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Tesis sobre el tema "Latent"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 25 de julio de 2025

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1

Anaya, Leticia H. "Comparing Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Latent Semantic Analysis as Classifiers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103284/.

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In the Information Age, a proliferation of unstructured text electronic documents exists. Processing these documents by humans is a daunting task as humans have limited cognitive abilities for processing large volumes of documents that can often be extremely lengthy. To address this problem, text data computer algorithms are being developed. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) are two text data computer algorithms that have received much attention individually in the text data literature for topic extraction studies but not for document classification nor for

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2

Xiong, Hao. "Diversified Latent Variable Models." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18512.

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Latent variable model is a common probabilistic framework which aims to estimate the hidden states of observations. More specifically, the hidden states can be the position of a robot, the low dimensional representation of an observation. Meanwhile, various latent variable models have been explored, such as hidden Markov models (HMM), Gaussian mixture model (GMM), Bayesian Gaussian process latent variable model (BGPLVM), etc. Moreover, these latent variable models have been successfully applied to a wide range of fields, such as robotic navigation, image and video compression, natural language

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3

Etessami, Pantea. "Mutagenesis studies on the genome of cassava latent virus : (African cassava latent virus)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235620.

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4

Murphy, Sean Michael. "Disease management and latent choices." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2008/S_Murphy_062608.pdf.

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5

Cartmill, Ian. "Builders' liability for latent defects." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302694.

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6

Shafia, Aminath. "Latent infection of Botrytis cinerea." Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499372.

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Latent B. cinerea was detected in nine symptomless wild host species from the families Asteraceae and Brassicaceae, in addition to greenhouse grown lettuce. Conventional testing methods revealed that latent B. cinerea was equally prevalent in the root system as the above ground parts. Incidence of latent infection was moderate in some species (Achillea milleforlium, Arabidopsis thaliana, Centraurea nigra, Cirsium vulgare, Senecio jacobaea, Senecio vulgaris and Taraaxacum agg.) and rare in others (Tussilago farfara and Bellis perennis). In greenhouse lettuce, latent infection was activated by p

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7

Ponweiser, Martin. "Latent Dirichlet Allocation in R." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3558/1/main.pdf.

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Topic models are a new research field within the computer sciences information retrieval and text mining. They are generative probabilistic models of text corpora inferred by machine learning and they can be used for retrieval and text mining tasks. The most prominent topic model is latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), which was introduced in 2003 by Blei et al. and has since then sparked off the development of other topic models for domain-specific purposes. This thesis focuses on LDA's practical application. Its main goal is the replication of the data analyses from the 2004 LDA paper ``Findi

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8

Creagh-Osborne, Jane. "Latent variable generalized linear models." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1885.

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Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) (McCullagh and Nelder, 1989) provide a unified framework for fixed effect models where response data arise from exponential family distributions. Much recent research has attempted to extend the framework to include random effects in the linear predictors. Different methodologies have been employed to solve different motivating problems, for example Generalized Linear Mixed Models (Clayton, 1994) and Multilevel Models (Goldstein, 1995). A thorough review and classification of this and related material is presented. In Item Response Theory (IRT) subjects are tes

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9

Mao, Cheng Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Matrix estimation with latent permutations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117863.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, 2018.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 151-167).<br>Motivated by various applications such as seriation, network alignment and ranking from pairwise comparisons, we study the problem of estimating a structured matrix with rows and columns shuffled by latent permutations, given noisy and incomplete observations of its entries. This problem is at the intersection of shape constrained estimation which has a long history in statistics, and latent permutation learn

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10

Dallaire, Patrick. "Bayesian nonparametric latent variable models." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26848.

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L’un des problèmes importants en apprentissage automatique est de déterminer la complexité du modèle à apprendre. Une trop grande complexité mène au surapprentissage, ce qui correspond à trouver des structures qui n’existent pas réellement dans les données, tandis qu’une trop faible complexité mène au sous-apprentissage, c’est-à-dire que l’expressivité du modèle est insuffisante pour capturer l’ensemble des structures présentes dans les données. Pour certains modèles probabilistes, la complexité du modèle se traduit par l’introduction d’une ou plusieurs variables cachées dont le rôle est d’exp

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11

Tiwari, Puneet. "Exploring latent structures in innovation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.705470.

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12

Morciano, Marcello. "Latent factor modelling of disability." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/16224/.

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This PhD thesis uses survey data and involves the application of latent factor structural equation methods to the study of the economics of disability and disability policy in later life, a topic which is currently very high on the policy agenda. It comprises four studies. The first chapter investigates the presence of health-related sample attrition (the drop-out of eligible sample members over time) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). The second chapter examines whether different indic ators of disability, collected in three widely-used household surveys, are consistent with

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13

Hood, Steven Brian. "Latent variable realism in psychometrics." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3319901.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History and Philosophy of Science, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 11, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 3173. Adviser: Colin F. Allen.

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14

Wegelin, Jacob A. "Latent models for cross-covariance /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8982.

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15

Mena-Chavez, Ramses H. "Stationary models using latent structures." Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425643.

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16

Ödling, David, and Arvid Österlund. "Factorisation of Latent Variables in Word Space Models : Studying redistribution of weight on latent variables." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-153776.

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The ultimate goal of any DSM is a scalable and accurate representation of lexical semantics. Recent developments due to Bullinaria & Levy (2012) and Caron (2001) indicate that the accuracy of such models can be improved by redistribution of weight on the principal components. However, this method is poorly understood and barely replicated due to the computational expensive dimension reduction and the puzzling nature of the results. This thesis aims to explore the nature of these results. Beginning by reproducing the results in Bullinaria & Levy (2012) we move onto deepen the understand

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17

PENNONI, FULVIA. "Issues on the Estimation of Latent Variable and Latent Class Models with Social Science Applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/46004.

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This Ph.D. work is made of different reseach problems which have in common the precence of latent variables. Chapters 1 and 2 provide accessible primer on the models developped in the subsequent chapters. Chapters 3 and 4 are written in form of articles. A list of references at the end of each chapter is provided and a general bibliography is also reported as last part of the work. The first chapter introduces the models of depedence and association and their interpretation using graphical models which have been proved useful to display in graphical form the essential relationships bet

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18

Stares, Sally Rebecca. "Latent trait and latent class models in survey analysis : case studies in public perceptions of biotechnology." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2970/.

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In latent variable models the existence of one or more unobserved (latent) variables is posited to explain the associations between a set of observed (manifest) variables. These models are useful for analysing attitudinal survey data, where multiple items are used to capture complex constructs such as attitudes, which cannot be directly observed. In such research they are most commonly applied in the form of factor analyses based on linear regression models. However, these are inappropriate when observed items are categorical, which is often the case with attitudinal surveys. Latent trait and

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19

Sheikha, Hassan. "Text mining Twitter social media for Covid-19 : Comparing latent semantic analysis and latent Dirichlet allocation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för datavetenskap och samhällsbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32567.

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In this thesis, the Twitter social media is data mined for information about the covid-19 outbreak during the month of March, starting from the 3’rd and ending on the 31’st. 100,000 tweets were collected from Harvard’s opensource data and recreated using Hydrate. This data is analyzed further using different Natural Language Processing (NLP) methodologies, such as termfrequency inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), lemmatizing, tokenizing, Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Furthermore, the results of the LSA and LDA algorithms is reduced dimensional data that

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20

Larsson, Patrik. "Automatisk FAQ med Latent Semantisk Analys." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-53672.

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<p>I denna uppsats presenteras teknik för att automatiskt besvara frågor skrivna i naturligt språk, givet att man har tillgång till en samling tidigare ställda frågor och deras respektive svar.</p><p>Jag bygger ett prototypsystem som utgår från en databas med epost-konversationer från HP Help Desk. Systemet kombinerar Latent Semantisk Analys med en täthetsbaserad klustringsalgoritm och en enkel klassificeringsalgoritm för att identifiera frekventa svar och besvara nya frågor.</p><p>De automatgenererade svaren utvärderas automatiskt och resultaten jämförs med de som tidigare presenterats för sa

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21

Ozsoy, Makbule Gulcin. "Text Summarization Using Latent Semantic Analysis." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612988/index.pdf.

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Text summarization solves the problem of presenting the information needed by a user in a compact form. There are different approaches to create well formed summaries in literature. One of the newest methods in text summarization is the Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) method. In this thesis, different LSA based summarization algorithms are explained and two new LSA based summarization algorithms are proposed. The algorithms are evaluated on Turkish and English documents, and their performances are compared using their ROUGE scores.

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22

Arnekvist, Isac, and Ludvig Ericson. "Finding competitors using Latent Dirichlet Allocation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186386.

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Identifying business competitors is of interest to many, but is becoming increasingly hard in an expanding global market. The aim of this report is to investigate whether Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) can be used to identify and rank competitors based on distances between LDA representations of company descriptions. The performance of the LDA model was compared to that of bag-of-words and random ordering by evaluating then comparing them on a handful of common information retrieval metrics. Several different distance metrics were evaluated to determine which metric had best correspondence

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23

au, gwilcox@murdoch edu, and Hazilawati Hamzah. "Latent Equine Herpesvirus Infections in Horses." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081022.131528.

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A significant characteristic of the herpesviruses is that they form latent infections in infected hosts, and can be reactivated to again induce lytic infections by stressors. This thesis deals with an epidemiological investigation of equine herpesvirus infection, particularly gammaherpesvirus infections, in foals and if there was evidence of reactivation of latent virus infections by stressors such as those associated with weaning. A longitudinal study of EHV infections in young foals and the effect of stressors such as weaning on the prevalence of virus infection was undertaken by the dete

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24

Christmas, Jacqueline. "Robust spatio-temporal latent variable models." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3051.

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Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) are widely-used mathematical models for decomposing multivariate data. They capture spatial relationships between variables, but ignore any temporal relationships that might exist between observations. Probabilistic PCA (PPCA) and Probabilistic CCA (ProbCCA) are versions of these two models that explain the statistical properties of the observed variables as linear mixtures of an alternative, hypothetical set of hidden, or latent, variables and explicitly model noise. Both the noise and the latent variables are assumed

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25

Johnson, George Anthony. "Luminescence studies of latent fingerprint residue." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257556.

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26

Baffi, Giuseppe. "Non-linear projection to latent structures." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/893.

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This Thesis focuses on the study of multivariate statistical regression techniques which have been used to produce non-linear empirical models of chemical processes, and on the development of a novel approach to non-linear Projection to Latent Structures regression. Empirical modelling relies on the availability of process data and sound empirical regression techniques which can handle variable collinearities, measurement noise, unknown variable and noise distributions and high data set dimensionality. Projection based techniques, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Projection to La

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27

Nugent, Lianne Karen. "Latent invasion by selected Xylariaceous fungi." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402948.

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28

Eriksson, Jenny, and Pia Eskola. "Automatisk tesauruskonstruktion med latent semantisk indexering." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18226.

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The aim of this thesis is to examine how thesauri constructed with latent semantic indexing LSI are performing when used for query expansion. There is a well-known problem with synonymy in information retrieval and one solution to this problem is to use a thesaurus. In this thesis thesauri are created automatically to find statistically related words and not only synonyms. LSI is a method that uses singular value decomposition SVD to reduce dimensions in a matrix and find latent relationships between words. We constructed nine thesauri and used them for query expansion in a Swedish database, G

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29

Chen, George H. "Latent source models for nonparametric inference." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99774.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-101).<br>Nearest-neighbor inference methods have been widely and successfully used in numerous applications such as forecasting which news topics will go viral, recommending products to people in online stores, and delinea

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30

Choudhury, Charisma Farheen 1978. "Modeling driving decisions with latent plans." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42220.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 227-238).<br>Driving is a complex task that includes a series of interdependent decisions. In many situations, these decisions are based on a specific plan. The plan is however unobserved or latent and only the manifestations of the plan through actions are observed. Examples include selection of a target lane before execution of the lane change, choice of a merging tactic before execution of the merge. Change in circumstances (e.g. reaction of

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31

Wanigasekara, Prashan. "Latent state space models for prediction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106269.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 95-98).<br>In this thesis, I explore a novel algorithm to model the joint behavior of multiple correlated signals. Our chosen example is the ECG (Electrocardiogram) and ABP (Arterial Blood Pressure) signals from patients in the ICU (Intensive Care Unit). I then use the generated models to predict blood pressure levels of ICU

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32

Paquet, Ulrich. "Bayesian inference for latent variable models." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613111.

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33

O'Sullivan, Aidan Michael. "Bayesian latent variable models with applications." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/19191.

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The massive increases in computational power that have occurred over the last two decades have contributed to the increasing prevalence of Bayesian reasoning in statistics. The often intractable integrals required as part of the Bayesian approach to inference can be approximated or estimated using intensive sampling or optimisation routines. This has extended the realm of applications beyond simple models for which fully analytic solutions are possible. Latent variable models are ideally suited to this approach as it provides a principled method for resolving one of the more difficult issues a

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34

Ernste, Huib, and Manfred M. Fischer. "Latent Class Modeling and Typological Analysis." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1991. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4222/1/WSG_DP_1191.pdf.

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35

Choubey, Rahul. "Tag recommendation using Latent Dirichlet Allocation." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9785.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Computing and Information Sciences<br>Doina Caragea<br>The vast amount of data present on the internet calls for ways to label and organize this data according to specific categories, in order to facilitate search and browsing activities. This can be easily accomplished by making use of folksonomies and user provided tags. However, it can be difficult for users to provide meaningful tags. Tag recommendation systems can guide the users towards informative tags for online resources such as websites, pictures, etc. The aim of this thesis is to build a system

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36

Zhang, Cheng. "Structured Representation Using Latent Variable Models." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Datorseende och robotik, CVAP, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191455.

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Over the past two centuries the industrial revolution automated a great part of work that involved human muscles. Recently, since the beginning of the 21st century, the focus has shifted towards automating work that is involving our brain to further improve our lives. This is accomplished by establishing human-level intelligence through machines, which lead to the growth of the field of artificial intelligence. Machine learning is a core component of artificial intelligence. While artificial intelligence focuses on constructing an entire intelligence system, machine learning focuses on the lea

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37

Zhang, Dengfeng. "Latent Class Model in Transportation Study." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51203.

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Statistics, as a critical component in transportation research, has been widely used to analyze driver safety, travel time, traffic flow and numerous other problems. Many of these popular topics can be interpreted as to establish the statistical models for the latent structure of data. Over the past several years, the interest in latent class models has continuously increased due to their great potential in solving practical problems. In this dissertation, I developed several latent class models to quantitatively analyze the hidden structure of transportation data and addressed related applica

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38

McCarthy, Catherine M. "Latent Vulnerability Among Low-Risk Adolescents." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/95153.

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Educational Psychology<br>Ph.D.<br>This longitudinal study assessed education achievement outcomes among a cohort of eighth graders for whom future college-level academic success would be predicted. The sample was drawn from the NELS:88 database and was comprised of students who scored in the top quintile on a mathematics achievement test and who were identified as representing the top two quartiles of a measurement of socio-economic status. This group, identified as low-risk for academic failure, was predicted to attain a bachelor's degree by the age of twenty-six. A subgroup from among this

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39

Surian, Didi. "Novel Applications Using Latent Variable Models." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14014.

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Latent variable models have achieved a great success in many research communities, including machine learning, information retrieval, data mining, natural language processing, etc. Latent variable models use an assumption that the data, which is observable, has an affinity to some hidden/latent variables. In this thesis, we present a suite of novel applications using latent variable models. In particular, we (i) extend topic models using directional distributions, (ii) propose novel solutions using latent variable models to detect outliers (anomalies) and (iii) to answer cross-modal retrieval

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40

Hamzah, Hazilawati. "Latent equine herpesvirus infections in horses." Thesis, Hamzah, Hazilawati (2008) Latent equine herpesvirus infections in horses. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/731/.

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A significant characteristic of the herpesviruses is that they form latent infections in infected hosts, and can be reactivated to again induce lytic infections by stressors. This thesis deals with an epidemiological investigation of equine herpesvirus infection, particularly gammaherpesvirus infections, in foals and if there was evidence of reactivation of latent virus infections by stressors such as those associated with weaning. A longitudinal study of EHV infections in young foals and the effect of stressors such as weaning on the prevalence of virus infection was undertaken by the det

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41

Hamzah, Hazilawati. "Latent equine herpesvirus infections in horses." Hamzah, Hazilawati (2008) Latent equine herpesvirus infections in horses. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/731/.

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A significant characteristic of the herpesviruses is that they form latent infections in infected hosts, and can be reactivated to again induce lytic infections by stressors. This thesis deals with an epidemiological investigation of equine herpesvirus infection, particularly gammaherpesvirus infections, in foals and if there was evidence of reactivation of latent virus infections by stressors such as those associated with weaning. A longitudinal study of EHV infections in young foals and the effect of stressors such as weaning on the prevalence of virus infection was undertaken by the det

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42

Parsons, S. "Approximation methods for latent variable models." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1513250/.

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Modern statistical models are often intractable, and approximation methods can be required to perform inference on them. Many different methods can be employed in most contexts, but not all are fully understood. The current thesis is an investigation into the use of various approximation methods for performing inference on latent variable models. Composite likelihoods are used as surrogates for the likelihood function of state space models (SSM). In chapter 3, variational approximations to their evaluation are investigated, and the interaction of biases as composite structure changes is observ

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43

Oldmeadow, Christopher. "Latent variable models in statistical genetics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/31995/1/Christopher_Oldmeadow_Thesis.pdf.

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Understanding the complexities that are involved in the genetics of multifactorial diseases is still a monumental task. In addition to environmental factors that can influence the risk of disease, there is also a number of other complicating factors. Genetic variants associated with age of disease onset may be different from those variants associated with overall risk of disease, and variants may be located in positions that are not consistent with the traditional protein coding genetic paradigm. Latent Variable Models are well suited for the analysis of genetic data. A latent variable is one

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44

Marshall, Neil A. "The role of EBV latent membrane protein 1 induced regulatory T-cells in latent infection and Hodgkin lymphoma." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430397.

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Healthy EBV seropositive donors tested for the ability to mount Th responses against LMP1 responded with secretion of high levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 which was secreted from cells phenotypically analogous to the Tr1 class of regulatory T-cells. The epitopes inducing this IL-10 secretion were clustered in the hydrophobic, transmembrane half of the protein that corresponded to a cluster of high affinity MHC class II binding domains. Since the LMP1 induced TO cells could effectively suppress immune responses in an IL- 10 dependent manner, it seems likely that the induction o

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45

Esmail, Hanif. "How latent is 'latent' tuberculosis? : the radiographic, transcriptional and immunological characterisation of subclinical tuberculosis in HIV infected adults." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/30658.

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Background: The central hypothesis of the thesis is that the neat division of tuberculosis (TB) into states of active disease and latent infection is an oversimplification and that the transition between latent and active TB involves passage through a subclinical phase of disease, which may be prolonged, during which pathology evolves. The primary aim of this thesis is to utilise [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) to identify and define intra-thoracic pathology consistent with subclinical TB in a cohort of asymptomatic adu

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46

Kao, Ling-Jing. "Data augmentation for latent variables in marketing." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155653751.

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47

Martino, Sara. "Approximate Bayesian Inference for Latent Gaussian Models." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1949.

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<p>This thesis consists of five papers, presented in chronological order. Their content is summarised in this section.</p><p>Paper I introduces the approximation tool for latent GMRF models and discusses, in particular, the approximation for the posterior of the hyperparameters θ in equation (1). It is shown that this approximation is indeed very accurate, as even long MCMC runs cannot detect any error in it. A Gaussian approximation to the density of χ<sub>i</sub>|<b>θ</b>, <b>y</b> is also discussed. This appears to give reasonable results and it is very fast to compute. However, slight erro

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48

Jasiak, Joanna. "Three essays on econometrics of latent variables." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21473.pdf.

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49

Burnham, Alison J. "Multivariate latent variable regression, modelling and estimation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0006/NQ42728.pdf.

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Burnham, Alison J. "Multivariate latent variable regression : modelling and estimation /." *McMaster only, 1997.

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