Artículos de revistas: "Latin Americans Latin Americans Women immigrants Women immigrants"

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Borjas, George J. y Marta Tienda. "The Employment and Wages of Legalized Immigrants". International Migration Review 27, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1993): 712–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839302700401.

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This article analyzes the employment and wages of recently legalized immigrants using the Legalization Application Processing System (LAPS) file, an administrative file based on the individual records of amnesty applicants, and draws comparisons with a sample of the foreign-born population from the Current Population Surveys of 1983, 1986 and 1988. Compared to the total foreign-born population, the legalized immigrant population differs in four important respects that bear on labor market position: 1) a younger age structure; 2) a less balanced gender composition; 3) a greater representation of Latin Americans; and 4) few years of U.S. residence. LAPS data reveal high rates of labor force participation among legalized immigrants, which exceeded the rates of the foreign-born population by approximately 5 and 17 percent for men and women, respectively. Legal immigrants earn approximately 30 percent more than their undocumented counterparts from the same regional origins. National origin alone accounts for about half of the wage gap between legal and undocumented migrants. In addition, the wage disadvantage of undocumented immigrants actually increases with age. Cross-sectional data preclude an unambiguous interpretation of this result, which requires longitudinal data.

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Carliner, Geoffrey. "The Language Ability of U.S. Immigrants: Assimilation and Cohort Effects". International Migration Review 34, n.º 1 (marzo de 2000): 158–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791830003400107.

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This article uses data from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. Censuses of Population to examine the English language skills of natives and immigrants. It finds that lack of fluency in spoken English is rare among native-born Americans, including among the teenage and adult children of recently arrived ethnic groups. The vast majority of immigrants also speak English well. However, since the 1950s fluency among new immigrants has declined by 0.3 percentage point per year, because of the shift in source countries from English speaking countries and from continental Europe to Latin America and East Asia. Each additional year of U.S. residence increases the probability of fluency by 1.1 percentage points for immigrants from non-English speaking countries. An additional year of schooling increases fluency by 5 percentage points. Overall, women are slightly more likely to be fluent than men. The large differences in English skills by region of origin seem to be more associated with geographic distance from the U.S. than with the source country's per capita income or linguistic distance from English.

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Kirchner, Teresa y Camila Patiño. "Latin-American Immigrant Women and Mental Health: Differences according to their Rural or Urban Origin". Spanish journal of psychology 14, n.º 2 (noviembre de 2011): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n2.31.

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Spain is one of the EU countries that receive most immigrants, especially from Latin America. The process of migration implies a high level of stress what may have repercussions for the mental health of immigrants. The purposes of this study were: (a) to determine whether the degree of mental health of immigrant women differs according to their rural or urban origin, (b) to compare the mental health of immigrant women with that of the female normative sample of host population (Spain). A sample of 186 Latin American immigrant women (142 from urban areas and 44 from rural areas) was recruited in Barcelona by means of a consecutive case method. A structured interview and the SCL-90-R were administered. The results indicated that the immigrant women from rural origin reported higher levels of psychological symptomatology than those from urban areas. Immigrants reported higher levels of psychological symptomatology than the native female population and in most of the psychological symptoms exceeded 90% of the native Spanish population. Migration is a powerful stressor which may lead to psychological distress. Being female of rural origin and being in an illegal situation is related with an increase in symptomatology.

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T. D'Alonzo, Karen. "Evaluation and revision of questionnaires for use among low-literacy immigrant Latinos". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 19, n.º 5 (octubre de 2011): 1255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692011000500025.

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As more Spanish speaking immigrants participate in and become the focus of research studies, questions arise about the appropriateness of existing research tools. Questionnaires have often been adapted from English language instruments and tested among college-educated Hispanic-Americans. Little has been written regarding the testing and evaluation of research tools among less educated Latino immigrants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and revise a battery of Spanish-language questionnaires for an intervention among immigrant Hispanic women. A three-step process was used to evaluate, adapt and test Spanish versions of the Self-Efficacy and Exercise Habits Survey, an abbreviated version of the Hispanic Stress Inventory-Immigrant version and the Latina Values Scale. The revised tools demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. The adaptations improved the readability of the tools, resulting in a higher response rate, less missing data and fewer extreme responses. Psychometric limitations to the adaptation of Likert scales are discussed.

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Hampton, Melissa. "Constructing the Deviant Woman: Gendered Stigma of the 1980 Cuban Mariel Migration". American Behavioral Scientist 61, n.º 10 (septiembre de 2017): 1086–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764217732105.

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This article argues that the 1980 Cuban Mariel migration marked a turning point in American perceptions and media representations of female Cuban immigrants, and Cuban exiles in the United States more generally. By examining how sexualized representations of Mariel women coincided with a more general stigmatization of Mariel migrants, I contend that single Cuban women arriving in the boatlift underwent a process of racialization, in which they became increasingly undifferentiated from historical stereotypes of the sexually threatening Latina immigrant in the United States.

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Sanchón-Macias, Mª Visitación, Dolores Prieto-Salceda, Andreu Bover-Bover y Denise Gastaldo. "Relationship between subjective social status and perceived health among Latin American immigrant women". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 21, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2013): 1353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.2943.2374.

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OBJECTIVE: to explore the relationship between socioeconomic status and subjective social status and explain how subjective social status predicts health in immigrant women. METHODS: cross-sectional study based on data from 371 Latin American women (16-65 years old) from a total of 7,056 registered immigrants accesse through community parthers between 2009-2010. Socioeconomic status was measured through education, income and occupation; subjective social status was measured using the MacArthur Scale, and perceived health, using a Likert scale. RESULTS: a weak correlation between socioeconomic and subjective social status was found. In the bivariate analysis, a significantly higher prevalence of negative perceived health in women with no education, low income, undocumented employment was observed. In the multivariate analysis, higher odds of prevalence of negative perceptions of health in the lower levels of the MacArthur scale were observed. No significant differences with the rest of the variables were found. CONCLUSIONS: the study suggests that subjective social status was a better predictor of health status than the socioeconomic status measurements. Therefore, the use of this measurement may be relevant to the study of health inequalities, particularly in socially disadvantaged groups such as immigrants.

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Ai, Amy L., Hoa B. Appel y Jungup Lee. "Acculturation Factors Related to Obesity of Latino American Men Nationwide". American Journal of Men's Health 12, n.º 5 (8 de junio de 2016): 1421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316653182.

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Obesity is a public health epidemic, particularly among underrepresented populations. With a large proportion of immigrants, Latino Americans comprise the largest minority population in the United States. This study examined the association of acculturation factors with obesity among Latino American men ( n = 1,127) using the National Latino and Asian American Study. The result identified two acculturation-related factors (being U.S.-born and living in the United States for the longest period/5-10 years) as positive correlates. In contrast, a different study on obesity in Latino American women demonstrated discrimination, but not the above factors, as significant correlates. The men’s pattern suggests that the Hispanic/Latino paradox might have greater implications for men with respect to weight issues. Furthermore, Mexican American and Other Latino American men presented a greater likelihood of being obese than Cuban and Puerto Rican men. The findings, if replicated in prospective research, suggest the need for gender- and ethnic-specific intervention for obesity in Latino American men, particularly for the largest subgroup, Mexican Americans.

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Briones-Vozmediano, Erica, Natalia Rivas-Quarneti, Montserrat Gea-Sánchez, Andreu Bover-Bover, Maria Antonia Carbonero y Denise Gastaldo. "The Health Consequences of Neocolonialism for Latin American Immigrant Women Working as Caregivers in Spain: A Multisite Qualitative Analysis". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 21 (9 de noviembre de 2020): 8278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218278.

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In Spain, most jobs available for Latin American immigrant women are in intimate labour (caregiving and domestic work). This work is usually performed under informal employment conditions. The objective of this study was to explain how the colonial logic mediates the experiences of Latin American women working in intimate labour in Spain, and the effects of such occupation on their health and wellbeing, using a decolonial theoretical framework. A multi-site secondary data analysis of qualitative data from four previous studies was performed utilizing 101 interviews with Latin American immigrant women working as caregivers in Spain. Three interwoven categories show how the dominant colonial logic in Spain creates low social status and precarious jobs, and naturalizes intimate labour as their métier while producing detrimental physical and psychosocial health consequences for these immigrant caregivers. The caregivers displayed several strategies to resist and navigate intimate labour and manage its negative impact on health. Respect and integration into the family for whom they work had a buffering effect, mediating the effects of working conditions on health and wellbeing. Based on our analysis, we suggest that employment, social, and health protection laws and strategies are needed to promote a positive working environment, and to reduce the impact of caregiving work for Latin American caregivers.

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Alcalde, Maria Cristina y Ana Maria Quelopana. "Latin American immigrant women and intergenerational sex education". Sex Education 13, n.º 3 (mayo de 2013): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2012.737775.

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Schuster, Paulette Kershenovich. "Balancing Act: Identity and Otherness among Latin American Immigrants and their Food Practices". Transnational Marketing Journal 4, n.º 2 (31 de octubre de 2016): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/tmj.v4i2.391.

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This article deals with the identity construction of Latin American immigrants in Israel through their food practices. Food is a basic symbolic element connecting cultural perceptions and experiences. For immigrants, food is also an important element in the maintenance of personal ties with their home countries and a cohesive factor in the construction of a new identity in Israel, their adopted homeland. Food practices encode tacit information and non-verbal cues that are integral parts of an individual’s relationship with different social groups. In this case, I recruited participants from an online group formed within social media platforms of Latin American women living in Israel. The basic assumption of this study posits that certain communication systems are set in motion around food events in various social contexts pertaining to different national or local cuisines and culinary customs. Their meaning, significance and modifications and how they are framed. This article focuses on the adaptation and acculturation processes because it is at that point that immigrants are faced with an interesting duality of reconstructing their unique cultural perceptions to either fit the existing national collective ethos or create a new reality. In this study, the main objective is to compare two different immigrant groups: Jewish and non-Jewish women from Latin America who came to Israel during the last ten years. The comparative nature of the research revealed marked differences between ethnic, religious and cultural elements that reflect coping strategies manifested in the cultural production of food and its representation in two distinct domains: private and public. In the former, it is illustrated within the family and home and how they connect or clash with the latter in the form of consumption in public. Combining cultural studies and discourse analysis, this article offers fresh insight into new models of food practices and reproductions. The article’s contribution to new food research lies in its ability to shed light on how inter-generational and inter-religious discourses are melded while food practices and traditions are embedded in a new Israeli identity.

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Cortina, Clara, Thaís García y Albert Esteve. "Migración, ocupación y matrimonio: una aproximación a las relaciones de género de las parejas mixtas en España / Migration, Occupation and Marriage: an Approach to the Gender Relations of Mixed Couples in Spain". Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 24, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2009): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v24i2.1335.

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En este artículo se analiza la condición de doble ingreso de las parejas como una manera de observar las relaciones de género en el caso particular de las uniones mixtas en el contexto de la creciente presencia de inmigrantes internacionales en España. Para ello se ha considerado simultáneamente la posición de esos hombres y mujeres inmigrantes en los mercados laboral y matrimonial. Con datos de la Encuesta de Población Activa de España para el segundo trimestre de 2007, se analizan la homogamia conyugal y las situaciones ocupacionales de los cónyuges. Las parejas se clasifican distinguiendo si ambos cónyuges están empleados o sólo uno de ellos lo está. Se aplican métodos de análisis multivariado para determinar la probabilidad de los diferentes tipos de uniones de tener uno o doble ingreso. Se realizan análisis diferenciados según la región de origen de los cónyuges inmigrantes (latinoamericanos, europeos occidentales, europeos orientales y magrebíes).En un contexto de aumento de los matrimonios mixtos y de expansión del modelo de doble ingreso en las parejas, los principales resultados revelan que en las uniones mixtas es más frecuente que los cónyuges sean mayores, y que hay una elevada heterogamia educativa; muestran asimismo que la probabilidad de un doble ingreso depende del origen de los cónyuges. Es decir, que las uniones mixtas son más o menos igualitarias en términos de género (dependiendo del sexo y el origen del cónyuge) que las uniones que los españoles están formando en la actualidad. AbstractThis article analyzes the condition of dual earner couples as a means of observing gender relations in the specific case of mixed unions within the context of the growing presence of international immigrants in Spain. To this end, the authors have simultaneously considered the position of these immigrant men and women in the labor and marriage markets. Using data from the Survey on the Active Population in Spain for the second quarter of 2007, they analyze conjugal homogamy and the occupational status of the spouses. Couples are classified according to whether both spouses are employed or only one. Multivariate methods of analysis are used to determine the probability that the different types of unions will have a single or double income. Differentiated analyses are undertaken according to the region of origin of the immigrant spouses (Latin Americans, West Europeans, East Europeans and Maghrebis).In a context of an increasing number of mixed marriages and the expansion of the double income model in couples, the main results show that in mixed unions, spouses are likely to be older and that there is a wide range of educational attainment. The likelihood of a double income also depends on the origin of the spouses. In other words, mixed unions are more or less equal in terms of gender (in terms of the spouse’s sex and origin) to the unions currently being formed by Spaniards.

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Imoberdorf, Sebastian. "Beyond the Margins: Human Rights Against Undocumented Persons, Homosexuals, And Women in Inter-American Narrative". Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, n.º 81 (2020): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.recaesin.2020.81.07.

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This study is greatly based on article 7 of the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” that states: “All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law.” Latin America is viewed as a place where injustices and atrocities tend to be the order of the day: violent processes of conquest and colonization, military dictatorships, drug trafficking, kidnappings, the increase in crime and insecurity, etc. Such violations have generated frequent waves of emigration (often irregular) to the United States where they seek protection and freedom but, too often, they find neither, thus producing a vicious cycle in the inter-American literature of US Latino authors. The focus is to examine three distinct groups: immigrants, homosexuals and women.

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Lemos, C., R. Ramirez, M. Ordobas, D. H. Guibert, J. C. Sanz, L. Garcia y J. F. Martinez Navarro. "New features of rubella in Spain: the evidence of an outbreak". Eurosurveillance 9, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2004): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.09.04.00463-en.

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In most of western Europe the rubella vaccine coverage is high. However, prior to the introduction of the vaccine in Latin America, rubella susceptibility in women of childbearing age was 10-25%. Forty one (93%) countries in Latin America have adopted the rubella vaccine since 2002. The adult immigrant population in Spain constitutes a group of susceptibles. In February 2003, the Madrid Community Measles Elimination Plan detected an increase in rubella notifications in women who had been born in Latin America. A descriptive study was undertaken to characterise the outbreak. A confirmed case was a person with fever or rash and a positive IgM serology, and living in Madrid, between 1 December 2002 and 31 March 2003. The secondary attack rate (SAR) per household was calculated. A total of 19 cases of rubella were identified, 15 were confirmed and 4 were probable cases. Fourteen (73.7%) cases were women at childbearing age. The mean age was 25.1 years. One pregnancy was diagnosed with a voluntary termination. Eleven (57.9%) cases were from Ecuador. The mean time of residence in Spain was 41 months. None of the cases or the 54 (78.3%) household contacts had been vaccinated against rubella. The SAR was 9.1%. This study showed the spread of rubella in the susceptible Latin American Community that is resident in Madrid. The interventions proposed were a vaccination programme towards immigrants, a health education campaign to prevent congenital rubella, and a health professional training programme case management.

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Fuentes Márquez, S., R. Alonso Díaz y E. Cortázar Alonso. "Access To Mental Health And Immigration". European Psychiatry 33, S1 (marzo de 2016): S446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1623.

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in the present study, we certain demographic variables of immigrants accessing specialized mental health care at two points in time: 2013 and 2014. According to the National institute of Statistics, the number of foreigners fell by 4% in 2013 and 3% in 2014 due to emigration and the acquisition of Spanish nationality. Among the objectives of the department of health is collected to ensure the right to health protection to immigrants through effective access to the health system and improve management capacity and performance of health centers in diverse contexts.ResultsDespite the overall decline in foreign an increase in first consultations requested for immigrants was observed. At both time points, higher demand for foreign women is observed. With respect to age greater demand seen in middle adulthood, however in 2014 there is a greater homogeneity with respect to this variable. The greatest demand comes from Morocco, Romania and Poland, although most Latin American countries are increasingly observed.ConclusionsBetter access and better quality health care to both the immigrant population and of citizens in amount from acceptance and commitment to this complex and diverse and its approach will be achieved.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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McCLURE, HEATHER H., CHARLES R. MARTINEZ, J. JOSH SNODGRASS, J. MARK EDDY, ROBERTO A. JIMÉNEZ, LAURA E. ISIORDIA y THOMAS W. McDADE. "DISCRIMINATION-RELATED STRESS, BLOOD PRESSURE AND EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS ANTIBODIES AMONG LATIN AMERICAN IMMIGRANTS IN OREGON, US". Journal of Biosocial Science 42, n.º 4 (24 de febrero de 2010): 433–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932010000039.

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SummaryPerceived discrimination has been linked to poor health outcomes among ethnic and racial minorities in the United States, though the relationship of discrimination-related stress to immigrant health is not well understood. This article reports findings from a preliminary study that examined blood pressure and Epstein-Barr virus antibody levels in relation to self-reported indicators of stress, acculturation and social support among 79 adult immigrant Latino farm workers in Oregon, US. Findings show that increases in discrimination-related stress predicted elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and Epstein-Barr virus antibody levels among male participants. Though female participants reported similar levels of discrimination stress, this perceived stress was not reflected in biological measures. Among women, greater English language engagement was linked to higher SBP, and more years in the US was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure. Study results suggest that male and female immigrants' physiological responses to stress may be influenced in distinctive ways by processes of adjustment to life in the US. If replicated, the finding that discrimination stress predicts elevated SBP may have clinical and public health implications given that elevated SBP is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

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González-Juárez, Liliana, Ana Lucía Noreña-Peña y Luis Cibanal-Juan. "Immigration experience of Latin American working women in Alicante, Spain: an ethnographic study". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 22, n.º 5 (octubre de 2014): 857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3559.2490.

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OBJECTIVE: to describe the experience of Latin American working women regarding immigration, taking into account the expectations and conditions in which this process takes place.METHOD: ethnographic qualitative study. Data collection was performed by means of semi-structured interviews with 24 Latin American immigrant women in Spain. The information collected was triangulated through two focal groups.RESULTS: the expectations of migrant women focus on improving family living conditions. Social support is essential for their settling and to perform daily life activities. They declare they have adapted to the settlement country, although they live with stress. They perceive they have greater sexual freedom and power with their partners but keep greater responsibility in childcare, combining that with the role of working woman.CONCLUSIONS: migrant women play a key role in the survival of households, they build and create new meanings about being a woman, their understanding of life, their social and couple relationships. Such importance is shaped by their expectations and the conditions in which the migration process takes place, as well as their work integration.

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Escobar Villegas, Soledad, Santiago Pérez-Nievas y Guillermo Cordero. "Killing Two Birds with One Stone?" Migraciones. Publicación del Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones, n.º 51 (6 de mayo de 2021): 153–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14422/mig.i51y2021.006.

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This article analyses the descriptive representation of immigrant-origin women in two local Spanish elections. On the basis of the influence of political opportunity structures and the role played by political parties, we quantify their presence on party lists and their degree of success in becoming councilwomen. Using the APREPINM database we compare their levels of representation across different immigrant-origin minorities and the degree of gender disparity within each group. Our results show that women originating from the EU and Latin America benefit from greater access to party lists than their male counterparts and their female peers from other groups. But when it comes to being elected as councilwomen, only Latin-American women maintain this comparative advantage.

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Avivi, Yamil. "Latina Muslim Producers of Online and Literary Countermedia". American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 36, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2019): 132–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v36i4.668.

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Since 9/11, US English and Spanish language media have reported on the rise in Latino/a conversion to Islam. Western(ized) media images I examined for this essay about Latinas converting to Islam raise suspicions overpossible forced conversions, brainwashing, or abuse. What is evident and salient in these media portrayals, whether deliberately or unintentionally created, are the binaries (Western vs. non-Western, Christian vs. Muslim, and Arab vs. Latino) that limit understandings of how these women are self-empowered and make choices for themselves in their everyday lives as Latina Muslim converts. In effect, Western imperial ideologies and discourses in these media portrayals reinforce and normalize rigid state identitarian notions of Christian/Catholic Latinas living in Union City, New Jersey, a traditionally Catholic/Christian-majority and urban Cuban-majority/Latino immigrant enclave since the 1940s-1950s. Now more alarming is this post-9/11 moment when “the Latino American Dawah Organization (LADO) estimated that Latina women outnumbered their male counterparts and reached 60 per cent,” as part of a changing religious and ethnic demographic that includes Muslim Arab and South Asian populations amidst Latino/a populations. In my research, it soon became evident that a variety of media sources perceived Union City as a prime site of Latino/a Muslim conversion post-9/11. This essay offers a specific look at the way newsmedia has portrayed Latina Muslims in Union City and how the cultural productions of these women challenge simplistic and Islamophobic views of Latinas who have converted to Islam post-9/11. To download full review, click on PDF.

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Avivi, Yamil. "Latina Muslim Producers of Online and Literary Countermedia". American Journal of Islam and Society 36, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2019): 132–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v36i4.668.

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Since 9/11, US English and Spanish language media have reported on the rise in Latino/a conversion to Islam. Western(ized) media images I examined for this essay about Latinas converting to Islam raise suspicions overpossible forced conversions, brainwashing, or abuse. What is evident and salient in these media portrayals, whether deliberately or unintentionally created, are the binaries (Western vs. non-Western, Christian vs. Muslim, and Arab vs. Latino) that limit understandings of how these women are self-empowered and make choices for themselves in their everyday lives as Latina Muslim converts. In effect, Western imperial ideologies and discourses in these media portrayals reinforce and normalize rigid state identitarian notions of Christian/Catholic Latinas living in Union City, New Jersey, a traditionally Catholic/Christian-majority and urban Cuban-majority/Latino immigrant enclave since the 1940s-1950s. Now more alarming is this post-9/11 moment when “the Latino American Dawah Organization (LADO) estimated that Latina women outnumbered their male counterparts and reached 60 per cent,” as part of a changing religious and ethnic demographic that includes Muslim Arab and South Asian populations amidst Latino/a populations. In my research, it soon became evident that a variety of media sources perceived Union City as a prime site of Latino/a Muslim conversion post-9/11. This essay offers a specific look at the way newsmedia has portrayed Latina Muslims in Union City and how the cultural productions of these women challenge simplistic and Islamophobic views of Latinas who have converted to Islam post-9/11. To download full review, click on PDF.

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Kirchner, T. y C. Patiño. "Stress and depression in Latin American immigrants: The mediating role of religiosity". European Psychiatry 25, n.º 8 (diciembre de 2010): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.04.003.

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AbstractObjectiveMigrating implies a high level of stress that may destabilise immigrants’ mental health. The sense of spiritual fulfilment (feelings of faith, religiosity, and transcendence beyond ordinary material life) can mitigate the stress and benefit mental health. The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship between migratory stress, religiosity and depression symptoms, as well as the mediating role of religiosity between migratory stress and depression symptoms.MethodParticipants were 295 Latin American immigrants living in Barcelona (Spain), 186 of whom (63.1%) were women and 109 (36.9%) were men. They were recruited from a Spanish NGO by means of a consecutive-case method.ResultsThe results showed an inverse relationship between religiosity and depression symptoms, but only in women. Likewise, in women, the sense of spiritual fulfilment had mediating value in buffering the relationship between stress and depression symptoms. This mediating value of spiritual fulfilment was not observed in men. For both genders religiosity was inversely related with stress. In addition, it was observed that the sense of religiosity decreases as the time since immigration passes.ConclusionsThese results may be of importance in clinical practice for prevention and therapeutic intervention with Latin American immigrants. As sense of transcendence and social support from the religious community are intertwined, it is difficult to specifically attribute the observed benefit of religiosity to the former versus the later.

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Green, Eric H., Karen M. Freund, Michael A. Posner y Michele M. David. "Pap Smear Rates among Haitian Immigrant Women in Eastern Massachusetts". Public Health Reports 120, n.º 2 (marzo de 2005): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003335490512000206.

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Objective. Given limited prior evidence of high rates of cervical cancer in Haitian immigrant women in the U.S., this study was designed to examine self-reported Pap smear screening rates for Haitian immigrant women and compare them to rates for women of other ethnicities. Methods. Multi-ethnic women at least 40 years of age living in neighborhoods with large Haitian immigrant populations in eastern Massachusetts were surveyed in 2000–2002. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the effect of demographic and health care characteristics on Pap smear rates. Results. Overall, 81% (95% confidence interval 79%, 84%) of women in the study sample reported having had a Pap smear within three years. In unadjusted analyses, Pap smear rates differed by ethnicity ( p=0.003), with women identified as Haitian having a lower crude Pap smear rate (78%) than women identified as African American (87%), English-speaking Caribbean (88%), or Latina (92%). Women identified as Haitian had a higher rate than women identified as non-Hispanic white (74%). Adjustment for differences in demographic factors known to predict Pap smear acquisition (age, marital status, education level, and household income) only partially accounted for the observed difference in Pap smear rates. However, adjustment for these variables as well as those related to health care access (single site for primary care, health insurance status, and physician gender) eliminated the ethnic difference in Pap smear rates. Conclusions. The lower crude Pap smear rate for Haitian immigrants relative to other women of color was in part due to differences in ( 1) utilization of a single source for primary care, ( 2) health insurance, and ( 3) care provided by female physicians. Public health programs, such as the cancer prevention programs currently utilized in eastern Massachusetts, may influence these factors. Thus, the relatively high Pap rate among women in this study may reflect the success of these programs. Public health and elected officials will need to consider closely how implementing or withdrawing these programs may impact immigrant and minority communities.

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Hovey, Joseph D. "Religion and Suicidal Ideation in a Sample of Latin American Immigrants". Psychological Reports 85, n.º 1 (agosto de 1999): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.85.1.171.

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The present study explored the association of measures of religious activities and suicidal ideation in a sample of adult Latin American immigrants (145 women, 56 men). No relationship was found between religious affiliation and suicidal ideation. Self-perception of religiosity, influence of religion, and church attendance were significantly negatively associated with suicidal ideation. A multiple regression analysis showed that influence of religion was a significant predictor of suicidal ideation. The present findings lend empirical support to the notion that high religiosity may play a protective role against suicide.

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Xiao, Sanrong, Ranran Liu, Kang Yao y Ting Wang. "Psychosocial Predictors of Acculturative Stress among Female and Male Immigrant Asian Americans: A Gender Comparison Study". SHS Web of Conferences 60 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196001004.

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The purpose of this study was to examine whether gender differences existed and how the predictors were linked to acculturative stress across gender among a national sample of 1639 immigrant Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese, and other Asian Americans. The data were from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS) conducted in 2002 and 2003, the first national epidemiological household survey of Asian Americans in the United States. The participants took part in face-to-face interviews, which were conducted with computer-assisted interviewing software in Mandarin, Cantonese, Tagalog, Vietnamese, and English. After fitted bivariate correlations to examine the relationships between acculturative stress and psychosocial variables, data were analyzed using two multiple regressions to identify the most significant predictors of acculturative stress for men and women separately. Results indicated that the psychosocial predictors of acculturative stress varied with gender status. For all men and women, longer years in the U.S., higher English proficiency, and less perceived discrimination predicted related to less acculturative stress. Social network was not the predictor for both men and women. Age of immigration, marital status, family cohesion and social position were additional significant predictors of acculturative stress only for men, but not for women. The implications of these results were discussed.

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Domínguez, Silvia y Amy Lubitow. "Transnational Ties, Poverty, and Identity: Latin American Immigrant Women in Public Housing*". Family Relations 57, n.º 4 (octubre de 2008): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2008.00511.x.

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Espin, Oliva M. "Psychological Impact of Migration on Latinas: Implications for Psychotherapeutic Practice". Psychology of Women Quarterly 11, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1987): 489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1987.tb00920.x.

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This paper examines the psychological implications of the migratory process on Latin American women in the United States, addressing issues of gender roles, acculturation, language, loss, and grief that are frequently presented by immigrant Latinas in psychotherapy. The paper interprets these issues as reflective of the stresses created by the migratory process rather than as issues of individual psychopathology, and suggests ways to respond to them through psychotherapy.

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Ramos-Zayas, Ana Y. "‘Sovereign Parenting’ in Affluent Latin American Neighbourhoods: Race and the Politics of Childcare in Ipanema (Brazil) and El Condado (Puerto Rico)". Journal of Latin American Studies 51, n.º 03 (4 de febrero de 2019): 639–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x18001074.

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AbstractDrawing on ethnographic research conducted among parents living in the affluent neighbourhoods of Ipanema, Brazil, and El Condado, Puerto Rico, I examine how urban Latin American elites deployed their parenting practices as moral justification for their racial and class privilege (what I call ‘sovereign parenting’). One way in which they do this is by producing particular forms of affective relationships with their nannies. The women these upper-class parents hired were largely dark-skinned immigrants: from the Dominican Republic, to work in El Condado, and from the Brazilian Northeast, to work in Ipanema. I demonstrate how elites cultivated a form of ‘informality’ and expressions of care in relation to childcare workers in ways that not only produced whiteness as a pillar of Latin American liberalism, but also associated whiteness with the world of interiority and personal growth.

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Caldera, Altheria, Sana Rizvi, Freyca Calderon-Berumen y Monica Lugo. "When Researching the “Other” Intersects with the Self". Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 9, n.º 1 (2020): 63–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2020.9.1.63.

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Although the field of critical qualitative inquiry is saturated with literature on methodologies and theoretical orientations, there is less scholarship that explores the dynamics that prevail when women of color conduct critical qualitative inquiry with participants who share their identities. Using scholarly personal narrative (SNP), our project examines the intricacies of kinship found between women of color researchers and their research participants. More specifically, this article presents narratives of an African American scholar, a British Pakistani immigrant scholar, and two Latina (Mexican) immigrant scholars who explore dilemmas and rewards that surfaced in our research within our individual communities.

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Rote, Sunshine y Jaqueline L. Angel. "MIDLIFE FACTORS, GENDER, AND MIGRATION ARE KEY PREDICTORS OF COGNITIVE HEALTH IN LATE LIFE". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (noviembre de 2019): S65—S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.253.

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Abstract Older Latinos are at 1.5 times greater risk for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias than non-Latino Whites (Wu et al., 2018) and there is evidence of high levels of cognitive impairment, dementia, and dementia-related neuropsychiatric symptoms among older Mexican Americans in particular (Rote et al., 2015). We use data from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (HEPESE, 1993/94- 2010/11, N=2,665), a national study of Mexican American 65 years and older residing in the southwestern U.S. Older adults who were in the paid labor force, except for those who worked in the agricultural sector, exhibit lower risk for cognitive impairment. The results hold for both women and men. For family size, number of children is associated with greater risk for cognitive impairment and this is especially evident among women and immigrant men. Midlife factors, gender, and migration are key predictors of cognitive health in late life.

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Villatoro, Alice P., Vickie M. Mays, Ninez A. Ponce y Carol S. Aneshensel. "Perceived Need for Mental Health Care: The Intersection of Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status". Society and Mental Health 8, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156869317718889.

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Racial/ethnic minority populations underutilize mental health services, even relative to psychiatric disorder, and differences in perceived need may contribute to these disparities. Using the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys, we assessed how the intersections of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status affect perceived need. We analyzed a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (18years or older; N= 14,906), including non-Latino whites, Asian Americans, Latinos, African Americans, and Afro-Caribbeans. Logistic regressions were estimated for the total sample, a clinical need subsample (meets lifetime diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric disorder), and a no disorder subsample. Perceived need varies by gender and nativity, but these patterns are conditional on race/ethnicity. Men are less likely than women to have a perceived need, but only among non-Latino whites and African Americans. Foreign-born immigrants have lower perceived need than U.S.-born persons, but only among Asian Americans. Intersectional approaches to understanding perceived need may help uncover social processes that lead to disparities in mental health care.

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Bueno, Xiana y Elena Vidal-Coso. "Vulnerability of Latin American Migrant Families Headed by Women in Spain During the Great Recession: A Couple-Level Analysis". Journal of Family Issues 40, n.º 1 (12 de octubre de 2018): 111–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x18804584.

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One of the outcomes of the Great Recession has been the emerging pattern of households maintained exclusively by women. The analysis of intracouple characteristics is crucial in the context of job segregation by gender and by immigrant origin, such as in Spain. Using the panel version of the Spanish Labor Force Survey from 2008 to 2015, we analyze the transition of dual-earner couples to female-earner couples among Latin American and Spanish-born households. Our results suggest that migrant vulnerability is not only a consequence of a segregated labor market by gender and origin but is also the result of the partners’ relative occupational and family characteristics. We show that, unlike Spanish-born couples, the risk of Latin American families becoming female-headed is higher for those couples in which the female partner has the weakest position in the occupational scale and for those with children in the household.

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Ramos Salas, Ximena, Kim Raine, Helen Vallianatos y John C. Spence. "Socio-Cultural Determinants of Physical Activity among Latin American Immigrant Women in Alberta, Canada". Journal of International Migration and Integration 17, n.º 4 (11 de septiembre de 2015): 1231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-015-0460-y.

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Durrance, Richard Jesse, Tofura Ullah, Zulekha Atif, William Frumkin y Kaushik Doshi. "Chagas Cardiomyopathy Presenting as Symptomatic Bradycardia: An Underappreciated Emerging Public Health Problem in the United States". Case Reports in Cardiology 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5728742.

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Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCM) is traditionally considered a disease restricted to areas of endemicity. However, an estimated 300,000 people living in the United States today have CCM, of which its majority is undiagnosed. We present a case of CCM acquired in an endemic area and detected in its early stage. A 42-year-old El Salvadoran woman presented with recurrent chest pain and syncopal episodes. Significant family history includes a sister in El Salvador who also began suffering similar episodes. Physical exam and ancillary studies were only remarkable for sinus bradycardia. The patient was diagnosed with symptomatic sinus bradycardia and a pacemaker was placed. During her hospital course, Chagas serology was ordered given the epidemiological context from which she came. With no other identifiable cause, CCM was the suspected etiology. This case highlights the underrecognized presence of Chagas in the United States and the economic and public health importance of its consideration in the etiological differential diagnosis of electrocardiographic changes among Latin American immigrants. While the United States is not considered an endemic area for Chagas disease, the influx of Latin American immigrants has created a new challenge to identify at-risk populations, diagnose suspected cases, and provide adequate treatment for this disease.

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Viruell-Fuentes, Edna A. "“IT'S A LOT OF WORK”". Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 8, n.º 1 (2011): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x11000117.

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AbstractExplanations for immigrant and Latino health outcomes often invoke culture through the use of the concept of acculturation. The use of acculturation models in health research has been, however, the topic of growing debate. Critics of acculturation-based explanations point out that despite the growing psychometric sophistication in measuring acculturation, the concept and its underlying assumptions remain flawed. Specifically, questions regarding how Mexicans experience and make sense of the ethnoracial structure of the United States and how racialization processes impact health and well-being remain largely ignored within acculturation-based models. By examining the processes Mexican women engage in as they construct ethnic identities within a stigmatizing social environment in the United States, this paper contributes answers to these questions. Based on a qualitative analysis of forty in-depth interviews conducted with first-generation Mexican immigrant women and second-generation Mexican American women in Detroit, this paper describes how Mexican women work through the tensions and complexities embedded in the process of constructing a sense of ethnic belonging while, at the same time, confronting and resisting racial stereotypes of Mexicans in the United States. Women's narratives suggest that the stress involved in negotiating ethnic identities under stigmatizing environments might be one of the ways in which living in a racialized society affects health outcomes. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for Latino and immigrant health.

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Vaccaro, Annemarie, Holly J. Swanson, Melissa Ann Marcotte y Barbara M. Newman. "Insights into the Sense of Belonging from Women of Color: Interconnections of Cultural Competence, Expectations, Institutional Diversity, and Counterspaces". JCSCORE 5, n.º 2 (11 de diciembre de 2019): 32–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2642-2387.2019.5.2.32-65.

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Belonging has been described as a basic human need (Strayhorn, 2012) associated with academic success. Yet, research suggests that students from minoritized social identity groups report a lower sense of belonging than their privileged peers. Data collected via a grounded theory study offer qualitative insight into the development of belonging for Women of Color during their first semester at a predominately white university. In this paper, we use the term Women of Color, as described by Mohanty (1991) to refer to the “sociopolitical designation for [women] of African, Caribbean, Asian and Latin American descent, and Native peoples of the U.S. [and]… new immigrants to the U.S.” (p. 7). Rich student narratives reveal previously undocumented interconnections among the development of a sense of belonging, cultural competency, unmet expectations, lack of compositional and structural diversity, and campus counterspaces.

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Scarinci, Isabel C., Isabel C. Garcés-Palacio y Edward E. Partridge. "An Examination of Acceptability of HPV Vaccination among African American Women and Latina Immigrants". Journal of Women's Health 16, n.º 8 (octubre de 2007): 1224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2006.0175.

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Lakshmin, Pooja, Veronica Slootsky, Peter B. Polatin y James L. Griffith. "Testimonial Psychotherapy in Immigrant Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Case Series". Transcultural Psychiatry 55, n.º 5 (24 de mayo de 2018): 585–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461518777146.

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Testimonial psychotherapy is a therapeutic ritual for facilitating the recovery of survivors of human rights violations that focuses on sharing the trauma narrative. Originally developed in Chile as a method for collecting evidence during legal proceedings, testimonial therapy has been widely applied transculturally as a unique treatment modality for populations that are not amenable to traditional Western psychotherapy. In this case report, we first review the literature on testimonial therapy to this date. We go on to describe how testimonial therapy has been specifically adapted to facilitate recovery for immigrant survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). We present three Latin American women who underwent testimonial psychotherapy while receiving psychiatric treatment at a Northern Virginia community clinic affiliated with the George Washington University. The therapy consisted of guided trauma narrative sessions and a Latin- American Catholic inspired reverential ceremony in a Spanish-speaking women's domestic violence group. In this case series we provide excerpts from the women's testimony and feedback from physicians who observed the ceremony. We found that testimonial psychotherapy was accepted by our three IPV survivors and logistically feasible in a small community clinic. We conceptualize testimonial psychotherapy as a humanistic therapy that focuses on strengthening the person. Our case report suggests testimonial psychotherapy as a useful adjunct to formal psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress symptoms.

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Gracia, Enrique, Juan Herrero, Asur Fuente y Marisol Lila. "Neighborhood Social Disorder and Attitudes Toward Partner Violence Against Women: Evidence from Latin-American Immigrants in Spain". Open Sociology Journal 1, n.º 1 (13 de junio de 2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874946100801010001.

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Sanchón-Macias, Mª Visitación, Andreu Bover-Bover, Dolores Prieto-Salceda, María Paz-Zulueta, Blanca Torres y Denise Gastaldo. "Determinants of Subjective Social Status and Health Among Latin American Women Immigrants in Spain: A Qualitative Approach". Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 18, n.º 2 (27 de marzo de 2015): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-015-0197-x.

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Ochoa, Sandra Catalina y John Sampalis. "Risk perception and vulnerability to STIs and HIV/AIDS among immigrant Latin-American women in Canada". Culture, Health & Sexuality 16, n.º 4 (4 de abril de 2014): 412–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2014.884632.

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Terriquez, Veronica y Ruth Milkman. "Immigrant and Refugee Youth Organizing in Solidarity With the Movement for Black Lives". Gender & Society 35, n.º 4 (14 de julio de 2021): 577–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08912432211029396.

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In recent years, politically active Latinx and Asian American Pacific Islander youth have addressed anti-Black racism within their own immigrant and refugee communities, engaged in protests against police violence, and expressed support for #SAYHERNAME. Reflecting the broader patterns of a new political generation and of progressive social movement leadership, women and nonbinary youth have disproportionately committed to inclusive fights for racial justice. In this essay, through two biographical examples, we highlight the role of grassroots youth organizing groups in training their diverse young members to become effective allies, introducing them to intersectional frameworks that motivate solidarity across racial and ethnic boundaries.

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Zapata Sepúlveda, Pamela. "THE INTERPRETATIVE AUTOETHNOGRAPHY AS A QUALITATIVE METHODOLOGY TO HUMANIZE SOCIAL RESEARCH IN LATIN AMERICAN TRANSBOUNDARY CONTEXTS". Enfermería: Cuidados Humanizados 6, Especial (27 de octubre de 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22235/ech.v6iespecial.1452.

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This paper aims to connect the present moment of contemporary Qualitative Inquiry with the Latin American qualitative inquiry audience from an interdisciplinary approach. In order to do so, the main statements that place the QI in present times will be presented, specifically the tradition of interpretative autoethnography understood as a form of critical research that seeks to sensitize, to evoke and to transform realities through experimental writing as a way of investigating. This methodology, widely used in research projects in English speaking countries to address injustices and problems that affect the lives of voiceless people, allows to relay knowledge from the self, the ethno, to the social. In this paper, a bibliographical review about the method is conducted and addresses an example taken from field work experience in the project Fondecyt regular Nº 1160869 "Relationships and social interactions of children of immigrants and Chilean children in the schools of Arica". The applications and contributions of this methodology for social research are discussed through the voice of a Latin American woman who develops her research line from a border region, and how these methodologies can address the caretaking of the participants of the study.

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Eguizabal, Orbelina. "Spiritual Formation of Believers among Latino Protestant Churches in the United States". Christian Education Journal: Research on Educational Ministry 15, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2018): 422–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739891318804829.

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Latinos have been in the United States for many centuries. Gradually they have made their presence more known, but it has been only in the last five decades that Latinos have experienced a conspicuous growth. As the Latino population grows in the country, the percentage of Latino Protestants grows, too. Latinos are very diverse as they represent a variety of ethnicities, cultural identities, religious identities, age dynamics, social classes, levels of acculturation citizenship or legal status. Latinos express their faith and religious commitment in different ways, including attending church, involvement in religious activities, reading the Bible, praying, evangelizing, and having a sense of mission, among others. Most Latino churches are giving attention to the spiritual formation of their churches’ members and are following strategies that work in their context. Some of them include Sunday worship service, Sunday school, Bible study, prayer, discipleship, cell groups, youth, women and men groups, evangelism and leadership training. Predominantly white American churches need to reevaluate what they have been doing with Latinos, keeping in mind that Latinos are very diverse, that they do not represent just recent immigrants to the US, as well as their religious commitment and sense of mission. The growth of Latino Protestants in the US conveys educational ministry implications for Anglo-American churches and other institutions of theological education.

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Bonizzoni, P. "Immigrant Working Mothers Reconciling Work and Childcare: the Experience of Latin American and Eastern European Women in Milan". Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society 21, n.º 2 (17 de febrero de 2014): 194–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxu008.

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Zullo, Roland. "The Evolving Demographics of the Union Movement". Labor Studies Journal 37, n.º 2 (junio de 2012): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x12450320.

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Trend analyses indicate that the union movement is becoming less white and more female. In this research, the author examines the transitions of persons in and out of the union movement in order to understand whether diversification is due to behavior or structure. Results indicate that African Americans transitioned comparatively faster than others from nonunion to union employment, even after controlling for industry and occupation. Latina/os also display evidence of an above-average preference for union representation, with transitions into unions suppressed by immigrant status. For women, the growing demographic numbers appear to be due to the relative stability of the industry or occupation in which persons are employed. In general, the findings for part-time workers, education, and annual trends point to an increasingly challenging environment for unionizing over the decade.

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Ariza, Marina. "Continuidades y discontinuidades en la experiencia laboral de mexicanas y dominicanas en Estados Unidos / Continuities and discontinuities in the work experience of Mexican and Dominican women in the United States". Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 31, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2016): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v31i2.1589.

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En este artículo se contrastan las experiencias laborales de dos grupos de inmigrantes latinoamericanas (mexicanas y dominicanas) en dos subsectores de los servicios reproductivos en el hogar (servicio doméstico y de cuidado). Al hacerlo se destacan los factores socioinstitucionales y sociodemográficos que enmarcan la experiencia laboral. La precariedad en las condiciones de trabajo –sancionada en la institucionalidad del régimen laboral– y la especificidad del espacio doméstico como ámbito laboral son los factores que mayor continuidad otorgan a las vivencias de las inmigrantes. Las disimilitudes provienen de la interrelación entre el estatus migratorio y el régimen laboral en virtud del distinto papel que juegan estos dos flujos migratorios en el contexto de la migración latinoamericana a Estados Unidos, de ciertos rasgos sociodemográficos de las sociedades de origen, y del sentido que subjetivamente atribuyen a la actividad.AbstractThis paper contrasts the work experiences of two groups of Latin American immigrant women (Mexicans and Dominicans) in two subsectors of reproductive services in the home (domestic work and care). It highlights the socio-institutional and socio-demographic factors framing the experience. Precarious working conditions, sanctioned by the institutionality of the labor-regime and the domestic sphere as a workplace, are the factors that lend the greatest continuity to these experiences. The dissimilarities are derived from the interplay between immigration status and labor regime due to the different roles played by these two migratory flows in the context of Latin American migration to the United States, certain socio-demographic traits of the societies of origin, and the differential subjective meaning attributed to such activities.

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Kolliker-Frers, Rodolfo A., Ivan Insua, Gabriela Razzitte y Francisco Capani. "Chagas disease prevalence in pregnant women: migration and risk of congenital transmission". Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, n.º 09 (30 de septiembre de 2016): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7118.

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Introduction: Argentina has been a preferential target for Bolivian immigrants for decades. The relatively recent migratory flux includes Germany, France, the United States, Australia, Japan, and some Latin American countries. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the prevalence of Chagas disease in pregnant women, analyzing the Bolivian-specific Chagas prevalence as the main contributor of migratory populations from Chagas disease-endemic areas to Buenos Aires city, Argentina, and to evaluate the impact of these migrant influxes on the process of the "urbanization" of the disease in reference hospital José Maria Ramos Mejia (JMRM). Methodology: Overall, 21,332 pregnant women (100%) between 15 and 49 years of age derived from the public maternity service of JMRMH were studied. Serology data was obtained from registered serological diagnosis data, consisting of three different serological tests performed at the Public Parasitology Unit. Results: Although general prevalence decreased during the analyzed period, the specific prevalence of pregnant women from Bolivian origin showed a sustained growth during 1983–2013. Solely 5% of the total pregnant women population from Bolivia contributed to one third of the total Chagas prevalence. Conclusions: This study showed that a cohort of pregnant women from Bolivia who attended JMRMH during the period 1983–2007 constituted a population at risk for congenital transmission. Increased migration from endemic areas of Bolivia might potentially increase the prevalence of Chagas disease among pregnant women. In addition, this study highlights the importance to analyze specific prevalence according to endemic areas to determine the profiles of potential hidden prevalence.

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Vergara-Perucich, José-Francisco y Martín Arias-Loyola. "Bread for advancing the right to the city: academia, grassroots groups and the first cooperative bakery in a Chilean informal settlement". Environment and Urbanization 31, n.º 2 (15 de septiembre de 2019): 533–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247819866156.

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This article describes the creation of a cooperative bakery whose significance is fourfold: (1) it is the first located inside a Chilean campamento (informal settlement); (2) it was organized and managed by inhabitants, mostly Latin American immigrant women; (3) its implementation faced diverse conflicts that serve as lessons for similar experiences; and (4) it provides evidence from the field about strategies for advancing the right to the city agenda. The bakery was conceived by the community as a strategy to control the means of production. The study used a critical research approach, whereby researchers assumed an active role in the community processes around the formation of the cooperative. The article discusses the potential of cooperative socioeconomic organization as a path to developing community autonomy. It presents the Rayito de Sol bakery with its highs and lows, and reflects on the results of the project as a spatial, social and political approach to the relationship between academic communities and public institutions.

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Malhotra, Sanchi, Imran Masood, Noberto Giglio, Jay Pruetz y Pia Pannaraj. "#60: Knowledge of Diagnosis and Management of Chagas-related Heart Disease Among Pediatric Cardiologists in the United States". Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 10, Supplement_1 (1 de marzo de 2021): S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa170.066.

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Abstract Background Chagas disease is a highly pathogenic infection with a prevalence of approximately 5.7 million cases worldwide and greater than 300,000 cases in the United States. Up to 40% of immigrants to the United States are from highly endemic Latin American countries. An estimated 40,000 women of childbearing age in the United States are infected, with a 1–5% risk of vertical transmission. The impact of this disease is extensive, often life-long, and difficult to eradicate. The purpose of our study was to better understand current knowledge and experience among pediatric cardiologists in the United States with the cardiac presentations of Chagas disease to determine where to focus educational programs and critical content. Methods We prospectively disseminated a 19-question survey to pediatric cardiologists via the PediHeart, WSOPC, and Pediatric CHF listservs three times between September and November 2019. The survey included demographic, multiple-choice and Likert-scale questions. We used Qualtrics to ensure anonymity. Respondents outside of the United States were excluded. Results Of 140 responses received, 120 cardiologists treated pediatric patients in the United States. Over half (62.5%) of respondents served a >10% Latin American patient population. Most providers (87%) had not seen a case of Chagas disease in their practice; however, most (72%) also had never tested for Chagas. In response to the statement: “I feel comfortable recognizing cardiac presentations of Chagas disease in children”, (85%) of respondents disagreed. Most respondents selected that they would not include Chagas on their differential diagnosis for cardiac presentations that included conduction anomalies, myocarditis, and/or apical aneurysms (Figure 1). However, when considering patients who recently immigrated from Latin American nations, inclusion of Chagas in the differential diagnosis increased. In response to the statement: “If I was offered a lecture on Chagas-related heart disease, I would be likely to attend,” 87% of respondents agreed. Conclusions In our sample of pediatric cardiologists, very few had seen cases of Chagas disease, albeit very few tested for it or included it in their differential diagnosis. However, most individuals agreed that education on Chagas disease would be worth-while. Education could help ensure these cases are not missed in pediatrics. Future analysis should focus on changes in provider knowledge and/or testing as the incidence grows, or as educational programs are implemented.

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Luque, John S., Heide Castañeda, Dinorah Martinez Tyson, Natalia Vargas, Sara Proctor y Cathy D. Meade. "HPV AWARENESS AMONG LATINA IMMIGRANTS AND ANGLO-AMERICAN WOMEN IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES: CULTURAL MODELS OF CERVICAL CANCER RISK FACTORS AND BELIEFS". NAPA Bulletin 34, n.º 1 (noviembre de 2010): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4797.2010.01053.x.

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De Fina, Anna. "Positioning level 3". Narrative Inquiry 23, n.º 1 (12 de diciembre de 2013): 40–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.23.1.03de.

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In this article I discuss the positive impact of the concept of positioning on identity studies, with particular reference to the analysis of narratives. I argue that the notion of positioning (particularly as developed in Bamberg’s 1997 three levels model), together with other constructs such as indexicality, has helped enormously in bridging the gap (particularly in interview based research) between interactionally-oriented and more traditionally oriented studies of narrative identities. I focus on level 3 positioning to argue that this construct allows for an approach to the construction of identity in discourse that occupies a middle ground between talk-in-interaction approaches that center exclusively on participant orientations at the local level and approaches that regard identity as basically determined by macro social processes and only manifested in discourse. To illustrate level 3 positioning I analyze a narrative taken from a corpus of stories of language conflict told by Latin American immigrant women to the US. I show that the narrator constructs her identity in relation to Discourses and ideologies about language and migration showing that interpretation of her positioning is based on close analysis of discourse at the local level, ethnographic data and understanding of macro social processes underlying power relations.

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