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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Law of the safeties"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 1 de febrero de 2022

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1

Iroshnikov, Denis Vladimirovich. "Theoretical problems of legal definition of transport safety and adjacent categories". Вопросы безопасности, n.º 1 (enero de 2020): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2020.1.31878.

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 This article carries out an in-depth scientific analysis of such legal concepts as “transport safety” and “safety of the transport system”, as well as sectoral concepts by type of transport “road-traffic safety”, “navigational safety” and “aviation safety”. The indicated types of safety are viewed based on such criteria and an object of protection, source of threat, as well as cross-system ties with other types of safety. The research demonstrates the vast differences between the objects of protection and sources of threats in these concepts. The methodology of this work consists in the method of formal logics, which allowed determining logical contradictions in the conceptual-categorical apparatus of transport safety, as well as systemic method for conducting systemic analysis of these types of safeties. The author makes a conclusion that the Federal Law “On Transport Safety” underlies anti-terrorism legislation, and is aimed only at combating acts of illegal intrusion into functionality of the transport system. Therefore, the legal definition of transport safety is also severely narrowed and includes one aspect from the multifaceted transport safety.

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2

Enoch, David y Levi Spectre. "SENSITIVITY, SAFETY, AND THE LAW: A REPLY TO PARDO". Legal Theory 25, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2019): 178–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325219000120.

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ABSTRACTIn a recent paper, Michael Pardo argues that the epistemic property that is legally relevant is the one called Safety, rather than Sensitivity. In the process, he argues against our Sensitivity-related account of statistical evidence. Here we revisit these issues, partly in order to respond to Pardo, and partly in order to make general claims about legal epistemology. We clarify our account, we show how it adequately deals with counterexamples and other worries, we raise suspicions about Safety's value here, and we revisit our general skepticism about the role that epistemological considerations should play in determining legal policy.

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3

Waterson, Patrick. "A tale of two safeties". Policy and Practice in Health and Safety 16, n.º 1 (2 de enero de 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14773996.2018.1477549.

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4

Penders, Bart. "Cool and Safe". Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 31, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2011): 472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0270467611422836.

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This article presents the making of a safe innovation: the application of ice structuring protein (ISP) in edible ices. It argues that safety is not the absence of risk but is an active accomplishment; innovations are not made safe afterward but safe innovations are made. Furthermore, there are multiple safeties to be accomplished in the innovation process. These are financial, public, scientific, and regulatory safety. The negotiations between these safeties determine the material and labeling characteristics of what ISP has become. Not just laboratory researchers but experts from various parts of Unilever, the corporation that produces ISP, participate in accomplishing safety. The safeties they make, interact, overlap, are occasionally in conflict with one another, and continuously connect to outside actors.

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5

Cao, Wenli, Zimei Ding, Xiaojing Hang, Kangzhen Xu, Jirong Song, Jie Huang y Jiajia Guo. "Theoretical study of a series of 4,4′-azo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one based nitrogen-rich salts as potential energetic compounds". RSC Advances 8, n.º 42 (2018): 23805–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra13424j.

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The structural, physicochemical parameters, detonation performances and safeties of 4,4′-azo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and its nitrogen-rich salts were investigated theoretically, and these compounds may serve as modern energetic compounds.

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6

Finch, Peter D. "The Comparability of Relative Safeties from Different Studies". Biometrics 46, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1990): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2532458.

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7

Paradis, Paul y Hal W. Hendrick. "Accidental Shootings: Gun Design and Training Issues". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 45, n.º 11 (octubre de 2001): 823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120104501102.

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Ergonomic issues related to gun design are described, with particular attention to trigger design and forces, safeties, and grip size. Problems with the current design of courses and instruction in handgun use are reviewed. Gun design and training issues are illustrated using three actual cases of accidental shootings. The need for human factors professionals to become involved in improving handgun design, handgun training, and in forensic activities related to shooting accidents, is emphasized.

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8

McKercher, Bob y Sau Lai Lui. "The Nine Safeties: How Inexperienced Tourists Manage the Strangeness of China". Journal of China Tourism Research 9, n.º 4 (octubre de 2013): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2013.839408.

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9

SZCZEPANIAK, Marcin, Wiesław JASIŃSKI, Wiesław MADEJ, Andrzej WOJCIECHOWSKI, Piotr KRYSIAK y Janusz ŚLIWIŃSKI. "Armoured Fighting Vehicle Destruction System". Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 10, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2019): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0802.

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The paper presents a system that is a worldwide-unique means designed for building engineering barriers, fitting into the quasi-intelligent battlefield concept. The weapons employed are an innovative solution that integrates acoustic, seismic, thermal and laser scanner sensors into a single quasi-intelligent decision-making system. The system enables deploying a minefield section which, after deactivating 1st and 2nd degree safeties, operate autonomously, selecting targets and eliminating them with an explosively formed projectile. The paper presents the concept of the system's design and results of tests of individual elements.

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10

Li, Rui y Zhi Peng Ge. "Intersection Safety Evaluation Model Based on Traffic Conflict and Accident Data". Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (diciembre de 2014): 3320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.3320.

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The severity of accidents can show the dangerous of intersections directly, however, the safety of intersections which have not accident data could not be evaluated easily. This paper introduced “Intersection Dangerous Parameter (IDP)” model to quantify intersections’ safety. Because IDP is calculated based on Intersection Conflict Dangerous Parameter (ICDP) and Intersection Accident Dangerous Parameter (IADP), IDP model can help to evaluate the safety of intersections which have not accident data. Rely on Chinese and American data, IDP model is calibrated and the safeties of three type intersections are evaluated using this method.

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11

Mo, Qiu Yun y Feng Gao. "A Study on Heart Load Affected by Industrial Noise". Advanced Materials Research 179-180 (enero de 2011): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.179-180.549.

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This paper demonstrates a method and its implementation on workers’ heart load affected by industry noise, and, to develop a related data processing system. Heart rate variability (HRV) is used as an assessment index. The affected regulation of human’s heart is obtained by large number of noise experiments. This method emphasizes the human heart load among the all factors of labor safeties, the noise influence discipline can be debated scientifically from both engineering physiology and psychology. The results show when to control the industrial noise it is much important to control the ingredient of noise main frequency not the audio-level.

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12

HARA, YOSHIKUNI. "Effects and safeties of denopamine combination therapy for mild and moderate cardiac insufficiency." Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 29, n.º 1/2 (1998): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3999/jscpt.29.273.

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13

Chiu, Hwa-Yen, Liang-Yu Lin, Wen-Chi Chou, Wen-Liang Fang, Yi-Ming Shyr, Yi-Chen Yeh, Peter Mu-Hsin Chang et al. "Toxicities, safeties and clinical response of dacarbazine-based chemotherapy on neuroendocrine tumors in Taiwan population". Journal of the Chinese Medical Association 81, n.º 5 (mayo de 2018): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcma.2017.08.020.

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14

Zhang, De Bao, Wen Qing Huang, Zhong Wei Li y Lei Zhang. "The Application of Image Enhancement Technology in Ammunition Fuze Safety Detector". Advanced Materials Research 940 (junio de 2014): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.940.513.

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Aiming to the traditional detection mode can’t do the real-time detection of fixed ammunition fuze, nor discover the fuze arming in time ,thus, cause the ammunition explosion and the damage to the texting personnel on the scene. Put the Image enhancement technology into the safety detection, with image smoothing processing ,sharpening processing, Histogram modification and other technologies, enhanced the detection images of Fuze safety’s X-ray; then, it realized the visualization of the safety detection by computer image processing, with the application of the Real-time remote detection through LAN, improved the detection’s accuracy and efficiency, ensured the timeliness and safety of the detection.

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15

Zhang, Yue y Mi Zhou. "The Finite Element Analysis of South Cap Excavation of Left Branching of Ma on Shan Yangtze River Highway Bridge". Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (mayo de 2011): 4207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.4207.

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South pile foundation of Ma On Shan Yangtze River Highway Bridge is big, deep, soft soil, groundwater rich. In order to guarantee the safeties of the foundation, its foundation pit supporting schemes are compared, selected and calculated, finally lock mouth steel pipe support is selected as the design and construction scheme. The three-dimensional simulation analysis of the scheme is calculated by using MIDAS software, simulated four construction condition is presented, and stress and deformation results of retaining structure on various operating conditions is obtained. The calculation results show that the palisade structure basic satisfies the requirements of caps excavation and caps concrete construction. The results of construction show that the construction method, model and parameters used in this paper are basic right, the reasonableness of Supporting is confirmed and for the similar large foundation pit construction provides useful reference.

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16

ARAI, Yuki y Satoshi KAGAMI. "2A2-F04 A study of map cost information in path planning that safeties both spee and safety". Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2009 (2009): _2A2—F04_1—_2A2—F04_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2009._2a2-f04_1.

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17

Zheng, Wenfeng, Xiaolu Li, Lirong Yin, Zhengtong Yin, Bo Yang, Shan Liu, Lihong Song, Yu Zhou y Yanhong Li. "Wavelet analysis of the temporal-spatial distribution in the Eurasia seismic belt". International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 15, n.º 03 (10 de enero de 2017): 1750018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691317500187.

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Due to the growing frequency of earthquakes, safeties of human lives and properties are facing serious threats. However, the research in the field of spatial-temporal distribution of earthquake is quite a few. In this paper, we use wavelet model to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of earthquakes. Because the spatial-temporal distribution of earthquake activity is closely related to the distribution of the earthquake fault zone, we analyze large-scale earthquake clusters by selecting the Eurasia seismic belt and the surrounding region as the research area. From the perspective of the time domain, the results show that the seismic energy of the earthquake fault zone presences compact support or similar compact support distribution, suggesting that the seismic zone exists a relatively quiet period and active stage. This indicate that the seismic zone is periodical. The period of strong earthquakes above normal and less than normal is different by time changes. The cycles of earthquakes are different due to different regions and different geological and geographical environment.

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18

Ashraf, Muhammad Imran y Fariha Ahmad Hashmi. "Ideological Underpinnings for Pakistan (1947 onwards)". Global Pakistan Studies Research Review III, n.º I (30 de diciembre de 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsrr.2020(iii-i).01.

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Starting with Islam to base the framework and working of a nation state andthen leading the state based on varying interpretations of the same ideology (Islam) including liberal interpretations, socialism, sharia, moderate version of it- Pakistan is one of those states which have been basing itsnational narrative on ideology. Ideology thus brought more challenges than achieving national objectives and national interests. Additionally, ideological underpinnings and its various indices made it easy for political elite to further their schema and safeties and get peoples backing as legitimacy for their vested political interests. This respective paper anticipates to analyze this very attitude of political elite as they counted on and exploited ideological beliefs of masses along with manipulating their belief for own peculiar interests and get backing for their flawed domestic and foreign policies. Furthermore, this paper aims at assessing how political elite managed to fragment the social and political fabric with their vague reliance on ideological indexes, thus fetching national security challenges.

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19

ISHII, MASAO. "Effect of long term dose of ACE inhibitors, lisinopril, and large-scale phase IV study results on safeties." Rinsho yakuri/Japanese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 29, n.º 1/2 (1998): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3999/jscpt.29.315.

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20

Roord, J. J., B. H. Wolf, M. M. Gossens y J. L. Kimpen. "Prospective open randomized study comparing efficacies and safeties of a 3-day course of azithromycin and a 10-day course of erythromycin in children with community-acquired acute lower respiratory tract infections." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 40, n.º 12 (diciembre de 1996): 2765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.40.12.2765.

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The efficacies and safeties of a 3-day, 3-dose course of azithromycin (10 mg/kg of body weight per day) and a 10-day, 30-dose course of erythromycin (40 mg/kg/day) for the treatment of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children were compared in an open randomized multicenter study. Sixty-eight of 85 evaluable patients (80%) had radiologically proven pneumonia, and 20% had bronchitis. Treatment success defined as cure or major improvement was achieved in 42 of 45 (93%) azithromycin recipients versus 36 of 40 (90%) erythromycin recipients. Adverse events were reported in 12 of 45 and 6 of 40 of the patients treated with azithromycin and erythromycin, respectively, a difference which was not statistically significant. In conclusion, a 3-day course of azithromycin is as effective as a 10-day course of erythromycin in the treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in children, with comparable safety and acceptability profiles. This shorter treatment course might have a beneficial effect on compliance, especially in the pediatric age group.

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21

Lim, Suhyun, Iwah Jeong, Jonghyeok Cho, Chaewon Shin, Kwan-Il Kim, Bum-Sang Shim, Seong-Gyu Ko y Bonglee Kim. "The Natural Products Targeting on Allergic Rhinitis: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery". Antioxidants 10, n.º 10 (26 de septiembre de 2021): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101524.

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More than 500 million people suffer from allergic rhinitis (AR) in the world. Current treatments include oral antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids; however, they often cause side effects and are unsuitable for long-term exposure. Natural products could work as a feasible alternative, and this study aimed to review the efficacies and mechanisms of natural substances in AR therapies by examining previous literature. Fifty-seven studies were collected and classified into plants, fungi, and minerals decoction; clinical trials were organized separately. The majority of the natural products showed their efficacies by two mechanisms: anti-inflammation regulating diverse mediators and anti-oxidation controlling the activity of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) pathway stimulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The main AR factors modified by natural products included interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2). Although further studies are required to verify their efficacies and safeties, natural products can significantly contribute to the treatment of AR.

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22

Atatah, Park E. y Catherine W. Kisavi-Atatah. "The Impacts of Oilfield-Related Booms and the Overall Safeties Implications in Houston Harris County, Texas and Surrounding Areas!" Open Journal of Social Sciences 03, n.º 12 (2015): 100–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2015.312011.

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23

Lee, Sang-Young, Seok Koo Kim y Soonho Ahn. "Nano-encapsulation of LiCoO2 cathodes by a novel polymer electrolyte and its influence on thermal safeties of Li-ion batteries". Electrochemistry Communications 10, n.º 1 (enero de 2008): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2007.11.011.

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24

HOFFMANN, Tomasz. "POLAND AND HER RELATION TO THE EUROPEAN FOREIGN COMMON POLICY AND THE DEFENCE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION". Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 161, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2011): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.3037.

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Together with the effect of the Treaty with Maastricht one called into being II the pillar of the European Union - the Common Foreign Policy and Safeties. In 1999 together with the implementation of the Amsterdam Treaty , one began to initiate European Security policy and Defenses which became define in the Treaty Reforming. Initial Poland was skeptically disposed to that policy, considering that a guarantor of the safety in Europe is NATO. Some time later the optics of the perception EPBiO underwent change. The relation of our country changed to the reference to the foreign policy and the safety into the moment of the obtainment of the membership into the European Union. At present Poland launches out into civil missions and the crisis management led (driven) within the framework of this policy by the European Union. An aim (target) of the present article is presenting of the creature of the Common European Foreign Policy and the Defense. Particularly the author assembled on tracing of history and the change of the relation of Poland to this policy and also to the proof of essential positive elements as and negative aspects of the Common European Foreign Policy and the Defense

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25

Hlebinsky, Ashley. "Ruger’s ‘Old Model’ Single-action Revolvers: A Cautionary Tale of Reproducing Historical Firearms in a Litigious Age". Armax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms VII, n.º 1 (2021): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52357/armax15225.

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In 1953, Ruger released a single-action revolver—patterned after the original Colt Single Action Army. Whilst some changes had been made, this firearm possessed, for all intents and purposes, the handling characteristics of the original Colt design. As a result, the safety precaution was as per the original: the revolver should be loaded with five rounds, rather than six, and the hammer positioned such that it rested over an empty chamber. Despite outlining the recommended carry methods in their instruction manual, Ruger became the subject of product liability lawsuits from purchasers who incorrectly loaded and carried the firearm, resulting in negligent discharges. This article explores the history of Colt-type single-action revolvers in the post-World War II period, analyses the availability of historic mechanical safety mechanisms for double-action revolvers in the 19th and 20th centuries, and summarises the patents on single-action safeties that Ruger had received by 1973. That year, the company discontinued their initial line of Single Action Army-style revolvers—known as ‘Old Models’—for a visibly similar, but mechanically different, ‘New Model’ line of single-action revolvers featuring newly developed safety mechanisms.

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26

Wang, Xi, Dong-Po Xia, Bing-Hua Sun y Jin-Hua Li. "Coordination and consensus: the role of compromisers in Tibetan macaques". Current Zoology 67, n.º 4 (19 de junio de 2021): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoab047.

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Abstract Coordination and consensus in collective behavior have attracted a lot of research interest. Although previous studies have investigated the role of compromisers in group consensus, they provide little insight into why compromisers would allow such social arrangements to persist. In this study, the potential relationship between group movements and conflict management in Tibetan macaques in Anhui province, China, was investigated using hierarchical cluster analyses. Some members with higher social centrality or social rank often formed a front-runner cluster during group movements. They had higher leadership success than individuals outside the front-runner cluster. Other members with lower social centrality or social rank often followed the group movements initiated by the front-runner cluster, and thus formed the compromiser cluster. Compromisers’ proximity relations with front-runners increased with their following scores to front-runners. Compromisers had fewer events of being attacked when they followed group movements initiated by the front-runners. The compromising process made compromisers lose the choice of direction preference, but it could increase their individual safeties. This trade-off suggests that compromisers play a role of decision-maker in coordination and consensus scenarios among social animals.

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27

Marhavilas, Panagiotis K., Michail Filippidis, Georgios K. Koulinas y Dimitrios E. Koulouriotis. "A HAZOP with MCDM Based Risk-Assessment Approach: Focusing on the Deviations with Economic/Health/Environmental Impacts in a Process Industry". Sustainability 12, n.º 3 (30 de enero de 2020): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030993.

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A joint-analysis by the use of (i) the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique of Typical-Analytical-Hierarchy-Process (T_AHP) and Fuzzy-Analytical-Hierarchy-Process (F_AHP) with (ii) the Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) method respectively, was conducted in a sour-crude-oil process industry (SCOPI), focusing on the deviations with economic/health/environmental impact. Consequently, the intention of this paper is dual; that means the first one is the presentation and application of the traditional HAZOP method on a SCOPI, and the second one the illustration and usage of the combined HAZOP_TAHP/FAHP framework in the previous referred industry, via the resulted hazards with economical, health and also environmental impacts, unveiling the sustainable dimension of this approach. The choice of the particular SCOPI for executing the HAZOP process is greatly powerful for the implementation of this approach, due to the plentiful hazards that the process includes, and due to its sophisticated design, as well. Originally, the conventional HAZOP study was carried out for finding out the potential destructive causes of abnormal circumstances in the SCOPI’s establishment. Subsequently, the defined (by HAZOP) hazards with particular economic, health and environmental impacts were elaborated by the T_AHP and F_AHP techniques in order to broaden the HAZOP results and prioritize the risks in the worksite of the SCOPI. It is worthwhile mentioning that this joint-analysis can afford a reliable base to enhance procedure safety and upgrade the occupational health safety’s level (OHS). Likewise, it might be a constructive means for the decision-makers to: (i) evaluate the urgent situation of the restricted resources’ investment, in measures of preventing particular deviations (like the ones with economical, health and environmental consequences), and (ii) to endorse the sustainable growth of this industry, taking into account that a significant part of literature utilized the issue of sustainability as a frame for the development of OHS RAA techniques.

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28

Shaorui, Sun, Liu Jiaming y Wei Jihong. "Predictions of Overbreak Blocks in Tunnels Based on the Wavelet Neural Network Method and the Geological Statistics Theory". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/706491.

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Predicting overbreak blocks is a valid way to protect constructors, safeties in the process of tunnel excavation. In this paper, a prediction method of the overbreak blocks in tunnels is developed in the frame of the wavelet neural network of geological statistics models. Geometrical parameters of structural plane are first obtained by field survey. Then, a statistical model can be deduced from the measured geometrical parameters on the basis of the geological statistics theory. Furthermore, the volumes and distribution of the overbreak blocks are calculated by the theory of wavelet neural network. Finally, the valid support measurements can be designed according to the prediction results for all overbreak blocks appeared in tunnel excavation, and the amount of overbreak blocks can also be predicted. The code with respect to the method has been developed by the fortran language. The method proposed in this paper has been used in a tunnel construction. The results show that there exists an approximate 10%~30% difference between the prediction and the real volume of overbreak blocks. Therefore, the method can be well used to predict the volumes distribution and the overbreak blocks, and the accordingly support measurements can be also given according to the prediction results.

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29

He, Jun, Xiao Ping Wu y Zai Chun Yan. "Anti-Wind Safety of Guangzhou New TV Tower During Construction". Applied Mechanics and Materials 94-96 (septiembre de 2011): 1912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.94-96.1912.

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The Guangzhou New TV Tower with a total height of 610 m is the tallest tower in the word. It comprises a 454 m high main tower and a 156 m high antenna mast. The main tower is a tube-in-tube structure consisting of a steel lattice outer structure and a reinforced concrete inner structure. The antenna mast is a steel structure founded on the tope of the main tower. To ensure the safety during construction of this challenging structure, the failure probability estimates under wind load during construction has been performed. The estimates consists of three steps. First, the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of static wing loads per year at Guangzhou site are given out. Secondly, the CDFs of horizontal displacement responses during construction of the Guangzhou New TV Tower to static wind loads are derived based on static analyses of a reduced finite element (FE) model of the structure. Finally, anti-wind safeties during construction of the structure are estimated based on the structural reliability method. The study not only provides useful data concerning the structural safety of the Guangzhou New TV Tower during construction but also is of considerable referential importance in estimating the safety of an in-construction supertall structure.

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30

King, Harold, Stephen Campbell, Makenzie Herzog, David Popoli, Andrew Reisner y John Polikandriotis. "Epidemiology of Injuries in High School Football: Does School Size Matter?" Journal of Physical Activity and Health 12, n.º 8 (agosto de 2015): 1162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2014-0356.

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Background:More than 1 million US high school students play football. Our objective was to compare the high school football injury profiles by school enrollment size during the 2013–2014 season.Methods:Injury data were prospectively gathered on 1806 student athletes while participating in football practice or games by certified athletic trainers as standard of care for 20 high schools in the Atlanta Metropolitan area divided into small (<1600 students enrolled) or large (≥1600 students enrolled) over the 2013–2014 football season.Results:Smaller schools had a higher overall injury rate (79.9 injuries per 10,000 athletic exposures vs. 46.4 injuries per 10,000 athletic exposures; P < .001). In addition, smaller schools have a higher frequency of shoulder and elbow injuries (14.3% vs. 10.3%; P = .009 and 3.5% vs. 1.5%; P = .006, respectively) while larger schools have more hip/upper leg injuries (13.3% vs. 9.9%; P = .021). Lastly, smaller schools had a higher concussion distribution for offensive lineman (30.6% vs. 13.4%; P = .006) and a lower rate for defensive backs/safeties (9.2% vs. 25.4%; P = .008).Conclusions:This study is the first to compare and show unique injury profiles for different high school sizes. An understanding of school specific injury patterns can help drive targeted preventative measures.

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Wei, Yue, Li-Xin Ma, Sheng-Jun Yin, Jing An, Qi Wei y Jin-Xiang Yang. "Huangqi Jianzhong Tang for Treatment of Chronic Gastritis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/878164.

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To assess the clinical effects and safety of Huangqi Jianzhong Tang (HQJZ) for the treatment of chronic gastritis (CG), three English databases and four Chinese databases were searched through the inception to January 2015. In randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HQJZ with placebo, no intervention and western medicine were included. A total of 9 RCTs involving 979 participants were identified. The methodological quality of the included trials was generally poor. Meta-analyses demonstrated that HQJZ plus conventional medicine was more effective in improving overall gastroscopy outcome than western medicine alone for treatment of chronic superficial gastritis with the pooling result of overall improvement [OR 3.78 (1.29,11.06),P=0.02]. In addition, the combination of HQJZ with antibiotics has higher overall effect rate than antibiotics alone for the treatment of CG [OR 2.60 (1.49,4.54),P=0.0007]. There were no serious adverse events reported in both the intervention and controlled groups. HQJZ has the potential of improvement of the patients’ gastroscopy outcomes,Helicobacter pyloriclearance rate, traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes, and overall effect rate alone or in combination use with conventional western medicine for chronic atrophic gastritis. However, due to poor methodological quality, the beneficial effect and safeties of HQJZ for CG could not be confirmed.

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Pollock, Jordan Riley, Matthew K. Doan, Walker L. Asprey, Donald L. Dulle, M. Lane Moore, Justin L. Makovicka, Jeffrey D. Hassebrock, Brittany M. Foley y Anikar Chhabra. "Can NFL Combine Results be Used to Estimate NFL Defensive Players Longevity?" Sports Medicine International Open 5, n.º 02 (agosto de 2021): E59—E64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1485-0031.

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AbstractThe National Football League Scouting Combine is an annual event held to evaluate football players. The results of the combine are used to identify talent and player potential. Our study aims to examine the relationship between combine drill performance (e.g., speed, power, agility, explosiveness) and career longevity. We performed a retrospective review of The National Football League combine test results for all defensive players from 2005–2015 to determine the association of each player’s combine test results with career longevity. The position that had the most significant associations for 1-year status was linebackers, with weight, 10-yard dash, 20-yard dash, 40-yard dash, broad jump, 3-cone drill, and shuttle being significantly associated with 1-year roster status. The position that had the most significant associations for 5-year status was cornerbacks, with weight, 10-yard dash, 20-yard dash, 40-yard dash, 3-cone drill, and shuttle being significantly associated with 1-year roster status. The least number of significant associations was found for safeties, with no drill being associated with 1-year roster status and only height and shuttle time significantly associated with 5-year career longevity. Our study demonstrates the utility of the combine results to help estimate the career longevity of NFL defensive players.

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Salih, Tara Faeq M., Lana MA Mohammed y Karzan Omer Qader. "Chemical Analysis and Growth Inhibitory Effect Of Rosemary Plant on Aspergillus niger". Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 2, n.º 2 (30 de julio de 2017): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.2.22.

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The use of natural fungicides instead of synthetic ones covers is a present trend in mycological disease control. The quality and food safeties could be preserved by the addition of natural antifungal agents as essential oils. The aim of the present study was to assess the antifungal activity of certain essential oil against the genus of Aspergillus The oil of the aerial parts of Rosemary plant that collected from Sulaimani city was analyzed by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The antifungal activity of Rosemary plant extract against Aspergillus niger was assessed by using agar dilution method. The results showed identification of 17 compounds, with 80.62% of Benzene, 1-methoxy-4- (1-propenyl), 6.85% 1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E), 5.16% 1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7- dimethyl and 2.83% D-Limonene constitute the highest percentage of essential oil. The result of investigation the antifungal effect of Rosemary plant extraction dilutions showed that the essential oil has significant inhibitory effect on growth of Aspergillus niger in 10 %, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, and 28% dilutions with the average inhibitory growth percentage 25.91%, 25.60%, 28.96%, 28.96%, 30.18%, 32.31%, 28.04%, 28.65%, 31.40% and 31.70% respectively. Large percentage antifungal activities of Rosemary oil are related with Benzene, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl) as the main compound. In conclusion, the essential oils exhibited a potential inhibition activity against toxic fungi and many invitro and invivo studies are requested to find more about the antifungal activity of these extracted oils.

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Liu, Rui, Xiaoping Su, Xiaodong Miao, Guang Yang, Xuefei Dong, Yongsheng Liang y Taiqi Huang. "Combustion characteristics of a two-stroke spark ignition UAV engine fuelled with gasoline and kerosene (RP-3)". Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, n.º 1 (7 de enero de 2018): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-03-2018-0112.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the combustion characteristics, including the combustion pressure, heat release rate (HRR), coefficient of variation (COV) of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), flame development period and combustion duration, of aviation kerosene fuel, namely, rocket propellant 3 (RP-3), and gasoline on a two-stoke spark ignition engine. Design/methodology/approach This paper is an experimental investigation using a bench test to reflect the combustion performance of two-stroke spark ignition unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) engine on gasoline and RP-3 fuel. Findings Under low load conditions, the combustion performance and HRR of burning RP-3 fuel were shown to be worse than those of gasoline. Under high load conditions, the average IMEP and the COV of IMEP of burning RP-3 fuel were close to those of gasoline. The difference in the flame development period between gasoline and RP-3 fuel was similar. Practical implications Gasoline fuel has a low flash point, high-saturated vapour pressure and relatively high volatility and is a potential hazard near a naked flame at room temperature, which can create significant security risks for its storage, transport and use. Adopting a low volatility single RP-3 fuel of covering all vehicles and equipment to minimize the number of different devices with the use of a various fuels and improve the application safeties. Originality/value Most two-stroke spark ignition UAV engines continue to combust gasoline. A kerosene-based fuel operation can be applied to achieve a single-fuel policy.

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Cachovan, Georg, Rainer H. Böger, Ina Giersdorf, Olaf Hallier, Thomas Streichert, Munif Haddad, Ursula Platzer, Gerhard Schön, Karl Wegscheider y Ingo Sobottka. "Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Moxifloxacin and Clindamycin in the Treatment of Odontogenic Abscesses and Inflammatory Infiltrates: a Phase II, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, n.º 3 (20 de diciembre de 2010): 1142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01267-10.

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ABSTRACTMoxifloxacin penetrates well into oromaxillary tissue and covers the causative pathogens that show an increasing resistance to standard antibiotics. Clinical reports suggest that moxifloxacin may be effective for the treatment of odontogenic infections that can lead to serious complications. The objective of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study was to compare the efficacies and safeties of moxifloxacin and clindamycin for the medical treatment of patients with gingival inflammatory infiltrates and as an adjuvant therapy for patients with odontogenic abscesses requiring surgical treatment. Patients received either 400 mg moxifloxacinper osonce daily or 300 mg clindamycinper osfour times daily for 5 days consecutively. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percent reduction in patients' perceived pain on a visual analogue scale at days 2 to 3 from baseline. Primary analysis included 21 moxifloxacin- and 19 clindamycin-treated patients with infiltrates and 15 moxifloxacin- and 16 clindamycin-treated patients with abscesses. The mean pain reductions were 61.0% (standard deviation [SD], 46.9%) with moxifloxacin versus 23.4% (SD, 32.1%) with clindamycin (P= 0.006) for patients with infiltrates and 55.8% (SD, 24.8%) with moxifloxacin versus 42.7% (SD, 48.5%) with clindamycin (P= 0.358) for patients with abscesses. A global efficacy assessment at days 2 to 3 and 5 to 7 showed faster clinical responses with moxifloxacin in both abscess and infiltrate patients. Rates of adverse events were lower in moxifloxacin- than in clindamycin-treated patients. In patients with inflammatory infiltrates, moxifloxacin was significantly more effective in reducing pain at days 2 to 3 of therapy than clindamycin. No significant differences between groups were found for patients with odontogenic abscesses.

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Fukai, Kuniyoshi, Akihiro Nakamura, Atsushi Hoshino, Naohiko Nakanishi, Yoshifumi Okawa, Makoto Ariyoshi, Satoshi Kaimoto et al. "Pyk2 aggravates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by activating HIF-1α". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 308, n.º 8 (15 de abril de 2015): H951—H959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00770.2014.

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a refractory disease characterized by uncontrolled vascular remodeling and elevated pulmonary arterial pressure. Although synthetic inhibitors of some tyrosine kinases have been used to treat PAH, their therapeutic efficacies and safeties remain controversial. Thus, the establishment of novel therapeutic targets based on the molecular pathogenesis underlying PAH is a clinically urgent issue. In the present study, we demonstrated that proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), a nonreceptor type protein tyrosine kinase, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) using an animal model of hypoxia-induced PH. Resistance to hypoxia-induced PH was markedly higher in Pyk2-deficient mice than in wild-type mice. Pathological investigations revealed that medial thickening of the pulmonary arterioles, which is a characteristic of hypoxia-induced PH, was absent in Pyk2-deficient mice, suggesting that Pyk2 is involved in the hypoxia-induced aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in hypoxia-induced PH. In vitro experiments using human pulmonary smooth muscle cells showed that hypoxic stress increased the proliferation and migration of cells in a Pyk2-dependent manner. We also demonstrated that Pyk2 plays a crucial role in ROS generation during hypoxic stress and that this Pyk2-dependent generation of ROS is necessary for the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, a key molecule in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced PH. In summary, the results of the present study reveal that Pyk2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced PH. Therefore, Pyk2 may represent a promising therapeutic target for PAH in a clinical setting.

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Moriguchi, Hisashi. "A novel method in order to evaluate the efficacies and the safeties of new drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma with loss of transforming growth factor-β signaling". Hepatology 50, n.º 6 (29 de septiembre de 2009): 2050–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.23352.

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38

Eljaaly, Khalid, Samah Alshehri y Brian L. Erstad. "Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Safety of Antistaphylococcal Penicillins Compared to Cefazolin". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 62, n.º 4 (5 de febrero de 2018): e01816-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01816-17.

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ABSTRACTRecent studies and experience suggest that cefazolin might be equally as effective as antistaphylococcal penicillins for methicillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus(MSSA), with a better safety profile and lower cost. The objective of these meta-analyses was to compare the safeties of antistaphylococcal penicillins and cefazolin. The PubMed, Embase, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases and websites for clinical trial registries through 23 June 2017 were searched. In addition, recent abstracts from infectious disease and pharmacy conferences were reviewed. We estimated Peto odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models. One analysis focused on hospitalized patients, and the other focused on outpatients. Eleven retrospective studies of hospitalized patients and three retrospective studies of outpatients were included. In hospitalized patients, lower rates of nephrotoxicity (Peto OR, 0.225; 95% CI, 0.127 to 0.513), acute interstitial nephritis (Peto OR, 0.189; 95% CI, 0.053 to 0.675), hepatotoxicity (Peto OR, 0.160; 95% CI, 0.066 to 0.387), and drug discontinuation due to adverse reactions (Peto OR, 0.192; 95% CI, 0.089 to 0.414) were found with cefazolin. In outpatients, lower rates of nephrotoxicity (Peto OR, 0.372; 95% CI, 0.192 to 0.722), hepatotoxicity (Peto OR, 0.313; 95% CI, 0.156 to 0.627), and hypersensitivity reactions (Peto OR, 0.372; 95% CI, 0.201 to 0.687) were observed with cefazolin. Compared to antistaphylococcal penicillins, cefazolin was associated with significant reductions in nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in hospitalized patients and outpatients. Additionally, cefazolin was associated with lower likelihoods of discontinuation due to side effects in hospitalized patients and hypersensitivity reactions in outpatients. Cefazolin should be considered a first-line option for patients with MSSA infections for which efficacy is presumed to be similar to that of antistaphylococcal penicillin therapy.

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Li, Wenhua, Jin Li, Jianming Xu, Lin Shen, Tianshu Liu, Wei jian Guo y Wen Zhang. "Phase II study of weekly scheduled irinotecan and capecitabine treatment in advanced colorectal cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, n.º 15_suppl (20 de mayo de 2013): e14644-e14644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e14644.

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e14644 Background: The clinical application of combination therapy of irinotecan and capecitabine is at a standstill due to the consideration on severe diarrhea. The aim of the current phase II study was to explore the optimal administration mode of these two drugs, and evaluate the safety and efficacy of weekly-scheduled XELIRI regimen (wXELIRI) in mCRC pts. Methods: Pts with unresectable, histologically confirmed mCRC were enrolled to receive wXELIRI: irinotecan 90mg/m(2) on Day 1 and capecitabine 1200 mg/m(2) bid on Days 1-5 weekly. Both the first-line pts and second-line treatment pts who failed with FOLFOX or XELOX were eligible. The primary endpoint was rate of Grade 3/4 diarrhea. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and other safeties. Results: From January 2011 to May 2012, totally 43 pts with measurable mCRC were enrolled, 18 of them were male and 25 were female. The median age was 60 yrs (range 32-70). No Grade 4 diarrhea was observed and the rate of grade 3 diarrhea was 4.7%. The most common Grade 3/4 toxicities included leucocyte(11.6%), neutrophile (18.6%), vomiting (4.7%), fatigue (2.3%), hand-foot-syndrome (2.3%) . With a median follow-up of 19.0 months, 23 PFS events were observed. The mPFS for all the 43 pts was 6.1 mons and the mOS was 15.5 mons. For the 31 first-line treatment pts, the mPFS was 7.5 mons and the mOS has not reached. In the second-line treatment group (12 pts), the mPFS was 5.4 mons and mOS was 13.8 mons. Conclusions: The weekly-scheduled irinotecan and capecitabine combination has a low rate of severe diarrhea and acceptable toxicity profile. It could be an alternative regimen for mCRC pts, especially in the second-line setting. Clinical trial information: NCT01322152.

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Cho, E., J. Hong, S. Kyung, Y. Kim, S. Shim, J. Park, S. Jung, J. Park, D. Shin y J. Lee. "Pemetrexed versus gefitinib versus erlotinib in previously treated non-small cell lung cancer by retrospective analysis". Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, n.º 15_suppl (20 de mayo de 2009): e19103-e19103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e19103.

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e19103 Background: The standards in 2nd-line therapy with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were erlotinib or pemetrexed as well as docetaxel. To evaluate the efficacies and safeties of pemetrexed, gefitinib, and erlotinib in previously treated NSCLC we analyzed the datas retrospectively. Methods: Eligible patents were 1) histologically confirmed pretreated advanced (stage IIIB or IV) NSCLC, 2) with at least one measurable lesion, 3) age over 18 years, 4) performance status (PS) 0–2, and 5) should never experience other two drugs as previous therapy. Patients of pemetrexed group received IV infusion of 500mg/m2 pemetrexed mixed with normal saline every 3 weeks with vitamin B12 and folate supplementation. Patients of gefitinib group received gefitinib 250mg PO daily and of erlotinib took erlotinib 150mg PO daily. Cycles of IV pemetrexed or taking PO drugs were continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Results: we analyzed 57 patients (pemetrexed; 20, gefitnib; 20, and erlotinib; 17). The response rates were 5.3%, 25.0%, and 12.5% (P=0.22), and the disease control rate were 5.3%, 40.0%, and 50.0% respectively (P<0.01). Median progression-free survival (PFS) of pemetrexed, gefitinib, and erlotinib were 1.7, 3.5 and 4.4 months (P<0.01) and median overall survival (OS) were 5.6, 21.8 and 21.5 months respectively (P=0.04). In subgroup analysis, patients with non-squamous carcinoma, smokers and good PS (0 or 1) showed longer PFS and OS in gefitinib and erlotinib compared with in pemetrexed. All of these agents showed mild and tolerable toxicity. Conclusions: In retrospective analysis, the patients with gefitinib or erlotinib had longer PFS and OS than pemetrexed, eventhough there was no significant difference for response rate in three group. These results have to confirm by large randomized prospective study because the sample size was small and it was not randomized. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Broglio, Steven P., Richelle M. Williams, Kathryn L. O'Connor y Jason Goldstick. "Football Players' Head-Impact Exposure After Limiting of Full-Contact Practices". Journal of Athletic Training 51, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 2016): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.7.04.

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Context: Sporting organizations limit full-contact football practices to reduce concussion risk and based on speculation that repeated head impacts may result in long-term neurodegeneration. Objective: To directly compare head-impact exposure in high school football players before and after a statewide restriction on full-contact practices. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: High school football field. Patients or Other Participants: Participants were varsity football athletes from a single high school. Before the rule change, 26 athletes (age = 16.2 ± 0.8 years, height = 179.6 ± 6.4 cm, weight = 81.9 ± 13.1 kg) participated. After the rule change, 24 athletes (age = 15.9 ± 0.8 years, height = 178.3 ± 6.5 cm, weight = 76.2 ± 11.6 kg) participated. Nine athletes participated in both years of the investigation. Main Outcome Measure(s): Head-impact exposure was monitored using the Head Impact Telemetry System while the athletes participated in football games and practices in the seasons before and after the rule change. Head-impact frequency, location, and magnitude (ie, linear acceleration, rotational acceleration, and Head Impact Telemetry severity profile [HITsp], respectively) were measured. Results: A total of 15 398 impacts (592 impacts per player per season) were captured before the rule change and 8269 impacts (345 impacts per player per season) after the change. An average 42% decline in impact exposure occurred across all players, with practice-exposure declines occurring among linemen (46% decline); receivers, cornerbacks, and safeties (41% decline); and tight ends, running backs (including fullbacks), and linebackers (39% decline). Impact magnitudes remained largely unchanged between the years. Conclusions: A rule change limiting full-contact high school football practices appears to have been effective in reducing head-impact exposure across all players, with the largest reduction occurring among linemen. This finding is likely associated with the rule modification, particularly because the coaching staff and offensive scheme remained consistent, yet how this reduction influences concussion risk and long-term cognitive health remains unknown.

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Mack, Christina D., Gary Solomon, Tracey Covassin, Nicholas Theodore, Javier Cárdenas y Allen Sills. "Epidemiology of Concussion in the National Football League, 2015-2019". Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 13, n.º 5 (19 de abril de 2021): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19417381211011446.

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Background: Concussion in American football, and specifically the National Football League (NFL) is a major area of interest and key focus for injury prevention. Complete and accurate characterization of when, how, and to whom these injuries occur can facilitate injury reduction efforts. Existing studies of concussion in the NFL use publicly available data, potentially limiting data quality and the inferences that can be made. Hypothesis: Concussion incidence in the NFL decreased across the 2015-2019 seasons. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Concussion incidence, including counts, one-season risk, and rates per game and player-plays, among active NFL players from 2015 to 2019 is described by year, season, play type, and roster position. Results: A total 1302 concussions were identified from 2015 to 2019 among 1004 players. Of these, 80% occurred in NFL games. The average annual incidence of in-season game concussions changed over the study period, from 230.7 per season (2015-2017) to 177.0 per season (2018-2019); this represented a 23% decrease in game settings ( P < 0.01). Practice concussions fluctuated across the years of the study from 38 to 67 per season (average = 50.8/season). There were 70.6 concussions per 100 preseason games, which was slightly higher than the regular season rate per game of 61.7. Overall, there were 790 regular season game concussions across 4,657,243 player-plays and 114,428 player-games during the 5-year study. In regular season games, the majority of concussions were sustained on running and passing plays (n = 119/season), and the highest average rate per play occurred on kickoffs (0.69/100 plays). Defensive secondary (cornerbacks, safeties, and generic defensive backs) and offensive line incurred the most concussions, and the highest rates of concussion were among tight ends and wide receivers. Conclusion and Relevance: Concussions in the NFL are a key focus for player safety. Concussion reduction strategies were implemented before 2018, after which there was a sustained 2-year decrease in concussion incidence, providing a new benchmark from which to work toward further injury reduction.

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Mertens, J. C., P. W. van Barneveld, H. R. Asin, E. Ligtvoet, M. R. Visser, T. Branger y A. I. Hoepelman. "Double-blind randomized study comparing the efficacies and safeties of a short (3-day) course of azithromycin and a 5-day course of amoxicillin in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 36, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 1992): 1456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.36.7.1456.

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Law, Siu Tong, Carlos De La SernaHiguera, Paula Gil Simón y Manuel Pérez-MirandaCastillo. "Comparison of clinical efficacies and safeties of lumen-apposing metal stent and conventional-type metal stent-assisted EUS-guided pancreatic wall-off necrosis drainage: a real-life experience in a tertiary hospital". Surgical Endoscopy 32, n.º 5 (3 de noviembre de 2017): 2448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-017-5946-6.

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Young-Hee KIM. "English Law, Scottish Law, U.S. Law and Roman Law". 법사학연구 ll, n.º 52 (octubre de 2015): 7–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31778/lawhis..52.201510.7.

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Musalov, M. A. "Law and law. Sources of law". Аграрное и земельное право, n.º 2 (2021): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1329_2021_2_20.

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Englund, Harri. "Law, law everywhere". HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 5, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2015): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14318/hau5.3.017.

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Varga, Csaba. "Law, understanding of law, application of law". Acta Juridica Hungarica 51, n.º 2 (junio de 2010): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ajur.51.2010.2.2.

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Bradley, D. "Comparative Law, Family Law and Common Law". Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 23, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2003): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/23.1.127.

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Beatson, J. "Common Law, Statute Law, and Constitutional Law". Statute Law Review 27, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2006): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmi021.

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