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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Leave one out method"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 12 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Leave one out method"

Krzanowski, W. J. y D. J. Hand. "ASSESSING ERROR RATE ESTIMATORS: THE LEAVE-ONE-OUT METHOD RECONSIDERED". Australian Journal of Statistics 39, n.º 1 (marzo de 1997): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.1997.tb00521.x.

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Zhang, Tong. "Leave-One-Out Bounds for Kernel Methods". Neural Computation 15, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 2003): 1397–437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976603321780326.

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In this article, we study leave-one-out style cross-validation bounds for kernel methods. The essential element in our analysis is a bound on the parameter estimation stability for regularized kernel formulations. Using this result, we derive bounds on expected leave-one-out cross-validation errors, which lead to expected generalization bounds for various kernel algorithms. In addition, we also obtain variance bounds for leave-oneout errors. We apply our analysis to some classification and regression problems and compare them with previous results.

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Li, Xiping, David Tripe, Chris Malone y David Smith. "Measuring systemic risk contribution: The leave-one-out z-score method". Finance Research Letters 36 (octubre de 2020): 101316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.101316.

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Brovelli, Maria Antonia, Mattia Crespi, Francesca Fratarcangeli, Francesca Giannone y Eugenio Realini. "Accuracy assessment of high resolution satellite imagery orientation by leave-one-out method". ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 63, n.º 4 (julio de 2008): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.01.006.

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ALPTEKIN, AHMET y OLCAY KURSUN. "MISS ONE OUT: A CROSS-VALIDATION METHOD UTILIZING INDUCED TEACHER NOISE". International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 27, n.º 07 (noviembre de 2013): 1351003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001413510038.

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Leave-one-out (LOO) and its generalization, K-Fold, are among most well-known cross-validation methods, which divide the sample into many folds, each one of which is, in turn, left out for testing, while the other parts are used for training. In this study, as an extension of this idea, we propose a new cross-validation approach that we called miss-one-out (MOO) that mislabels the example(s) in each fold and keeps this fold in the training set as well, rather than leaving it out as LOO does. Then, MOO tests whether the trained classifier can correct the erroneous label of the training sample. In principle, having only one fold deliberately labeled incorrectly should have only a small effect on the classifier that uses this bad-fold along with K - 1 good folds and can be utilized as a generalization measure of the classifier. Experimental results on a number of benchmark datasets and three real bioinformatics dataset show that MOO can better estimate the test set accuracy of the classifier.

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Montoya Perez, Ileana, Antti Airola, Peter J. Boström, Ivan Jambor y Tapio Pahikkala. "Tournament leave-pair-out cross-validation for receiver operating characteristic analysis". Statistical Methods in Medical Research 28, n.º 10-11 (20 de agosto de 2018): 2975–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280218795190.

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Receiver operating characteristic analysis is widely used for evaluating diagnostic systems. Recent studies have shown that estimating an area under receiver operating characteristic curve with standard cross-validation methods suffers from a large bias. The leave-pair-out cross-validation has been shown to correct this bias. However, while leave-pair-out produces an almost unbiased estimate of area under receiver operating characteristic curve, it does not provide a ranking of the data needed for plotting and analyzing the receiver operating characteristic curve. In this study, we propose a new method called tournament leave-pair-out cross-validation. This method extends leave-pair-out by creating a tournament from pair comparisons to produce a ranking for the data. Tournament leave-pair-out preserves the advantage of leave-pair-out for estimating area under receiver operating characteristic curve, while it also allows performing receiver operating characteristic analyses. We have shown using both synthetic and real-world data that tournament leave-pair-out is as reliable as leave-pair-out for area under receiver operating characteristic curve estimation and confirmed the bias in leave-one-out cross-validation on low-dimensional data. As a case study on receiver operating characteristic analysis, we also evaluate how reliably sensitivity and specificity can be estimated from tournament leave-pair-out receiver operating characteristic curves.

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Belotti, Federico y Franco Peracchi. "Fast leave-one-out methods for inference, model selection, and diagnostic checking". Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 20, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2020): 785–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x20976312.

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In this article, we describe jackknife2, a new prefix command for jackknifing linear estimators. It takes full advantage of the available leave-one-out formula, thereby allowing for substantial reduction in computing time. Of special note is that jackknife2 allows the user to compute cross-validation and diagnostic measures that are currently not available after ivregress 2sls, xtreg, and xtivregress.

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Lee, M. M. S., S. S. Keerthi, C. J. Ong y D. DeCoste. "An Efficient Method for Computing Leave-One-Out Error in Support Vector Machines With Gaussian Kernels". IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 15, n.º 3 (mayo de 2004): 750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnn.2004.824266.

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Bo, Liefeng, Ling Wang y Licheng Jiao. "Feature Scaling for Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis Using Leave-One-Out Cross Validation". Neural Computation 18, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2006): 961–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2006.18.4.961.

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Kernel fisher discriminant analysis (KFD) is a successful approach to classification. It is well known that the key challenge in KFD lies in the selection of free parameters such as kernel parameters and regularization parameters. Here we focus on the feature-scaling kernel where each feature individually associates with a scaling factor. A novel algorithm, named FS-KFD, is developed to tune the scaling factors and regularization parameters for the feature-scaling kernel. The proposed algorithm is based on optimizing the smooth leave-one-out error via a gradient-descent method and has been demonstrated to be computationally feasible. FS-KFD is motivated by the following two fundamental facts: the leave-one-out error of KFD can be expressed in closed form and the step function can be approximated by a sigmoid function. Empirical comparisons on artificial and benchmark data sets suggest that FS-KFD improves KFD in terms of classification accuracy.

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Lv, Liye, Xueguan Song y Wei Sun. "Modify Leave-One-Out Cross Validation by Moving Validation Samples around Random Normal Distributions: Move-One-Away Cross Validation". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 7 (3 de abril de 2020): 2448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072448.

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The leave-one-out cross validation (LOO-CV), which is a model-independent evaluate method, cannot always select the best of several models when the sample size is small. We modify the LOO-CV method by moving a validation point around random normal distributions—rather than leaving it out—naming it the move-one-away cross validation (MOA-CV), which is a model-dependent method. The key point of this method is to improve the accuracy rate of model selection that is unreliable in LOO-CV without enough samples. Errors from LOO-CV and MOA-CV, i.e., LOO-CVerror and MOA-CVerror, respectively, are employed to select the best one of four typical surrogate models through four standard mathematical functions and one engineering problem. The coefficient of determination (R-square, R2) is used to be a calibration of MOA-CVerror and LOO-CVerror. Results show that: (i) in terms of selecting the best models, MOA-CV and LOO-CV become better as sample size increases; (ii) MOA-CV has a better performance in selecting best models than LOO-CV; (iii) in the engineering problem, both the MOA-CV and LOO-CV can choose the worst models, and in most cases, MOA-CV has a higher probability to select the best model than LOO-CV.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Leave one out method"

Tseng, Hsin-Wu, Jiahua Fan y Matthew A. Kupinski. "Design of a practical model-observer-based image quality assessment method for x-ray computed tomography imaging systems". SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622347.

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The use of a channelization mechanism on model observers not only makes mimicking human visual behavior possible, but also reduces the amount of image data needed to estimate the model observer parameters. The channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) and channelized scanning linear observer (CSLO) have recently been used to assess CT image quality for detection tasks and combined detection/estimation tasks, respectively. Although the use of channels substantially reduces the amount of data required to compute image quality, the number of scans required for CT imaging is still not practical for routine use. It is our desire to further reduce the number of scans required to make CHO or CSLO an image quality tool for routine and frequent system validations and evaluations. This work explores different data-reduction schemes and designs an approach that requires only a few CT scans. Three different kinds of approaches are included in this study: a conventional CHO/CSLO technique with a large sample size, a conventional CHO/CSLO technique with fewer samples, and an approach that we will show requires fewer samples to mimic conventional performance with a large sample size. The mean value and standard deviation of areas under ROC/EROC curve were estimated using the well-validated shuffle approach. The results indicate that an 80% data reduction can be achieved without loss of accuracy. This substantial data reduction is a step toward a practical tool for routine-task-based QA/QC CT system assessment. (C) 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

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Taner, Serdar. "Image Classification For Content Based Indexing". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/1093269/index.pdf.

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As the size of image databases increases in time, the need for content based image indexing and retrieval become important. Image classification is a key to content based image indexing. In this thesis supervised learning with feed forward back propagation artificial neural networks is used for image classification. Low level features derived from the images are used to classify the images to interpret the high level features that yield semantics. Features are derived using detail histogram correlations obtained by Wavelet Transform, directional edge information obtained by Fourier Transform and color histogram correlations. An image database consisting of 357 color images of various sizes is used for training and testing the structure. The database is indexed into seven classes that represent scenery contents which are not mutually exclusive. The ground truth data is formed in a supervised fashion to be used in training the neural network and testing the performance. The performance of the structure is tested using leave one out method and comparing the simulation outputs with the ground truth data. Success, mean square error and the class recall rates are used as the performance measures. The performances of the derived features are compared with the color and texture descriptors of MPEG-7 using the structure designed. The results show that the performance of the method is comparable and better. This method of classification for content based image indexing is a reliable and valid method for content based image indexing and retrieval, especially in scenery image indexing.

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Tandan, Isabelle y Erika Goteman. "Bank Customer Churn Prediction : A comparison between classification and evaluation methods". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-411918.

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This study aims to assess which supervised statistical learning method; random forest, logistic regression or K-nearest neighbor, that is the best at predicting banks customer churn. Additionally, the study evaluates which cross-validation set approach; k-Fold cross-validation or leave-one-out cross-validation that yields the most reliable results. Predicting customer churn has increased in popularity since new technology, regulation and changed demand has led to an increase in competition for banks. Thus, with greater reason, banks acknowledge the importance of maintaining their customer base. The findings of this study are that unrestricted random forest model estimated using k-Fold is to prefer out of performance measurements, computational efficiency and a theoretical point of view. Albeit, k-Fold cross-validation and leave-one-out cross-validation yield similar results, k-Fold cross-validation is to prefer due to computational advantages. For future research, methods that generate models with both good interpretability and high predictability would be beneficial. In order to combine the knowledge of which customers end their engagement as well as understanding why. Moreover, interesting future research would be to analyze at which dataset size leave-one-out cross-validation and k-Fold cross-validation yield the same results.

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Monari, Gaétan. "Sélection de modèles non linéaires par "leave-one-out": étude théorique et application des réseaux de neurones au procédé de soudage par points". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1999. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000676.

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Le soudage par points est la principale technique d'assemblage des tôles de carrosserie automobile. Cependant, la variabilité de ce procédé, et en particulier de l'état des électrodes de soudage, pose deux problèmes non résolus à ce jour: le contrôle non destructif de la qualité des soudures et la commande des paramètres de soudage. Utilisé fréquemment dans le domaine des réseaux de neurones, et réputé pour donner de bons résultats avec peu d'exemples, le leave-one-out conduit en réalité souvent à la sélection de modèles surajustés. Or, par un développement de Taylor, nous pouvons calculer l'effet du retrait d'un exemple de la base d'apprentissage sur la sortie du modèle. Nous prouvons que l'estimation de l'erreur de généralisation obtenue à partir de ce calcul est plus fiable que celle obtenue classiquement par apprentissage. Par ailleurs, nous montrons le lien existant entre le leave-one-out calculé et les intervalles de confiance sur la sortie du modèle. Enfin, nous proposons une technique originale de sélection de modèles non linéaires qui évite le surajustement en limitant l'influence de chaque exemple sur l'estimation des paramètres du modèle. Nous présentons une méthode permettant d'obtenir un modèle de prévision du diamètre d'une soudure, valable dans des conditions préétablies. Plus particulièrement, nous montrons comment constituer une base de données initiale, sélectionner le modèle adéquat, puis compléter progressivement la base d'apprentissage. Appliquée à deux types de tôles, cette méthode permet d'atteindre une précision proche de l'erreur de mesure. En outre, utilisés au sein d'une loi de commande, ces modèles permettent d'optimiser l'usure des électrodes.

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MONARI, GAETAN. "Selection de modeles non lineaires par leave-one-out ; etude theorique et application des reseaux de neurones au procede de soudage par points". Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066349.

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Le soudage par points est la principale technique d'assemblage des toles de carrosserie automobile. Cependant, la variabilite de ce procede, et en particulier de l'etat des electrodes de soudage, pose deux problemes non resolus a ce jour : le controle non destructif de la qualite des soudures et la commande des parametres de soudage. Utilise frequemment dans le domaine des reseaux de neurones, et repute pour donner de bons resultats avec peu d'exemples, le leave-one-out conduit en realite souvent a la selection de modeles surajustes. Or, par un developpement de taylor, nous pouvons calculer l'effet du retrait d'un exemple de la base d'apprentissage sur la sortie du modele. Nous prouvons que l'estimation de l'erreur de generalisation obtenue a partir de ce calcul est plus fiable que celle obtenue classiquement par apprentissage. Par ailleurs, nous montrons le lien existant entre le leave-one-out calcule et les intervalles de confiance sur la sortie du modele. Enfin, nous proposons une technique originale de selection de modeles non lineaires qui evite le surajustement en limitant l'influence de chaque exemple sur l'estimation des parametres du modele. Nous presentons une methode permettant d'obtenir un modele de prevision du diametre d'une soudure, valable dans des conditions preetablies. Plus particulierement, nous montrons comment constituer une base de donnees initiale, selectionner le modele adequat, puis completer progressivement la base d'apprentissage. Appliquee a deux types de toles, cette methode permet d'atteindre une precision proche de l'erreur de mesure. En outre, utilises au sein d'une loi de commande, ces modeles permettent d'optimiser l'usure des electrodes.

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Babay, Dhouib Amel. "Contribution à la modélisation de l'influence des caractéristiques des fibres de coton et des paramètres du processus sur les propriétés des filés classiques et flammés". Valenciennes, 2004. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/81169dfa-b5b8-4f19-b771-cfef62fe792a.

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De nos jours, l'industrie de la filature de fibres courtes a besoin d'outils performants permettant la modélisation de processus et la prédiction des propriétés des filés afin de maîtriser le niveau de qualité de ses produits, de satisfaire les attentes de la clientèle et enfin d'augmenter la compétitivité. Dans ce cadre, le filateur, soucieux d’améliorer et d’adapter continuellement son produit, doit avoir des connaissances plus rationnelles du processus de filature, en particulier concernant les corrélations entre les caractéristiques des fibres et des filés. En fait, les propriétés des fibres ont une influence déterminante sur la marche des machines et la qualité du produit fini ainsi que sur les coûts de fabrication. Ainsi, nous proposons un système de prédiction constitué de plusieurs modèles neuronaux permettant de prévoir les propriétés de deux catégories de filés : classiques et flammés à partir de la connaissance des caractéristiques des fibres de coton et des paramètres liés à la structure des filés étudiés. Le choix des modèles neuronaux d'architecture optimale a été accompli grâce à la mise en œuvre d'une approche originale appelée "leave-one-out virtuel". Les performances des modèles élaborés sont évaluées et analysées grâce à une base de données réelles provenant d'une grande entreprise de filature fabricant des fils à destination de tissage d'articles "denim". Enfin, l'analyse approfondie de l'impact des variables d'entrée des différents modèles sur leurs sorties respectives a permis d'examiner et de confirmer la validité des sens de variation des propriétés modélisées et a montré également que les modèles élaborés reflètent bien la réalité expérimentale
Nowadays, the industry of the short fibre spinning mill needs performing tools allowing the modelling of process and the prediction of the yarn properties in order to control the level of quality of its products, to satisfy the customers and to increase their competitivity. Within this framework, the spinner, willing to improve and adapt continuously his product, must have more rational knowledge of the process of spinning mill, in particular concerning the correlations between the fibre and the yarn characteristics. Indeed, the fibre properties have a determining influence on the working of the machines, the quality and the cost of the final product. Thus, we propose a prediction system made up of several neuronal models allowing to predict the properties of two categories of yarns: ring spun and fancy yarns starting from the knowledge of the characteristics of cotton fibres and the structural parameters. The choice of the neuronal models having the optimal architecture was accomplished thanks to the application of an original approach called "virtual leave-one-out". The performances of the established models are evaluated and analyzed on the basis of a real data base gathered from an industrial spinning mill manufacturing yarns for the "denim" applications. Finally, the analysis of the impact of the input variables on the various model outputs has confirmed the validity of the variation of the modelled properties and has also shown that the established models reflect very well the experimental reality

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Horn, Jean-François. "Diagnostic des maladies neurodégénératives à partor d'images obtenues par tomographie d'émission monophotonique et à l'aide de méthodes de classement avec apprentissage supervisé". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066454.

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L'objectif de cette thèse consiste à utiliser des méthodes de classification par apprentissage supervisé afin de réaliser le diagnostic différentiel de maladies neuro-dégénératives à partir d'images cérébrales 3D et de tests neuropsychologiques. Une première application a consisté à différencier la maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) et la démence frontotemporale (DFT) en se basant sur l'analysed'images TEMP (tomographie par émission mono-photonique). Une seconde application a concerné le diagnostic précoce de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Pour cela, nous disposions d'une population dit MCI (mild cognitive impairment) présentant un fort rsique d'évolution vers MA. Cette population a été examiné lors de l'inclusion des patients, puis a été suivie sur une période de 3 ans afin de déterminer les individus qui vont rester stables et ceux qui vont convertir vers une MA. Une 3ème application a consisté à différencier 3 syndromes parkinsoniens, à savoir la maladie de Parkinson idiopathique (MPI), l'atrophie multisystématisé (AMS) et la paralyse supranucléique progressive (PSP). Nous avons ainsi procédé à plusieurs étapes d'analyses : tout d'abord, nous avons différencié une population de sujets sains des patients souffrants de syndromes parkinsoniens (tous syndromes confondus). Nous avons ensuite différencié les patients souffrants de MPI des patients souffrants de syndromes dit "Parkinson Plus" (AMS et PSP). Enfin, nous avons effectué de la classification à 3 classes en différenciant les 3 syndromes parkinsoniens.

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Dizon, Lucas y Martin Johansson. "Atrial Fibrillation Detection Algorithm Evaluation and Implementation in Java". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-158878.

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Atrial fibrillation is a common heart arrhythmia which is characterized by a missing or irregular contraction of the atria. The disease is a risk factor for other more serious diseases and the total medical costs in society are extensive. Therefore it would be beneficial to improve and optimize the prevention and detection of the disease. Pulse palpation and heart auscultation can facilitate the detection of atrial fibrillation clinically, but the diagnosis is generally confirmed by an ECG examination. Today there are several algorithms that detect atrial fibrillation by analysing an ECG. A common method is to study the heart rate variability (HRV) and by different types of statistical calculations find episodes of atrial fibrillation which deviates from normal sinus rhythm. Two algorithms for detection of atrial fibrillation have been evaluated in Matlab. One is based on the coefficient of variation and the other uses a logistic regression model. Training and testing of the algorithms were done with data from the Physionet MIT database. Several steps of signal processing were used to remove different types of noise and artefacts before the data could be used. When testing the algorithms, the CV algorithm performed with a sensitivity of 91,38%, a specificity of 93,93% and accuracy of 92,92%, and the results of the logistic regression algorithm was a sensitivity of 97,23%, specificity of 93,79% and accuracy of 95,39%. The logistic regression algorithm performed better and was chosen for implementation in Java, where it achieved a sensitivity of 97,31%, specificity of 93,47% and accuracy of 95,25%.
Förmaksflimmer är en vanlig hjärtrytmrubbning som kännetecknas av en avsaknad eller oregelbunden kontraktion av förmaken. Sjukdomen är en riskfaktor för andra allvarligare sjukdomar och de totala kostnaderna för samhället är betydande. Det skulle därför vara fördelaktigt att effektivisera och förbättra prevention samt diagnostisering av förmaksflimmer. Kliniskt diagnostiseras förmaksflimmer med hjälp av till exempel pulspalpation och auskultation av hjärtat, men diagnosen brukar fastställas med en EKG-undersökning. Det finns idag flertalet algoritmer för att detektera arytmin genom att analysera ett EKG. En av de vanligaste metoderna är att undersöka variabiliteten av hjärtrytmen (HRV) och utföra olika sorters statistiska beräkningar som kan upptäcka episoder av förmaksflimmer som avviker från en normal sinusrytm. I detta projekt har två metoder för att detektera förmaksflimmer utvärderats i Matlab, en baseras på beräkningar av variationskoefficienten och den andra använder sig av logistisk regression. EKG som kommer från databasen Physionet MIT används för att träna och testa modeller av algoritmerna. Innan EKG-signalen kan användas måste den behandlas för att ta bort olika typer av brus och artefakter. Vid test av algoritmen med variationskoefficienten blev resultatet en sensitivitet på 91,38%, en specificitet på 93,93% och en noggrannhet på 92,92%. För logistisk regression blev sensitiviteten 97,23%, specificiteten 93,79% och noggrannheten 95,39%. Algoritmen med logistisk regression presterade bättre och valdes därför för att implementeras i Java, där uppnåddes en sensitivitet på 91,31%, en specificitet på 93,47% och en noggrannhet på 95,25%.

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Brites, Alice Dantas. "Monitoramento dos efeitos ecológicos e socioeconômicos da comercialização de produtos florestais não madereiros". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-24032011-215203/.

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A comercialização de produtos florestais não madeireiros (PFNMs) popularizou-se como atividade promotora do desenvolvimento socioeconômico de comunidades florestais com baixo impacto ambiental. Há evidências, contudo, de que a exploração possa produzir efeitos ecológicos e socioeconômicos negativos, sugerindo que é necessário monitorar tais iniciativas. A comercialização frequentemente ocorre em áreas remotas e em contextos de pobreza, como é o caso de muitas daquelas da Amazônia brasileira. Desta forma, é necessário que o monitoramento restrinja-se a avaliar os efeitos evidenciados como mais comuns em estudos anteriores. Este estudo revisa e sintetiza as evidências científicas dos efeitos da exploração de PFNMs sobre parâmetros ecológicos e socioeconômicos e, a partir daí, indica aqueles mais relevantes ao monitoramento. O estudo também levanta até que ponto o monitoramento é implementado no contexto da Amazônia brasileira e avalia quais os parâmetros importantes e viáveis de monitoramento neste caso específico. Para isso, foram realizadas revisões sistemáticas da literatura e a consulta a profissionais da área através do método Delphi. Os resultados indicam que efeitos ecológicos negativos são frequentes, principalmente quando se coletam folhas ou cascas. Alterações em órgãos ou processos fisiológicos e a taxa de sobrevivência dos espécimes explorados são parâmetros que devem ser monitorados, em particular quando se coletam frutos e partes vegetativas. Para todos os tipos de PFNMs, o tamanho e a estrutura populacional são parâmetros prioritários ao monitoramento. A riqueza de espécies da comunidade explorada merece atenção, principalmente quando se coletam frutos. Para os aspectos socioeconômicos, efeitos positivos foram mais frequentes que negativos. A contribuição da renda monetária obtida com o comércio na renda total, a regularidade de ingresso desta renda e o papel dos PFNMs como recursos de salvaguarda são parâmetros do capital financeiro prioritários ao monitoramento. Para o capital social, o empoderamento feminino, a coesão de grupo e o acesso aos benefícios gerados pela comercialização devem ser monitorados. Na Amazônia brasileira são poucas as iniciativas de implementação do monitoramento da comercialização de PFNMs. Embora este seja considerado importante, existem dificuldades que derivam principalmente da falta de apoio institucional, políticas de incentivo e de recursos financeiros. Os profissionais participantes do Delphi consideram que os parâmetros ecológicos mais importantes a monitorar neste contexto são o tamanho e a estrutura populacional do recurso explorado, o aumento da taxa de mortalidade, a quantidade total de recurso extraída e a técnica de coleta utilizada. Para os parâmetros econômicos, aspectos do mercado, como o preço pago ao coletor, a demanda e a qualidade do produto, bem como a renda monetária obtida pelos indivíduos são os parâmetros considerados mais importantes. Por fim, para os aspectos sociais, os efeitos na cultura, na qualidade de vida e na organização interna da comunidade foram priorizados. Os profissionais indicam que é viável estabelecer o monitoramento dos parâmetros levantados.
Amazon, non-timber forest products, ecological effects, socioeconomic effects, monitoring.

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Jhou, Wan-Jhen y 周琬真. "Convolutive independent component analysis by density estimation and leave-one-out approximation". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60627297990860247707.

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碩士
國立東華大學
應用數學系
93
This work explores blind separation of convolutive mixtures of independent sources. The convolutive structure consists of multiple, e.g. τ, mixing matrices, each corresponding to a different time delay, through which a segment of consecutive source signals are convoluted to form an observation. Based on the convolutive structure, the observations are temporally correlated among their different components. As τ = 1, the convolutive structure reduces to a linear transformation that produces temporally uncorrelated observations among different components, simply to a case typically attacked by independent component analysis (ICA). For arbitrary τ, estimating the convolutive structure as well as source signals subject to given observations decomposes to τ simultaneous sub-tasks following the leave-one approximation, each corresponding to optimizing a mixing matrix subject to a set of intermediate observations, each measuring the convolutive result of source signals through the other τ-1 mixing matrices. By the decomposition, each of τ simultaneous sub-tasks translates to a typical ICA task and can be directly resolved by the density estimation based ICA algorithm here. Numerical simulations show the novel approach is effective for blind source separation of fetal ECG and event-related potentials (ERP) signals.

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Libros sobre el tema "Leave one out method"

Busacca, Maurizio y Roberto Paladini. Collaboration Age. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-424-0.

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Recently, public policies of urban regeneration have intensified and multiplied. They are being promoted with the aim to start social and economic dynamics within the local context which is subject to intervention. From the empirical analysis, we realise that such activities are mainly implemented by three subjects or by mixed coalitions (public institutions, actors of the third sector and companies). Within them, each player is moved by a multiplicity of interests and goals that go beyond their own nature – public interest, market and mutualism – and tend to redefine themselves, thus becoming hybrid forms of production of value (social, economic, cultural). By studying a number Italian and Catalan cases, this essay deals with the theory that, under specific conditions and configurations, a collaborative direction – of organization, production and design – would give life to successful procedures, even without the identification of a one-best-way. The collaboration is not simply a choice of operation, but a real production method which mobilises social resources to create hybrid solutions – between state, market and society – to complex issues that could not be faced solely with the use of the rationale of action of one among the three actors. In this framework, the systems of relations and interactions between players and shared capital become an essential condition for the success of every initiative of urban redevelopment, or failure thereof. Such initiatives are brought to life by the strategic role of individuals who foster connections as well as the dissemination of non-redundant information between social networks, and collective and individual actors which would otherwise be separated and barely able to communicate and collaborate with each other. In addition to the functions carried out by knowledge brokers, that have been extensively described in organisational studies and economic sociology, the aforementioned figures act as real social enzymes, that is to say, they handle the available information and function as catalysts of social processes of production of knowledge. Moreover, they increase the reaction speed, working on mechanisms which control the spontaneity.

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Strong, S. I. 3. Step one in the IRAC method: the issue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198811152.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses the first step in the IRAC method of legal essay writing: namely, the identification of the major issue and the specific sub-issues that are in contention. It offers suggestions meant to help law students learn how to identify what question the examiners want them to answer, as well as how to write a two to three-sentence opening paragraph in approximately one minute. The chapter first considers the relationship of the IRAC method to legal practice before explaining in detail what an ‘issue’ is according to the IRAC methodology; why it is important to identify the issue explicitly in a legal essay or exam; and how to spot the major issues and the contentious sub-issues that arise out of a problem question. Examples of issue spotting are given. Writing tips are provided throughout the chapter.

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Foucault Welles, Brooke y Sandra González-Bailón, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Networked Communication. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190460518.001.0001.

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Communication technologies, including the Internet, social media, and countless online applications, create the infrastructure and interface through which many of our interactions take place today. This form of networked communication creates new questions about how we establish relationships, engage in public, build a sense of identity, and delimit the private domain. Digital technologies have also enabled new ways of observing the world; many of our daily interactions leave a digital trail that, if followed, can help us unravel the rhythms of social life and the complexity of the world we inhabit, including dynamics of change. The analysis of digital data requires partnerships across disciplinary boundaries that–although on the rise–are still uncommon. Social scientists, computer scientists, network scientists, and others have never been closer to their goal of trying to understand communication dynamics, but there are not many venues in which they can engage in an open exchange of methods and theoretical insights. This book opens that space and creates a platform to integrate the knowledge produced in different academic silos so that we can address the big puzzles that beat at the heart of social life in this networked age.

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Trout, J. D. All Talked Out. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190686802.001.0001.

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Few topics animate, even polarize, philosophers, more than Naturalism, a doctrine which states that philosophy is continuous with, and perhaps even replaceable by, sciences worthy of the name. On one side, fans of technical progress believe that the sciences can indeed replace philosophy with something that allows us to reason and explain better. On the other, advocates of the humanities herald the insights and methods of disciplines seemingly beyond the reach of science. But these disputes are often more about turf than truth. All Talked Out exemplifies the power of science in a philosopher’s hands and takes a welcome look at the resulting fate of philosophy. Based on Trout’s Phi Beta Kappa Romanell Lectures, each chapter presents a novel and positive view of intellectual advances while addressing traditional topics in philosophy, and each chapter explains why these achievements occurred despite the archaic and often retrograde influence of philosophical doctrine and method. While foundational reflection remains as necessary as ever, philosophy, as it is conceived of in the halls of academia, no longer adds anything distinctively useful. At its best, philosophy is a place to grow new ideas. But many other disciplines can and do provide that incubation. In the end, we don’t have to kill philosophy; but we do have to figure out what it’s good for. Following a spirited Introduction, the first lecture takes stock of the growing field of evidence-based approaches to reasoning and, in light of these scientific developments, criticizes important failures in epistemology as it is currently practiced in the English-speaking world. The second lecture examines the psychological impulse to explain, the resulting sense of understanding, and the natural limits on cognitively appreciating the subject we have explained. The final lecture, on social policy, presents the proper reaction to the idea that scientific evidence matters to responsible governance.

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Lafer, Gordon. The One Percent Solution. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501703065.001.0001.

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In the aftermath of the 2010 Citizens United decision, it's become commonplace to note the growing political dominance of a small segment of the economic elite. But what exactly are those members of the elite doing with their newfound influence? This book presents an account of legislation promoted by the US's biggest corporate lobbies across all fifty state legislatures and encompassing a wide range of labor and economic policies. In an era of growing economic insecurity, it turns out that one of the main reasons life is becoming harder for American workers is a relentless—and concerted—offensive by the country's best-funded and most powerful political forces: corporate lobbies empowered by the Supreme Court to influence legislative outcomes with an endless supply of cash. These actors have successfully championed hundreds of new laws that lower wages, eliminate paid sick leave, undo the right to sue over job discrimination, and cut essential public services. The book shows how corporate strategies have been shaped by twenty-first-century conditions—including globalization, economic decline, and the populism reflected in both the Trump and Sanders campaigns of 2016. Perhaps most important, the book shows that the corporate legislative agenda has come to endanger the scope of democracy itself.

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Hoffman, Lawrence A. Jewish Liturgy and Jewish Scholarship: Method and Cosmology. Editado por Martin Goodman. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199280322.013.0029.

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The state of Jewish liturgy as a modern discipline has received treatment in many quarters. This article describes liturgical study in Judaism. It examines how Jewish liturgy is a discipline on its own. It now turns out that if it is a discipline, it is a very postmodern one, in the sense that it asks how Jews construct the meaning of their lives. New paradigms do not necessarily displace old ones; they build on them. The scientific rigour of the philologists is as important as ever; the reconstruction of piyyutim and rites serves as raw. With the abandoning of the model by which only origins matter, and with the understanding that every communal ritualizing deserves attention for what it says about Jewish identity, liturgy is becoming a ‘post-discipline’ with enormous potential.

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Rose, Jonathan. Readers' Liberation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723554.001.0001.

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The Literary Agenda is a series of short polemical monographs about the importance of literature and of reading in the wider world and about the state of literary education inside schools and universities. The category of 'the literary' has always been contentious. What is clear, however, is how increasingly it is dismissed or is unrecognised as a way of thinking or an arena for thought. It is sceptically challenged from within, for example, by the sometimes rival claims of cultural history, contextualized explanation, or media studies. It is shaken from without by even greater pressures: by economic exigency and the severe social attitudes that can follow from it; by technological change that may leave the traditional forms of serious human communication looking merely antiquated. For just these reasons this is the right time for renewal, to start reinvigorated work into the meaning and value of literary reading. For the Internet and digitial generation, the most basic human right is the freedom to read. The Web has indeed brought about a rapid and far-reaching revolution in reading, making a limitless global pool of literature and information available to anyone with a computer. At the same time, however, the threats of censorship, surveillance, and mass manipulation through the media have grown apace. Some of the most important political battles of the twenty-first century have been fought--and will be fought--over the right to read. Will it be adequately protected by constitutional guarantees and freedom of information laws? Or will it be restricted by very wealthy individuals and very powerful institutions? And given increasingly sophisticated methods of publicity and propaganda, how much of what we read can we believe? This book surveys the history of independent sceptical reading, from antiquity to the present. It tells the stories of heroic efforts at self-education by disadvantaged people in all parts of the world. It analyzes successful reading promotion campaigns throughout history (concluding with Oprah Winfrey) and explains why they succeeded. It also explores some disturbing current trends, such as the reported decay of attentive reading, the disappearance of investigative journalism, 'fake news', the growth of censorship, and the pervasive influence of advertisers and publicists on the media--even on scientific publishing. For anyone who uses libraries and Internet to find out what the hell is going on, this book is a guide, an inspiration, and a warning.

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William A, Schabas. Part 8 Appeal and Revision: Appel et Révision, Art.82 Appeal against other decisions/Appel d’autres décisions. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0087.

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This chapter comments on Article 82 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 82 deals with appeal against ‘other decisions’, which is often referred to as ‘interlocutory appeal’. It sets out the applicable rules and principles governing the appeal of decisions that do not involve acquittal, conviction, and sentence — a matter governed by article 81 of the Statute. Article 82 distinguishes two categories of appeal, one that exists of right and does not require leave of the Court, and the other requiring leave of the Court. There are three types of decision that are subject to appeal by any party, without any preliminary authorization from the Court: those concerning jurisdiction or admissibility; those granting or denying release of the person being investigated or prosecuted; and a decision of the Pre-Trial Chamber to act on its own initiative in order to preserve evidence during an investigation.

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Banati, Prerna, ed. Sustainable Human Development Across the Life Course. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529204827.001.0001.

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Sustainable Human Development Across the Lifecourse brings together impactful findings that respond to the United Nations’ Agenda 2030 commitment to ‘leave no one behind’. Drawing together international longitudinal studies researching child and adolescent wellbeing in over 40 countries, contributors explore a wide range and complexity of pressing global issues, with emphasis given to excluded and vulnerable populations and gender inequality. Importantly, the book sets out actionable strategies for policy makers and practitioners to help strengthen the global Sustainable Development Goals framework, accelerate their implementation and guide improvements for effective public policy.

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Caney, Simon. Justice and Posterity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813248.003.0009.

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What kind of world should current generations bequeath to those who come after them? One appealing principle holds that those alive at any one time should leave future people with a standard of living that is at least as good as the one that they claim for themselves. Versions of this principle have been put forward by economists, philosophers, and legal scholars. However, while the principle is an attractive one, its meaning is also elusive. This chapter therefore explores how best to spell out the underlying principle. It then seeks to motivate support for this principle and to outline its implications for development, global inequalities, and addressing climate change.

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Más fuentes

Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Leave one out method"

Tsumoto, Shusaku y Shoji Hirano. "Evaluation of Leave-One Out Method Based on Incremental Sampling Scheme". En Rough Sets and Intelligent Systems Paradigms, 225–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08729-0_22.

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Chernousova, Elena, Nikolay Razin, Olga Krasotkina, Vadim Mottl y David Windridge. "Linear Regression via Elastic Net: Non-enumerative Leave-One-Out Verification of Feature Selection". En Clusters, Orders, and Trees: Methods and Applications, 377–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0742-7_22.

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Zhang, Tong. "A Leave-One-out Cross Validation Bound for Kernel Methods with Applications in Learning". En Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 427–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44581-1_28.

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Webb, Geoffrey I., Claude Sammut, Claudia Perlich, Tamás Horváth, Stefan Wrobel, Kevin B. Korb, William Stafford Noble et al. "Leave-One-Out Error". En Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, 601. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_470.

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Tsuda, Koji y Motoaki Kawanabe. "The Leave-One-Out Kernel". En Artificial Neural Networks — ICANN 2002, 727–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46084-5_118.

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Webb, Geoffrey I., Claude Sammut, Claudia Perlich, Tamás Horváth, Stefan Wrobel, Kevin B. Korb, William Stafford Noble et al. "Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation". En Encyclopedia of Machine Learning, 600–601. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_469.

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Ackermann, Friedrich, Grit Herrmann, Stefan Posch y Gerhard Sagerer. "Evaluierung eines Protein-Dockingsystems durch Leave-One-Out-Test". En Informatik aktuell, 130–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80294-2_14.

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Ruxin, Qin, Chen Jing, Deng Naiyang y Tian Yingjie. "A Leave-One-Out Bound for ν−Support Vector Regression". En Computational Science – ICCS 2007, 669–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72588-6_113.

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Yuan, Jin, Yan-Ming Li, Cheng-Liang Liu y Xuan F. Zha. "Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation Based Model Selection for Manifold Regularization". En Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2010, 457–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13278-0_59.

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Bo, Liefeng, Ling Wang y Licheng Jiao. "Multiple Parameter Selection for LS-SVM Using Smooth Leave-One-Out Error". En Advances in Neural Networks — ISNN 2005, 851–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11427391_136.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Leave one out method"

Wang, Xiaolin, Masao Utiyama, Andrew Finch, Taro Watanabe y Eiichiro Sumita. "Leave-one-out Word Alignment without Garbage Collector Effects". En Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d15-1209.

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Tsumoto, Shusaku y Shoji Hirano. "Formal analysis of leave-one out method based on decremental sampling scheme". En 2014 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2014.6974349.

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Liu, Jianguo, Neil Danait, Shawn Hu y Sayon Sengupta. "A leave-one-feature-out wrapper method for feature selection in data classification". En 2013 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2013.6747021.

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Fukuta, Kentaro, Tomomasa Nagashima y Yoshifumi Okada. "LEAF: Leave-One-Out Forward Selection Method for Cancer Classification Using Gene Expression Data". En 2010 IEEE/ACIS 9th International Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICIS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icis.2010.132.

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Tsumoto, Shusaku y Shoji Hirano. "Formal Analysis of Leave-One-Out Methods Based on Decremental Sampling Scheme". En 2014 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence (WI) and Intelligent Agent Technologies (IAT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wi-iat.2014.121.

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Zhang, Bo, Xianyuan Huang, Long Fan y Guobin Chang. "Sparseness of the LS-SVM algorithm based on the leave one out cross validation method with Multibeam data". En EITCE 2020: 2020 4th International Conference on Electronic Information Technology and Computer Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3443467.3443763.

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Wang, Yu-Jen, Shyang-Jye Chang, Kuo-Chieh Fu y Chien-Erh Weng. "Design of a Dual-Resonance Excitation Langevin Piezoelectric Actuator Using Taguchi Method". En ASME 2016 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2016-9506.

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For injection molding, knock-out pin will leave ejector marks on the parts of product. While making micro-structured components, the pin for normal ejector system is usually bigger than the micro-structured one. It would leave marks while part ejection process and it would even destroy the exterior of micro-structured components sometimes. In order to avoid this situation, this research is to design a Langevin transducer using the theory of Smooth Impact Drive Mechanism (SIDM) as a linear actuator. The dimensions of the Langevin piezoelectric actuator was determined using the Taguchi method to set the first and third minimum impedance frequency ratio at nearly 1:2. The mold equipped with the double layer Langevin transducer could demold the parts without knock-out pin in the plastic injection molding process.

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Zurru, Antioco Luigi, Antonello Mura y Ilaria Tatulli. "Leave no one behind. Design inclusive motor activities in Primary Teacher Education Courses". En Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9411.

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The development of international policies supporting inclusive education of people with disabilities has initiated a process of social democratization, that requires specific interventions and skills of multiple professionals.The education of future preschool and primary school teachers faces the challenge of inclusion and becomes fertile soil for the promotion of cultural change in society.In this sense, this research work, starting from the experiences of planning and development of inclusive motor activities, conducted for three years in the degree course in Primary Education Sciences of an Italian university, it collects testimonies, experiences and reflections of the students concerning the learning gained in the workshops organized by the degree course and to those acquired during the observation of the different public schools where they carried out the compulsory training to become teachers.The results, collected by the qualitative analysis of data, induce different levels of reflection concerning the current schooling educational practices for teaching motor activity, the training needs of future teachers, the elaboration of specific contents and teaching methods/strategies for the preparation of spaces and tools that guarantee the full accessibility of learning for all the students.

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Black, Emily y Matt Fredrikson. "Leave-one-out Unfairness". En FAccT '21: 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445894.

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Bender, Dieter, Ali Jalali, Daniel J. Licht y C. Nataraj. "Prediction of Periventricular Leukomalacia Occurrence in Neonates Using a Novel Support Vector Machine Classifier Optimization Method". En ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9984.

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Prior work has documented that Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers can be powerful tools in predicting clinical outcomes of complex diseases such as Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL). Our previous study showed that SVM performance can be improved significantly by optimizing the supervised training set used during the learning stage of the overall SVM algorithm. This study fully develops the initial idea using the reliable Leave-One-Out Cross-validation (LOOCV) technique. The work presented in this paper confirms previous results and improves the performance of the SVM even further. In addition, using the LOOCV technique, the computational time is decreased and the structure of the algorithm simplified, making this framework more feasible. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of the resulting optimized SVM classifier on an unseen set of data. This demonstrates that the developed SVM algorithm outperforms normal SVM type classifiers without any loss of generalization.

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Informes sobre el tema "Leave one out method"

Iyer, R., J. P. Shulka y A. Verma. Community Leave No One Behind: Lessons from a Pilot. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.014.

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In 2020, WSSCC’s India Support Unit (now UNOPS) piloted a new participatory approach called Community Leave No One Behind (CLNOB) to support the Swachh Bharat Mission Grameen (SBM-G) Phase II. The pilot took place in five districts in India (Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh, Ranchi in Jharkhand, Kamrup in Assam, South 24 Paragnas in West Bengal and Purnea in Bihar). A Prerak (facilitator) was appointed in each district to support this process and work within villages at community level. The Sanitation Learning Hub supported an accompanying learning component of the pilot, facilitating learning sessions between the preraks and the development of a Handbook based on the experience. This learning brief outlines the purpose of CLNOB, the actions generated by the pilot and our reflections of the CLNOB approach. The CLNOB Handbook, a handbook on Community Leave No One Behind, accompanies this Learning Brief. CLNOB was designed to ensure a participatory method to enable sustained access to safely managed sanitation facilities for people who have been ‘left behind’ or left out of the first phase of India’s national sanitation campaign.

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MARTINEZ, RUBEL F. A Visual Empirical Region of Influence Pattern Recognition Tool for Leave-One-Out Data Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/793409.

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Shukla, J. P. y Anupma Verma. Community Leave No One Behind: Handbook For Practitioners. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.015.

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Community-Leave No One Behind (CLNOB) is a new participatory approach to identify both challenges and solutions in community's journeys towards ODF-S. It has been designed to be integrated into Phase II of the Swachh Bharat Mission-Grameen (SBM-G). The government of India has issued the guidelines for Phase II of SBM-G, of which one of the guiding principles is ensuring that no one is left behind. CLNOB demonstrates a way to achieve this goal. It encourages communities to identify gaps in sanitation coverage and use and promote actions they can take themselves. The purposes of this handbook are two-fold: first to inform policymakers and stakeholders at all levels about this new initiative, and second to provide guidance to facilitators and practitioners for CLNOB implementation. This handbook is a living document and will be updated and refined after more field experiences are conducted. It is based on limited experience from a small pilot carried out between June and October 2020 during the challenging environment of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Li, Howell, Tom Platte, Jijo K. Mathew, W. Benjamin Smith, Enrique Saldivar-Carranza y Darcy M. Bullock. Using Connected Vehicle Data to Reassess Dilemma Zone Performance of Heavy Vehicles. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317321.

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The rate of fatalities at signalized intersections involving heavy vehicles is nearly five times higher than for passenger vehicles in the US. Previous studies in the US have found that heavy vehicles are twice as likely to violate a red light compared with passenger vehicles. Current technologies leverage setback detection to extend green time for a particular phase and are based upon typical deceleration rates for passenger cars. Furthermore, dilemma zone detectors are not effective when the max out time expires and forces the onset of yellow. This study proposes the use of connected vehicle (CV) technology to trigger force gap out (FGO) before a vehicle is expected to arrive within the dilemma zone limit at max out time. The method leverages position data from basic safety messages (BSMs) to map-match virtual waypoints located up to 1,050 ft in advance of the stop bar. For a 55 mph approach, field tests determined that using a 6 ft waypoint radius at 50 ft spacings would be sufficient to match 95% of BSM data within a 5% lag threshold of 0.59 s. The study estimates that FGOs reduce dilemma zone incursions by 34% for one approach and had no impact for the other. For both approaches, the total dilemma zone incursions decreased from 310 to 225. Although virtual waypoints were used for evaluating FGO, the study concludes by recommending that trajectory-based processing logic be incorporated into controllers for more robust support of dilemma zone and other emerging CV applications.

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Downing, W. Logan, Howell Li, William T. Morgan, Cassandra McKee y Darcy M. Bullock. Using Probe Data Analytics for Assessing Freeway Speed Reductions during Rain Events. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317350.

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Rain impacts roadways such as wet pavement, standing water, decreased visibility, and wind gusts and can lead to hazardous driving conditions. This study investigates the use of high fidelity Doppler data at 1 km spatial and 2-minute temporal resolution in combination with commercial probe speed data on freeways. Segment-based space-mean speeds were used and drops in speeds during rainfall events of 5.5 mm/hour or greater over a one-month period on a section of four to six-lane interstate were assessed. Speed reductions were evaluated as a time series over a 1-hour window with the rain data. Three interpolation methods for estimating rainfall rates were tested and seven metrics were developed for the analysis. The study found sharp drops in speed of more than 40 mph occurred at estimated rainfall rates of 30 mm/hour or greater, but the drops did not become more severe beyond this threshold. The average time of first detected rainfall to impacting speeds was 17 minutes. The bilinear method detected the greatest number of events during the 1-month period, with the most conservative rate of predicted rainfall. The range of rainfall intensities were estimated between 7.5 to 106 mm/hour for the 39 events. This range was much greater than the heavy rainfall categorization at 16 mm/hour in previous studies reported in the literature. The bilinear interpolation method for Doppler data is recommended because it detected the greatest number of events and had the longest rain duration and lowest estimated maximum rainfall out of three methods tested, suggesting the method balanced awareness of the weather conditions around the roadway with isolated, localized rain intensities.

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