Tesis sobre el tema "Linguistique chinoise"
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Chi, Yumei. "Origines et évolutions des particules structurales "DE" du chinois pré-archaïque au chinois bas-médiéval (15e siècle avant JC- 13e siècle après JC)". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0032.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the 6 functions of the particle DE or the Chinese mandarin, in the aim to understand its origins and evolutions since the pre-archaic Chinese to the late-medieval Chinese. Thus, this study ends in the period of the arrival of DI, embryo of DE, in adopting the diachronic approach. Two phases of evolution are noticed: the evolution of the traditional particles, as well as the brusque arrival of the new panicle DI. The first stage of the evolution which we qualify as 'regular', concerns the traditional particles: ZHl and ZHE. ZHI seems have appeared before ZHE. Nevertheless, by a stimulation of parallelism, some initial particles' functions of the ZHE were provoked by ZHl During ail the long ways of the evolution, bath ZHI and ZHE have interacted one to another, the interaction has conducted the birth of some other particles' functions of these two panicles. When the particles' fonctions of the traditional particles zm and ZHE become strong and mature, we have observed the arrival of the new particle DI, which was brusque and atypical. This phenomena shows that the origin of, seems not 'genetic', but emblematic. On conclusion, the origin of the evolution of DI, is composed at the first step, the evolution 'genetic', ' parallelism' and 'interactive' through the reanalyse, the grammaticalisation; then the second stage is constructed with an intervention of emblematic fusion, via an indication metaphoric
Yong, Yi-Chine. "Approche des cultures française et chinoise à travers les proberbes, les locutions et les expressions imagées". Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030074.
Texto completo* by a comparative study of the most significant expressions in each language. * by implementing a pedagogic instrument employing those expressions when teaching french to chinese students, and teaching chinese to french students. This consists of: * first, picking up expressions coming from popular tradition. History, writers and philosophers, translating them and analysing them; * next, making people discover different as well as similar significations in both cultures without canceling their own particularities; * and, specially, using proverbs and other idioms which represent civilisation and are a link to give access to "what is the other". Thanks to this approach, it is possible to mild this "cultural shock" created out of geographical difference. This also helps in building bridge between two rich cultures
Wang, Zhen. "Extraction en langue chinoise d'actions spatiotemporalisées réalisées par des personnes ou des organismes". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INAL0006.
Texto completoWe have developed an automatic analyser and an extraction module for Chinese langage processing. The analyser performs automatic Chinese word segmentation based on linguistic rules and dictionaries, part-of-speech tagging based on n-gram statistics and dependency grammar parsing. The module allows to extract information around named entities and activities. In order to achieve these goals, we have tackled the following main issues: segmentation and part-of-speech ambiguity; unknown word identification in Chinese text; attachment ambiguity in parsing. Chinese texts are analysed sentence by sentence. Given a sentence, the analyzer begins with typographic processing to identify sequences of Latin characters and numbers. Then, dictionaries are used for preliminary segmentation into words. Linguistic-based rules are used to create proper noun hypotheses and change the weight of some word categories. These rules take into account word context. An n-gram language model is created from a training corpus and selects the best word segmentation and parts-of-speech. Dependency grammar parsing is used to annotate relations between words. A first step of named entity recognition is performed after parsing. Its goal is to identify single-word named entities and noun-phrase-based named entities and to determine their semantic type. These named entities are then used in knowledge extraction. Knowledge extraction rules are used to validate named entities or to change their types. Knowledge extraction consists of two steps: automatic content extraction and tagging from analysed text; extracted contents control and ontology-based co-reference resolution
Ma, Yifan. "Iconicité dans la grammaire du chinois". Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL009/document.
Texto completoThe notion of iconicity has become an interesting topic in the Western cognitive linguistics today. We chose to study the problem of iconicity in the context of Chinese grammar. Like any "ideographic" language, the Mandarin Chinese reveal a high degree of iconicity by his writing. In the history of Chinese linguistics, many studies have been done on the similarity between the form of the Chinese character and the sense which it represents. However, we only began to develop the notion of iconicity in the phonetic and syntactic domains with the introduction of cognitive linguistics in China thirty years ago. In this thesis, we will develop the notion of iconicity in the grammar of Chinese in three aspects by giving abundant exemples: phonetics, Chinese characters and syntax
Shen, Hanjiao. "La langue chinoise du cyberespace et l'émergence de l'activité langagière d'interaction écrite synchrone et asynchrone en chinois". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCF003/document.
Texto completoThis paper is interested in the specificities of Chinese cyberlanguage and a new language activity: interactive writing, in the field of Teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. We introduce the phenomenon of Chinese cyberlanguage from the linguistic and cultural angle, which proves to be a vivid and rich linguistic landscape with burst of the neologisms, the néographismes and the landslides of grammar. We discuss the Chinese language of cyberspace in interactive writing through the textual and paratextual analysis for discovering its discursive, pragmatic, interactional and cultural aspects. We discuss also the specificities and the presentations of the virtual identities of the Chinese cybercommunity. The analysis of corpus has a didactic purpose: the emergence of the new activity “interactive writing”, which is the final key of this paper. In light of Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, we have discussed its place in the teaching of languages and its influence on learning, teaching and assessment of teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. Because of the specificity of writing of Chinese language, this activity deserves a profound debate on every aspect of Teaching of Chinese as a foreign language
Zhang, Yijing. "Traduire l’impensé, penser l’intraduisible. La première traduction chinoise des Catégories d’Aristote". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040119.
Texto completoAristotle’s Categories is one of the first Western philosophical texts translated into Chinese. Since Jesuit missionaries introduced scientific thoughts into China in the 17th century, Chinese literati have shown a strong interest in the demonstration method that was originated in Aristotelian logic. This dissertation presents a detailed study of the Chinese translation Ming li tan, with the aim of addressing several issues on the relationship between language and thought. Chapter 1 is an overview of the historical and cultural environment in which the translation took place. Chapter 2 presents our approach to comparative philosophy. Chapter 3 discusses the translation of the title “Ming li tan”. The term “ming li” is used as a translation of the word “logic”, but is actually composed of terms referring to Chinese philosophical doctrines which deal with problems fundamentally different from those of the Aristotelian logic. Chapters 4 and 5 provide a detailed commentary of the Chinese translation of the first chapter of Categories, focusing in particular on three notions: homonym, synonym and paronym. We conclude our work with a discussion on the translation of the verb “to be” and its derivatives (e.g., being, substance), and explain the reasoning behind its various Chinese renditions. Our central claim is that what is lost in translation is less the literal meaning of word “to be” than its syntax and the way of thinking underlying the use of this word. The focus on translation provides a unique approach to studying linguistic relativism and linguistic and cultural pluralism. A good understanding of these issues is crucial for improving the intercultural dialogue
Goudin, Yoann. "L'intercompréhension en langues sinogrammiques : théories, représentations, enjeux, et modalités d'une didactique de la variation". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF035.
Texto completoThis doctoral thesis analyzes the current teaching and learning models among languages that were, and still are, in contact with the Chinese script, and that retain this influence in their modern lexicon : the sinogramic languages. This thesis asserts that such a course can be designed through a complete didactic reformulation of how to teach sinograms, not only in their graphic dimension, but also their phonological identity, in order for the student to imagine pronouncing a sinogram in the target-language according to his/her understanding of an already acquired 'bridge-language'. The thesis is divided into three parts. First, there is an epistemological discussion of the European approach to Chinese language and script, with the sole graphic - «ideographic» - focus, which shadowed traditional phonological practices. Next, the design of an alternative approach is proposed in which sinogram-based learning is not rooted in the so called concentrated approach, according to which sinogram types are selected in order of their frequency and adaptability within the contemporary lexicon. This alternative approach is discussed based on the training of the sinogramic system as a whole: the global approach. Finally, the main process for mutual understanding, which is called sinogramic transposition, is introduced to show how students can be trained to understand and produce readings of sinograms in the target-language
Meng, Yinghua. "La traduction de la littérature chinoise contemporaine en France (1981-2012) : état des lieux, stratégies de traduction, problèmes et réflexions". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0397.
Texto completoChinese contemporary literature, while almost unknown thirty or more years ago in France, begins to occupy a place we can non longer ignore. In the present work, after presenting a panorama of the translation and the reception of this literature in France (1981-2012), we will try to explore in detail some technical aspects of its translation : strategies used by the translators and the efforts they make when facing translation problems. Being a descriptive and analytical research, it will deal with six translation objects : “spelling and image of Chinese characters’’, “wordplay’’, “proverbs’’, “xiehouyu’’, “onomatopoeia’’ and “sub free direct discourse’’, taking into account thirty four translations of seven Chinese contemporary writers : Mo Yan 莫言, Su Tong 苏童, Yu Hua 余华, Bi Feiyu 毕飞宇, Chi Li 池莉, A Cheng 阿城 and Jia Pingwa 贾平凹. The analysis of different strategies will be done in an dialectic approach which aims to overcome theoretical dichotomies opposing radically the author and the reader. While studying convergences, diversities and complexities of methods, we will try to shed light on factors that influence or govern the choices of the translator, in a targeted manner, according to each of the six studied objects. Far from establishing a list of unsuitable choices, losses and translation mistakes or issuing instructions, we wish to draw attention to the real constraints or difficulties that translators of the Chinese language come across during their work, and offer opportunity for thought
Nie, Qingyuan. "L'apprentissage du chinois en France : impact des représentations et engagement des apprenants". Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0004/document.
Texto completoThis thesis looks at how French students' ideas of the Chinese language affect their study of it. We focus on the way these ideas reflect the reasons for taking up Chinese in the first place, and how they develop as study proceeds. The first section discusses the sociolinguistic position of Chinese as it has changed over time, how its status has evolved in France and in the world. The second part lays out our concepts and the methods (questionnaires and interviews) employed in our research. In the third part we present our principal conclusions concerning students' ideas about Chinese and the effect of these on their commitment to their studies. Our relevant research lets us provide evidence confirming that these ideas have an important effect here. Actually, students evolve in their sense of the language. These changes can affect the nature and intensity of their commitment to their studies, depending on how they are when they begin, how long they stay with their study, and aims of study as they develop; also in the way they incorporate these studies into their daily lives and in their sense of the future. Sometimes these changes are influenced by externalities, having to do with sociabilty, friends, family, institutional or professional expectations. In conclusion we take the opportunity to make some suggestions, on the basis of our results, for changes in teaching Chinese which could improve classroom practice and revive the commitment of the students
Yu, Mengyang. "Analyse linguistique de l'expression des émotions en chinois". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL181.
Texto completoEmotions are omnipresent. They are expressed by lexemes, fixed expressions, but also interjections, insults, gestures, facial expressions, the prosody of an utterance ... Besides, there are also the cases where by a certain syntactic structure for example we feel the emotional nuances. The question of emotion is therefore complex and subject to research in many areas. Based on Darwin's two fundamental postulates - the universality of the expression of emotions and its adaptability - researchers have developed different theoretical schools that make us ask the following questions: Are emotions universally expressed in the same way? Are they biologically determined? What role does the individual play in the resentment of emotions? What are the impacts of society and culture on the perception and expression of emotions? Etc. In the framework of thesis we propose to study these questions through a research on the expression of emotions in Chinese. To do this, we performed an analysis of the decoding of emotional discourses, a seminal analysis in Mandarin and French, in order to then build semantic networks that help to better understand the specificities of expression and the understanding of emotions in Chinese and French, an analysis of the conceptualization of emotions in Chinese, a search for innovations in the expression of emotions in Chinese in digital conversations and in oral, and finally a syntactic analysis of the linguistic expression of emotion in Mandarin, both oral and written. This study on the expression of emotions in Chinese allowed us to show that emotion is a psychological phenomenon largely influenced by social and cultural factors
Cartier, Alice. "Problèmes de linguistique contrastive indonésien-chinois transitivité et passivation". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596571d.
Texto completoCartier, Alice. "Problemes de linguistique contrastive indonesien chinois. Transitivite et passivation". Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070064.
Texto completoThis is a contrastive study of two independant languages focusing on their differences but mostly on their common properties. The aim is to discover the underlying properties of transitivity and passivization through an investigation of the morphology and the syntax of these two languages. Passive is viewed as the implication of transitivity. Transitivity is taken in the sense of hopper & thompson (language 1980 : 251-99), i. E. As involving a number of parameters concerned with the effectiveness of the event. According to both authors transitivity operates not only at the sentence level but also at the discourse level. In as much as we are solely dealing with the sentence level, only parameters relevant to this level are taken into consideration. Secondly, both authors did not investigate how the parameters are applied to different languages. Thus the introduction of the concept of transitive structures, in which the presence absence of a parameter x triggers the presence absence of a parameter y is intended as a
Wang, Xinxia. "Dictionnaires bilingues français-chinois : outils linguistiques et didactiques". Paris, INALCO, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INAL0004.
Texto completoThe bilingual dictionary is a requisite tool for language and culture learning. From the perspective of lexicology, bilingual lexicography, contrastive linguistics and didactics of FLE, the present research is mainly focused on the role that French-Chinese dictionaries play in language learning. To get a better understanding of problems relating to vocabulary teaching and learning as well as to the traditional bilingual dictionaries used by Chinese students, the author has made enquiries from a number of Chinese students and teachers. Statistics show that one of the biggest obstacles in a vocabulary learning for the Chinese students is their difficulty in mobilizing the words they have learned at their disposal to express themselves in a correct and appropriate way. The obstacle, from the perspective of dictionary, lies in the disadvantages of the traditional bilingual dictionaries. In order to overcome the disadvantages of traditional bilingual dictionaries and let French-Chinese dictionaries play a better role in language learning, especially at the level of encoding, the author, inspired by some elements of the Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology (ECL) and the application of the theory, proposes a new bilingual dictionary that puts the emphasis on the paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations between lexical items. The new bilingual dictionary, as well as a new systematic pedagogiy in lexicon, is aimed at helping Chinese students to develop a better lexical competence and a better capacity to use the lexicologygraphical tools
Nghia, Khun. "Les énoncés complexes en "de shihou" en chinois". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070026.
Texto completoIn this dissertation, I study the sentences involving the subordinate clause with cte shihou (= Pdeshihou), in addition to a general prospect for the temporal adverb. Accordingly, I base on an analysis of aspectual system. I regard the aspectual properties of subordinate clauses and main clauses as the essential parameters which govern the relation between the two clauses. Based on these parameters, as well as the criteria such as the referentiality of the subjects of the two clauses and the presence of the adverb of quantification jiu, 1) I examine the various semantic values of Pdeshihou — six semantic values are studied ; 2) I determine the conditions of the generic or not generic interpretation of sentences involving Pdeshihou ; 3) I analyze the syntactic structure and the hierarchy of sentences involving Pdeshihou ; 4) I study the temporal localization of the Chinese sentence. My research is within a framework where intervene and interfere syntax, semantics and the discursive one. Thus It amount in a total and coherent analysis of the complex sentences involving Pdeshihou
Djang, Yali. "Le factitif en français et en chinois : aspects linguistique et didactique". Grenoble 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE39010.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to describe how the causatif system works in french and chinese. Since the problems, to be described or to be solved, in the two languages are not on the same level, we are obliged to present each of them separately in an analytical manner before we present the real comparison section of the study. In the first section we will mainly try to justify the specific status of the grammaticalized causative construction "faire + infinitive" which, unlike all other constructions "verb + infinitive", form a particular construction in modern french. The following section will begin with a presentation of the ancient chinese causatif which will help us to explain some causative phenomena of chinese today. A description of today's causative chinese will follow which will answer questions concerning the status of the grammaticalized causative operateurs. The comparison section will let us reveal more details on some points which either bring together or split apart the two linguistic systems. This section will also, above all, describe phenomena which would have been neglected in a non-comparative study. Since this thesis has been written in a didactic perspective we will finish by an analysis of existing grammars to bring about how they treat the causatif and to show how insufficient they are
Devienne, Frédéric. "Considérations thèoriques sur l'écriture par deux lettrés chinois au début du 20e siècle". Paris, EPHE, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPHE4041.
Texto completoChan, Kwang Guan Daniel. "La négation et la polarité en chinois contemporain". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070013.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with negation in contemporary Chinese from the point of view of its diversity, its scalarity, and polarity items. The content is divided into two parts. In the first part, which concerns its diversity, negation is treated on the morphosyntactic, syntactic and pragmatic level. On the morphosyntactic level, we revisit the problem of the choice between two negation markers (bu and méî) in relation to its aspectual features. On the syntactic level, we seek to unify these two markers within the generative syntax framework, while considering the alternation between these negation markers and affirmation markers, as well as the cases of multiple negations. On the pragmatic level, we analyse several commonly used forms and particles that contribute to implicit negation. In the second part, we attempt to demonstrate that negation is "scalar", to the extent that one can strengthen or tone down negative meaning through the use of negative polarity items. We bring to light the fonction and operation of polarity items (PI) in general through the study of the so-called "scalarity" of negation, and of its affirmative counterpart. We then examine how the quantitative value and syntactic position of polarity items work in tandem to produce positive or negative meaning in sentences. Finally, we discuss the possibility of restricting IP to certain syntactic classes
Pan, Junnan. "Interrogation et quantification : le rôle et la fonction des particules et des syntagmes interrogatifs en chinois mandarin". Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3013.
Texto completoQi, Chong. "Néologie et terminologie : analyse et classification des emprunts lexicaux en chinois". Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHESA020.
Texto completoWang, Renlei. "Détection linguistique et remédiation didactique des erreurs en français écrit d'apprenants chinois". Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE1171.
Texto completoBased on error analysis, our doctoral thesis intends to study Chinese learners’ writing skills in French —knowledge, competence and relationship with writing —, and to propose some pedagogical advice ofremediation from the detection of the errors. In order to achieve this, we collected 82 narrative texts (in twoversions) written by 46 Chinese students majoring in French in a Chinese university, their replies to twoquestionnaires (about their relationship with French writing) as well as the statements from six teachers in thecontext of semi-structured interviews (about their relationship with French writing). First of all, the analysis ofthe questionnaires and interviews revealed that the two populations had a relatively less than positiverelationship with French writing. Then, we analyzed the errors detected in the narratives, which are pragmatic,linguistic and textual, and the possible sources of these errors — which we sought to explain by consideringthe three poles of the didactic triangle: the knowledge, the learner and the teacher. The analysis of traces ofthe relationship with writing according to the effects of the subsequent production showed that the ensuingproduction has an overall positive effect on the linguistic quality of the produced texts. This last analysis, whichhighlights the students' investment in the writing process, relativizes our first conclusions about the students'relationship with writing in the corpus. Ultimately, relying on these results, we proposed some didacticinterventions in order to remedy the errors of the Chinese learners when writing French and to promote writtenproduction in the class of French as a foreign language
Li, Jun. "Réalisations prosodiques de la focalisation large en mandarin : profils temporels et configurations tonales". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070052.
Texto completoThis study discusses the prosodic problem of the broad focus in Chinese declarative nominal syntagmes and phrases. Based on the data, I show that the prosodic representation of the board focus relates to the semantic and syntactic representation of the sentence and to the individual expressive intention and purpose. Moreover, I investigate that there is some interactions between the expressive factors, the tonal effects and the broad focus prosodic representation (the accent-to-focus assignment and the intonational pattern). These results demonstrate that the prosody plays the distinctive role in the broad focus interpretation on the production and perception: on the production the prosody is considered as a factor which could be affected and changed by other aspects such as syntactic structure, semantic representation and pragmatic effect; and on the perception the prosody considered as an independent factor according to which the interlocutor captures the meaning of information transmitted
Qiu, Haiying. "La négation en chinois et en français : étude comparative". Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040001.
Texto completoThis comparative study is an attempts to bring a logico-semantic approch to bear on the way the negative is expressed in chinese and in french. The choice of the appropriate negative form depends on the respective priorities resulting from the specific features of each system. Thus modern chinese is characterized by an interweaving of the negative and the aspectual systems, whereas in french time-aspect and the negative are intirely separate concerns. French, on the other hand, is characterized by a rich morphology and the various negative morphemes can be classified according to the different levels of the sentence to which they roughly correspond, inversely, some of them can function at different levels of the sentence. The comparison reveals both different attention that each language gives to certains problems and similar aspects that might be of use when thinking of the negative as a universal
Liu, Te-hsin. "Marque, registre et contour dans les systèmes tonals en chinois". Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/140535209#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completoThis dissertation concerns "the positional character of the tone" in Chinese, and suggests to rehabilitate representations to explain, in particular, diverse tone sandhi processes in Chinese. The hypothesis of a tonal periodic skeleton HLHL allows to resolve some of the problems raised by current representational and OT analyses, and sheds light on two questions unexplained by phonetics: i) Why are there systems with only contour tones in Chinese ? ii) Why does a level tone have an equal or superior duration to a contour tone, whereas the latter is supposed to be more complicated to produce according to phoneticians ? The proposed representations address these two questions and predict a formal hierarchy of tonal markedness. The theory developped here implies that Chinese contour tones can be analyzed as a succession of two level tones defined by an intratonal government relationship. A theoretical advantage of this conception is to avoid positing register primitives, the latter being incoporated into the tonal representation. Consequently, independant register spread is formally excluded from our representation
Yuan, Hua-Hung. "Quelques aspects de la quantification en chinois mandarin : pluralité et distributivité". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070001.
Texto completoSome phenomena of D(eterminer)-quantification and A(DVerb)/A(dverbial)-quantification in Chinese are analyzed here; in particular, (i) distributivity, defined as a distributive relation (Cf. Choe (1987)), and (ii) verbal plurality (Cf. Cusic (1981)). Two types of distributivity, labelled as "event-denoting" (1) and "individual-denoting" (2) can be found with dou 'ail' quantification and ge 'each' quantification. The four determiner quantifiers, mei 'every', reduplicated classifiers, geq 'diverse' and suoyoude 'all', necessarily in co-occurrence with dou 'all' indicate type (1) distributivity. However, the NPs modified by these determiners do not systematically yield an atomic reading, since their preverbal or postverbal position also plays a role. Mei 'every' does not only produce the distributivity of type (2), but also gives verbal plurality. In the nominal domain, reduplicated forms pluralize certain elements, whether they are nominal or verbal, and some of them can trigger thé distributivity of type (1)
Wang, Xiuli. "La cohésion transphrastique : les compléments locatifs antéposés en chinois et en français". Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030043.
Texto completoSpatial framing is a textual cohesion procedure which occurs before a clause, whose referent turn into means of reference. The spatial adverbials assume a textual function: they have to be syntactically and semantically independent enough towards the clause they precede. Clauses sharing this spatial reference represent the referential scope. Then, these clauses often localizes the state and the affaires trough them to bind the context before and the context after. The point of the reference is regularized and quantified in Chinese and in French. All of the analyses are based on the examples of the Soul's Mountain of Gao Xingjian. This study associate also with the cognitive reflections
Toussaint, Daria. "Le classificateur chinois à l'oral". Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H023.
Texto completoFeng, Jian. "Référence définie en chinois contemporain". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0026.
Texto completoChinese definite reference bas particular performances in non-referential nominal structures and referential• non-nominal structures. Besides, the Chinese definite reference does not possess a system of grammaticalised marks. Despite of their syntactical instability, Chine se nominal structures are typical referential carriers. The realisation of the definite reference is due to the clarification of the referential realm based on the semantic configuration. The trimming of the semantic image is the primary mechanism of the definite reference. Through the selective use of lexical structures and the application of modifiers, the speaker realises the definite reference. In Chinese, definiteness-marks carry semantic information. Their main function is to increase definiteness instead of marking it. The definite reference is a process from referential uncertainty to certainty. The hypothesis of the threshold is used to reveal this transition. The production of definite reference requires information resources of different natures. The hypothesis of the communicative sense-environment is employed as a unified plat-form carrying these resources. To decipher the phenomena of the Chinese definite reference, it is necessary 10 examine• the Chinese language system as a whole. The first four chapters represent an analytical study while chapters five and six are oriented toward a synthetical study
Zhang, ChengRan Cain Albane. "Etude des représentations qu'ont de la France des apprenants chinois (molingues et bilingues chinois-anglais)". [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/04CERG0227.pdf.
Texto completoZhang, ChengRan. "Etude des représentations qu'ont de la France des apprenants chinois (molingues et bilingues chinois-anglais)". Cergy-Pontoise, 2004. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/04CERG0227.pdf.
Texto completoThis research concerns representations of France and the French people that have Chinese French language learners. The corpus is constituted semi-directif interviews. The interviews' analyses (thematic and linguistic) allow us to see how the French language teaching and the aim of this teaching beside the monolingual (Chinese) learners and the bilingual (English-Chinese) learners influence our learners' representations. It is likely that the ethnocentrism dominates differently the representations of the Chinese learners depending on their different residence. The role that plays French language teaching and the aim of this teaching are absolutely determent. The social and cultural identities have equally an important role. The bilinguism, if it is totally considered as a communication tool, is not necessary an opening factor. This leads us to propose specific opening procedures toward the otherness, in the context of foreign language teaching
Wang, Tsan-Hsiong. "Syntaxe des phrases interrogatives en chinois". Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0064.
Texto completoRicaud, Philippe. "Particules et théorie linguistique : réflexions à propos des particules finales du cantonais". Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0309.
Texto completoBeynong the description of the final particles in cantonese, this thesis aims at 1 showing how fundamental particles are for linguistic theory, and 2 defending the necessity of a systemic approach of particles. Thanks to our definition of the general category of particles, the final particles of cantonese are specified as "propositional particles". Then, relations between final particles and morphosyntactical structure are examined : incidence, adverbs, complex sentence, modalities, etc. In order to explain the unicity of the value of a given particle, the cantonese final particles are described through our hypothesis of the split of the intrinsic value into a denotative value and a discursive value. Then, we show that 1 some forms must be regarded as variants of a same particle, not as concurrent units, and 2 this can be explained by the phonosymbolism principle. Finally, a list of typological features is proposed for syntactic, semantic and phonetic characterization of the particles
Zhang, Xiaoqian. "Expressions duratives en chinois mandarin : Une étude sur l'aspect". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01589803.
Texto completoLi, Yiping. "Étude des problèmes spécifiques de l'intégration du chinois dans un système de traitement automatique pour les langues européennes". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0282.
Texto completoLinguistic analysis is a fundamental and essential step for natural language processing. It often includes part-of-speech tagging and named entity identification in order to realize higher level applications, such as information retrieval, automatic translation, question answers, etc. Chinese linguistic analysis must perform the same tasks as that of other languages, but it must resolve a supplemental difficulty caused by the lack of delimiter between words. Since the word is the elementary unit for automated language processing, it is indispensable to segment sentences into words for Chinese language processing. In most existing system described in the literature, segmentation, part-of-speech tagging and named entity recognition are often presented as three sequential, independent steps. But since segmentation provides the basis for and impacts the other two steps, some statistical methods which collapse all three treatments or two of the three into one module have been proposed. With these combinations of steps, segmentation can be improved by complementary information supplied by part-of-speech tagging and named entity recognition, and global analysis of Chinese improved. However this unique treatment model is not modular and difficult to adapt to different languages other than Chinese. Consequently, this approach is not suitable for creating multilingual automatic analysis systems. This dissertation studies the integration Chinese automatic analysis into an existing multilingual analysis system LIMA. Originally built for European languages, LIMA’s modular approach imposes some constraints that a monolingual Chinese analysis system need not consider. Firstly, the treatment for Chinese should be compatible and follow the same flow as other languages. And secondly, in order to keep the system coherent, it is preferable to employ common modules for all the languages treated by the system, including a new language like Chinese. To respect these constraints, we chose to realize the phases of segmentation, part-of-speech tagging and named entity recognition separately. Our modular treatment includes a specific module for Chinese analysis that should be reusable for other languages with similar linguistic features. After error analysis of this purely modular approach, we were able to improve our segmentation with enriched information supplied by part-ofspeech tagging, named entity recognition and some linguistic knowledge. In our final results, three specific treatments have been added into the LIMA system: a pretreatment based on a co-occurrence model applied before segmentation, a term tokenization relative to numbers written in Chinese characters, and a complementary treatment after segmentation that identifies certain named entities before subsequent part-of-speech tagging. We evaluate and discuss the improvement that these additional treatments bring to our analysis, while retaining the modular and linear approach of the underlying LIMA natural language processing system
Wang, Honglu. "L'ordre des mots et le changement d'ordre des mots en chinois : analyse synchronique et diachronique". Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0040.
Texto completoThis linguistic work on typology is a study on the order of constituents in chinese. Is chinese a S-O-V (subject - verb- object) language or a S-V-O language? This dissertation discusses in detail the different arguments given by the tenants of the two different hypotheses. It also deals with other word orders than the sole order of the "subject", "verb" and "object" constituents. The work is divided into three parts : one diachronic part untitled "Word order in ancient Chinese", one synchronic part on "Word order in contemporary Chinese" and one part in where our corpus is analyzed. The diachronic work shows that the Chinese was originally a S-V-O language and has been unchanged all along its history. The changes were however significant in other areas : prepositions, classifiers, etc. It is showed in the synchronic part, that the hypothesis of S-V-O is more convincing. The third part presents two oral speeches belonging both to Standard Mandarin. One detailed analysis of these two speeches show undoubdetly that contemporary Chinese is indeed a S-V-O language
Anicotte, Rémi. "Nombres et expressions numériques en Chine à l’éclairage des Écrits sur les calculs (début du 2e siècle avant notre ère)". Paris, INALCO, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INAL0008.
Texto completoKnowledge about the evolution of Chinese word designations of numbers can be renewed studying those found in the Writings on Reckoning (beginning of the 2nd century BCE). In that book, integers and fractions are expressed using natural language words. The wording in natural languages of numerical data is a universal aspect of the linguistic representation of the real world. The expression of numbers has been documented for various languages and cultures by linguists, ethnologists and historians of mathematics. The variety of approaches can foster research only if relevant descriptive criteria can be defined, to this end it seems a good idea to use results obtained by those researches that include the neurological level of numerical perception. This way one can recognize the singularity of lexical numeral systems as opposed to material representation of numbers or numerical notation systems. In the field of Chinese studies this difference has been clouded by various misconceptions that ignore linguistic changes and make it hard to draw a clear image of ancient Chinese mathematicians’ the working methods. The evolutions of the designations of integers, fractions and large numbers provide examples of innovations motivated by conceptual evolutions. I give a representation of lexical designations of numbers that exhibits a chain of morphemes and keeps distances with arithmetical interpretations. It could be used as a framework for typological comparisons. I sketch a typology of lexical numeral systems that is based on morphemes’ semantic functions. My description criteria can help date texts and reconstruct ancient languages’ numerations
《算數書》編寫於西漢初,於1983至1984年出土。作為中國重要的數學文獻,它有助於我們對漢語稱數法的曆史演變有一個全新的了解。《算數書》中記數並不使用任何符號,均用自然語言的語素構成指示整數與分數。 用自然語言來表達數字是語言描繪真實世界的普遍功能之一。語言學、人類學以及數學史各領域的學者對稱數法與記數法都已提供了大量的研究材料。但若要從不同專業的角度進行卓有成效的研究,必須先議定一系列適當且能獲得公認的描述標准。有研究者深入到神經元層面來研究數字知覺,我們可借鑒他們的成果,這樣即可掌握語言稱數法的特殊性,不會將它與物體或文字記數法混淆。漢學界對此曾出現過的誤解使得人們難以理解古代中國數學家工作的具體方法。 指示整數、分數及大數的詞語演變均可作為典型例子來說明概念的變化可以引起語言的變化,而曆史語言學便只能驗證一些語言變化的動機來自文化的演變。 我們標記稱數詞組的方法是通過寫出代表語素的符號來顯示一個語素列,從而脫離其他標記法所寫的運算公式。我們的標記法便於進行語言類型比較。另外,我們依靠語素的語義功能建立稱數法的語言類型。描寫稱數法的標准可以幫助我們考訂文獻編寫年代或重現古代語言的稱數法。
Sun, Su-Er. "Un cas d'interference culturelle : l'expression des relations de politesse en francais et en chinois". Grenoble 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE39015.
Texto completoLiu, Jinhong. "Lectures (non)-culminatives des accomplissements causatifs en mandarin : une approche expérimentale". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2034/document.
Texto completoThis dissertation investigates (nom-culminating construals of Mandarin causative accomplishments, which consist of two subevents, a process event brings a change of state. Mandarin causative accomplishments can be encoded either by monomorphemic causative accomplishment (MCA) verbs (e.g. shâ "kill") or by Resultative Verb Compounds (RVCs, e.g. shii-si "kill-dead"). According to their scale structures, MCA verbs are classified into two classes: gradable (having more than three degrees in the scale of state change) vs. ungradable (having only two degrees in the scale of state change).We claim that i) Unlike RVC which entail the culmination, MCA verbs in Mandarin imply the culmination, allowing nonculminating (NC) construals; ii) Gradable MCA verbs allow NC construals without adverbial modification, while ungradable MCA verbs allow NC when there are adverbial modifiers such as frequency adverbs. Moreover, based on Demirdache & Martin's (2015) Agent Control Hypothesis, we contend that agenthood also facilitates NC construals for MCA verbs. Three experiments are designed to investigate (non)-culminating readings of accomplishment verbs among Mandarin adults and children, concerning respectively accomplishments of three different constructions: (i) MCA verbs; (ii) RVCs; (iii) MCA verbs + hàojici "several times". The results with adults confirm our claim. And the results with the children suggest that they have indeed acquired the culmination inference carried by MCA verbs, as the findings for experiment 3 clearly show, but fail to cancel this inference in the absence of explicit linguistic cues. We suggest that children's overly restrictive behavioral pattern of interpretation under experiment I with MCA verbs arises because they fail to cancel the lexical implicature in the absence of linguistic cue
Mo, Jianmin. "Adjectifs et constructions comparatives en chinois contemporain". Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H085.
Texto completoAs the Chinese adjectives can be used not only as epithets, but also as predicates, the real existence of the Chinese adjective class is questioned by some linguists of Chinese who do not hesitate to class them as verbs and even give them the name "quality verbs". For this reason, the identification of Chinese adjective constitutes both a complicated and important task which is linked to the redefinition of parts of speech in Chinese, taking out the characteristics of adjectives different to those of other parts of speech on the one hand, and the syntactic and semantic behavioral characteristics of adjectives in comparative constructions, on the other. Our work is split into two parts. Firstly, we look for a set of criteria by which we can distinguish between the parts of speech in Chinese whilst also introducing very significant statistical results produced by groups of Chinese linguists in order to confirm our hypothesis about the existence of a class of adjectives in Chinese. Then, using Sapir's gradability theory, we carry out a sub-classification of Chinese adjectives which are predicates and a distinguish between adjectives, progressive verbs and causative verbs. In the second part based on the results obtained in the first, we interpret the different comparative relationships of adjectives and thus draw the particularities of comparative constructions in Chinese. Notably, we take an observe on comparative monemes of superiority : @bi, inferiority @@ meiyou, equality @gen. . . @yiyang and of equaling degree @you. . . Etc and thus logical and empirical analysis of negative form of comparative of superiority @@bu bi, which have often caused controversy amongst Chinese linguists
Shen, Shu. "Recherches sur les traductions françaises et chinoises des classiques grecs : étude comparative, linguistique et traductologique de versions françaises et chinoises d’Antigone de Sophocle". Limoges, 2014. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/51490ecd-543a-40c6-9e9e-9e2aeb4d3be1/blobholder:0/2014LIMO2001.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis is a theoretical and practical reflection on different versions of French and Chinese translation of Antigone - a Sophoclean tragedy of ancient Greek. It intends to discover the nature of translation, expose the problems in translation and show the distinctions between different language communities. The study is conducted on the basis of an old but rich literary corpus from the perspectives of translation studies and linguistics, by using interlinear and contrastive approaches. Principles and procedures that developed in the theoretical part are used in the commentary and practices of translation in order to remove doubts and expose the difficulties in translation. Moreover, both synchronic and diachronic methods are employed in the comparisons of the different versions of translation. As a result, the study firstly generalizes some methods of translating ancient literary texts, and then discovers the linguistic, textual and background problems in the translation of ancient Greek in French and Chinese; in the last part it identifies the universal solutions to literary translation as well as the particularities of translation activity in China. The study clarifies the spacio-temporal and lingo-cultural distances among these three civilizations and offers solutions to overcome the untranslatability according to the specific context. These results suggest that translation is an interdisciplinary science, which enriches the cultural heterogeneity and in which the translator plays the role of a mediator
Feng, Jean-Yves. "Une étude contrastive sur la notion du temps et la notion de l'aspect en français et en chinois". Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030113.
Texto completoLu, Peng. "La subordination adverbiale en chinois contemporain". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070079.
Texto completoThis research brings to light the mechanisms of adverbial subordination, as illustrated in contemporary Chinese. It presents firstly a global view of the syntactic structure in the complex sentence with adverbial clauses in Chinese. It is shown that the complex sentence is constructed in the same way as the simple sentence. The adverbial clause behaves exactly like a non-clausal adverbial in a simple sentence. The different linear positions of adverbial clauses result from their different hierarchical levels. The adverbial clause is also constructed like a simple sentence. There is no specific rule governing the position of the constituents within the adverbial clause. The distribution of the subordinator depends on its nature, adverbial or prepositional. Following these investigations, the adverbial clauses in Chinese are divided into two main categories, according to the different syntactic properties manifested through their hierarchical level, their internal structure and the nature of their subordinator. We then embark on a series of detailed analysis on sentences that are concessive, final and consequential; we uncover their syntactic and semantic properties
Li, Jing. "Stratégies d'apprentissage des sinogrammes chez les étudiants francophones". Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0001.
Texto completoThis thesis is in the field of acquisition and teaching foreign language. It covers learning strategies of Chinese characters by French students in an instructional environment. The nature of this study is quantitative and descriptive. The first objective is to know which strategies are used by French students to learn Chinese characters and how those strategies are correlated with the student’s Chinese level, the student’s gender, the age and the learning style. A questionnaire, called SILCC (Strategy Inventory of Learning Chinese Character), has been designed in this study to analyze those strategies. The output data are analyzed using inferential statistical methods. The second objective is to apply the results for teaching activities and to propose a model of training strategies that can be used in academic materials
Tan, Song. "L’analyse phonologique, syntaxique et lexicale des spécificités du mandarin du Nord-Est parlé au Liaoning". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL140.
Texto completoNortheastern Mandarin is a variety of Mandarin that is spoken in Northeastern China, a region formerly known as Manchuria. This variety of Mandarin is considered to be very close to the standard language and there exists only a few rigorous analyses regarding its specific characteristics. This thesis aims to describe and analyse the phonology, syntax and lexicon of Northeastern Mandarin spoken in the province of Liaoning (the most populous province of the Northeast), it was carried out on the basis of numerous field surveys allowing the collection of oral data recorded with speakers of different generations. Based on the precepts of functionalist theory and respecting the principle of relevance at the levels of the first and second articulation units, this work attempts to establish the phonological system of this variety by showing clearly its particularities. At the level of syntax, this thesis seeks to highlight grammatical specificities starting from real linguistic facts and focuses on lexical analysis which deals not only with lexemes specific to this variety, but also with the adaptation of borrowings. The influence of the standard language, through education, literature, and the media makes that Mandarin of the Northeast tends to get lost in formal context. The comparison with standard Mandarin is present throughout this work in order facilitate understanding of the changes, thus allowing to give an exact reflection of the vitality of this regiolect. With data which can be used by everyone, this thesis is for all linguits interested in Chinese dialectology or more broadly in Chinese linguistics whose research has continued to develop for many years
Iljic, Robert. "L'expression du temps en chinois contemporain. Etude de trois marqueurs". Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070024.
Texto completoIn this doctoral thesis we try to answer the question of how modern chinese expresses time, and more specifically the past, through the study of three lexically empty markers which, though not pure time markers, always or almost always refer to the past. These are : sentence marker laizhe, currently used in northern china, which indicates that a process or a state was going on in the recent past, but doesn't exist any more at present; verbal suffix -guo which marks either that an event took place at least once in a relative past or that a definite process (which was supposed to happen) actually occurred; nominal determination marker de which in one particular structure ( (shi) v de o) filters through the past time value only
Maconi, Lara. ""Je est un autre": la littérature tibétaine d'expression chinoise : entre questions identitaires, débats linguistiques et négociations culturelles". Paris, INALCO, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INAL0001.
Texto completoThe Chinese occupation of Tibet in 1951 affected the traditional social context in a way that the Land of Snow had never experienced before. The implementation of Maoist organizational structures in Tibet had a deep influence on literary production in both form and content. These brought about a profound transformation of traditional views on literature itself. Literature left the monasteries and was henceforth dedicated to the celebration of Maoist triumphs following the principles of socialist realism and revolutionary romanticism. From a linguistic viewpoint, writing in Tibetan was not abandoned, and yet a new generation of sino-educated Tibetans began to write in Chinese. From the 1950s onwards, tibetophone literature and sinophone literature - written by Tibetans - have developed in parallel, within the same social context, thus representing continuity within tradition yet expressing, at the same time, a major cultural disjunction. How were sinophone (post-)Maoist literary structures implemented in Tibet? What exactly are these structures? Who are those sinophone Tibetan literary agents? What is their agency and their agenda? To what extent are they active - not only reactive - within the Chinese cultural establishment? What is the subject of discussion in the main debates concerning Chinese-written Tibetan literature? What new literary perspectives are emerging from the Net? This thesis questions the specificities of Sino-Tibetan literature and its transcultural dynamics in order to assess the complex and cross-border nature of such writing in the context of the PRC today
Roth, Odile. "Les compléments résultatifs à valeur aspectuelle du chinois contemporain". Paris, INALCO, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INAL0013.
Texto completoThis dissertation presents the results of a corpus-based study of four resultative complements in contemporary Chinese: 完 wán « finish », 好 hăo « achieve », 到 dào « attain » and 掉 diào « vanish ». These resultative complements, which count among the most frequent in contemporary Chinese, are generally regarded as aspectual resultatives. Through a systematic analysis of their context of use, the author identifies three functions for these resultative complements: a lexical function, an aspectual function and a subjective function. The dissertation consists of five chapters. Chapter one presents the role played by resultative constructions in the entire verbal system of contemporary Chinese. Chapter two gives a definition of resultative constructions in contemporary Chinese and a critical overview of previous work on aspectual resultative complements. Chapter three presents the lexical function of resultative complements and observes the role they play in word-formation process ; Chapter four examines the aspectual function of resultative complements, and establishes a distinction between the marking of perfective and telicity; Chapter five presents the subjective function of resultative complements, and shows how these can allow the speaker to express subjectivity in the language. One will find in the appendix a complete list of all V-完 wán, V-好 hăo, V-到 dào, V-掉 diào occurrences found in the corpus
Bergère, Amandine. "Langues en contact : compétences cognitives et contraintes scripturales : la formation linguistique des résidents chinois à Paris". Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H086.
Texto completoThis dissertation identifies which criteria, among adult Chinese residents of Paris, are determinant in their choice of language learning structures. In the first instance, we show how this public will seldom turn to learning structures specialized in the field of French as a Foreign Language or adult literacy. Then, we demonstrate how, although literate in Chinese, these learners will favor structures that offer an initiation into the alphabetic principle. Finally, we explore the process through which the alphabetic principle is assimilated in learning a foreign language: process envisaged in terms of the development of a writing intersystem. In turn, the evolution of such a process will depend essentially on the command of cognitive skills necessary for the manipulation of infrasyllabalic phonological units. In conclusion, we note that the teaching curricula offered by those structures as favored by adult Chinese students will help them develop their writing intersystem rapidly
Boulin, Myriam. "Temporal Deixis and Anaphora in English and Mandarin Chinese : a contrastive study of now and then and their Mandarin equivalents". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01599127.
Texto completoThis thesis conducts a contrastive analysis of temporal deixis and anaphora in English and Mandarin Chinese through the study of now and then and their Mandarin equivalents. More generally, it explores the problems linked to the encoding of time location and time relations in English, a tensed language, vs. Mandarin Chinese, an aspectual language. This research is based on the study of a bidirectional bilingual corpus of narrative texts, film dialogues and spontaneous conversations. The Mandarin markers examined include time adverbs such as xianzai `now', nashi `at that time', dangshi 'at the time', zheshi this moment' as well as the aspectual particles final le and verbal —le. It is found that deictic and anaphoric time adverbials play a more crucial role for time location in Chinese than in English while sequential adverbs are more widely used in English than in Chinese. This is linked to the fact that English is a tensed language equipped with grammatical means of temporal location, and thus in lesser need of lexical devices for temporal location, while Mandarin is an aspectual language which codes time relations between eventualities, and is thus in lesser need of sequential markers than English. Moreover, we find that the absence of tense in Chinese results in an unmarked use of proximal time deictics such as xianzai 'flow' in narratives, while the use of now in English narratives, when combined with past tense, creates a deictic shift. It is finally found that the pragmatic uses of now and then and thei Mandarin equivalents draw from the deictic and anaphoric characteristics of the markers: now is contrastive while then is continuative
Yao, Ruoyu. "Analyse comparative synchronique et diachronique des locatifs en chinois". Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INAL0021/document.
Texto completoIn Chinese, localizers ( 方位词 fāngwèicí ) are a restricted set of words denoting a concrete or metaphorical relationship between two entities. This thesis presents the results of a synchronic and diachronic corpus-based study of four common localizers : 里 li ‘in’, 中 zhōng ‘middle’, 内 nèi ‘inside’ et 上 shang ‘on’.When expressing a concrete relationship, they are generally categorized as topological localizers which express an inclusion or a contact relationship between two entities. When expressing a metaphorical meaning, all of these localizers can express an abstract framework, although each one has its own specific uses. They are sometimes interchangeable for both concrete and metaphorical meanings.Our comparative study in contemporary Chinese is based on a corpus of texts of different styles : written, oral and written with oral characteristics. The statistics show the importance of text styles in the choice of localizer. Pragmatic and semantic contexts are also determining factors in the uses of localizers.The diachronic analysis performed on a corpus of 26 documents representing the archaic, medieval and pre-modern periods shows the evolution of each localizer and their tendency of use throughout History, both in concrete and metaphorical expressions
Bi, Yanjing. "Constructions figées en français et en chinois". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH027/document.
Texto completoLanguages are not just instruments of communication. Claude Hagège (2012: 181) reminds that all languages are rooted in a pool of knowledge, sensations, memories, images, dreams, which are the fabric of a speaker's competence. Languages are very complex and multidimensional phenomena. However, it is impossible to carry out a complete study of languages, without taking into account a generalized and pervasive phenomenon: the fixedness.In light of a great deal of progress which has been made by the research on phraseology, we realize that many gray areas still exist; indeed, some true mysteries remain to be unraveled. Contrastive studies have always helped to advance knowledge of language, especially so when the studied languages are typologically distinct. This is the case of Chinese and French, an isolating language in the first case, a fusional language in the second one. This does not always mean that the differences are significant and sometimes unexpected similarities may emerge. There is no contradiction in the simultaneous quest for homologies and the highlighting of differences. A comparison of the fixed expressions in Chinese and French provides a new vantage point which will undoubtedly expand the horizon even if it does not provide true solutions