Artículos de revistas: "Liver Cancer Diagnosis"

1

TODA, GOTARO. "Diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer." Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 87, no. 9 (1998): 1848–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/naika.87.1848.

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Punin, K. V. "Syphilis and liver cancer." Kazan medical journal 29, no. 1-2 (November 19, 2021): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj80418.

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The physician-therapist constantly has to meet with two diseases, the clinical picture of which is extremely similar to one another, but the prognosis of which, in most cases, is sharply different, if at the time the diagnosis is made and the appropriate treatment is undertaken. I mean here liver cancer and its tertiary luetic changes. Differential diagnosis of these two diseases is sometimes difficult even for a well-equipped clinical institution, represented by sufficiently large therapeutic forces, especially since it may not be within the power of a young district doctor.

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Komemushi, Atsushi, Noboru Tanigawa, Chizu Koreeda, Shuji Kariya, Rie Yagi, Sachi Nakatani, Satoshi Suzuki, et al. "Recent diagnosis and therapy for liver cancer." Journal of Microwave Surgery 29 (2011): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3380/jmicrowavesurg.29.39.

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Hami, H., A. Ayoujil, F. Z. Azzaoui, F. Habib, A. Soulaymani, A. Mokhtari, and A. Quyou. "Liver Cancer in Morocco: Diagnosis and Outcome." International Journal of Epidemiology 44, suppl_1 (September 23, 2015): i251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv096.462.

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Yoshida, Hideo, Haruhiko Yoshida, Shuichiro Shiina, and Masao Omata. "Early liver cancer: concepts, diagnosis, and management." International Journal of Clinical Oncology 10, no. 6 (December 21, 2005): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10147-005-0537-2.

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6

Sakamoto, Minoru. "2. Diagnosis and Surveillance of Liver Cancer." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 72, no. 1 (2016): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.2016_jsrt_72.1.97.

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7

Hatazawa, Jun. "Diagnosis: Liver metastasis of sigmoid colon cancer." Annals of Nuclear Medicine 15, no. 3 (June 2001): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02987834.

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Sada, Yvonne, Eric David, Hashem El-Serag, Hardeep Singh, and Jessica Davila. "Guideline adherence for diagnosis of liver cancer in veterans." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2013): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.31_suppl.89.

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89 Background: The incidence of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is rising. Practice guidelines provide the recommended approach for HCC diagnosis, but adherence to diagnostic guidelines is unknown. Methods: In a national sample of veterans with confirmed HCC, we performed a retrospective chart review of patients with cirrhosis and a new liver mass on imaging between 2005 and 2011. Clinical data was used to assess adherence to American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines. Patients with inadequate data to assess guideline adherence (missing liver mass size, imaging technique, or diagnostic report) were excluded. We identified factors that contributed to guideline non-adherence. Initial liver mass date was the first date a liver mass was reported on imaging (CT, MRI, or ultrasound). Gold standard test date was the date a diagnosis of HCC could have been made by guideline recommended testing and criteria. Diagnosis date was the date a provider documented the diagnosis. Results: We reviewed charts for 380 patients. Overutilization of diagnostic tests after a gold standard test occurred in 112 patients (31%), and 17 (4%) had insufficient tests. Guidelines were not followed in 124 (33%). Of these 124, 68 (55%) had liver masses that increased in size during diagnostic work-up. The most common factors associated with guideline non-adherence were unnecessary testing such as biopsy after a gold standard image (43%) and the presence of a contraindication to a guideline recommended image or biopsy (12%). Patient factors (missed appointments, declining work-up) accounted for only 3% of cases. Median time between the initial liver mass and gold standard test was 15 days (IQR: 0-99). Median time between the initial liver mass and diagnosis was 50 days (IQR: 12-191). Most diagnoses were made by gastroenterology (51%), followed by primary care (19%), and oncology (10%). Conclusions: One-third of patients with HCC were not diagnosed based on guidelines. These concerns include confidence in diagnosis (lack of recognizing HCC diagnosis despite gold standard evidence) and over testing, which both lead to diagnostic delay. Our findings warrant further evaluation of contributory factors to develop interventions that improve the diagnostic process for HCC.

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Liu, Da-Hua, Gui-Min Wen, Chang-Liang Song, Li-Jun Ji, and Pu Xia. "Amino acid profiles in the tissue and serum of patients with liver cancer." Open Medicine 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/med-2022-0589.

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Abstract Most patients with liver cancer were found late and lost the chance of surgery. Liquid biopsy can monitor the risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis, quickly evaluate the curative effect of tumor treatment, and is conducive to early screening and auxiliary diagnosis of high-risk groups. Amino acid (AA) profiling has been used to the diagnosis and the prognosis for cancers. However, little was known about the profiles of AA of liver cancer. In this study, we used tRNA in Cancer database to analyze the AA levels in liver cancer tissues. Blood samples of patients with liver cancer were collected and analyzed using the automatic AA analyzer. We found that valine, isoleucine, and leucine were decreased significantly both in the plasma and the tumor tissues of patients with liver cancer. However, upregulation of methionine was observed in tissues and plasma of patients with liver cancer. Interestingly, tyrosine, and phenylalanine were decreased in tumor tissue but increased in the plasma of patients with liver cancer. This is the first report provided an overview of AA profile in both plasma and tissue for patients with liver cancer. AA levels can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers of patients with liver cancer.

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Guo, Hongyan, and Qingfeng Liu. "Clinical Value of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Detection in the Diagnosis of Early Liver Cancer Based on Data Mining." BioMed Research International 2022 (November 17, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4448075.

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The incidence of liver cancer is increasing year by year, and how to effectively diagnose early-stage liver cancer and improve the survival rate of liver cancer patients has become one of the current research topics of concern. Aiming at this problem, it is of great significance for the diagnosis of early liver cancer. With the in-depth research on the diagnosis of early-stage liver cancer, the research on growth differentiation factor 15 is gradually carried out, and its performance advantages are of great significance to solve the problem of detection and diagnosis of early-stage liver cancer. This study can improve the accuracy of early diagnosis of liver cancer. The purpose of this paper is to study the application of data mining in the study of clinical value of growth and differentiation factor 15 detection and diagnosis of early liver cancer. In this paper, the data mining algorithm is analyzed, the performance of the algorithm is experimentally analyzed, and the relevant theoretical formulas are used to explain. The results showed that the expression level of GDF-15 was significant in early primary liver cancer (tumor diameter <2.5 cm). Different from normal liver tissue ( P < 0.01 ), there was a significant difference ( P < 0.01 ) compared with adjacent tissue ( P < 0.01 ). Serum GDF-15 can be used as a tumor marker for predicting early stage liver cancer. The high expression of GDF-15 in early stage liver cancer is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of liver cancer patients.

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Tønnesen, Jacob, Jannik Pallisgaard, Peter Vibe Rasmussen, Martin H. Ruwald, Morten Lamberts, Nina Nouhravesh, Jarl Strange, Gunnar Hilmar Gislason, and Morten Lock Hansen. "Risk and timing of venous thromboembolism in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: a nationwide Danish cohort study." BMJ Open 13, no. 1 (January 2023): e062768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062768.

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AimsCancer is a well-known risk factor of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Some cancers are believed to be more thrombogenic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of patients with incident gastrointestinal cancers (GI) and their associated 1-year risk and timing of venous thromboembolic events and the 1-year mortality.MethodsThis study was a retrospective cohort study. Through Danish nationwide registries, all patients with first-time GI cancer diagnosis from 2008 to 2018 were identified. Incident VTE events were identified within a 1-year follow-up after GI cancer diagnosis using the Aalen-Johansen estimator. Cox proportional-hazard models were applied to investigate risk factors for VTE events and the impact of VTE on mortality.ResultsA total of 87 069 patients were included and stratified by cancer types: liver (5.8%), pancreatic (12.0%), gastric (6.9%), small intestinal (1.9%), colorectal (61.8%), oesophageal (7.3%) and gallbladder (3%). Most VTE events happened close to onset of the cancer diagnosis with declining events by time. The 1-year cumulative incidence of VTE differed according to cancer type with pancreatic cancer being most thrombogenic (7.8%), and colorectal and liver cancer being the least (3.6%). Prior VTE, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), liver disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes increased the VTE risk. Overall, the patients with GI cancer had high 1-year mortality of 33.3% with patients with pancreatic cancer having the highest mortality (70.3%).ConclusionWe found that most VTE events happen close to onset of the GI cancer diagnosis and thrombogenicity differed by type of GI cancer, ranging from 7.8% in patients with pancreatic cancer to 3.6% in colorectal and patients with liver cancer. Prior VTE, heart failure, COPD, liver disease, CKD and DM were associated with increased risk of VTE.

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Li, J. "The Experiences of Early Detection, Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment of Cancer in Rural Areas of China." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 49s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.60300.

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Background: The cancers of the lung, liver, stomach, esophagus, colorectum and nasopharynx account for more than 70% of the causes of cancer death, making them the major cancer burdens in China. The early detection and treatment of cancers including lung, liver, stomach, esophagus, colorectum and nasopharynx was supported by the central government special financial transfer payment in the rural areas in 2006-2017. Aim: To improve the efficiency of early diagnosis and early treatment to reduce cancer mortality and incidence in the population in China. Methods: Cancer screening methods developed by Group of Expert Committee of Cancer Foundation of China were used, including digestive tract endoscopy for stomach and esophageal and colorectal cancer, LDCT for lung cancer, AFP and abdominal ultrasound for liver cancer, EB virus antibody detection and nasal endoscopy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Results: Among the cancers of lung, liver, stomach, esophagus, colorectum and nasopharynx, the screening high risk population were 55,363; 126,443; 103,3036; 1,425,642; 252,911; and 79,726 respectively; and the screening detection rates of precancerous lesions and cancer were 0.62%, 0.66%, 0.87%, 1.62%, 5.29% and 0.49% respectively; and the early diagnosis rates were 47.80%, 60.86%, 71.24%, 73.38%, 91.85% and 64.43% respectively; and the treatment rates were 83.28%, 90.33%, 87.94%, 82.91%, 94.04% and 95.88% respectively. Conclusion: The programs for early detection and early treatment of colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer demonstrated a promising benefit, which should be generalized to broad population implementation.

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Jun, Kong, Leng Tongmin, Gong Jianping, and Tang Maoming. "Clinical research of primary liver cancer mimicking liver abscess." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 3 (February 25, 2017): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20170857.

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Background: Aiming at diagnosing at an early stage, minimizing the misdiagnosis rate and improving the prognosis, the author has investigated the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer mimicking liver abscess with a summary and discussion.Methods: All of the 11 cases of primary liver cancer mimicking liver abscess, diagnosed during January 2009 to December 2015, were retrospectively viewed in terms of clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, radiological feature, diagnosis and treatment. And statistic analysis was made in all aspects mentioned above with that of pyogenic liver abscess and other types of liver cancer diagnosed in the corresponding period. Results: The clinical manifestations of the 11 cases were mostly characterized by fever, abdominal pain and weight loss. There was no significantly statistic difference between the study group and any of the three matched groups in underlying disease and lab results. All of the 11 patients were treated with enhanced antibiotics as basic therapy. Furthermore, eight cases accepted surgical operation, among them, one object underwent puncture and drainage of the liver abscess by ultrasound (PDLA) twice pre-operation, one object underwent PDLA and hepatic arteriography pre-operation and death in hospital post-operation, one object suffered myocardial infarction post-operation. In addition, three cases received conservative treatment only, in which, one object died in hospital.Conclusions: It is difficult to distinguish primary liver cancer mimicking liver abscess from pyogenic liver abscess as there are no specific clinical manifestations and laboratory findings which is prone to leading to misdiagnosis. What’s worse, the prognosis is so poor that high alert and close follow-up are required as well as early diagnosis and treatment.

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Lleo, Ana, Ynto S. de Boer, Rodrigo Liberal, and Massimo Colombo. "The risk of liver cancer in autoimmune liver diseases." Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 11 (January 2019): 175883591986191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758835919861914.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the dominant primary malignancy of the liver, has almost invariably a fatal outcome that can be averted only by early diagnosis and treatment. While the close association of HCC with chronic viral hepatitis and alcohol abuse has impacted favourably on screening and treatment of this deadly tumour, at the same time it has long obscured the etiologic role of autoimmune liver diseases. Recently, a systematic analysis of 25 published cohorts disclosed a 3.1 × 1000 patients/year incidence of HCC in autoimmune hepatitis patients that tripled in those with cirrhosis. HCC is also a sequela of primary biliary cholangitis, where the incidence is more relevant in males, those with advanced liver disease and nonresponders to ursodeoxycholic acid therapy. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), the second ranking primary cancer of the liver, is also on the rise with its intrahepatic pattern, in part reflecting an association with chronic liver diseases of diverse aetiology. In the USA and northern Europe, perihilar CCA is a frequent complication of primary sclerosing cholangitis, a cholestatic disorder thought to be immune mediated. International Guidelines clearly recommend HCC screening with abdominal ultrasonography every 6 months in autoimmune cirrhotic patients. While surveillance of patients with autoimmune liver disorders who are at risk of HCC affects both early diagnosis and radical therapy of this tumour, this is not the case for CCA, where early diagnosis is challenged by the lack of sensitive and accurate tests for screening.

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Volk, Michael L., and Jorge A. Marrero. "Early detection of liver cancer: Diagnosis and management." Current Gastroenterology Reports 10, no. 1 (February 2008): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11894-008-0010-2.

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Zhao, Wenxing. "Early diagnosis and precise treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma." E3S Web of Conferences 271 (2021): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127103012.

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Liver cancer is called the "king of cancer" because of its extremely high mortality rate and lack of effective treatment methods. Effective early diagnosis of liver cancer and advance discovery period of liver cancer can effectively improve the survival rate and life cycle. Early diagnosis can be done by traditional US, CT, AFP level measurement and other methods, or by biological markers such as GPC-3, micro-RNA, and detection of some specific cell signal factors. Precision treatment is often carried out with a personalized treatment plan for the patient and a targeted therapy at the molecular level.

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Ling, Binbing, Lifeng Chen, Qiang Liu, and Jian Yang. "Gene Expression Correlation for Cancer Diagnosis: A Pilot Study." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/253804.

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Poor prognosis for late-stage, high-grade, and recurrent cancers has been motivating cancer researchers to search for more efficient biomarkers to identify the onset of cancer. Recent advances in constructing and dynamically analyzing biomolecular networks for different types of cancer have provided a promising novel strategy to detect tumorigenesis and metastasis. The observation of different biomolecular networks associated with normal and cancerous states led us to hypothesize that correlations for gene expressions could serve as valid indicators of early cancer development. In this pilot study, we tested our hypothesis by examining whether the mRNA expressions of three randomly selected cancer-related genesPIK3C3,PIM3, andPTENwere correlated during cancer progression and the correlation coefficients could be used for cancer diagnosis. Strong correlations(0.68≤r≤1.0)were observed betweenPIK3C3andPIM3in breast cancer, betweenPIK3C3andPTENin breast and ovary cancers, and betweenPIM3andPTENin breast, kidney, liver, and thyroid cancers during disease progression, implicating that the correlations for cancer network gene expressions could serve as a supplement to current clinical biomarkers, such as cancer antigens, for early cancer diagnosis.

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Egorkina, A. B., Yu A. Stepanova, G. G. Karmazanovsky, D. V. Kalinin, and A. V. Zhao. "Advanced lung cancer in combination with liver echinococcosis." Medical Visualization 25, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-941.

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Presented clinical case is a rare case of poorly differentiated squamous cell non-keratinizing cancer of the right lung with ingrowth into the diaphragm and liver, metastatic liver damage in combination with recurrent echinococcosis of the liver. Taking into account the epidemiological history, the surgery, the features of radiation imaging and the results of serology in the preoperative period, the diagnosis of “echinococcosis of the liver with spread to the lungs” was made, which turned out to be incorrect. The diagnosis during the surgical operation was changed, but also turned out to be incorrect. The final diagnosis was made only on the basis of histological and immunohistochemical studies.The reasons of diagnostic errors are analyzed, the emphasis is made on the criteria of differential diagnosis. Typical features of visualization of liver echinococcosis, lung cancer with local and distant spread are presented.

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Nan, Yuemin, Xiaoyuan Xu, Yanhang Gao, Rongqi Wang, Wengang Li, Ming Yang, Lingdi Liu, et al. "Consensus on the secondary prevention of primary liver cancer." Hepatology International 15, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 1289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12072-021-10259-7.

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AbstractTo standardize the effective prevention, surveillance, and diagnosis of primary liver cancer, the Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association, invited clinical experts and methodologists to develop the Consensus on the Secondary Prevention of Primary Liver Cancer, which was based on the clinical and scientific advances on hepatocellular carcinoma. The purpose is to provide a current basis for the prevention, surveillance, and early diagnosis of primary liver cancer in patients with chronic liver diseases.

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Lee, Na-Hyun, So Jung Kim, and Jeongeun Hyun. "MicroRNAs Regulating Hippo-YAP Signaling in Liver Cancer." Biomedicines 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9040347.

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Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and its prevalence and mortality rate are increasing due to the lack of biomarkers and effective treatments. The Hippo signaling pathway has long been known to control liver size, and genetic depletion of Hippo kinases leads to liver cancer in mice through activation of the downstream effectors yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). Both YAP and TAZ not only reprogram tumor cells but also alter the tumor microenvironment to exert carcinogenic effects. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of YAP/TAZ-mediated liver tumorigenesis will help overcome liver cancer. For decades, small noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), have been reported to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of many cancers, including liver cancer. However, the interactions between miRNAs and Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling in the liver are still largely unknown. Here, we review miRNAs that influence the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of tumor cells by modulating Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling during hepatic tumorigenesis. Previous findings suggest that these miRNAs are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of liver cancer.

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&NA;. "Liver cancer breakthrough." Nursing 37, no. 8 (August 2007): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000282701.20608.90.

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Taddei, Tamar H., Laura Hunnibell, Anne DeLorenzo, Mirta Rosa, Donna Connery, Donna Vogel, Vijay Garla, Caroline Taylor, and Michal G. Rose. "EMR-linked cancer tracker facilitates lung and liver cancer care." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2012): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.34_suppl.77.

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77 Background: VA Connecticut Healthcare System has developed a web-based, EMR-linked Cancer Care Tracking System (CCTS) to facilitate tracking and follow-up of patients with imaging abnormalities concerning for lung or liver cancer. The tracker was developed to facilitate the efforts of a multidisciplinary team at the center of which is a cancer navigator. Methods: CCTS was first envisioned in 2007 when VACT hired a care navigator and implemented a radiology coding system to identify potential cancers. This created the need for a tool to process abnormal images and track the clinical steps required to reach a definitive diagnosis and treatment plan. CCTS was initially used for lung cancers and was expanded to track hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 2009 with additional funding. In addition to case discovery, it offers easy access to patient information with live links to the VA EMR, a surveillance feature, and scheduling, alerting, and reporting functions. In 2011, the system was enhanced with a natural language processing (NLP) program that automatically identifies radiology reports describing potentially malignant lung or liver lesions. Results: CCTS has been in daily operation since February 2010, with 1,778 patients and 2,503 patients tracked in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Addition of NLP technology significantly increases the accuracy of identification of patients with lung or liver nodules. The NLP system identified 21% of all new cases with potential malignancies whose management could have been delayed through coding omissions or errors. Benefits of CCTS and our cancer care coordination program have included a decrease of 25 days in the time from abnormal image to treatment of lung cancer, a significant increase in the diagnosis of stage I/II lung cancers from 32% to 48%, and an increase in the incidence of liver cancer from 1% to 5% of all cancers at VACT. Conclusions: A web-based, EMR-linked cancer care tracking system (CCTS) improves cancer detection, prevents loss to follow-up, provides a safety net for radiology coding omissions or errors, and improves provider efficiency. CCTS is an innovative tool to support multidisciplinary cancer care and has broad applicability to any electronic medical record.

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Sindhi, Rakesh, Vinayak Rohan, Andrew Bukowinski, Sameh Tadros, Jean de Ville de Goyet, Louis Rapkin, and Sarangarajan Ranganathan. "Liver Transplantation for Pediatric Liver Cancer." Cancers 12, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030720.

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Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was first removed successfully with total hepatectomy and liver transplantation (LT) in a child over five decades ago. Since then, children with unresectable liver cancer have benefitted greatly from LT and a confluence of several equally important endeavors. Regional and trans-continental collaborations have accelerated the development and standardization of chemotherapy regimens, which provide disease control to enable LT, and also serve as a test of unresectability. In the process, tumor histology, imaging protocols, and tumor staging have also matured to better assess response and LT candidacy. Significant trends include a steady increase in the incidence of and use of LT for hepatoblastoma, and a significant improvement in survival after LT for HCC with each decade. Although LT is curative for most unresectable primary liver sarcomas, such as embryonal sarcoma, the malignant rhabdoid tumor appears relapse-prone despite chemotherapy and LT. Pediatric liver tumors remain rare, and diagnostic uncertainty in some settings can potentially delay treatment or lead to the selection of less effective chemotherapy. We review the current knowledge relevant to diagnosis, LT candidacy, and post-transplant outcomes for these tumors, emphasizing recent observations made from large registries or larger series.

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Li, Cong, Guangbing Li, Ruoyu Miao, Xin Lu, Shouxian Zhong, Xinting Sang, Yilei Mao, and Haitao Zhao. "Primary liver cancer presenting as pyogenic liver abscess: Characteristics, diagnosis, and management." Journal of Surgical Oncology 105, no. 7 (September 22, 2011): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jso.22103.

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Chartampilas, Evangelos, Vasileios Rafailidis, Vivian Georgopoulou, Georgios Kalarakis, Adam Hatzidakis, and Panos Prassopoulos. "Current Imaging Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Cancers 14, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 3997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14163997.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Radiology has traditionally played a central role in HCC management, ranging from screening of high-risk patients to non-invasive diagnosis, as well as the evaluation of treatment response and post-treatment follow-up. From liver ultrasonography with or without contrast to dynamic multiple phased CT and dynamic MRI with diffusion protocols, great progress has been achieved in the last decade. Throughout the last few years, pathological, biological, genetic, and immune-chemical analyses have revealed several tumoral subtypes with diverse biological behavior, highlighting the need for the re-evaluation of established radiological methods. Considering these changes, novel methods that provide functional and quantitative parameters in addition to morphological information are increasingly incorporated into modern diagnostic protocols for HCC. In this way, differential diagnosis became even more challenging throughout the last few years. Use of liver specific contrast agents, as well as CT/MRI perfusion techniques, seem to not only allow earlier detection and more accurate characterization of HCC lesions, but also make it possible to predict response to treatment and survival. Nevertheless, several limitations and technical considerations still exist. This review will describe and discuss all these imaging modalities and their advances in the imaging of HCC lesions in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic livers. Sensitivity and specificity rates, method limitations, and technical considerations will be discussed.

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Parinyanitikul, Napa, Laddawan Vajragupta, Naruemon Klaikaew, Boonchoo Sirichindakul, and Virote Sriuranpong. "A benign liver tumor mimics hepatic metastasis from colon cancer." Asian Biomedicine 4, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abm-2010-0057.

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Abstract Background: Liver is the most common distant metastasized organ in advanced colon cancer. Surgical resection of metastatic lesions would offer the best chance of a long-term survival. An accurate diagnosis and evaluation of extent of disease is crucial in the management of liver metastasis. Objective: Report a benign hepatic condition mimicking liver metastasis in a colon cancer patient. Case presentation: A 53-year-old male with an early stage sigmoid colon cancer was treated with sigmoidectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of 5-FU, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin for six months. Annual computerized tomography of abdomen at two years after the surgery revealed three hypervascular nodules in the liver. Investigations including MRI of the liver and whole body FDG-F18 PET/CT demonstrated evidence consistent with non-metastatic liver nodules. Liver biopsy of one of the lesions led to the diagnosis of “focal nodular hyperplasia”. Conclusion: The possible etiology, diagnosis, and further management of this benign liver tumor, the focal nodular hyperplasia became clear.

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Kong, Yunpeng, Yan Jing, Hongmei Sun, and Shisheng Zhou. "The Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Enhanced CT Combined with Tumor Markers AFP and CA199 in Liver Cancer." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (February 21, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5074571.

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Background. Early screening and diagnosis are of great significance to the treatment and prognosis of patients with liver cancer. This study aims to explore the application value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and enhanced CT combined with tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) in the diagnosis of liver cancer. Methods. Liver cancer group (n = 256), benign disease group (n = 110), and control group (n = 50) participated in this study. The liver cancer and benign disease groups were diagnosed pathologically by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and enhanced CT before operation. The electrochemiluminescence method was used to detect the content of AFP and CA199. And the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn. Results. The detection rate of contrast-enhanced ultrasound is higher than that of enhanced CT. Serum levels of AFP and CA199 in the liver cancer group were significantly higher than those in the benign lesion group and the control group. The ROC curve showed that the sensitivity, accuracy, and negative prediction rate of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and enhanced CT combined with tumor markers AFP and CA199 in the diagnosis of liver cancer were significantly higher than that of a single test. Conclusion. The combined detection of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and enhanced CT, AFP, and CA199 significantly improved the sensitivity and accuracy of liver cancer diagnosis. It has a significant effect on the early diagnosis of liver cancer and can be used as an important means of early screening.

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Yadav, Sharda, Navid Kashaninejad, and Nam-Trung Nguyen. "RhoA and Rac1 in Liver Cancer Cells: Induction of Overexpression Using Mechanical Stimulation." Micromachines 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2020): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11080729.

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Liver cancer, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is an aggressive disease with an extremely high mortality rate. Unfortunately, no promising markers are currently available for the early diagnosis of this disease. Thus, a reliable biomarker reflecting the early behaviour of the tumour will be valuable for diagnosis and treatment. The Ras homologous (Rho) GTPases, which belong to the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding proteins, have been reported to play an important role in mediating liver cancer based on their important function in cytoskeletal reorganisation. These proteins can be either oncogenic or tumour suppressors. They are also associated with the acquirement of malignant features by cancer cells. The overexpression of RhoA and Rac1, members of the Rho GTPases, have been linked with carcinogenesis and the progression of different types of cancer. In the quest of elucidating the role of mechanical stimulation in the mechanobiology of liver cancer cells, this paper evaluates the effect of stretching on the expression levels of RhoA and Rac1 in different types of liver cancers. It is shown that that stretching liver cancer cells significantly increases the expression levels of RhoA and Rac1 in HCC and cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. We hypothesise that this relatively simple and sensitive method could be helpful for screening biological features and provide suitable treatment guidance for liver cancer patients.

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Pan, Xiong-Fei, Meian He, Canqing Yu, Jun Lv, Yu Guo, Zheng Bian, Ling Yang, et al. "Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Incident Cancer in China: A Prospective Study Among 0.5 Million Chinese Adults." American Journal of Epidemiology 187, no. 7 (January 3, 2018): 1380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwx376.

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Abstract Using data from the China Kadoorie Biobank Study, we conducted a prospective investigation on the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer risk in Chinese adults. A total of 508,892 participants (mean age = 51.5 (standard deviation, 10.7) years) without prior cancer diagnosis at baseline (2004–2008) were included. We documented 17,463 incident cancer cases during follow-up through December 31, 2013. Participants with T2DM had increased risks of total and certain site-specific cancers; hazard ratios were 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.19) for total cancer, 1.51 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.76) for liver cancer, 1.86 (95% CI: 1.43, 2.41) for pancreatic cancer, and 1.21 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.47) for female breast cancer. The associations were largely consistent when physician-diagnosed and screen-detected T2DM were analyzed separately, except for colorectal cancer (for physician-diagnosed T2DM, HR = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.13), and for screen-detected T2DM, HR = 1.44 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.77)). In participants without a prior diagnosis of T2DM, higher random blood glucose levels were positively associated with risks of total cancer, liver cancer, and female breast cancer (all P’s for trend ≤ 0.02). In conclusion, T2DM is associated with an increased risk of new-onset cancer in China, particularly cancers of the liver, pancreas, and female breast.

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30

Raptis, Dimitri, and Charles Imber. "Diagnosis and management of primary liver cancer in men." Trends in Urology & Men's Health 13, no. 4 (July 2022): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tre.865.

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Yang, Xien, Quanhong Ou, Weiye Yang, Youming Shi, and Gang Liu. "Diagnosis of liver cancer by FTIR spectra of serum." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 263 (December 2021): 120181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2021.120181.

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32

Wei, Xiao-Cui, Li-Juan Liu, and Fan Zhu. "Exosomes as potential diagnosis and treatment for liver cancer." World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 14, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 334–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v14.i1.334.

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., Vincey Jeba Malar V. "COMPUTER AIDED DIAGNOSIS FOR LIVER CANCER USING STATISTICAL MODEL." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 02, no. 12 (December 25, 2013): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0212014.

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Yamagishi, S., and M. Ohta. "Diagnosis of anaplastic pancreatic cancer with multiple liver metastases." Postgraduate Medical Journal 74, no. 873 (July 1, 1998): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.74.873.447.

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35

Keegan-Rogers, Valerie, and George Y. Wu. "Immunotargeting in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer." Hepatology 9, no. 4 (April 1989): 646–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840090421.

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36

Messaoudi, Rim, Faouzi Jaziri, Achraf Mtibaa, Manuel Grand-Brochier, Hawa Mohamed Ali, Ali Amouri, Hela Fourati, Pascal Chabrot, Faiez Gargouri, and Antoine Vacavant. "Ontology-Based Approach for Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment." Journal of Digital Imaging 32, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10278-018-0115-6.

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Fu, Jing, and Hongyang Wang. "Precision diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer in China." Cancer Letters 412 (January 2018): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.008.

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38

Fang, Jiwei, and Jianfeng Li. "Research on Classification of Primary Liver Cancer Syndrome Based on Data Mining Technology." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (January 7, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2629509.

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This study is based on the analysis of the status quo of the research on liver cancer syndromes, starting with the clinical objective and true four-diagnosis information of TCM inpatients with primary liver cancer, using computer data mining technology to analyze and summarize the syndrome rules from the bottom to the top. Let the data itself show the essence of liver cancer syndrome. First, with the help of hierarchical cluster analysis, we can understand the general characteristics through the rough preliminary classification of the four-diagnosis information of liver cancer patients. Then, with the help of the emerging and mature hidden structure model analysis in recent years, through data modeling, the classification of common syndromes of liver cancer and the corresponding relationship with the four-diagnosis information are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, considering the inherent shortcomings of implicit structure and hierarchical clustering based on the assumption that there is a unique one-to-one correspondence between the four diagnostic information factors and the class (or hidden class) when classifying, we plan to use factor analysis and joint cluster analysis, as supplementary means to further explore the classification of liver cancer syndromes and the corresponding relationship with the four-diagnosis information.

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Zheng, Jianxing, Dongyang Wu, Libing Wang, Fengzhi Qu, Daming Cheng, and Xiaogang Liu. "mir-182-5p Regulates Cell Growth of Liver Cancer via Targeting RCAN1." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2021 (April 17, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6691305.

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Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is an endogenous protein that is involved in the regulation of the occurrence and progression of a variety of cancers, but currently, people know little about its potential mechanism. This study investigated the function and mechanism of RCAN1 and miR-182-5p in liver cancer cells. In this study, reliable data demonstrated that RCAN1 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle progression of liver cancer. Additionally, the expression of RCAN1 was noted to be regulated by its upstream regulator miR-182-5p, and miR-182-5p was prominently highly expressed in liver cancer cells. Based on this, it was further proved through cell experiments that miR-182-5p facilitated cell growth of liver cancer through RCAN1 downregulation, showing that RCAN1 may be a fresh biomarker and target for diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.

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40

Baj, Jacek, Łukasz Bryliński, Filip Woliński, Michał Granat, Katarzyna Kostelecka, Piotr Duda, Jolanta Flieger, et al. "Biomarkers and Genetic Markers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma—What Do We Already Know." Cancers 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2022): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14061493.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer with an increasing worldwide mortality rate. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer. In both types of cancers, early detection is very important. Biomarkers are a relevant part of diagnosis, enabling non-invasive detection and control of cancer recurrence, as well as in the application of screening tests in high-risk groups. Furthermore, some of these biomarkers are useful in controlling therapy and treatment selection. Detection of some markers presents higher sensitivity and specificity in combination with other markers when compared with a single detection. Some gene aberrations are also prognostic markers in the two types of cancers. In the following review, we discuss the most common biomarkers and genetic markers currently being used in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.

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Adamson, E., N. Yussf, and E. Schreiber. "Using Liver Cancer Prevention Messages to Scale up the Diagnosis and Treatment of People Living With Hepatitis B." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 132s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.32800.

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Background and context: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major public health issue in Australia, affecting an estimated 238,000 people. If not appropriately managed, chronic hepatitis B infection can cause cirrhosis and liver cancer. Liver cancer has the fastest increasing incidence rate of all cancers in Australia, and its survival is among the lowest. To reduce the burden of liver cancer, more people with CHB need to be diagnosed and treated. The majority of people living in Australia with CHB (61%) were born overseas, and research indicates people have low levels of understanding about hepatitis B, and its link to liver cancer. Cancer Council Victoria developed several communication campaigns to increase testing and diagnosis for hepatitis B in the Vietnamese and south Sudanese communities living in Victoria. Aim: •To raise awareness about hepatitis B and the link to liver cancer in the Vietnamese and south Sudanese community •To increase understanding about diagnosis, vaccination and management •To mobilize the community to talk to their trusted GP about hepatitis and to be tested. Strategy/Tactics: The campaign strategy was designed to address the knowledge barriers to testing for these two communities. To inform the strategy, qualitative focus groups and community interviews were used to identify perceptions of hepatitis B and liver cancer, as well as the barriers and motivators to testing. Both communities identified their local doctor as a trusted source of health information. Two media campaigns were developed featuring a known doctor from each community. An additional campaign was tailored specifically for young south Sudanese people using hip hop music as method of disseminating key messages about liver cancer prevention. Program/Policy process: The campaigns were designed by the Screening, Early Detection and Immunization Team at Cancer in Council Victoria, Australia. Outcomes: Digital metrics and face to face interviews with community members, nurses and doctors were used to assess the impact of the campaigns. Evaluation results also indicated people did visit their doctor to talk about hepatitis B. The success in motivating people to see their doctor was attributed to the campaigns featuring a message about liver cancer being caused by hepatitis B, and it being led by a known and respected doctor from their own community. What was learned: Cancer organizations can target liver cancer prevention efforts to · increase awareness about liver cancer and hepatitis B in at risk communities; · motivate at risk people to visit their doctor for hepatitis B testing, vaccination and treatment by linking the prevention of liver cancer to hepatitis treatment; · tailor communications to the specific needs of different culturally diverse communities; · collaborate closely with communities from culturally diverse backgrounds to ensure campaign messages and calls to action are culturally appropriate.

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42

Wang, Xiaoping, and Qiaoxia Wang. "Alpha-Fetoprotein and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunity." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9049252.

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Hepatocarcinoma is one of the most prevalent gastroenterological cancers in the world with less effective therapy. As an oncofetal antigen and diagnostic marker for liver cancer, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) possesses a variety of biological functions. Except for its diagnosis in liver cancer, AFP has become a target for liver cancer immunotherapy. Although the immunogenicity of AFP is weak and it could induce the immune escapes through inhibiting the function of dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and T lymphocytes, AFP has attracted more attention in liver cancer immunotherapy. By in vitro modification, the immunogenicity and immune response of AFP could be enhanced. AFP-modified immune cell vaccine or peptide vaccine has displayed the specific antitumor immunity against AFP-positive tumor cells and laid a better foundation for the immunotherapy of liver cancer.

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43

Kumar, Sachin, Faizana Fayaz, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Sakshi Bajaj, Satish Manchanda, and Himangini Bansal. "Nanophytomedicine Based Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Liver Cancer." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 22 (October 8, 2020): 1999–2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666191114113048.

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Liver cancer is the fifth (6.3% of all cancers i.e., 548,000 cases/year) and ninth (2.8% of all cancers i.e., 244,000 cases/year) most prevalent cancer worldwide in men and women, respectively. Although multiple choices of therapies are offered for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) like liver resection or transplant, radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, radioembolization, and systemic targeted agent, by the time of diagnosis, most of the cases of HCC are in an advanced stage, which renders therapies like liver transplant or resection and local ablation impractical; and targeted therapy has its shortcomings like general toxicity, imprecise selectivity, several adversative reactions, and resistance development. Therefore, novel drugs with specificity and selectivity are needed to provide the potential therapeutic response. Various researches have shown the potential of phytomedicines in liver cancer by modulating cell growth, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis. However, their therapeutic potential is held up by their unfavorable properties like stability, poor water solubility, low absorption, and quick metabolism. Nonetheless, the advancement of nanotechnology-based innovative nanocarrier formulations has improved the phytomedicines’ profile to be used in the treatment of liver cancer. Nanocarriers not only improve the solubility and stability of phytomedicines but also extend their residence in plasma and accomplish specificity. In this review, we summarize the advancements introduced by nanotechnology in the treatment of liver cancer. In particular, we discuss quite a few applications of nanophytomedicines like curcumin, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, berberine, apigenin, triptolide, and resveratrol in liver cancer treatment.

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44

Hao, Xiaoke, Huiyan Luo, Michal Krawczyk, Wei Wei, Wenqiu Wang, Juan Wang, Ken Flagg, et al. "DNA methylation markers for diagnosis and prognosis of common cancers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 28 (June 26, 2017): 7414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703577114.

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The ability to identify a specific cancer using minimally invasive biopsy holds great promise for improving the diagnosis, treatment selection, and prediction of prognosis in cancer. Using whole-genome methylation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and machine learning methods, we evaluated the utility of DNA methylation for differentiating tumor tissue and normal tissue for four common cancers (breast, colon, liver, and lung). We identified cancer markers in a training cohort of 1,619 tumor samples and 173 matched adjacent normal tissue samples. We replicated our findings in a separate TCGA cohort of 791 tumor samples and 93 matched adjacent normal tissue samples, as well as an independent Chinese cohort of 394 tumor samples and 324 matched adjacent normal tissue samples. The DNA methylation analysis could predict cancer versus normal tissue with more than 95% accuracy in these three cohorts, demonstrating accuracy comparable to typical diagnostic methods. This analysis also correctly identified 29 of 30 colorectal cancer metastases to the liver and 32 of 34 colorectal cancer metastases to the lung. We also found that methylation patterns can predict prognosis and survival. We correlated differential methylation of CpG sites predictive of cancer with expression of associated genes known to be important in cancer biology, showing decreased expression with increased methylation, as expected. We verified gene expression profiles in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the utility of methylation biomarkers for the molecular characterization of cancer, with implications for diagnosis and prognosis.

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Akuta, Norio, Yusuke Kawamura, Fumitaka Suzuki, Mariko Kobayashi, Yasuji Arase, Satoshi Saitoh, Nozomu Muraishi, et al. "Serum TERT C228T is an important predictor of non-viral liver cancer with fatty liver disease." Hepatology International 16, no. 2 (March 20, 2022): 412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12072-022-10313-y.

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Abstract Background Molecular therapies and precision medicine are expected to be developed for liver cancer based on the diagnosis of DNA somatic alterations. However, it remains unclear whether TERT promoter mutation (TERT C228T) in serum cfDNA is useful for the diagnosis of liver cancer with non-viral fatty liver disease (FLD). Methods This retrospective cohort study examined 258 Japanese patients who had a confirmed diagnosis of primary liver cancer. We investigated the factors associated with TERT C228T and abnormal levels of liver cancer-specific tumor markers (AFP and PIVKAII) in serum samples. Results Multivariate analysis identified the etiology of FLD, vascular invasion, and non-cirrhosis as determinants of TERT C228T-positive liver cancer. Rates of positive TERT C228T in FLD were significantly higher than those of HBV and HCV. Conversely, rates of abnormal AFP in FLD were significantly lower than those of HBV and HCV. Viral suppression of HBV/HCV and alcohol intake did not affect TERT C228T, but AFP was significantly reduced by viral suppression. The rates of positive TERT C228T were significantly lower in HCV patients with viral clearance than those of FLD patients. Conclusion Our results highlight the importance of serum TERT C228T for the detection of non-viral FLD-related liver cancer. TERT C228T is a tumor marker that might not be influenced by inflammation.

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Zhao, Yuanyu, Ting Chen, Hui Wang, Qiang Xue, Wenyuan Guo, Guoshan Ding, Junfeng Dong, and Junsong Ji. "Influence of Three-Dimensional Visual Reconstruction Technology Combined with Virtual Surgical Planning of CTA Images on Precise Resection of Liver Cancer in Hepatobiliary Surgery." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (July 7, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4376654.

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Hepatobiliary malignancies, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract cancers, namely, gallbladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, are linked to a high rate of morbidity and mortality, depending on the phase of the disease. The intricate hepatobiliary anatomy and the need for accurate peroperative management, especially in patients with advanced liver disease, make these tumors difficult to treat. Surgical resection is a notable therapy for hepatobiliary cancers. Unnecessary or excessive liver excision influences patient rehabilitation, normal liver function, and postoperative complications. Hepatobiliary operations must therefore include accurate liver removal. The present advancements in imaging technology are aimed at improving the diagnostic efficacy of liver injury even more. Three-dimensional visual reconstruction is becoming more important in the diagnosis as well as treatment of a variety of disorders. In this paper, we proposed a novel three-dimensional visual reconstruction technology using enhanced nonuniform rational basis spline (ENURBS) combined with virtual surgical planning of Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) images for precise liver cancer resection. The purpose of this project is to rebuild 2D CTA scan images of liver cancer into a 3D reconstructed model for efficient visualization and diagnosis of liver cancer and to prepare an effective preoperative surgical plan for precise liver excision based on a 3D recreated liver model. This method’s performance is compared to that of 2D planning in terms of accuracy and time taken to complete the plan. It is concluded that our proposed technique outperforms the planning technique based on 2D images.

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PELLEGRINO, ANN. "Looking at liver cancer." Nursing 36, no. 10 (October 2006): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200610000-00039.

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Nuray Sever, Özlem, Gökmen Aktaş, Başar Aksoy, and Mustafa Yıldırım. "CLINICAL FACTORS PREDICTING RESPONSE TO REGORAFENIB IN METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER." Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences 9, no. 20 (March 25, 2022): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.38065/euroasiaorg.924.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common disease with high mortality. Regorafenib (Stivarga ®) is an oral small molecule, multiple kinase inhibitor approved worldwide for use in metastatic colorectal cancer. In our study, clinical factors predicting response to regorafenib were investigated. Patients who applied to Gaziantep Medical Park Hospital and Sanko University Medical Faculty Hospital Medical Oncology outpatient clinic between 2010-2021 with the diagnosis of mCRC and using regorafenib were included in the study. Electronic medical records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 15.0 software. A total of 20 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer using regorafenib in the third or fourth line therapy were included in the study. Overall, 15 (75%) patients had liver metastases. The median overall survival of the patients was 25.5 months (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 24.1-26.8). Overall survival was not significantly associated with sex, ECOG performance status score, de novo metastatic disease status, smoking status and weight loss history (p=0.139, p=0.240, p=0.173, p=0.911, p=0.923, respectively). A significant association was found between the presence of liver metastasis and survival (p=0.036). The median overall survival was 40.3 months (95% CI, 0-92.6) in patients without liver metastases, and 25 months (95% CI: 13.8-36.2) in patients with liver metastases. In this retrospective study investigating the factors affecting the survival of patients using regorafenib with the diagnosis of mCRC, the presence of liver metastasis was found to be associated with a poor prognosis.

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Qiu, Wu, Feng Xiao, Xin Yang, Mao Lin Ye, Yu Chi Ming, and Ming Yue Ding. "Application of Fuzzy Enhancement in the Diagnosis of Liver Cancer from Ultrasound Images." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.493.

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Fuzzy enhancement is applied in computer aided diagnosis of liver cancer from B mode ultrasound images as a pre-processing procedure in this paper. It was evaluated with three classifiers including K means, back propagation neural network and support vector machine using 25 features from single gray-level statistic, gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and gray-level run-length matrix (GLRLM). The results show that the fuzzy enhancement algorithm can improve classification accuracy of normal liver, liver cancer and Hemangioma from B mode ultrasound images for three classifiers. It is proved that fuzzy enhancement as an efficient preprocessing procedure could be used in the computer aided diagnosis system of liver cancer.

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50

Zhou, Jian, Huichuan Sun, Zheng Wang, Wenming Cong, Jianhua Wang, Mengsu Zeng, Weiping Zhou, et al. "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2019 Edition)." Liver Cancer 9, no. 6 (2020): 682–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509424.

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Background: Primary liver cancer, around 90% are hepatocellular carcinoma in China, is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of tumor-related death, thereby posing a significant threat to the life and health of the Chinese people. Summary: Since the publication of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer (2017 Edition) in 2018, additional high-quality evidence has emerged with relevance to the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of liver cancer in and outside China that requires the guidelines to be updated. The new edition (2019 Edition) was written by more than 70 experts in the field of liver cancer in China. They reflect the real-world situation in China regarding diagnosing and treating liver cancer in recent years. Key Messages: Most importantly, the new guidelines were endorsed and promulgated by the Bureau of Medical Administration of the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China in December 2019.

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