Tesis: "Local sources"

1

Mauch, Thomas. "Radio Sources in the Local Universe." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/928.

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Doctor of Philosophy This thesis presents a census of radio sources selected from the NRAO (National Radio Astronomy Observatory) VLA (Very Large Array) Sky Survey (NVSS) and Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS) catalogues which have also been observed in the first data release of the 6 degree Field Galaxy Survey (6dFGS), a galaxy redshift survey of the local universe. Radio detections were found for 4,506 galaxies in the 6dFGS near-infrared-selected primary sample, a radio detection rate of 16%. A further 1,196 radio sources were observed by 6dF which were missing from the 6dFGS primary sample either because their host galaxies were too blue in colour or they appeared stellar on optical plates. The full sample comprises the largest and most homogeneous set of spectra and redshifts of radio sources in the local universe ever obtained. Results from the study of these objects form an accurate benchmark from which their cosmic evolution may be understood. 6dF spectra of galaxies have been used to determine the physical cause of radio emission from each object as either star formation or an active galactic nucleus powered by a super-massive black hole. These two classes of radio source have been characterised via a determination of the local radio luminosity function at 1.4 GHz; plotting the variation in their space density with luminosity. The star-formation density of the universe at the present epoch has been determined, the value of which which turns out to be in excellent agreement with previously published values. Fractional luminosity functions have also been determined showing that more massive galaxies have higher star-formation rates and are more likely to host a radio-loud AGN. The large-scale structure of star-forming galaxies and radio-loud AGN in the local universe has been studied by determining their clustering properties via the two-point correlation function. Radio-loud AGN are found to cluster more strongly than star-forming galaxies confirming that these objects are biased tracers of the underlying matter distribution. Both star-forming galaxies and AGNs cluster similarly to the underlying host galaxy population in which they reside. This thesis also describes the 843 MHz SUMSS catalogue, made by fitting elliptical Gaussians to sources in images. The catalogue contains radio sources to a limiting peak brightness of 6 mJy/beam at declination less than -50 degrees and 10 mJy/beam at declination greater than -50 degrees. Image artefacts have been classified using a novel technique involving a decision tree, which correctly identifies and rejects spurious sources in over 96% of cases and has ensured the catalogue is more than 95% complete and 90% reliable over most of its flux density range.

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2

Mauch, Thomas. "Radio Sources in the Local Universe." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/928.

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This thesis presents a census of radio sources selected from the NRAO (National Radio Astronomy Observatory) VLA (Very Large Array) Sky Survey (NVSS) and Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS) catalogues which have also been observed in the first data release of the 6 degree Field Galaxy Survey (6dFGS), a galaxy redshift survey of the local universe. Radio detections were found for 4,506 galaxies in the 6dFGS near-infrared-selected primary sample, a radio detection rate of 16%. A further 1,196 radio sources were observed by 6dF which were missing from the 6dFGS primary sample either because their host galaxies were too blue in colour or they appeared stellar on optical plates. The full sample comprises the largest and most homogeneous set of spectra and redshifts of radio sources in the local universe ever obtained. Results from the study of these objects form an accurate benchmark from which their cosmic evolution may be understood. 6dF spectra of galaxies have been used to determine the physical cause of radio emission from each object as either star formation or an active galactic nucleus powered by a super-massive black hole. These two classes of radio source have been characterised via a determination of the local radio luminosity function at 1.4 GHz; plotting the variation in their space density with luminosity. The star-formation density of the universe at the present epoch has been determined, the value of which which turns out to be in excellent agreement with previously published values. Fractional luminosity functions have also been determined showing that more massive galaxies have higher star-formation rates and are more likely to host a radio-loud AGN. The large-scale structure of star-forming galaxies and radio-loud AGN in the local universe has been studied by determining their clustering properties via the two-point correlation function. Radio-loud AGN are found to cluster more strongly than star-forming galaxies confirming that these objects are biased tracers of the underlying matter distribution. Both star-forming galaxies and AGNs cluster similarly to the underlying host galaxy population in which they reside. This thesis also describes the 843 MHz SUMSS catalogue, made by fitting elliptical Gaussians to sources in images. The catalogue contains radio sources to a limiting peak brightness of 6 mJy/beam at declination less than -50 degrees and 10 mJy/beam at declination greater than -50 degrees. Image artefacts have been classified using a novel technique involving a decision tree, which correctly identifies and rejects spurious sources in over 96% of cases and has ensured the catalogue is more than 95% complete and 90% reliable over most of its flux density range.

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3

Tonin, Hemerson E., and hemer tonin@flinders edu au. "Atmospheric freshwater sources for eastern Pacific surface salinity." Flinders University. Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061031.080144.

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The remarkable salinity difference between the upper Pacific and Atlantic Oceans is often explained through net export of water vapour across Central America. To investigate this mechanism a study of salinity signals in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean current system was made looking at responses to fresh water input from two sources (local versus remote - Atlantic Ocean) as well as a combination of the two. Statistical analyses (Empirical Orthogonal Functions, Single Value Decomposition and Wavelet analysis) were used to split the main sources of the atmospheric freshwater input into local and remote contributions and to quantify both contributions. The remote source was assumed to have been transported over Central America from the Atlantic Ocean as an atmospheric freshwater flux, whereas the local source originated in the Pacific Ocean itself. The analysis suggests that 74% of the total variance in precipitation over the tropical eastern Pacific is due to water vapour transport from the Atlantic. It also demonstrates strong influence of ENSO events, with maximum correlation at a two months time lag. During La Niï¿½a periods the precipitation variance is more closely related to water vapour transport across Central America (the remote source), while during El Niï¿½o periods it is more closely related to the water vapour transport by Southerly winds along the west coast of South America (the local source). The current and temperature fields provided by the Modular Ocean Model (version 2) were used to study the changes in the salinity field when freshwater was added to or removed from the model. ECMWF ERA-40 data taken from the ECMWF data server was used to determine the atmospheric flux of freshwater at the ocean surface, in the form of evaporation minus precipitation (E-P). The Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) computed from temperature and salinity fields determines to what depth the salinity's dilution/concentration takes place for every grid point. Each MLD was calculated from the results of the previous time step, and the water column was considered well mixed from the surface to this depth. The statistical relationships were used to reconstruct the precipitation over the tropical eastern Pacific. A numerical ocean model, which uses currents and temperature from a global ocean model and is forced by precipitation, was used to study the ocean's response to either the remote or the local source acting in isolation. Through time lag correlation analysis of the sea surface salinity anomalies produced by the variation in the reconstructed precipitation fields, it is found that the anomaly signals of salinity propagate westward along the Equator at a rate of approximately 0.25 m.s-1 (6.1 degrees per month).

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4

Ioannidis, Eleftherios. "Local and remote sources of Arctic air pollution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03889862.

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La région arctique se réchauffe plus rapidement que toute autre région de la planète en raison de l’effet des gaz à effet de serre, notamment le CO2, et des forçeurs climatiques à courte durée de vie d’origine anthropique, comme le carbone suie (BC). Au cours des 20 à 30 dernières années, les émissions anthropiques lointain au-dessus des régions de latitude moyenne ont diminué. Les émissions anthropiques dans l’Arctique y contribuent également et pourraient augmenter à l’avenir et influencer davantage la pollution atmosphérique et le climat de l’Arctique. Les émissions naturelles, telles que les aérosols d’origine marine, pourraient également augmenter en raison du changement climatique en cours. Cependant, les processus et les sources qui influencent les aérosols et les gaz traces dans l’Arctique sont mal quantifiés, surtout en hiver. Dans cette thèse, des simulations quasi-hémisphériques et régionales sont réalisées à l’aide du modèle Weather Research Forecast, couplé à la chimie (WRF-Chem). Le modèle est utilisé pour étudier la composition atmosphérique sur la région Arctique et lors de deux campagnes de terrain, l’une au nord de l’Alaska à Barrow, Utqiagvik en janvier et février 2014 et la seconde à Fairbanks, au centre de l’Alaska en novembre et décembre 2019 lors de la campagne française pré-ALPACA (Alaskan Layered Pollution And Chemical Analysis). Tout d’abord, les aérosols inorganiques et les aérosols de sel marin (SSA) modélisés sont évalués sur des sites arctiques pendant l’hiver. Ensuite, le modèle est amélioré en ce qui concerne les traitements des SSA, après évaluation par rapport aux données de la campagne de Barrow, et leur contribution à la charge totale d’aérosols dans la région arctique est quantifiée. Une série d’analyses de sensibilité est effectuée sur le nord de l’Alaska, révélant des incertitudes du modèle dans les processus influençant les SSA dans l’Arctique, tels que la présence de glace de mer et de chenaux ouverts. Ensuite, une analyse de sensibilité est effectuée pour étudier les processus et les sources qui influencent le BC hivernale dans l’ensemble de l’Arctique et au nord de l’Alaska, en se concentrant sur les traitements de dépôt et les émissions régionales. Des variations de la sensibilité du modèle aux dépôts humides et secs sont constatées dans tout l’Arctique et pourraient expliquer les biais du modèle. Dans le nord de l’Alaska, les émissions régionales provenant de l’extraction pétrolière contribuent de manière importante au BC observée. Les résultats du modèle sont également sensibles aux schémas de paramétrisation de la couche limite. Troisièmement, la version améliorée du modèle est utilisée pour étudier la contribution des sources régionales et locales à la pollution atmosphérique dans la région de Fairbanks pendant l’hiver 2019. En utilisant des émissions actualisées, le modèle donne de meilleurs résultats pour l’hiver 2019 que pour l’hiver 2014, lorsqu’on le compare aux observations effectuées sur des sites de fond en Alaska. Les sous-estimations des aérosols modélisés de BC et de sulfate s’expliquent en partie par le manque d’émissions anthropiques locales et régionales. Dans le cas du sulfate , des mécanismes supplémentaires de formation d’aérosols secondaires dans des conditions sombres/froides doivent également être pris en compte The Arctic region is warming faster than any other region on Earth due to the effect of greenhouse gases, notably CO2, and short-lived climate forcers of anthropogenic origin, such as black carbon (BC). Over the last 20-30 years, remote anthropogenic emissions over mid-latitude regions have been decreasing. Anthropogenic emissions within the Arctic are also contributing and might increase in the future and further affect Arctic air pollution and climate. Natural emissions, such as sea-spray aerosols, also might increase due to on-going climate change. However, the processes and sources influencing Arctic aerosols and trace gases are poorly quantified, especially in wintertime. In this thesis, quasi-hemispheric and regional simulations are performed using the Weather Research Forecast model, coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem). The model is used to investigate atmospheric composition over the wider Arctic and during two field campaigns, one in northern Alaska at Barrow, Utqiagvik in January and February 2014 and the second in Fairbanks, central Alaska in November and December 2019 during the French pre-ALPACA (Alaskan Layered Pollution And Chemical Analysis) campaign. First, modelled inorganic and sea-spray (SSA) aerosols are evaluated at remote Arctic sites during wintertime. Then, the model is improved with respect to SSA treatments, following evaluation against Barrow field campaign data, and their contribution to the total aerosol burden within the Arctic region is quantified. A series of sensitivity runs are performed over northern Alaska, revealing model uncertainties in processes influencing SSA in the Arctic such as the presence of sea-ice and open leads. Second, a sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate processes and sources influencing wintertime BC over the wider Arctic and over northern Alaska, with a focus on removal treatments and regional emissions. Variations in model sensitivity to wet and dry deposition is found across the Arctic and could explain model biases. Over northern Alaska, regional emissions from petroleum extraction are found to make an important contribution to observed BC. Model results are also sensitive to planetary boundary layer parameterisation schemes. Third, the improved version of the model is used to investigate the contribution of regional and local sources on air pollution in the Fairbanks area in winter 2019. Using up-to-date emissions, the model performs better in winter 2019 than in winter 2014, when compared to observations at background sites across Alaska. Underestimations in modelled BC and sulphate aerosols can be partly explained by lacking local and regional anthropogenic emissions. In the case of sulphate, additional secondary aerosol formation mechanisms under dark/cold conditions also need to be considered

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5

Perrot, Christophe. "Ceinture de Gould : évolution et sources gamma." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077254.

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6

Goodman, Michael Max. "Wasatch Front Atmospheric Deposition Reflects Regional Desert Dust and Local Anthropogenic Sources." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8256.

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Dust originating from dry lakes contributes harmful and toxic elements to downwind urban areas and mountain snowpack that is compounded by local contaminant inputs from anthropogenic sources. To evaluate dust contributions to an urban area from regional playas, we sampled playa dust sources, urban dust deposition, and snow dust deposition in central Utah, USA. Samples were analyzed for grain size, mineralogy, and chemistry. Bulk mineralogy between playa, urban, and snow dust samples was similar, with silicate, carbonate, and evaporite minerals. Grain size distribution between fine playa, urban, and snow dust particles was also similar. Elements found at high concentrations in playas include Li, Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, and U, and most other elements were found at higher concentrations in urban and snow deposition samples. Particularly enriched elements in dust deposition include Cu, Se, Ag, Cd, Sb, and La, which are sourced from industrial activity, mining, and vehicular emissions and wear. Based on results from mass balance modeling, a large majority of the dust mass deposited on the Wasatch Front is from playa sources. Urban and playa dust sources largely remain constant seasonally, although spikes in playa-associated element concentrations during a particular seasonal sample may indicate frequent and/or more intense dust events. Among the highly environmentally available elements B, Ca, Sr, and U, are Cd and Se, both of which present toxicity concerns for humans and environments. This is the first study describing heavy metal contamination and sources in Utah, USA.

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7

Cardenas, Gonzalez Alben. "Système de contrôle pour l'intégration des sources d'énergie décentralisées au réseau local." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5177/1/030309498.pdf.

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8

Ettmayr, Christopher. "Local content requirements and the impact on the South African renewable energy sector." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/6149.

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Economies aim to expand over time, which always implies the need for increased energy availability in support of this growth. Governments can use their procurement of energy generation to further enhance the benefit to their economies via certain policy tools. One such tool is Local Content Requirements (LCR) where procurement of a good dictates that a certain value has to be sourced locally. The argument for this tool is that spend is localised and manufacturing, as well as job creation, can be stimulated due to industry establishing in the host economy. However, this practice is distortionary in effect and it does not create a fair playing field for global trade. Furthermore, if the local content definition is weak, or open to manipulation, the goals of such a policy may not be achieved at all. This study looked into the local content requirements of South Africa’s Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) and measured the impact of this policy on the renewable energy sector in general. It was found that, in order to implement a policy such as local content, the host economy had to have certain pre-existing conditions in order to avoid any negative welfare effects. Due to SA not holding all supportive pre-conditions for supporting local content policy, the impact and effect of LCRs has not been optimal and it has not been found to be a sustainable mechanism to continue using into the future indefinitely. The pricing of renewable energy was also found to be higher due to local content and such pricing is passed on to the energy consumer. Therefore, the net welfare impact created for South Africa is diminished in exchange for the creation of jobs and manufacturing, but due to the unsustainability and potential manipulation of the system the country is not maximising the welfare potential from the REIPPPP as it should. It was found that SA renewable energy resources do exist and the logistics infrastructure is strong, providing good potential for investment into renewable energy projects. The demand created by the REIPPPP provided a good market, but there was uncertainty in the long term planning and stability. So, from a market perspective this could be further enhanced. Government had created a sufficient platform for investment, but areas of development such as clusters, R&D and skills training would create a better support environment for LCR policy and strict monitoring of this would also be required to prevent any manipulation. The use of LCRs increases project costs and risk, which is passed onto the energy consumers, but this could be reduced if local goods were more readily available at the right price and at the right quality and quantity. Focus on clusters would once again assist in this regard as independent power producers (IPPs) and engineering procurement and construction (EPC) entities would be able to source components and goods locally in a more cost-effective manner. As the LCRs currently stand in the REIPPPP, it would seem that South Africa is making renewable energy more expensive and although it is argued that this is done for the benefit of creating a new industry and jobs, these are not sustainable and so the current LCR policy will only create short term benefits.

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9

Harris, Simon. "The Legh of Booths muniments (c.1280-1808) : the study of a Cheshire family through its archive." Thesis, Keele University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311127.

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10

Klingler-Vidra, Robyn. "All politics is local : sources of variance in the diffusion of venture capital policies." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/875/.

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The diffusion of the neoliberal Silicon Valley venture capital (“VC”) model seems to be another case of convergence on neoliberal orthodoxy as the spread of Silicon Valley replication ambitions is ubiquitous. But, when looking under the veneer of the Silicon Valley VC policy diffusion trend, I find that VC policy diffusion is not a story of “universal convergence.” Though more than 40 states deployed VC policies in an attempt to create local Silicon Valleys, the policies they implemented took different, and interventionist, forms. This thesis seeks explain why variance, rather than convergence, characterizes the diffusion of this clear, successful model. Diffusion scholarship has made initial attempts at theorizing why and how diffusion does not lead to complete convergence. This thesis contributes to this growing body of work by conceptualizing and investigating how bounded rationality drives incomplete convergence. To do this, the thesis extends Kurt Weyland’s work on cognitive biases to by testing how five economic management norms shape the Silicon Valley VC policy diffusion: (1) pre-existing norms guiding state intervention, (2) private sector financing norms, (3) preferences for supporting large or small companies, (4) international versus local company support preferences and (5) bank or capital market preferences. The five economic management norms are drawn on to develop East Asian comparative typologies (Nightwatch-man State, Private Sector Promoter, Financier and Director and Command Economy) to test the impact of the norms in specific cases. This thesis also tests state-of-the-art diffusion literature’s hypotheses about the sources of variance in the diffusion process, namely: the impact of multiple diffusion items, diffusion items’ levels of specificity and diffusion mechanisms. Empirically, this thesis provides a large-N dataset of forty-six countries' VC policies and four East Asian case study analyses (Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore and Vietnam). The case studies reveal how, in the face of competitive pressures, three of the five economic management norms propelled policymakers to choose unique policy formula. As a result, this thesis concludes that Tip O’Neill’s presumption that “all politics is local” rings true in policy diffusion.

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11

Dahlqvist, Melissa, and Louise Uhlin. "”Självklart kan jag ställa upp i tidningen igen” : En studie i hur journalister och intervjupersoner ser på intervjun och nyhetsartikeln." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Communication and Design, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1410.

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In this study we have investigated the news interview both from the perspective of the journalists and of the subjects of the interview.We have made interviews with 50 persons who participated as sources in the news and with 21 journalist who wrote the articles in the local newspapers Östran and Barometern in Kalmar, the 21 of November 2008.The journalists were asked to tell their story of how the articles where produced, how they prepared before the interviews, if they had an image of the articles in advance and if they were satisfied with the outcome of the article. The persons who had been interviewed were asked to tell us how they felt about the interviews, if they were satisfied with the outcome of the article, if they could consider being in the newspaper again and to give their opinion of local journalism.Most of the persons who had been quoted in the articles said that at least one or two things went wrong in the articles. Despite this they would not hesitate to be interviewed the newspaper again.Surprising for us was to see how often the journalists get “served” with both the news and the subjects of the interview. It was for an example often that the Journalists visited press conferences and wrote articles from press releases. When the journalists produced news in this way, they simply interviewed those present at the press conference or the contact person in the press release

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12

Siddiqui, Firoze Ahmed. "Linking innovation and local uptake in rural development: potential for renewable energy cooperatives in Bangladesh." Thesis, Siddiqui, Firoze Ahmed (2003) Linking innovation and local uptake in rural development: potential for renewable energy cooperatives in Bangladesh. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/310/.

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In Bangladesh, as elsewhere in the world, energy both commercial and noncommercial, serves as a major vehicle for development. In the last three decades, lopsided development efforts, without proper concern for the environment and productivity level of natural resources have created significant problems for development sustainability in Bangladesh. The energy sector faces deep crisis in meeting increasing energy demands for development of agriculture, industry, transportation and other sectors of economy. The country is heavily dependent on import of commercial fossil fuel energy, petroleum, petroleum products and coal. Such dependency makes Bangladesh economy more vulnerable to external price shocks in the international energy market. Non-commercial energy plays a dominant role in overall energy consumption in Bangladesh. Use of non commercial energy constitutes about two-thirds of the country's total energy balance and is almost entirely supplied from the already overstressed biomass resources of the country. The population size and the vast majority living in rural areas have created immense pressure on the country's biomass resources resulting in massive deforestation, decline of soil fertility and reduced productivity of agriculture. Desperate access to resources, particularly in rural areas is also causing uneven development of the rural population in Bangladesh. The development of the energy sector is a time bound issue and demands proper and timely attention. For Bangladesh, substitution of current biomass energy use with iv sustainable energy sources and their effective management is therefore critically important to sustain its overall development. There is ample scope for introducing energy efficient technologies and energy conservation measures in commercial and non-commercial energy use in Bangladesh. Effective and realistic energy planning and policy formulation is therefore crucially important for sustainable development in Bangladesh. The thesis explores the possibility of introducing an alternate approach to rural energy development through a series of case studies on selected technologies viz. biogas and improved efficiency cook stoves technology projects in the public sector and Grameen Shakti's renewable energy programme in the private sector. Application of village energy supply system based on renewable energy technologies utilising abundantly available renewable resources of the country and already well in place technologies such as solar PV, bio digesters and energy storage batteries will be trailed within a framework that works with the participation of the (rural/village) community in running and managing energy supply in the villages. Introduction of a community based energy supply system Rural Energy Cooperative (REC) has been examined as a model for rural energy development, targeting economic, environmental and community development at the same time, which forms together the necessary foundation for sustainable development in (rural) Bangladesh, as well as in other parts of the developing world.

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13

Siddiqui, Firoze Ahmed. "Linking innovation and local uptake in rural development : potential for renewable energy cooperatives in Bangladesh /." Siddiqui, Firoze Ahmed (2003) Linking innovation and local uptake in rural development: potential for renewable energy cooperatives in Bangladesh. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/310/.

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In Bangladesh, as elsewhere in the world, energy both commercial and noncommercial, serves as a major vehicle for development. In the last three decades, lopsided development efforts, without proper concern for the environment and productivity level of natural resources have created significant problems for development sustainability in Bangladesh. The energy sector faces deep crisis in meeting increasing energy demands for development of agriculture, industry, transportation and other sectors of economy. The country is heavily dependent on import of commercial fossil fuel energy, petroleum, petroleum products and coal. Such dependency makes Bangladesh economy more vulnerable to external price shocks in the international energy market. Non-commercial energy plays a dominant role in overall energy consumption in Bangladesh. Use of non commercial energy constitutes about two-thirds of the country's total energy balance and is almost entirely supplied from the already overstressed biomass resources of the country. The population size and the vast majority living in rural areas have created immense pressure on the country's biomass resources resulting in massive deforestation, decline of soil fertility and reduced productivity of agriculture. Desperate access to resources, particularly in rural areas is also causing uneven development of the rural population in Bangladesh. The development of the energy sector is a time bound issue and demands proper and timely attention. For Bangladesh, substitution of current biomass energy use with iv sustainable energy sources and their effective management is therefore critically important to sustain its overall development. There is ample scope for introducing energy efficient technologies and energy conservation measures in commercial and non-commercial energy use in Bangladesh. Effective and realistic energy planning and policy formulation is therefore crucially important for sustainable development in Bangladesh. The thesis explores the possibility of introducing an alternate approach to rural energy development through a series of case studies on selected technologies viz. biogas and improved efficiency cook stoves technology projects in the public sector and Grameen Shakti's renewable energy programme in the private sector. Application of village energy supply system based on renewable energy technologies utilising abundantly available renewable resources of the country and already well in place technologies such as solar PV, bio digesters and energy storage batteries will be trailed within a framework that works with the participation of the (rural/village) community in running and managing energy supply in the villages. Introduction of a community based energy supply system Rural Energy Cooperative (REC) has been examined as a model for rural energy development, targeting economic, environmental and community development at the same time, which forms together the necessary foundation for sustainable development in (rural) Bangladesh, as well as in other parts of the developing world.

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14

López, Lomelí Miguel Angel. "Global, local and glocal brands in emerging markets: sources of brand value and brand purchase likelihood." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399555.

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Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo dar respuesta a tres preguntas principales de investigación: RQ (1) ¿Cuáles son los antecedentes que aumentan la probabilidad de compra de marca local en mercados emergentes (EMS), existen factores específicos para las marcas de alimentos y las marcas de prendas de vestir? RQ (2) ¿Cómo se pueden clasificar las marcas presentes en el mercado en Global, Local y Glocal con base en las percepciones del consumidor, son los resultados de estas categorizaciones basadas en el consumidor similares a las categorizaciones que están basadas en criterios objetivos? RQ (3) ¿Es la relación entre los antecedentes previamente identificados y la probabilidad de compra de marca similar para las marcas globales, locales y glocales que compiten en la misma categoría, o son diferentes para cada tipo de marca? Se ha identificado que existe un vacío en la literatura con respecto a estas preguntas y este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo aportar conocimientos sobre estas relaciones. El primer ensayo examina los antecedentes en relación con la probabilidad de compra de marca para las marcas locales. El segundo ensayo examina cómo la categorización de marcas basada en las percepciones de los consumidores difiere de las categorizaciones estándar que se encuentran en la literatura, y el tercer ensayo examina cómo estos antecedentes influyen positivamente en la probabilidad de compra de la marca, en los diferentes tipos de marcas, y si hay un factor con el rol de moderador en estas relaciones. Los resultados de estos tres ensayos sugieren: en el estudio 1 del primer ensayo, que tres factores influyen positivamente la probabilidad de compra de las marcas locales de alimentos y también muestran que para los consumidores más jóvenes, existe un factor adicional. En el estudio 2 del primer ensayo, cinco factores están positivamente relacionados con probabilidad de compra de las marcas de ropa locales. El ensayo 2, ofrece una categorización de algunas marcas líderes que se venden en el mercado mexicano, en global, local y glocal, basadas en la perspectiva del consumidor. Los hallazgos sugieren que existen diferencias relevantes entre los resultados de la categorización de marcas basada en la percepción del consumidor y la categorización de marcas basada en enfoques objetivos tradicionales encontrados en la literatura. En el ensayo 3, algunos antecedentes se relacionan positivamente con la probabilidad de compra de la marca, y son relevantes para todas las categorías de marcas. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el tipo de marca modera algunas de estas relaciones. Todos estos estudios se llevaron a cabo entre consumidores mexicanos y los datos fueron analizados con pruebas estadísticas y ecuaciones estructurales. Esta investigación contribuye al conocimiento académico actual poniendo en relieve las siguientes áreas: 1, desarrolla y prueba un modelo integral de los antecedentes de la probabilidad de compra de marca que combina varias teorías y corrientes de investigación. 2, desarrolla una tipología para medir cuatro tipos de marcas, ampliando la teoría de Steenkamp de De Jong al contexto del estudio de marcas. 3, desarrolla y prueba hipótesis del papel moderador del tipo de marca y sus efectos en la relación de estos antecedentes y la probabilidad de compra de la marca. Todo lo anterior se llevó a cabo dentro de un contexto de mercados emergentes. Además, nuestro trabajo de investigación contribuye al ámbito de la gestión, proporcionando conocimientos adicionales para la gerencia de marca en los mercados emergentes, que les permiten desarrollar estrategias de marca y de comercialización sostenibles, buscando tener éxito en un entorno globalmente competitivo. This doctoral dissertation aims to address three main Research Questions: RQ (1) What are the antecedents that enhance local brand purchase likelihood in emerging markets (EMs), and are there specific factors for food and clothing brands? RQ (2) How can brands present in the market be classified into Global, Local and Glocal based on consumer perceptions, and are the results of these consumer-based categorisations similar to the categorisations based on objective criteria? RQ (3) Is the relationship between previously-identified brand antecedents and brand-purchase likelihood similar for global, local and glocal brands competing in the same category, or different for each type of brand? A gap in the literature has been identified regarding these questions and this research work aims to provide insights into these relationships. The first essay examines the antecedents of the brand purchase likelihood for local brands. The second essay examines how consumer perceptions of brand categorisation differ from the standard categorisations found in the literature, and the third essay examines how these antecedents positively influence the brand purchase likelihood of the different types of brands, and if there is a moderating role in these relationships. The findings of these three essays suggest the following: in study 1 of essay 1, three factors positively influence local food-brand purchase likelihood and also show that, for younger consumers, an additional factor is present. In study 2 of essay 1, five factors are positively related with local clothing-brand purchase likelihood. Essay 2 provides a categorisation of some leading brands sold in the Mexican market into global, local and glocal, based on consumer perspective. The findings suggest that there are relevant differences in the results of this categorisation of brands vs. the traditional objective approaches found in the literature. In essay 3 some antecedents are positively related with brand purchase likelihood, and, in addition, relevant to all brand categories. Our results suggest that the type of brand moderates some of these relationships. All these surveys were conducted among Mexican consumers and data analysed with statistical tests and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Our research work contributes to the current academic body of knowledge by highlighting the following areas:1, by combining theories from different streams to develop and test a comprehensive model of drivers of brand purchase likelihood. 2, by developing a typology to measure four types of brands by extending Steenkamp and De Jong’s theory to the branding context. 3, by hypothesising and testing the moderating role of brand type on the effects of these theoretically-grounded drivers of purchase likelihood. All of the above takes place within an emerging-market context. In addition, our research work contributes to the field of management by providing additional insight for brand-managers in emerging markets in the development of sustainable branding and marketing strategies, in order to help them succeed in a globally competitive environment.

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15

Chen, Qizhong. "Identifying and analyzing sources of overhead in the TCP/IP communication protocol over a local area network." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12052009-020017/.

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16

Chan, Mei-yuk Yonny, and 陳美玉. "Stress faced by school headteachers: a study of sources of stress of local primary school headteachers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31962774.

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Chan, Mei-yuk Yonny. "Stress faced by school headteachers : a study of sources of stress of local primary school headteachers /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25752078.

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18

Renzi, Cédric. "Identification expérimentale de sources vibratoires par résolution du problème inverse modélisé par un opérateur éléments finis local." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0146/document.

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L'objet de cette thèse est l'extension aux structures complexes de la méthode de Résolution Inverse Fenêtrée Filtrée (RIFF). L'idée principale se base sur le modèle Eléments Finis local et libre d'une partie de la structure étudiée. Tout d'abord, la méthode a été développée dans le cas des poutres. Les mesures de vibrations sont alors injectées dans le modèle Eléments Finis de la partie de poutre analysée. Les rotations sont estimées à l'aide de mesures de déplacements supplémentaires et des fonctions de forme sur le support élémentaire. La méthode étant sensible vis-à-vis des incertitudes de mesures, une régularisation a dû être développée. Celle-ci repose sur une double inversion de l'opérateur où une régularisation de type Tikhonov est appliquée dans la seconde inversion. L'optimisation de cette régularisation est réalisée par le principe de la courbe en L. A cause des effets de lissage induits par la régularisation, les moments ne peuvent être reconstruits mais ils apparaissent comme des ''doublets'' de forces. Ceci nous a conduit à résoudre le problème en supposant que seules des forces agissent sur la poutre. Enfin, une étude des effets de la troncature du domaine a été menée dans le but de s'affranchir des efforts de couplage apparaissant aux limites de la zone étudiée. Le cas des plaques a été considéré ensuite afin d'augmenter progressivement la complexité des modèles utilisés. L'approche Eléments Finis a permis d'intégrer à la méthode des techniques de condensation dynamique et de réduction par la méthode de Craig-Bampton. Le nombre de degrés de liberté est trop élevé pour permettre une estimation des rotations par mesures de déplacements supplémentaires, la condensation dynamique est employée afin de les supprimer dans le modèle théorique. Par ailleurs, la régularisation induisant une perte de résolution spatiale à cause de son effet de lissage, une procédure de déconvolution spatiale basée sur l'algorithme de Richardson-Lucy a été ajoutée en post traitement. Enfin, une application de la méthode à la détection de défauts a été envisagée de même que l'application de la méthode à l'identification des efforts appliqués par une pompe à huile sur un banc d'essais industriel. Le travail s'est donc appuyé sur des développements numériques et la méthode a été validée expérimentalement en laboratoire et en contexte industriel. Les résultats de la thèse fournissent un outil prédictif des efforts injectés par des sources de vibrations raccordées à une structure en s'appuyant sur un modèle Eléments Finis local et des mesures de déplacements vibratoires, le tout en régime harmonique The object of this thesis is the extension to complex structures of the RIFF method (Résolution Inverse Fenêtrée Filtrée). Considering a subpart of a structure, the main idea is to build a local Finite Element model using free boundary conditions. First, the general method was developed on beams. Vibration measurements are injected in the Finite Element model of the analysed part of the beam. Rotations are estimated using extra-displacement measurements and elementary shape functions. The method is highly sensitive towards errors present in measurements, so a regularisation had to be used. This one consists in a double inversion of the operator where a Tikhonov regularisation is applied when performing the second inversion. The regularisation parameter is tuned by the L-curve principle. Because of the smoothing effect of the Tikhonov procedure, moments cannot be reconstructed anymore at this stage, but they do still appear as sets of opposite forces. This setback led us to solve the problem by restricting it to forces only equations. At last, the study of the truncature of the domain was conducted in the aim to suppress coupling forces appearing at the limits of the studied area. Then, the case of plates was considered in order to increase progressively the models’ complexities. The Finite Element approach permitted us to implement dynamical condensation as well as Craig-Bampton reduction techniques. This allowed us to reduce the total number of degrees of freedom to be taken into account both from a numerical and an experimental standpoint. For example, dynamical condensation allows to eliminate rotations in the model. Besides, regularisation induces a lack of spatial resolution because of its smoothing effect. A spatial deconvolution technique was therefore developed; it is based on the Richardson-Lucy algorithm which is applied at a post-processing stage. At last, it was successfully proposed to extend the method to the application of detecting defaults present in the structure. The method was also validated on an industrial test bench in order to identify the forces applied by an oil pump taken from a truck’s engine. This phD thesis relied on numerical developments and the method was validated experimentally both in laboratory and industrial context. Main results provide a predictive tool to evaluate injected forces by vibration sources linked to a structure. It necessitates to inject vibratory displacements measurements into a Finite Element model

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19

Perkins, Nancy S. Hesse Douglas Dean. "The Echoes project five case studies of students writing research papers using primary sources in a collaborative community /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1992. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9311288.

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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1992. Title from title page screen, viewed February 3, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Douglas Hesse (chair), Ronald J. Fortune, Ray Lewis White, Steven E. Kagle. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 383-402) and abstract. Also available in print.

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20

Renzi, Cédric. "Identification Expérimentale de Sources vibratoires par Résolution du problème Inverse modélisé par un opérateur Eléments Finis local." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715820.

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L'objet de cette thèse est l'extension aux structures complexes de la méthode de Résolution Inverse Fenêtrée Filtrée (RIFF). L'idée principale se base sur le modèle Eléments Finis local et libre d'une partie de la structure étudiée. Tout d'abord, la méthode a été développée dans le cas des poutres. Les mesures de vibrations sont alors injectées dans le modèle Eléments Finis de la partie de poutre analysée. Les rotations sont estimées à l'aide de mesures de déplacements supplémentaires et des fonctions de forme sur le support élémentaire. La méthode étant sensible vis-à-vis des incertitudes de mesures, une régularisation a dû être développée. Celle-ci repose sur une double inversion de l'opérateur où une régularisation de type Tikhonov est appliquée dans la seconde inversion. L'optimisation de cette régularisation est réalisée par le principe de la courbe en L. A cause des effets de lissage induits par la régularisation, les moments ne peuvent être reconstruits mais ils apparaissent comme des "doublets" de forces. Ceci nous a conduit à résoudre le problème en supposant que seules des forces agissent sur la poutre. Enfin, une étude des effets de la troncature du domaine a été menée dans le but de s'affranchir des efforts de couplage apparaissant aux limites de la zone étudiée. Le cas des plaques a été considéré ensuite afin d'augmenter progressivement la complexité des modèles utilisés. L'approche Eléments Finis a permis d'intégrer à la méthode des techniques de condensation dynamique et de réduction par la méthode de Craig-Bampton. Le nombre de degrés de liberté est trop élevé pour permettre une estimation des rotations par mesures de déplacements supplémentaires, la condensation dynamique est employée afin de les supprimer dans le modèle théorique. Par ailleurs, la régularisation induisant une perte de résolution spatiale à cause de son effet de lissage, une procédure de déconvolution spatiale basée sur l'algorithme de Richardson- Lucy a été ajoutée en post traitement. Enfin, une application de la méthode à la détection de défauts a été envisagée de même que l'application de la méthode à l'identification des efforts appliqués par une pompe à huile sur un banc d'essais industriel. Le travail s'est donc appuyé sur des développements numériques et la méthode a été validée expérimentalement en laboratoire et en contexte industriel. Les résultats de la thèse fournissent un outil prédictif des efforts injectés par des sources de vibrations raccordées à une structure en s'appuyant sur un modèle Eléments Finis local et des mesures vibratoires, le tout en régime harmonique.

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21

Ringhagen, Sara, and Josefine Antonsson. ""They lie, slant and make bias" - or? : A qualitative study of sources in the local newspaper Jönköpings-Posten." Thesis, University of Kalmar, University of Kalmar, University of Kalmar, University of Kalmar, School of Communication and Design, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1052.

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The purpose of this thesis was to examine what people who had been interviewed and quoted in a local newspaper feel about being interviewed and what they think of the published article. Our aim was also to make a comparison of “known” sources and “unknown” sources.The main issues were: How do the sources of a local newspaper perceive that they are being treated in the actual interview? What do the sources think of the published article in which they are quoted? Do they trust media and journalists in general? Do the opinions differ between those who are used to being interviewed and those who are unfamiliar with the situation?This study was carried out through qualitative interviews with respondents who have been quoted in a local newspaper in Jönköping, Jönköpings-Posten. Articles were selected from three days in November. The articles should be based on one or more interviews and had to be large. At least one person should be quoted more than once in the selected article. In total 30 interviews were made.The study showed that the sources overall were pleased with the article and the way they were being presented. Nor was there anything to complain about when it came to the journalist’s behaviour. But almost everyone expressed certain scepticism when it came to confidence in media in general. However, most of the persons interviewed had an understanding of the ways that journalists work. We were surprised that the result was so positive and also that the people that were not used to being interviewed were more positive than those who often appear in the local press.

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22

Dickman, Jeffrey. "Multipath limiting antenna design considerations for ground based pseudolite ranging sources." Ohio : Ohio University, 2001. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173814251.

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23

Steyn, Wynand Petrus. "Local government viability, local government taxation : local government viability : an analysis of municipal tax sources in South Africa and the application of international trends to broaden the tax base / by Wynand Petrus Steyn." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/643.

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Local government finance in South Africa is experiencing extreme financial pressure due to the expectations of both politicians and the voter core. The politicians who, in their election campaigns, promised the voters better infrastructure mainly created these expectations. Central and Provincial government added to this pressure with the devolution of functions to local government level. The financial resources transferred by central and provincial government to local government for these additional functions, however, have not kept pace with the responsibilities. This is leaving a shortfall that must be financed by local government from their own resources. The pressure to improve and provide new infrastructure and services far exceeds the availability of funds. Local government has three alternatives to provide the needed funding. First it can increase its rates and taxes to a level where revenue and expenditure come to equilibrium. The problem with this alternative is affordability. Taxes can only be raised to a certain level before formal resistance from ratepayers will result in refusals to pay or they would geographically move to an area where taxes are more affordable. Second, local government can investigate and implement alternative revenue resources. A number of such alternative sources were found during this study of international trends. One example is indirect tax, which is raised at one point and then devolved downward to the end user of the goods or service. The advantage is that both the owners of property as well as all other inhabitants of the area carry the tax burden. At the same time, local government must ensure that the base (property values) on which these taxes are calculated stay current in relation to market trends. This can be achieved by ensuring that revaluations take place on a yearly basis for all properties. There are various methods, such as the relative sales approach, that local government can use in this process to counter the prohibitive costs of a yearly zero based evaluation. Current legislation in South Africa is over prescriptive and amendments are needed to ensure local authorities maintain their autonomy and discretion over their own affairs. One example of such prescriptiveness is the exemption of the first R 15,000 of the valuation of residential property value. This section in the Act is certainly regressive as far as small local authorities are concerned. Valuations in small local authorities, as a norm, are much lower than that of their larger counterparts. The result is that they, the small local authorities, lose a larger proportion of their tax revenue due to this exemption. Legislation needs to be amended to allow for a percentage of valuation as exemption. This will ensure that both large and small local authorities carry a relatively equal loss in revenue. The study proposes a number of amendments to legislation currently in place and through the financial model show the effect of such amendments on property tax revenue. The model further strengthens the findings that legislation amendments are needed to ensure the long-term viability of local government in South Africa. Third, local government cannot only rely on additional revenue resources to resolve the dilemma. Budget prioritisation and control is of great importance. Alternative methods and procedures for budget preparation must be developed and implemented. Sufficient information must be given to Council to enable them to make hard budget decisions and to later defend those decisions with their voters. The information should include the long-term socio-economic effects of alternatives to the proposed budget items. Multi year budgets showing the long term financial effect of a project is an absolute must. During the study the need for proper communication also came to the fore. There is a lack of effective and open communication between council, the media and the ratepayers. More resources should be channelled to this important aspect of local government. It is necessary to inform and school the broad public on the responsibilities and operations of local government. Properly informed, the public will over the longer term show more understanding when projects are deferred or tax levels are raised. Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Management and Administration))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

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24

Allaman, John Lee Holsinger M. Paul. "Nineteenth century homicide in Henderson County, Illinois a study of court records and the press media as reliable sources for writing local history /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1989. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p8918602.

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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1989. Title from title page screen, viewed September 26, 2005. Dissertation Committee: M. Paul Holsinger (chair), Lawrence W. McBride, Walker D. Wyman, Beverly A. Smith, Carl J. Ekberg. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-249) and abstract. Also available in print.

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25

Hollingworth, T. S. "The influence of local wind effects upon the approach behaviour of some male lepidoptera to field pheromone sources." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373998.

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26

Terrier, Régis. "Calorimétrie et recherche de sources en astronomie gamma spatiale." Paris 7, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002636.

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27

Jansén, Jan. "Agriculture, energy and sustainability : case studies of a local farming community in Sweden /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5767-X.pdf.

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28

Frasoński, Tomasz. "Source of inspiration for the product – demonstration of the potential of the local creative industry to develop new products to promote the region of Lodz." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17952.

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This paper presents and discusses the methodology of designing knitted fabrics and garments, taking into account the context of the Lodz avant-garde as a source of inspiration. The rich history and culture of the city of Lodz can be a promotional element of the city and a driving force for further development. The process of building and implementing the city's development strategy considers the promotion of creative industries, including the creation of new products related to local crafts and arts. The presented results of the work broaden the formal thinking in the design process and an alternative concept form of work suitable for theoreticians and practitioners working in this field – including knowledge of technology and programming in CNC industrial knitting machine. The work shows the results as presented by manufactured samples of knitted fabrics and forms of clothing, which may constitute a design proposal to promote the Lodz region.

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29

Yamada, Jaqueline Kiyomi. "Inoculum dynamics of Ralstonia spp.: potential sources, persistence in a local population and selection of phages to reduce bacteria survival." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/22454.

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Submitted by MARCOS LEANDRO TEIXEIRA DE OLIVEIRA (marcosteixeira@ufv.br) on 2018-11-01T13:24:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1410315 bytes, checksum: 018838e11a8a7e3cca3d440cf4f025db (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-01T13:24:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1410315 bytes, checksum: 018838e11a8a7e3cca3d440cf4f025db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-27 Ralstonia spp. são conhecidas por causar murcha bacteriana em várias plantas de interesse econômico. O patógeno possui alta variabilidade genética, ampla variedade de hospedeiros e pode sobreviver no solo mesmo na ausência de hospedeiros. A compreensão das potenciais fontes de inóculo, que contribuem para a variabilidade genética no centro de origem do patógeno é interessante para o manejo da doença. O papel dos rios, plantas daninhas e da população nativa de Ralstonia spp. em áreas de vegetação natural no desenvolvimento de epidemias de murcha bacteriana é pouco compreendido. A variabilidade genética entre cepas de Ralstonia spp. em uma região onde a doença é endêmica pode elucidar a contribuição dos meios de dispersão e fatores associados à sobrevivência. No presente estudo, a detecção de Ralstonia spp. em rios de diferentes biomas do Brasil revelou o potencial destes recursos naturais para dispersar o patógeno. As plantas invasoras mostraram ser importantes reservatórios de ambas as espécies de Ralstonia que ocorrem no Brasil e colaboram para sua sobrevivência. Métodos de detecção não foram sensíveis para confirmar a presença de Ralstonia spp. em amostras de solo de áreas sem ocorrência de murcha bacteriana. Quando se analisaram 204 isolados de R. solanacearum e 60 isolados de R. pseudosolanacearum obtidos do município de Coimbra, Minas Gerais, constatou-se haver baixa variabilidade genotípica e clonalidade. Nenhuma estruturação foi observada para as regiões do município, mas a composição genotípica variou entre os anos amostrados. Para o controle alternativo da murcha bacteriana, cinco fagos pertencentes à família Siphoviridae, ordem Caudovirales, foram isolados em amostras de solo. A análise molecular e a gama de hospedeiros com diferentes isolados de Ralstonia spp., representando o Brasil, revelaram diferenças entre os vírus. Adicionalmente, houve diferenças quanto à gama de hospedeiros quando os cinco fagos foram expostos a 24 isolados de Ralstonia spp. Os fagos não foram capazes de prevenir a infecção e controlar o número de células de Ralstonia spp. no solo. Outros métodos de aplicação são necessários para avaliar a eficiência dos fagos no controle da murcha bacteriana. Ralstonia spp. are known to cause bacterial wilt in several plants of economic interest. The pathogen has high genetic variability, wide host range and can survive in the soil even in the absence of hosts. Understanding potential inoculum sources that contribute to genetic variability in the center of origin is interesting to the management of the disease. The importance of rivers, weeds and native population of Ralstonia spp. in areas of natural vegetation in the development of epidemics of bacterial wilt is poorly understood. Genetic variability among strains of Ralstonia spp. in a local region where the disease is endemic can elucidate the contribution of the means of dispersal and factors of survival. In the present study, the detection of Ralstonia spp. was attempted in water of rivers of different biomes of Brazil and revealed the potential of these natural resources to disperse the pathogen. Weeds were important reservoirs of both species of Ralstonia that occur in Brazil, and collaborate to their survival. Methods of detection were not sensitive to confirm the presence of Ralstonia spp. in soil samples from areas without the occurrence of bacterial wilt. The genetic variability of 204 strains of R. solanacearum and 60 strains of R. pseudosolanacearum from the municipality of Coimbra, Minas Gerais, was low and there was evidence of clonality in the population. The population was not genetically structured according to the geographic region in the municipality, however the genotypic composition varied in time. To assess an alternative measure to control bacterial wilt, five phages were isolated. All phages belong to the Siphoviridae family, Caudovirales order. Molecular analysis and host range with different R. solanacearum strains revealed differences among the viruses. There were differences in the host range when the five phages were exposed to 24 Ralstonia spp. strains. The phages were not able to prevent tomato infection and control the number of cells of Ralstonia spp. in the soil. Other methods of application are necessary to evaluate the efficiency of the phages to control of bacterial wilt.

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30

Fellows, Jacqueline L. "Sources Say … He May Have Been Depressed and Angry: A Case Study and Content Analysis of Mental Illness Sources Used in Newspaper Coverage of Mass Shootings in 2015." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984270/.

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The increase of mass shootings in the U.S. has amplified news reporting on mental illness as a possible factor in the shootings despite no evidence linking the two issues. Sources used to explain mental illness in stories that explore the motivations of mass shooters affect audience perception. Through a qualitative content analysis of local newspaper coverage of five U.S. mass shootings in 2015, journalists linked mental illness as a possible motive through sources who were not qualified to treat or diagnose mental illness. Journalists also ignored professional guidance from the Associated Press on mental illness reporting in the context of mass shootings. Additionally, journalists assumed the audience was knowledgeable of mental illness in general terms and specific diagnoses. These findings indicate coverage of mass shootings includes inaccurate information about shooters' motives, and it also continues to frame mental illness as dangerous.

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31

Kim, Yeon Kyeong. "Women in the newsroom : a comparataive analysis of male and female broadcast reporters and news sources in local and network stations /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426074.

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32

Olds, Allyson Leigh. "Integrating local and traditional knowledge and historical sources to characterize run timing and abundance of eulachon in the Chilkat and Chilkoot rivers." Thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10143731.

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Eulachon smelt Thaleichthys pacificus are anadromous forage fish of the North Pacific Ocean that annually spawn in coastal rivers of North America in late winter and early spring. These spawning runs range from northern California to southwestern Alaska and provide important resources to nearby communities, indigenous cultures, and wildlife predators. However, eulachon life history is not well understood or documented throughout their range. In recent years, concerns for eulachon population abundances in the southern portions of their range have led to federal protection. Though there are no federal listings in Alaska, there have been local concerns documented for eulachon runs of the Chilkat and Chilkoot rivers since approximately 1990. However, eulachon run timing and abundance trends are difficult to detect due to limited available data and variability in eulachon runs. To document baseline information and explore patterns of eulachon runs of the Chilkat and Chilkoot rivers, we sought local and traditional knowledge from residents of nearby communities to document information about local uses, run timing, abundance, and wildlife observations related to eulachon runs. Observations of eulachon runs were integrated with historical records from newspaper articles and scientific reports to construct temporal trends in eulachon run timing and abundance. Based on the findings of this study, annual eulachon runs of the Chilkat and Chilkoot rivers generally occur for about a week or two between mid-April and mid-May. The arrival dates of eulachon runs often vary from year to year, but the timing appears to have shifted earlier, from mid-May to mid-April, over the past couple of decades. Abundance records were not sufficient to quantify trends. However, qualitative information regarding abundance did not suggest any clear trends in eulachon abundances of the Chilkat and Chilkoot rivers over the years, nor did there appear to be prominent local concerns about abundance declines. Many respondents suggested that eulachon populations were naturally too variable to be able to describe trends in abundance. Interviews also provided insight into local perspectives on eulachon life history and ecology. These results suggest that variability in eulachon run timing and abundance could be related to environmental conditions, including tidal height, river habitat, and water temperature. For a data-limited species like eulachon, integrating local observations and historical records offers a promising approach to documenting baseline information and improving the scientific understanding of eulachon runs and other environmental phenomena.

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Kjellström, Sandra, and Philip Johnsson. "Journalisters val av källor : En kvalitativ studie av yrkesvardagen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-31468.

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In this study we have investigated how local journalists in Kalmar think when they choose their sources to interview. We have also studied several factors that can affect their choices of sources. We have interviewed eight news journalists from the two largest local news papers Barometern and Östran in Kalmar. The journalists were asked about the sources they often use as interview objects. They were supposed to tell about how they think when choosing sources and define which sources they commonly use. There are different factors that can affect the choices and we have narrowed them down to ethics, source critics, credibility, stress, hard production conditions, public and their own interest and if they consider themselves to be individualistic or controlled by the news desks. Furthermore the journalists were asked to characterize what changes they would make when choosing sources in a perfect world. All of the journalists had not reflected prominently on the subject of sources before our research. But most of them could perceive different views. Hence the study became essential for them as well as us. We found various perspectives very interesting. For instance the interviews showed that the journalists frequently use the same sources on account of the limitation of time and number of sources in Kalmar. There is a lack of using intimidating sources which opinions the journalists do not agree with. The personal network of sources is crucial to the reporter in finding important information and relevant interview objects. The reporters in our research are more individualistic than controlled by the news desks. However the news bosses may affect their choices of sources by telling them which sources are credible and worthy to fit in the news papers. Sometimes they even arrange interviews with sources. The journalists seek within themselves to find out what the readers may be interested in. But captivatingly they cannot know for sure what the public will appreciate to read.

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TUNINETTI, MARTA. "Water footprint assessment in space and time to support local and global sustainability." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2706873.

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Crop production vastly dominates global freshwater use, accounting for nearly 70% of the total withdrawal and around 90% of the total consumption. Human beings are currently using 30% of precipitation-recharged soil moisture and less than 10% (i.e., 3800 km3yr-1}) of the maximum available renewable freshwater resources in the word. Notwithstanding, water resource availability is highly variable in space and time, and different studies have shown a significant mismatch between water use and availability. Accordingly, two-third of global population live under conditions of sever water scarcity for at least one month per year. Moreover, as a consequence of larger food demand and changing living standards, toward more caloric and protein intense diets, global water use has increased by 6-8 times during the past century. At the same time, areas equipped for irrigation have doubled with actual irrigation having unavoidable consequences for aquifers and river ecosystems. Future scenarios of climate change are expected to worsen this picture. Indeed, the rising trends of water demand may continue in the future, harshening the conditions in areas reaching critical thresholds of acceptable water balance. In this context, the goals of this thesis are (i) to identify the main determinants of water use efficiency in agriculture; (ii) to introduce a link prediction algorithm applied to the international trade of agricultural goods; (iii) to introduce a novel indicator to monitor the (mis)match between water use and supply. This thesis quantifies the crop water footprint (CWF, or amount of water use per unit weight of crop) of nine major crops (i.e., wheat, rice, maize, soybean, barley, potatoes, sugar cane, sugar beet, and cotton) through a daily soil water balance run on a grid with a 5’x5’ spatial resolution. The model considers scenarios of rainfed and irrigated crops, also exploring multi-cropping patterns. Quantitative assessments of green and blue (separated into surface and ground) CWF are mapped and analysed in order to identify and monitor the major local drivers of water use, such as climatic conditions, precipitation rate during the growing season, cropping calendar, soil properties, crop yields and agricultural management practises. Results show that crop yield is the most important determinant of the total CWF. Moreover, results of a first-order sensitivity analysis show that, e.g., wheat CWF is mostly sensitive to the length of the growing period, rice CWF to the reference evapotranspiration depth, soybean and maize CWF to the planting date. The CWF model has been adopted also to validate a Fast Track approach, recently developed to study the CWF changes in time, which are generally kept aside in Water Footprint assessments. This approach ascribes the temporal CWF changes only to the yield variations, while it assumes the evapotranspiration depth as time-invariant. This thesis shows the good performance of this approach and also provides an uncertainty analysis. Accordingly, the Fast Track approach shows an error three times smaller than the uncertainty associated with the CWF model. Following the yields patterns, CWF has significantly decreased along the period 1961-2013, but with different rates depending on the crop and the location of the production sites. In the second part of the thesis, the crop water footprint is compared to the local water availability, to assess the sustainability of crop production. In order to understand the size of local (mis)match between crop water use and available water resources, we introduce a water debt repayment time indicator (WD). The WD quantifies the time the hydrological cycle takes to replenish the water resources used for annual crop production, distinguishing the different sustainability levels of soil-, surface-, and ground-water. This indicator highlights the locations and typology of threats imposed by agricultural production on water resources. On a global average, we found that wheat and rice production critically overuses ground water resources, especially in China and the US, and cotton production overuses both surface -and ground-water, particularly in the US. Locally, unsustainable annual crop production is found over the Sabarmati basin (due to wheat) in India, and in the Chao Phraya basin (due to rice and sugarcane) in Thailand, where the water debt repayment time exceeds 5 years in many cultivated areas. Including in the same framework analyses on water use efficiencies (through the CWF) and measure of water use (un)sustainability (through the WD) enables screening analyses at finding specific solutions in cases of low water use efficiencies and/or in critical situation of overuses. While local drivers monitor the water use for production, global drivers attempt to explore the globalization of water resources that happens through the international trade of agricultural goods. Why do countries become trade patterns, hence establishing a more or less stable relation, which implies externalization of water resources use? The third part of this thesis answers to this question through the elaboration of a threshold-based link prediction algorithm, aiming at finding the drivers behind link activation. Accordingly, a link is expected to exist depending on the predicted virtual water volume traded from the source node to the target node: the link is modelled as active when the volume is higher than 1000 m3y-1, non-active otherwise. This algorithm is able to capture 84% of the currently active links and 93% of non-active links. Country population, geographical distance between countries and fertilizers use are the major drivers to explain link existence. The link prediction model may be applied to build future scenarios of virtual water trade, in order to understand how local consumption and production patterns could affect the trade network. Finally, in order to understand how close water demand to water availability is, we introduce a water debt (WD) indicator. The WD quantifies the payback time the hydrological cycle takes to replenish the water resources used for annual crop production. Hence, it highlights the locations and typology of threats imposed by agricultural production on water resources. E.g., the annual production of the nine study crops arise a WD of 10 years with the ground water resources of the US High Plain aquifer, mostly as a consequence of maize and soybean production. This indicator intends to connect and integrate water resource management with other environmental issues, such as the carbon footprint. In short, the thesis contributes advancing our knowledge in the spatio-temporal explicit water footprint assessments, virtual water trade network, sustainable water use. The models developed in this thesis and the results shown in the following chapters allow (i) to explore pathways toward improved water use efficiencies and more sustainable water withdrawals, (ii) to model backward and forward trade network dynamics, and (iii) to project future water use scenarios.

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35

Fajardo, Marta. "Etude spectroscopique de l'ionisation d'un plasma d'aluminium par absorption d'une source X." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPXX0044.

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La spectroscopie de rayons X en absorption constitue un diagnostic privilégié d'un plasma produit par laser, lorsque celui-ci est non-émetteur. Nous avons utilisé des sources X, que nous avons caractérisées, pour l'étude par spectroscopie d'absorption de plasmas à l'équilibre thermodynamique local (ETL) et hors-ETL. Premièrement, un plasma à l'ETL a été crée en chauffant radiativement des cibles minces composées de couches aluminium/nickel, par le rayonnement X provenant de feuilles d'or et thermalisé par une cavité. L'aluminium a prouvé être un bon thermomètre selon le degré de mélange, et les températures déduites à partir de comparaisons avec des codes de physique atomique à l'ETL ont montré un bon accord avec des simulations hydrodynamiques. La dynamique d'ionisation d'un plasma d'aluminium en expansion, crée par un laser nanoseconde, a été étudiée ensuite. Une sonde X créée par laser femtoseconde sondait le plasma en absorption par projection ponctuelle, permettant d'obtenir une carte spatio-temporelle de la distribution ionique avec résolution temporelle de l'ordre de la picoseconde. Le plasma d'aluminium était hors-ETL et un modèle collisionnel-radiatif détaillé a été couplé à un code hydrodynamique radiatif réaliste pour l'interprétation de nos résultats expérimentaux.

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36

Darson, Alice. "Transition énergétique et transition juridique : le développement des énergies de sources renouvelables en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0095/document.

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La transition énergétique suppose de modifier notre mix énergétique en y intégrant des énergiesde sources renouvelables. Leur émergence implique une transition juridique de manière à adapter le droità l’urgence de les voir se développer. Le régime juridique des énergies vertes n’apparaît en effet pasefficient pour favoriser leur développement. Une réadaptation de leur cadre juridique se révèle en ce sensnécessaire, notamment du point de vue de leur gouvernance, de leur planification, de leurs mesures desoutien et des procédures administratives encadrant l’implantation des ouvrages les produisant. Cettetransition juridique devra par ailleurs concilier les impératifs de développement des énergies de sourcesrenouvelables avec ceux de protection du milieu environnant, dans le souci d’un développement raisonné The way to an energy transition will be reached with an integration of renewable energies inour energy mix. This development includes a legal transition because the current legal context that appliesto green energies is not efficient and does not contribute to this emergency. Changing the legal framebecomes a necessity and particularly the way these energies are governed, planned and supported. It’salso important that administrative procedures that regulate the implantation of energies productionsystem are set. At last, this legal transition will have to conciliate imperatives linked to the development ofrenewable energies with those governing the protection of surroundings, all aiming to a sustainabledevelopment

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37

Lattová, Jana. "Rola obnoviteľných zdrojov energie v regionálnom a municipálnom rozvoji so zameraním na bioplynové stanice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-125113.

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This diploma thesis deals with the problematic of utilization of renewable energy sources in regional context. Thesis is divided into two main parts, which are theoretical and empirical. Theoretical part provides general view on renewables, describes its position according to fossil fuels, analysis its potential, ways of development and support. Practical part of the work analysis two projects of biogas stations and also evaluates its impacts on local development. These impacts are compared in the final part of the work and on its basics particular conclusions are drew.

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38

Ngcobo, Lindiwe. "Perceptions of rural households about the role and effect of biogas production on rural household income in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4694.

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Rural development efforts to reduce poverty and enhance food security and generally improve livelihoods in developing countries continue to be constrained by high energy cost. For that reason, renewable energy has been identified as a possible panacea to fill this gap. Renewable energy is cheaper, more accessible and environmentally sustainable and promotes inclusivity. Biogas is a renewable energy that is readily available and easy to use by poor rural households. The use of biogas digesters among households in rural areas of developing countries is a well-known technology. The potential for biogas in these areas has been demonstrated and a strong economic case has been made. However, its adoption and use have been lower than expectations possibly as result of non-economic considerations, including social issues about which rural people hold different perceptions. Perceptions of rural households are important because they influence the behaviour to a large extent. Since limited access to affordable energy in rural areas has encouraged government and private organisations to initiate biogas projects to overcome the challenge, it is important to ascertain the factors that affect attitudes towards the technology. The present study sought to explore perceptions of rural households about biogas production towards rural household income in the Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality. Specifically, this research investigated the state of biogas project being implemented by the University of Fort Hare’s Institute of Technology (FHIT), the perceptions of respondents towards biogas production and determine the contribution of biogas consumption to rural income. The study also aimed to identify the factors affecting the adoption of biogas production in the study area. The study was carried out in Melani village in Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and employed survey data obtained from 48 households who were enumerated to identify their perceptions on biogas production, with special emphasis on the role and effect contributed to rural income of Melani village. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling technique was used in data collection. Data were collected and captured in Excel and then analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Version 24 Descriptive statistics was used to examine socio-economic characteristics of households and state of biogas production in the area, Bivariate correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships among the key elements of perceptions of household towards biogas adoption, binary logistic model was used to estimate factors influencing adoption of biogas technology by households. The results show that women were dominant for both adopters and non-adopters of biogas. The majority of households were young with mean age of 40 years while for non-adopters were 65 years old on average. The results showed high levels of literacy amongst household adopters. Majority of the households for both adopters and non-adopters of biogas technology were married and unemployed and household size ranged from one to five persons, with social grants being dominant source of income. The bivariate correlation analysis suggests a positive effect of green pepper production and livestock ownership on biogas technology adoption. Age and level of education were negatively correlated with adoption of biogas. The cross tabulation analysis suggests that water scarcity, lack of knowledge about biogas technology, cattle ownership, lack of maintenance and repairing, flooded biogas digesters during rainy season are negatively associated with the uptake of biogas technology. The empirical results from binary logistic model suggest that land size was the key determinant of adoption behaviour towards biogas technology while age of the household head, source of income and level of education may have a negative influence on adoption of biogas technology. Based on the findings highlighted above, the study recommends strategies to encourage households to adopt biogas technology.

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39

Li, Peng. "Formalisme pour la supervision des systèmes hybrides multi-sources de générateurs d’énergie répartie : application à la gestion d’un micro réseau." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECLI0006/document.

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Un micro-réseau est un exemple prometteur d’évolution d’architecture de réseau qui consiste à regrouper les différents producteurs et consommateurs autour d'un réseau moyenne tension. Ce système hybride multi-source est donc composé d'au moins une unité de production décentralisée conventionnelle et éventuellement d'une unité de stockage et d’une unité de production basée sur des énergies renouvelables. L’utilisation de cette structure permet de réaliser une minimisation immédiate des pertes liées au transport de l’énergie, une fiabilité accrue de la fourniture et une possibilité de fournir une énergie d’une haute qualité. Dans ce mémoire, nous étudions un micro réseau reposant sur l’utilisation d’une turbine à gaz, d’une centrale photovoltaïque et d’une unité de stockage à base de supercondensateurs. Toutes ces sources sont couplées au micro réseau par des convertisseurs électroniques de puissance et sont interconnectées au gestionnaire central du micro-réseau. Des supervisions locales et une supervision centrale sont utilisées pour ce micro-réseau étudié afin de réaliser une optimisation de son fonctionnement. Par conséquence, la première partie de ce mémoire est consacrée à la formalisation d’une méthode permettant la conception systématique des supervisions locales et des dispositifs de commande des unités de production et de stockage. La seconde partie de cette thèse est consacrée à la gestion proprement dite de l’ensemble de ces moyens de production et de stockage en vue d’optimiser les services fournis aux micro-réseaux. Des résultats de la simulation et de l’expérimentation valident notre conception de la supervision du micro-réseau A microgrid is a promising future network architecture which is coupling the various generators and consumers in a distribution network. This hybrid multi-source system is composed of at least one conventional generation unit and possibly a storage unit and/or a production unit based on renewable energies. Using this structure allows an immediate minimization of the losses by the energy transport, a greater reliability of power delivery and an ability to provide a high power quality energy. In this paper, we study a microgrid based on the use of a micro gas turbine, a photovoltaic array and supercapacitors. All these sources are coupled to the microgrid by power electronic converters and are interconnected to a microgrid central controller. Some local controllers and the microgrid central controller are used for the studied microgrid to achieve its operation optimization. Therefore, the first part of this thesis is devoted to establish a formalism method for a systematic design of local controllers. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the management of all these production and storage units, in order to optimize the microgrid operating. Simulation and testing results validate our design of the microgrid controllers

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40

Jensen, Scott L. "Evaluating Basin Wildrye Seed Sources across Provisional Seed Zones, Native Forb Sowing Depth on Species Performance and Improving the Accuracy of Collection Site and Seed Lot Identification for Big Sagebrush." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9063.

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Identifying genetically appropriate plant materials for seed based restoration relies on the principle of local adaptation where the objective is to match adaptive genetic characteristics to variation in ecological clines pertinent to plant establishment and persistence. In this study, basin wildrye (Leymus cinereus (Scribn. & Merr.) Ã. LÃ¶ve) sources from 25 wild populations and 4 commercial varieties were planted at 4 test sites. We assessed initial establishment and short term persistance. Plantings failed at 2 sites in both 2013 and 2014, with too few plants to quantify differences. At the remaining 2 sites, local sources had higher initial establishment in just 1 of 10 comparisons. Among commercial sources, the cultivars Magnar and Trailhead initially outperformed local pooled materials at Fountain Green but not at Nephi. Initial establishment under row cover was dramatically better than uncovered controls at both sites, but only persisted for 4 years after planting at the Fountain Green site. The native forb study evaluated the effects of species, sowing depth and row cover on field emergence of 20 forbs. Overall, emergence was very low ranging between 0.2% and 1.0% for 16 of the 20 species. Four species exceeded 1% emergence. Depth effects were species, site and year dependent. The odds of emergence decreased with increasing depth for four species, increased for three species and were mixed between sites and years for the remaining species. The odds of emergence were better under row cover than for uncovered control plots. Depths evaluated were deeper than recommended for most species and likely hindered emergence for some species. Site and year had much more effect on observed emergence than depth or treatment. Developing simple diagnostics to identify subspecies is key in the restoration of sagebrush ecosystems. We evaluated the SoilWeb app as a tool to identify sagebrush in the field. We evaluated the accuracy of the Richardson et.al. (2015) technique to classify sagebrush stands and evaluated data modeling strategies to improve classification accuracy. We found the SoilWeb app to be an accurate and informative tool to identify native-wild sagebrush populations. The Richardson et.al. (2015) seed weight criteria correctly classified just 19% of our sample populations to the correct subspecies. To improve upon this, we evaluated multifactor modeling using recursive partitioning and classification trees. Our most accurate classification tree correctly classified 80% of 2x tridentata sites but just 45% of wyomingensis sites.

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41

Ohlsson, Matilda, and Johanna Spogardh. "Nyheternas födelse : En kvantitativ undersökning av källor till lokala nyheter i lokaltidningar." Thesis, University of Kalmar, University of Kalmar, University of Kalmar, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-1223.

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The purpose of this thesis was to study the origin of the local news in local newspapers. Do the news originate mostly from the police, the municipality, from press releases or from the reporters own ideas? We also wanted to find out what kind of content predominated in texts with its origin in press releases respectively the reporters own ideas. Of course we also wanted to find out if there were any similarities or differences between the two studied newspapers.We used a type of constructed week, but with non random selection instead of random. We chose one of each weekday the newspapers were published and studied the news covered in the papers that specific day. We talked over the phone with the news editors and the reporters and simply asked them about the origin of each news text separately.The results showed that every fourth text originates from the police, and that police news often ends up as news items rather than articles. We also came to the conclusion that local newspapers use fewer press releases than earlier research has shown. Only one sixth of the news studied originates from press releases, which is less than we thought it would be. News with its origin in advertisements was less often found.News with its origin in the reporters own ideas deal with various subjects. A text that is written on the basis of a press release on the other hand is often about some kind of event and has almost always a very positive tone. We could not notice any remarkable difference between the two studied newspapers.

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42

Aref, M. M. A. "Modeling of renewable energy sources for calculation short current currents of local distribution systems of Egypt : dissertation for the degree of candidate of electrical engineering sciences : 05.14.02." Thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/82564.

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43

Атаманський, А. В. "Дослідження пошкоджуваності обладнання локальних електричних систем". Thesis, ВНТУ, 2016. http://conferences.vntu.edu.ua/index.php/all-feeem/all-feeem-2016/paper/view/351.

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Кардинальна зміна економічних відносин, формування енергоринку, поява змішаної приватно-державної форми власності потребують докорінного реформування енергетичного сектору України.Більше 50% експлуатованого в галузі обладнання вимагає заміни, оскільки фізично і морально застаріло. В енергетиці України розвиваються нові технології, впроваджуються інформаційні і діагностичні системи, сучасні засоби вимірювань і управління, які дозволяють визначити поточний стан обладнання та здійснювати керування режимів з урахуванням стану обладнання. Radically change economic relations, the formation of the energy market, the emergence of mixed private and stateowned require radical reform of the energy sector of Ukraine.

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44

Bernáth, František. "Rozptýlená výroba a jej vplyv na kvalitu dodávok elektrickej energie." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233625.

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This work deals with the deployment of distributed power sources into the electric power grid. The nature of these sources causes that the massive integration may experience problems with power quality in the local context, and also overall reliability of supply in the range of interconnected power systems may be endangered. Work is focused on local voltage quality problems with special emphasis on analysis and design of tools (e.g. reactive power compensation units of power plants or dynamic voltage control by transformers 110/22kV) for voltage control in power distribution systems. These tools should be used as a part of uniform concept of voltage control. The proposed concept is involved.

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45

Šetikas, Ignas. "Savivaldybės institucijų, verslo ir vietos bendruomenių partnerystė skatinant atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių naudojimą: Šilutės rajono atvejis." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130619_164527-11385.

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Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjamos atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių panaudojimo galimybės Šilutės rajone, įtraukiant savivaldybę, verslo struktūras bei vietos bendruomenes. Atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių naudojimas yra vienas iš prioritetų įgyvendinant darnios plėtros idėjas. Lietuva yra įsipareigojusi Europos Sąjungai didinti atsinaujinančios energijos panaudojimo procentą galutiniame energijos suvartojime ir mažinti iškastinio kuro naudojimą bei šiltnamio efektą sukeliančių dujų išmetimą į atmosferą. Darbe išnagrinėtos įvairios Europos Sąjungos direktyvos, Lietuvos atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių panaudojimo strategijos, Šilutės rajono strateginiai plėtros planai. Analizuojant dokumentus buvo atskleisti atsinaujinančios energijos plėtros tikslai Lietuvoje ir Šilutės rajone bei galimybės juos pasiekti. Šilutės rajone perspektyviausios atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių rūšys – vėjo energetika ir biokuro deginimas. Rajone jau veikia trys vėjo jėgainių parkai, tačiau dėl konfliktų tarp jų veikimo zonoje gyvenančių gyventojų ir verslininkų, reikalinga savivaldybės atstovų pagalba ginti abiejų grupių interesus ir slopinti nesutarimus. Vėjo energetikos plėtrai reikalinga teisinė bazė nustatanti tikslius atstumus tarp vėjo jėgainių ir gyvenamųjų namų. Bachelor‘s Thesis exemines the usage possibilities of renewable energy sources in Šilutė district, involving the municipality, business structures and local communities. The usage of renewable energy sources is one of the priorities in implementing the sustainable development ideas. Lithuania is committed to the European Union to increase the percentage of renewable energy use in final energy consumption and reduce the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Thesis examined the various European Union directives, Lithuanian strategies of renewable energy sources usage and strategic development plans of Šilutė district. By analysing the documents renewable energy development targets in Lithuania and in Šilutė district were revealed with the possibilities to achieve them. The most promising types of renewable energy in Šilutė district are wind power and burning of biofuel. The district already operates three wind farms, but due to conflicts between the residents living in wind turbine operation area and entrepreneurs, there is a need of support from representatives of municipality to defend the interests of both groups and suppress their disagreements. Wind energy development requires a legal framework which determines the exact distances between wind turbines and residential homes.

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CARRIERO, LEONARDO. "Napoli tra X e XII secolo : note di storia economica e sociale." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/86027.

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García, Moral Eric. "Dinámicas del poder local en un contexto colonial: El caso de los jefes de la Baja Casamance durante la colonización francesa (1851-1948)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673456.

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El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es analizar la jefatura colonial en la Baja Casamance (Senegal) entre 1851 y 1948. Más concretamente, se estudia la creación y la evolución de los jefes de pueblo y de cantón en las sociedades diola y baïnouck. Dichas sociedades eran descentralizadas y, por lo tanto, estos jefes no existían antes de la llegada de los franceses. A través de fuentes de archivo y fuentes orales, hemos reconstruido la vida de estos individuos para identificar dinámicas, patrones y particularidades de la región. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la importancia de las dinámicas del poder local en la creación y pervivencia de estos jefes, así como en la visión que tanto la administración como las poblaciones locales tenían sobre la institución de la jefatura, que varió tanto en el tiempo como en función de la zona dentro de la misma Baja Casamance. The aim of this Doctoral Thesis is to analyse the colonial chieftaincy in the Lower Casamance (Senegal) between 1851 and 1948. Specifically, it studies the creation and evolution of the village and canton chiefs in the Diola and Baïnouck societies. As they were decentralized societies, those chiefs did not exist before the arrival of the French. Through archival and oral sources, we have reconstructed the lives of those individuals to identify dynamics, patterns, and particularities of the region. The results obtained demonstrate the centrality of local power dynamics in the creation and persistence of those chiefs, as well as in the views that both the administration and the local populations had on the institution of chieftaincy, which varied in time and place within the Lower Casamance.

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Miltos, Thomas. "Collégialité catholique et synodalité orthodoxe : recherches sur l’ecclésiologie du Concile Vatican II, ses sources, sa réception et son rôle dans le dialogue entre les Églises." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040098.

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La synodalité paraît être aujourd’hui un thème très actuel, tant pour le dialogue théologique bilatéral entre les Églises catholique et orthodoxe, qu’à l’intérieur de chaque Église. Le pontificat du pape François a mis l’accent sur la synodalité et l’Église orthodoxe vient de réaliser son Grand et Saint Concile (Crète, juin 2016). Le Concile Vatican II en 1964 a promulgué la doctrine de la collégialité épiscopale (les évêques constituent un collège qui succède au collège des Douze Apôtres), doctrine qui devait rapprocher les ecclésiologies catholique et orthodoxe. Cependant, les théologiens orthodoxes ne se sont pas retrouvés dans cette doctrine. Cinquante ans après sa promulgation, on remarque par ailleurs que la mise en œuvre de la collégialité épiscopale dans l’Église catholique est plutôt limitée. Cette étude a tenté de confronter les notions de collégialité épiscopale et de synodalité épiscopale, en vue d’une compréhension commune, entre catholiques et orthodoxes, de la place des évêques au sein de l’Église entière. Partant du constat que la synodalité épiscopale, comme l’entendent les orthodoxes, ne coïncide pas avec la doctrine de la collégialité épiscopale comme elle a été formulée au concile Vatican II, le présent travail s’est penché sur les fondements de cette dernière, afin de rechercher comment la tradition commune originelle des deux Églises conçoit la synodalité épiscopale. Le retour aux sources communes, à savoir bibliques, patristiques et dogmatiques, est proposé comme la base d’une entente sur les questions du ministère épiscopal et de la synodalité des évêques. Une telle entente s’avère indispensable afin d’aborder d’autres questions controversées, notamment celle de la primauté romaine Synodality seems to be a very current topic, both for the bilateral theological dialogue between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches, and for each individual Church. The pontificate of Pope Francis has emphasized synodality and the Orthodox Church has just convened its Great and Holy Council (Crete, June 2016). The Second Vatican Council in 1964 promulgated the doctrine of episcopal collegiality (the bishops are organized in a college which succeeds the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles), a doctrine which was to bring closer Catholic and Orthodox ecclesiologies. However, the Orthodox theologians did not appreciate the value of this doctrine. Fifty years after its promulgation, it is also noted that the implementation of episcopal collegiality in the Catholic Church is rather restricted. This research attempts to compare the notions of episcopal collegiality and episcopal synodality, exploring a common understanding between Catholics and Orthodox of the place of the bishops within the whole Church. For Orthodox theologians, episcopal synodality does not coincide with the doctrine of episcopal collegiality, as it was formulated during the Second Vatican Council. This research focused on the common tradition of the two Churches regarding episcopal synodality. The study of common sources, namely biblical, patristic and dogmatic, is proposed as the basis for an agreement on the issue of episcopal ministry and the synodality of bishops. Such an agreement is essential to address other issues, especially that of the Roman primacy

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Polcarová, Linda. "Analýza financování neziskových organizací." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-7499.

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The creation of local inter-sector partnerships (the so called Local Action Groups) of the Czech Republic which are based on the LEADER principle was instigated by the activity of other member states of the EU. Since 2004 European and mainly Czech grant policy has been supporting the possible formation of partnerships among the non-profit, private and public sphere in the Czech Republic and its formalization into organizations with relevant legal personality. After several challenges of the "LEADER ČR" and "LEADER +" programmes in the years 2004 -- 2006, there are about 150 Czech functional LAGs (which are called 'MAS' in Czech) which can participate in the LEADER 2007 -- 2013 programme, i.e. in the last planned European grant programme for LAGs in the Czech Republic. If they do not succeed with their requests in the two planned LEADER challenges, future existence of these unsuccessful organizations will be questionable. The aim of my diploma thesis is to explain the developing situation of LAGs in the Czech Republic, to state the possibilities of operating and drawing the sources for financing the LAGs outside the Programme for Rural Development -- Axis IV. LEADER, and financing from other grant programmes which are available for LAGs. The thesis points out that the management of some LAGs is able to create their own financial and non-financial sources in the organization. In diploma thesis also try to find another financial sources for this well established and good functioning organizations with considering their constitution.

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Du, Toit Hendrik Jacobus. "A value chain analysis of the solar water heater industry in the Western Cape : investigating opportunities for local economic development, poverty alleviation and energy conservation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17475.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2010. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Low-income households in the Western Cape primarily use small electrical kettles to heat water for bathing and cleaning. This energy usage pattern is problematic in that; • It is based on unsustainable energy sources that cause environmental degradation, • Electricity is becoming more expensive in South Africa which strains the limited income of poorer households and • The national utility, Eskom, is struggling to meet the demand for electricity. If energy-intensive development paths are followed these problems will escalate further. Solar water heating offers a synergic (Max-Neef 1991), if partial, solution for the situation. By decoupling hot water usage from increased electricity usage, solar water heaters (SWHs) can reduce electricity demand and thus environmental degradation. The large quantities of hot water (relative to electrical kettles) that they provide also fulfil a developmental service by improving quality of life and personal health. The manufacturing and installation of solar water heaters could serve as a further catalyst for development by providing opportunities for economic development. Unfortunately the high capital cost of SWHs remains a barrier to the rollout of the technology in lower income groups. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the elimination of this barrier through providing insight into; the hot water requirements of low-income households, the potential electricity and carbon emission savings that solar water heaters present, and the cost drivers and job creation potential of the solar water heating value chain. The research hypothesis is that: Solar water heaters (SWHs) are a potential synergic satisfier to achieve sustainable development in low income communities by providing an improved energy service, reducing environmental degradation and creating employment opportunities. The high price of the technology makes intervention in the form of subsidies and/or regulation from the appropriate level(s) of government critical for the realisation of this potential. The methodology used to test the hypothesis is quantitative and qualitative in nature with data obtained through a survey of 90 low-income households in Stellenbosch, a behavioural study of two households wherein solar water heaters were installed and a value chain analysis of the SWH industry in the Western Cape. The key findings of the research include that, SWHs offer a real improvement in quality of life for low-income households and that they reduce electricity consumption relative to a level of development. The key barrier to cost reductions in the solar water heating industry is found to be the small size of the industry which leads to an inability to source material, especially copper, at competitive prices. It is proposed that government sponsored rollout programs could alleviate this barrier, leading to the development of a robust industry. Job creation potential is found to be relatively small but a suggested rollout programme for SWHs in the Western Cape shows that the benefits of the technology can be realised and several thousand jobs created in a fiscally prudent manner. The thesis is focuses on households from LSM categories 5-8 in the Western Cape Province. Stellenbosch Municipality is used as a specific case study area. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Lae-inkomste huishoudings in die Wes-Kaap gebruik klein elektriese ketels as hul primêre water verhittingstoestel vir bad en skoonmaak aktiwiteite. Hierdie energie verbruik patroon is problematies in dat; • Dit gebaseer is op onvolhoubare energie bronne wat skadelik is vir die omgewing, • Elektrisiteit duurder word in suid afrika, en sodoende druk plaas op die beperkete inkomste van armer huishoudings en • Die nasionale elektrisiteitsdiensverskaffer, eskom, sukkel om te voldoen aan die vraag vir elektrisiteit. As energie-intensiewe ontwikkelings paaie gevolg word sal hierdie probleme verder vererger. Son water verhitting bied 'n sinergiese (Max-Neef 1991), dog gedeeltelike, oplossing vir die situasie. Deur warm water verbruik te ontkoppel van toenemende elektrisiteitsverbruik kan son water verwarmers (SWVs) die vraag na elektrisiteit en dus omgewingskade verminder. Die groot hoeveelhede warm water (relatief tot 'n elektriese ketel) wat die toestelle voorsien vervul ook 'n ontwikkelingsdiens deur verbeterde lewenskwaliteit en persoonlike gesondheid mee te bring. Die vervaardiging en installeering van SWVs kan dien as 'n verdere katalisator vir ontwikkeling deur geleenthede vir ekonomiese ontwikkeling te skep. Ongelukkig bly die hoë kapitaal koste van SWVs 'n struikelblok tot die verspreiding van die tegnologie in lae inkomste groepe. Die doelwit van hierdie tesis is om by te dra tot die verwydering van hierdie struikelblok deur insig te gee oor; die warm water benodigheid in lae-inkomste huishoudings, die potensiële elektrisiteit-en koolstofbesparings wat SWVs inhou, en die koste drywers en werkskepping potensiaal van die sonwaterverwarmer waarde ketting. Die navorsingshipotese is dat: Son water verwarmers 'n potensiële sinergiese bevrediger is vir die bereik van volhoubare ontwikkeling in lae-inkomse gemeenskappe deurdat dit 'n verbeterde energie diens voorsien, omgewingskade verminder en werksgeleenthede skep. Die hoë prys van die tegnologie verorsaak dat ingryping deur die toepaslike vlak(ke) van regering, deur middel van subsidies en/of regulasie, benodig word om die potensiaal daarvan te verwesenlik. Die metodologie wat gebruik word om die hipotese te toets is kwantitatief en kwalitatief van aard met data wat verkry word deur 'n opname onder 90 lae-inkomste huishoudings in Stellenbosch, 'n gedragstudie van twee huishoudings waarin SWVs geinstalleer is en 'n waardekettinganalise van die SWV industrie in die Wes-Kaap. Die sleutel gevolgtrekkings van die navorsing sluit in dat, sonwaterverwarmers 'n werklike verbetering in die kwaliteit van lewe van lae-inkomste huishoudings meebring en dat hulle elektrisiteitsverbruik relatief tot 'n vlak van ontwikkeling verminder. Die hoof struikelblok tot koste verminderings in die SWV industrie word gevind in die klein grootte van die industrie wat lei tot die onvermoë om materiaal, veral koper, teen kompeterende pryse aan te koop. Dit word voorgestel dat regeringsondersteunde verspreidingsprogramme hierdie struikelblok kan verwyder en dat dit sal lei tot die ontwikkeling van 'n gesonde industrie. Werkskeppingspotensiaal word gevind om relatief klein te wees, maar 'n voorgestelde verspreidings program vir SWVs in die Wes-Kaap wys dat die voordele van SWVs gerealiseer kan word en etlike duisend werksgeleenthede geskep kan word op 'n finansieel verantwoordelike wyse. Die tesis fokus op huishoudings in die LSM kategorieë 5-8 in die Wes-Kaap provinsie. Stellenbosch munisipaliteit word gebruik as n spesifieke gevallestudie area. Sponsored by the Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies

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