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1

Anderson, Chris. The Long Tail. New York: Hyperion, 2006.

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2

Anderson, Chris. The long tail. New York: Hyperion, 2008.

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3

Jiangtao, Qiao, ed. Chang wei li lun: The long tail. Beijing Shi: Zhong xin chu ban she, 2006.

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4

Anderson, Chris. The long tail: The revolution changing small markets into big business. New York: Hyperion, 2006.

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5

Anderson, Chris. The long tail: Why the future of business is selling less of more. New York: Hyperion, 2006.

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6

Anderson, Chris. The long tail: Why the future of business is selling less of more. New York: Hyperion, 2008.

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7

Anderson, Chris. The long tail: Why the future of business is selling less of more. New York: Hyperion, 2006.

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8

Anderson, Chris. The long tail: Why the future of business is selling less of more. New York: Hyperion, 2006.

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9

The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business is Selling Less of More. New York: Hyperion, 2006.

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10

Tiger by the tail: A life in business from Tesco to test cricket. London: Macmillan, 1999.

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11

Seeing the elephant: Understanding globalization from trunk to tail. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2009.

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12

Titova, Elena. The ideology of old believers ' entrepreneurship in the XVIII — early XX centuries. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21033.

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The old believer entrepreneurship as a holistic socio-economic phenomenon in the history of Russia as a direction of social and economic thought still never found another proper scientific reflection, despite his advanced age of almost 350 years. Such a long period of existence makes to refer back to the question and think about the reasons for the emergence of old belief as a socio-economic phenomenon, its development, role in the spiritual and economic life of the country, that forces him to live and to survive. Undoubtedly, a special vitality to the old believers, the value of his spiritual and economic heritage by the fact that it was able to impose its own model of management, based on the Russian corporate spirit, ideals of the community, "households" moral and ethical standards of doing business. The publication can be useful for students and professionals.
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13

Rippa, Alessandro. Borderland Infrastructures. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725606.

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Across the Chinese borderlands, investments in large-scale transnational infrastructure such as roads and special economic zones have increased exponentially over the past two decades. Based on long-term ethnographic research, Borderland Infrastructures addresses a major contradiction at the heart of this fast-paced development: small-scale traders have lost their historic strategic advantages under the growth of massive Chinese state investment and are now struggling to keep their businesses afloat. Concurrently, local ethnic minorities have become the target of radical resettlement projects, securitization, and tourism initiatives, and have in many cases grown increasingly dependent on state subsidies. At the juncture of anthropological explorations of the state, border studies, and research on transnational trade and infrastructure development, Borderland Infrastructures provides new analytical tools to understand how state power is experienced, mediated, and enacted in Xinjiang and Yunnan. In the process, Rippa offers a rich and nuanced ethnography of life across China’s peripheries.
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14

Hearing on H.R. 6, the Higher Education Amendments of 1998 Title III and urban and community service programs: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Postsecondary Education, Training, and Life-long Learning of the Committee on Education and the Workforce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, hearing held in Washington, DC, June 26, 1997. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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15

United, States Congress House Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities Subcommittee on Postsecondary Education Training and Life-long Learning. Joint hearing on privatizing government sponsored entities (GSEs): Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Postsecondary Education, Training, and Life-long Learning of the Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities and the Subcommittee on National Economic Growth, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, hearing held in Washington, DC, May 3, 1995. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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16

Office, General Accounting. Telecommunications: Update on state-level cramming complaints and enforcement actions : report to the Chairman, Committee on Small Business, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.

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17

Office, General Accounting. Telecommunications: Development of competition in local telephone markets : report to the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 2000.

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18

Office, General Accounting. Telecommunications: The changing status of competition to cable television : report to the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.

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19

Office, General Accounting. Telecommunications: Issues in providing cable and satellite television services : report to the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition, and Business and Consumer Rights, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate. Washington D.C: United States General Accounting Office, 2002.

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20

Office, General Accounting. Telecommunications: Technological and regulatory factors affecting consumer choice of internet providers : report to the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights and Competition, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2000.

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21

Brown, Andrew, Christopher T. Flinton, Josh Gibson, Brian Grant, Barrie Greiff, Duane Hagen, Stephen Heidel et al. Business Is Still Personal. Editado por Andrew Brown, Christopher T. Flinton, Josh Gibson, Brian Grant, Barrie Greiff, Duane Hagen, Stephen Heidel et al. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190697068.003.0012.

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The evidence and the tools presented in this book show the advantages of putting personal relationships at the forefront of business practice. The principles of relationship productivity discussed here should be on the minds of all those seeking to improve significantly the bottom line. Too often the human aspects of business are trivialized, but this sacrifices long-term business growth and success for short term-achievement of business goals. Attention to relationships and awareness of the unique nature of each person’s psychological contract fosters empathy. This permits the kind of deep human connection that builds teamwork and loyalty, enhances performance, and facilitates problem solving.
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22

Long Tail, The: WHY THE FUTURE OF BUSINESS IS SELLING LESS OF MORE. Hyperion, 2008.

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23

Anderson, Chris. The Long Tail: WHY THE FUTURE OF BUSINESS IS SELLING LESS OF MORE. Hyperion, 2006.

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24

Ward, John L. Assuring Your Family Business a Long Life. Jossey-Bass Inc Pub, 1990.

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25

1931-, Vasko Tibor, Ayres Robert U, Fontvieille Louis, Université de Montpellier I. Centre régional de la productivité et des études économiques. y International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis., eds. Life cycles and long waves. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1990.

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26

Schiff, David. A Brief Life of a Very Long Life. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190259150.003.0003.

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This chapter outlines the known facts about Carter’s life and tracks the reception history of his music. Carter grew up in a comfortable upper middle class New York household and was groomed to take over the successful importing business founded by his grandfather. His family gave him piano lessons but otherwise discouraged his pursuit of music which only began in earnest when he was in high school and first met Charles Ives. Even after that meeting, Carter studied literature, not music, as a Harvard undergraduate, and only received a full musical education when he went to Paris to study with Nadia Boulanger. This delayed development cast Carter into relative obscurity until the age of forty and critical recognition only came a decade later when he was awarded the first of two Pulitzer Prizes. With the arrival of post-modernism, there was a critical reaction against Carter’s music in the USA, tempered, toward the very end of his life, with some appreciation of the clarity of his very late works.
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27

Biology Is Technology The Promise Peril And New Business Of Engineering Life. Harvard University Press, 2011.

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28

Grösser, Stefan N., Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona y Göran Granholm. Dynamics of Long-Life Assets: From Technology Adaptation to Upgrading the Business Model. Springer, 2018.

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29

Grösser, Stefan N., Arcadio Reyes-Lecuona y Göran Granholm. Dynamics of Long-Life Assets: From Technology Adaptation to Upgrading the Business Model. Springer, 2017.

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30

Posecznick, Alex. Selling Hope and College. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501707582.001.0001.

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It has long been assumed that college admission should be a simple matter of sorting students according to merit, with the best heading off to the Ivy League and highly ranked liberal arts colleges and the rest falling naturally into their rightful places. Admission to selective institutions, where extremely fine distinctions are made, is characterized by heated public debates about whether standardized exams, high school transcripts, essays, recommendation letters, or interviews best indicate which prospective students are worthy. And then there is college for everyone else. But what goes into less-selective college admissions? Ravenwood College was a small, private, nonprofit institution dedicated to social justice and serving traditionally underprepared students from underrepresented minority groups. To survive in the higher education marketplace, the college had to operate like a business and negotiate complex categories of merit while painting a hopeful picture of the future for its applicants. This book is a snapshot of a particular type of institution as it goes about the business of producing itself and justifying its place in the market. This book documents what it takes to keep such an institution open and running, and the struggles, tensions, and battles that members of the community tangle with daily as they carefully walk the line between empowering marginalized students and exploiting them.
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31

Reades, Jonathan y Martin Crookston. Why Face-to-Face Still Matters. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529215991.001.0001.

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Face-to-Face: The Persistent Power of Cities In a Post-Pandemic Era, is about the way that people and firms are adapting to the world of always-on and everywhere digital access, and what that means for cities and regions. Twenty years after The Death of Distance—and in the midst of a pandemic that has led some to question the future of cities—many people still think that we are on track for ‘business anywhere’. The book shows why that's not the case, and provides a structure for thinking about the next twenty years of social and economic upheaval. It shows how the changing fortunes of cities are tied to the ongoing importance of face-to-face contact to our most valuable industries, and thus why the ‘human touch’ will continue to be crucial in the cities of tomorrow. Drawing on interviews with artists and advertisers, bankers and bakers, software devs and property developers, across some forty interviews we home in on what people actually do and why. ‘Contact’, in all its forms, is shown to still matter hugely to companies and individuals, even in a world with high-quality video conferencing and free online calling. And when the pandemic hit, a further digital survey explored interviewees’ experiences of an ‘e-only’ world, gaining ‘front-line’ insights into the short- and long-terms. The book seeks to provide guidance for city leaders, businesses, policymakers and students of urban and regional planning on how to think about 21st Century urban change.
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32

Stock, Catherine McNicol. Rural Radicals. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501714030.001.0001.

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This book originally appeared in the wake of the bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995. Written for a general audience, it asks where these “angry, white, rural men” came from and how their movements and grievances both stayed the same and changed over time. Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols acted in a long line of rural protesters on the left and the right—including the nineteenth century Populists--- who crusaded against big government, big business, and big banks. At the same time, and with little sense of contradiction, rural people also used violence to suppress the political voices of African Americans, Mormons, Chinese and many other marginalized people. In the new preface, Catherine McNicol Stock provides an update and overview of the increasingly conservative face of rural America. While populism in many historical eras meant hope and progress, for many today it means hate and a desire to turn back the clock on American history.
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33

Bunten, Alexis C. So, How Long Have You Been Native?: Life As an Alaska Native Tour Guide. University of Nebraska Press, 2015.

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34

Feys, Torsten. The Battle for the Migrants. Liverpool University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781927869000.001.0001.

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This book approaches the well-documented study of European mass migration to the United States of America from the viewpoint of mass migration as a business venture. The overall purpose is to demonstrate that maritime and migration histories are interlinked and dependent on a deeper understanding of the social, economic, and political factors at work in the nineteenth century Atlantic community. It centres on both the evolution of the port of Rotterdam as a migration gateway, and the crucial role of the Holland-America line as a regulator of the North American passenger trade. The first part of the book explores the simultaneous rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870. The second part, divided into five chapters, explores how mass migration became a big business between 1870 and 1914, and scrutinises how steamship companies organised and provided initiatives for transoceanic migration, plus the role of shipping agents and agent-networks, and how passenger services were constructed within transatlantic networks. Over the course of the text it becomes increasingly clear that by approaching mass migration as a trade issue, the role of steamship companies in the facilitation of transatlantic migration is rendered both intrinsic and pivotal. It consists of an introduction containing contextual information, two sections providing historical overviews, five chapters exploring different aspects of the shipping industry’s response to mass migration, conclusion, bibliography, and six appendices of passenger, destination, agent, and advertising statistics.
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35

How to Make $50 Per Hour Screwing In Light Bulbs : Creating Life-Long Financial Security In the Personal Service Businesses. Kroland Development, 2001.

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36

Clark, David. The Saunders of Hadley Hurst (1918 – 1938). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190637934.003.0002.

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This opening chapter sets out the family origins, the culture, and life into which Cicely Saunders was born, and her childhood and teenage years during the inter-war period. How did this privileged upbringing, based on her father’s growing business success, lead to her subsequent caring role and long-term religious commitment? The character and personality of her parents are examined, as are the nature of their marriage, Cicely’s relationships with her two younger brothers, the domestic arrangements – and tensions — of an increasingly prosperous household, and Cicely’s conflicted ideas about faith, service, and vocation. Her schooling is explored, particularly Cicely’s time at Roedean, along with the circumstances which eventually enabled her to gain entry to Oxford for undergraduate study.
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37

Phillips, Angus y Michael Bhaskar, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Publishing. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198794202.001.0001.

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Publishing is a global industry with revenues in the hundreds of billions of dollars, employing millions of people. It has both a long history and also a track record, which continues into the present day, of pioneering at the forefront of technological, economic and cultural change. In this unique one volume collection, publishing is surveyed in all its great diversity. Part I, Publishing in Context, looks at the various ways publishing connects with the world, from an overview of its long history, to vital relationships with authors and readers, to its influence on key areas of life and society and then to its corporate social responsibility. Part II, the Dynamics of Publishing, examines key forces at work within publishing like economic pressure and business strategy. The impact of globalization is explored, as is the role of the publisher as a curator, before the three main sectors of publishing – trade, academic and educational – are given an overview. Lastly Part III, Publishing in practice, looks at the more operational side. From how publishing houses are structured, to design, rights marketing and technology, the reality of publishing is here analysed, before we turn to key customers for all publishers: libraries and bookshops. In a Coda eight thought experiments probe the future of publishing. This is a critical academic volume, summarising the state of knowledge in the burgeoning field of publishing studies whilst also venturing new arguments and ideas about this still-vital area.
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38

Khanna, Tarun y Budhaditya Gupta. The Private Provision of Missing Public Goods. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199476084.003.0003.

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This chapter explores the long-standing puzzle of the optimal role and impact of private business in public life based on evidence from a healthcare entrepreneur in India. To realize its goal of delivering affordable, high-quality care to the indigent population in India, Narayana Health (NH) had to address a number of voids created by the absence of supporting market institutions. This was done with entrepreneurial aplomb, sometimes even catalysing governmental action, by becoming a trusted intermediary to providers of all sorts of factor inputs who would otherwise not make their services available. This partial private provision of public infrastructure by NH illustrates how social investments by resource-constrained entrepreneurs in emerging markets can yield both private and public benefits.
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39

Frey, Bruno S. y Jana Gallus. Why Awards? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798507.003.0001.

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Honours are expressions of appreciation that can take various forms, ranging from orders, crosses, medals, decorations, prizes, trophies, and certificates to honorific titles and other awards. They can be found in virtually all spheres of life. There are awards far beyond the political and military sectors: in the humanitarian sector, in architecture, arts (film, television, radio, dance, music, literature), design, education, journalism, advertising, games, and sports. Honours also play a large role in academia and business. Awards are not only widespread; they also have a long history. Awards have great visibility, can raise the intrinsic motivation of recipients, and strengthen the commitment and loyalty to the giver. They are particularly well suited to honour broad achievements and indicate what the giver’s goals are. Awards are symbolic and hence cheap; they differ significantly from monetary incentives.
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40

Buckley, Peter. International Expansion: Foreign Direct Investment by Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Editado por Anuradha Basu, Mark Casson, Nigel Wadeson y Bernard Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546992.003.0026.

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International expansion by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has long been a subject of research. The fact that internationalization begins earlier in a firm's life cycle has attracted attention to international new ventures as ‘a business organization that, from inception, seeks to derive significant competitive advantage from the use of resources and the sale of outputs in multiple countries’, ‘early internationalizers’, and ‘born global firms’. This article analyzes the internationalization of SMEs and examines the role of entrepreneurship in the literature. McDougall and Oviatt define international entrepreneurship as ‘a combination of innovative proactive and risk-seeking behaviour that crosses national borders and is intended to create value in organizations’. This definition provides a wide scope for research but also poses problems in terms of the level of the analysis and difficulties with respect to outcomes that are so far unresolved.
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41

US GOVERNMENT. Joint hearing on privatizing government sponsored entities (GSEs): Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Postsecondary Education, Training, and Life-long ... hearing held in Washington, DC, May 3, 1995. For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, 1995.

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42

Ross, Andrew. Bird on Fire. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199828265.001.0001.

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Phoenix, Arizona is one of America's fastest growing metropolitan regions. It is also its least sustainable one, sprawling over a thousand square miles, with a population of four and a half million, minimal rainfall, scorching heat, and an insatiable appetite for unrestrained growth and unrestricted property rights. In Bird on Fire, eminent social and cultural analyst Andrew Ross focuses on the prospects for sustainability in Phoenix--a city in the bull's eye of global warming--and also the obstacles that stand in the way. Most authors writing on sustainable cities look at places like Portland, Seattle, and New York that have excellent public transit systems and relatively high density. But Ross contends that if we can't change the game in fast-growing, low-density cities like Phoenix, the whole movement has a major problem. Drawing on interviews with 200 influential residents--from state legislators, urban planners, developers, and green business advocates to civil rights champions, energy lobbyists, solar entrepreneurs, and community activists--Ross argues that if Phoenix is ever to become sustainable, it will occur more through political and social change than through technological fixes. Ross explains how Arizona's increasingly xenophobic immigration laws, science-denying legislature, and growth-at-all-costs business ethic have perpetuated social injustice and environmental degradation. But he also highlights the positive changes happening in Phoenix, in particular the Gila River Indian Community's successful struggle to win back its water rights, potentially shifting resources away from new housing developments to producing healthy local food for the people of the Phoenix Basin. Ross argues that this victory may serve as a new model for how green democracy can work, redressing the claims of those who have been aggrieved in a way that creates long-term benefits for all. Bird on Fire offers a compelling take on one of the pressing issues of our time--finding pathways to sustainability at a time when governments are dismally failing their responsibility to address climate change.
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43

Finch, Jonathan. Capability Brown, Royal Gardener: The Business of Place-Making in Northern Europe. Editado por Jan Woudstra. White Rose University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22599/capabilitybrown.

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Lancelot “Capability” Brown was one of the most influential landscape designers of the eighteenth-century at a time when Britain was changing radically from an agrarian to an industrial and colonial nation, whilst Europe was periodically convulsed by war and revolution. The extent and nature of his influence are, however, fiercely debated. Brown worked at hundreds of important sites across England and his name became synonymous with the “English Garden” style which was copied across Northern Europe and entranced Catherine the Great, who remodelled her landscapes in St Petersburg to reflect the new style. He was fêted in his time, and recognised by the Crown, but Brown’s style was readily copied over his later life and particularly after his death. Arguably, this ubiquity led to the denigration of his achievements and even his character, particularly by the agents of the Picturesque. The lack of any personal primary material from Brown - forcing scholars to rely on his landscapes, contracts and bank accounts - has hindered attempts to provide a rounded and credible account of the man and his works. However, by exploring his team of associates and his role as Royal Gardener, new light can be thrown on the man, his landscapes and his landscape legacy. Bringing together a number of perspectives from across Northern Europe, Capability Brown, Royal Gardener explores the lasting international impact of Brown. With Brown’s position as Royal Gardener at its heart, this book explores for the first time his business methods, working methods and European influence. It assesses how, crucially, Brown’s work practices placed him within the world of nurserymen and landscape designers, and how his business practices and long term relationships with draughtsmen and designers allowed him to manage a huge number of projects and a substantial financial turnover. This, in turn, allowed him to work in a way that promoted and advanced his style of landscape. Edited by Professor Jonathan Finch (University of York) and Dr Jan Woudstra (University of Sheffield), and with a varied range of engaging contributors drawn internationally from archaeology, art history, history and landscape architecture, Capability Brown, Royal Gardener weaves together strands from across a broad range of disciplinary interests. It makes an important contribution to the scholarly discussion of Brown’s work, the work of his collaborators, and legacy in the UK and across Northern Europe. Relevant to students and academics at all levels, this volume throws new light on Capability Brown and his impact on the business of place-making in Northern Europe.
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44

Coyne, Christopher J. y Peter Boettke, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Austrian Economics. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199811762.001.0001.

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The Oxford Handbook of Austrian Economics provides an overview of the main methodological, analytical, and practical implications of the Austrian school of economics. This intellectual tradition in economics and political economy has a long history that dates back to Carl Menger in the late nineteenth century. The various contributions discussed in this book all reflect this "tension" of an orthodox argumentative structure (rational choice and invisible hand) to address heterodox problem situations (uncertainty, differential knowledge, ceaseless change).The Austrian economists, from the founders to today, seek to derive the invisible-hand theorem from the rational-choice postulate via institutional analysis in a persistent and consistent manner. The Handbook, which consists of nine parts, and 34 chapters, covers a variety of topics including: methodology, microeconomics (market process theory and spontaneous order), macroeconomics (capital theory and Austrian business cycle theory, and free banking), institutions and organizational theory, political economy, development and social change, and the 2008 financial crisis. The goals of the volume are twofold. First, to introduce readers to some of the main theories and insights of the Austrian school. Second, to demonstrate how Austrian economics provides a set of tools for making original and novel scholarly contributions to the broader economics discipline. By providing insight into the central Austrian theories, the volume will be valuable to those who are unfamiliar with Austrian economics. At the same time, it will be appealing to those already familiar with Austrian economics, given its emphasis on Austrian economics as a live and progressive research program in the social sciences.
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45

Jiménez, Catalina, Julen Requejo, Miguel Foces, Masato Okumura, Marco Stampini y Ana Castillo. Silver Economy: A Mapping of Actors and Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003237.

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Latin America and the Caribbean, unlike other regions, is still quite young demographically: people over age 60 make up around 11% of the total population. However, the region is expected to experience the fastest rate of population aging in the world over the coming decades. This projected growth of the elderly population raises challenges related to pensions, health, and long-term care. At the same time, it opens up numerous business opportunities in different sectorshousing, tourism, care, and transportation, for examplethat could generate millions of new jobs. These opportunities are termed the “silver economy,” which has the potential to be one of the drivers of post-pandemic economic recovery. Importantly, women play key roles in many areas of this market, as noted in the first report published by the IDB on this subject (Okumura et al., 2020). This report maps the actors whose products or services are intended for older people and examines silver economy trends in the region by sector: health, long-term care, finance, housing, transportation, job market, education, entertainment, and digitization. The mapping identified 245 actors whose products or services are intended for older people, and it yielded three main findings. The first is that the majority of the actors (40%) operate in the health and care sectors. The prevalence of these sectors could be due to the fact that they are made up of many small players, and it could also suggest a still limited role of older people in active consumption, investment, and the job market in the region. The second finding is that 90% of the silver economy actors identified by the study operate exclusively in their countries of origin, and that Mexico has the most actors (47), followed by the Southern Cone countriesBrazil, Chile, and Argentinawhich have the regions highest rates of population aging. The third finding is that private investment dominates the silver economy ecosystem, as nearly 3 out of every 4 actors offering services to the elderly population are for-profit enterprises. The sectors and markets of the silver economy differ in size and degree of maturity. For example, the long-term care sector, which includes residential care settings, is the oldest and has the largest number of actors, while sectors like digital, home automation, and cohousing are still emerging. Across all sectors, however, there are innovative initiatives that hold great potential for growth. This report examines the main development trends of the silver economy in the region and presents examples of initiatives that are already underway. The health sector has a wealth of initiatives designed to make managing chronic diseases easier and to prevent and reduce the impact of functional limitations through practices that encourage active aging. In the area of long term careone of the most powerful drivers of job creationinitiatives to train human resources and offer home care services are flourishing. The financial sector is beginning to meet a wide range of demands from older people by offering unique services such as remittances or property management, in addition to more traditional pensions, savings, and investment services. The housing sector is adapting rapidly to the changes resulting from population aging. This shift can be seen, for example, in developments in the area of cohousing or collaborative housing, and in the rise of smart homes, which are emerging as potential solutions. In the area of transportation, specific solutions are being developed to meet the unique mobility needs of older people, whose economic and social participation is on the rise. The job market offers older people opportunities to continue contributing to society, either by sharing their experience or by earning income. The education sector is developing solutions that promote active aging and the ongoing participation of older people in the regions economic and social life. Entertainment services for older people are expanding, with the emergence of multiple online services. Lastly, digitization is a cross-cutting and fundamental challenge for the silver economy, and various initiatives in the region that directly address this issue were identified. Additionally, in several sectors we identified actors with a clear focus on gender, and these primarily provide support to women. Of a total of 245 actors identified by the mapping exercise, we take a closer look at 11 different stories of the development of the silver economy in the region. The featured organizations are RAFAM Internacional (Argentina), TeleDx (Chile), Bonanza Asistencia (Costa Rica), NudaProp (Uruguay), Contraticos (Costa Rica), Maturi (Brazil), Someone Somewhere (Mexico), CONAPE (Dominican Republic), Fundación Saldarriaga Concha (Colombia), Plan Ibirapitá (Uruguay), and Canitas (Mexico). These organizations were chosen based on criteria such as how innovative their business models are, the current size and growth potential of their initiatives, and their impact on society. This study is a first step towards mapping the silver economy in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the hope is to broaden the scope of this mapping exercise through future research and through the creation of a community of actors to promote the regional integration of initiatives in this field.
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46

Schmidt-Thomé, Philipp. Climate Change Adaptation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.635.

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Climate change adaptation is the ability of a society or a natural system to adjust to the (changing) conditions that support life in a certain climate region, including weather extremes in that region. The current discussion on climate change adaptation began in the 1990s, with the publication of the Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Since the beginning of the 21st century, most countries, and many regions and municipalities have started to develop and implement climate change adaptation strategies and plans. But since the implementation of adaptation measures must be planned and conducted at the local level, a major challenge is to actually implement adaptation to climate change in practice. One challenge is that scientific results are mainly published on international or national levels, and political guidelines are written at transnational (e.g., European Union), national, or regional levels—these scientific results must be downscaled, interpreted, and adapted to local municipal or community levels. Needless to say, the challenges for implementation are also rooted in a large number of uncertainties, from long time spans to matters of scale, as well as in economic, political, and social interests. From a human perspective, climate change impacts occur rather slowly, while local decision makers are engaged with daily business over much shorter time spans.Among the obstacles to implementing adaptation measures to climate change are three major groups of uncertainties: (a) the uncertainties surrounding the development of our future climate, which include the exact climate sensitivity of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, the reliability of emission scenarios and underlying storylines, and inherent uncertainties in climate models; (b) uncertainties about anthropogenically induced climate change impacts (e.g., long-term sea level changes, changing weather patterns, and extreme events); and (c) uncertainties about the future development of socioeconomic and political structures as well as legislative frameworks.Besides slow changes, such as changing sea levels and vegetation zones, extreme events (natural hazards) are a factor of major importance. Many societies and their socioeconomic systems are not properly adapted to their current climate zones (e.g., intensive agriculture in dry zones) or to extreme events (e.g., housing built in flood-prone areas). Adaptation measures can be successful only by gaining common societal agreement on their necessity and overall benefit. Ideally, climate change adaptation measures are combined with disaster risk reduction measures to enhance resilience on short, medium, and long time scales.The role of uncertainties and time horizons is addressed by developing climate change adaptation measures on community level and in close cooperation with local actors and stakeholders, focusing on strengthening resilience by addressing current and emerging vulnerability patterns. Successful adaptation measures are usually achieved by developing “no-regret” measures, in other words—measures that have at least one function of immediate social and/or economic benefit as well as long-term, future benefits. To identify socially acceptable and financially viable adaptation measures successfully, it is useful to employ participatory tools that give all involved parties and decision makers the possibility to engage in the process of identifying adaptation measures that best fit collective needs.
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47

Pool, Robert. Beyond Engineering. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195107722.001.0001.

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We have long recognized technology as a driving force behind much historical and cultural change. The invention of the printing press initiated the Reformation. The development of the compass ushered in the Age of Exploration and the discovery of the New World. The cotton gin created the conditions that led to the Civil War. Now, in Beyond Engineering, science writer Robert Pool turns the question around to examine how society shapes technology. Drawing on such disparate fields as history, economics, risk analysis, management science, sociology, and psychology, Pool illuminates the complex, often fascinating interplay between machines and society, in a book that will revolutionize how we think about technology. We tend to think that reason guides technological development, that engineering expertise alone determines the final form an invention takes. But if you look closely enough at the history of any invention, says Pool, you will find that factors unrelated to engineering seem to have an almost equal impact. In his wide-ranging volume, he traces developments in nuclear energy, automobiles, light bulbs, commercial electricity, and personal computers, to reveal that the ultimate shape of a technology often has as much to do with outside and unforeseen forces. For instance, Pool explores the reasons why steam-powered cars lost out to internal combustion engines. He shows that the Stanley Steamer was in many ways superior to the Model T--it set a land speed record in 1906 of more than 127 miles per hour, it had no transmission (and no transmission headaches), and it was simpler (one Stanley engine had only twenty-two moving parts) and quieter than a gas engine--but the steamers were killed off by factors that had little or nothing to do with their engineering merits, including the Stanley twins' lack of business acumen and an outbreak of hoof-and-mouth disease. Pool illuminates other aspects of technology as well. He traces how seemingly minor decisions made early along the path of development can have profound consequences further down the road, and perhaps most important, he argues that with the increasing complexity of our technological advances--from nuclear reactors to genetic engineering--the number of things that can go wrong multiplies, making it increasingly difficult to engineer risk out of the equation. Citing such catastrophes as Bhopal, Three Mile Island, the Exxon Valdez, the Challenger, and Chernobyl, he argues that is it time to rethink our approach to technology. The days are gone when machines were solely a product of larger-than-life inventors and hard-working engineers. Increasingly, technology will be a joint effort, with its design shaped not only by engineers and executives but also psychologists, political scientists, management theorists, risk specialists, regulators and courts, and the general public. Whether discussing bovine growth hormone, molten-salt reactors, or baboon-to-human transplants, Beyond Engineering is an engaging look at modern technology and an illuminating account of how technology and the modern world shape each other.
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48

Telecommunications: Development of competition in local telephone markets : report to the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2000.

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49

Telecommunications: Development of competition in local telephone markets : report to the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2000.

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50

Telecommunications: The changing status of competition to cable television : report to the Subcommittee on Antitrust, Business Rights, and Competition, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): The Office, 1999.

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