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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Mandarin"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 25 de julio de 2025

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1

Chao, Chih-Cheng T., Jinggui Fang, and Pachanoor S. Devanand. "Long Distance Pollen Flow in Mandarin Orchards Determined by AFLP Markers—Implications for Seedless Mandarin Production." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 130, no. 3 (2005): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.130.3.374.

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Production of seedless mandarins such as `Nules' clementine mandarin (Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tan.) and `Afourer' mandarin [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck × C. reticulata Blanco] is increasing in California as consumers' interest in seedless, easy peeling, and good tasting mandarins increases. The fruit would produce seeds if cross-pollination with compatible pollen source occurred. It is almost impossible to prevent cross-pollination between compatible mandarin cultivars by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) within the multi-faceted agricultural environment in California. To produce seedless mandarin,

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2

Yingzhi, Li, Cheng Yunjiang, Tao Nengguo, and Deng Xiuxin. "Phylogenetic Analysis of Mandarin Landraces, Wild Mandarins, and Related Species in China Using Nuclear LEAFY Second Intron and Plastid trnL-trnF Sequence." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132, no. 6 (2007): 796–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.132.6.796.

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Nucleotide sequences of the second intron of the nuclear LEAFY gene (FLint2) and trnL-trnF region of the chloroplast genome were used to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among eight wild mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco), 19 mandarin landraces, and 19 related species of Citrus L. Forty-six trnL-trnF sequences and 111 FLint2 sequences were obtained from 46 ingroup accessions, with an average length of 1059.7 and 776.7 bp respectively. Phylogeny reconstructions were conducted separately for these two data sets using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood criteria. Monophyly of mandari

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3

Chao, Chih-Cheng T. "Pollination Study of Mandarins and the Effect on Seediness and Fruit Size: Implications for Seedless Mandarin Production." HortScience 40, no. 2 (2005): 362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.2.362.

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A pollination study was conducted using `Nules', `Fina Sodea', `Marisol', `Fina' Clementine, `Afourer', `Tahoe Gold', and `Gold Nugget' mandarin. The fruit sets from selfing of `Fina', `Marisol', `Fina Sodea', `Nules' Clementines and `Afourer' mandarin were very low or near 0. The open pollinated Clementines had very low fruit set and there were very few seeds per fruit. Fruit set was highest (20% to 40%) in cross-pollination between two Clementines, `Nules' and `Fina Sodea', and `Afourer' mandarin and their reciprocal crosses. There were averaged 23 to 32 seeds per fruit in Clementines × `Afo

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4

Montalt, Rafael, María Carmen Vives, Luis Navarro, Patrick Ollitrault, and Pablo Aleza. "Parthenocarpy and Self-Incompatibility in Mandarins." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (2021): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11102023.

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Citrus reproductive biology is complex. One of its characteristic features is parthenocarpy that enables seedless fruit production. Citrus parthenocarpy and self-incompatibility knowledge is only partial and sometimes discrepant. Increasing such knowledge is relevant for better managing cultivated varieties and improving the selection of parents in breeding strategies to recover seedless varieties such as mandarins. This work develops an efficient protocol to characterize self-incompatibility and different parthenocarpy types based on emasculation, hand self-pollination, and hand cross-pollina

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5

PETEK, Marko, Morana REHAK, Tomislav KARAŽIJA, et al. "POTASSIUM AND MAGNESIUM CONTENT IN MANDARIN ON MARKET OF CITY OF ZAGREB." AgroLife Scientific Journal 11, no. 1 (2022): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17930/agl2022120.

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Mandarin is a plant species which belongs to the group of winter seasonal fruit. It is highly valued for its vitamin C, potassium and magnesium content. When buying mandarins, consumers do not have the information on the exact mineral composition of mandarins so a study was conducted to determine the content of macroelements potassium and magnesium in mandarins as well as to compare the results with regards to the place of purchase of individual samples. Mandarin sampling was carried out in the city of Zagreb at 3 markets, 3 retail chains and 3 organic product stores. After digestion with conc

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6

Beltrán, F., A. J. Perez-López, J. M. López-Nicolás, and A. A. Carbonell-Barrachina. "Effects of Mandarin Cultivar on Quality of Mandarin Juice." Food Science and Technology International 14, no. 4 (2008): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013208097443.

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Eight mandarin cultivars have been analyzed for their content of vitamin C, minerals (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn), CIELab color coordinates (L*, a*, b*, C*, and h ab), total volatile compounds content and sensory aroma intensity of juice. Experimental results proved that no important enough differences were found in the minerals contents to decide which mandarin cultivar was of higher quality. Clemenules provided the darkest juice with the highest vitamin C content and with the most intense mandarin aroma. On the other hand, Nova and Hernandina mandarin could be considered as the worst

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7

Tian, Haoyu, Hong Chen, and Xiaoxian Li. "Mechanical Damage Caused by Compression and Its Effects on Storage Quality of Mandarin." Foods 13, no. 6 (2024): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13060892.

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Mandarin is vulnerable to a range of external loads during processing and shipping, which can cause interior mechanical damage that can happen right away or over time and cause serious rotting when kept in storage. In this study, mandarin was treated to a certain quantity of compression load that did not result in a noticeable rupture of the peel. The interior pulp structure of mandarin was examined for damage prior to peel damage using CT scanning and image reconstruction. An image segmentation method based on mask processing was then used to calculate the pulp damage rate. We examined the va

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8

Chao*, C. Thomas. "Pollination Study of Clementine Mandarins, `Afourer' Mandarin, `Tahoe Gold' Mandarin and Effect on Fruit Set and Seediness in California." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 859A—859. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.859a.

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Compatibilities among mandarin cultivars raise concern, especially related to the seediness issue in mandarin production. A hand cross-pollination study was conducted in 2002 and 2003 at the UC Lind-cove Research and Extension Center, Exeter, California. There were 0.86% (1/116) (4 seeds) and 0% (0/137) fruit set from `Fina Sodea' Clementine × `Tahoe Gold' mandarin in 2002 and 2003, respectively. There were 13.59% (14/103) (average 1.5 seeds/fruit) and 16.50% (17/103) (average 9.82 seeds/fruit) fruit set from `Nules' Clementine × `Tahoe Gold' mandarin (a triploid) in 2002 and 2003, respectivel

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9

Chao*, C. Thomas, and Pachanoor S. Devanand. "Determination of Pollen Parentages of Mandarin Seedlings Using AFLP Markers and Implications for Seedless Mandarin Production in California." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 859B—859. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.859b.

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Acreages of `Nules' Clementine and `Afourer' mandarin have increased rapidly in California. One way to produce seedless mandarins is using Navel oranges or Satsuma mandarins as buffer to prevent cross-pollination. In order to determine the number of necessary buffer rows or spacing to prevent cross-pollination, we used AFLP markers to determine the pollen parentages of `Nules' and `Afourer' seedlings from two sites. The AFLP markers were able to identify Clementine as pollen parents of 26.6% (25/94) of the `Afourer' seedlings from one site. The pollen of Clementine was able to travel across mi

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10

Li, Lingyi, Rui Min Vivian Goh, Yunle Huang, et al. "Characterisation of the Volatile Compounds and Key Odourants in Japanese Mandarins by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Gas Chromatography–Olfactometry." Separations 11, no. 8 (2024): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations11080237.

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Japanese mandarins are becoming increasingly popular due to their pleasant aroma. The volatiles in four varieties of Japanese mandarins (Iyokan, Ponkan, Shiranui, and Unshiu mikan) were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and solvent extraction, then analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the GC-MS data demonstrated distinct segregation of all four Japanese mandarin varieties. Esters, such as neryl acetate, distinguished Iyokan. Methylthymol uniquely characterised Ponkan, valencene was exclusive to Shiranui, and

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11

Regmi, Anmol, and Surya Mani Dhungana. "Production, Marketing and Future Prospects of Mandarin in Nepal." Journal La Lifesci 5, no. 4 (2024): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallalifesci.v5i4.1304.

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Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) is a vital fruit crop in Nepal, where its demand is very high and has been produced as the main source of income in the hilly region. Nepal offers suitable topography, climate and soil for the profitable production of mandarins with great taste, precocity and high nutritive values. This study attempts to analyze the production trend, export and import, current scenario and future prospects of mandarin in Nepal. The findings of the study shows that the production of mandarin is in increasing trend with an average annual growth rate of 7.04% from fiscal year 2019/20

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12

Maciá-Vázquez, Alejandro Andy, Dámaris Núñez-Gómez, Juan José Martínez-Nicolás, Pilar Legua, and Pablo Melgarejo. "Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Late-Season Varieties of Mandarin Growing in Spain under Homogeneous Growing Conditions." Agronomy 13, no. 7 (2023): 1825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071825.

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Mandarins are one of the most important citrus fruits in the world in terms of tons produced. The late-season varieties of mandarin have a great economic value due to their high production in a season with few mandarin varieties. The objective is to carry out a preliminary study of characterization and comparison of the morphological and biochemical properties of the late varieties ‘Afourer’, ‘Tango’, and ‘Orri’. The characterization consisted of physicochemical parameters related to the quality of the fruits, highlighting the total antioxidant activity using ABTS and DPPH, the organic acids a

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13

Bao, Vo-Van Quoc, Le Dai Vuong, and Le Van Luan. "Biomimetic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Preparing Preservative Solutions for Mandarins (Citrus DeliciosaTenore)." Nano LIFE 08, no. 01 (2018): 1850003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984418500034.

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Mandarin (Citrus deliciosa Tenore) is one of the most important fruit crops grown in the Hue province, Vietnam, and has immense economic, health and cultural significance. However, mandarins are highly perishable and more susceptible to diseases compared to other citrus fruits. In the present study, biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for preparing preservative solutions for mandarins was investigated. Spherical and nanometer-sized AgNPs that were prepared with the help of ultrasound wave induced a reaction between silver nitrate solution (AgNO30.02[Formula: see text]M) and th

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14

Chaalal, Makhlouf, iham Ydjedd, and Sana Mansouri. "Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of different parts of three mandarin varieties extracts: A comparative study." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 4, no. 8 (2020): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.8.318-324.

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Background: Mandarin by-products, such as peels and seeds, are considered as one of the naturel source of phenolic compounds. Aim: The objective of the present study was to compare the phenolic compounds contents and antioxidant activity of different parts (pulps, seeds, juices, and peels) of three mandarins varieties extracts. Material and methods: Total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents of the extracts were assessed while, the antioxidant activity was evaluated using three tests including ferric reducing power, free radical scavenging activity, and phosphomolybdate. Results:

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15

Chaalal, Makhlouf, Siham Ydjedd, and Sana Mansouri. "Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of different parts of three mandarin varieties extracts: A comparative study." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 4, no. 08 (2020): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.4.08.318-324.

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Background: Mandarin by-products, such as peels and seeds, are considered as one of the naturel sources of phenolic compounds. Aim: The objective of the present study was to compare the phenolic compounds contents and antioxidant activity of different parts (pulps, seeds, juices, and peels) of three mandarins varieties extracts. Material and methods: Total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents of the extracts were assessed while, the antioxidant activity was evaluated using three tests including ferric reducing power, free radical scavenging activity, and phosphomolybdate. Results

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16

Plotto, Anne, Jinhe Bai, Kristen Jeffries, et al. "Can Mandarins Be Blended with Orange Juice and Still Maintain Orange Juice Flavor?" Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 136 (April 14, 2025): 174–78. https://doi.org/10.32473/fshs.136.1.138434.

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Since the citrus greening disease (aka Huanglongbing, HLB) was detected in 2005, orange (Citrus sinensis) juice production has decreased by more than 80% in Florida. Over the years, some mandarins (C. reticulata) and mandarin-like hybrids with Poncirus trifoliata in their pedigree have shown tolerance to the disease and have the potential to make up the deficit in the volume of oranges. However, current FDA rules allow for only 10% mandarin juice in orange juice. If citrus, other than C. sinensis, could be added to orange juice in amounts greater than 10%, it would give more flexibility to pro

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17

Kurzer, Amalie B., Rose Bechtel, and Jean-Xavier Guinard. "Adult and Child Focus Group Views of Oranges and Mandarins." HortTechnology 29, no. 4 (2019): 408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04320-19.

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To identify factors that may reduce mandarin (Citrus reticulata) and orange (Citrus sinensis) consumer acceptance and to acquire information on current consumer thoughts and perceptions, a series of eight focus groups were held in a college town in northern California: four with children and four with adults. Adults mentioned cost proportionately more (P ≤ 0.05) often than children, as well as farm to fork, purchasing preferences, and seasonality. Children mentioned eating preferences, social use, and healthiness more often (P ≤ 0.05). Flavor and taste were important to both age groups, as wel

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18

Mattia, Matthew R., Dongliang Du, Qibin Yu, et al. "Genome-Wide Association Study of Healthful Flavonoids among Diverse Mandarin Accessions." Plants 11, no. 3 (2022): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030317.

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Mandarins have many unique flavonoids with documented health benefits and that help to prevent chronic human diseases. Flavonoids are difficult to measure and cannot be phenotyped without the use of specialized equipment; consequently, citrus breeders have not used flavonoid contents as selection criteria to develop cultivars with increased benefits for human health or increased tolerance to diseases. In this study, peel, pulp, and seed samples collected from many mandarin accessions and their hybrids were analyzed for the presence of selected flavonoids with documented human health benefits.

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19

D.C., Barsha, Monika Singh, Prakash Khanal, Madan Pandey, and Rukmagat Pathak. "Effect of Different Edible Coatings on Postharvest Quality of Mandarin Orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco)." Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal 4, no. 2 (2021): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37637/ab.v4i2.695.

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Although Nepal produces a large amount of mandarin it faces huge postharvest losses due to improper postharvest practices. Treating fruits with different edible coatings can minimize postharvest losses. The experiment was carried out in the horticulture lab of Prithu Technical College, Dang, Nepal to evaluate the effects of different edible coating materials on the postharvest quality of mandarin. The experiment was laid in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications and seven treatments in each replication. Mandarins were coated with different edible coating materials i.e. paraff

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20

Maslov Bandić, Luna, Kristina Vlahoviček-Kahlina, Marija Sigurnjak Bureš, et al. "Fruit Quality of Satsuma Mandarins from Neretva Valley and Their Flavonoid and Carotenoid Content." Horticulturae 9, no. 3 (2023): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9030383.

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Mandarins are the second most farmed citrus. Consumers demand a mandarin fruit that is both tasty and excellent in quality. The fruit quality, flavonoid profile, antioxidant capacity and total carotenoid content of five varieties (‘Zorica’, ‘Chahara’, ‘Kawano Wase’, ‘Owari’ and ‘Saigon’) of Satsuma mandarins grown in Neretva valley (Croatia) were determined. In this research, the distribution of bioactive compounds was different for mandarin juice, dry pulp residue and dry peels. Dry peels showed higher levels of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Total carotenoids were found to

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21

Grosser, Jude W., Hyun Joo An, Milica Calovic, et al. "Production of New Allotetraploid and Autotetraploid Citrus Breeding Parents: Focus on Zipperskin Mandarins." HortScience 45, no. 8 (2010): 1160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.8.1160.

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Somatic hybridization through protoplast fusion has proven to be a valuable technique in citrus for producing unique allotetraploid breeding parents that combine elite diploid selections. Many citrus somatic hybrids are now flowering and being used in interploid crosses to generate triploid hybrids that produce seedless fruit, a primary objective of citrus breeding programs. Most of the early somatic hybrids produced for mandarin improvement combined sweet oranges with mandarins, because the performance of sweet oranges in tissue/protoplast culture generally exceeds that of most mandarin selec

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22

Simons, Tyler J., Christopher J. McNeil, Aubrey D. Pham, Carolyn M. Slupsky, Mikeal L. Roose, and Jean-Xavier Guinard. "Chemical, Sensory, and Consumer Evaluations of ‘DaisySL’ Mandarins Grafted onto Three Different Rootstocks." HortScience 54, no. 7 (2019): 1217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14023-19.

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‘DaisySL’ mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco) grafted to Schaub Rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush; SHRL) Carrizo citrange (Citrus sinensis Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.; CARR), and Rubidoux Trifoliate [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.; RUBT] rootstocks were measured to determine their liking by adults and children, sensory properties, and targeted metabolomics over the course of 2 consecutive years. Chemical measurements showed differences in sugars, acids, and ethanol content, whereas a descriptive analysis found variations in sweetness, mandarin flavor, juiciness, and peelability. During both

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23

Poudel, Sudip. "EFFECT OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS ON QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AND SHELF LIFE OF MANDARIN (Citrus reticulata BLANCO)." Plant Physiology and Soil Chemistry 1, no. 2 (2021): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ppsc.02.2021.70.74.

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Healthy, mature, and fairly even-sized mandarins were harvested from a typical mandarin orchard to examine various storage techniques and discover an efficacious method to downsize the postharvest loss of mandarin fruits under ambient storage conditions. The allotted number of harvested mandarins were separately dipped in bavistin (0.1%), calcium chloride (1%), and clove oil (1%) individual solutions. A set of the collected mandarins was packaged in polythene; an assigned number of them was packaged in polythene only after immersing in bavistin solution, and the rest were neither treated nor p

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24

Tiring, Gülsevim, Serdar Satar, Turgut Yeşiloğlu, and Berken Çimen. "Bazı Mandarin Çeşitlerinin Adana Ekolojik Koşullarında Meyve Kalite Özelliklerinin Saptanması." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 3 (2017): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i3.251-255.1026.

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In this study, the fruit quality traits of varietys of Klemantin, Fremont, Nova and Robinson was determined at Centre Application and Research Subtropical Fruit of Çukurova University in three different periods. The width (mm), length (mm), weight (g), rind thickness, number of carpel, numbers of seed, total soluble solid (TSS, %), titretable acidity (TA, %), TSS/TA ratio, fruit weight, fruit index and amount of fruit juice content (%) were measured. In addition, in this study, information about maturation period of these cultivars was obtained. Regarding to the results, Nova was determined to

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25

Chaalal, Makhlouf, Siham Ydjedd, and Sana Mansouri. "Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of different parts of three mandarin varieties extracts: A comparative study." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 04, no. 08 (2020): 318–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4299556.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Mandarin by-products, such as peels and seeds, are considered as one of the naturel source of phenolic compounds. <strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of the present study was to compare the phenolic compounds contents and antioxidant activity of different parts (pulps, seeds, juices, and peels) of three mandarins varieties extracts. <strong>Material and methods: </strong>Total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents of the extracts were assessed while, the antioxidant activity was evaluated using three tests including ferric reducing power, free radical

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26

Stenzel, Neusa Maria Colauto, Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves, Celso Jamil Marur, Maria Brígida dos Santos Scholz, and José Carlos Gomes. "Maturation curves and degree-days accumulation for fruits of 'Folha Murcha' orange trees." Scientia Agricola 63, no. 3 (2006): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162006000300002.

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The effect of thermal summation on orange fruit growth on different rootstocks has not been studied for the State of Paraná, Brazil. This research evaluated the growth of fruits by means of maturation curves, and quantified the growing degree-days (GDD) accumulation required for fruit maturation in 'Folha Murcha' orange trees budded on 'Rangpur' lime, 'Volkamer' lemon, 'Sunki' mandarin, and 'Cleopatra' mandarin, in Paranavaí and Londrina, PR. In both locations and all rootstocks, the fruits showed evolution in total soluble solids (TSS) content in relation to GDD accumulation, with a quadratic

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27

Chen, Peng, Jingbo Liu, Qi Tang, et al. "Genetic Identification of Medicinal Citrus Cultivar ‘Local Juhong’ Using Molecular Markers and Genomics." Genes 15, no. 6 (2024): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15060719.

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The citrus cultivar ‘Local Juhong’, which has historically been used as a traditional Chinese medicinal material, originated in Yuanjiang County, Hunan Province.Its parental type and genetic background are indistinct as of yet. Morphological observation shows that ‘Local Juhong’ has a slight oblateness in fruit shape, a relatively smooth pericarp, a fine and slightly raised oil vacuole, and an inward concave at the blossom end. The tree form and fruit and leaf morphology of ‘Local Juhong’ are similar to those of ‘Huangpi’ sour orange. To reveal the genetic background of ‘Local Juhong’, 21 citr

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28

HAMID BENYAHIA, HANDAJI NAJAT,, and NAJAT ARSALANE, HASSAN BENAOUDA. "SELECTION OF NEW PROMISING SEEDLESS MANDARINS TRIPLOID HYBRIDS FROM CROSSES BETWEEN MONOEMBRYONIC DIPLOID FEMALE AND DIPLOID MALE PARENTS." Research in Biotechnology 8 (March 31, 2017): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/rib.2017.v8.3598.

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Morocco is one of the major exporters of small citrus fruits, such as mandarin and Clementine. Seedlessness is a major criterion for this horticultural group. The present study focused on the selection of the best triploid mandarin hybrids (2n=3x=27) characterized by seedless fruits. A series of crosses between ‘Sidi Aissa’ clementine (female parent) and seven mandarin varieties (‘Lee’, ‘Wilking’, ‘Osceola’, ‘Carvalhal’, ‘Satsuma Frost’, ‘Satsuma Owari’ and ‘Chienka’) was performed by the National Institute for Agricultural Research. Forty triploid mandarins were obtained and planted since 200

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Tarancón, Paula, Amparo Tárrega, Mónica González, and Cristina Besada. "External Quality of Mandarins: Influence of Fruit Appearance Characteristics on Consumer Choice." Foods 10, no. 9 (2021): 2188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092188.

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In a pre-purchase situation, consumer perception of mandarin quality is almost exclusively based on fruit appearance. Determination of consumer requirements in this regard is needed to preserve the current success of this crop in markets worldwide. In this study, the effect on consumer choice of different appearance characteristics that can occur mainly in early-season mandarins was quantified. Two independent Choice-Based Conjoint Analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of different external mandarin factors: (1) two factors linked mainly with harvesting practices: ‘Leaf’ (no leaves bu

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30

Cass, Bodil N., Elizabeth E. Grafton-Cardwell, and Jay A. Rosenheim. "Resistance of Fruits From a Mandarin Cultivar to Feeding by Fork-Tailed Bush Katydids." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 6 (2019): 2861–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz241.

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Abstract Plants use a variety of mechanisms to defend against herbivore damage, each with different consequences for agricultural production. Crops relying on tolerance strategies may need different pest management approaches versus those relying on resistance strategies. Previous work suggested that densities of fork-tailed bush katydids (Scudderia furcata Brunner von Wattenwyl [Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae]) that generated substantial scarring on cultivars of sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis, (L.) Osbeck [Sapindales: Rutaceae]) produced only low levels of scarring on cultivars of Citrus reticulat

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31

Navarro, P., A. J. Pérez-López, M. T. Mercader, A. A. Carbonell-Barrachina, and J. A. Gabaldon. "Antioxidant Activity, Color, Carotenoids Composition, Minerals, Vitamin C and Sensory Quality of Organic and Conventional Mandarin Juice, cv. Orogrande." Food Science and Technology International 17, no. 3 (2011): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013210382334.

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The effects of organic farming on antioxidant activity, CIE L*a*b* color, carotenoids composition, minerals contents, vitamin C and sensory quality of Orogrande mandarin juices were studied. Independent of the farming type, mandarin juices can be considered as good source of some important nutrients, such as potassium and antioxidant chemicals, for example, β-cryptoxanthin. Organic farming of mandarins resulted in juices with higher antioxidant activity, total carotenoids concentrations, minerals (Ca, K and Fe) contents, vitamin C content, more appealing and intense orange color and better sen

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Coblin, W. South. "Robert Morrison and the Phonology of Mid-Qīng Mandarin." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 13, no. 3 (2003): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186303003134.

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AbstractRobert Morrison (1782–1834; Chinese name: Maˇ Liˇxùn) was the London Missionary Society's first representative in China and is generally viewed as the father of Protestant missionary work there. Modern scholarly interest in him has in the main focused on his role as a Bible translator (see, for example, Zetzsche 1999, especially Chapter 2). As part of his missionary activities, Morrison studied both written and spoken Chinese; and these researches yielded grammars of both Mandarin (i.e. Guānhuà “the language of the mandarins or officials”; Morrison, 1815) and Cantonese (1815: appendix,

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Gutiérrez-Villamil, Diego Alejandro, Helber Enrique Balaguera-López, and Javier Giovanni Álvarez-Herrera. "Brassinosteroids Improve Postharvest Quality, Antioxidant Compounds, and Reduce Chilling Injury in ‘Arrayana’ Mandarin Fruits under Cold Storage." Horticulturae 9, no. 6 (2023): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060622.

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‘Arrayana’ mandarin is one of the most cultivated citrus species in Colombia, but this fruit has a short postharvest life and is sensitive to chilling injury (CI) during cold storage. Generating strategies that decrease CI to mandarin can reduce quantitative and qualitative losses postharvest. Brassinosteroids (BR) have been used as a sustainable technology to alleviate CI in fruits and improve postharvest quality. This study evaluated the effect of applying the 24-epibrasinolide analogue (EBR), at doses of 5 mg L−1; DI-31 analogue, at 5 and 10 mg L−1; and control, on the main physical and bio

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Stenzel, Neusa Maria Colauto, and Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves. "Rootstocks for 'Tahiti' lime." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 2 (2004): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000200005.

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The 'Tahiti' lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) is an important commercial citrus cultivar in Brazil. 'Rangpur' lime has being used as its main rootstock, but it is susceptible to root rot caused by Phytophthora, reducing tree longevity. An experiment was set up in a randomized block design, with three trees per plot of each rootstock and four replicates, and run for 12 years, aiming to compare the performance of 'IAC-5 Tahiti' lime, budded on 'Rangpur' lime (Citrus limonia Osb.); 'C-13' citrange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.); 'African' rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lu

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Oliveira, Roberto Pedroso de, and Elizete Beatriz Radmann. "Genetic similarity of citrus fresh fruit market cultivars." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 27, no. 2 (2005): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452005000200037.

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The objective of this work was to assess the genetic similarity of the following citrus fresh fruit market seedless cultivars: Lane Late, Navelate, Navelina and Salustiana sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), Clemenules and Marisol mandarins (C. reticulata Blanco) and Okitsu satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu Marcovitch), and the hybrids Nova [C. clementina x (C. paradisi x C. tangerina)] and Ortanique (tangor probably derived from C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck x C. reticulata Blanco), utilizing isoenzymatic markers. Electrophoresis analysis of proteins extracted from leaf tissues was utilized to d

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Çimen, Berken, Turgut Yesiloglu, Bilge Yılmaz, Meral İncesu, Müge Uysal Kamiloglu, and Hüseyin Karanfiloglu. "KKTC Ekolojik Koşullarında Bazı Erkenci Mandarin ve Portakal Çeşitlerinin Derim Dönemi ve Meyve Kalite Kriterlerinin Belirlenmesi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 5 (2019): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i5.809-815.2502.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal time to harvest and length of the harvesting period in two early-maturing Okitsu and Clausellina mandarins and two early-maturing Navelina and Newhall oranges under Güzelyurt-Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) ecological conditions. Fruit weight, fruit length, rind thickness, fruit juice, brix, acid and brix/acid ratio were determined. Fruit were harvested at three different times. Okitsu and Clausellina mandarins were harvested in September, October and November; Navelina and Newhall oranges were harvested in October, November and

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Adhikari, Prakash, Zora Singh, Vijay Yadav Tokala, Poe Nandar Kyaw, and Bronwyn Walsh. "Fruit canopy position and harvest date influence on colour and quality of Imperial mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)." April 2020, no. 14(04):2020 (April 20, 2020): 660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.04.p2304.

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Rind colour and taste are important factors influencing consumer acceptance of mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit. In this experiment, the influence of fruit canopy position and harvest date on the fruit rind colour and other quality parameters of Imperial mandarins was investigated. The mandarin fruit were harvested from four different positions in the tree canopy i.e., upper-inner, upper-outer, lower-inner and lower-outer and at three different harvest dates (H1 (five days before commercial harvest date); H2 (commercial harvest date) and H3 (five days after commercial harvest date).

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Scott, Mandy, and Hak-khiam Tiun. "Mandarin-Only to Mandarin-Plus: Taiwan." Language Policy 6, no. 1 (2007): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10993-006-9040-5.

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Ying, Yi. "Perbandingan Karakteristik dan Fungsi Kata Keterangan Bahasa Mandarin dan Bahasa Indonesia." Humaniora 2, no. 2 (2011): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v2i2.3141.

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Indonesian is an inflective language or functional language. It is a synthetic language, which is differentiated with agglutinative languages based on the inclination of morphemic formation of words. As a result, segmenting the elements is hard to be done. Mandarin as an isolative language is formed by singular morpheme. Synthetic language as the contrary consists of words of many morphemes. Mandarins’ and Indonesian’s grammatical function is as adverbs in most of the language occurrences. The difference between two adverbs is that in Mandarin, nouns and numbers cannot receive prefixes and suf

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Dr., Vijay Purushottam Gorde. "GEOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF ORANGE CULTIVATION IN VIDARBHA -2021." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 2, no. 22 (2022): 37–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7057037.

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<strong><em>Abstract: - </em></strong> <em>Vidarbha is the north-eastern region of the state of Maharashtra. Situated in the central part of India. The Vidarbha region is known for its growing major crop of oranges and cotton. Mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata) is most common among citrus fruits grown in India, as well as Vidarbha.  It occupies nearly 40% of the total area under citrus cultivation in India. Nagpur mandarin is one of the best mandarins in the world, as well as Vidarbha.  Production of this orange crop in the central and western parts of India is increasing per year.

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Doe, Doe, Namgay Om, Chencho Dorji, et al. "First Report of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus”, the Agent of Citrus Huanglongbing (Ex-greening) in Bhutan." Plant Disease 87, no. 4 (2003): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.4.448a.

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Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) is the most important cash crop in Bhutan and plantations total approximately 1.8 million trees (Ministry of Agriculture, Thimphu, Bhutan, 2000). Most trees are a local mandarin variety. Seedlings trees are produced by local farmers or supplied by Druk Seed Nursery. Mandarin seedlings have also been introduced from India. In the mid-1990s, mandarin trees growing in Punakha Valley and Wangdue districts began showing symptoms of decline that included sparse yellow foliage and shoot die-back. After initial surveys in 2000, huanglongbing (HLB) was suspected as the caus

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Forner-Giner, María Ángeles, Paola Sánchez-Bravo, Francisca Hernández, Amparo Primo-Capella, Marina Cano-Lamadrid, and Pilar Legua. "Effect of Rootstock on the Volatile Profile of Mandarins." Foods 12, no. 8 (2023): 1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12081599.

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Mandarin production has increased in recent years, especially for fresh consumption, due to its ease of peeling, its aroma, and its content of bioactive compounds. In this sense, aromas play a fundamental role in the sensory quality of this fruit. The selection of the appropriate rootstock is crucial for the success of the crop and its quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the influence of 9 rootstocks (“Carrizo citrange”, “Swingle citrumelo CPB 4475”, “Macrophylla”, “Volkameriana”, “Forner-Alcaide 5”, “Forner-Alcaide V17”, “C-35”, “Forner-Alcaide 418”, and “Forner-Al

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Thamrin, Lily, Suhardi ,, Lusi ,, and Tjen Veronica. "Workshop Pembelajaran Bahasa Mandarin Tingkat Dasar di GKKB Pontianak." Jurnal Pengabdi 3, no. 2 (2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jplp2km.v3i2.42301.

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Dalam dunia modern seperti sekarang, belajar bahasa merupakan salah satu hal yang sangat penting dalam hal berkomunikasi. Dengan menguasai bahasa asing maka dapat diartikan menguasai dunia. Salah satu bahasa yang sangat banyak diminati oleh kalangan orang adalah Bahasa Mandarin. Untuk mendorong perkembangan pembelajaran bahasa Mandarin bagi masyarakat pontianak, maka dilakukan Workshop Pembelajaran Bahasa Mandarin Tingkat Dasar di GKKB Pontianak. Adapun materi pelatihan workshop yang diberikan mencakup pengenalan dasar mengenai Hanyu Pinyin（汉语拼音）, huruf Mandarin（汉字），tata bahasa Mandarin (汉语语法）

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Selfya, Selfya, Lily Thamrin, and Suhardi Suhardi. "Pengaruh Bahasa Khek terhadap Pembelajaran Bahasa Mandarin." JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan 7, no. 1 (2024): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v7i1.3064.

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Bahasa Khek merupakan salah satu dialek Tiongkok. Kosakata, pelafalan, dan tata bahasa Khek berasal dari bahasa Mandarin kuno, sehingga banyak kosakata dan pelafalannya yang mirip dengan bahasa Mandarin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh bahasa Khek terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Mandarin. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Hakka Prodi Pendidikan bahasa Mandarin FKIP Universitas Tanjungpura sebanyak 37 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Khek berpengaruh terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Mandarin terutama dalam penguasaan k

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Putri, Amira Eza Febrian. "Intensitas Komunikasi Berbahasa Mandarin Mahasiswa dengan Dosen Lokal dan Native." JoLLA: Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts 1, no. 4 (2021): 462–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um064v1i42021p462-473.

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Abstract: The ability to communicate in Mandarin Chinese is one of the important indicators of learning outcomes. Therefore, in addition to the learning process, communication outside the classroom should ideally also use Mandarin Chinese. This study aims to find out the intensity of speaking in Mandarin among students of Mandarin Language Education study program of Universitas Negeri Malang with local and native lecturers as well as its challenges and underlying factors. This research is descriptive quantitative with the subject of students of Mandarin Language Education study program class o

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Giménez-Sanchis, Adrián, Ana Pons-Gómez, Vittorio Farina, and Cristina Besada. "Effect of Pulp Pigmentation Intensity on Consumer Acceptance of New Blood Mandarins: A Cross-Cultural Study in Spain and Italy." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (2022): 3058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123058.

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One of the current objectives of different citrus breeding programmes is obtaining new pigmented mandarins. This study investigates to what extent consumer preferences, expectations and purchase intention are affected by the appearance of new mandarins, specifically pulp pigmentation intensity. Four hundred consumers from both Italy and Spain (800 in all) participated in the study. In each country, half were informed about the healthy properties of the anthocyanins responsible for red pulp colouration, while the other half were not. Italians more readily accepted new mandarin varieties than Sp

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Kyle, Keith. "The Mandarins’ Mandarin: Sir Norman Brook, secretary of the cabinet." Contemporary British History 13, no. 2 (1999): 64–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619469908581529.

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Adelia, Celine. "ANALISIS SITUASI BELAJAR TKW PERUSAHAAN A DALAM BELAJAR BAHASA MANDARIN." Century: Journal of Chinese Language, Literature and Culture 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/century.9.1.1-13.

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Di Indonesia, jumlah TKW yang ingin bekerja ke negara berbahasa Mandarin terus meningkat. Sebelum bisa bekerja di negara berbahasa Mandarin, mereka harus mengikuti pelatihan Bahasa Mandarin dan lulus ujian Bahasa Mandarin. Para TKW sama sekali tidak memiliki kemampuan dasar Bahasa Mandarin, tetapi harus menguasai percakapan Bahasa Mandarin dalam waktu yang singkat. Bahasa Mandarin adalah bahasa yang sangat sulit untuk dipelajari. Penulis ingin meneliti bagaimana situasi belajar TKW dalam belajar Bahasa Mandarin, kesulitan apa yang mereka hadapi dan memberi solusi. Penelitian ini menggunakan ku

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Wiratikusuma, Fransiska. "Kurikulum Internasional Bahasa Mandarin Untuk Penyusunan Buku Ajar." CHANGLUN: Chinese Language, Literature, Culture and Linguistic 3, no. 1 (2024): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.changlun.2024.3.1.12046.

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Dalam memilih buku ajar, sebagian besar pengajar bahasa Mandarin di Indonesia mempertimbangkan apakah buku ajar tersebut terdapat kosakata yang relevan dengan persiapan tes kemahiran bahasa Mandarin HSK. Kurikulum internasional bahasa Mandarin memuat standar acuan kosakata untuk tes kemahiran berbahasa ini. Oleh karena itu, Kurikulum Internasional bahasa Mandarin menjadi salah satu referensi penting dalam penyusunan buku ajar Bahasa Mandarin di Indonesia. Kajian ini membahas secara ringkas fungsi acuan dan syarat ketentuan dan kebutuhan kurikulum internasional Bahasa Mandarin untuk penyusunan

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Yin, Hui. "Acoustic Study of Tone 3 Sandhi in Beijing and Taiwan Mandarin." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 2 (2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n2p98.

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Studies on Mandarin tone sandhi have focused on Beijing Mandarin. Taiwan has been politically separated from mainland China since 1949, but it is not known if tone sandhi in Taiwan Mandarin displays different patterns or characteristics. However, there has been no comparative study to investigate if Beijing Mandarin and Taiwan Mandarin display the same tone sandhi pattern. This study aims to fill this gap by comparing Beijing and Taiwan Mandarin through a productive experiment to examine acoustic differences between sandhied tone 3 and lexical tone 2. The results indicate that tone 3 sandhi am

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