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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Marking constraints"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

Última modificación: 31 de julio de 2025

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1

Chen, YuFeng, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, Chi Tin Hon, and NaiQi Wu. "Equivalent Transformation of Nonlinear Constraints to Linear Constraints in Petri Nets." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/640917.

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This paper focuses on the enforcement of nonlinear constraints in Petri nets. An integer linear programming model is formulated to transform a nonlinear constraint to a minimal number of conjunctive linear constraints that have the same admissible marking space as the nonlinear one does in Petri nets. The obtained linear constraints can be easily enforced to be satisfied by a set of control places with a place invariant based method. The control places make up a supervisor that can enforce the given nonlinear constraint. For a case that the admissible marking space decided by a nonlinear const

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2

Li, Hui Fang, and Fu Jian Feng. "Schedulability Analysis Algorithm of Timing Constraint Petri Nets." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 1810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.1810.

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A novel approach to the schedulability analysis is presented in this paper for timing constraint Petri nets, which have wide applications in the workflow management, software engineering, reliability engineering, and so on. The analysis can be conducted in two phases: finding firing sequences and timing constraint analysis, among which the first one is to find the transition sequences that transform the initial marking to a certain marking by using incidence matrix in the underlying Petri net, and the second one is to verify whether the reachable marking found in the first step is reachable wi

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3

PHUA, Chiew Pheng, and PHUA Chiew Pheng. "The double object constructions in Archaic Chinese*." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 37, no. 1 (2008): 43–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1960602808x00028.

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This article demonstrates that double object constructions in Archaic Chinese display both patterns of direct and indirect object marking (DO+IO) and primary and secondary object marking (PO+SO). We propose two constraints to account for the grammatical distribution of GIVE verbs in the double object construction with PO+SO marking in Archaic Chinese. The first constraint is syntactic and explains why verbs like xiàn ? 'offer' cannot occur in the double object construction with PO+SO marking, unless the semantic role of recipient is available for mapping onto direct object in a monotransitive

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4

Hopp, Holger, and Mayra E. León Arriaga. "Structural and inherent case in the non-native processing of Spanish: Constraints on inflectional variability." Second Language Research 32, no. 1 (2015): 75–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658315605872.

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This article reports an eye-tracking study on the native and non-native processing of case in Spanish. Twenty-four native and 27 first language (L1) German non-native speakers of Spanish were tested on their sensitivity to case marking violations involving structural case with objects of ditransitive verbs and to violations of inherent case for objects of transitive verbs (differential object marking; DOM). Both groups distinguished between grammatical and ungrammatical case marking for all sentence types in off-line acceptability judgments. In reading, however, the non-native speakers, unlike

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5

Faraj, Suhair. "Optimality Theory and Syntactic Constraints in English and Arabic Prepositional Phrases: A Comparative Analysis." International Journal for Scientific Research 2, no. 7 (2023): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2023.v2n7p4.

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This research paper aimed to investigate the syntactic constraints that govern the use of prepositional phrases in English and Arabic, using Optimality Theory (OT) framework. A set of English and Arabic sentences containing prepositional phrases were collected and analyzed for constraint violations. This study compared the syntactic structures of prepositional phrases in both languages by examining the case marking, headedness, and subject-verb agreement requirements of OT. The findings indicated that although prepositional phrases are used similarly in Arabic and English, there are also struc

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6

Amin, Nurasiah, Abdul Muhid, and Hilda Hastuti. "Revealing the Form of Constraints and Switched Points in Cewek Smart #2." Humanitatis : Journal of Language and Literature 8, no. 2 (2022): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/humanitatis.v8i2.1823.

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This reserach was done to reveal the dominant form of Constraints and Switched Points of code switching usage in Cewek Smart #2 book by Ria Fariana, which the data is taken from chapter 1 to chapter 6 of total 53 pages. To reveal the form of constraints and switched points of code switching, it was considered to use theory by Poplack about code switching, and the data were analyzed by using a qualitative method. This current research shows that there were 21 forms of constraints and switched points and there are 6 dominant forms used in the book of Cewek Smart #2, namely between Adverb and VP,

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7

de Hoop, Helen, and Andrej L. Malchukov. "Case-Marking Strategies." Linguistic Inquiry 39, no. 4 (2008): 565–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2008.39.4.565.

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Two strategies of case marking in natural languages are discussed. These are defined as two violable constraints whose effects are shown to converge in the case of differential object marking but diverge in the case of differential subject marking. The discourse prominence of the case-bearing arguments is shown to be of utmost importance for case-marking and voice alternations. The analysis of the case-marking patterns that are found crosslinguistically is couched in a bidirectional Optimality Theory analysis.

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8

Tian, Wei, Xianwang Yu, and Haohao Hu. "Interactive Attention Learning on Detection of Lane and Lane Marking on the Road by Monocular Camera Image." Sensors 23, no. 14 (2023): 6545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23146545.

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Vision-based identification of lane area and lane marking on the road is an indispensable function for intelligent driving vehicles, especially for localization, mapping and planning tasks. However, due to the increasing complexity of traffic scenes, such as occlusion and discontinuity, detecting lanes and lane markings from an image captured by a monocular camera becomes persistently challenging. The lanes and lane markings have a strong position correlation and are constrained by a spatial geometry prior to the driving scene. Most existing studies only explore a single task, i.e., either lan

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9

Bax, Anna, and Michael Diercks. "Information structure constraints on object marking in Manyika." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 30, no. 2 (2012): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2012.737596.

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10

Cameron, Richard. "Ambiguous agreement, functional compensation, and nonspecific tú in the Spanish of San Juan, Puerto Rico, and Madrid, Spain." Language Variation and Change 5, no. 3 (1993): 305–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500001526.

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ABSTRACTRichness of subject-verb agreement is implicit in the functional compensation interpretation of variable second person /-s/ in Puerto Rican Spanish (PRS). Because /-s/ is not variable in Madrid Spanish (MS), richer agreement is assumed, and a lower rate of pronominal expression is expected. Central to this interpretation are effects associated with ambiguous marking of person on finite singular verbs. Although an increase of pronominal expression correlates to ambiguous marking for PRS speakers, a similar result has not been reported for MS speakers. Nonetheless, a varbrul analysis yie

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11

Statkevych, Vitalii. "Designing Petri nets with strong place and transition anticipation for real-valued functions." System research and information technologies, no. 1 (March 29, 2024): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/srit.2308-8893.2024.1.09.

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We propose extending the classic Petri nets and considering D. Dubois’s strong anticipation in two ways. We propose to add a new term into a transition rule that contains a real-valued function of a new marking in a certain place (strong place anticipation) or of a new marking in the input place of a certain transition (an example of strong transition anticipation). Any integer constraints are not applied either to the weight function or to the marking in contrast to the classic Petri nets (as in continuous Petri nets). The execution of the mentioned nets is investigated, and important propert

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12

Plug, Leendert. "Discourse constraints on prosodic marking in lexical replacement repair." Journal of Pragmatics 87 (October 2015): 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2015.07.005.

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13

Mir, Shahid Hussain, and Ayaz Afsar. "The pronunciation constraints of syllable stress-coloration in Pakistani English." Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS) 5, no. 1 (2024): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/5.1.2.

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Pakistani English speakers struggle with pronunciation issues due to unfamiliarity with the morphological and phonological aspects of the English language. The challenging aspect of teaching English pronunciation in an ESL environment in Pakistan is pronunciation. The study looks at Pakistani ESL students' pronunciation problems and aims to pinpoint Pakistani English speakers’ pronunciation issues in an ESL setting. This is a descriptive study, and information from ten ESL students is acquired through recording. The study uses the PRAAT as a framework for data analysis and points to the syllab

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14

Daleszynska-Slater, Agata, Miriam Meyerhoff, and James A. Walker. "Order in the creole speech community." Language Ecology 3, no. 1 (2019): 58–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/le.17007.dal.

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Abstract Creolists and variationists often conceptualize variation in multilectal speech communities as a continuum of linearly ordered linguistic features. Using the variationist comparative method, we analyze variation in past tense marking in a creole speech community (Bequia, St Vincent and the Grenadines), comparing across groups of speakers (communities and age-groups) in terms of frequencies of past-marking, language-internal constraints on past-marking and the ranking of factors within those constraints. Based on these multiple lines of evidence, the analysis shows that placing groups

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15

Tuckfield, John. "Marking Latin Unseen Translations." Journal of Classics Teaching 19, no. 38 (2018): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2058631018000223.

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The unseen translation - translation of a passage of Latin that the student has not seen before, under constraints of time and with limited access to resources - is a persistent element of Latin courses, especially at school level. It is present in A Level courses in England (for example, OCR 2017), in the Scottish Highers (SQA, 2017), in the New Zealand curriculum (NZQA, 2017), and in Australia (VCAA, 2004; Board of Studies, 2009), to name but a few examples. In Victoria, courses have undergone various changes in the last 30 years, but the unseen has remained a constant: there seems to be a c

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16

Laleko, Oksana, and Maria Polinsky. "Marking Topic or Marking Case: A Comparative Investigation of Heritage Japanese and Heritage Korean." Heritage Language Journal 10, no. 2 (2013): 178–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.10.2.3.

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In this paper, we examine the relationship between grammatical and discourse-related domains of linguistic organization in heritage speakers by comparing their knowledge of categories mediated at different structural levels: grammatical case marking, which is mediated within the structure of the clause, and the marking of information structure, grammatically mediated at the syntax-discourse interface. To this end, we examine the knowledge of case and topic particles in heritage speakers and L2 learners of Japanese and Korean as assessed through a series of rating tasks. We find that heritage s

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17

Assmann, Muriel, Daniel Büring, Izabela Jordanoska, and Max Prüller. "Focus constraints on ellipsis - an unalternatives account." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 60 (January 1, 2018): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.60.2018.457.

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This paper presents a new account of the generalization that focused elements cannotbe elided, framed within Unalternative Semantics, a framework that does away with syntacticF-marking. We propose the mirror image of the generalization: what is elided cannot introducealternatives. We implement this as a focus restriction in UAS and then go on to show howto account for MAXELIDE effects using the same technique, without making reference to anytransderivational constraints.Keywords: focus, ellipsis, alternative semantics, unalternative semantics, MaxElide, secondaryfocus.

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18

Scherre, Maria Marta Pereira, and Anthony J. Naro. "The serial effect on internal and external variables." Language Variation and Change 4, no. 1 (1992): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000636.

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ABSTRACTExamination of three variable concord phenomena in spoken Portuguese of Rio de Janeiro (noun phrase, subject/predicate adjective, subject/verb) demonstrates that the most consistent and strongest variable constraint on the use of concord is the discourse level serial (or parallel processing) effect, that is, a preference for similar forms to co-occur in sections of discourse, even if this results in redundancy or lack of economy. Given the strength of this constraint, we separated the data into two subsets such that one contains only serial occurrences, where parallel processing can op

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19

Nakamura, Wataru. "An Optimality-Theoretic Account of the Japanese Case System." Studies in Language 23, no. 3 (1999): 597–649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.23.3.06nak.

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This paper provides an Optimality-Theoretic account of the Japanese case system within the framework of Role and Reference Grammar [RRG] (Van Valin 1993; Van Valin and LaPolla 1997). It is shown that a particular ranking of universal constraints may accommodate not only the regular case marking patterns of Japanese, but the irregular ones displayed by inversion, causative, and a variety of double-nominative constructions. Finally, it is suggested that characterizing case systems in terms of the way universal constrainst are ranked opens up a way to a principled typology of case systems.

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20

Shain, Cory, and Judith Tonhauser. "The synchrony and diachrony of differential object marking in Paraguayan Guaraní." Language Variation and Change 22, no. 3 (2010): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394510000153.

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AbstractThis paper explores the synchrony and diachrony of differential object marking in Paraguayan Guaraní on the basis of a quantitative study of a corpus of naturally occurring data of the modern language and an investigation of object marking in a 17th-century catechism. We show that both animacy and topicality, but not definiteness, affect whether a direct object is marked in modern Guaraní, a finding that has implications for cross-linguistic theories of differential object marking, not all of which recognize topicality as a factor. We also find no categorical constraints on differentia

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21

Anderson, Evan M. "A Marking Heuristic for Materials in a Shared Print Agreement." Library Resources & Technical Services 61, no. 1 (2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.61n1.04.

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Shared print agreements are increasingly being used to account for space and budgetary constraints. However, there is a dearth of information in both the literature and in the available program documentation regarding quotidian, yet essential, practicalities such as additional physical marking of materials that have been committed to be retained. This paper argues for the necessity of specific program-based marking on the basis of levels of access stipulated by agreements, that traditional rationales for marking are still relevant, and that these rationales are subject to the contexts of speci

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22

Major, Tom. "Marking the un-markable: visible implant elastomer in wild juvenile snakes." Herpetological Journal, Volume 30, Number 3 (July 1, 2020): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33256/hj30.3.173176.

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Marking individuals is a key component of many ecological studies, but with some animals, such as juvenile snakes, it has proven problematic because of size constraints. This impedes our understanding of their habits in the wild. We marked juvenile Aesculapian snakes (Zamenis longissimus) in North Wales with visible implant elastomer (VIE), and recaptured them the following season. Our results demonstrate that the use of VIE is an effective marking method for small snakes, negating the need for tissue removal when marking. We suggest it represents a promising development in the ecological stud

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23

ÖZÇALIŞKAN, ŞEYDA. "Ways of crossing a spatial boundary in typologically distinct languages." Applied Psycholinguistics 36, no. 2 (2013): 485–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716413000325.

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ABSTRACTExpression of spatial motion shows wide variation as well as patterned regularities across the world's languages (Talmy, 2000), and events involving the traversal of a spatial boundary impose the tightest typological constraints in the lexicalization of motion, providing a true test of cross-linguistic differences. Speakers of verb-framed languages are required by their language not to use manner verbs in marking the change of location across boundaries (Aske, 1989). Here we test the strength of the boundary-crossing constraint and ask how speakers convey motion events when the constra

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24

Becker, Roland, and Shipeng Mao. "Quasi-optimality of an Adaptive Finite Element Method for an Optimal Control Problem." Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 11, no. 2 (2011): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cmam-2011-0006.

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Abstract We prove quasi-optimality of an adaptive finite element algorithm for a model problem of optimal control including control constraints. The quasi-optimility expresses the fact that the decrease of error with respect to the number of mesh cells is optimal up to a constant. The considered algorithm is based on an adaptive marking strategy which compares a standard residualtype a posteriori error estimator with a data approximation term in each step of the algorithm in order to adapt the marking of cells.

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25

ATLI, M., A. SAVA, Z. ACHOUR, and N. REZG. "Control Synthesis for Partially Controlled Marked Graph Subject to Marking Exclusion Constraints." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43, no. 8 (2010): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20100712-3-fr-2020.00029.

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26

Roy, Joseph, Janna B. Oetting, and Christy Wynn Moland. "Linguistic Constraints on Children's Overt Marking of BE by Dialect and Age." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 56, no. 3 (2013): 933–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2012/12-0099).

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27

SANDE, HANNAH. "Phonologically determined nominal concord as post-syntactic: Evidence from Guébie." Journal of Linguistics 55, no. 4 (2018): 831–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226718000476.

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This paper brings novel data to bear on whether nominal concord relationships are formed in the narrow syntax or post-syntactically. In Guébie, a Kru language spoken in Côte d’Ivoire, nominal concord marking on non-human pronouns and adjectives is determined not by syntactic or semantic features of the concord-triggering noun, but by the phonological form of the noun. Specifically, concord marking on pronouns and adjectives surfaces as a vowel with the same backness features as the vowels of the head noun. Assuming that syntax is phonology-free (Pullum & Zwicky 1986, 1988), the fact that w

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28

Poplack, Shana, and Sali Tagliamonte. "There's no tense like the present: Verbal -s inflection in early Black English." Language Variation and Change 1, no. 1 (1989): 47–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000119.

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ABSTRACTThis article contributes to the understanding of the origin and function of verbal -s marking in the Black English grammar by systematically examining the behaviour of this affix in two corpora on early Black English. To ascertain whether the variation observed in (early and modern Black English) -s usage has a precedent in the history of the language, or is rather an intrusion from another system, we focus particularly on the linguistic and social contexts of its occurrence, within a historical and comparative perspective. Our results show that both third person singular and nonconcor

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29

Bagasheva, Alexandra. "An Upper Take on Doubler-Uppers." Languages 9, no. 3 (2024): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9030091.

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Against the background of comparatively insufficient, expressly dedicated studies on double particle verb person nominalisations, this paper offers a qualitative, cognitive-constructionist approach to the properties of doubler-upper nominalisations of particle verbs in English and a reappraisal of some of the available analyses thereof. On the assumption of the validity of the flexicon stance on the organisation of words in the human mind, and on the basis of a preliminary semantic analysis of 300 types of doubler-upper nouns extracted from two corpora and Urban Dictionary, it is claimed that

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30

Rodríguez-Ordóñez, Itxaso. "Reexamining Differential Object Marking as a Linguistic Contact-Phenomenon in Gernika Basque." Journal of Language Contact 10, no. 2 (2017): 318–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01002004.

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The present study aims to show that Basque Differential Object Marking (dom) is the result of intense contact with the Basque-Spanish Leísta Dialect (bld) and to determine the process by which Basque dom is a contact feature. Following theories of contact-induced phenomena in variationist sociolinguistics (Poplack and Levey, 2010), theories of dom (Aissen, 2003) and grammaticalization theory (Heine and Kuteva, 2005), the speech of 29 native speakers of Gernika Basque are examined, stratified by age and language dominance. Results from oral data show that animacy and specificity are the stronge

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31

Knop, Krzysztof. "Elimination of constraints in the production process of power equipment components and the analysis of the resulting benefits." Production Engineering Archives 24, no. 24 (2019): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2019.24.09.

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Abstract The article presents the results regarding the elimination of constraints in the production process of a power equipment subassembly, a boiler chamber, together with an analysis of the benefits resulting from this, both financial and non-financial. The significance of bottlenecks in the production process, ways of its identification and limitations - in general - are presented. The article is a case-study of an attempt to eliminate the bottleneck in the production process of the boiler chamber, which turned out to be the process of drilling and marking-off, and work stations represent

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32

Irimia, Monica Alexandrina. "Oblique differential object marking and types of nominals." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 66, no. 4 (2021): 486–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2021.28.

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AbstractThe question of whether differentially marked objects should be linked with Case licensing or some other mechanism in the grammar has given rise to numerous debates. Addressing contexts of differential object marking (DOM) with oblique morphology, this article shows that, while the Case licensing approach might be adequate for varieties of Spanish, oblique differential marking rather signals an independent licensing operation, beyond Case, in languages like Romanian, Gujarati or Mandarin Chinese. This additional mechanism, relevant at the syntax-semantics-pragmatics interface, tracks t

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33

Nesrine, Ben Afia, Amari Said, and Messaoud Hassani. "Switching models and control of Petri Nets with shared resources under marking constraints." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 35, no. 2 (2021): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192x.2021.1972463.

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Meinhardt, Günter, and Malte Persike. "The preview benefit in single-feature and conjunction search: Constraints of visual marking." Journal of Vision 15, no. 13 (2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.13.13.

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Bobyleva, Ekaterina. "Variable plural marking in Jamaican Patwa and Tok Pisin: A linguistic perspective." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 56, no. 1 (2011): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100001742.

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AbstractThis article is concerned with plural marking in two English-lexified creoles, Jamaican Patwa and Tok Pisin. In addition to bare plurals, these creoles possess two overt strategies of plural marking—a free-standing morpheme and the suffix -s. The analytic and inflectional plural markers occur according to different linguistic constraints. It appears that the creoles use two conceptually and typologically different number marking systems — that of set noun languages, based on the opposition between singleton and collective sets, and that of singular object noun languages, based on the o

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36

Tebani, Karima, and Said Amari. "Min-Plus realizable control design for partially observable timed event graphs under marking constraints." European Journal of Control 57 (January 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcon.2020.12.002.

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37

Tebani, Karima, Said Amari, and Redouane Kara. "State‐Feedback Control for a Class of Timed Petri Nets Subject to Marking Constraints." Asian Journal of Control 21, no. 2 (2018): 934–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asjc.1787.

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38

Falaschi, Moreno, Maurizio Gabbrielli, Carlos Olarte, and Catuscia Palamidessi. "Dynamic Slicing for Concurrent Constraint Languages." Fundamenta Informaticae 177, no. 3-4 (2020): 331–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2020-1992.

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Concurrent Constraint Programming (CCP) is a declarative model for concurrency where agents interact by telling and asking constraints (pieces of information) in a shared store. Some previous works have developed (approximated) declarative debuggers for CCP languages. However, the task of debugging concurrent programs remains difficult. In this paper we define a dynamic slicer for CCP (and other language variants) and we show it to be a useful companion tool for the existing debugging techniques. We start with a partial computation (a trace) that shows the presence of bugs. Often, the quantity

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39

Fritz, Raphael, and Ping Zhang. "Fault-tolerant tracking control of petri nets." at - Automatisierungstechnik 66, no. 1 (2018): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2017-0090.

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Abstract In this paper, the fault-tolerant tracking control of petri nets is considered. The control aim is to steer a petri net in case of faults from an initial marking into a destination marking by an appropriate firing sequence. Sensor, actuator and process faults in the plant are modeled based on four types of faulty transitions. Depending on the characteristics of the faults, two approaches are proposed to handle the faults. The tracking control problem is realized by solving two integer linear programming problems. This two-step approach reduces the computational effort significantly. F

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40

Muranaka-Vuletich, Hiromi. "Violations of the basic Japanese referential system in reintroductions." Journal of Japanese Linguistics 40, no. 1 (2024): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jjl-2024-2002.

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Abstract Referential systems are language specific, and the Japanese referential system is achieved by using grammatical particles (wa and ga) as well as ellipsis. While there are basic patterns, violations of these patterns commonly occur. This study examined the reasons why violations could occur by focusing on reintroductions. The data were collected from ten oral narratives and five written narratives. The results demonstrated that grammatical constraints and additional functions constituted the two main reasons why the most expected referential markings were not used. Other observed facto

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41

Patrick, Peter L. "Creoles at the intersection of variable processes: -t,d deletion and past-marking in the Jamaican mesolect." Language Variation and Change 3, no. 2 (1991): 171–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095439450000051x.

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ABSTRACT-t,d deletion is a well-known variable phonological process subject to the influence of both external social factors and internal structural constraints, including phonetic environmental and morphosyntactic effects. Its profile of variation has been widely investigated in American English dialects. However, it interacts with another grammatical process – the regular affixation of final /-t, -d/ as a past-tense marker – that strongly distinguishes these dialects from English-related creoles, where past-marking by this mechanism is infrequent or non-occurrent. Investigation of -t,d delet

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MARTEN, LUTZ, and HANNAH GIBSON. "Structure building and thematic constraints in Bantu inversion constructions." Journal of Linguistics 52, no. 3 (2015): 565–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226715000298.

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Bantu inversion constructions include locative inversion, patient inversion (also called subject–object reversal), semantic locative inversion and instrument inversion. The constructions show a high level of cross-linguistic variation, but also a core of invariant shared morphosyntactic and information structural properties. These include: that the preverbal position is filled by a non-agent NP triggering verbal agreement, that the agent follows the verb obligatorily, that object marking is disallowed, and that the preverbal NP is more topical, and the postverbal NP more focal. While previous

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Lo, Yi-Cheng, Tsung-Lin Tsai, Chieh-Wen Yang, and An-Yeu Wu. "An Efficient Anomalous Sound Detection System for Microcontrollers." Sensors 24, no. 23 (2024): 7478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24237478.

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Anomalous Sound Detection (ASD) systems are pivotal in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Through the early detection of machines’ anomalies, these systems facilitate proactive maintenance, thereby mitigating potential losses. Although prior studies have improved system accuracy using various advanced machine learning technologies, they frequently neglect the associated substantial computing and storage demands, which are crucial in resource-constrained IIoT environments. In this paper, we propose an ASD system that is efficiently optimized for both software and hardware considerations

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Vezzosi, Letizia. "John his book vs. John's book : possession marking in English." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 15 (January 1, 2000): 168–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.15.2000.27.

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The unusual development of the PDE [present-day English] s-genitive can be historically motivated, if the 's form is supposed to be not a mere leftover of the Old English (henceforth OE) casemarking, but the outcome of the merging of two patterns: the inflectional genitive ending (levelled to -s) and the construction "John his book" (henceforth 'possessive-linked genitive') during the Middle and the Early Modem English phases.  As my corpus analysis will show, the semantic and syntactic constraints ruling the occurrence of the 's pattern in the time interval of the rise of the 's-p

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Pfau, Roland, and Markus Steinbach. "Optimal reciprocals in German Sign Language." Sign Language and Linguistics 6, no. 1 (2003): 3–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.6.1.03pfa.

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Unlike most spoken languages, German Sign Language (DGS) does not have a single means of reciprocal marking. Rather, different strategies are used, which crucially depend on phonological (one-handed sign vs. two-handed sign) and morphosyntactic (plain verb vs. agreement verb) properties of the underlying verb. Moreover, with plain verbs DGS shows dialectal variation. Altogether there are four different ways of realizing reciprocal marking in DGS. In this paper, we compare a rule-based analysis for the reciprocal data (based on Brentari’s 1998 feature hierarchy) to an optimality-theoretic analy

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Callahan, Erin. "Interlanguage and Cross-Generational Assimilation: Past Tense Unmarking in Hispanicized English." Journal of English Linguistics 45, no. 2 (2017): 103–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424217702948.

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This study analyzes an emerging variety of North Carolina Hispanicized English in terms of the grammatical variable of past tense marking. It compares variation in Durham, North Carolina, Hispanicized English at increasing lengths of residency to generational varieties of Hispanicized English in a comparison sample, another contact-influenced ethnic variety of English, spoken by a longstanding Chicano community in south Texas. In this way, it tests the hypothesis that interlanguage (socio)linguistic development may in fact recapitulate generational changes in different sociodemographic speech

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Tagliamonte, Sali A., Alexandra D'Arcy, and Bridget Jankowski. "Social work and linguistic systems: Marking possession in Canadian English." Language Variation and Change 22, no. 1 (2010): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394510000050.

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AbstractThe system of stative possession has been subject to variation and change since at least the Early Modern period, with have got rising in frequency in British and Antipodean varieties of English. In Canadian English, as represented by data from the largest city, Toronto, have predominates. Nonetheless, the full set of constraints previously reported for this variable are operative, corroborating the longitudinal maintenance of linguistic factors across time and space (Kroch, 1989). At the same time, variation among possessive forms is conditioned by robust sociolinguistic patterns. Hav

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Montgomery, Michael, Janet M. Fuller, and Sharon DeMarse. "“The black men has wives and Sweet harts [and third person plural -s] Jest like the white men”: Evidence for verbal -s from written documents on 19th-century African American speech." Language Variation and Change 5, no. 3 (1993): 335–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500001538.

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ABSTRACTThe analysis of letters written by 19th-century African Americans shows constraints on verbal -s marking which parallel those found in the writing of Scotch-Irish immigrants in the same time period and region, specifically a subject type constraint and a proximity to subject constraint. This correlation is highly suggestive for the study of the development of African American Vernacular English (AAVE). This study finds no support for a basis from a creole or from Standard English for AAVE in verbal concord and concludes that some, perhaps many, African Americans used varieties of Engli

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Sello, Queen M., Dimitar M. Totev, Rose Kgosiemang, and Yaqiang Liu. "Computer Assessment for Secondary School Tests." COMPUSOFT: An International Journal of Advanced Computer Technology 02, no. 11 (2013): 350–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14613445.

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Secondary school tests are very important component of the student’s assessment process and their frequency is directly related to the success of year examinations. On the other hand, the number of students could restrict the frequency of tests that is not desirable in terms of quality educations. Obviously such a dilemma is a challenging methodological and technological problem. In such cases a Multiple Choice test paper could be the only feasible solution, taking into account staff and time constraints. There are a few ways of marking such papers, mainly: a fully manual procedure with

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Xiao, Jinsheng, Wenxin Xiong, Yuan Yao, Liang Li, and Reinhard Klette. "Lane Detection Algorithm Based on Road Structure and Extended Kalman Filter." International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 12, no. 2 (2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdcf.2020040101.

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Lane detection still demonstrates low accuracy and missing robustness when recorded markings are interrupted by strong light or shadows or missing marking. This article proposes a new algorithm using a model of road structure and an extended Kalman filter. The region of interest is set according to the vanishing point. First, an edge-detection operator is used to scan horizontal pixels and calculate edge-strength values. The corresponding straight line is detected by line parameters voted by edge points. From the edge points and lane mark candidates extracted above, and other constraints, thes

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