Artículos de revistas: "Martech"

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Łapińska, Magdalena. "MarTech — Marketing Technology a rozwój platform SaaS do automatyzacji marketingu". Marketing i Rynek 2019, n.º 3 (20 de marzo de 2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33226/1231-7853.2019.3.2.

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Larroque, J., S. Ruette, J. M. Vandel y S. Devillard. "Home-range size and fidelity of two sympatric Martes species". Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2018): 1272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0290.

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Determining variation in home-range behavior and the factors shaping this variation is crucial to better understand the biology of species and thus improve their management and conservation. We investigated age and sex variations in the home-range and core-area sizes, as well as fidelity to home range, of the stone marten (Martes foina (Erxleben, 1777)) and the European pine marten (Martes martes (Linnaeus, 1758)) in a rural area (Bresse, France) over several seasons. As expected, pine martens had larger home ranges and core areas than stone martens. Sex differences were also evidenced in both species in accordance with the typical mustelid pattern of socio-spatial organization. Beyond these differences, we found that both species responded to seasonal changes by adjusting seasonally the locations rather than their home-range and core-area sizes, especially stone martens. This difference might come from the higher intensity of perturbation in the preferred habitat of stone martens (human buildings), which explains why stone martens showed lower fidelity than pine martens.

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Moruzzi, Trina L., Kimberly J. Royar, Clayton Grove, Robert T. Brooks, Christopher Bernier, Frank L. Thompson, Richard M. DeGraaf y Todd K. Fuller. "Assessing an American Marten, Martes americana, Reintroduction in Vermont". Canadian Field-Naturalist 117, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2003): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v117i2.681.

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During October-December 1989-1991, biologists from the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department and the USDA Forest Service reintroduced 115 (88 male, 27 female) American Martens (Martes americana) into the southern half of the Green Mountain National Forest. During the years of release, brief radio-contact was made with 9 of the 13 (8 male, 5 female) radiocollared animals, and several of these may have established residency. Results of winter track count surveys suggested the presence of at least four Martens in 1990. During winter 1994-1995, Trailmaster® cameras and boxed camera systems detected Martens at two, and Fishers (Martes pennanti) at 11, of 20 sites. During winter 1997-1998, Fishers were detected at 37 of 47 boxed camera sites, but no Martens were detected. During summer 1997 and 1998, no Marten photos were recorded at 285 pressure-plate camera stations in a larger area that included all Marten release sites. Although post-release monitoring may have been insufficient to definitively confirm Marten presence, results from the 1997 and 1998 camera surveys indicate that a viable population of Martens was not established in southern Vermont, perhaps due to competition with Fishers.

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Tavernier, P., K. Baert, M. Van de Bildt, T. Kuiken, A. Cay, S. Maes, S. Roels, J. Gouwy y K. Van Den Berge. "A distemper outbreak in beech martens (Martes foina) in Flanders". Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 81, n.º 2 (27 de abril de 2012): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v81i2.18362.

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An outbreak of distemper was observed in beech martens (Martes foina) in the eastern part of Flanders (Belgium) for the first time. The clinical and pathological findings were consistent with other outbreaks described in mustelids in Europe. Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, morbillivirus RNA was detected in an organ homogenate inoculated on Vero.dogSLAM cells. The virus was sequenced and was identified as a canine distemper virus (CDV) strain, hundred percent identical to an earlier isolate from a marten from Germany. After a period of nearly complete absence of beech martens in Flanders due to intensive prosecution, their population density has increased substantially in the last decennia. Although the exact mechanisms behind the observed population changes stay unclear, spread of CDV from central Europe following dispersion of beech martens is indicated by our findings. Further CDV spread could negatively impact on the highly threatened pine marten (Martes martes) and the decreasing polecat (Mustela putorius) populations in Flanders.

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Goszczyński, Jacek, Maciej Posłuszny, Małgorzata Pilot y Barbara Gralak. "Patterns of winter locomotion and foraging in two sympatric marten species: Martes martes and Martes foina". Canadian Journal of Zoology 85, n.º 2 (febrero de 2007): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-212.

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Modes of area searching and exploratory behaviour of the sympatric pine marten, Martes martes (L., 1758), and stone marten, Martes foina (Erxleben, 1777), were studied by snow-tracking in two regions of Poland. The accuracy of identifications of the two species on the basis of their snow tracks was assessed by DNA analysis of their faeces, as collected on the tracks; identifications were found to be correct in 88% of cases. Although most activities of the two species were concentrated on the forest floor, pine martens climbed trees, moved in tree crowns, and searched the bases of tree trunks and tree hollows more frequently than stone martens. In contrast, stone martens were more inclined to search for food in brushwood and piles of wood, and visited logged areas and garbage dumps more frequently. Pine martens avoided man-made objects and barriers such as roads and passed through open areas with reluctance. Such behavioural traits make this species particularly vulnerable to forest fragmentation and human activity in forests. Stone martens often explored woodless areas and inhabited buildings, which allowed them to use habitats substantially transformed and intensively explored by humans. The future coexistence and relative numbers of the two martens in forest habitats will depend on the mode of forest management and on the existence of effective migratory corridors connecting forest patches.

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Dubruiel, Amy, James E. Woodford y David M. MacFarland. "Documentation of infanticide in American Marten (Martes americana)". Canadian Field-Naturalist 127, n.º 2 (29 de octubre de 2013): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v127i2.1449.

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Reports of male American Martens (Martes americana) interacting with pre-weaned kits are limited. During the post-release monitoring of American Martens translocated from Minnesota to northwestern Wisconsin in 2008–2010, we documented a male American Marten without a radio-collar ascending a den tree of a radio-collared female in 2011 and removing two pre-weaned kits. The female’s movements immediately became unrestricted after the removal. We also documented two events where an uncollared male American Marten was at the den tree before and after the kit removal. Only female American Martens have been reported to provide care for kits. Visual inspection of the remote camera photographs suggests that all three events likely involved the same uncollared male American Marten. This is the first record of a male American Marten killing pre-weaned kits.

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Krohn, William B., Kenneth D. Elowe y Randall B. Boone. "Relations among fishers, snow, and martens: Development and evaluation of two hypotheses". Forestry Chronicle 71, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 1995): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71097-1.

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Literature about the fisher (Martes pennanti) contains the following contradictions: (1) the species is an old-growth specialist versus a forest generalist, and (2) it lives with marten (M. americana) with minimal interaction versus densities of the two species are inversely related. These contradictions beg the questions of what is fisher habitat and does habitat affect the interactions of the two Martes. These questions were examined by analyzing the distributions of fishers (n = 15,549) and martens (n = 40,516) harvested in Maine, 1980–1987. This period was chosen because it had relatively stable pelt prices that were believed to result in harvests reflecting population occurrences. The spatial distribution of mean harvests of fisher and marten were compared to each other, and to snowfall distribution and frequency throughout Maine, 1980–1987. Martens were common only in northwestern Maine and were associated with frequent (monthly [Formula: see text]) and deep (total monthly [Formula: see text]) snowfalls, December–March. Fishers were rare in northwestern Maine but were common throughout the rest of the state where snowfalls were less frequent. We hypothesize that regular accumulations of deep snow reduce the fisher's fitness (via decreasing recruitment, survival, or both), resulting in a low abundance in northwestern Maine. In addition, we hypothesize that martens are rare in southern Maine due to competition from a dense fisher population. These hypotheses were evaluated by looking at patterns in age and recruitment ratios of fishers (n = 2,706) and martens (n = 5,572) harvested in core and non-core habitats for each species, 1980–1984. We found low indices of fisher recruitment (P <0.001) in the marten's core habitat consistent with the hypothesis that deep and frequent snowfalls limit fishers. Few adult martens were harvested (P <0.001) in the core habitats of fisher, consistent with our hypothesis that high fisher densities limit marten populations. Assuming our hypothesis on fisher–snow relations is true, and given that canopy closure affects snow accumulation, fisher habitats deserve more consideration in forest management in regions with frequent powder-snowfalls, fragmented forests, or both. We acknowledge, however, that both of our hypotheses (i.e., snow limits fisher and fisher limit marten) need direct testing because association does not prove causation. Key words: fisher, forestry, habitat, interspecific relations, Maine, Martes pennanti, Martes americana, marten, snow

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Fisher, Rochelle, Frederick F. Gilbert y Jack D. Robinette. "Heart rate as an indicator of oxygen consumption in the pine marten (Martes americana)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1987): 2085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-319.

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Telemetered heart rate was examined as an indicator of oxygen consumption in eight adult pine marten (Martes americana). Martens were exercised on a treadmill in a metabolic chamber at three speeds while heart rate and oxygen consumption were monitored. High correlation coefficients were exhibited for individual experimental sessions. The overall correlaton coefficient between oxygen consumption and heart rate for all 51 experiments was 0.75. We observed a linear regression of oxygen consumption on heart rate for all marten. Regression lines for individual martens were tested for similarity to each other by analysis of covariance and were found to be significantly different. Daily variation within a particular marten was examined by using analysis of covariance. Three martens had daily regression lines similar in slope. All intercepts differed. The variability of regression lines and the appropriateness of using heart rate to predict oxygen consumption in the marten are discussed.

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Balestrieri, A., A. Mosini, F. Fonda, M. Piana, P. Tirozzi, A. Ruiz-González, E. Capelli et al. "Spatial ecology of the stone marten in an Alpine area: combining camera-trapping and genetic surveys". Mammal Research 66, n.º 2 (24 de marzo de 2021): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13364-021-00564-9.

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AbstractA species’ potential distribution can be modelled adequately only if no factor other than habitat availability affects its occurrences. Space use by stone marten Martes foina is likely to be affected by interspecific competition with the strictly related pine marten Martes martes, the latter being able to outcompete the first species in forested habitats. Hence, to point out the environmental factors which determine the distribution and density of the stone marten, a relatively understudied mesocarnivore, we applied two non-invasive survey methods, camera-trapping and faecal-DNA based genetic analysis, in an Alpine area where the pine marten was deemed to be absent (Val Grande National Park N Italy). Camera trapping was conducted from October 2014 to November 2015, using up to 27 cameras. Marten scats were searched for between July and November 2015 and, to assess density, in spring 2017. Species identification was accomplished by a PCR-RFLP method, while 17 autosomal microsatellites were used for individual identification. The stone marten occurred in all available habitats (83% of trapping sites and 73.2% of scats); nonetheless, habitat suitability, as assessed using MaxEnt, depended on four major land cover variables—rocky grasslands, rocks and debris, beech forests and chestnut forests—, martens selecting forests and avoiding open rocky areas. Sixteen individuals were identified, of which 14 related to each other, possibly forming six different groups. Using capwire estimators, density was assessed as 0.95 (0.7–1.3) ind/km2. In the study area, the widespread stone marten selected forested areas, attaining density values like those reported for the pine marten in northern Europe and suggesting that patterns of habitat selection may depend on the relative abundance of the two competing martens.

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Bowman, J. C., J. F. Robitaille y W. R. Watt. "Northeastern Ontario Forest Ecosystem Classification as a tool for managing marten habitat". Forestry Chronicle 72, n.º 5 (1 de octubre de 1996): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc72529-5.

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In northeastern Ontario, the Forest Ecosystem Classification (NE-FEC) system has been used in a Habitat Suitability Matrix (NE-HSM) for forest wildlife. This paper examines whether American martens (Martes americana) responded significantly to different NE-FEC Site Types, and compares this response with suitability values in the NE-HSM. Use of Site Types by martens deviated significantly from availability; Site Type 5 (black spruce) was preferred and Site Type 7 (hardwood) was avoided. In general, the NE-HSM was consistent with field results; but it was concluded that some adjustments should be made to the suitability values for martens in the Northeastern Ontario Forest Habitat Suitability Matrix. Key words: Forest ecosystem classification, habitat suitability matrix, marten, Martes americana

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Drew, Gary S. y John A. Bissonette. "Winter activity patterns of American martens (Martes americana): rejection of the hypothesis of thermal-cost minimization". Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1997): 812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-103.

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Despite their temperate to subarctic geographic range, American martens (Martes americana) possess a thermally inefficient morphology. The lack of morphological adaptations for reducing thermal costs suggests that marten may use behavioral strategies to optimize thermal budgets. During the winters of 1989–1990 and 1990–1991, we radio-collared and monitored the diel activity of 7 martens. A log-linear model suggested that the presence or absence of light was the only factor associated with marten activity patterns (p < 0.001). A regression of the percentage of active fixes on ambient temperature failed to detect an association (b = −4.45, p = 0.084, n = 12). Contents of marten scats suggested that their activity was consistent with the prey-vulnerability hypothesis. While martens must balance multiple life requisites, their activity patterns suggest that they accept increased thermal costs in order to increase foraging efficiency. However, the nocturnal activity of martens during winter was also consistent with the hypothesis that they may be able to limit their own exposure to predation risk. The nocturnal habits of Newfoundland martens in the winter were consistent with the hypothesis of avoidance of predation risk.

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Paragi, Thomas F., W. N. Johnson, Donald D. Katnik y Audrey J. Magoun. "Marten selection of postfire seres in the Alaskan taiga". Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 1996): 2226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-253.

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During 1991 – 1994 we tested whether martens (Martes americana) selectively used postfire seres in the Alaskan taiga and whether selection could be explained by differences in marten hunting behaviour, habitat, prey abundance, or demography. Forest seral stages included early-successional tall shrub – sapling (1985 burn), midsuccessional dense tree (1966 burn), and mature coniferous (100–115 years old). Most studies of marten – habitat relationships from lower latitudes suggest that martens require coniferous forest and avoid open areas. We found that martens did not select forest cover types or burn features at the stand scale (within the home range). However, marten abundance was greatest in the 1985 burn, which had the lowest canopy cover but the highest coarse woody debris density, autumn arvicoline biomass, and winter hunting intensity (index to foraging suitability). Martens in the 1985 burn were predominantly juvenile, with few adult (≥2 years old) females present. We hypothesize that our study area of predominantly early – midsuccessional forest was a "sink" for immature and transient martens dispersing from surrounding mature forest. If our hypothesis is correct and applies elsewhere in the taiga, then fur trapping for martens in recent burns could be a productive yet conservative harvest strategy. Future research should focus on habitat requirements of parturient females.

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Torretta, E., A. Mosini, M. Piana, P. Tirozzi, M. Serafini, F. Puopolo, N. Saino y A. Balestrieri. "Time partitioning in mesocarnivore communities from different habitats of NW Italy: insights into martens’ competitive abilities". Behaviour 154, n.º 2 (2017): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003420.

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Most studies focused on species coexistence have been directed at the differential use of habitat and food resources; nonetheless, the differential use of the diel cycle may enhance the coexistence of same-sized species. We investigated the activity patterns of mesocarnivores (red fox (Vulpes vulpes), European badger (Meles meles), pine marten (Martes martes), stone marten (M. foina)) in NW Italy via camera-trapping. We hypothesized that the smallest species would tend to avoid competition by selecting time periods when larger species were less active. Foxes, badgers, and stone martens were mainly nocturnal. In lowland areas overlap between coexisting species was generally low, while in Mediterranean habitats all activity patterns tended to be unimodal and overlap was generally high. The pine marten showed a cathemeral pattern. We suggest that the lower ability of the stone marten to avoid interference competition at community-level may play a major role in determining its widespread exclusion from forested areas by the pine marten.

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Moriarty, Katie M., Joel Thompson, Matthew Delheimer, Brent R. Barry, Mark Linnell, Taal Levi, Keith Hamm et al. "Predicted distribution of a rare and understudied forest carnivore: Humboldt marten (Martes caurina humboldtensis)". PeerJ 9 (21 de julio de 2021): e11670. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11670.

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Background Many mammalian species have experienced range contractions. Following a reduction in distribution that has resulted in apparently small and disjunct populations, the Humboldt marten (Martes caurina humboldtensis) was recently designated as federally Threatened and state Endangered. This subspecies of Pacific marten occurring in coastal Oregon and northern California, also known as coastal martens, appear unlike martens that occur in snow-associated regions in that vegetation associations appear to differ widely between Humboldt marten populations. We expected current distributions represent realized niches, but estimating factors associated with long-term occurrence was challenging for this rare and little-known species. Here, we assessed the predicted contemporary distribution of Humboldt martens and interpret our findings as hypotheses correlated with the subspecies’ niche to inform strategic conservation actions. Methods We modeled Humboldt marten distribution using a maximum entropy (Maxent) approach. We spatially-thinned 10,229 marten locations collected from 1996–2020 by applying a minimum distance of 500-m between locations, resulting in 384 locations used to assess correlations of marten occurrence with biotic and abiotic variables. We independently optimized the spatial scale of each variable and focused development of model variables on biotic associations (e.g., hypothesized relationships with forest conditions), given that abiotic factors such as precipitation are largely static and not alterable within a management context. Results Humboldt marten locations were positively associated with increased shrub cover (salal (Gautheria shallon)), mast producing trees (e.g., tanoak, Notholithocarpus densiflorus), increased pine (Pinus sp.) proportion of total basal area, annual precipitation at home-range spatial scales, low and high amounts of canopy cover and slope, and cooler August temperatures. Unlike other recent literature, we found little evidence that Humboldt martens were associated with old-growth structural indices. This case study provides an example of how limited information on rare or lesser-known species can lead to differing interpretations, emphasizing the need for study-level replication in ecology. Humboldt marten conservation would benefit from continued survey effort to clarify range extent, population sizes, and fine-scale habitat use.

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Kyle, C. J. y C. Strobeck. "Genetic homogeneity of Canadian mainland marten populations underscores the distinctiveness of Newfoundland pine martens (Martes americana atrata)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2003): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-223.

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American pine martens (Martes americana) are mid-sized mustelids found in the boreal and taiga zones of North America that prefer late-successional coniferous forests. Studies have shown that tracts of treeless land and roads may impede marten dispersal and that fewer martens are captured or observed in clear-cut areas. If marten habitat is indeed fragmented by roads and treeless land, this may result in decreased gene flow between regions and therefore in increased levels of genetic structure and decreased genetic variation in regions where these potential barriers are present. In this study, we evaluate the genetic variation and connectivity of marten populations across Canada. Thirty-five regions from the Canadian provinces and territories were sampled, including 1262 individuals, genotyped at 11 microsatellite loci. As expected, and in agreement with previous studies, little genetic structure was observed in northern regions, where few barriers to marten dispersal are thought to exist. However, contrary to our expectations, no strong breaks in gene flow were observed between any of the 35 sampled regions with the exception of the insular Newfoundland population. The lack of genetic structure observed may suggest that, at a larger scale, marten dispersal is not as limited by some landscape features as was previously thought.

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Proulx, Gilbert. "Winter Habitat Use by American Marten, Martes americana, in Western Alberta Boreal Forests". Canadian Field-Naturalist 120, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2006): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v120i1.253.

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Although the American Marten (Martes americana) is found in most forest regions of Alberta, little is known about its choice of winter habitats. This study investigated winter habitat use by American Marten in Weyerhaeuser’s Grande Prairie Forest Management Area (FMA) using snowtracking along 128.2 km of seismic lines inventoried in winters 1999, 2002, and 2005 with snowmobiles. American Marten tracks (n = 44) occurred significantly less frequently than expected (P < 0.001) in immature/young pole stands, but more frequently than expected (P < 0.02) in mature/old growth mixedwood stands. American Martens apparently used young forests, and mature/old coniferous and deciduous stands, according to their availability. Forest development plans should be developed locally to retain late successional forests that meet the winter habitat requirements of American Marten.

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Fernandez-González, Garazi, Patricia Ruiz-Galende, Imanol Torre-Fernández, Julene Aramendia, Gorka Arana, Kepa Castro y Juan Manuel Madariaga. "Bizkaiko itsaspeko sumendiaren analisi geokimikoa". EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria, n.º 37 (1 de mayo de 2020): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ekaia.20856.

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Marteko iraganeko lurzoruan agerian utzitako ur-likidoaren aztarna geomorfologikoak noizbait izandako bizigarritasun-baldintzen berri ematen du, eta honek, bizitzari buruzko galderak egitera eramaten gaitu. Galdera hauek erantzuteko asmoarekin, 2020. urtean ESA-k eta NASA-k Martera ibilgailu robotiko bana bidaliko dituzte. Lortutako emaitzak ulertzeko eta interpretatzeko, garrantzitsua da lurreko arroka eta mineral analogoen ikerketak egitea. Ikerketa lan honetan, Armintza proposatu da kretazeo garaian gertatutako izaera alkalinodun itsaspeko sumendiaren ondoriozko azaleratzea Marteko analogo gisa. Laginen ikerketa geokimikoa egiteko, hurrengo Marteko misioetan erabiliko diren Raman eta Vis-NIR espektroskopia teknikak erabili dira. Espero zen bezala, konposatu nagusiak silikatoak (filosilikatoak) dira; hala ere, karbonatoak, sulfatoak eta oxidoak ere karakterizatu dira. Filosilikatoek garrantzi handia dute lehen mailako arroka magmatikoen meteorizazio-prozesuen adierazleak direlako eta ura beharrezkoa dutelako beren eraketarako. Gainera, filosilikatoak Marten aurkitu dira, bereziki oxia Planumen, ESA-ren Marteko ExoMars 2020 misioaren lurreratze-tokia baita Jezero kraterrean ere, NASA-ren Mars 2020 misioaren lurreratze-tokia.

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Linnell, Mark A., Katie Moriarty, David S. Green y Taal Levi. "Density and population viability of coastal marten: a rare and geographically isolated small carnivore". PeerJ 6 (4 de abril de 2018): e4530. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4530.

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Pacific martens (Martes caurina humboldtensis) in coastal forests of Oregon and northern California in the United States are rare and geographically isolated, prompting a petition for listing under the Endangered Species Act. If listed, regulations have the potential to influence land-use decisions on public and private lands, but no estimates of population size, density, or viability of remnant marten populations are available for evaluating their conservation status. We used GPS and VHF telemetry and spatial mark-resight to estimate home ranges, density, and population size of Pacific martens in the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area, central coast Oregon, USA. We then estimated population viability at differing levels of human-caused mortality (e.g., vehicle mortality). Marten home ranges were small on average (females = 0.8 km2, males 1.5 km2) and density (1.13 martens/1 km2) was the highest reported for North American populations (M. caurina, M. americana). We estimated 71 adult martens (95% CRI [41–87]) across two subpopulations separated by a large barrier (Umpqua River). Using population viability analysis, extinction risk for a subpopulation of 30 martens, approximately the size of the subpopulation south of the Umpqua River, ranged from 32% to 99% with two or three annual human-caused mortalities within 30 years. Absent population expansion, limiting human-caused mortalities will likely have the greatest conservation impact.

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Kelly, Jillian R., Todd K. Fuller y John J. Kanter. "Records of Recovering American Marten, Martes americana, in New Hampshire". Canadian Field-Naturalist 123, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v123i1.668.

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Recent and current distribution of state-threatened American Marten (Martes americana) in New Hampshire was identified by summarizing 157 occurrence records (1980–2004) in a database and mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Records included visual observations, snow tracks, road kill, trapper captures, systematic live-trapping locations, and other miscellaneous locations. Marten in New Hampshire are now found throughout the White Mountains north to the Canadian border, with the highest relative abundance in the very northern tip of New Hampshire. The recent expansion in the range of Martens includes reproducing females, but a sex ratio biased towards males in some areas suggests that dispersing individuals might inhabit much of the range.

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Bremle, Gudrun, Per Larsson y Jan Olof Helldin. "Polychlorinated biphenyls in a terrestrial predator, the pine marten (Martes martesL.)". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 16, n.º 9 (septiembre de 1997): 1779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620160903.

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Tsuji, Yamato, Risma Yanti, Atsushi Takizawa y Toshio Hagiwara. "Interspecific Difference in Seed Dispersal Characteristics between Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) and Sympatric Japanese Martens (Martes melampus)". Folia Primatologica 91, n.º 6 (2020): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509385.

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We compared the characteristics of seeds within faeces between semi-terrestrial Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) and sympatric arboreal Japanese martens (Martes melampus) in Shiga Heights, central Japan. We collected faecal samples of the two mammalian species for 1 year (n = 229 for macaques and n = 22 for martens). We then compared the proportion of seed occurrence, life-form composition, number of seeds and species richness within single faecal samples, and the seed intact ratio between the two mammalian species. We detected seeds from 20 and 7 species from macaque and marten faeces, respectively. Macaque faeces contained seeds of multiple strata, while marten faeces contained no herbaceous plant seeds. Seed sizes within faeces showed no interspecific difference. For macaques, seeds were found within faecal samples collected in late spring to late fall, while for martens, seeds were found between summer and winter. The proportion of seed occurrence was greater in summer (both species) and fall (macaques), which implied that the seed dispersal roles of macaques and martens was greater in these seasons. The mean seed number (across species), intact ratio of seeds (high for both species) and seed species richness within single faecal samples of macaques and martens showed no significant differences, but for several species, martens defecated more seeds than macaques and showed higher intact ratio. Our study indicates that sympatric mammals in the temperate regions of Japan contribute differently to seed dispersal in forest ecosystems.

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Жигилева, O. Zhigileva, Усламина y I. Uslamina. "The unfavorable epizootic situation on nematode infestation of populations of the sable Martes zibellina and the pine marten M. martes in Western Siberia". Russian Journal of Parasitology 3, n.º 3 (25 de septiembre de 2016): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21656.

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Objective of research: to study the nematode infestation of the sable and pine marten in Western Siberia. Materials and methods: Altogether 169 individuals of the sable and 18 — of the pine marten were investigated using the method of partial dissection of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. Animals were caught according to the hunting license in 2009-2011 and 2014-2015, in 8 areas of Western Siberia from the south taiga to the northern forest-steppe. Results and discussion: We have found four species of parasitic nematodes, two of which (Crenosoma petrovi, Filaroides martis) were localized in lungs and two species (Capillaria putorii, Strongyloides martis) — in the intestine of the sable and the pine marten. Prevalence of lung nematodes was 80%, intestine nematodes — 40%. Intensity of infestation ranged from 26 to 358 nematodes per animal. F. martis is the most pathogenic and most common helminth in martens in Western Siberia. 53,3% of pine martens and 26,5% of sables were infected with this nematode species. Nematode S. martis is the most abundant in the intestine. In pine martens the extensity of invasion was 42,8%, the abundance index — 8.29 helminths per animal; in sables — 9,1% and 1.18, respectively. Pine martens were infected by F. martes and S. martis more than sables (p — 0,05). Prevalence increases in the direction from the North East (taiga) to the South West (sub-taiga), which determines the intensity of the helminthiases focus in biocenoses of Western Siberia. Infection of pine martens in the forest-steppe was not detected. In 2014–2015 compared with the previous study period (2009–2011) the extensity of invasion with intestinal nematodes increased by 1,5–2 times, and with highly pathogenic lung parasites — by 3 times. The increase in the helminth infestation may be explained by the growth of animal population density.

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23

Hisano, Masumi. "Insectivory characteristics of the Japanese marten (Martes melampus): a qualitative review". Zoology and Ecology 29, n.º 1 (13 de julio de 2019): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35513/21658005.2019.1.9.

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Insects are rich in protein and thus are important substitute foods for many species of generalist feeders. This study reviews insectivory characteristics of the Japanese marten (Martes melampus) based on current literature. Across the 16 locations (14 studies) in the Japanese archipelago, a total of 80 different insects (including those only identified at genus, family, or order level) were listed as marten food, 26 of which were identified at the species level. The consumed insects were categorised by their locomotion types, and the Japanese martens exploited not only grounddwelling species, but also arboreal, flying, and underground-dwelling insects, taking advantage of their arboreality and ability of agile pursuit predation. Notably, immobile insects such as egg mass of Mantodea spp, as well as pupa/larvae of Vespula flaviceps and Polistes spp. from wasp nests were consumed by the Japanese marten in multiple study areas. This review shows dietary generalism (specifically ‘food exploitation generalism’) of the Japanese marten in terms of non-nutritive properties (i.e., locomotion ability of prey).

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24

Addison, E. M., M. A. Strickland, A. B. Stephenson y J. Hoeve. "Cranial lesions possibly associated with Skrjabingylus (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) infections in martens, fishers, and otters". Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, n.º 10 (1 de octubre de 1988): 2155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-321.

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Skulls of 631 martens (Martes americana), 810 fishers (Martes pennanti), and 373 otters (Lutra canadensis) collected throughout Ontario were examined for frontal bone lesions possibly induced by sinus nematodes of the genus Skrjabingylus. No lesions were found in marten skulls. Lesions were present in 13.4% of otter skulls and their distribution was similar between sexes and among age-groups. Among fishers, 11.6% of skulls exhibited lesions. Frequency of lesions tended to increase with age, and adult male fishers had fewer than adult females. Lesions were characterized by discolouration, swelling, and perforation of frontal bones in descending order of frequency. Lesions were largely confined to the pars temporalis of the frontal bones with a small number also found on the pars frontalis.

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25

Twining, Joshua P., W. Ian Montgomery, Lily Price, Hansjoerg P. Kunc y David G. Tosh. "Native and invasive squirrels show different behavioural responses to scent of a shared native predator". Royal Society Open Science 7, n.º 2 (febrero de 2020): 191841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191841.

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Invasive species pose a serious threat to native species. In Europe, invasive grey squirrels ( Sciurus carolinensis ) have replaced native red squirrels ( Sciurus vulgaris ) in locations across Britain, Ireland and Italy. The European pine marten ( Martes martes ) can reverse the replacement of red squirrels by grey squirrels, but the underlying mechanism of how pine martens suppress grey squirrels is little understood. Research suggests the reversal process is driven by direct predation, but why the native red squirrel may be less susceptible than the invasive grey squirrel to predation by a commonly shared native predator, is unknown. A behavioural difference may exist with the native sciurid being more effective at avoiding predation by the pine marten with which they have a shared evolutionary history. In mammals, olfactory cues are used by prey species to avoid predators. To test whether anti-predator responses differ between the native red squirrel and the invasive grey squirrel, we exposed both species to scent cues of a shared native predator and quantified the responses of the two squirrel species. Red squirrels responded to pine marten scent by avoiding the feeder, increasing their vigilance and decreasing their feeding activity. By contrast, grey squirrels did not show any anti-predator behaviours in response to the scent of pine marten. Thus, differences in behavioural responses to a shared native predator may assist in explaining differing outcomes of species interactions between native and invasive prey species depending on the presence, abundance and exposure to native predators.

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26

Flaherty, E. A., M. Ben-David y J. N. Pauli. "A comparison of locomotor performance of the semiarboreal Pacific marten (Martes caurina) and semiaquatic mustelids". Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, n.º 3 (marzo de 2014): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0150.

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The relatively long body and short limbs of mustelids allow them to exploit resources from a diversity of habitat types. This body plan also has important implications for energetics because of increased heat loss from a high surface to volume ratio and muscular support of an elongated spine. Past research suggests that dorsal flexion of the spine enables semiaquatic mustelids to be relatively economical runners at faster speeds. We evaluated locomotor performance in a semiarboreal mustelid, the Pacific marten (Martes caurina (Merriam, 1890)), and compared our results from three females and one male to those previously observed in semiaquatic mustelids. At slower speeds, when martens used a walking or trotting gait, they were less economical than predicted; at higher speeds, martens were as economical as predicted. Nonetheless, martens did not switch to a bounding gait earlier than expected based on an allometric relationship between body mass, running speed, and gait. At the highest speed, martens increased stride length and decreased stride frequency. These observations suggest that unlike the semiaquatic river otters (Lontra canadensis (Schreber, 1777)) and mink (Neovison vison (Schreber, 1777)), martens do not use spinal flexion but instead employ other adaptations that result in energy savings at high speeds.

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27

Zhou, You-Bing, Eleanor Slade, Chris Newman, Xiao-Ming Wang y Shu-Yi Zhang. "Frugivory and seed dispersal by the yellow-throated marten, Martes flavigula, in a subtropical forest of China". Journal of Tropical Ecology 24, n.º 2 (marzo de 2008): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467408004793.

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The yellow-throated marten, Martes flavigula, is the only living species of the genus Martes found in subtropical and tropical forests (Harrison et al. 2004). It is distributed throughout central and southern Asia in a wide variety of habitats. Despite its extensive geographical range, the ecology and behaviour of this species has so far received little attention, aside from a study of habitat use (Grassman et al. 2005). Studies on other martens have shown that fruits are an important food resource (e.g. M. martes, Bermejo & Guitian 2000; M. foina, Pandolfi et al. 1996). Thus, they are considered to be important potential seed dispersers (Corlett 1998, Herrera 1989, Willson 1993), as confirmed by recent studies (M. melampus, Otani 2002; M. americana, Hickey et al. 1999; M. foina and M. martes, Schaumann & Heinken 2002). Although no systematic study of the diet of M. flavigula has been conducted (Harrison et al. 2004), it is known to be omnivorous and to consume fruit (Gao & Wang 1987). To date, however, there has been no comprehensive study of frugivory and seed dispersal by M. flavigula (but see Corlett 1998).

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28

Pavlacik, L., V. Celer, P. Koubek y I. Literak. "Prevalence of canine distemper virus in wild mustelids in the Czech Republic and a case of canine distemper in young stone martens". Veterinární Medicína 52, No. 2 (7 de enero de 2008): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2057-vetmed.

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Between 2001 and 2003, a total of 194 samples of brain tissues of wild mustelids from the Czech Republic were tested for the presence of canine distemper virus (CDV) by direct immunofluorescence examination. Out of 21 animals exhibiting symptoms of the disease or changed behaviour, one mustelid was CDV positive (5% prevalence). In this group, 1 out of 18 stone martens (Martes foina) was CDV positive, while 2 pine martens (Martes martes) and 1 Eurasian badger (Meles meles) were CDV negative. Of 173 animals with unknown case history, 1 sample was positive (0.6% prevalence). In this group of animals, 1 out of 19 Eurasian badgers was positive, and stone martens (n = 96), pine martens (n = 4), polecats (Mustela putorius) ((n = 28), steppe polecats (Mustela eversmani) (n = 4), common weasels (Mustela nivalis) (n = 4), stoats (Mustela erminea) (n = 3) and American minks (Mustela vison) (n = 19) were negative. Clinical distemper was demonstrated in three stone marten pup siblings. In two of the siblings, CDV was demonstrated in footpads. The third of the siblings survived the acute stage of the disease and had virus neutralizing antibodies from the end of the acute stage until 6 months after the end of the acute stage, with a maximum antibody titre of 32. During the acute stage and 7 months after the end of the acute stage, no virus neutralizing antibodies were found.

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29

Cabezas-Díaz, Sara, Emilio Virgós, Jorge Lozano y Julián Mangas. "Spatial distribution models in a frugivorous carnivore, the stone marten (Martes foina): is the fleshy-fruit availability a useful predictor?" Animal Biology 60, n.º 4 (2010): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075610x523297.

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AbstractFleshy-fruit availability is rarely used as a predictor in stone marten (Martes foina) habitat models, despite its frugivorous carnivore diet. Data on stone marten occurrence, habitat structure and fleshy-fruit species abundance was collected along 2 km long survey routes within 2 × 2 km sample plots (n = 30). Two different spatial scales were considered: 1) the entire survey route; and 2) 200 m segments within each 2 km survey route. Data analyses included Poisson General Linear Models (GLM) and Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) for the first and second approaches, respectively.Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) availability was significantly and positively correlated to stone marten occurrence at both spatial scales, particularly for the large-scale model. At the larger scale, a lower correlation to the traditional habitat structure variables was observed. Tree cover was the most important variable in the small-scale model, but strawberry tree availability was also an important predictor. Stone marten abundance was low in areas of high tree cover and absence of strawberry trees; emphasising the prominent role of strawberry trees per se in the abundance of stone martens. Our results indicated that including fine, field-derived estimates of key food resources for species can increase the utility of habitat models.

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30

Elmberg, Johan y Hannu Pöysä. "Is the risk of nest predation heterospecifically density-dependent in precocial species belonging to different nesting guilds?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2011): 1164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-093.

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Nest predation is a key source of mortality and variation in fitness, but the effect co-occurring species belonging to different nesting guilds have on each other’s nest success is poorly understood. By using artificial nests, we tested if predation on cavity nests of Common Goldeneyes ( Bucephala clangula (L., 1758)) is increased in the presence of ground nests of Mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos L., 1758) and vice versa. Specifically, by adding ground nests in the vicinity of cavity nests, we tested the hypothesis that predation on cavity nests is heterospecifically density-dependent. A shared predator, the pine marten ( Martes martes (L., 1758)), was intensively hunted in one of the study areas, but not in the other, leading to most individuals in the former being naïve immigrants. Cavity-nest fate was not affected by addition of ground nests. Similarly, ground-nest survival did not decrease when nearby cavity nests were depredated. Fate of nests in a given nest cavity was highly predictable between years in the study area with minimal removal of pine martens, but not in the one with intensive removal. Predation rate was higher on cavity nests than on ground nests. Predation on ground nests was lower in the study area with intensive removal of pine martens. We conclude there was neither apparent competition between guilds nor heterospecific density-dependence in predation risk.

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31

Landriault, Lynn J., Brian J. Naylor, Stephen C. Mills y James A. Baker. "Evaluating the relationship between trapper harvest of American martens (Martes americana) and the quantity and spatial configuration of habitat in the boreal forests of Ontario, Canada". Forestry Chronicle 88, n.º 03 (junio de 2012): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2012-059.

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We investigated the relationship between trapper harvest of martens (Martes americana) and the quantity and spatial configuration of marten habitat on traplines in the eastern and western boreal forests of Ontario. We used region-specific habitat models to estimate the total amount of suitable marten habitat on each trapline, and the proportion of each trapline identified as suitable habitat in various patch size classes. To control for variability in trapper success not associated with habitat, we included an index of trapper effort, as well as variables related to access, temperature, and precipitation as covariates in our regression analyses. Region-specific habitat models identified a positive relationship between the proportion of suitable marten habitat on traplines (irrespective of patch size) and trapper success. Although there did not appear to be an effect of patch size on trapper success in the eastern study region, we observed an effect in the western region. Results from the western study region suggest that traplines with suitable habitat in patches ≥500 ha will have higher trapper success than traplines with similar proportions of suitable habitat but distributed in smaller patches. Our study was conducted in a forested landscape (80% of trapline area was forested). Therefore, our findings should not be applied to areas where suitable marten habitat lies in a matrix comprised of a significant amount of non-forested area.

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32

Raine, R. Michael. "Winter food habits and foraging behaviour of fishers (Martes pennanti) and martens (Martes americana) in southeastern Manitoba". Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1987): 745–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-112.

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A tracking study of fishers, Martes pennanti, and American pine martens, Martes americana, conducted over two winters in southeastern Manitoba showed that both species preyed heavily on snowshoe hares, Lepus americanus, during a period of hare abundance. Fishers had an 84.3% frequency occurrence (n = 159) of hares in their scats, while martens had a frequency occurrence of 58.9% (n = 107). Martens had a higher frequency of microtincs and red squirrels, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, in their diets than did fishers. This difference was reflected in the foraging behaviour of the two species, with martens exhibiting more subnivean and arboreal behaviour than fishers.

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33

Colli, Licia, Rita Cannas, Anna M. Deiana y James Tagliavini. "Microsatellite Variability of Sardinian Pine Martens, Martes martes". Zoological Science 28, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2011): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.28.580.

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34

Marcström, Vidar, Lloyd B. Keith, Erik Engren y John R. Cary. "Demographic responses of arctic hares (Lepus timidus) to experimental reductions of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and martens (Martes martes)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1989): 658–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-095.

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This study aimed, through a field experiment, to test predictions from two hypotheses: (i) predation is a factor limiting arctic hare (Lepus timidus) populations, and (ii) predation shifts to arctic hares when voles (Microtus and Clethrionomys) decline to scarcity. Our approach was to compare demographic characteristics of hare populations on two large islands (Rånön, 2350 ha, and Bergön, 1800 ha) in the northern Baltic, where foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and martens (Martes martes) were alternately present in normal numbers or reduced by snaring and shooting over winter. Hare densities in March, as indexed by transect counts and estimated by Jolly–Seber analyses, averaged two to three times higher on each island during years with reduced numbers of foxes and martens. Rates of population increase on Rånön, and thus population trends, were correlated with annual survival of adults and yearlings, but more strongly with survival of juvenile hares from birth to March (indexed by recruitment). Survival estimates were incomplete for Bergön and could not be similarly analyzed. Hare survival rates were lowest on Rånön during the 3 years when vole populations had declined to cyclic lows, but adult and yearling survival dropped only slightly during the vole low that coincided with reduced fox and marten numbers. We conclude that fluctuations were imposed on Rånön's hare population by the vole cycle's effect on predation rates, whereas on both islands major differences in population levels between groups of years were largely due to the number of foxes and martens present. Demographic differences between hare populations of Rånön and Bergön, apparently unrelated to predation, included dispersal rates, mean body weights of females, and mean first-litter conception dates. Densities, survival rates, and natality are compared with selected arctic hare populations elsewhere.

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35

Wilbert, Connie J., Steven W. Buskirk y Kenneth G. Gerow. "Effects of weather and snow on habitat selection by American martens (Martes americana)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, n.º 10 (1 de octubre de 2000): 1691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-121.

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To better understand how a species known to thermoregulate behaviorally switches among microsites and habitats in response to weather and snow, we studied influences of weather and snow conditions on resting by the American marten, Martes americana. Vertical location of resting sites varied with air temperature and snowfall during the previous 24 h. Subnivean resting was most likely when air temperature was low and when recent snowfall had been heavy, and tended to be in stands dominated by spruce-fir. Supranivean resting tended to occur when weather was warmer and when recent snowfall had been light, and tended to occur in stands dominated by lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), the predominant conifer in the study area. Fidelity of martens to resting sites varied with season; martens reused sites more in winter than in spring, hypothetically a result of trading-off increased energy savings accrued from using a few especially efficient sites against longer distances traveled to reach them. Such travel may not be rewarded in warm weather. Stand characteristics associated with resting in cold snowy winter periods are typical of low disturbance frequencies, including old-growth conditions in the Rocky Mountains.

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36

Schwartz, Michael K., Ashley D. Walters, Kristine L. Pilgrim, Katie M. Moriarty, Keith M. Slauson, William J. Zielinski, Keith B. Aubry et al. "Pliocene–Early Pleistocene Geological Events Structure Pacific Martens (Martes caurina)". Journal of Heredity 111, n.º 2 (marzo de 2020): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esaa005.

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Abstract The complex topography, climate, and geological history of Western North America have shaped contemporary patterns of biodiversity and species distributions in the region. Pacific martens (Martes caurina) are distributed along the northern Pacific Coast of North America with disjunct populations found throughout the Northwestern Forested Mountains and Marine West Coast Forest ecoregions of the West Coast. Martes in this region have been classified into subspecies; however, the subspecific designation has been extensively debated. In this study, we use genomic data to delineate conservation units of Pacific marten in the Sierra-Cascade-Coastal montane belt in the western United States. We analyzed the mitochondrial genome for 94 individuals to evaluate the spatial distribution and divergence times of major lineages. We further genotyped 401 individuals at 13 microsatellite loci to investigate major patterns of population structure. Both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA suggest substantial genetic substructure concordant with historical subspecies designations. Our results revealed that the region contains 2 distinct mitochondrial lineages: a Cascades/Sierra lineage that diverged from the Cascades/coastal lineage 2.23 (1.48–3.14 mya), consistent with orogeny of the Cascade Mountain chain. Interestingly, Pacific Martes share phylogeographic patterns similar with other sympatric taxa, suggesting that the complex geological history has shaped the biota of this region. The information is critical for conservation and management efforts, and further investigation of adaptive diversity is warranted following appropriate revision of conservation management designations.

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37

Viviano, Andrea, Emiliano Mori, Niccolò Fattorini, Giuseppe Mazza, Lorenzo Lazzeri, Alessandra Panichi, Luigi Strianese y Walid Fathy Mohamed. "Spatiotemporal Overlap between the European Brown Hare and Its Potential Predators and Competitors". Animals 11, n.º 2 (21 de febrero de 2021): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020562.

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Analysis of spatiotemporal partitioning is pivotal to shed light on interspecific coexistence. Most research effort has involved large-sized carnivores and their prey, whereas little attention has been devoted to lagomorphs. We assessed spatiotemporal overlap among the European brown hare Lepus europaeus and its potential competitors and predators through camera-trapping in an area in Central Italy. We estimated the interspecific patterns of the spatiotemporal activity rhythms of brown hares, its potential predators (the red fox Vulpes vulpes, the pine marten Martes martes, the domestic cat Felis catus, and the domestic dog Canis familiaris), and a competitor, the roe deer Capreolus capreolus. Brown hare activity was studied in natural conditions as well as in a fenced area that excluded terrestrial predators and competitors. Free-ranging hares developed a more nocturnal behavior to avoid diurnal predators (i.e., domestic carnivores and martens). Although high temporal overlap was observed between free-ranging brown hares and both red foxes (82%) and roe deer (81%), hares avoided fox by being more active on darkest nights, as well as avoided roe deer through spatial partitioning. We suggest that hares may adapt their spatiotemporal behavior to avoid potential predators and competitors.

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38

Reig, S. "Geographic Variation in Pine Marten (Martes martes) and Beech Marten (M. foina) in Europe". Journal of Mammalogy 73, n.º 4 (20 de noviembre de 1992): 744–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1382193.

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Selva, N., B. Jędrzejewska, W. Jędrzejewski y A. Wajrak. "Factors affecting carcass use by a guild of scavengers in European temperate woodland". Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2005): 1590–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-158.

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Although facultative scavenging is very common, little is known about the factors governing carrion acquisition by vertebrates. We examined the influence of carcass characteristics, carcass state, and weather conditions on carrion use by main scavengers. Carcasses (N = 214, mainly ungulates) of various origins (predation, natural deaths, harvest) were monitored by systematic inspections (N = 1784) in Białowieża Forest (Poland). Common raven (Corvus corax L., 1758), red fox (Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)), and European pine marten (Martes martes (L., 1758)) mainly used the prey remains of gray wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758). The kills of predators were the preferred carrion, rather than dead ungulates. Common ravens, common buzzards (Buteo buteo (L., 1758)), white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla (L., 1758)), and domestic dogs scavenged more frequently on carcasses in open habitats. Carcasses located in the forest were the most available to European pine martens, jays (Garrulus glandarius (L., 1758)), and wild boar (Sus scrofa L., 1758). The common tendency was to increase scavenging when temperature decreased, except for raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray 1834)). As snow depth increased, jays and great tits (Parus major L., 1758) increased scavenging. We suggest that carrion use by scavengers is not random, but a complex process mediated by extrinsic factors and by behavioural adaptations of scavengers.

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40

Li, Bo, Dan Wu y Boris Malyarchuk. "Complete mitochondrial genome of European pine marten, Martes martes". Mitochondrial DNA 25, n.º 5 (2 de julio de 2013): 372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2013.803541.

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41

de Monte, Michèle y Jean-Jacques Roeder. "Scent marking and social relationships in pine martens (Martes martes)". Zoo Biology 12, n.º 6 (1993): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.1430120603.

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42

Modorov, Makar, Vladimir Monakhov, Vladimir Mikryukov, Nikolai Erokhin, Inga Tkachenko, Maria Polezhaeva y Maryana Ranyuk. "Microsatellite multiplex assay for sable (Martes zibellina) and pine marten (Martes martes)". Mammal Research 65, n.º 4 (25 de agosto de 2020): 855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13364-020-00529-4.

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43

Rosellini, Stefano, Enrique Osorio, Aritz Ruiz-González, Ana Piñeiro y Isabel Barja. "Monitoring the small-scale distribution of sympatric European pine martens (Martes martes) and stone martens (Martes foina): a multievidence approach using faecal DNA analysis and camera-traps". Wildlife Research 35, n.º 5 (2008): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07030.

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The European pine marten (Martes martes) and stone marten (Martes foina) are two closely related mustelids that live sympatrically over a large area of Europe. In the northern Iberian Peninsula, the distribution ranges of both species overlap extensively. The objectives of this study were (1) to verify whether, on a small scale, both species also live sympatrically and (2) to compare camera traps and scat DNA as methods for detecting marten species. The study was conducted in a protected area (province of Ourense, north-west Spain), which covers 6700 ha. To test the sympatry hypothesis, 90 fresh faecal samples, identified as faeces of genus Martes on the basis of their morphology, were collected from June 2004 to August 2006. The specific identification of faecal samples was conducted using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques. In addition, 20 camera-traps (916 camera-trap-nights) were in operation during the study period. Of the faecal samples collected, 88.8% were attributed to the European pine marten, while the remaining 11.2% were not amplified by PCR and thus could not be assigned. The European pine marten was identified in 57.9% of the photos of carnivores and the stone marten was not detected in any. The faecal DNA analysis and camera-trap results supported previous conclusions about habitat preferences and the distribution of the two species obtained using other methods. The two non-invasive methods that were used in this study were shown to be reliable techniques that can be employed simultaneously, because each method has advantages and disadvantages that are influenced by the size of the area inventoried, sampling effort, and cost and efficiency of the method. The data gathered using these methods provided important information on the understanding of trophic and competitive interactions between the species.

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Mallo-Laire, Marcos y Carmen Díez. "Nuevos datos de distribución de marta Martes martes en Ourense, Galicia. El fototrampeo como herramienta de muestreo de la especie". Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy 33 (7 de abril de 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2021.a1.

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Pine marten Martes martes is a medium size mustelid that inhabits well-conserved forests of the northern Iberian Peninsula. Currently, the distribution and ecology of the species in the Iberian Peninsula is poorly known. In this work, 27 UTM 10x10km grids in the province of Ourense were sampled using camera-trapping techniques, with the aim of increasing knowledge about the distribution of the species in Galicia. The presence of pine marten was confirmed in 18 of the surveyed grids, which increases the species´ known distribution area by 21% in this community and by 62% in Ourense province, confirming camera-trapping specific survey as a highly effective method to know the distribution of elusive species such as the pine marten.

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Baumann, Chris y Karolin Gornetzki. "Postcranial Differences in Sex and Species of Pine Marten (Martes martes L., 1758) and Beech Marten (Martes foina Erxl., 1777)". Palaeodiversity 10, n.º 1 (diciembre de 2017): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18476/pale.v10.a2.

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Arslan, Yağmur, Sadik Demi̇rtaş, Jeremy S. Herman, Jeremy D. Pustilnik, Jeremy B. Searle y İslam Gündüz. "The Anatolian glacial refugium and human-mediated colonization: a phylogeographical study of the stone marten (Martes foina) in Turkey". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129, n.º 2 (7 de diciembre de 2019): 470–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz180.

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Abstract The Anatolian Peninsula, comprising most of modern Turkey, is situated at the junction of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Together with its complex geomorphological and climatic history, this has given rise to a rich fauna and flora, which exhibits a wide range of historical biogeographical patterns. The stone marten (Martes foina) is a small carnivore that is found across the temperate Palaearctic region including Anatolia, where it is often associated with habitats modified by humans, but few genetic data exist for this species. We sequenced a 1840-bp region of the mitochondrial genome from 97 martens sampled across the peninsula and intron 7 of the nuclear β-fibrinogen gene from 53 of these. Two mitochondrial lineages were recovered, with overlapping eastern and western distributions, but there was no geographical structure for the autosomal marker. Coalescent analyses indicated that both of the lineages originated during the Last Glacial Maximum, one of them within an eastern Anatolian refugium and the other in a western Anatolian or Balkan refugium. The western lineage colonized most of Europe in the Holocene, while the eastern lineage may be endemic to Anatolia, from where it colonized the Iberian Peninsula via human translocation. The presence of at least one refugial stone marten population highlights the importance of Anatolia to the preservation of genetic variation and biodiversity.

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Landowski, Jan. "BREEDING THE PINE MARTEN (Martes martes L. 1758) IN CAPTIVITY". International Zoo Yearbook 3, n.º 1 (28 de junio de 2008): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1962.tb03376.x.

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LYNCH, A. B. y M. J. F. BROWN. "Molecular sexing of pine marten (Martes martes): how many replicates?" Molecular Ecology Notes 6, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2006): 631–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01386.x.

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Burki, Simone, Tobias Roth, Klaus Robin y Darius Weber. "Lure sticks as a method to detect pine martens Martes martes". Acta Theriologica 55, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2010): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/j.at.0001-7051.023.2009.

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50

McNicol, Catherine M., David Bavin, Stuart Bearhop, Josie Bridges, Elizabeth Croose, Robin Gill, Cecily E. D. Goodwin et al. "Postrelease movement and habitat selection of translocated pine martens Martes martes". Ecology and Evolution 10, n.º 11 (14 de mayo de 2020): 5106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6265.

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Martech"

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