Tesis sobre el tema "Maternal Health/Burkina Faso"
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Sombie, Issiaka. "Amélioration de l'utilisation des services de santé maternelle au Burkina Faso: Quelles stratégies adopter ?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210671.
Texto completoLa mortalité maternelle reste encore élevée dans les pays en développement notamment en Afrique où une femme parmi 16 en âge de reproduction sera touchée par cette mortalité contre 1 femme parmi 2400 dans les pays développés. Au Burkina Faso, ce risque de mortalité est de 1 parmi 12 pour une femme en âge de reproduction.
La littérature internationale montre qu’un meilleur accès aux soins qualifiés à l’accouchement et aux soins obstétricaux d’urgence est la solution majeure pour sauver la vie d’une femme au cours de la grossesse, de l’accouchement et dans le post partum. Elle montre que cet accès est limité en milieu rural par l’existence de barrières liées aux services de santé, de barrières économiques et sociales. Au milieu des années 1990, il a été montré qu’il serait possible d’améliorer l’accès des femmes aux soins qualifiés et aux soins d’urgence par des interventions locales visant à réduire ces barrières. Ces résultats ont entraîné la mise en place de plusieurs interventions en milieu rural burkinabè. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’examiner les activités mises en place au niveau du système de santé dans les districts ruraux de Houndé et d’Orodara au Burkina Faso afin de mieux comprendre ce qui a été à la base de l’évolution des indicateurs de santé maternelle.
Méthodologie
Le travail a combiné des méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives. Des études de cas, plusieurs sources d’informations (revue des documents, interview des populations, prise de notes, observation participante) ont été utilisées pour identifier au niveau du système de santé des districts les activités pouvant influencer l’utilisation des soins obstétricaux d’urgence et analyser la dynamique et la qualité de leur mise en œuvre. Des approches quantitatives (étude écologique, analyse transversale, étude avant et après) ont permis d’étudier l’évolution des indicateurs et de mettre celles-ci en parallèle avec la réalisation de certaines activités. Enfin, les résultats dans les deux districts ont été comparés avec ceux d’autres districts ayant aussi bénéficié d’une intervention en santé maternelle.
Résultats
L’analyse du système de santé a identifié l’existence d’activités d’éducation et de mobilisation des populations, d’amélioration de l’environnement de la prise en charge de la femme enceinte et de renforcement de compétence des agents de santé et des accoucheuses villageoises dans les deux districts. Dans le district de Houndé une intervention bien structurée (le projet SAREDO) avec analyse des besoins a été à la base d’une grande partie des activités de 2000 à 2003. Mais l’analyse de la mise en oeuvre des activités de ce projet a montré des écarts par rapport à ce qui avait été planifié, des retards et un manque de suivi des activités. Ces faiblesses du projet étaient liées à l’approche participative de mise en œuvre, à des faiblesses organisationnelles et à l’arrêt avant terme du financement. Dans le district d’Orodara, la mise en place des activités a démarré avec l’arrivée en 2001 d’un médecin chef en provenance du district de Houndé. Aucune intervention planifiée n’a existé. Les activités ont été mises en place à partir de décisions empiriques s’inspirant de l’expérience du projet SAREDO à Houndé. Dans les deux districts, la collaboration avec des intervenants dans et hors du district, le leadership de l’équipe de district et l’utilisation rationnelle des ressources ont été déterminants dans la mise en œuvre des activités.
L’évolution des indicateurs de soins maternels a montré une amélioration de l’utilisation des soins maternels en général de 1999 à 2006 dans les deux districts. En 2004, si l’utilisation des services de consultation prénatale et de maternité pour l’accouchement était meilleure à Houndé qu’à Orodara, il n’existait aucune différence pour ce qui était du taux des accouchements par césarienne. Pour ce dernier indicateur, on notait une croissance linéaire dans le district de Houndé, tandis qu’à Orodara, le taux était resté stable de 1999 à 2002 et à partir de 2003 on assistait à une amélioration avec un taux atteignant celui de Houndé en 2005. La mise en parallèle de l’évolution du taux d’accouchements par césarienne et du calendrier des activités dans les deux districts montre une amélioration après la mise en place du renforcement de la qualité des soins (formation des agents et équipement) et de la réduction du coût des soins d’urgence surtout dans le district d’Orodara. Ces observations suggèrent l’existence d’une relation entre l’évolution du taux des accouchements par césarienne et, d’une part, le renforcement de la qualité des soins et d’autre part, la mise en place de la réduction du coût des soins d’urgence.
Une évaluation a relevé dans le district de Houndé que l’offre de soins était meilleure après la formation des agents de santé et l’équipement des services. Elle a aussi montré une meilleure utilisation des services de base (consultation prénatale et accouchements institutionnels) et un taux plus élevé d’évacuations obstétricales dans le groupe des centres de santé avec un responsable de la maternité ayant bénéficié de la formation que dans le groupe des centres de santé avec un agent non formé responsable de la maternité. Les proportions d’accouchements par césarienne et d’interventions obstétricales majeures réalisées pour sauver la vie de la mère étaient plus élevées dans le groupe des centres de santé avec un agent formé responsable de la maternité mais les différences n’étaient pas statistiquement significatives. Les résultats de cette évaluation montrent qu’au niveau des centres de santé de base, former les agents et équiper les services permettent d’améliorer la qualité et l’utilisation des services de base mais ne suffisent pas pour améliorer l’utilisation des soins obstétricaux d’urgence.
Au niveau de l’hôpital du district d’Orodara, après la mise en place des kits opératoires, les proportions des évacuations obstétricales à l’admission, des évacuations obstétricales prises en charge et des accouchements par césarienne à l’hôpital du district se sont améliorés significativement tandis que les proportions des complications infectieuses post césarienne et des évacuations obstétricales à l’hôpital de référence, et le coût des soins d’urgence ont été réduits. Ceci montre qu’en réduisant le coût des soins via les kits opératoires et en plus d’une formation des agents de santé, on a pu améliorer l’accès et la qualité des soins obstétricaux d’urgence dans cet hôpital.
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Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
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Yugbaré, Belemsaga Danielle, Anne Goujon, Aristide Bado, Seni Kouanda, Els Duysburgh, Marleen Temmerman y Olivier Degomme. "Integration of postpartum care into child health and immunization services in Burkina Faso: findings from a cross-sectional study". BMC, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6734/1/document.pdf.
Texto completoServais-Walenda, Sophie. "La maternité avec risques : une analyse ethnographique des risques autour de la procréation au Burkina Faso". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT056/document.
Texto completoSuccessive Maternal and Child Health policies during last three decades in the Global South were based on a quantitative approach to reproductive risk, with a homogeneous vision of women's life experiences. On the contrary, the anthropological approach defines risk as a social construction and considers that populations assess and prioritize their exposure risks in a relevant manner.Our approach is based on a long-term ethnographic study in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) and its environment. We conducted formal and informal interviews with women, their families and key informants. Contextual observations in urban and rural areas complete the data set.Our results show a form of trivialization of HIV/AIDS risk in its bioclinical aspects. However, although less visible, stigma is persisting, and the social dimension of disease are still a threat. Our research describes the living and working conditions of poor women. It highlights their exposure to risk related to women's work in both rural areas and cities. It specifically examines the risk associated with the current intensive use of pesticides, which particularly concern women.In addition, our research shows how women perceive the healthcare system as a threat. This perception of risk related to care is part of a broader context of « crisis of confidence » in the health care system that creates « mistreatments », especially among pregnant women.This doctoral research reveals the neglected and « not quantified » risks perceived by women. It contributes to the recognition of environment related risks and informal working conditions as major public health problems affecting mothers and children in West Africa
Richard, Fabienne. "La césarienne de qualité au Burkina Faso: comment penser et agir au delà de l'acte technique". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209716.
Texto completoL’objectif de notre thèse est de contribuer à une meilleure connaissance des déterminants d’une césarienne de qualité et de montrer comment en situation réelle (cas d’un district urbain au Burkina Faso) on peut agir sur ces déterminants pour améliorer la qualité des césariennes.
Dans le cadre d’un projet multidisciplinaire (santé publique, mobilisation politique et sociale, anthropologie) d’Amélioration de la QUalité et de l’Accès aux Soins Obstétricaux d’Urgence - le projet AQUASOU (2003-2006) - nous avons pu mettre en œuvre des activités visant à améliorer l’accès à une césarienne de qualité dans le district du Secteur 30) à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Nous avons mené une étude Avant-Après et utilisé des méthodes d’évaluation mixtes quantitatives et qualitatives pour comprendre dans quelle mesure et comment ce type d’approche globale améliore la qualité de la césarienne. Nous avons utilisé le cadre d’analyse de Dujardin et Delvaux (1998) qui présente les différents déterminants de la césarienne pour organiser et structurer nos résultats. Cette expérience s’étant déroulée dans le cadre d’un projet pilote nous avons également évalué le degré de pérennité du projet AQUASOU quatre ans après sa clôture officielle et analysé sa diffusion au niveau région et national.
Le cadre d’analyse de la césarienne de qualité avec ses quatre piliers (Accès, Diagnostic, Procédure, Soins postopératoires) a permis d’aller au-delà de la simple évaluation de la qualité technique de l’acte césarienne. Il a structuré l’analyse des différentes barrières à l’accès à la césarienne comme par exemple l’acceptabilité des services par la population et le coût de la prise en charge.
L’analyse des discours des femmes césarisées a mis en lumière le sentiment de culpabilité des femmes d’avoir eu une césarienne - ne pas avoir été « une bonne mère » capable d’accoucher normalement. Les questionnements sur la récurrence de la césarienne pour les prochaines grossesses, les dépenses élevées à la charge du ménage, la fatigue physique et les complications médicales possibles après l’opération mettent la femme dans une situation de vulnérabilités plurielles au sein de son couple et de sa famille.
L’évaluation du système de partage des coûts pour les urgences obstétricales mis en place en 2005 dans le district du Secteur 30 a montré qu’il était possible de mobiliser les collectivités locales de la ville et des communes rurales pour la santé des femmes. La levée des barrières financières a pu bénéficier à la fois aux femmes du milieu urbain et rural mais l’écart d’utilisation des services entre le milieu de résidence n’a pas été comblé et cela confirme l’importance des barrières géographiques (distance, route impraticable pendant la saison des pluies, manque de moyen de transport) et socioculturelles.
L’étude sur le rôle des audits cliniques ou revues de cas dans l’amélioration de la qualité des soins a montré que les soignants avaient une bonne connaissance du but de l'audit et qu’ils classaient l'audit comme le premier facteur de changement dans leur pratique, comparé aux staffs matinaux, aux formations et aux guides cliniques. Cependant, l’institutionnalisation des audits se révèle difficile dans un contexte de manque de ressources qui affecte les conditions de travail et dans un environnement peu favorable à la remise en question de sa pratique professionnelle.
L’évaluation de la pérennité du projet pilote quatre ans après la fin du soutien financier et technique montre que les bénéfices pour la population sont toujours là en terme d’accessibilité à la césarienne :coûts directs pour les ménages de 5000 FCFA (US $ 9.8), qualité des soins maintenue avec une diminution de la mortalité périnatale précoce pour les accouchements par césarienne de 3,6% en 2004 à 1,8% en 2008.
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Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
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Lougue, Siaka. "Methodological approach of the spatial distribution of maternal mortality in Burkina Faso and explanatory factors associated". University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4368.
Texto completoMaternal mortality is one of the most important problems related to the reproductive health. This is why the reduction by three quarters of maternal mortality by 2015 has been fixed as target No. 5 of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Achieving this goal requires an annual decline of 5.5% of maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015. Unfortunately, the reduction as estimated in 1997 was less than 1% per year. Africa is the continent most affected by this problem. In 2010, the number of maternal mortality in the world was estimated to 287 000 and Africa was hosting more than 52 % (148 000) of the occurrence in the world In Burkina Faso, maternal mortality ratio decreased from 566 in 1991 to 484 in 1998 and 341 in 2010 according to the DHS data while the census estimate was 307 in 2006 and United Nation agencies provided the number of 300 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births in 2010. Statistics provided by the different sources vary considerably. This situation creates confusion among data users. In addition, researches made on the issue remain very insufficient because of the complexity of the issue, lack of data and poor quality of existing data on maternal mortality. This study has been initiated to fill the gap of knowledge about the determinants and estimates of maternal mortality at national and sub-national levels. Results of this research highlighted explanatory factors of maternal mortality at national and regional level with a focus on factors of regional disparities. Findings also provided estimate by adjusting the census 2006 data from missingness and incoherences, improving the census method and testing different other methods. Finally, projection of maternal mortality level is made from 2006 to 2050.
Drabo, Koiné Maxime. "Offrir une réponse aux besoins médicaux et psychosociaux des patients tuberculeux au Burkina Faso: quelles stratégies adopter ?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210412.
Texto completoIntroduction.
La prise en charge (PEC) des malades de tuberculose a été confiée à des institutions spécialisées et réduite aux seuls aspects biomédicaux du problème. En associant une revue de littérature sur les dimensions du problème posé par la tuberculose et un état des lieux sur la prise de charge de la tuberculose, les besoins non couverts par les centres de diagnostic et de traitement (CDTs) ont été identifiés dans trois districts sanitaires (DS) ruraux du Burkina Faso. Le recueil des évidences sur les interventions à même de corriger ces insuffisances (dans la littérature), associé à l’expérience des acteurs sur le terrain ont conduit à la mise en place d’un dispositif de soins. Ce dispositif intègre i) la décentralisation de la prise en charge des malades des CDTs vers les centres de santé de 1er échelon (CS), ii) l’organisation d’un soutien psychosocial au profit des malades en traitement et iii) la mise en contribution de personnes ressources pour offrir un soutien socioéconomique aux malades. Le présent travail s’intéresse à la conception et le test du dispositif au cours d’une phase pilote.
La question générale de recherche était de savoir si un tel dispositif pouvait améliorer significativement non seulement les résultats biomédicaux, mais aussi le confort physique, psychologique et matériel des malades pendant leur traitement. Trois hypothèses, faisant référence aux interventions clé du dispositif de soins, ont guidé l’investigation de cette question :
i) Une décentralisation du diagnostic, de l’administration des médicaments et du suivi du traitement de la tuberculose, des CDT vers les CS va contribuer à réduire pour les malades la distance à parcourir et accroitre de ce fait le taux de dépistage.
ii) Un soutien psychosocial va renforcer l’estime de soi des patients tuberculeux et réduire la stigmatisation ressentie par eux. Elle contribuera à améliorer le confort psychologique des malades ainsi que les résultats de traitement.
iii) Un soutien socioéconomique bien coordonné va résoudre les besoins de base des patients tuberculeux (transport, nourriture, habillement, etc.). Il va contribuer à améliorer les conditions de vie des malades ainsi que les résultats de traitement.
Le contenu du présent document comprend cinq parties. La première propose une introduction, la démarche générale et le contexte où le test du dispositif a été mis en place. La seconde présente les dimensions du problème posé par la tuberculose, un état des lieux sur l’offre actuelle de soins et les interventions potentiellement efficaces pour combler les besoins non couverts. La troisième partie décrit comment le dispositif de soin a été conçu et modélisé. La quatrième partie décrit le processus d’implantation et le fonctionnement du dispositif. Enfin, la dernière partie propose une discussion générale et quelques leçons apprises.
Première partie :Introduction, contexte et approche méthodologique générale.
Dans un chapitre introductif, nous mettons en exergue les défis que représente la promotion de la santé, le centre d’intérêt de la thèse, l’énoncé de la question de recherche et le cheminement méthodologique. Le cheminement utilisé est emprunté au modèle proposé par Campbell et Loeb pour la mise en œuvre et l’évaluation des interventions complexes. Il comporte quatre phases :i) la phase de modélisation, ii) la phase pilote, iii) la phase d’expérimentation définitive et iv) la phase d’implantation à long terme. La conception-modélisation et le test du dispositif de soins au cours d’une phase pilote ont fait l’objet du présent travail.
Le second chapitre présente le site de l’expérience. Six districts sanitaires ruraux sont répartis en un site d’intervention (3 districts couvrant un total de 8 453 km2 avec une population de 726 651 habitants en 2005) et en un site contrôle (3 autres districts couvrant un total de 9636 km2 avec une population de 719946). Les 2 sites partagent les mêmes réalités concernant l’organisation des soins en deux échelons (centres de santé de 1er échelon et hôpitaux de référence), la couverture en infrastructures (avec un rayon moyen de couverture par CS d’environ 6 kilomètres), l’organisation de la prise en charge de la tuberculose et les résultats du contrôle de cette maladie. La fréquentation des services de soins curatifs est considérée faible dans les 2 sites, comme dans les autres DS ruraux du pays. Elle se justifierait par les barrières financières, les pesanteurs socioculturelles, les perceptions négatives des populations vis à vis des services de santé et l’absence de système performant pour la prise en charge des urgences et des indigents.
Dans le troisième chapitre, un cadre général d’analyse de l’implantation du dispositif et de l’évaluation de son efficacité est proposé. Des précisions sont données à propos des centres d’intérêt, du but final de l’expérience et des méthodes utilisées pour vérifier les hypothèses de recherche. Une étude du processus d’implantation sert à analyser les interactions entre les acteurs et à identifier les obstacles rencontrés de même que les insuffisances du dispositif. Une étude quasi expérimentale sert à évaluer l’efficacité du dispositif.
Deuxième partie :Phase théorique.
Dans le quatrième chapitre, les insuffisances de l’offre de soins par les CDTs sont décrites et une revue de littérature sur les dimensions du problème posé par la tuberculose est présentée. Les 3 interventions susceptibles de couvrir les lacunes de l’offre actuelle de soins sont alors identifiées.
Troisième partie :Phase de modélisation du dispositif de soins.
Dans un cinquième chapitre, le processus de modélisation du dispositif est décrit. Une simulation du fonctionnement du dispositif permet de prévoir les effets directs et indirects. Les outils de documentation et d’évaluation du dispositif sont présentés.
Quatrième partie :Développement de la phase pilote.
Cette partie se compose de 4 chapitres qui sont: la présentation des interventions, des résultats intermédiaires, des interactions entre ces interventions et le système de santé. L’évaluation des effets observés termine cette partie.
Le sixième chapitre présente la manière dont le dispositif a été mis en place et son fonctionnement. En partant d’une démarche standardisée, obtenue après une concertation entre les différents acteurs (professionnels de santé et personnes issues du milieu de vie des malades), trois interventions ont été implantées dans les districts d’intervention. Il s’agit de la décentralisation du diagnostic et du traitement de la tuberculose dans 24 CS (8 / district), la mise en place de sessions de groupes de parole dans chaque CDT au profit des malades et la mise en place d’un comité de soutien dont les membres sont issus de l’environnement socioculturel des malades.
Le septième chapitre présente les résultats intermédiaires de chaque intervention.
Le huitième chapitre an\
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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De, Allegri Manuela. "To enrol or not to enrol in community health insurance case study from Burkina Faso". Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2006. http://d-nb.info/985669829/04.
Texto completoDembelé, Sary Mathurin. "Programmes nationaux de lutte contre la tuberculose: partir des propositions des acteurs pour améliorer les résultats du Programme national de lutte contre la tuberculose au Burkina Faso". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210411.
Texto completoHypothèse
Le présent travail repose sur l’hypothèse qu’une organisation de la lutte contre la tuberculose prenant en compte les préoccupations et les propositions des acteurs (tuberculeux, membres de leurs familles, professionnels de santé, guérisseurs traditionnels, et membres des comité de gestion des services de santé) peut contribuer à améliorer les résultats du programme National Tuberculose (Détection des cas ;Taux de succès au traitement) et (Meilleure adhésion des professionnels de santé, des patients et de leur proches aux stratégies de prise en charge des malades tuberculeux).
Éléments de méthodologie
Figure 1 :Schématisation de notre travail
Les travaux ont été réalisés au Burkina Faso. La pauvreté et les conditions de vies difficiles (logement, nutrition, climat chaux et sec) favorisent l’installation de la tuberculose.
Dans le cadre de l’analyse de base de la lutte antituberculeuse avant l’intervention nous avons réalisé deux études:
• Une enquête rétrospective dans six districts sur la période du 1er janvier au 31 décembre 2001. Cette étude visait à identifier les difficultés du système de santé à diagnostiquer et mettre sous traitement les malades atteints de tuberculose.
• Une étude rétrospective de cohortes. Elle a couvert la période 1995- 2003. Cette étude a porté sur le suivi du traitement des tuberculeux pendant 9 ans de mise en œuvre du Programme National de lutte contre la Tuberculose au Burkina Faso.
Dans le cadre de notre intervention nous avons réalisé quatre études :
• Une étude qualitative :vingt-huit groupes focalisés et 68 entrevues approfondies avec (des patients tuberculeux, des représentants de la communauté, des membres du comité de gestion du centre de santé, des guérisseurs traditionnels et des professionnels de la santé) pour savoir leurs perceptions de la stratégie de prise en charge des cas de tuberculose appliquée par le Programme National de lutte contre la Tuberculose.
• Trois études descriptives à visée analytique en vue d’évaluer les résultats de deux ans d’intervention (Les résultats de la décentralisation de la prise en charge des tuberculeux de l’hôpital de district vers le centre de santé périphérique. Les effets de l’intervention sur les étapes de la détection des cas de tuberculose. Et la contribution des guérisseurs traditionnels au contrôle de la tuberculose au Burkina Faso).
• Nous avons fait une analyse de situation deux ans après la fin de l’intervention pour voir ce qu’il reste du processus et des résultats dans les districts d’intervention et aussi ce qui se passait dans les districts témoins.
Principaux résultats de ces études :
Avant intervention
• La première étude dans le cadre de l’analyse de base de la lutte antituberculeuse au Burkina Faso a montré que le niveau de dépistage des cas de tuberculose pulmonaire à microscopie positive est faible, du fait de la déperdition des cas dans chacune des étapes qui conduisent au diagnostic de la tuberculose. Le dépistage est dépendant de l’efficacité opérationnelle des personnels des services de santé, ainsi que du recourt au CDT (centre de diagnostic et de traitement de la tuberculose) par les patients suspects référés.
• La deuxième étude a analysé neuf ans de suivi des tuberculeux par le programme national de lutte contre la tuberculose et a trouvé que le taux de négativation des examens de crachats de contrôle du deuxième mois de traitement a baissé de façon régulière depuis 1997. Cela pourrait être du à certaines caractéristiques des patients telles que des affections associées ou surtout à un traitement incorrect (irrégularité dans la prise des médicaments, doses insuffisantes, apparition de résistances ?)
Les résultats de l’intervention
• L’intervention a commencé par l’étude de l’accessibilité et de l’adhésion au traitement de la tuberculose. Elle révèle que les patients tuberculeux expérimentent trois groupes interdépendants de difficultés pour terminer avec succès leur traitement (difficultés pour arriver au centre de santé, difficultés pour aller régulièrement au centre de traitement, difficultés à l’intérieur du centre de santé). Ces difficultés sont compliquées par des facteurs d’accessibilité géographique, de pauvreté et de genre.
La mise en œuvre pendant deux ans du paquet d’activités défini de façon consensuel par les acteurs (Patients tuberculeux, professionnels de santé, guérisseurs traditionnels, membres de la communauté) a apporté plusieurs résultats :
• Pendant les premiers ateliers qui réunissaient les représentants des malades, des professionnels de santé et des guérisseurs traditionnels, les échanges étaient quasiment impossibles. Les malades ne voulaient pas s’exprimer devant les professionnels de santé, les guérisseurs traditionnels se méfiaient des professionnels de santé et ceux-ci monopolisaient la parole comme s'ils étaient les détenteurs de tout le savoir. A partir du quatrième atelier, les échanges sont devenus vraiment interactifs et chaque type de participant disait vraiment ce qu’il pensait et abordait tous les sujets de la réunion sans se faire d’auto censure).
• L’identification des tousseurs et des tousseurs chroniques parmi les patients adultes de la consultation générale s’est améliorée (respectivement de 10,6% à 14% et de 1,1% à 1,8%). La référence des patients suspects de tuberculose vers le laboratoire pour les examens de crachats s’est aussi améliorée (de 66% à 78,3%). Cependant notre étude a mis en exergue un problème important et à résoudre qui est la faible accessibilité du laboratoire pour les patients suspects de tuberculose).
• En milieu rural plus de 46% des patients suspects ont opté pour la collecte de crachats sur place plutôt que de se rendre au laboratoire de l’hôpital pour les examens de crachats. La détection des cas de tuberculose a augmenté de (14 cas pour 100.000 habitants à 15) dans les districts témoins contre une augmentation de (14 cas pour 100.000 habitants à 26) pour les districts d’intervention. Nous n’avons pas noté de différence significative entre les taux de succès de traitement en comparant les districts d’intervention avec les districts témoins.
• Les associations des guérisseurs traditionnels ont identifié 248 patients suspects de tuberculose dont 44 (17,74%) ont été confirmés positifs. Ils ont ramené 87 malades absents au traitement. Justifiant ainsi de l’utilité de leur implication).
Nous avons fait une sortie de collecte de données et d’analyse de la situation dans les districts sites d’intervention en août 2008, soit plus de deux ans après la fin de l’intervention pour savoir ce qu’il en restait :
• La décentralisation de la prise en charge des cas de tuberculose de l’hôpital de district vers les centres de santé périphériques est reprise dans les plans d’action des districts concernés.
• Nous avons constaté que les outils de gestions des cas (fiche et carte de traitement du CSPS du tuberculeux, bulletin d’examen de crachats, fiche de rapport d’activités tuberculose du CSPS, registre transitoire de la tuberculose du CSPS) sont toujours là et utilisés par les professionnels de santé.
• Les associations d’anciens malades sont encore là. Elles tiennent leurs réunions périodiques même si elles sont irrégulières.
• Les associations de guérisseurs traditionnels mènent encore des activités de référence de patients suspects de tuberculose aux centres de santé dans le district de Gorom.
• La supervision croisée ne se fait plus entre les trois districts d’intervention. Elle a été jugée difficile à organiser par insuffisance de ressources humaines et matérielles selon les médecins chefs de district.
• Au Burkina Faso les directions régionales de la santé et les districts ont une certaine autonomie pour le choix des activités à inclure dans les plans d’action annuels. Dès 2006 les districts témoins ont planifié les activités suivantes (décentralisation de la collecte des crachats et du traitement des tuberculeux, implication des associations à base communautaire, utilisation des outils de gestion de la tuberculose dans les centres de santé périphériques. Ils ont aussi utilisé le module de formations des professionnels de santé de l’intervention dès 2006). La détection des cas de tuberculose était de 26 cas pour 100.000 habitants dans les districts sites de l’intervention contre 15 cas pour 100.000 habitants pour les témoins en fin de l’intervention. Deux ans environ après l’intervention, la détection est devenue 24,5 cas pour 100.000 habitants dans les districts d’intervention contre 23,9 cas pour 100.000 habitants dans les districts témoins pour une moyenne nationale de 20,5 cas. Le taux de succès au traitement était de 75% dans les districts témoins et de 74,3% dans les districts d’intervention pour une moyenne nationale de 72,8%.
Conclusion générale
Pour finir on peut dire que les éléments du paquet d’activités qui sont restés deux ans après la fin de l’intervention méritent d’être repris, organisés et intégrés dans la démarche de prise en charge des malades tuberculeux dans le Programme National de Lutte contre la Tuberculose.
Ce qui a manqué le plus, deux ans après l’intervention c’est la supervision des acteurs par une équipe de santé technique compétente et à effectif suffisant.
La tuberculose est une maladie et la prise en charge des cas est une activité d’abord médicale. Les activités peuvent être renforcées et les résultats améliorés par une collaboration de divers acteurs autour de l’équipe de santé. Le registre de la tuberculose du centre de santé qui se situe à l’hôpital de district doit rester la pièce principale du processus de prise en charge des malades tuberculeux. C’est dans ce registre que toutes les données de tous les tuberculeux pris en charge dans le district doivent figurer. L’équipe médicale responsable de ce registre est responsable du devenir de tous les patients tuberculeux dans le district. La décentralisation de la prise en charge des cas de l’hôpital de district vers le centre de santé périphérique implique des devoirs de l’équipe médicale du CDT à l’endroit des prestataires de soins des CSPS. A ce titre l’équipe médicale du CDT doit superviser et aider les CSPS dans une mise en œuvre efficace des taches qui leurs sont confiées.
Les membres organisés de la communauté peuvent apporter beaucoup dans l’information de la population sur la tuberculose, à condition que les contenus des messages soient élaborés sur une base d’informations techniques médicales vraies. La visite à domicile et l’accompagnement des malades graves par les associations seront utiles quand ils seront faits dans une synergie et une complémentarité de l’équipe médicale responsable du registre de la tuberculose. L’identification de plus de patients suspects de tuberculose et leur orientation vers les centres de santé par les associations n’aura de résultats que quand il existera un dispositif efficace de réponse dans le centre de santé ( laboratoires équipés animés par des techniciens de laboratoires motivés, compétents, en nombre suffisant et régulièrement supervisés par des superviseurs eux même compétents) ;(prestataires de soins formés à l’écoute des patients, motivés et supervisés régulièrement par des superviseurs compétents).
Notre étude nous enseigne qu’il est utile de prendre le temps nécessaire d’avoir les propositions des acteurs pour élaborer des stratégies qui rencontreront le plus possible leur adhésion. Notre étude nous enseigne aussi que plus il y a d’acteurs plus nous devons mettre en place des efforts de suivi, de supervision et d’accompagnement.
Le renforcement du système de santé (agents de santé compétents, motivés, équipés, supervisés et en nombre suffisant) est nécessaire pour la pérennisation de toute initiative et résultats de santé.
Since January in 2001, I am the National Tuberculosis Programme Manager in Burkina Faso. I thought it would be helpful to analyze TB cases detection and the outcomes of their treatment after a few years of tuberculosis control. Because of low results and looking how to improve them we made a research with the following hypothesis.
Hypothesis
This research is based on the hypothesis that organizing tuberculosis control buy taking into consideration the concerns and the propositions of the stakeholders (TB patients, members of their family, health workers, traditional healers, and members of the health centre Management committee) we can contribute to improving the results of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme (TB cases detection, treatment success) and (good adherence of health workers ,TB patients and their relatives to the strategies of health care to tuberculosis patients).
Figure 1 :Our work plan
The research was conducted in Burkina Faso. Poverty and difficult living conditions (accommodation, nutrition, hot and dry climate) are favorable for the spread of tuberculosis
As part of the basic analysis of tuberculosis control before the intervention, we carried out two researches:
• A retrospective research in six districts between 1st January and 31st December 2001. This research was aimed at analyzing the health system capacity to diagnose and to put patients infected with tuberculosis on treatment.
• A retrospective study of groups. It covered the period 1995- 2003. This study bordered on monitoring the treatment during the 9 years of implementation of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme in Burkina Faso.
As part of our intervention we carried out four studies:
• A qualitative study :twenty eight focused groups and 68 detailed discussions sessions with (tuberculosis patients, representatives of the community, members of the Health Centre Management Committee, traditional healers and health professionals) to sample their views on the tuberculosis treatment strategy applied by the National Tuberculosis Control Programme.
• Three analytic and descriptive studies, to evaluate the results of the two years of intervention. (Results of decentralisation of tuberculosis care, from district hospital to peripheral health centre’s. The effects of the intervention on the stages of detection of tuberculosis cases. And the contribution of traditional healers to tuberculosis control in Burkina Faso).
• We also looked for what was remaining from the process and the results of the intervention two years after the end of the intervention in the intervention district and what was happing in the witness districts.
Principal results of these studies
Before intervention
• The first study into the basic analysis of tuberculosis control in Burkina Faso showed that there is a low rate of positive microscopic pulmonary tuberculosis, because of losses in cases in each of the stages leading to the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Cases detection is dependent on the operational efficiency of health services staff, as well as the using of the CDT (Tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment centre’s) by the suspected tuberculosis patients.
• The second study before intervention which analyzed nine years of tuberculosis control by the National Tuberculosis Control Programme, discovered that the rate of negativation at the 2 month follow- up sputum examination has fallen steadily since 1997. This could be due to certain characteristics of patients due to an incorrect treatment (irregularity in taking medicines, insufficient dosages, and appearance of resistance?).
Results of the Intervention
• The intervention began with a study of accessibility and adherence to treatment of tuberculosis. It reveals that Tuberculosis patients experiment with three interdependent groups of difficulties for a successful treatment (difficulty in arriving at health centre’s, difficulties in regularly visiting treatment centre’s, difficulties within the health centre). These difficulties are further compounded by geographical accessibility factors, poverty and gender.
The two years of implementation of the packet of activities collectively defined by stakeholders (Tuberculosis patients, health services providers, and community members) has yield a lot of results:
• During the earlier workshops which brought together representatives of the patients, health services providers and traditional healers, deliberations were almost impossible. Patients did not want to talk in front of health service providers, traditional healer’s mistrusted health services providers and the latter monopolised all discussions, as if they were the only repository of all knowledge. From the fourth workshop however, discussions became really interactive and each type of participant expressed his thought and tackled all topics at the meeting without any ill-feeling.
• Identification of coughers and chronic coughers among adult patients of general consultation improved (respectively from 10.6% to 14% and from 1.1% to 1.8%). Reference of suspected tuberculosis patients to laboratories for sputum smear examination also improved (from 66% to 78.3%). However, our study highlighted an important problem which needs immediate solution. This problem is the low utilization of laboratories by suspected tuberculosis patients.
• In the rural areas more than 46% of suspected patients opted for the collection of sputum samples on the spot instead of going to the hospital laboratory for the sputum smear examination. Detection of tuberculosis cases increased from (14 cases per 100 000 inhabitants to 15) in pilot districts and it increase from (14 cases per 100 000 inhabitants to 26) in intervention districts. There was no significant difference between the two successful treatment rates, when we compared the intervention districts with the pilot districts.
• Traditional healers associations identified 248 suspected tuberculosis patients, out of whom 44 (17. 74%) were confirmed positive. They brought 87 absentee patients for treatment, thereby justifying the usefulness of their involvement.
We made the analysis of the situation in the intervention districts in august 2008, two years after the end of the intervention in order to know what was remaining:
• The decentralization of taking care of TB cases from the district hospital to the peripheral health center was written in the concerned districts year planning.
• We have noticed that the tools of cases management (CSPS therapy form and card of the TB patients, expectorations exams bulletin, CSPS TB activities report form, transitory register of the CSPS TB) are still there and used by the health care providers of this level.
• Associations of TB patients still exist. They hold their periodic meeting even if it is not regular.
• Associations of traditional healers are still holding activities to send patients suspected of TB to health center in the district of Gorom.
• Crossed supervision is not more done between the three districts of intervention. It has been judged difficult to organize because of insufficient human resources and material according to the chief’s doctors of the district.
• At the end of the intervention detection of TB cases was of 26 cases for 100 000 inhabitants in the districts of intervention against 15 cases for 100 000 inhabitants for the witnesses. Almost two years after the intervention the detection became 24, 5 cases for 100 000 inhabitants in the intervention district against 23, 9 case for 100 000 inhabitants in the witness districts. The significant difference that was existing between witnesses and intervention districts disappeared two years after the intervention.
General conclusion
As conclusion we can say that elements of activities that remained two years after the end of intervention are good to be taken, organized and integrated in the National Tuberculosis Program approach of taking care of TB Patients.
What lacked the most, two years after the intervention is the supervision of the stakeholders’ by a competent health technical team.
TB is a disease and taking care of the cases is first a medical activity. Activities can be reinforced and the results improved by a collaboration of various stakeholders around the health team. TB register of the health center that is located at the district hospital must remain the key piece of the TB patients managing process. It is in this register that all the data of all the TB patients cared in the district must be. The medical team responsible of this register is responsible of the becoming of all the TB patients in the district. The decentralization of taking care of TB cases from the district hospital to the peripheral health centers implies duties of the CDT medical team towards CSPS’ health care providers. Because of that the CDT medical team must monitor and help CSPS in the efficient implementation of the tasks assigned to them.
Members of organized community can bring a lot in the information of the population on TB, at the condition that the contents of messages are elaborated on a base of true technical medical information. Home visit and support to the patient seriously sick by the association will be useful when they will be done in a synergy and complementarily of the medical team responsible for the TB register. Identification of more patients suspected of TB and their orientation to health centers by the associations will only have results when there will be an efficient response in the health system (equipped laboratories animated by motivated, competent, and regularly monitored laboratories technicians by monitors who are also competent); (health care providers trained to listen to the patients, motivated and regularly monitored by competent monitors).
Our study teaches us how useful it is to take necessary time to have stakeholders’ proposals in order to elaborate strategies that will meet the most their adhesion. Our study teaches us also that the more there are players the more we must put in place follow up, monitoring and support efforts,
The building of a strong health system (competent, motivated, equipped, monitored health staffs) is necessary for the durability of all health initiative and results.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ouedraogo, Hermann. "Anémie chez les jeunes enfants: situation et stratégies de prévention en milieu rural du Burkina Fasso". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210436.
Texto completoLa prévalence (IC à 95%) de l’anémie était de 98,8% (97,6 ;99,9) parmi ces enfants, et la prévalence (IC à 95%) de l’anémie sévère de 29,5% (23,9 ;35,0). Parmi les enfants présentant une anémie, 65,1% avaient une anémie hypochrome.
Les enfants ne présentant pas de retard de croissance avaient un taux moyen (ES) d’hémoglobine plus élevé que les enfants présentant un retard de croissance :81,1 (2,6) contre 77,2 (2,8) g/L, (p=0,026). La prévalence (IC à 95%) du retard de croissance était de 35,8% (29,4 ;41,1). Le retard de croissance était associé aux pratiques d’alimentation de complément chez les enfants âgés de 12-23 mois. L’indice z-score de la taille pour l’âge était en moyenne (DS) de -1,33 (0,63), -1,61 (0,30), et -2,11 (0,32) chez les enfants pour lesquels étaient utilisées des céréales fortifiées, chez les enfants pour lesquels étaient utilisées des céréales non fortifiées, et chez les enfants qui ne recevaient pas d’aliments de complément, respectivement (p=0,018).
L’infection à Plasmodium falciparum était présente chez 52,6% des enfants, 25,6% étant non fébrile et 27,0% fébrile. En comparaison aux enfants non infectés, les enfants ayant une infection fébrile, mais aussi ceux ayant une infection non fébrile avaient un taux d’hémoglobine plus faible, les différences (ES) étant de 7,86 (1,75) g/L avec p<0,001 et de 3,52 (1,74) g/L avec p=0,044, respectivement.
Dans un contexte de prise en charge préventive et curative du paludisme et des géohelminthases, la supplémentation en fer pendant 6 mois a conduit à une augmentation moyenne (DS) du taux d’hémoglobine de 16,3 (13,6) g/L (p<0,001), alors que cette augmentation a été de 22,8 (14,6) g/L (p<0,001) pour la supplémentation en micronutriments multiples, soit une différence (IC à 95%) de 6,5 (2,0 ;11,1) avec p=0,003. La supplémentation en fer conduisait à une réduction de la prévalence de l’anémie de 40,6%, alors que cette réduction était de 62,0% avec la supplémentation en micronutriments multiples, soit un ratio ajusté de prévalences de guérison [PRR (IC à 95%)] de 1,62 (1,22 ;2,15), p<0,001.
Une farine améliorée à été produite à partir d’ingrédients disponibles localement ;elle se composait de petit mil (51,7%), haricots (8,8%), arachide (7,8%), malt de sorgho rouge (9,0%), soumbala (9,3%), sucre (12,7%), et de sel iodé (0,8%). La bouillie améliorée préparée avec cette farine avec une consistance de 120 mm/30 s (distance d’écoulement dans un consistomètre de Bostwick) avait une densité énergétique de 103 kcal/100 g, une teneur en fer de 2,6 mg/100 kcal, et une teneur en zinc de 1,2 mg/100 kcal. La production de la farine et la préparation de la bouillie étaient reproductibles par les ménagères.
La consommation de bouillie à chaque session était en moyenne de 29 ou 28 g/kg de poids corporel/repas, correspondant à 108 ou 105% de la consommation souhaitée, alors que la présence au centre de nutrition ouvert dans le village n’était que de 68 ou 58%, dans le groupe consommant la bouillie sans supplément de micronutriments et le groupe consommant la bouillie avec un supplément de micronutriment multiples, respectivement.
Dans un contexte de prise en charge préventive et curative du paludisme et des geohelminthases la consommation de la bouillie améliorée sans supplément de micronutriments conduisait à une augmentation du taux d’hémoglobine de 14,8 (11,8) g/L (p<0,001), et la consommation de la bouillie améliorée avec des suppléments de micronutriments multiples entraînait une augmentation de 17,3 (15,8) g/L (p<0,001), soit une différence (IC à 95%) de 3,5 (-1,0 ;8,1) g/L (p=0,13). La prévalence de l’anémie en fin d’intervention était de 67,9% et de 55,6% dans les groupes BA et BAM, respectivement (p=0,13)
Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité de mesures permettant de réduire rapidement la prévalence de l’anémie chez les enfants âgés de 6-23 mois de ce district. La stratégie de supplémentation en micronutriments multiples combinée à la prise en charge préventive et curative du paludisme et des géohelminthiases est la stratégie à préférer.
La supplémentation en micronutriments multiples pourrait être relayée progressivement par la stratégie basée sur une alimentation de complément améliorée au niveau des ménages, toujours dans un contexte de prise en charge préventive et curative du paludisme et des géohelminthases. Intégrés dans la routine des ménages et soutenus par une formation et une éducation nutritionnelles, les procédés de production de farine puis de bouillie améliorée devraient avoir une plus grande portée sur la prévention de l’anémie à moyen et long termes.
Anaemia is a widespread public health problem with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. Pregnant women and young children are the most affected. This work aimed at 1) analysing the anaemia situation among children aged 6-23 months of the rural district of Kongoussi (Burkina Faso), and 2) assessing the efficacy of integrated strategies. Two cross-sectional and two randomised, population-based studies were conducted over the January 2004-June 2006 period.
The prevalence (95% CI) of anaemia was 98.8% (97.6 ;99.9); that of severe anaemia was 29.5 (23.9 ;35.0). Hypochromia was retrieved in 65.1% of anaemic children.
Mean (SE) haemoglobin concentration was higher in non-stunted children [81.1 (2.6) g/L] than in their stunted counterparts [77.2 (2.8) g/L], p=0.026. The prevalence (95% CI) of stunting was 35.8% (29.4 ;41.1). After adjustment for children, mothers and household characteristics, and for current and past breastfeeding patterns, the height-for-age z-score (HAZ) remained associated with the mode of complementary feeding among children aged 12-23 months. The adjusted mean HAZ (SE) was –1.33 (0.63), -1.61 (0.30), and –2.11 (0.32) among children consuming fortified cereals, unfortified cereals, or no complementary food, respectively (p=0.018)
Plasmodium falciparum infection was noted in 52.6% of children with 25.6% being afebrile and 27.0% being febrile. Compared to uninfected children, children with febrile infection and those with afebrile infection had lower haemoglobin concentration, the differences (ES) being 7.86 (1.75) g/L (p<0.001) and 3.52 (1.74) g/L (p=0.044), respectively.
Combined with malaria and geohelminths preventive and curative care, daily iron supplementation for 6 months led to a mean increase (SD) of haemoglobin concentration of 16.3 (13.6) g/L (p<0.001), whereas the increase was 22.8 (14.6) g/L (p<0.001) with daily multiple micronutrients supplementation. The difference (95% CI) of haemoglobin concentration at the end of intervention was of 6.5 (2.0 ;11.1), p=0.003. Iron supplementation reduced the prevalence of anaemia by 40.6%, while the reduction was of 62.0% with the multiple micronutrients supplementation. The prevalence rate ratio [PRR (95% CI)] of children who were cured from anaemia at the end of intervention was 1.62 (1.22 ;2.15), p<0.001.
A new, local-ingredient-based flour was developed to prepare an improved mush for children. It was composed of pearl millet (51.7%), beans (8.8%), peanuts (7.8%), malted red sorghum (9.0%), soumbala (9.3%), sugar (12.7%) and iodized salt (0.8%). When this improved mush was prepared with a consistency of 120 mm/30 s (Bostwick flow distance), its volumetric mass, energy density, iron content and zinc content are 103 g/100 ml, 103 kcal/100 g, 2.6 mg/100 kcal, and 1.2 mg/100 kcal respectively. The flour production and mush preparation were reproducible by rural housewives.
The average mush consumption was 29 and 28 g/kg body weight/meal, corresponding to 108 and 105% of the desired consumption, whereas the child’s presence at the nutrition centre that was opened in his village was 68 and 58%, in the group consuming the mush without micronutrient supplement (MG) and that consuming the mush with a multiple micronutrients supplement (MMG). Mean (SD) haemoglobin concentration increased of [14.8 (11.8) g/L, p<0.001] in the MG and [17.3 (15.8) g/L, p<0.001] in the MMG. The between group difference (95% CI) of 3.5 (-1.0 ;8.1) g/L in mean (SD) endpoint haemoglobin concentration was not significant (p=0.13). The prevalence of anemia at the end of intervention was 67.9% and 55.6% in the MG and MMG, respectively (p=0.13)
These results underline the need of urgent actions to rapidly reduce the prevalence of anemia. The multiple micronutrients supplementation combined with malaria and geohelminths preventive and curative care is the strategy to prefer. However, this strategy could be progressively replaced by that including complementary feeding improvement. To increase the mush consumption and better meet the needs of young children, flour and mush production must enter the routines of individual households. If this integration is to succeed, it should be supported by a large-scale program of training and nutrition education.
Doctorat en sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Yaya, Bocoum Fadima I. K. "Feasibility of introducing an onsite test for syphilis in the package of antenatal care at the rural primary health care level in Burkina Faso". University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5007.
Texto completoBackground: Syphilis transmission remains a global problem with an estimated 12 million people infected each year. Ninety percent of syphilis cases occur in low income countries. Syphilis is a serious source of adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mother and infant. Ideally, syphilis screening should be provided as part of a package of maternal and newborn health-care services. This thesis reports on a pilot intervention study to develop, implement and evaluate a point of care test for syphilis in antenatal care services in rural Burkina Faso. Methods: This study used a pre post intervention mixed methods quasi-experimental design with a group of health facilities offering ANC services (primary health centers in rural area) as the sampling units. This study was conducted in three phases, which consisted of a situational analysis using qualitative methods (Phase 1), selecting an appropriate test through evaluating 4 candidate tests and the participatory design and implementation of an intervention that included onsite training, provision of supplies and medicines, quality control and supervision (Phase 2), and an evaluation combining review of record tools, interviews, time motion study and estimating incremental costs (Phase 3). The conceptual framework draws on multilevel assessment (MLA), policy triangle framework, MRC framework for designing complex interventions and the Normalization Process Model (NPM). Methods included document review, seventy five interviews were conducted with health providers, district managers, facility managers, traditional healers, pregnant women, community health workers, and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) managers in phase I and fourteen in phase III, non-participant observation, time-motion study, incremental cost analysis, and sensitivity, specificity and ease of use analysis of four candidate point-of care tests. Data were collected between 2012 and 2014. Qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis supported by Nvivo software. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean and median supported by SPSS. Findings: Phase I identified barriers to implementation and uptake of syphilis testing at health provider and community levels. The most important barriers at provider level included fragmentation of services, poor communication between health workers and clients, failure to prescribe syphilis test, and low awareness of syphilis burden. Cost of testing, distance to laboratory and lack of knowledge about syphilis were identified as barriers at community level. Phase II: Alere DetermineTM Syphilis was the most sensitive of the four point-of-care tests evaluated. The components of the intervention were successfully implemented in the selected health facilities. Overall, phase III showed that it is feasible and acceptable to introduce a point of care test for syphilis in antenatal care services at primary health care level using the available staff. The intervention was reported as acceptable, but of 812 pregnant women who came for their first visit 39% were screened during the study period. Rural facilities had higher coverage (66.8%) than the urban ones (25.6%). Quality control found no discordance between the rapid test and TPHA results. The average cost of ANC per unscreened pregnant woman was 3.11 USD (±0.14) vs 5.06 USD (±0.16) per screened woman. The main cost driver was the material costs notably the test itself. The test’s cost is comparable to HIV test costs, but funder support for integrating this additional test is less readily available than for HIV tests. Conclusions: The findings suggested that an intervention that introduces point of care test for syphilis at antenatal care services is feasible, acceptable, and of comparable costs to HIV screening in pregnancy. Nonetheless, instructions and supervision need to be clearer to achieve optimal levels of screening and quality control, and barriers identified by health workers need to be overcome. The point-of care test for syphilis is likely to be acceptable by health workers as a routine service and incorporated as a normal practice in Burkina Faso context.
This research was made financially possible by the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR); and the African Doctoral Dissertation Research Fellowship (ADDRF 2012) award offered by the African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) in partnership with the International Development Research Centre (IDRC).
Zerbo, Roger. "Dynamiques sociales des comportements de santé au Burkina Faso: approche anthropologique de la prise en charge de la tuberculose dans la région du plateau central". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209842.
Texto completoDoctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Kassie, Daouda. "Segmentations urbaines et disparités de santé dans une ville moyenne africaine : du paludisme aux états nutritionnels à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100020.
Texto completoThe urbanization is a phenomenon which modifies the living conditions and the environment on all the continents. Since 2007, more half of the world population lives in urban areas. However, much of cities of the developing countries are growing without control, exposing the populations to many environmental risks which have complex medical consequences, rather badly known. It is particularly the case of the small and medium-sized cities of Africa.By developing a research program on the town of Bobo-Dioulasso, the second city of Burkina Faso, where the relations between urbanization and health were sparsely analyzed, particularly by the medical geographers, we aim to analyze the production of the inequalities of health taking into account urbanization process according to an original methodological approach. Several health indicators were used, among them malaria and nutritional states, both on adults from 35 to 59 years and on children from 6 to 59 months, resulting from districts which have been chosen to illustrate urban diversity in order to thus maximize the amplitude of the differences in health between the districts but also within the districts. Our work constitutes the bases of more elaborate analyses of the relations between the processes of urbanization and the inequalities of health in order to understand socio-territorial constructions of them. It allowed important methodological projections as regards sampling of urban space and it introduces a typology of the city showing that its segmentation is implied in the production of the inequalities of health
Schleicher, Michael [Verfasser] y Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Klonner. "Targeted Micro-health Insurance in the Department of Nouna, Burkina Faso / Michael Schleicher ; Betreuer: Stefan Klonner". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/117801052X/34.
Texto completoWood, Tamara Michelle. "Nutritional Assessment of Rural Mossi People in Burkina Faso: A Comparison of Pre- and Post-Harvest Status". UNF Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/287.
Texto completoKagambega, Marcel. "L’assurance maladie au Burkina Faso : de la logique thérapeutique des acteurs sociaux, à l’appropriation des systèmes de mutualisation des risques sanitaires". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21807/document.
Texto completoLike of the other fellow-countryman of sub-Saharan Africa, the meeting Burkina still of enormous difficulties to settle oneself firmly of the cares of health of quality, and financially accessible to their populations. Insufficiency of the structure medical, high cost of the medical, personal furnishings, corruption, and bad quality of the cares is as much ills that weaken the medical device. Abandoned to they same, the populations use several therapeutic itineraries to solve their problem of health. Traditional healers, consultation of diviners, consummation of the medicines of street, simultaneous frequenting of the structure medical and « traditional doctors » are as much revitalize put to tax by the individuals, to defeat the illness. The beliefs of the populations to these practices remain very strong and answer to a certain rationality. Not only, they have been bequeathed of generations in generations, but they did their proofs and continue same to be a reference. To that, the study reveals that the populations adhere more and more to the systems of mutualisation of the medical risks. The individuals detaches to him of the constraints of the systems of academic organization in orienting towards of the much more autonomous therapeutic choice and individualized. Also, the study shows the dysfunctions, but also the hopes that give rise to the planting of the mutual thing of health, notably the mutual thing of Laafi baoré health of the casual sector, the mutual rural thing of Poa. These mutual know almost the same difficulties: cultural constraints, plurality of the therapeutic itineraries, poverty of the populations, irregularity of the incomes, delay of payment of the quotas, feeble pawning of the state. By another way, the analysis of the features socio cultural of the populations, we teaches the necessity taking in account, and as a priority the social values interiorized by the concerned populations in the setting up of the plans of health insurance
Ouedraogo, Saïdou. "L'impact des avertissements sanitaires dans la lutte contre le tabagisme au Burkina Faso". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1G004.
Texto completoSmoking cigarettes is nowadays a public health issue. The World Health Organization has made several tools available to the States, including health warnings for nicotinism. In Burkina Faso, the current health warning in force is in small size textual form. Social marketing literature has focused on the impact of textual and visual health warnings on the affective, cognitive and conative responses of smokers and non-smokers. Divergences still exist on the effectiveness of health warnings in a general way and particularly, those which arouse negative emotions. Thus, very little research has been carried out on illiterate individuals. Based on these observations, the present thesis aims to test the impact on smokers and non-smokers, of the current textual health warning in force in Burkina Faso and the 72 new visual health warnings proposed by the WHO for African countries. We conducted a qualitative study through individual interviews. The results show that the current textual health warning has little impact on the emotional, cognitive and behavioral intents of smokers and non-smokers. But, visual health warnings have a greater impact on smokers and non-smokers compared to the textual health warning. Health warnings that cause more negative emotions (fear) have more impact on the behavioral intent of smokers and non-smokers. A quantitative study has then been carried out to compare the current textual health warning in force in Burkina Faso with 4 new visual health warnings selected from the 72, following the qualitative study. The quantitative study’s results are in line with those of the qualitative study. With the exception of the « reading » variable, smokers’ level of education (literate or non-literate) does not influence the impact of health warnings. Gender and age range of individuals do not also have a significant effect on the impact of health warnings. This thesis helps to enrich the literature on health warnings in developing countries and on non-literate people. In terms of public health, our results suggest the addition of visual health warnings on cigarette packets in Burkina Faso to fight against smoking
Belesova, K. "Crop yields, child nutrition and health in rural Burkina Faso in the context of weather variability : an epidemiological study". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2018. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4649040/.
Texto completoSurel-Meley, Marie. "Vivre avec un diabète au Burkina Faso : Pratiques de santé confrontées au modèle global d'autonomie du patient". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3112.
Texto completoThis PhD dissertation proposes to examine local conditions of the insertion of a model of self-management of chronic disease in the context of the emergence of diabetes as a public health problem in Burkina Faso. The reflection is based on an ethnographic corpus that includes stories of illness experience, observation of medical activities and care practices, as well as the singular experience of the anthropologist involved in a therapeutic quest for his host. A socio-anthropological approach of a bwa village (Dédougou area) characterizes the local food social space and identifies the cultural and social dimensions of health and disease. Historical and political insights are invited to think about the relationship between patients and the local health system. The modalities of construction and practical purposes of lay knowledge about diabetes are questioned. Therapeutic itineraries of patients reveal the perception of social risks related to individualized eating behaviors. A logic of "resourcefulness" can "manage" diabetes in a context of uncertainty that increases the prohibitive cost of treatment. The current limits of medicalization of diabetes are analyzed with respect to patients’ quality of life. This contextualisation suggests that the local application of the global project to empower patients produces the emergence of new issues at the heart of care relationship. The thesis opens a reflection on the articulation between local practices, global model, and the paradigm of care, understood in the perspective of improving patients’ lives
Ouedraogo, Ramatou. "« L'avortement, ses pratiques et ses soins ». une anthropologie des jeunes au prisme des normes sociales et des politiques publiques de santé au Burkina Faso". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0036/document.
Texto completoInduced abortion without medical or legal request in countries where it is prohibitedsuch as Burkina Faso poses both a public health and social problems. It is this doubleproblematic that this thesis explored in order to understand the causes of the difficultiesfacing the country to fight against unsafe abortions, and the factors that increased thispractice among young people. Immersion in abortion universe (health facilities andlives of women and men who have experienced abortion) and interviews with variousactors, have shown that the way abortion is thought and treated in public space combineto create insurmountable obstacles to its constitution as a real public health problem andits efficient management. It is designed as a deviance and it is highly reprobated.Consecutive stigmata due to this deviance and its moral and symbolic issues mark theirseals to the process leading to social and political recognition of the problem. Therefore,abortion is partially on the public health policies agenda, and access to abortion servicesin health structures are accordingly influenced. The occurrence of abortion among youthrefers to practices among “young people” in a context marked by a mutation of the wayof accessing social adulthood status, as well as economic and statutory precariousness.This work shows that pregnancies that lead to abortions are the combination of aheteronomy and individuation impulses within young women in their resourcefulness tobecome adult and succeed socially and economically in the city of Ouagadougou. Thisresearch therefore contributes to studies in the fields of anthropology of the subject andthe anthropology of health
Gnassou, Josiane. "La crise environnementale : cas des déchets solides et liquides en Côte d'Ivoire et au Burkina Faso". Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0105/document.
Texto completoThe crisis context in which our world is evolving is a fundamental and inescapable question. Recent disasters all over the continents are the proof of this dramatic concern for our world and its biodiversity. It is variable: it is either economic, political, legal and environmental. That is why our work is about waste crisis. This problem affects all our civilizations and its results are irreversible for our natural system. Furthermore, it needs immediate and sustainable responses because it is linked with the future of our planet. All countries are concerned about this problematic. However, it shows different faces even in the same geographical area. This crisis is anthropogenic and natural. It involves all national and international stakeholders. Literature reviews reveal a lack of data in Africa and the failure of projects not unsuited to local contexts. We develop several theories: circular economics, negative and positive externalities and the theory of social and supporting economy. Our work is about the importance of informal sectors in Africa, the coordination of actors in the field and the development of green jobs. This positive way is possible with innovative communication strategies and the involvement of population in local projects
Kaboré, Wendyam Charles Paulin Didier. "Déterminants de la césarienne de qualité en Afrique de l'Ouest Determinants of non-medically indicated cesarean deliveries in Burkina Faso Maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with a trial of labour after previous caesarean section in sub-Saharan countries". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066399.
Texto completoIn Burkina Faso, the national caesarean section rate is still low (2% in 2012). However, since the introduction of caesarean user fee exemption in 2006 and the availability of trained staff to perform a caesarean section in the most remote hospitals, the institutional caesareans rates have risen steadily and it is unclear whether all of these interventions are necessary. The main objective of this thesis is to identify the determinants of an optimal practice of caesarean section in three western African countries that favour access to caesarean section. The results of the work carried out in the framework of this thesis show that the level of qualification of the health personnel working in Burkina Faso hospitals and his professional experience determine globally his level of knowledge in the management of labor and complicated childbirth. . In addition, regular supervision of his work by daily review of clinical records (partograms) seems to improve his performance. The level of qualification of health personnel in Burkina Faso also influences the practice of non-medically justified caesareans. But the social environment also plays a role in this abusive practice. The results of this research show that the systematic practice of cesarean section after an anterior caesarean section is not justified in this context. The results of this thesis led to the development and implementation of a multi-faceted intervention trial aimed at reducing caesareans without medical reason in West Africa
Rouamba, Toussaint. "Optimal use of routinely collected data among pregnant women to improve malaria surveillance in Burkina Faso: Contribution of Bayesian spatiotemporal modelling". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/314119.
Texto completoContexte :La lutte contre le paludisme pendant la grossesse reste un grand défi au Burkina Faso, malgré l'adoption de mesures de contrôle dont l'efficacité est reconnue. Les programmes dont l'efficacité est reconnue comprennent des mesures individuelles, telles que le traitement préventif intermittent pendant la grossesse, l'utilisation de moustiquaires imprégnées d'insecticide de longue durée et la supplémentation quotidienne en sulfate ferreux (200 mg) ainsi qu'en acide folique. Outre ces mesures, des programmes de santé visant à accroître le bien-être de la population et à améliorer la santé maternelle et infantile ont vu le jour, notamment le financement basé sur les résultats (en 2014), le projet de promotion de la santé dans 130 communes (mis en œuvre en 2015) et la gratuité des soins de santé (mise en œuvre en 2016). Cette thèse tente d'évaluer les effets des programmes de santé sur les caractéristiques spatio-temporelles du paludisme (morbidité et mortalité) par le biais de données de routine collectées pendant la grossesse et d'explorer les différentes approches de prévision pour relever les défis de la rapportage systématique des données de santé. Méthodes :Nous avons utilisé un large éventail de données et appliqué des approches quantitatives avancées tout en tenant compte de la distribution spécifique des données. Notre thèse est basée sur la valorisation (analyses) des données de surveillance du paludisme (agrégées par unités spatiales et temporelles) enregistrées dans le système d'information sanitaire du Burkina Faso entre 2011 et 2019. Ces analyses intègrent également des données de télédétection environnementale, des données issues d'enquêtes périodiques et des données provenant d'autres sources. Ces données ont été couplées pour constituer une base de données. Après avoir effectué des analyses descriptives appropriées en tenant compte de la complexité de la conception des données, nous avons procédé à une modélisation bayésienne spatio-temporelle pour déterminer les zones à haut risque et évaluer l'effet des programmes de santé sur les tendances spatio-temporelles de l'incidence du paludisme chez les femmes enceintes au niveau communautaire ;pour explorer une approche permettant d'estimer la capacité opérationnelle des établissements de santé à partir de données d'enquête conçues pour être représentatives au niveau régional (et ensuite quantifier l'effet de cette capacité opérationnelle sur les cas de paludisme grave et la mortalité) ;et pour explorer les approches de prévision utilisées pour relever les défis relatifs au rapportaga systématique des données de santé, pouvant aussi servir à un système d'alerte précoce du paludisme. Résultats :Nos résultats montrent une hétérogénéité spatiale et temporelle et indiquent que l'incidence annuelle du paludisme a augmenté entre 2013 et 2018, tandis que le taux de mortalité a diminué de manière significative. Certaines communes où la charge du paludisme est élevée ont connu une réduction de leur risque grâce au déploiement des programmes de santé mentionnés ci-dessus. Le risque qu'une femme enceinte meure d'un paludisme grave était 2,5 fois plus élevé dans les districts ayant une faible capacité opérationnelle. Enfin, notre thèse a proposé une approche pour répondre aux situations de crise qui affecterait la collecte de données et pourrait être utilisée pour fixer l'objectif ou fournir des alertes précoces pour les épidémies ou autres notifications. Conclusion :Notre thèse fournit des outils utiles pour la surveillance des maladies dans les pays en développement afin de contribuer à optimiser les ressources limitées dans les zones à forte incidence de paludisme. Les résultats de notre thèse pourraient être utilisés par le ministère de la santé pour renforcer la capacité des outils de surveillance existants et pour développer des stratégies rationnelles et/ou de nouveaux outils de surveillance des cas de paludisme et des décès associés dans les communautés.
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé Publique
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Poda, Baimanai Angelain. "La mise sur le marché et la distribution du médicament en Afrique noire francophone : réflexions à partir des exemples du Burkina Faso et du Sénégal". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1049.
Texto completoDrug is a public good of health and an essential element of the right to effective health. It has to be of good quality and its access should be made according to the needs. By questioning the safety and the access to medicines, we attempt to reconcile, law, economics, ethics and politics. In developing countries, the weaknesses of income and the limited production capacity of drugs are factors that alter the placing on the market and the supervision of medication. Once on the market, illegal parallel circuits that are difficult to control also disturb its distribution. Despite the efforts of the political authorities to make drugs available, many challenges remain. These difficulties are partly related to patent law. Indeed, the protection of the drugs confers a monopoly on its holder, which sets prices without any competition. These difficulties have led to the relaxation of patent law, but the use of these flexibilities is not easy for developing countries. The pursuit of health for all and the economic system respond to different logics and the concept of drug as a public good remains an ideal to be achieved, which probably calls for a rereading of the patent law
Ouedraogo, Mady. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle de la morbidité et mortalité liées au paludisme chez les enfants au Burkina Faso :apport de la modélisation bayésienne dans la compréhension de l’effet des mesures de contrôle". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/314449/3/Thesis.pdf.
Texto completoDespite progress in the fight against malaria in Burkina Faso, malaria remains the most important vector-borne disease in the country, and P. falciparum is the most widespread and deadly pathogen in the area. The factors linked to this high burden are the inaccessibility (financial and geographical) to health care, insufficient diagnoses, and inadequate/late management of malaria cases. The achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 3 in Burkina Faso is based on the successful implementation of a set of interventions for the prevention, case management, and epidemiological surveillance of malaria. The objective of reducing the case fatality rate linked to malaria to 1% by 2020 has not been reached. It is, therefore, necessary to carry out an evaluation of the effectiveness of malaria control programs (the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets, the use of Artemisinin-based combination therapy, and free health care policies), especially at the sub-national level, which will be useful for guiding decision-making at smaller geographic scales. Routinely collected clinical data on malaria can provide essential information for the assessment of inter- and intra-monthly/annual variation in the effects of malaria control interventions and the risk of malaria at the national and subnational levels among children under five. In Burkina Faso, a significant amount of data is regularly collected through the online data transmission system via the “District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2)”. However, the use of these data to assess the effects of control interventions on the spatio-temporal dynamics of malaria risk at the local (district) level remains limited in Burkina Faso. In this research, we developed spatial and spatio-temporal models implemented in a Bayesian hierarchical framework to (i) assess the effects of control interventions on the spatio-temporal dynamics of morbidity and lethality due to malaria in the period of 2013–2018 in children under 5 in Burkina Faso and (ii) detect health districts (spatio-temporal) that fail to achieve the PNLP objectives in terms of morbidity/lethality. These models use Laplace Integrated Approximation (INLA), a deterministic algorithm that provides an appropriate method for analyzing routine malaria data correlated in both space and time. We observed that the implementation of the free health care policy was significantly associated with an increase in the number of reported cases of malaria tested and confirmed compared to the period before its implementation. This effect was, however, heterogeneous in the health districts. In addition, we found that the monthly malaria case fatality rate declined during the period of 2013–2018. This reduction was significantly associated with the availability of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria and treatments. We also observed that the risk of dying from malaria in children under 5 years old was lower during the period following the implementation of this policy compared to the previous period and identified health districts with a high case fatality rate from malaria in the northern, northwestern, and southwestern parts of the country. Our results call for a sustained and strengthened effort to test all suspected cases so that, along with improving early case management, the burden of malaria in children under five can be known with precision. In addition, our results highlight the health districts in greatest need of targeted interventions, as well as the need to maintain and strengthen ongoing health programs to further reduce malaria deaths in Burkina Faso.
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé Publique
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Kyelem, Mathias. "Le statut de l’erreur dans la dynamique des apprentissages en sciences : proposition d'un dispositif pédagogique pour l'apprentissage de concepts relevant de la physiologie de la respiration et de l'éducation à la santé au Burkina Faso". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20227/document.
Texto completoThe study relates to the implementation and the evaluation of a teaching device associating the training by resolution of problem, the socio-cognitive debate and a didactic treatment of the error understood like only one information interesting to take into account to learn. The objective of this device is to improve the capacities of the pupils to solve complex problems which the everyday life presents by supporting the transfer and the integration of school knowledge. “The relation with the error is articulated and reinforced with values, it induces a report with the knowledge and a report with the other which, together and in a complex way, engages the person in her dimensions cognitive, emotional, social and axiological.” (Favre, 2004). The adopted methodological approach is the qualitative/interpretative approach supplemented by quantitative information coming from the evaluation of copies of the pupils in order to refine the comprehension of the impact of the experimental teaching device on their performances. The study was made in Burkina Faso. The following actions were led: a study of the representations of the error at the teachers and the pupils, and of the representations of breathing in the teachers, an analysis of the curriculum of physiology of the breathing of first option D Form classroom supplemented with that of the inspectors of secondary education. Forty teachers were trained with the teaching device among which, five of Ouagadougou retained for the experimental classes. Five teachers of Bobo-Dioulasso not trained were voluntary for the pilot classes. Observations of class were carried out on the attitudes of the pupils and the teachers and the quality of the interactions between them. The contents of the debates were transcribed and analyzed with the whole of the results of observation. At the conclusion of the courses, a summative evaluation of the trainings of the pupils was led in the ten classes. The copies were made anonymous and corrected by teachers not taking part under investigation. The data underwent a statistical processing.The principal results of the study are the following: • most teachers have a representation where the error is comparable with a fault and little of them have a relation with the error which engages them in the action, • thanks to the formation, the teachers could modify their relation with the error, to decontaminate it concept of fault and to create a teaching environment making safe to accompany the trainings by the pupils, • the representation of the error at the pupils is comparable with that of the teachers but much of them are from the point of view of correction of their errors; this representation is partly due to the strong anticipated apprehension of the failure in the event of evaluation, • the pupils showed themselves very participative with the activities of classes when they were not afraid any more to be mistaken, when to make errors their emotional security did not threaten; the debates showed a process of construction autonomous of knowledge, • the analysis of the programs showed an insufficiency of links between the various physiological processes providing the function of nutrition. The contents are deprived of a historical and epistemological approach of the concepts, • the evaluation in particular in the case of shows that in the experimental classes whose teachers were trained, the pupils better succeeded in solving new problems implying the mobilization of knowledge seen in class and necessary to carry out choices implying health, risk of tuberculosis
Belaid, Loubna. "Facteurs contextuels dans l'évaluation d'une politique de santé maternelle au Burkina Faso". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11812.
Texto completoSoubeiga, Dieudonné. "Facteurs organisationnels associés à l’éducation prénatale et impact sur l’accouchement assisté dans deux contextes à risques maternels et néonatals élevés au Burkina Faso". Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6991.
Texto completoMaternal and neonatal mortality remain high in developing countries. The magnitude of these phenomena is related to a constellation of factors. But a significant proportion of adverse pregnancy and birth outcome, in poor area, are attributable to preventable and behaviourally modifiable causes. Prenatal educational interventions have been developed in order to address the factors affecting the demand for effective maternal and neonatal care. Educational strategies targeting pregnant women include individual counselling, group sessions, and the combination of both strategies. These strategies aim to improve knowledge on issues related to maternal and newborn health and to promote the appropriate use of skilled care and hygiene practices at home. The World Health Organization (WHO) released practice guidelines in developing countries related to maternal and neonatal care including birth preparedness, during routine prenatal visits. However, few data are available about the effectiveness and implementation of effective prenatal education in these countries. This thesis aims to understand the impact of prenatal education programs in two contexts in Burkina Faso where maternal and neonatal risk are high. Written in the form of articles, the thesis addresses three specific objectives namely to: 1) examine the efficacy of prenatal education programs to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality in developing countries, 2) assess the association between different organizational factors and women’s exposure to birth preparedness messages during routine antenatal care, and 3) determine the impact of receiving birth preparedness advice on the likelihood of institutional delivery. For the first objective, a meta-analysis of data from randomized trials was conducted. To achieve the two other objectives, data from a retrospective cohort study were used. This observational study, designed specifically for the thesis, was conducted in two districts (Dori and Koupela) in Burkina Faso. The meta-analysis showed that educational interventions are associated with a 24% reduction in neonatal mortality. This reduction reached 30% in areas with very high neonatal mortality. In routine situations, organizational factors may limit or facilitate the transmission of educational advice to women using prenatal care. In Burkina Faso, the data indicate significant disparities between the two districts in the study. Women from Koupela district were significantly more exposed to advice than those from Dori. Beyond this regional disparity, two other organizational factors were strongly associated with exposure of women to birth preparedness counselling during routine prenatal visits. The first factor was the availability of print materials and aids (e.g., posters, pictures…), used by health professionals as communication support to provide prenatal clients with advice. The second factor was a lower volume of daily consultations (i.e., less than 20 consultations versus 20 or more) which meant lower workload for staff. Finally, advice received by women concerning signs of obstetric complications and costs of care were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of institutional deliveries but only in the district of Dori where the initial rate of institutional deliveries was relatively low. In conclusion, prenatal education is beneficial for maternal and newborn health. However, implementation and effect heterogeneities exist across contexts. Others experimental and observational studies are required to strengthen the evidence and more thoroughly investigate success factors in order to support policies. Future experiments should focus on maternal outcomes (i.e., skilled birth attendance, postpartum care, and maternal mortality). Prospective cohort studies with large and representative samples would allow for examination of events and exposures to interventions during pregnancy, childbirth, and post-partum.
Yehadji, Degninou. "Urban-rural disparities in HIV related knowledge, behavior and attitude in Burkina Faso: Evidence from Burkina Faso Demographic and Health Survey 2010". 2015. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/390.
Texto completoSia, Drissa. "Stratégies et déterminants de la vaccination au Burkina Faso 1993-2003". Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8852.
Texto completoIntroduction: Vaccination is one of the most effective and efficient public health interventions. As in most West African countries, Burkina Faso’s national program of vaccination has benefited from the support of numerous international and national initiatives aimed at increasing vaccination coverage. Burkina Faso’s immunization policy has relied on a variety of strategies, such as door-to-door canvassing for vaccination, the “Vaccination Commando” campaign, the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI), and National Immunization Days. While vaccination coverage of children ages 12–23 months has increased, it has nevertheless remained well below expectations, going from 34.7% in 1993 to 29.3% in 1998 and subsequently rising to 43.9% in 2003. Objective: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze, at several points in time and on different levels, the factors associated with complete vaccination of children ages 12–23 months in rural areas of Burkina Faso. Methods: To conduct this research we employed several research approaches and four sources of data: - the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 1998–1999 and 2003; - the Statistical Yearbooks of 1997 and 2002; - individual interviews with decision-makers at the central and regional levels, as well as with field workers in Burkina’s healthcare system; - focus groups and individual discussions with people served by the health centres, or centres de santé et de promotion sociale (the most peripheral level of the health system) and with local health workers. Quantitative (multilevel) and qualitative approaches provided answers to several questions; our key results are presented in three articles. Results: Article 1: “Individual and living environment factors associated with complete vaccination of children in rural areas of Burkina Faso: a multilevel approach”. In 1998, although the tendency toward vaccination rose significantly with household standard of living and the use of health services, these two variables did not fully explain the differences in vaccination observed between districts. More than 37% of the variation in complete vaccination was attributable to differences between health districts. At this level, even though district resources appeared to play a minor role in vaccination, a 1% increase in the proportion of educated women in the health district increased children’s chances of being completely vaccinated by a factor of 1.14. Article 2: “Rates of coverage and determinants of complete vaccination of children in rural areas of Burkina Faso (1998–2003)”. Between 1998 and 2003, complete vaccination coverage in rural areas rose from 25.9% to 41.2%. While district resources showed no significant impact on complete vaccination, and that of education diminished over time, the standard of living and the experience of using health services, on the other hand, remained the most stable explanatory factors of complete vaccination of children. However, they did not fully explain the differences in complete vaccination that persisted among districts. Despite a trend toward homogenization of districts, 7.4% of the variation in complete vaccination in 2003 was still attributable to differences between health districts. Article 3: “Local vaccination cultures: the role of health workers. A qualitative study in rural areas of Burkina Faso”. Exploration of local vaccination cultures shows that the diseases targeted by the EPI are well known to the population and are classified among diseases of the “white people” that must be treated in the health centre. People use traditional preventive measures, but they attribute the decline in frequency and seriousness of measles, whooping cough and poliomyelitis epidemics to vaccination. Post-vaccination fever and diarrhoea may be perceived either as sign of success or as a contraindication for further vaccination, depending on the views of the local vaccination culture. The two health centres in the study applied the same strategies and faced the same barriers to accessibility. In one of the health zones, vaccination is the best organized, the management committee is committed, and the health worker is more available, interacts better with mothers and makes efforts to be part of the community; this zone exhibits stronger social involvement. The health worker’s behaviour is a major determinant of local vaccination culture, which in turn influences the performance of the vaccination program. Both professionally and personally, he needs to build a relationship of trust with people that promotes their acceptance of children’s vaccination, as long as the service is available. Supplementary results: Burkina Faso’s EPI is well structured and supported by both a national political commitment and the international community. In addition to persistent disparities in immunization coverage, the program’s sustainability remains a concern shared by all the actors. Conclusion: Beyond the conclusions specific to each article, this research has enabled us to identify several critical factors that would help to improve EPI performance in Burkina Faso, as well as in comparable countries. The EPI has adequate resources, its technical and programmatic resources are well controlled, and various international initiatives backed by funding agencies have provided effective support. The human factor is crucial: when recruiting health workers, particular attention should be given to having open and empathetic attitudes toward people. There should be enough personnel at the peripheral level, and they must have an effective presence and availability. Relationships with the community should be strengthened by having management committees be more involved in organizing vaccination and by defining more clearly the role of village health workers. These points should become EPI objectives and be subject to appropriate monitoring and evaluation. Lastly, even though making vaccinations free has reduced financial barriers, there are still certain constraints that should be removed to improve access to vaccination services.
Traore, Issouf. "Geographic Determinants of Human Schistosomiasis Transmission in the Sourou Valley, Burkina Faso". Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0001-BB25-F.
Texto completoMunro, Kimberly. "Addressing Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: Insights from hospital ethnography". Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2892.
Texto completoThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is the most pressing public health crisis of modern times. Present international focus targets expanding access to life-saving antiretroviral treatment (ART) for people living with HIV/AIDS – referred to as treatment scale-up- in contexts with limited resources. Near perfect adherence to ART regimens is required to maximize individual and public health outcomes. ART is being scaled-up in African countries with under-funded, fragile health systems. These health systems are further plagued by a shortage of health professionals who play a critical role in the implementation and sustainability of ART programmes, including the provision of adherence support. This ethnographic study sought to explore the experience of health providers in addressing adherence to ART in settings of limited resources where ART is being scaled-up. The study took place in two hospital centres in the capital city of Burkina Faso; Ouagadougou. The study led to three broad conclusions. First, good organization is imperative in the delivery of adherence support services, both in terms of logistics and materiality. This infrastructure must extend beyond the level of the hospital ward, to the level of the health sector in order to ensure a sustainable impact. Second, the provision of ART within a comprehensive package of care is an essential component of effective adherence support. This involves equipping providers with tools to assist them in their clinical practice (laboratory monitoring, treatment for opportunistic infections, and additional staff) as well as mechanisms for them to help patients negotiate the trials of daily life (gratuity of care, literacy support, psychosocial support). Third, there is a need for improved coordination of nationally and internationally-led HIV programming for coherent service provision at the local level. Limited and short-term external funding affects the long-term availability of material and human resources, as well as working conditions and service provision on the wards. The results of the study contribute to the existing academic literature on ART adherence, to the design of future research projects, and to the organization of adherence support services.
Lessard-Bérubé, Stéphanie. "Chanter le développement au Burkina Faso : ethnographie de la rencontre entre deux champs d'action". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6069.
Texto completoIn the urban context of Burkina Faso, music and songs with a message for social education have become an intersection for traditionnal social practice, news cultural economies and participative development programs. This practice responds to specific local and international issues. As a common resource of social and artistic communication, music represents a strategic resource for musicians and local associations. For the former, we can discuss the role of the musician in contemporary society, between impoverisation and globalization. For the latter, music and songs with a message for social education are an innovative approach of Information, Éducation et Communication pour la santé (IEC/santé) and Communication pour le Changement de Comportement (CCC). In this research, we present the diverse levels of collaboration between musicians artist and local associations working in the healthcare sector in Burkina Faso. The ethnography presents the particular sphere of each group and analyzes the social negociations that results from their encounter. The research question proposed here falls between cultural studies and the study of social change. Hence, the chain of creation-production-diffusion commoditization allows us to study the history of complex concepts such as culture and developpement in a particular setting in Frenchspeaking West Africa.
Doulougou, Boukaré. "Hypertension artérielle dans la population adulte du Burkina Faso : prévalence, détection, traitement et contrôle". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12306.
Texto completoBackground: High blood pressure (hypertension) is recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Data showed that a quarter of world adults were hypertensive in 2000 and this figure was increasing. In African countries, the estimates provide a more rapid increase in the prevalence of hypertension, thus creating another problem to manage for the health system which is still dealing with communicable diseases. Economic progress and urbanization appear to cause changes in lifestyle in these countries that are associated with the emergence of non-communicable diseases including hypertension. Burkina Faso, a country of West Africa classified as low-income countries, have begun its epidemiological transition and it is important to make an overview on emerging non-communicable diseases. In order to determine the epidemiological aspects of hypertension in Burkina Faso, three specific objectives have been selected for this research: 1) estimate the prevalence of hypertension and identify associated factors in the rural and the semi-urban population of Kaya health and demographic surveillance system (Kaya HDSS); 2) Determine the difference in prevalence of hypertension between the formal area and informal area Ouagadougou city and identify associated factors; and 3) determine the detection, treatment, control of hypertension and estimate attendance at health centers by those with hypertension newly detected in the adult population of North Central of Burkina Faso. Methods: Our research took place in Burkina Faso. Two sites have been the subject of our investigations. Kaya HDSS, located in the North central of Burkina served as site surveys that allowed the achievement of the first and third objective. A cross sectional study was conducted in late 2012 on a random sample of 1,645 adult residents of the site. An interview followed by anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements were conducted in participants' homes. All persons who had elevated BP (systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg and / or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg) and had not been previously diagnosed were referred to a health facility. About one month later, a second interview was conducted with them. For the achievement of the second objective, the Ouagadougou health and demographic surveillance system (Ouaga HDSS) was chosen as the site. Ouaga HDSS covers five neighborhoods of the northern region of Ouagadougou. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010 on a representative random sample of the adult population resident Site (N = 2041). An interview followed by anthropometric and BP measurement were conducted during the investigation. Results: Our first article examines the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in rural and semi-urban areas. In total 1,481 participants were screened and the total weighted prevalence was 9.4 % (95 % CI: 7.3 % -11.4 %) with a market difference between the semi-urban and the rural areas: about one tenth of adults were hypertensive in semi-urban areas against one twentieth in rural areas. Multivariate analysis allowed us to identify the semi-urban area, old ages and family history of hypertension as risk factors. In the second article, we determine the difference in the prevalence of hypertension between formal and informal areas of Ouagadougou. On 2041 adults surveyed, the overall prevalence was estimated to 18.6 % (95 % CI: 16.9 % - 20.3 %). After adjustment for age, there was no difference in prevalence between formal and informal areas in Ouagadougou. In this urban setting, obesity and physical inactivity were confirmed as risk factors. In addition to the seniors who were a risk group, rural-to-urban migrants and widows have been identified as being at risk. Our third article examines the detection, treatment, control of hypertension and attendance in health facilities by newly detected hypertensive participants in the non-urban areas. Of the 1 481 study participants, 41 % had never measured their BP. Of the 123 participants (9.4 %) screened as hypertensive, 26.8 % were aware of their condition and 75.8 % of them were under antihypertensive medication. Among participants receiving treatment, 60 % (15 of 25) had their BP under control. Monitoring of two months allowed us to find 72 of the 90 newly screened participants. Only 50 % (37 of 72) had consulted a health worker and 76 % (28 people out of 37) of them received a confirmation of their hypertension. Conclusion: Our study shows the development of hypertension by level of urbanization of the population. Although infectious diseases are still the primary health care system, the fight against hypertension must be part of a general framework for the fight against cardiovascular disease. This struggle must be initiated now before worrying proportions are reached. Prevention activities such as the promotion of healthy lifestyles, mass screening and capacity building of the health system are to be implemented.
El, Khouri Eddé Christelle. "Étude d’impact : comparaison et analyse des données anthropométriques et biologiques d’enfants d’âge scolaire au Burkina Faso". Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13728.
Texto completoThe Nutrition-Friendly School Initiative (NFSI) is an initiative developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006 to counter the Double Burden of Malnutrition (DBM). TRANSNUT is a team of researchers from the University of Montreal, and a WHO collaborating Centre on Nutrition Changes and Development. In 2009, it participated in a baseline study in Burkina Faso, which collected anthropometric and biological data from students aged 7 to 14 years. Five years later, in 2014, new anthropometric and laboratory data were collected in the same schools but not from the same students. The aim of this study is to analyze the data collected in 2014 and to compare the results with those from 2009 in order to assess the impact of the initiative. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 12 schools in Ouagadougou the capital of Burkina Faso. Six "intervention" schools and six "control" schools were selected, taking into account the nature of schools (private/public) and their geographical area (urban/suburban). The total sample consisted of 651 schoolchildren (54,7% girls) aged 8-14 years old. Anthropometric and hemoglobin measurements were performed on all children, whereas serum retinol was measured in a random sub-sample of 184 children. Independent t-test and chi square tests were used for comparison of means and proportions. Mean age of the children was 11.4 ± 1.1 years. Rates of anemia and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) were 35.6% and 26.1% respectively. The prevalence of stunting was 6.3% and that of thinness, 7.2%. Among girls, 2.8% were overweight compared to 0.9% of boys (p = 0.036). Fewer students were thin in 2014 (7.2%) compared to 2009 (13.7%), and this difference was significant with p < 0.001. Also, micronutrient deficiencies were less present in schools in 2014 in comparison with 2009 (p = 0.007 for anemia, p = 0.044 for VAD). Our results point to a significant improvement in the nutritional status of school children in Ouagadougou. However, it is not currently possible to assess to what extent NSFI was involved in these changes, nor to attribute these improvements to his initiative only. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to assess more accurately the growth of the same students who are part of “nutrition-friendly” schools.
Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie. "The unintended consequences of a complex intervention combining performance-based financing with health equity measures in Burkina Faso". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24272.
Texto completoBackground: Poor quality and low utilization of healthcare services contribute to high levels of morbidity and mortality in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In response, the government of Burkina Faso tested an innovative intervention that combines performance-based financing (PBF) with health equity measures. Healthcare facilities received unit fees for targeted services and bonuses conditional upon the quality of care. To reduce inequities in access to care, community-based committees selected indigents, i.e., the poorest segment of the population, to offer them user fee exemptions. Facilities were also paid more for services delivered to indigents. Despite the potential of this type of intervention, many global health actors argue that it could lead to important unintended consequences that influence its overall impact. Yet, little attention has been given to studying the unintended consequences of this complex intervention. Objective: This thesis aims to increase the scientific knowledge on the unintended consequences of PBF combined with health equity measures in a low-income setting. Methods: We developed a conceptual framework based on the diffusion of innovations theory. Using a multiple case study design, we selected nine healthcare facilities in Burkina Faso. Over five months of fieldwork, we collected multiple sources of qualitative data including 104 semi-structured interviews, 266 recorded observation sessions, informal conversations and documentation. Participants included a wide range of stakeholders, such as providers, patients, and PBF verifiers. Data were coded using QDA miner to conduct a thematic analysis. We also used secondary data from the PBF routine management system to describe the evolution of services and triangulate results. Results: Interactions between the nature and implementation of the intervention, the nature of the social system, and its members’ characteristics led to important unintended consequences, most of which were undesirable. Providers were fixated on performance measures rather than on underlying objectives, falsified medical registers, and taught trainees improper practices to increase subsidies and bonuses. As a desirable unintended consequence, we found that some facilities limited the sale of non-prescribed medication to encourage patients to consult. Community verifications, in which patients are traced to verify the authenticity of reported services and patient satisfaction, also led to unintended consequences, such as the falsification of verification data, the loss of patient confidentiality, and fears among patients, although some were pleased to share their views. Lastly, health equity measures also triggered changes that were not intended by program planners. For example, providers limited the free services and medication delivered to indigents, which led to conflicts between parties. Discussion: This thesis contributes to the development of scientific knowledge on how PBF interventions, combined with equity measures, can trigger unintended consequences in a low-income setting. The results are useful to inform effective implementation and refine interventions, particularly in the health financing sector. More broadly, this thesis demonstrates the feasibility and added value of using a conceptual framework to study the unintended consequences of complex health interventions. This thesis can inspire and guide future researchers to broaden their analytical horizons to capture both intended and unintended consequences of health interventions.
Doré, Isabelle. "Prévention du paludisme au Burkina Faso : défis et enjeux de la promotion de la moustiquaire imprégnée". Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8178.
Texto completoTalato, Kabore y 杜倫多. "The Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Trained Community Members in Malaria Control in Health District of Pissy, Burkina Faso". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27337892895701251640.
Texto completo國立台北護理學院
護理研究所
97
ABSTRACT The Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of trained community members in malaria control in Health District of Pissy, Burkina Faso. Malaria constituted a main problem of public health and significant of standpoint a communicable disease in Burkina Faso. Malaria morbidity and mortality are higher and represented the forefront of consultation in all health districts centers. New approaches such as trained community members’ networks involvement is combined at all strategies seem to be effectiveness in malaria control. Thus, in order to examine the relationships among their knowledge, attitudes and practices, the influencing factors and activities of involvement in malaria control program, a correlational study design is implemented in one of semi-urban Health District (Pissy) located in the Capital of Burkina Faso. A structured questionnaire was administrated to 120 trained community members, randomly selected from 15 Health Centers and social promotion of Health District. The findings showed trained community members had fair knowledge, attitude and practice in malaria control, but significant difference was founded performance between urban and rural TCM in curative activities (t= 1.79, p= .005); and preventive activities (t= -1.84, p= .001). Educated and no-educated TCM in curative (t= -2.74, p= .001) and preventive activities (t= 3.08, p= .023).and also between female and male in curative (t= -1.66, p= .041) and preventive activities (t= .88, p= .051). Correlational analysis showed that education was the most strong associated with activities, following by residence gender and age (p<.01 and p<.05). Knowledge was positively correlated with their practices in malaria control (r= .179, p= .05). This is the first II study in Burkina Faso which emphasizes the contribution of demographic, influencing factors and KAP of trained community members in malaria control and also emphasize that knowledge and education in malaria play a vital role and enable communities to access accurate information with essential knowledge to prevent early transmission, to diagnose and treat malaria.
Porfilio-Mathieu, Lyann. "Étude descriptive des types de symptômes psychologiques et leurs déterminants présents dans une population indigente du Burkina Faso". Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23821.
Texto completoAu Burkina Faso, les informations sanitaires sur l’état de santé mentale des indigents vivant en région rurale est presque inexistante. Ce manque de données probantes a des impacts négatifs sur les services offerts dans ce domaine et ce, particulièrement sur les groupes vulnérables. Objectifs : Parmi une population indigente vivant en région rurale au Burkina Faso, le but de cette recherche est d’évaluer la prévalence de trois types de symptômes de santé mentale, soit les symptômes anxiodépressifs, somatiques et psychotiques. Ensuite, les déterminants individuels, physiques et psychologiques reliés à chaque type de symptômes seront identifiés. Méthode : Au cours d’entrevues guidées par des enquêteurs formés, les indigents (n = 1314) provenant de quatre districts sanitaires ont rempli un questionnaire qui évaluait leur état de santé physique et mentale. Des données sociodémographiques ont également été recueillies lors de ces entrevues. Résultats : Les symptômes se regroupent sous trois types distincts : anxiodépressifs, somatiques et psychotiques. Un total de 1234 (n = 93,9%) participants ont répondu avoir ressenti au moins un symptôme anxiodépressif dans le dernier mois. Les déterminants liés à ce type de symptômes sont les suivants : le district sanitaire, l’âge, l’état de santé, le besoin en nourriture, un événement dramatique survenu dans la dernière année, le fonctionnement global, le sentiment d’exclusion, les symptômes somatiques et les comportements stigmatisés. Au moins un symptôme somatique a été ressenti dans le dernier mois par 1087 (n = 82,7%) répondants. Ce type de symptômes est en lien avec les déterminants suivants : le district sanitaire, la cohabitation, un problème de santé, l’état de santé perçu, le manque de moyens financiers pour obtenir des soins de santé, le fonctionnement global, le sentiment d’exclusion et les comportements stigmatisés. Finalement, 256 (n = 19,5%) indigents ont répondu avoir vécu au moins un symptôme psychotique au cours de leur vie. Les déterminants en lien avec ces symptômes sont ceux-ci : le district sanitaire, le sentiment d’exclusion et les comportements stigmatisés. Conclusion : Les résultats montrent que la prévalence de symptômes de troubles de santé mentale est élevée chez les indigents interrogés et que ceux-ci se sentent exclus de leur communauté. Pour assurer l’équité d’accès aux soins de santé, les indigents atteints de symptômes de santé mentale doivent bénéficier d’un processus spécifique de prise en charge. Cette problématique doit être encadrée par des politiques de santé et des ressources sont nécessaires pour répondre au besoin présent dans cette population.
Beogo, Idrissa y 貝艾薩. "Health-Care-Seeking Patterns in the Emerging Private Sector in Burkina Faso: A Population-based Study of Urban Residents in Ouagadougou". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70308085326909252245.
Texto completo國立陽明大學
公共衛生研究所
102
Background: The private medical care sector is expanding in urban cities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, people’s health-care-seeking behavior in this new landscape remains poorly understood. Distinguishing between public and private providers and among various types of private providers is critical in this investigation. The dissertation aimed to investigate people’s choice of provider and medical expenditures in urban areas in Burkina Faso by disease severity and its associated factors. Method: We conducted a population-based household survey of a representative sample of 1,600 households in Ouagadougou from July to November 2011, consisting of 5,820 adults and 2411 children fewer than 15 years old. We assessed the types of providers people typically sought for emergency, severe and non-severe conditions. We further investigated the financial burden (and its determinants) borne by the 1666 participants who experienced a morbid event over the past 30 days. We applied generalized estimating equations in this dissertation. Results: Both adults and children overwhelmingly (at least 96.6%) patronized formal healthcare providers, except for nonsevere health condition. The formal provider seekers are roughly equally distributed between for-profit (FP) and not for-profit (NFP) providers. Of the adults, possessing insurance was the strongest predictor for seeking FP, for both severe (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.28), and non-severe conditions (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.07–1.39). Other predictors included being a formal jobholder and holding a higher level education. Similar pattern was observed from children population across the assessed conditions. The insured children, higher educated household head and good job position of the household head’s significantly predict the utilization of FP providers. By contrast, for both adults and children we observed no significant difference in predisposing, enabling, or need characteristics between not-for-profit (NFP) provider seekers and public provider seekers. The average expenditure of the people who had experienced a disease episode was 8404.02 CFA (SD = 14418.53, median = 3750; p<0.0001). Of all patients, private provider seekers (mean = 14613.34, SD = 18919.88, median = 8750 CFA; p<0.0001) and insurance possessors (mean = 22537.42, SD = 25916.23, median = 13600CFA; p<0.0001) had significantly higher expenditures than their counterparts. Conclusion: The dissertation empirically demonstrates that urban residents overwhelmingly patronized formal healthcare, particularly for emergency or severe conditions. The findings also reflect the increasingly important role of private sector, FP specifically. Therefore, more understanding and attentions shall be placed on quality of and expenditure incurred in private sector of healthcare.
Wangraoua, François y 汪國華. "FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SATISFACTION OF END USERS USING HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM AT NATIONAL BLAISE COMPAORE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN BURKINA FASO". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82437683344597339522.
Texto completo國立陽明大學
國際衛生碩士學位學程
104
Background: To guarantee the quality of the Health Information System and ensure reliable Health Information, any system needs to have a systematic and periodic assessment. Assessment through the end users satisfaction ensure a proper and sustainable functioning of the system. Objective: To evaluate the satisfaction level of end users using Health Information System and determine the factors associated at National Blaise Compaore Teaching Hospital in Burkina Faso. Method: A cross sectional study using a structured and validated questionnaire adapted from the HMN tool was used to collect data in 203 ends users of Health information System (HIS) including Physician, Pharmacist, Medical Laboratory Scientist, Radiographer, Nurse and Administration Staff. The study instruments were based on participant’s socio demographic characteristics and the assessment of HIS satisfaction. The data analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0. Reliability test was done after pilot study and before data collection in which the Cronbach’s alpha was 0.93. Multivariate analysis using a regression model was used to identify factors associated with end users satisfaction. Results: Out of 203 end users, 93.1% had more than 30 years old, 53.2% were female and around 15% were physicians, 7% were pharmacists, 5% medical laboratory scientists, 4% radiographers, 51% nurses and 17% administrative staffs. Positive correlations were found between Health information system (HIS) satisfaction and all HIS components in term of inputs (r=0.81; P<0.001); process (r=0.94, P<0.001) and output (r=0.84, P<0.001). Factors associated with the satisfaction of end users using HIS included HIS inputs, processes, outputs, working experience at NBCTH, satisfaction of computer training provided at NBCTH, being nurse, radiographer, physician, and belonging to emergency department. Conclusion: The sustainability of HIS largely depends on end users during the design, the implementation and the functioning of the system. Their satisfaction is a key indicator of good or bad functioning. The study result indicated to conduct regular and refresher training, and assess the end users need and their interaction with the system on a regular basis to achieve maximum satisfaction. Keywords: Evaluation, Hospital Information System, End users satisfaction, Factors associated, National Blaise Compaore Teaching Hospital, Burkina Faso.
Bouba, Djourdebbé Franklin. "Facteurs environnementaux immédiats et santé des enfants dans les zones de l’Observatoire de population de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)". Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13592.
Texto completoLike most cities in sub-Saharan Africa, Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso, has experienced skyrocketing demographic growth. This situation causes numerous problems from a sanitary and environmental standpoint. However, the ties between health and the immediate environment have still not been extensively studied, due to the poor quality of data which, when they exist, appear to be relatively ill-suited for such an analysis. This thesis aims to analyze the links between the environment and diseases symptoms, more specifically fever and diarrhea, two major environmentally-related health problems among children under 5 in cities in sub-Saharan Africa. This study is based on the data from the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Ouaga HDSS), collected between 2009 and 2010 with the goal of studying health inequalities in urban environments (including health survey data on 950 children under 5 years collected in 2010). The thesis first describes environmental health in urban environments going beyond the classic opposition between formal and informal neighbourhoods. It then examines the links between the environment and fever, taking into account relevant demographic and socio-economic factors in the analysis. Lastly, the thesis expands on studies on the co-occurrence of diarrhea and fever by underscoring the joint effects of environmental and demographic factors. Using spatial and factorial analysis followed by classifications, this study describes the health context of formal and informal neighbourhoods and analyzes the relevance of the dichotomy formal/informal neighbourhoods from the Ouaga HDSS. The study also performed multivariate analysis (simple and ordered logit models) to estimate the effects of the immediate environment of fever and the co-occurrence of diarrhea and fever in children. The results of our study show that environmental risks vary depending on the neighbourhood and the formal neighbourhoods, while better equipped in basic urban services, are the most exposed to environmental dangers. However, this finding is insufficient to explain the difference in vulnerability in child health across formal and informal neighbourhoods, as access to clean water, sanitation, the nature of the soil, and the mother's level of education are key factors in the occurrence of symptoms related to the environment. There is also heterogeneity in environmental health particularly in the informal areas. Considering the effects of the environment on children’s fever, the results suggest that the estimated size of these effects decline after taking into account demographic and socio-economic variables and the neighbourhood of residence. Environmental factors such as household waste and wastewater management have significant effects on the occurrence of childhood fever. For example, the risk of having had a fever for the children living in Nioko 2 (an informal and the poorest neighbourhood) is twice as high as for those in Kilwin (a formal and richer neighbourhood). The study of joint effects of environmental and demographic factors is also underscored in the co-occurrence of diarrhea and fever, even though these effects regularly diminish with the number of symptoms among children. Being in an insalubrious household or having a dirt floor increase the chance of co-occurrence of diarrhea and fever. Conversely, this co-occurrence declines substantially as children grow older. Environmental effects on the occurrence or co-occurrence of symptoms are found to exist, although their estimated importance are reduced when demographic and socio-economic factors and the neighbourhood of residence are taken into account. The results of this thesis underline the need for a methodological effort to refine the definition of environmental variables in cities in sub-Saharan Africa.
Daboné, Charles. "Le double fardeau de la malnutrition à l’âge scolaire en milieu urbain : une étude au Burkina Faso". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7013.
Texto completoThe aim of this study carried out in Ouagadougou was to assess the nutritional status of schoolchildren and to assess their lifestyle practices as well as their food habits and determinants, for the guidance and evaluation of a nutrition intervention. The cross-sectional survey included 799 schoolchildren in 5th grade (mean age 11.7 ± 1.4y) attending 12 private or public, urban or peri-urban schools. Weight, height, blood pressure and haemoglobin were measured and thyroid palpation was performed. Fasting serum lipids, glycaemia and serum retinol were measured in a sub-sample (N=208). A questionnaire was filled in classroom to assess consumption frequency of ‘healthy’ foods (fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, legumes) and ‘unhealthy’ items (cakes, cookies, candies, ice, soda) and underlying factors as well as hygiene and physical activity practices. Deficiencies signs were: low serum retinol, anaemia, thinness, stunting and goitre whereas cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) signs consisted of elevated blood pressure (BP), overweight/obesity, hyperglycaemia, and dysglyceamia. At least one malnutrition sign was found in 57% pupils. Anaemia (40.4 %) and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) (38.7 %) were highly prevalent. Stunting affected 8.8% of children while thinness affected 13.7 % of them. Anaemia (p = 0.001) and DVA (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in public than private schools. Goitre was not detected. Overweight/obesity was rare (2.3 %). Thinness and stunting were significantly higher in peri-urban compared to urban schools. At least one CRF was found in 36% schoolchildren. The main risk factors were low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) (19.3%) followed by high total cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol (11.6% each) and elevated systolic blood pressure (9.7%). Being a girl was independently associated with increased serum lipids including HDL-C paradoxically. Body Mass Index was independently associated with increased BP. It was found that the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) affected 27.5% children. Consumption scores of unhealthy food were significantly higher than healthy foods’ (p= 0.001). During the week prior to the survey, 25% of children had eaten no fruit, 20% no meat, 20% no legume, while 18.3% ate ice pop every day. Compared to public-school pupils, those from private schools consumed both healthy and unhealthy items more frequently. Urban school children had significantly higher unhealthy food scores compared to peri-urban schools. Children’s healthy and unhealthy food consumption was primarily explained by perceived control and availability for both types of foods, and maternal reinforcement for healthy foods and peers’ reinforcement for consumption of unhealthy items among the investigated explanations. This study showed that malnutrition is widely prevalent in schoolchildren in cities, concurrently with a sizeable prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Preventive measures should be tailored to prevent both dietary inadequacies and excess.
Ce travail financé par l'ACDI a été réalisé au Laboratoire TRANSNUT de l'Université de Montréal (Canada)en collaboration avec le Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (Burkina Faso) et HKI-Burkina Faso.
Niamba, Louis. "Conditions de vie, santé et soutien aux personnes âgées en milieu rural africain : cas de Nouna, Burkina Faso". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20445.
Texto completoMc, Sween-Cadieux Esther. "Évaluation de stratégies de transfert de connaissances mises en œuvre dans le cadre du programme Équité-Santé au Burkina Faso". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22686.
Texto completoThe use of research-based evidence (RBE) is essential for informing health policies, programs and practices, especially in low-income countries where population health indicators are still alarming. However, there are still few studies to understand how to improve knowledge translation (KT) processes and research utilisation, especially in West Africa. Thus, this thesis aims to advance the body of knowledge by evaluating different KT strategies in public health implemented in Burkina Faso as part of a research program Équité-Santé (2012-2017). These KT strategies were intended to create exchange opportunities between researchers and potential RBE users and thus reduce the gap between health research knowledge and its use. Three different KT strategies were studied: 1) a research dissemination workshop, 2) a deliberative workshop and 3) a knowledge brokering strategy. They involved a diversity of health system actors such as researchers, policymakers, health professionals and representatives of non-governmental organizations and civil society. An evaluation of the implementation and effects was conducted for both workshops and only an evaluation of the implementation process was conducted for the knowledge brokering strategy, because the initiative came to an early end. Complementary methodological approaches were mobilized during evaluation and different data collection tools were used (qualitative interviews, evaluation questionnaires and field observations). The evaluation results show that stakeholders have appreciated the KT strategies because they learned new knowledge and had a networking opportunity to learn from each other. However, these experiences have brought to light several issues such as the actors’ limited decision-making authority, weak engagement of political actors as well as scarce resources and organizational incentives. The presence of a strong leadership during implementation, partnership synergy, continuous communication skills’ development and long-term support to stakeholder also represent important challenges to assure an effective implementation of KT strategies. More studies are needed to implement KT strategies and evaluate their effectiveness. Based on the results, some general recommendations can be made. For example, it appears important that KT strategies are in line with stakeholders’ needs and resources, facilitate capacity building and include a real-time evaluative process to enable KT strategies to be constantly adapted to the implementation context. In conclusion, the thesis contributes to the advancement of knowledge about KT in global health by proposing a conceptual model to be considered and experimented during KT development and implementation.
Bottger, Garcia Carol Gira. "Analyse de la pratique des professionnels de la santé à l’égard des maladies fébriles aigües non paludiques au Burkina Faso". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20555.
Texto completoSamb, Oumar Mallé. "La gratuité des soins et ses effets sociaux : entre renforcement des capabilités et du pouvoir d’agir (empowerment) au Burkina Faso". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11925.
Texto completoThe present evidence on free selective assistance of health care is still insufficient and mostly focused on their effects on the use of health services or the reductions of catastrophic expenses. Most times, their social dimension is often hidden. The originality of this thesis lies on the fact that it is the first research that focused on the social effects of the free selective health care interventions. The results are structured under four articles. The first article shows that free selective health care interventions are well accepted since it is seen as a contributor to reinforce social connection. However, the choice of the target recipients is questioned. For moral and humanitarian reasons, communities prefer the inclusion of older people in the target population in place of the poor. Yet, targeting the poor did not lead to stigmatization. The second article showed that providing free health care to the population by the management committee members of the health centers contributed to strengthening their ability to act as well as that of their organization. Yet, for an effective involvement of the community, the study shows that their services must be followed by a reinforcement of their competence. The third article supports the evidence that the removal of health fees has enabled women to no longer have the need to borrow or negotiate the approval of their husbands to have money for antenatal and deliveries care. As a result, it contributed to their empowerment and helped them to reach other health (increased of assisted childbirth) and social goals (elevating their social status.) The fourth article explores the sustainability of free selective health care interventions. The results estimate that the sustainability level of free healthcare for indigent (Ouargaye) is medium corresponding to the highest level in an organization whereas the gratuity of childbirth and health care for children (Dori and Sebba) is precarious. This disparity is mainly caused by a scale difference (size of the population involved) and the magnitude (inequality of the resources involved) between these interventions. Other factors such as the modalities of implementations of these interventions (project strategy in Dori and Sebba vs communal strategy in Ouargaye) played a role. The study has lead to several outcomes such as: 1) The significance of taking into account the values of the population when planning reforms; 2) The efficiency and social significance of common targeting of the needy; 3) The ability of communities to get involved and take care of their health problems assuming that they are provided with financial resources and minimum training; 4) The importance of the process of sustainability especially the stabilization of financial resources necessary for the continuity of the intervention and the adoption of organizational risks in its management; 5) The importance of removing financial barriers to services in order to enhance women’s empowerment and its corollary , their use of social services.
Hébert, Catherine. "La vidéo comme outil de transfert de connaissances en santé publique au Burkina Faso : comparaison de trois genres narratifs". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22735.
Texto completoIn Africa, a continent where malaria is prevalent, fever is the main reason for medical consultation. Studies on the use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Burkina Faso have shown, however, that an increasing proportion of acute febrile diseases are not related to malaria (Bottger et al., 2017). Some of these cases could be dengue fever, as an epidemic of this disease was declared in Burkina Faso in 2013, followed by a new outbreak in 2016. However, Burkinabe health workers have not received adequate training to treat dengue fever (Munoz et al., 2015). This is a public health problem, since it is known that early detection and access to appropriate medical care can reduce mortality rates to below 1%. Video could help fill this training gap, as it is an effective knowledge transfer tool (Armstrong, Idriss, & Kim, 2011; Fiorella & Mayer, 2018; Yeung, Justice, & Pasic, 2009). However, its use has been little studied in relation to narrative genre. The present study therefore aimed to evaluate the relative effectiveness of three videos adopting different narrative genres (1-journalism, 2- drama, 3-graphic animation) in improving the knowledge of Burkinabe healthcare providers. It also aimed to determine what narrative elements enhance video as a knowledge transfer tool. The videos were tested with nursing students (n = 482) in Ouagadougou using a knowledge questionnaire. Three focus groups were held with students (n = 46), and individual interviews were conducted with health professionals (n = 10).
Atchessi, Nicole. "Recours aux soins de santé des indigents et des personnes âgées en Afrique de l’Ouest : cas du Burkina Faso et du Nigeria". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19257.
Texto completoProblem In African countries with point-of-service healthcare user fees, financial barriers are one of the major obstacles to healthcare-seeking behaviour, and the indigent, the poorest members of society, are the most affected. To address this issue, some countries have begun developing health programs targeting indigent people to help them gain better access to healthcare by waiving healthcare fees. Unfortunately, it is a genuine challenge to identify those who are indigent. In addition, few studies have assessed the impact of user fees exemption programs on healthcare-seeking behaviour. The majority of indigent people are older with significant health needs. Older people in Africa do not often consult health professionals. The determinants regarding healthcare-seeking behaviour by older people is little-known, although proportionately, their numbers are increasing in low- and middle- income countries. They are losing their autonomy, have little income and have a high prevalence of chronic diseases and functional disabilities. These problems occur early on, especially among women. Objectives The objectives of this thesis are as follows: (i) to determine the equitable nature of a community-based selection process for indigent people in Burkina Faso that aims to exempt them from paying healthcare user fees; (ii) to measure the impact of this user fees exemption program on healthcare-seeking behaviour among indigent people; (iii) to analyze the factors associated with healthcare-seeking behaviour by older people in Nigeria. Method The conceptual framework of this study is based on the model developed by Andersen and Newman, which groups healthcare use determinants into predisposing factors (age, gender, marital status, occupation), enabling factors (income, means and know-how to access financial, food or instrumental assistance, social relationships), and needs (presence of chronic disease and vision, muscle strength and mobility limitations). To determine the equitable nature of a community-based selection of indigent people, we carried out a cross-sectional study in 2010 in the Ouargaye District of Burkina Faso, in which 1687 indigent people were interviewed. The dependent variable was possession of an exemption card. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were performed. Next, using a quasi-experimental before/after approach, we assessed the effects of this user fees exemption program on healthcare-seeking behaviour by indigent people in Burkina Faso. To that end, 1224 indigent people were interviewed in 2010 about their healthcare-seeking behaviour. Among them, 540 were selected and received an exemption card. One year later, a follow-up was conducted, with a 55.3% retention rate. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were performed. Finally, using data from a national cross-sectional study, the Nigerian 2012–2013 General Household Survey, which covers all the country’s regions, we studied healthcare-seeking behaviour by 3587 older people, of whom 850 stated that they were ill. We attempted to identify the associated factors. Weighted bivariate analyses and a weighted Poisson regression were performed. Results In Burkina Faso, healthcare payment waivers were mainly granted to widows or widowers (OR=1.40 IC 95% [1.10–1.78]), to those who do not receive financial support from their household for healthcare (OR=1.58 IC 95% [1.26–1.97], or those who live alone (OR=1.28 IC 95% [1.01–1.63]), or with their spouse (OR=2.00 IC 95% [1.35-2.96], who have vision impairment (OR=1.45 IC 95% [1.14–1.84]), who have limited muscle strength and good mobility (OR=1.73 IC 95% [1.28–2.33]). The community-based selection process of indigent people is not completely equitable, although it did enable the most needy to be selected. There are gender differences concerning healthcare-seeking behaviour determinants among indigent people. Being a widower (OR=0.53 IC 95% [0.33–0.81]), and having vision impairment (OR=0.42 IC 95% [0.28–0.63]) were factors limiting healthcare-seeking behaviour among men but not among women. Chronic diseases remain a common obstacle among men (OR=4.05 IC 95% [2.84–5.77]) and women (OR=2.14 IC 95% [1.54–2.97]). User fees exemption is not associated with an increased use of healthcare services (OR=1.1 IC 95% [0.80–1.51]). Whether they received or did not receive exemption cards, indigent people over the age of 69 (OR=1.66 IC 95% [1.05–2.64]), who were male (OR=1.44 IC 95% [0.99–2.08]), who belong to a low-income household (OR=1.71 IC 95% [1.15–2.54]), and those who had financial assistance from family to access healthcare (OR=1.59 IC 95% [1.1–2.28]), are more likely to increase their use of healthcare. In Nigeria, only 53% of older people consulted a health practitioner after an episode of illness. Lack of education (PR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.60–0.8]), low household income (PR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.5–0.9]), and residence in Nigeria’s South South (PR = 0.59 95% CI [0.4–0.7]) and South West zones (PR = 0.60 95% CI [0.4–0.7]) constituted limitations to consulting a health practitioner. Conclusion Community-based selection is one method that appears to have made it possible to select indigent people with a high prevalence of health needs and obstacles to seeking healthcare. Healthcare payment waivers are not sufficient to increase their healthcare-seeking behaviour. Healthcare use determinants differ according to gender, but chronic disease constitutes a common theme. Elderly and indigent people have common characteristics, such as advanced age, but some factors that determine their healthcare-seeking behaviour differ. The common determinant is the financial factor, i.e., the contributory capacity of these people in a context where the user pays. Until there is universal healthcare coverage, it would be appropriate to ensure that activities to improve healthcare-seeking behaviour primarily target populations with significant needs, such as indigent and elderly people, by removing financial barriers. For indigent people, however, additional measures must be included, such as accompaniment, transportation and accommodation expenses. And activities must also take existing gender differences into account among the factors determining their healthcare-seeking behaviour.
Zeba, Augustin Nawidimbasba (ZAN). "Transition nutritionnelle et double fardeau de la malnutrition chez des adultes de Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso (Afrique de l’Ouest)". Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8754.
Texto completoThis study is a part of a project on the double burden of malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa, developed and implemented by TRANSNUT, a WHO collaborating centre on nutrition changes and development, of the Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, in collaboration with its partners in Burkina Faso (Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé and Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population). The study is among the first to focus on the double burden of malnutrition in French speaking Africa and aimed to describe the occurrence of the double burden among adults living in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, by determining its prevalence and to what extent it was related to life style factors. More specifically, the study aimed to: 1) describe nutrition deficiencies, cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRF) and double burden phenotypes, to 2) examine the relationship between lifestyle characteristics and the double burden of malnutrition, and finally, 3) to examine the relationship between subclinical inflammation and both CMRF and nutrition deficiencies. We hypothesised that: ‘among the adults of Ouagadougou, the more frequent phenotype of double burden of malnutrition is the association of overweight/obesity with at least one micronutrient deficiency, which is more prevalent in women’; ‘an inadequate quality of the diet related to poor socioeconomic and living conditions is associated to both CMRF and micronutrients deficiencies’ and finally, that ‘subclinical inflammation is a mediator variable between lifestyle and both CMRF and nutrition deficiencies’. We carried out a population based cross-sectional study, descriptive and analytical, with a random sample of 330 adults aged 25-60y, selected from the population observatory of Ouagadougou located in the northern district. This sample was stratified in three income groups using household assets as a proxy of socioeconomic status, with 110 subjects in the following three income strata: low, middle and high. Each subject provided sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical and lifestyle data and a blood sample for the assessment of the following study variables: age, and socioeconomic conditions (food insecurity, education and income); lifestyle factors (dietary intake and diet quality, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco consumption, body image perception, and psychosocial stress); subclinical inflammation; CMRF (overweight/obesity, high blood pressure or hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance); nutritional deficiency markers ( underweight, anaemia, iron and vitamin A deficiencies); the double burden of malnutrition phenotypes featured by combining CMRF with nutrition deficiencies factors. We reported a high prevalence of overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and low concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which was 24.2%, 12.5%, 21.9%, 22.3%, 25.1%, and 30.0% respectively. When using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) cut-offs for abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and hyperglycaemia, their prevalence were 23.5%, 36.1%, and 34.5% respectively. Anaemia, iron and vitamin A deficiencies and underweight were found in 25.5%, 15.4%, 12.7%, and 9.7% of subjects, respectively. Women were more affected by both CMRF and deficiencies than men. When combining CMRF and deficiencies within the same individual, the double burden of malnutrition was reported in 23.5% of subjects and even in 25.8% of them when IDF cut-offs for abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and hyperglycaemia were used. Two main phenotypes were reported: the co-occurrence of ‘overweight/obesity with at least one micronutrient deficiency’, with a prevalence rate of 7.8% (11.8 % ♀ vs. 3.4 % ♂); and the co-occurrence of ‘CMRF other than overweight/obesity with at least one micronutrient deficiency’, with a prevalence rate of 9.0% (12.4 % ♀ vs. 5.4 % ♂). This prevalences was higher when using IDF cut-offs instead of WHO cut-offs. Finally, 72.9% of the subjects exhibited at least one CMRF and even 81.2% of the subjects when using IDF cut-offs. We also identified in this study population two dietary patterns: “urban” and “traditional”. Nutritional deficiencies were associated with ‘traditional’ dietary pattern, whereas CMRF were found in both patterns without statistical difference. The “urban” dietary pattern was significantly more common in men, high income subjects, whereas low income subjects and women were significantly more numerous in the ‘traditional’ one. Time devoted to sedentary activities was significantly higher than time spent in moderate to vigorous activities. Time in moderate to vigorous activities was significantly and negatively associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat mass, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceridemia, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while BMI and WC were associated to sedentary time. The double burden of malnutrition was associated to low income status, women, and sedentary time. We reported that 39.4% of the subjects exhibited subclinical inflammation, which was independently and positively associated with serum ferritin, BMI, WC, body fat mass, and negatively to HDL-C. Body image evaluation revealed that overweight was perceived as desirable body image among the study subjects. Psychosocial stress was associated with hypertension and subjects who probably faced stunting during infancy (using Cormic Index) exhibited significantly higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. The results allowed us to achieve the study objectives and confirm our hypotheses. CMRF represents an overwhelming issue in adults of Ouagadougou complicated with their coexistence with nutritional deficiencies, also highly prevalent. A nutrition transition is at play in the city, contributing to lifestyle changes favorable to the double burden of malnutrition in such a context where the early life nutritional conditions of the subjects may put them at further enhancement of CMRF. The progression of this prevalence can still be averted or at least be slowed if suitable actions were taken from now.
Zeba, Augustin Nawidimbasba. "Transition nutritionnelle et double fardeau de la malnutrition chez des adultes de Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso (Afrique de l’Ouest)". Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8754.
Texto completoThis study is a part of a project on the double burden of malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa, developed and implemented by TRANSNUT, a WHO collaborating centre on nutrition changes and development, of the Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, in collaboration with its partners in Burkina Faso (Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé and Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population). The study is among the first to focus on the double burden of malnutrition in French speaking Africa and aimed to describe the occurrence of the double burden among adults living in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, by determining its prevalence and to what extent it was related to life style factors. More specifically, the study aimed to: 1) describe nutrition deficiencies, cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRF) and double burden phenotypes, to 2) examine the relationship between lifestyle characteristics and the double burden of malnutrition, and finally, 3) to examine the relationship between subclinical inflammation and both CMRF and nutrition deficiencies. We hypothesised that: ‘among the adults of Ouagadougou, the more frequent phenotype of double burden of malnutrition is the association of overweight/obesity with at least one micronutrient deficiency, which is more prevalent in women’; ‘an inadequate quality of the diet related to poor socioeconomic and living conditions is associated to both CMRF and micronutrients deficiencies’ and finally, that ‘subclinical inflammation is a mediator variable between lifestyle and both CMRF and nutrition deficiencies’. We carried out a population based cross-sectional study, descriptive and analytical, with a random sample of 330 adults aged 25-60y, selected from the population observatory of Ouagadougou located in the northern district. This sample was stratified in three income groups using household assets as a proxy of socioeconomic status, with 110 subjects in the following three income strata: low, middle and high. Each subject provided sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical and lifestyle data and a blood sample for the assessment of the following study variables: age, and socioeconomic conditions (food insecurity, education and income); lifestyle factors (dietary intake and diet quality, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco consumption, body image perception, and psychosocial stress); subclinical inflammation; CMRF (overweight/obesity, high blood pressure or hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance); nutritional deficiency markers ( underweight, anaemia, iron and vitamin A deficiencies); the double burden of malnutrition phenotypes featured by combining CMRF with nutrition deficiencies factors. We reported a high prevalence of overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance and low concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), which was 24.2%, 12.5%, 21.9%, 22.3%, 25.1%, and 30.0% respectively. When using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) cut-offs for abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and hyperglycaemia, their prevalence were 23.5%, 36.1%, and 34.5% respectively. Anaemia, iron and vitamin A deficiencies and underweight were found in 25.5%, 15.4%, 12.7%, and 9.7% of subjects, respectively. Women were more affected by both CMRF and deficiencies than men. When combining CMRF and deficiencies within the same individual, the double burden of malnutrition was reported in 23.5% of subjects and even in 25.8% of them when IDF cut-offs for abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, and hyperglycaemia were used. Two main phenotypes were reported: the co-occurrence of ‘overweight/obesity with at least one micronutrient deficiency’, with a prevalence rate of 7.8% (11.8 % ♀ vs. 3.4 % ♂); and the co-occurrence of ‘CMRF other than overweight/obesity with at least one micronutrient deficiency’, with a prevalence rate of 9.0% (12.4 % ♀ vs. 5.4 % ♂). This prevalences was higher when using IDF cut-offs instead of WHO cut-offs. Finally, 72.9% of the subjects exhibited at least one CMRF and even 81.2% of the subjects when using IDF cut-offs. We also identified in this study population two dietary patterns: “urban” and “traditional”. Nutritional deficiencies were associated with ‘traditional’ dietary pattern, whereas CMRF were found in both patterns without statistical difference. The “urban” dietary pattern was significantly more common in men, high income subjects, whereas low income subjects and women were significantly more numerous in the ‘traditional’ one. Time devoted to sedentary activities was significantly higher than time spent in moderate to vigorous activities. Time in moderate to vigorous activities was significantly and negatively associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat mass, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceridemia, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), while BMI and WC were associated to sedentary time. The double burden of malnutrition was associated to low income status, women, and sedentary time. We reported that 39.4% of the subjects exhibited subclinical inflammation, which was independently and positively associated with serum ferritin, BMI, WC, body fat mass, and negatively to HDL-C. Body image evaluation revealed that overweight was perceived as desirable body image among the study subjects. Psychosocial stress was associated with hypertension and subjects who probably faced stunting during infancy (using Cormic Index) exhibited significantly higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. The results allowed us to achieve the study objectives and confirm our hypotheses. CMRF represents an overwhelming issue in adults of Ouagadougou complicated with their coexistence with nutritional deficiencies, also highly prevalent. A nutrition transition is at play in the city, contributing to lifestyle changes favorable to the double burden of malnutrition in such a context where the early life nutritional conditions of the subjects may put them at further enhancement of CMRF. The progression of this prevalence can still be averted or at least be slowed if suitable actions were taken from now.