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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Mid-Pleistocene transition"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 27 de abril de 2022

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1

Huybers, P. "Pleistocene glacial variability as a chaotic response to obliquity forcing". Climate of the Past Discussions 5, n.º 1 (21 de enero de 2009): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-5-237-2009.

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Abstract. The mid-Pleistocene transition from 40 ky to ~100 ky glacial cycles is generally characterized as a singular transition attributable to scouring of continental regolith or a long-term decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Here an alternative hypothesis is suggested, that Pleistocene glacial variability is chaotic and that transitions from 40 ky to ~100 ky modes of variability occur spontaneously. This alternate view is consistent with the presence of ~80 ky glacial cycles during the early Pleistocene and the lack of evidence for a change in climate forcing during the mid-Pleistocene. A simple model illustrates this chaotic scenario. When forced at a 40 ky period the model chaotically transition between small 40 ky glacial cycles and larger 80 and 120 ky cycles which, on average, give the ~100 ky variability.

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2

Huybers, P. "Pleistocene glacial variability as a chaotic response to obliquity forcing". Climate of the Past 5, n.º 3 (3 de septiembre de 2009): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-481-2009.

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Abstract. The mid-Pleistocene Transition from 40 ky to ~100 ky glacial cycles is generally characterized as a singular transition attributable to scouring of continental regolith or a long-term decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Here an alternative hypothesis is suggested, that Pleistocene glacial variability is chaotic and that transitions from 40 ky to ~100 ky modes of variability occur spontaneously. This alternate view is consistent with the presence of ~80 ky glacial cycles during the early Pleistocene and the lack of evidence for a change in climate forcing during the mid-Pleistocene. A simple model illustrates this chaotic scenario. When forced at a 40 ky period the model chaotically transitions between small 40 ky glacial cycles and larger 80 and 120 ky cycles which, on average, give the ~100 ky variability.

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3

Maasch, KA. "Statistical detection of the mid-Pleistocene transition". Climate Dynamics 2, n.º 3 (febrero de 1988): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01053471.

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4

Ao, Hong, Eelco J. Rohling, Chris Stringer, Andrew P. Roberts, Mark J. Dekkers, Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Jimin Yu et al. "Two-stage mid-Brunhes climate transition and mid-Pleistocene human diversification". Earth-Science Reviews 210 (noviembre de 2020): 103354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103354.

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5

Bowler, Jim M. y Mike Sandiford. "Dynamic Antarctic Ice: Agent for Mid-Pleistocene Transition". PAGES news 15, n.º 2 (octubre de 2007): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22498/pages.15.2.16.

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6

Tabor, Clay R. y Christopher J. Poulsen. "Simulating the mid-Pleistocene transition through regolith removal". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 434 (enero de 2016): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.11.034.

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7

Medina-Elizalde, M. "The Mid-Pleistocene Transition in the Tropical Pacific". Science 310, n.º 5750 (11 de noviembre de 2005): 1009–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1115933.

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8

WANG, Ting, YouBin SUN y XingXing LIU. "Mid-Pleistocene climate transition: Characteristic, mechanism and perspective". Chinese Science Bulletin 62, n.º 33 (1 de noviembre de 2017): 3861–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n972017-00427.

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9

Diester-Haass, Liselotte, Katharina Billups y Caroline Lear. "Productivity changes across the mid-Pleistocene climate transition". Earth-Science Reviews 179 (abril de 2018): 372–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.02.016.

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10

Deblonde, G. y W. R. Peltier. "A Paleoclimatic Model of the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition". Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500008247.

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A one-dimensional time-dependent ice-sheet model is employed to simulate ice-volume variations throughout the Pleistocene epoch of Earth history. The model is based upon the explicitly-described physics of ice-sheet accumulation and flow and the physics of the viscoeleastic relaxation of the Earth under the weight of the ice load. The model of the viscoelastic relaxation of the Earth incorporates the vertical variation of density and viscosity of its interior in great detail. An abrupt variation of some of the parameters that govern the height of the ice-sheet equilibrium line, and a gradual increase in the strength of a generalized feedback mechanism that is turned on after mid-Pleistocene time, lead to simulation of ice volume that has the general features of observed δ18O records, in particular the new high-resolution oxygen-isotope record from site ODP 677 (Peltier and others, 1989).

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11

Ford, Heather L., Sindia M. Sosdian, Yair Rosenthal y Maureen E. Raymo. "Gradual and abrupt changes during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition". Quaternary Science Reviews 148 (septiembre de 2016): 222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.07.005.

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12

Deblonde, G. y W. R. Peltier. "A Paleoclimatic Model of the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition". Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500008247.

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A one-dimensional time-dependent ice-sheet model is employed to simulate ice-volume variations throughout the Pleistocene epoch of Earth history. The model is based upon the explicitly-described physics of ice-sheet accumulation and flow and the physics of the viscoeleastic relaxation of the Earth under the weight of the ice load. The model of the viscoelastic relaxation of the Earth incorporates the vertical variation of density and viscosity of its interior in great detail. An abrupt variation of some of the parameters that govern the height of the ice-sheet equilibrium line, and a gradual increase in the strength of a generalized feedback mechanism that is turned on after mid-Pleistocene time, lead to simulation of ice volume that has the general features of observed δ18O records, in particular the new high-resolution oxygen-isotope record from site ODP 677 (Peltier and others, 1989).

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13

Honisch, B., N. G. Hemming, D. Archer, M. Siddall y J. F. McManus. "Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration Across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition". Science 324, n.º 5934 (18 de junio de 2009): 1551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1171477.

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14

Liu, Weiguo, Zhonghui Liu, Jimin Sun, Chunhui Song, Hong Chang, Huanye Wang, Zheng Wang y Zhisheng An. "Onset of permanent Taklimakan Desert linked to the mid-Pleistocene transition". Geology 48, n.º 8 (12 de mayo de 2020): 782–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47406.1.

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Abstract The initial occurrence of desert landscape or eolian sand dunes is thought to have occurred long before the Pleistocene, and desertification was subsequently enhanced under cold, dusty glacial conditions. However, when and how the desert landscape persisted during both glacial and interglacial periods, defined as “permanent” desert here, remain elusive. Here, we present carbonate carbon isotope and grain-size records from the Tarim Basin, western China, revealing a detailed desertification history for the Taklimakan Desert. Our records demonstrate that after desiccation of episodic lakes at ca. 4.9 Ma, alternations of eolian sand dunes and fluvial and playa-like conditions persisted for a long period until 0.7 Ma in the Tarim Basin. The onset of permanent desert landscape around 0.7–0.5 Ma occurred concurrently with the climatic reorganization across the mid-Pleistocene transition. The occurrence of mountain glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau and atmospheric circulation changes may have controlled the formation and extreme aridification of the permanent desert in inland Asia since the mid-Pleistocene transition.

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15

Lipenkov, V. Ya y D. Raynaud. "The Mid-Pleistocene Transition and the Vostok Oldest Ice Challenge". Ice and Snow 55, n.º 4 (20 de noviembre de 2015): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2015-4-95-106.

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16

Chalk, Thomas B., Mathis P. Hain, Gavin L. Foster, Eelco J. Rohling, Philip F. Sexton, Marcus P. S. Badger, Soraya G. Cherry et al. "Causes of ice age intensification across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, n.º 50 (27 de noviembre de 2017): 13114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702143114.

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During the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT; 1,200–800 kya), Earth’s orbitally paced ice age cycles intensified, lengthened from ∼40,000 (∼40 ky) to ∼100 ky, and became distinctly asymmetrical. Testing hypotheses that implicate changing atmospheric CO2 levels as a driver of the MPT has proven difficult with available observations. Here, we use orbitally resolved, boron isotope CO2 data to show that the glacial to interglacial CO2 difference increased from ∼43 to ∼75 μatm across the MPT, mainly because of lower glacial CO2 levels. Through carbon cycle modeling, we attribute this decline primarily to the initiation of substantive dust-borne iron fertilization of the Southern Ocean during peak glacial stages. We also observe a twofold steepening of the relationship between sea level and CO2-related climate forcing that is suggestive of a change in the dynamics that govern ice sheet stability, such as that expected from the removal of subglacial regolith or interhemispheric ice sheet phase-locking. We argue that neither ice sheet dynamics nor CO2 change in isolation can explain the MPT. Instead, we infer that the MPT was initiated by a change in ice sheet dynamics and that longer and deeper post-MPT ice ages were sustained by carbon cycle feedbacks related to dust fertilization of the Southern Ocean as a consequence of larger ice sheets.

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17

Pena, L. D. y S. L. Goldstein. "Thermohaline circulation crisis and impacts during the mid-Pleistocene transition". Science 345, n.º 6194 (26 de junio de 2014): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1249770.

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18

Yamamoto, Masanobu, Steven C. Clemens, Osamu Seki, Yuko Tsuchiya, Yongsong Huang, Ryouta O’ishi y Ayako Abe-Ouchi. "Increased interglacial atmospheric CO2 levels followed the mid-Pleistocene Transition". Nature Geoscience 15, n.º 4 (31 de marzo de 2022): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00918-1.

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19

Verbitsky, Mikhail Y., Michel Crucifix y Dmitry M. Volobuev. "A theory of Pleistocene glacial rhythmicity". Earth System Dynamics 9, n.º 3 (20 de agosto de 2018): 1025–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-1025-2018.

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Abstract. Variations in Northern Hemisphere ice volume over the past 3 million years have been described in numerous studies and well documented. These studies depict the mid-Pleistocene transition from 40 kyr oscillations of global ice to predominantly 100 kyr oscillations around 1 million years ago. It is generally accepted to attribute the 40 kyr period to astronomical forcing and to attribute the transition to the 100 kyr mode to a phenomenon caused by a slow trend, which around the mid-Pleistocene enabled the manifestation of nonlinear processes. However, both the physical nature of this nonlinearity and its interpretation in terms of dynamical systems theory are debated. Here, we show that ice-sheet physics coupled with a linear climate temperature feedback conceal enough dynamics to satisfactorily explain the system response over the full Pleistocene. There is no need, a priori, to call for a nonlinear response of the carbon cycle. Without astronomical forcing, the obtained dynamical system evolves to equilibrium. When it is astronomically forced, depending on the values of the parameters involved, the system is capable of producing different modes of nonlinearity and consequently different periods of rhythmicity. The crucial factor that defines a specific mode of system response is the relative intensity of glaciation (negative) and climate temperature (positive) feedbacks. To measure this factor, we introduce a dimensionless variability number, V. When positive feedback is weak (V∼0), the system exhibits fluctuations with dominating periods of about 40 kyr which is in fact a combination of a doubled precession period and (to smaller extent) obliquity period. When positive feedback increases (V∼0.75), the system evolves with a roughly 100 kyr period due to a doubled obliquity period. If positive feedback increases further (V∼0.95), the system produces fluctuations of about 400 kyr. When the V number is gradually increased from its low early Pleistocene values to its late Pleistocene value of V∼0.75, the system reproduces the mid-Pleistocene transition from mostly 40 kyr fluctuations to a 100 kyr period rhythmicity. Since the V number is a combination of multiple parameters, it implies that multiple scenarios are possible to account for the mid-Pleistocene transition. Thus, our theory is capable of explaining all major features of the Pleistocene climate, such as the mostly 40 kyr fluctuations of the early Pleistocene, a transition from an early Pleistocene type of nonlinear regime to a late Pleistocene type of nonlinear regime, and the 100 kyr fluctuations of the late Pleistocene. When the dynamical climate system is expanded to include Antarctic glaciation, it becomes apparent that climate temperature positive feedback (or its absence) plays a crucial role in the Southern Hemisphere as well. While the Northern Hemisphere insolation impact is amplified by the outside-of-glacier climate and eventually affects Antarctic surface and basal temperatures, the Antarctic ice-sheet area of glaciation is limited by the area of the Antarctic continent, and therefore it cannot engage in strong positive climate feedback. This may serve as a plausible explanation for the synchronous response of the Northern and Southern Hemisphere to Northern Hemisphere insolation variations. Given that the V number is dimensionless, we consider that this model could be used as a framework to investigate other physics that may possibly be involved in producing ice ages. In such a case, the equation currently representing climate temperature would describe some other climate component of interest, and as long as this component is capable of producing an appropriate V number, it may perhaps be considered a feasible candidate.

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20

Chalk, Thomas B., E. Capron, M. Drew y K. Panagiotopoulos. "Interglacials of the 41 ka-world and the Mid-Pleistocene Transition". Past Global Changes Magazine 25, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2017): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.22498/pages.25.3.155.

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21

Bates, Stephanie L., Mark Siddall y Claire Waelbroeck. "Hydrographic variations in deep ocean temperature over the mid-Pleistocene transition". Quaternary Science Reviews 88 (marzo de 2014): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.01.020.

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22

Raymo, M. E., D. W. Oppo y W. Curry. "The Mid-Pleistocene climate transition: A deep sea carbon isotopic perspective". Paleoceanography 12, n.º 4 (agosto de 1997): 546–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97pa01019.

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23

van Kolfschoten, Thijs y Anastasia K. Markova. "Response of the European mammalian fauna to the mid-Pleistocene transition". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 247, n.º 1 (2005): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2005.247.01.12.

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24

Martin-Garcia, Gloria M., Francisco J. Sierro, José A. Flores y Fátima Abrantes. "Change in the North Atlantic circulation associated with the mid-Pleistocene transition". Climate of the Past 14, n.º 11 (7 de noviembre de 2018): 1639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1639-2018.

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Abstract. The southwestern Iberian margin is highly sensitive to changes in the distribution of North Atlantic currents and to the position of oceanic fronts. In this work, the evolution of oceanographic parameters from 812 to 530 ka (MIS20–MIS14) is studied based on the analysis of planktonic foraminifer assemblages from site IODP-U1385 (37∘34.285′ N, 10∘7.562′ W; 2585 m b.s.l.). By comparing the obtained results with published records from other North Atlantic sites between 41 and 55∘ N, basin-wide paleoceanographic conditions are reconstructed. Variations of assemblages dwelling in different water masses indicate a major change in the general North Atlantic circulation during MIS16, coinciding with the definite establishment of the 100 ky cyclicity associated with the mid-Pleistocene transition. At the surface, this change consisted in the redistribution of water masses, with the subsequent thermal variation, and occurred linked to the northwestward migration of the Arctic Front (AF), and the increase in the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation with respect to previous glacials. During glacials prior to MIS16, the NADW formation was very weak, which drastically slowed down the surface circulation; the AF was at a southerly position and the North Atlantic Current (NAC) diverted southeastwards, developing steep south–north, and east–west, thermal gradients and blocking the arrival of warm water, with associated moisture, to high latitudes. During MIS16, the increase in the meridional overturning circulation, in combination with the northwestward AF shift, allowed the arrival of the NAC to subpolar latitudes, multiplying the moisture availability for ice-sheet growth, which could have worked as a positive feedback to prolong the glacials towards 100 ky cycles.

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25

Siddall, Mark, Bärbel Hönisch, Claire Waelbroeck y Peter Huybers. "Changes in deep Pacific temperature during the mid-Pleistocene transition and Quaternary". Quaternary Science Reviews 29, n.º 1-2 (enero de 2010): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.011.

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26

Stroynowski, Zuzia, Fatima Abrantes y Emanuela Bruno. "The response of the Bering Sea Gateway during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 485 (noviembre de 2017): 974–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.08.023.

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27

Winckler, Gisela, Robert F. Anderson y Peter Schlosser. "Equatorial Pacific productivity and dust flux during the mid-Pleistocene climate transition". Paleoceanography 20, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2005): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005pa001177.

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28

Robinson, Rebecca S., Colin A. Jones, Roger P. Kelly, Patrick Rafter, Johan Etourneau y Philippe Martinez. "A Cool, Nutrient‐Enriched Eastern Equatorial Pacific During the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition". Geophysical Research Letters 46, n.º 4 (26 de febrero de 2019): 2187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018gl081315.

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29

Willeit, M., A. Ganopolski, R. Calov y V. Brovkin. "Mid-Pleistocene transition in glacial cycles explained by declining CO2and regolith removal". Science Advances 5, n.º 4 (abril de 2019): eaav7337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav7337.

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Variations in Earth’s orbit pace the glacial-interglacial cycles of the Quaternary, but the mechanisms that transform regional and seasonal variations in solar insolation into glacial-interglacial cycles are still elusive. Here, we present transient simulations of coevolution of climate, ice sheets, and carbon cycle over the past 3 million years. We show that a gradual lowering of atmospheric CO2and regolith removal are essential to reproduce the evolution of climate variability over the Quaternary. The long-term CO2decrease leads to the initiation of Northern Hemisphere glaciation and an increase in the amplitude of glacial-interglacial variations, while the combined effect of CO2decline and regolith removal controls the timing of the transition from a 41,000- to 100,000-year world. Our results suggest that the current CO2concentration is unprecedented over the past 3 million years and that global temperature never exceeded the preindustrial value by more than 2°C during the Quaternary.

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30

JIANG, HANCHAO, GAOXUAN GUO, XIANGMIN CAI, HONGYAN XU, XIAOLIN MA, NING ZHONG y YANHAO LI. "A pollen record of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition from Beijing, North China". Journal of Quaternary Science 28, n.º 7 (octubre de 2013): 720–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2661.

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31

Schefuß, Enno, J. H. F. Jansen y J. S. Sinninghe Damsté. "Tropical environmental changes at the mid-Pleistocene transition: insights from lipid biomarkers". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 247, n.º 1 (2005): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2005.247.01.03.

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32

Schefuß, Enno, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté y J. H. Fred Jansen. "Forcing of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures during the mid-Pleistocene transition". Paleoceanography 19, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2004): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2003pa000892.

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33

Conrad, Cyler, Rasmi Shoocongdej, Ben Marwick, Joyce C. White, Cholawit Thongcharoenchaikit, Charles Higham, James K. Feathers et al. "Re-evaluating Pleistocene–Holocene occupation of cave sites in north-west Thailand: new radiocarbon and luminescence dating". Antiquity 96, n.º 386 (8 de octubre de 2021): 280–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2021.44.

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Established chronologies indicate a long-term ‘Hoabinhian’ hunter-gatherer occupation of Mainland Southeast Asia during the Terminal Pleistocene to Mid-Holocene (45 000–3000 years ago). Here, the authors re-examine the ‘Hoabinhian’ sequence from north-west Thailand using new radiocarbon and luminescence data from Spirit Cave, Steep Cliff Cave and Banyan Valley Cave. The results indicate that hunter-gatherers exploited this ecologically diverse region throughout the Terminal Pleistocene and the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, and into the period during which agricultural lifeways emerged in the Holocene. Hunter-gatherers did not abandon this highland region of Thailand during periods of environmental and socioeconomic change.

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34

McClymont, Erin L., Sindia M. Sosdian, Antoni Rosell-Melé y Yair Rosenthal. "Pleistocene sea-surface temperature evolution: Early cooling, delayed glacial intensification, and implications for the mid-Pleistocene climate transition". Earth-Science Reviews 123 (agosto de 2013): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.04.006.

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35

Han, Wenxia, Xiaomin Fang y André Berger. "Tibet forcing of mid-Pleistocene synchronous enhancement of East Asian winter and summer monsoons revealed by Chinese loess record". Quaternary Research 78, n.º 2 (8 de junio de 2012): 174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.05.001.

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AbstractThe mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT) of the global climate system, marked by a shift of previously dominant 41-ka cycles to lately dominant 100-ka cycles roughly in the mid-Pleistocene, is one of the fundamental enigma in the Quaternary climate evolution. The process and origin of the MPT remain of persistent interest and conjecture. Here we present high-resolution astronomically tuned magnetic susceptibility (MS) and grain‐size records from a complete loess–paleosol sequence at Chaona on the central Chinese Loess Plateau. These two proxies are well-known sensitive indicators to the East Asian summer and winter monsoons, respectively. The records reveal a remarkable two-step simultaneous enhancement of the East Asian summer and winter monsoons at 0.9 Ma and 0.64 Ma, respectively, accompanied with an onset of a clear 100-ka cycle at 0.9 Ma and of a final, predominant 100-ka cycle starting at 0.64 Ma. The mid-Pleistocene stepwise rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau could be the mechanism driving the simultaneous enhancement of East Asian summer and winter monsoons and the shift of the periodicities during the MPT by complex positive feedbacks.

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36

Köhler, P. y R. Bintanja. "The carbon cycle during the Mid Pleistocene Transition: the Southern Ocean Decoupling Hypothesis". Climate of the Past Discussions 4, n.º 4 (9 de julio de 2008): 809–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-4-809-2008.

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Abstract. Various hypotheses were proposed within recent years for the interpretation of the Mid Pleistocene Transition (MPT), which occurred during past 2 000 000 years (2 Myr). We here add to already existing theories on the MPT some data and model-based aspects focusing on the dynamics of the carbon cycle. We find that the average glacial/interglacial (G/IG) amplitudes in benthic δ13C derived from sediment cores in the deep Pacific ocean increased across the MPT by ~40%, while similar amplitudes in the global benthic δ18O stack LR04 increased by a factor of two over the same time interval. The global carbon cycle box model BICYCLE is used for the interpretation of these observed changes in the carbon cycle. Our simulation approach is based on regression analyses of various paleo-climatic proxies with the LR04 benthic δ18O stack over the last 740 kyr, which are then used to extrapolate changing climatic boundary conditions over the whole 2 Myr time window. The observed dynamics in benthic δ13C cannot be explained if similar relations between LR04 and the individual climate variables are assumed prior and after the MPT. According to our analysis a model-based reconstruction of G/IG amplitudes in deep Pacific δ13C before the MPT is possible if we assume a different response to the applied forcings in the Southern Ocean prior and after the MPT. This behaviour is what we call the "Southern Ocean Decoupling Hypothesis". This decoupling might potentially be caused by a different cryosphere/ocean interaction and thus changes in the deep and bottom water formation rates in the Southern Ocean before the MPT, however an understanding from first principles remains elusive. Our hypothesis is also proposing dynamics in atmospheric pCO2 over the past 2 Myr. Simulated pCO2 is varying between 180 and 260 μatm before the MPT. The consequence of our Southern Ocean Decoupling Hypothesis is that the slope in the relationship between Southern Ocean SST and atmospheric pCO2 is different before and after the MPT, something for which first indications already exist in the 800 kyr CO2 record from the EPICA Dome C ice core. We finally discuss how our findings are related to other hypotheses on the MPT.

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37

Elderfield, H., P. Ferretti, M. Greaves, S. Crowhurst, I. N. McCave, D. Hodell y A. M. Piotrowski. "Evolution of Ocean Temperature and Ice Volume Through the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition". Science 337, n.º 6095 (9 de agosto de 2012): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1221294.

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38

Lear, Caroline H., Katharina Billups, Rosalind E. M. Rickaby, Liselotte Diester-Haass, Elaine M. Mawbey y Sindia M. Sosdian. "Breathing more deeply: Deep ocean carbon storage during the mid-Pleistocene climate transition". Geology 44, n.º 12 (20 de octubre de 2016): 1035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g38636.1.

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39

Ford, Heather L. y Maureen E. Raymo. "Regional and global signals in seawater δ18O records across the mid-Pleistocene transition". Geology 48, n.º 2 (22 de noviembre de 2019): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46546.1.

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Abstract High-resolution seawater δ18O records, derived from coupled Mg/Ca and benthic δ18O analyses, can be used to evaluate how global ice volume changed during the mid-Pleistocene transition (MPT, ca. 1250–600 ka). However, such seawater δ18O records are also influenced by regional hydrographic signals (i.e., salinity) and changes in deep-ocean circulation across the MPT, making it difficult to isolate the timing and magnitude of the global ice volume change. To explore regional and global patterns in seawater δ18O records, we reconstruct seawater δ18O from coupled Mg/Ca and δ18O analyses of Uvigerina spp. at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1208 in the North Pacific Ocean. Comparison of individual seawater δ18O records suggests that deep-ocean circulation reorganized and the formation properties (i.e., salinity) of deep-ocean water masses changed at ca. 900 ka, likely related to the transition to marine-based ice sheets in Antarctica. We also find that an increase in ice volume likely accompanied the shift in glacial-interglacial periodicity observed in benthic carbonate δ18O across the MPT, with increases in ice volume observed during Marine Isotope Stages 22 and 16.

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40

Yang, Shi-Xia, Jian-Ping Yue, Xinying Zhou, Michael Storozum, Fa-Xiang Huan, Cheng-Long Deng y Michael D. Petraglia. "Hominin site distributions and behaviours across the Mid-Pleistocene climate transition in China". Quaternary Science Reviews 248 (noviembre de 2020): 106614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106614.

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41

Poirier, Robert K. y Katharina Billups. "The intensification of northern component deepwater formation during the mid-Pleistocene climate transition". Paleoceanography 29, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2014): 1046–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014pa002661.

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42

Köhler, P. y R. Bintanja. "The carbon cycle during the Mid Pleistocene Transition: the Southern Ocean Decoupling Hypothesis". Climate of the Past 4, n.º 4 (2 de diciembre de 2008): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-4-311-2008.

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Abstract. Various hypotheses were proposed within recent years for the interpretation of the Mid Pleistocene Transition (MPT), which occurred during past 2 000 000 years (2 Myr). We here add to already existing theories on the MPT some data and model-based aspects focusing on the dynamics of the carbon cycle. We find that the average glacial/interglacial (G/IG) amplitudes in benthic δ13C derived from sediment cores in the deep Pacific ocean increased across the MPT by ~40%, while similar amplitudes in the global benthic δ18C stack LR04 increased by a factor of two over the same time interval. The global carbon cycle box model BICYCLE is used for the interpretation of these observed changes in the carbon cycle. Our simulation approach is based on regression analyses of various paleo-climatic proxies with the LR04 benthic δ18C stack over the last 740 kyr, which are then used to extrapolate changing climatic boundary conditions over the whole 2 Myr time window. The observed dynamics in benthic δ13C cannot be explained if similar relations between LR04 and the individual climate variables are assumed prior and after the MPT. According to our analysis a model-based reconstruction of G/IG amplitudes in deep Pacific δ13C before the MPT is possible if we assume a different response to the applied forcings in the Southern Ocean prior and after the MPT. This behaviour is what we call the "Southern Ocean Decoupling Hypothesis". This decoupling might potentially be caused by a different cryosphere/ocean interaction and thus changes in the deep and bottom water formation rates in the Southern Ocean before the MPT, however an understanding from first principles remains elusive. Our hypothesis is also proposing dynamics in atmospheric pCO2 over the past 2 Myr. Simulated pCO2 is varying between 180 and 260 μatm before the MPT. The consequence of our Southern Ocean Decoupling Hypothesis is that the slope in the relationship between Southern Ocean SST and atmospheric pCO2 is different before and after the MPT, something for which first indications already exist in the 800 kyr CO2 record from the EPICA Dome C ice core. We finally discuss how our findings are related to other hypotheses on the MPT.

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43

Li, Tao, Fei Liu, Hemmo A. Abels, Chen-Feng You, Zeke Zhang, Jun Chen, Junfeng Ji et al. "Continued obliquity pacing of East Asian summer precipitation after the mid-Pleistocene transition". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 457 (enero de 2017): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.045.

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44

Hayward, Bruce W., Shungo Kawagata, Hugh R. Grenfell, Ashwaq T. Sabaa y Tanya O'Neill. "Last global extinction in the deep sea during the mid-Pleistocene climate transition". Paleoceanography 22, n.º 3 (14 de julio de 2007): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007pa001424.

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45

Guillermic, Maxence, Sambuddha Misra, Robert Eagle y Aradhna Tripati. "Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> estimates for the Miocene to Pleistocene based on foraminiferal <i>δ</i><sup>11</sup>B at Ocean Drilling Program Sites 806 and 807 in the Western Equatorial Pacific". Climate of the Past 18, n.º 2 (2 de febrero de 2022): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-183-2022.

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Abstract. Constraints on the evolution of atmospheric CO2 levels throughout Earth's history are foundational to our understanding of past variations in climate. Despite considerable effort, records vary in their temporal and spatial coverage and estimates of past CO2 levels do not always converge, and therefore new records and proxies are valuable. Here we reconstruct atmospheric CO2 values across major climate transitions over the past 16 million years using the boron isotopic composition (δ11B) of planktic foraminifera from 89 samples obtained from two sites in the West Pacific Warm Pool, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 806 and 807, measured using high-precision multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We compare our results to published data from ODP Site 872, also in the Western Equatorial Pacific, that goes back to 22 million years ago. These sites are in a region that today is near equilibrium with the atmosphere and are thought to have been in equilibrium with the atmosphere for the interval studied. We show that δ11B data from this region are consistent with other boron-based studies. The data show evidence for elevated pCO2 during the Middle Miocene and Early to Middle Pliocene, and reductions in pCO2 of ∼200 ppm during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition, ∼250 ppm during Pliocene Glacial Intensification and ∼50 ppm during the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition. During the Mid-Pleistocene Transition there is a minimum pCO2 at marine isotopic stage (MIS) 30. Our results are consistent with a coupling between pCO2, temperature and ice sheet expansion from the Miocene to the late Quaternary.

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46

Sutter, Johannes, Hubertus Fischer, Klaus Grosfeld, Nanna B. Karlsson, Thomas Kleiner, Brice Van Liefferinge y Olaf Eisen. "Modelling the Antarctic Ice Sheet across the mid-Pleistocene transition – implications for Oldest Ice". Cryosphere 13, n.º 7 (19 de julio de 2019): 2023–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2023-2019.

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Abstract. The international endeavour to retrieve a continuous ice core, which spans the middle Pleistocene climate transition ca. 1.2–0.9 Myr ago, encompasses a multitude of field and model-based pre-site surveys. We expand on the current efforts to locate a suitable drilling site for the oldest Antarctic ice core by means of 3-D continental ice-sheet modelling. To this end, we present an ensemble of ice-sheet simulations spanning the last 2 Myr, employing transient boundary conditions derived from climate modelling and climate proxy records. We discuss the imprint of changing climate conditions, sea level and geothermal heat flux on the ice thickness, and basal conditions around previously identified sites with continuous records of old ice. Our modelling results show a range of configurational ice-sheet changes across the middle Pleistocene transition, suggesting a potential shift of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a marine-based configuration. Despite the middle Pleistocene climate reorganisation and associated ice-dynamic changes, we identify several regions conducive to conditions maintaining 1.5 Myr (million years) old ice, particularly around Dome Fuji, Dome C and Ridge B, which is in agreement with previous studies. This finding strengthens the notion that continuous records with such old ice do exist in previously identified regions, while we are also providing a dynamic continental ice-sheet context.

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47

Yao, Huiqiang, Fenlian Wang, Haifeng Wang, Miao Yu, Jiang‐bo Ren, Gaowen He, Weiwei Chen y Liang Yi. "Pleistocene magnetostratigraphy of four cores in the West Philippian Basin and regional sedimentary shift during the Mid‐Pleistocene transition". Geological Journal 56, n.º 6 (19 de enero de 2021): 2919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gj.4082.

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48

Solgaard, Anne M., Niels Reeh, Peter Japsen y Tove Nielsen. "Snapshots of the Greenland ice sheet configuration in the Pliocene to early Pleistocene". Journal of Glaciology 57, n.º 205 (2011): 871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214311798043816.

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AbstractThe geometry of the ice sheets during the Pliocene to early Pleistocene is not well constrained. Here we apply an ice-flow model in the study of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) during three extreme intervals of this period constrained by geological observations and climate reconstructions. We study the extent of the GIS during the Mid-Pliocene Warmth (3.3–3.0 Ma), its advance across the continental shelf during the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene glaciations (3.0–2.4 Ma) as implied by offshore geological studies, and the transition from glacial to interglacial conditions around 2.4 Ma as deduced from the deposits of the Kap København Formation, North Greenland. Our experiments show that no coherent ice sheet is likely to have existed in Greenland during the Mid-Pliocene Warmth and that only local ice caps may have been present in the coastal mountains of East Greenland. Our results illustrate the variability of the GIS during the Pliocene to early Pleistocene and underline the importance of including independent estimates of the GIS in studies of climate during this period. We conclude that the GIS did not exist throughout the Pliocene to early Pleistocene, and that it melted during interglacials even during the late Pliocene climate deterioration.

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49

Peters, William L. "ORIGINS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN EPHEMEROPTERA FAUNA, ESPECIALLY THE LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE". Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 120, S144 (1988): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm120144013-1.

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AbstractThe complex origins of the North American Ephemeroptera fauna extended from the Lower Permian to the Recent. This paper discusses origins of North American genera of the cosmopolitan family Leptophlebiidae with a few examples from other mayfly families. The two extant subfamilies, Leptophlebiinae and Atalophlebiinae, probably evolved at least by the mid-Cretaceous, or about 100 million years before present. The primitive Leptophlebiinae are distributed throughout most of the Northern Hemisphere and the ancestors of the Leptophlebia–Paraleptophlebia complex within this subfamily dispersed widely by the North Atlantic route as early as the mid-Cretaceous and later probably by northern trans-Pacific dispersals through Beringia. The ancestors of Habrophlebia dispersed through the North Atlantic route at an early time, but the vicariant distribution of Habrophlebiodes in several areas of the Oriental Region and eastern North America correlates with the Arcto-Tertiary forest that covered most of the Northern Hemisphere including Beringia from the Early Tertiary into the Pleistocene. Within the nearly cosmopolitan Atalophlebiinae, Traverella is austral in origin and probably dispersed north through the Mexican Transition Zone during the mid-Tertiary as an ancient dispersal and then dispersed to its northern and eastern limits following the last Pleistocene deglaciation by way of the Missouri River tributaries. Thraulodes and Farrodes are both austral in origin and probably dispersed north through the Mexican Transition Zone during the Early Pleistocene as a relatively recent dispersal. The origins of Choroterpes sensu stricto and Neochoroterpes in North America are unknown. The mayfly fauna of the West Indies is Neotropical in origins, and no affinities between the West Indies and North America through Florida have ever been confirmed.

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50

Sepulcre, S., L. Vidal, K. Tachikawa, F. Rostek y E. Bard. "Sea-surface salinity variations in the northern Caribbean Sea across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition". Climate of the Past 7, n.º 1 (11 de febrero de 2011): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-75-2011.

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Abstract. By reconstructing past hydrologic variations in the Northern Caribbean Sea and their influence on the stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during the last 940 ka, we seek to document climate changes in this tropical area in response to the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT). Using core MD03-2628, we estimated past changes in sea surface salinity (SSS) using Δδ18O, the difference between the modern, and the past δ18O of seawater (obtained by combining alkenone thermometer data with the δ18O of the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides rube (white) and corrected for ice-sheet volume effects). Today, the lowest SSS values in the area studied are associated with the northernmost location of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The Δδ18O record obtained from core MD03-2628 exhibits glacial/interglacial cyclicity with higher values during all glacial periods spanning the last 940 ka, indicating increased SSS. A long-term trend was also observed in the Δδ18O values that exhibited a shift toward lower values for interglacial periods during the last 450 ka, as compared to interglacial stages older than 650 ka. A rise in SSS during glacial stages may be related to the southernmost location of the ITCZ, which is induced by a steeper cross-equator temperature gradient and associated with reduced northward cross-equatorial oceanic transport. Therefore, the results suggest a permanent link between the tropical salinity budget and the AMOC during the last 940 ka. Following the MPT, lower salinities during the last five interglacial stages indicated a northernmost ITCZ location that was forced by changes in the cross-equator temperature gradient and that was associated with the poleward position of Southern Oceanic Fronts that amplify the transport of heat and moisture to the North Atlantic. These processes may have contributed to the amplification of the climate cycles that followed the MPT.

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