Tesis sobre el tema "Mines et développement"
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Lapointe, Philippe. "Développement d’un composite magnétique doux avec revêtement de ferrite nanométrique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27220/27220.pdf.
Texto completoElectric motors, transformers, electromagnets and many other electric devices require materials that can provide a path for magnetic field lines while minimizing losses that they generate. Materials used for these applications are called soft magnetic materials. One way to minimize losses in such materials is to increase their resistivity. In order to do so, highly resistive materials are coupled with ferromagnetic materials. These are called soft magnetic composites. For more than one hundred years, the most common type of soft magnetic composite was made by stacking sheets of rolled iron separated by a thin layer of insulating materials. These were very simple and efficient but also had their share of drawbacks. During the last decades, a new technique based on powder metallurgy was developed. It consists in coating iron particles with an isolating material prior to compaction. This type of materials can be highly resistive. The objective of this project was to develop a soft magnetic composite using metal powders in which the insulating materials would be nanometric NiZn ferrite. Two different techniques were studied in order to achieve this goal. The first one consists in coating iron powders with NiZn ferrite using ferrite plating and the second one consists adding nanoparticles to iron powder. The results obtained throughout this study showed that these two techniques could certainly be used to develop metal powder based soft magnetic composites. More specifically, magnetic weight losses of 11,9 W/kg and 93 W/kg were obtained at 60 Hz and 400 Hz respectively for components prepared using the ferrite plating technique while losses of 13,5 W/kg and 137 W/kg were obtained at 60 Hz and 400 Hz respectively for components prepared by adding ferrite nanoparticles.
Fakhari, Tehrani Soudeh. "Contribution au développement de recouvrements à base de simili-téflon et de polysccharide pour les stents". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28537/28537.pdf.
Texto completoCardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death in the world. Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease in which the arteries partially or completely clog. Angioplasty is a clinically validated technique for treatment of atherosclerosis; however, a high restenosis rate remains the limiting factor for angioplasty. The implantation of a stent during angioplasty reduces the rate of restenosis between 15-30%, but the risk of restenosis remains relatively high. Moreover, corrosion and the release of potentially toxic elements are further drawbacks associated with metallic stents. The use of a polymer coating on the metallic stent surfaces can prevent stent corrosion and reduce the restenosis rate. In this study two different types of polymeric stent coatings will be presented. The first part of this research deals with the thin fluorocarbon (CFx) polymeric film deposited by cold plasma on the surface of stainless steel. This coating is assumed to be chemically inert, hydrophobic, and bio-compatible. Use of cold plasma deposition method modulates chemical composition and changes the morphology of the interface in the way that the polymeric film shows a good interfacial adhesion (polymer-metal). However, the aging studies performed on the samples submerged in deionised water show evidence of morphological and chemical degradation of the coating besides demonstrating the substrate oxidation, after only two weeks. To overcome this problem, the influence of a post-treatment was studied. In chapter II, The influence of these treatments on the chemical composition, morphological structure and resistance to aging will be presented. The second part of this research involves the study of dextran-graf-polybutylmethacrylate (dextran-graft-PBMA); dextran is a polysaccharide with interesting biological properties. The dextran derivatives stimulate the proliferation of endothelial cells and inhibit the smooth muscle cells proliferation and blood clotting. It was assumed that the dextran derivative coatings may decrease the rate of restenosis and improve long-term hemocompatibility of the stents. Unfortunately, dextran is highly soluble in aqueous media, therefore cannot directly form a stable film. Furthermore, dextran has poor mechanical properties. A solution to form a more stable coating in aqueous media, while improving its mechanical properties, is the copolymerization of dextran with a synthetic hydrophobic polymer. In this context, the synthesis of copolymer dextran-graf-polybutylmethacrylate seemed to offer a promising alternative. The synthesis of copolymer dextran-graf-polybutylmethacrylate that combines the biological properties of dextran and mechanical properties of poly(butylmethacrylate), might be a potential solution. The project is shared between Laboratoire de Bio-ingénierie de Polymères Cardiovasculaires (LBPC) at Paris 13 University and Laboratoire de Biomatériaux et de Bioingénierie (LBB) in Quebec City. Model samples of 316L stainless steel are prepared at LBB and covered in LBPC and characterized at LBB for the analysis of chemical composition, morphological structure, and mechanical properties of dextan-graft-PBMA coatings.
DIALLO, MOHAMED M. "Guinée - Conakry : l'Etat, les mines et les problèmes socioéconomiques de développement". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070142.
Texto completoGuinea is basically and pre-dominantly an agro-pastoral country. However, because of its immense natural wealth, guinea has acquired a status of a major exporter of these mineral resources. The main concern of the government's development policy is to introduce reform measures to redesign and re-structure the economic system inherited from the colonizers and to develop an infra-structure for a balanced growth of its agricultural and manufacturing sectors so as to attain self-suffiency and self-sustained economic growth. The principal hypothesis tested in this study is that the inextricable inter-dependence of nations-governments of the contemporany world is such that one cannot envisage a coherent analysis of the socio-economic problems affecting each of them in a framework as restricted as the limits of their political juridictions. Moreover, we think that the national planners and administrators in guinea are aware of the political, institutional and financial constraints of development. The analysis of these constraints must explore all the factors -endogeneous and exogeneous -challenging the socio-economic development of the country. In so far as the internal factors are concerned our main concern is toidentify all of them which are fundamental in nation building. Undoubtedly, the fundamental social problem in this contest relates with increasing the awareness and conscience of the people in evolving those modalites permitting to attain a certain degree of homogeneity without which the diversication
Oth, Valère. "De la conversion au développement ? : le bassin industriel Le Creusot-Montceau-les-Mines". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010588.
Texto completoThe object of this study, based on economic, industrial and regional geography, is to analyse :. The economic, social and geographical implications of the conversion of the industrial basin of le creusot- montceau -les-mines, and. The mainspring of this transformation in its transition from an "old industrial basin" to a modern one subject to the repeat shocks of interlocked sectoral crises. The subjacent object is the dysfunction, due to the loss of its bearings, of an industrial basin, its historical formation and the orientation of its evolution in the context of crises and general conversions. However, far lore than merely analysing the ruptures between a territory and its principal industries, this study explains the new relationship established from the second half of the 1970's between industrial redeployment, economic and social development and geographical organisation. The intention of this work is to contribute to the general effort of reflection undertaken since the past few years on the problems raised by the industrial crisis, conversion policies and the new data on regional and local development. Its approach is based on two points :. A two-sided examination of the conditions and modalities of the passage from the state of conversion to that of development based on a specific socio-economic locality in crisis (the le creusot-montceau-les-mines industrial bain) and an institutional mechanism (pole of conversion). . The analysis and understanding of the factors contribution to the definition and implementation of new development donditions which facilitate the passage, successively, from the state of crisis and conversion to that of global "development"
Hermawan, Hendra. "Conception, développement et validation d'alliages métalliques dégradables utilisés en chirurgie endovasculaire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26286/26286.pdf.
Texto completoThis doctoral project permitted for the first time to design, develop and study metallic alloys as degradable biomaterials. Between 2001 and 2003, commercially pure iron and magnesium alloys were evaluated for their possibility to become degradable biomaterials. In those studies, it was found that their mechanical property and degradation behaviour were not clinically well suited. In this context, a series of Fe–Mn alloys was produced with the objective to obtain physical and mechanical properties similar to those of stainless steel 316L (SS316L) and degradation behaviour more suited in human physiological environment than pure iron and magnesium alloys. Four alloys with manganese content ranging between 20 and 35 wt% were prepared via a powder metallurgy route followed by a series of cold rolling and resintering cycles. Results showed that their microstructure was mainly composed of austenitic phase with the trace of martensitic phase in alloys having lower manganese content. This microstructure resulted into a nonmagnetic behaviour of the alloys with magnetic susceptibility lower than that of SS316L. In contrast to SS316L, this magnetic susceptibility remained constant after having plastic deformation. The alloys showed mechanical property approached to that of SS316L. As manganese content increased, the yield strength decreased from 420 to 210 MPa and the elongation increased from 5 to 32%. The alloys degraded in simulated coronary artery conditions by the mechanism of corrosion. Their average corrosion rate was faster than that of pure iron and slower than magnesium alloys. The degradation products constituted of iron hydroxides and calcium/phosphorus containing layers which adhered onto the substrate. The release of iron and manganese ions into the solution was limited by the insoluble degradation layer. The cell viability assays showed that the Fe–Mn alloys possess a low inhibition effect to fibroblast cells metabolic activities demonstrating their potentiality to be a biocompatible degradable biomaterial.
Grimard, Renaud. "Développement d'un système de gestion et de répartition des véhicules automatiques pour les mines souterraines". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65579.pdf.
Texto completoOuedraogo, Lala. "Orpaillage artisanal et développement rural". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33312.
Texto completoThis thesis aims at addressing questions on artisanal gold mining in Burkina Faso. It is mainly composed of three chapters. Before discussing these three chapters, in the introduction, we first describe the socio-economic context and legal context of the country’s mining sector; then we review the literature on the issue of gold panning including positive impacts such as job opportunities and negative impacts such as health and safety issues; other issues including the relationship between agriculture and artisanal mining, the sustainability of gold washing and the social responsibility of mining companies, local governance of sites; and finally, the different conceptual frameworks mobilized for the three themes, namely the institutional development analysis framework, the sustainable livelihoods framework and women’s empowerment. In the first chapter, Local governance and labor organizations on artisanal gold mining sites in Burkina Faso, we use the institutional development analysis framework to discuss local governance and the division of labor in the artisanal gold mining camps in Bukina Faso; a country in West Africa which, in recent years, is increasingly exploiting its gold reserves. Field data were collected from three sites in the villages of Diosso, Siguinoguin and Zincko, according to reasoned sampling. One of the major discoveries from on-site research is that forms of governance vary along a continuum ranging from flexible (applied by joint powers: artisanal miners’ union, customary authorities and landowners) to rigid (applied by landowners). Another conclusion is that the type of relationship between indigenous communities and minors depends on the importance of the autochtony of artisanal miners. Indeed they are harmonious in Zincko where the miners are from the village while they are stretched to Siguinoguin which is populated by migrants. Finally, this article is based on the French school of proximity to enrich the definitions given to the attributes of the physical world and to the attributes of the community highlighted by the Ostrom theory, the geographical proximity not allowing to detail the forms relational proximity organized in the mining camps. In the second chapter, How do artisanal gold mining and smallholder farming coexist in Burkina Faso?, we propose an understanding of the dynamic relationship between subsistence agriculture and artisanal mining, drawing on evidence from artisanal mining communities in v the villages of Diosso, Siguinoguin and Zincko located in Burkina Faso. Research shows that communities face many vulnerabilities such as lack of rain and natural disasters and increasing safety concerns-related to terrorist attacks-in the Northern part of the country. On the one hand, agriculture supports artisanal gold mining by providing farmers with the income they need to engage in the activity, such as paying for the transport from their respective villages to mining camps; on the other hand, artisanal gold mining significantly supports agriculture by supporting families during lean periods of the dry season and by contributing to the purchase of agricultural inputs. While this interaction appears to be beneficial, the youth interviews revealed a real problem for farm succession that has become accustomed to the new modern life that could be offered through gold panning. Then, farm succession develops coping strategies that move it away from farming activities and lead it towards unsustainable long-term livelihoods. In the last chapter, Obtaining empowerment in a man’s world, we examine the economic and social empowerment of women through artisanal mining in Burkina Faso. We conducted individual interviews and focus groups on three mining camps across the country. These interviews provided information on the different roles played by women in mining camps, their access to the necessary resources and the collective power that they develop while working together in the mining camps. In general, women report that they engage in artisanal mining for precarious financial reasons and agricultural poverty. Our results indicate that access to resources depends on women’s positions, initial investments and marital status. It tends to be provided by husbands for married women who need less than 50 USD in initial investments (these women usually perform winnowing tasks). We found that only pit owners and stall owners (stands where stones are crushed, washed and processed) easily achieve greater economic and social independence by improving their economic level, self-esteem and autonomy. As far as "panners" are concerned, even if they improve their self-esteem, their incomes remain low to ensure sustainable economic autonomy.
Reys, Aurélien. "Ressources gemmifères et développement des territoires : la filière des pierres de couleur du Minas Gerais au Brésil". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC034.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to study the relationship between the abundance of natural wealth and the level of economic development of local population, as exemplified by colored gemstone resources and the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais. This space, which constitutes one of the greatest reserves of gemstones in the world, does not appear to profit fully from its resources because the areas in which mining operations take place are mainly characterizes by socio-economical indexes below the national average. Most local actors involved in the exploitation of these precious minerais must besides face significant difficulties, which have increased over the fast twenty years. The main reason for this decrease in production is however not, as it is often suggested, the subordination to foreign powers, nor the intensification of public authorities' battle against illegal mining activities. The decline of activities observed actually has its origin in the recent improvement of living conditions amongst local populations, which have therefore less inclined to choose physically tiring and badly paid dangerous activities than they were in the past. On the basis of this assessment, this thesis defends the idea according to which the specialization on certains territories in the field of mining extration is not a cause, but rather a consequence of poverty
Verret, François-Olivier. "Développement d'un capteur de taux de rétention d'air pour une colonne de flottation". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23478/23478.pdf.
Texto completoThis work presents the design of different gas hold-up (εg) sensors with a laboratory flotation column. These sensors are compared to existing gas hold-up measurement methodologies for the automatic control of a flotation column with an internal diameter of 2 1/4” and a 7 meters length. For the purpose of design validation, the following parameters were tested: liquid conductivity, air flow, percent solids and frother addition. Two methods were tested: the modified standard addition and the modified syphon cell (McGill). These methods were validated with the isolation of a column section. The modified syphon cell gives good results on a large range of gas hold-ups. The problematic calibration of the modified standard addition method results in a less accurate hold-up measurement. In general, a combination of high volumetric fraction of standard (~60%) with a low gas hold-up give good results. An elevated high gas hold-up causes turbulence in the sensor. The standard addition standard method (εstd = 45%) gave unreliable results due to a lack of sensitivity to conductivity changes. A summary of the research relating to the surface bubble area flux and the bubble diameter is also presented in this master thesis. A bubble viewer prototype for a column flotation was designed based on the McGill bubble viewer.
Este trabajo presenta el diseño de diferentes sensores de hold-up de gas (εg) para una columna de flotación de laboratorio. Estos sensores fueron comparados con métodos de medición existentes para el control automático de una columna de flotación de 2 ¼” de diámetro interno y 7 metros de largo. Para la validación del diseño, se analizaron los siguientes parámetros: conductividad del líquido, flujo de aire, porcentaje de sólidos y adición de espumante. Dos métodos fueron estudiados: adición modificada de standard y la celda sifón modificada (McGill). Estos métodos fueron validados mediante el aislamiento de una sección de la columna. La celda sifón modificada da buenos resultados en un amplio rango de hold-up de gas. La difícil calibración del método de adición standard modificado genera mediciones de hold-up de gas menos precisas. En general, la combinación de una alta fracción volumétrica de standard (~60%) con un bajo hold-up de gas da buenos resultados. Un elevado hold-up de gas causa turbulencia en el sensor. El método de adición de standard (εstd = 5%) dió resultados no confiables debido a la falta de sensibilidad a cambios de conductividad Un resumen de la investigación sobre la tasa de superficie de burbujas y el diámetro de burbuja es también presentado en esta memora. Un prototipo de visor de burbuja para una columna de flotación fue diseñado basado en el visor de burbujas de McGill.
Kamal, Hassan. "Urbanisation et développement d'une ville Phosphatière : l'exemple de Khouribga (Maroc)". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010582.
Texto completoThere has been an ever increasing urbanization all aver the world for the last four decades. In morocco, like in many other developing countries urbanization is spreading fast. Khouribga has not been left intouched by this pehnomenon. We must point out however, that the urban development of this town has leen narrowly linked with the mining place in the world. Today, khouribga is faced with a serious housing crisis and insufficient maintenance services which have become the most accute symptoms of urban crisis. The proposals on a level the urban management are intended to provide an answer to the deterioration of the urban environment, to the housing crisis and to the endlessly repetitive architecture
Goulet, Audrey. "Développement et application d'un modèle géomécanique intégré pour une exploitation minière sous hautes contraintes et sujette à la séismicité". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34171.
Texto completoBoivin, Marie-Claude. "Développement de prothèses artérielles favorisant l'endothélialisation". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29143/29143.pdf.
Texto completoDialga, Issaka. "Un développement durable fondé sur l'exploitation minière est-il envisageable ? : élaboration d'un Indice de soutenabilité des pays miniers appliqué au Burkina Faso et au Niger". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT3025.
Texto completoThe mining countries face diverse challenges as they strive for economic success. Our research is guided by the following questions: how to ensure a sustainable extraction of an exhaustible resource? How to minimize the cumulative impacts of this extraction on the environment and populations? To what extent do the perceived rents improve the living conditions of the people? How to ensure the sustainability of a harmonized development in the post-mine? This thesis provides answers by proposing a Sustainability Index of Mining Countries applied to Burkina Faso and Niger through top down and bottom up approaches. The index reveals a dichotomy between perceived rents and development indicators. The thesis suggests natural resource planning. First, renegotiating mining contracts. The reform of mining contracts makes possible the constitution of a substantial national rent in order to fund the structural transformation. This transformation requires 18.8 billion dollars in Technology and Human Capital. The simulation indicates that industrialization creates a dynamic between this sector and the rural urban sectors. The study suggests that the dynamics created in the economic dimension constantly fuels the other dimensions of the tool, namely the social, environmental, transversal and governance, political and institutional dimensions, in particular the "pivotal" sectors: education, energy and social justice. Finally, governments should define a permanent sovereign fund in order to guarantee the sustainability of development for future generations. The thesis suggests that the question of sustainable development has to be constitutionalized and the actions should be better defined
Moravej, Maryam. "Développement et validation des matériaux métalliques pour stents cardiovasculaires biodégradables par dépôt électrolytique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27897/27897.pdf.
Texto completoDegradable metallic coronary stents have emerged as possible alternatives for permanent stents fabricated from corrosion-resistant metals such as 316L stainless steel (316L SS). Pure iron has shown to be an interesting candidate for degradable stents in terms of mechanical properties, degradation and biocompatibility. This project is the first to investigate the feasibility of using electroforming process for production of iron for degradable stents where the material is used for a load-bearing application. In this project, firstly, an electroforming process was developed. The produced iron foils showed a fine microstructure and high yield and tensile strength were also obtained comparable to those of 316L SS. Annealing at 550˚C for 1h induced recrystallization in iron and improved its ductility from 8 to 18%. The investigation of the degradation of electroformed iron in Hank’s solution using potentiodynamic polarization, static immersion and dynamic degradation tests showed that it corrodes faster than Armco® iron previously investigated for degradable stents. The effect of current density as an electroforming parameter on the microstructure and thereby the degradation of iron was also studied. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) showed that different microstructures including grain size and texture were produced at different current densities from 1-10 A dm-2. The highest degradation rate was obtained for iron fabricated at 5 A dm-2 since it possesses small grain size and equiaxed grains with random orientations providing more grain boundary volume can be held responsible for its faster degradation rate compared to the other iron samples. Finally, the electroforming process was successfully applied for the fabrication of iron tubes. Iron tubes were electroformed on Sn cylinders which were separated from them by melting after the process. The tubes were then used for the fabrication of iron stents by laser-cutting. Iron stents fabricated from electroformed tubes demonstrated an average grain size of 5 µm after annealing and acid-pickling. This grain size is finer than what usually obtained for 316L SS stents and could potentially provide high mechanical properties and targeted degradation for electroformed iron stents.
Thépot, André. "Les ingénieurs du corps des mines du XIXe siècle,1810-1914 : recherches sur la naissance et le développement d'une technocratie industrielle". Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100015.
Texto completoDjoudi, Neïla. "Conception, développement et mise au point d'un procédé hydrométallurgique de récupération du cobalt (II) issu de mines secondaires par précipitation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0010.
Texto completoCobalt is one of the fifty strategic metals considered essential for the industry and which are at the heart of global economic and geopolitical issues. This is why, research into the recovery of this critical metal, from industrial or urban waste, are particularly important for the years to come. The subject of the thesis is the development of a hydrometallurgical process to recover cobalt from a Li-ion battery leachate by precipitation. The first part of the thesis focused on the precipitating agent choice, which must meet a certain number of criteria in order to recover cobalt efficiently. Based on these criteria, a comparative study of the different precipitating agents was carried out. It was based on the literature as well as on the simulations of thermodynamic equilibria carried out in Visual Minteq 3.0. The results showed that it was possible to recover 99.8% of cobalt, in the hydroxide form. Based on these results, experiments were conducted to validate the hypotheses put forward and to compare the results obtained with the simulations performed. Experimentally, several parameters were studied in order to determine the optimal conditions for cobalt recovery, in terms of yield, filterability and selectivity. Certain parameters such as supersaturation can influence the product obtained typology (particle size, agglomerate size, polymorphism...). The selected polymorph should allow to obtain the highest yields and the lowest filtration times. Subsequently, the research focused on the study of complex synthetic media containing cobalt and manganese, thus getting closer to the real conditions of Li-ion battery leachates, and appearing on the proposed process scheme. Experimental results were compared to simulations previously carried out. Finally, based on the results obtained in discontinuous mode, experiments were carried out in continuous mode. It was possible to determine the optimal parameters for cobalt recovery and to extrapolate them to the pilot scale in a fluidized bed reactor, allowing the process to be considered on a larger scale
Lévesque, Marie Claude. "Investissement direct étranger, souveraineté nationale et développement : l'exploitation et le commerce du cuivre au Chili". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27108/27108.pdf.
Texto completoFrançois, Sébastien. "Optimisation de la structure textile des prothèses vasculaires pour un développement en monocouche des cellules endothéliales". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26652/26652.pdf.
Texto completoJean, Roudy. "Développement d'un mélange d'hydro-ensemencement herbacé pour la phytorestauration de résidus miniers aurifères". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28232.
Texto completoBiochar, hydrogel and plant symbionts were tested as amendments and biostimulants for plant growth of Festuca rubra, Trifolium repens L and Avena sativa L hydro-seeded on gold mine fine tailings and waste rock. A germination test indicated that both biochars favored plant germination between 61% and 91%, except for combination BQ-Érable-500-3with white clover. A first experiment consisting of three hydrogel doses (0 g/kg, 10 g/kg, 15 g/kg of substrate) combined with 0% or 15% v / v of biochar was conducted on the growth of hydro-seeded A. sativa, F. rubra and T. repens planted together on these gold mine tailings under controlled conditions. The addition of hydrogel to biochar increased plant biomass between 20% and 27% compared to the control without biochar. The addition of biochar at 15% v/v to tailings had no effects on the aboveground and total biomass of plants in the mesocosm experiment. An interaction was observed between the hydrogel and the biochar. However, this interaction was negatively influenced by the high rate of biochar applied. In a second experiment, the interaction of both biochars with 15% v/v or without biochar (0%) and of a microbial consortium including two dinitrogen fixing symbiotic bacteria strains (Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifoli FH345K and Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifoli USDA2046), a free-free-living dinitrogen-fixing bacteria strain (Pseudomonas putida MBN 0213) and a fungal strain of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) (Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197198) were observed in mesocosm greenhouse experiment. Biochar made with maple bark at 7000C increased plant biomass by 20% compared to treatment without biochar, but the other biochar made of 75% of wood and bark maple at 500 0C did not influence growth. There was no interaction between biochar and the microbial consortium. Despite their differences in individual biomass, the two plant mixtures did not behave differently in terms of total above ground biomass. These results suggest that hydrogel and biochar are beneficial for plant growth, with either of the plant mixtures, in environments difficult for plants growth such as tailings. On the other hand, the effect of biochar on plant growth depends of the biochar type. Keywords: Biochar, mine reclamation, hydrogel, gold mining, Avena sativa, Trifolium repens, Festuca rubra
Segard, Maxence. "Les Alpes occidentales à l'époque romaine : développement urbain et exploitation des ressources des régions de montagne : Italie, Gaule Narbonnaise, provinces alpines". Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10063.
Texto completoGiguère, Nicolas. "Développement de nouvelles formulations de poudres métalliques pour la fabrication de composantes de haute performance". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27211/27211.pdf.
Texto completoJacotin, Arnaud. "Contribution au développement de méthodes thermiques en vue de la détection d'objets enfouis". École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ESAE0017.
Texto completoDialga, Issaka. "Un développement durable fondé sur l'exploitation minière est-il envisageable ? : élaboration d'un Indice de soutenabilité des pays miniers appliqué au Burkina Faso et au Niger". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT3025/document.
Texto completoThe mining countries face diverse challenges as they strive for economic success. Our research is guided by the following questions: how to ensure a sustainable extraction of an exhaustible resource? How to minimize the cumulative impacts of this extraction on the environment and populations? To what extent do the perceived rents improve the living conditions of the people? How to ensure the sustainability of a harmonized development in the post-mine? This thesis provides answers by proposing a Sustainability Index of Mining Countries applied to Burkina Faso and Niger through top down and bottom up approaches. The index reveals a dichotomy between perceived rents and development indicators. The thesis suggests natural resource planning. First, renegotiating mining contracts. The reform of mining contracts makes possible the constitution of a substantial national rent in order to fund the structural transformation. This transformation requires $ 18.8 billion in Technology and Human Capital. The simulation indicates that industrialization creates a dynamic between this sector and the rural urban sectors. The study suggests that the dynamics created in the economic dimension constantly fuels the other dimensions of the tool, namely the social, environmental, transversal and governance, political and institutional dimensions, in particular the "pivotal" sectors: education, energy and social justice. Finally, governments should define a permanent sovereign fund in order to guarantee the sustainability of development for future generations. The thesis suggests that the question of sustainable development has to be constitutionalized and the actions should be better defined
Le, Gal Nils. "Libération et migration du méthane depuis le charbon dans un contexte hydrogéologique post-minier : développement d'un protocole expérimental et approche numérique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0021.
Texto completoAn experimental laboratory device has been developed in order to better characterize the possibility if gas emissions from flooded coal mines. Coal samples, saturated with methane, have been submitted at hydrostatic pressure from 3 to 4.3 MPa in an autoclave cell. The initial set-up and the technical apparatus added during the thesis work permit to establish an operational protocol. The results and their analysis highlight two processes: a significant desorption of methane from the flooded coal and the impact of the water penetration in the coal pores on the hydrostatic pressure. The pressure levels the coal was submitted to reveal that an increase of hydrostatic pressure enhances desorption and dissolution, as a consequence of a deeper solicitation of the methane-saturated pores.The experimental equilibrium constants have been taken into account in numerical models aiming to simulate the methane migration in flooded mine structures. The simplest models showed the importance of coal and mine voids permeability and the methane release limitation by flooding. The methane concentration in water is controlled by the desorption constant of the coal and its initial methane content. Other models simulating a flooding management context illustrate the impact of pumping on methane release and its influence concerning an eventual surface emission after decades or even century
Yamba, Bandeja. "Développement industriel et transformation de l'économie agricole villageoise au Shaba (Zaïre), 1920-1960". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29389.
Texto completoGallino, Enrico. "Étude et développement de dépôts d'allylamine assistés par plasma basse pression spécifiques aux stents coronariens recouverts". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27719/27719.pdf.
Texto completoCoronary stents are metallic devices, mainly made of 316L stainless steel (316L SS) used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis. In order to reduce the restenosis rate of bare metal stents, coated stents and drug eluting stents were developed. The aim of this study is to develop a process to isolate metallic surface from the biological environment by depositing a thin plasma polymerized allylamine (PPAA) film on the metallic surface. Allylamine has been chosen as molecular precursor to insure high retention of primary amino groups which can be used, afterwards, to graft biomolecules to improve the biocompatibility of the devices. PPAA films were deposited on flat electropolished 316L SS samples in a low pressure plasma reactor (70 kHz). The different surface analytical methods (water contact angle, XPS, FTIR-ATR) showed that surface chemical composition of the coatings was not significantly influenced by variation of plasma power discharge and treatment time. However, chemical derivatization has shown that high selectivity towards primary amino-groups could be obtained using low discharge power values. In fact, in-situ diagnostic analysis of the plasma discharge, performed by mass spectrometry and optical emission spectroscopy, revealed the increase of the energetic character of the discharge as a function of discharge power that leads to higher fragmentation of the precursor. The coating stability in de-ionised (D.I.) water has been also investigated. We have found an optimum of stability for films deposited at a power of 2 W. For this optimized condition, we have the best trade-off between selectivity and stability upon immersion in D.I. water. In order to mimic stent expansion conditions, a “small punch test” has been used to investigate the adhesive properties of the coating. According to XPS analysis, no significative modification of the chemical composition of the coating was induced by plastic deformation. No cracks, delamination or failures of the coating were observed by FE-SEM indicating that the coating presents sufficient interfacial adhesion and cohesion to resist to plastic deformation. For these reasons, PPAA films presents promising features to be applied as a coating for coronary stents.
Hezard, Teddy. "Développement d'un capteur pour mesurer en continu et in situ les teneurs en fer (III) et fer (II) ainsi que d'autres métaux dans les eaux d'exhaure des anciens sites miniers". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP0988.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with mining effluents monitoring. It has been cofinanced by the Office of Geological and Mining Research and the Ministry of Research within the scope of the Fer_On_Line project, resulting from the network of Research and Technological Innovation on Water. The purpose of this project was to develop an electrochemical sensor for the continuous and in situ determination of iron(II) and iron(III) levels, as well as other elements, in acid mine drainage waters from abandoned mining sites and to transmit them by telemetry. The follow-up of these elements "markers" informs about the overall evolution of the mining effluents from a given site. It has been shown that the concentration measurement of iron [iron(I) and/or iron(III)] in the mining effluents from two abandoned sites (Chessy and Carnoulès) was possible by amperometric detection, as well as copper(II) measurement [Chessy]. Another species, such as arsenic(III) [Carnoulès], could be detected but not quantified. An electrochemical cell using impinging jet flow adapted for in situ measurements of acid mine drainage waters has been designed and carried out, as well as associated electronics. The prototype composed of the cell including the amperometric sensor and the measurement instrument has been established on the site of Carnoulès where continuous and in situ measurements of iron(II) level has been carried out during 7 days. The results showed not only a very good agreement between the values determined by amperometry and those obtained by colorimetry but also a good life time of the amperometric sensor. Thus, the continuation of the study is very promising
Troch, Kevin. "Ne pas grever l'avenir au bénéfice du présent : Une histoire environnementale de l’extraction du charbon de la fin du 18e siècle à l’Entre-deux-guerres : un développement non soutenable. : L’exemple du Couchant de Mons et du Valenciennois". Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H004.
Texto completoThis is a study on the history of the environmental impacts of coal mining in the « Couchant de Mons » and the « Valenciennois » basins and the development of extractivism in Belgium and France from the 18th century to the Inter-war Period. It highlights the cultural foundations and the scientific and legal basis explaining the expansion of coal mining in these two countries, especially regarding the regulation of mining damages. Reactions of the States, mining companies and the inhabitants of the basins to the environmental damages caused by coal extraction are also analyzed. Processes of negotiation, power strategies and movements against coal mining are at the heart of this thesis. The heavy weight of collieries in the regulation system of mining damages, the willingness of governments to allow the extraction of coal and the development of a « War against coal » by the inhabitants are analyzed from several exemplary situations. Finally, this work considers the influence of geologists and mining engineers in the creation of a « science of mining damages » through three scientific controversies : induced seismicity, theories on mining subsidence and flooding engendered by coal mining
Latty, Lionel. "Henri Fournel, 1799-1876, ingénieur du corps des mines, saint-simonien, sa vie, ses oeuvres, sa contribution au développement économique, industriel et social de son époque". Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100065.
Texto completoMerveille, Nicolas. "LOGIQUE PROCÉDURALE ET DISPOSITIFS DE MESURE Ethnographie d'une ONG de conservation et développement au Pérou". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458287.
Texto completoGnamien, Yao. "L'Industrie minière face aux évolutions sociétales : quels impacts des attentes des populations et des collectivités locales sur le développement des projets miniers ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0086.
Texto completoSince the beginning of the 1990s, almost throughout the world, bordering communities of mining projects oppose the proceedings of mining exploitation works. This phenomenon occurs in developed countries as well as in developing countries. It is also present both in democratic and in non democratic countries.To justify the determination to offer solutions to this problem, the first part of this work proves that the mining industry is the catalyst and the base of the modern economic growth and that, consequently, any disturbance in the safety of mining product supplying deserves a mobilization of the international community.In the second part, the conclusion shows that these mistrust actions are far from being ideological claims. They are simply the expression of a contemporary request which consists in integrating into mining resource development decisions the principles globalization is based on : the respect for the right to collective and individual development, the respect for human rights, including the right to the environment and the participation of communities or individuals in any decision-making that may affect their lives.In the third part, it is proved that the African continent has turned to be the new mining development pole since the end of the cold war. In these conditions, the study of the issue of the community mobilizations against mining exploitation, in four African countries with strong mining traditions such as Guinea and Morocco and in the process of mining development such as Mali and Ivory Coast, allows us to understand that mobilizations against mining projects do really exist in Africa.In these conditions and as a conclusion, it is first of all necessary to wish that the international community be concerned by this issue to organize a world summit on the future of the mining industry in the 20th century, and that a World Fund in the service of the Development of Communities Concerned by Mining Projects (FMDCAPM) be created.Secondly, one must consider, at the scale of the producing States, that the national mining policies be the reflection of a real consensus between the States, the mining companies and the local authorities by insisting on the necessity of giving the latter ones Investment funds fed by each project.Finally, and always at the scale of States, it is to wish that the search for solutions to be brought to both social and economic concerns of the zones affected by the mining projects be entrusted to an Autonomous National Authority (ANA) which will know how to negotiate at best, independently from governmental authorities, the interests of communities and local populations
Leroy, Marc. "La sidérurgie ancienne en Lorraine avant le Haut Fourneau : étude du développement historique et des conditions techniques de l'utilisation du minerai oolithique lorrain (La Minette) en metallurgie de réduction directe". Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA1020.
Texto completoChamaret, Aurélie. "Une démarche Top-Down / Bottom-Up pour l’évaluation en termes multicritères et multi-acteurs des projets miniers dans l’optique du développement durable : application sur les mines d’Uranium d’Arlit (Niger)". Phd thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS018S.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to appraise the relevance of using an hybrid top-down / bottom-up approach to evaluate mining projects in the perspective of sustainable development. With the advent of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development concepts, new social expectations have appeared towards companies that go beyond a sole requirement of profit-earning capacity. If companies do not answer to these expectations, they risk to lose their social legitimacy. Traditionally associated with social, environmental, economical and political impacts and risks, mining activity is particularly concerned by these new issues. Whereas mineral resources needs have never been so high, mining companies are now expected to limit their negative effects and to take into account their different audiences’ expectations in order to define, together, the terms of their social license to operate. Considering the diversity of issues, scales, actors and contexts, the challenge is real and necessitates tools to better understand issues and to structure dialogues. Based on the Uranium mines of Arlit (Niger) case study, this work shows that associating participatory approaches to structuring tools and literature propositions, appears as an efficient formula to better organise issues diversity and to build a structured dialogue between mining companies and their stakeholders. First Part aims to present the theoretical, institutional and sectorial contexts of the thesis. Second Part exposes work and results of the evaluation carried out in Niger. And, Third Part, shows the conclusions that can be derived from this work and presents a proposal for an evaluation framework, potentially applicable to other mining sites
Le, Gal Nils. "Libération et migration du méthane depuis le charbon dans un contexte hydrogéologique post-minier : développement d'un protocole expérimental et approche numérique". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00734686.
Texto completoNico, Thibaut. "Étude et développement de solutions de relocalisation d'objets sous-marins par des véhicules sous-marins hétérogènes". Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENTA0005.
Texto completoIn the Mine Counter Measure (MCM) context in the underwater environment, it is vital to revisit some potentially dangerous objects to identify and neutralize them if they are actually mines. This dangerous task was usually performed by humandivers but more and more it is conducted by unmanned underwater robots. Due to the low cost design of the revisit/mine-killer robot, going straightforward to the geolocalized suspicious object does not guarantee that the robot will redetect it.Moreover the robot may dive at a far position from the target and the lack of absolute positioning system in underwater environment demands a strategy to follow to guarantee the revisit of this target. Based on a priori information in the working area and especially the presence of geolocalized landmarks, the problem is solved as a motion planning problem considering uncertainties due to the increasing error when navigating underwater. In the context of bounded errors, the problem is solved in a set-membership manner. Firstly, based on the location and the shape of the landmarks, and on the visibility area of the sensor embedded, the registration maps are computed indicating the sets of robot poses to detect the different landmarks considered in order to reduce the uncertainty on the robot position. Secondly, based on a parametric motion model with uncertain parameters, an high level strategy is provided through a raph optimization. The strategy consists in navigating between the registration maps toreduce each times the uncertainty in position of therobot and finally to guarantee the reachability of agoal area corresponding to the redetection of the target
Chamaret, Aurélie. "Une démarche Top-Down / Bottom-Up pour l’évaluation en termes multicritères et multi-acteurs des projets miniers dans l’optique du développement durable : application sur les mines d’Uranium d’Arlit (Niger)". Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194445.
Texto completoBarbaroux, Romain. "Développement d'un procédé hydrométallurgique de récupération du nickel". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL087N/document.
Texto completoThis research has been done in the context of the design of an original method aiming at obtaining high added value products of nickel, combining phytoextraction and valorization. Phytoextraction is conducted with the hyperaccumulating plant Alyssum murale, endemic species of serpentine soils in Albania. Serpentine soils can be considered as secondary resources: they contain high concentrations of nickel, which are not high enough for conventional mining techniques. The plant Alyssum murale can extract and concentrate nickel in its tissues. Nickel present in the biomass could be almost totally solubilized in batch reactor and with a 3 step countercurrent process. This leaching produced a solution containing nickel bound to organic molecules and other metals and organic compounds as well. Direct separation processes (e.g. selective precipitation and electrowinning) did not enable us to obtain nickel. Two methods have been investigated: (i) extraction by an organic nickel –selective solvent (Cyanex 272), extraction by an aqueous solution and electrowinning and (ii) crystallization of a double salt, nickel ammonium sulfate, from a leaching solution obtained from biomass ashes. Nickel products were characterized by different techniques. A technico-economical study showed the high commercial potential of the double salt production
Gnamien, Yao. "L'Industrie minière face aux évolutions sociétales : quels impacts des attentes des populations et des collectivités locales sur le développement des projets miniers ?" Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0086/document.
Texto completoSince the beginning of the 1990s, almost throughout the world, bordering communities of mining projects oppose the proceedings of mining exploitation works. This phenomenon occurs in developed countries as well as in developing countries. It is also present both in democratic and in non democratic countries.To justify the determination to offer solutions to this problem, the first part of this work proves that the mining industry is the catalyst and the base of the modern economic growth and that, consequently, any disturbance in the safety of mining product supplying deserves a mobilization of the international community.In the second part, the conclusion shows that these mistrust actions are far from being ideological claims. They are simply the expression of a contemporary request which consists in integrating into mining resource development decisions the principles globalization is based on : the respect for the right to collective and individual development, the respect for human rights, including the right to the environment and the participation of communities or individuals in any decision-making that may affect their lives.In the third part, it is proved that the African continent has turned to be the new mining development pole since the end of the cold war. In these conditions, the study of the issue of the community mobilizations against mining exploitation, in four African countries with strong mining traditions such as Guinea and Morocco and in the process of mining development such as Mali and Ivory Coast, allows us to understand that mobilizations against mining projects do really exist in Africa.In these conditions and as a conclusion, it is first of all necessary to wish that the international community be concerned by this issue to organize a world summit on the future of the mining industry in the 20th century, and that a World Fund in the service of the Development of Communities Concerned by Mining Projects (FMDCAPM) be created.Secondly, one must consider, at the scale of the producing States, that the national mining policies be the reflection of a real consensus between the States, the mining companies and the local authorities by insisting on the necessity of giving the latter ones Investment funds fed by each project.Finally, and always at the scale of States, it is to wish that the search for solutions to be brought to both social and economic concerns of the zones affected by the mining projects be entrusted to an Autonomous National Authority (ANA) which will know how to negotiate at best, independently from governmental authorities, the interests of communities and local populations
Pasquet, Camille. "Evaluation de la biodisponibilité du nickel, cobalt et manganèse dans les poussières de sols ultramafiques et développement d'un outil de bioindication lichénique des poussières émises par les activités minières en Nouvelle Calédonie". Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NCAL0008/document.
Texto completoBioavailability estimation of nickel, cobalt and manganese in dust from ultramafic soils likely to be mobilized by wind and~eve lopment of a bioindication tool using lichen for dust emitted by mining activities in New Caledonia New Caledonian altered ultramafic soils, particularly rich in Ni, Co, Mn and Cr, are extracted by opencast mines which generale dust rich in metals. The objective of th is work is to develop approaches for environmental risk assessment of dust emitted by opencast mines and nickel ore metallurgical plants. The assessmentof metals' bioavailable fraction from two dust granulometrie size fractions, one less than 100 IJm which is mobilizable by wind (F<1001Jm,) and another one able to penetrate the respiratory system (PM 1 0), has been determined by kinetic extraction with EDT A. The development of a new separation deviee based on particle transport subjected to a nitrogen flux in a horizontal tube has been necessary for PM1 0 segregation. Kinetic extractions le ad to the distinction of th ree metal pools: rapidly labile, less rapidly labile and non-bioavailable. Trace metal potentially bioavailable concentrations were always high and the less rapidly labile pool is always the most concentrated pool. Concerning F<1 001Jm, the less rapidly kinetic constant of the less rapidly labile pool is weaker for mining soils than forest soils. F<1001Jm fractions from mining soils representa more durable reserve in trace metal than the same fraction from forest soils. Bioindication using lichens with compositional data analysis of their metal concentration allow defining an indicator of emission dispersion. This methodology could support air quality monitoring networks in New Caledonia
Riascos, Benavides José Luis. "Natural resources, institutions, and sustainable development : a regional analysis in Latin America". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ORLE1090.
Texto completoThis thesis contributes to the literature on the resource curse at the subnational level, focusing on mining in Latin America within the context of climate change. It examines how mining influences sustainable development and explores public attitudes toward sustainable development in the face of competing priorities. The first chapter analyzes the impact of energy transition metal (ETM) mining on the quality of institutions in Latin America. A novel institutional quality index dataset at the subnational level is constructed. Using a synthetic difference-in-differences approach, with the treatment group consisting of regions where ETM mining begins, the findings indicate that mining reduces the quality of local institutions, particularly in terms of perceived government effectiveness. This decline in institutional quality may potentially compromise long-term development, given the key role of strong institutions. Chapter 2 investigates the contribution of the mining sector to sustainable development in Mexican municipalities. Employing a staggered difference-in-differences design, with municipalities where mining operations occur as the treatment group, the results suggest that mining does not significantly affect economic inequality or education and has a limited impact on household income but does lead to environmental degradation. These findings highlight potential negative trade-offs for mining communities. Lastly, Chapter 3 examines voter attitudes toward investments aimed at sustainable development in Colombia. The analysis reveals that when confronted with competing concerns, voters prioritize security and visible infrastructure over sustainability-focused investments. However, municipalities with lower security concerns or higher levels of education exhibit more diverse priorities, suggesting that context significantly influences voter preferences
Savelli, Guillaume. "Etude et développement de composants thermoélectriques à base de couches minces". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257433.
Texto completoNianga, Jean-Marie. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement asymptotique des plaques minces en piézoélectricité linéaire". Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-166.pdf.
Texto completoChampory, Romain. "Cellules solaires silicium ultra-minces nanostructurées : conception électro-optique et développement technologique". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC057/document.
Texto completoThin-film crystalline silicon solar cells are promising candidates for future developments in the photovoltaic industry, through expected costs reductions and applications in flexible modules. To be competitive, thin-film monocrystalline silicon solar cell technology must differentiate itself from conventional ones. It is generally based on the epitaxy of high-quality layers and then on the transfer of these layers onto a mechanical support to complete the manufacture of the cell and reuse the growth substrate. The aim of this thesis is to find the technological associations that make it possible to realize high-efficiency photovoltaic cells from thin and ultra-thin layers of monocrystalline silicon. The work presented focuses on two main axes: the development and control of technological processes for the fabrication of thin-film solar cells and the optimization of high-performance thin-cell architectures.In this framework, the development of manufacturing techniques began with the development of thin-film transfer processes: low temperature laser welding technology and high temperature fast annealing welding technology. In order to increase conversion efficiency, we have developed surface patterns using the nano-photonics concepts to improve the absorbency of thin films. With an interferential lithography at 266 nm and dry etching by RIE and wet etching by TMAH (Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide), we can produce high-performance photonic crystals on epitaxial layers of silicon. Finally, we were able to design optimized architectures of thin solar cells with homo-junction of silicon and hetero-junction amorphous silicon / crystalline silicon more efficient electrically, thanks to electro-optical simulation tools. Our theoretical approach has also led us to explain the electrical phenomena specific to thin films, and to demonstrate the full potential of thin photovoltaic cells made of monocrystalline silicon
Haddar, Houssem. "Modèles asymptotiques en ferromagnétisme : couches minces et homogénéisation". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2000. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002381.
Texto completoVan, Sterthem Annie. "Influence des minis tunnels sur le développement et la productivité des fraisiers aphotopériodiques". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29704/29704.pdf.
Texto completoSarrant-Foresti, Maud. "Étude et développement de systèmes nanostructures pour des verres optiquement fonctionnels". Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STET4009.
Texto completoThe thesis reports on the results obtained in the frame of a PhD (Collaboration between Saint-Gobain Recherche, joint laboratory CNRS / Saint-Gobain and laboratory Hubert Curien) aiming at modelling and fabricating nanostructures for glass functionalization. The work focuses more especially on the modelling and fabrication of wire-grid broadband reflective polarizer for the visible spectrum. Modelling of deep metal diffraction gratings with any profile surface is exposed in the first part. Numerical calculation of such gratings is indeed a delicate issue, especially in the case of TM polarization : the thesis presents the electromagnetic model called «True-Mode Method» (TMM) adjusted for solving the problem. It is demonstrated that the TMM is robust and reliable enough for calculating gratings with any shape, including profiles with real fabrication defects. This demonstrates that the TMM can be used as an efficient and reliable grating design tool. Hot nanoimprint is studied in the second part as a large surface and low cost nanopatterning process. The nano-impression set-up is presented. The principle and first tests of a scatterometry set-up for measuring rheological properties of films to be nanoimpressed are presented. Finally we give the properties of a fabricated subwavelength wiregrid polarizer designed for the visible spectrum. Optical properties of the polarizer have been measured and compared to the TMM simulated ones
Mege, Fabrice. "AFM à contact résonant : développement et modélisation". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618676.
Texto completoZhang, Peng. "Développement et fabrication de transistors couches minces verticaux en technologie silicium polycristallin basse température". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00815161.
Texto completoAspe, Barthélémy. "Développement de couches minces ferroélectriques sans plomb et intégration dans des antennes miniatures reconfigurables". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S037/document.
Texto completoFerroelectric materials are a solution for reducing the size of electronic devices for telecommunication applications while also enabling reconfigurability. Among the multifunctional materials, KxNa1-xNbO3 (KNN) is a promising lead-free oxide for a large number of applications. The main goal of this work is the elaboration of KNN thin films and their dielectric characterisations in order to integrate the thin film to obtain miniature reconfigurable antennas. The permittivity εr, the loss tanδ and the tunability, at microwave frequencies, of the KNN were retrieved from thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Also, the progress on the deposition of KNN thin films by RF magnetron sputtering will be presented. After the investigation of the effect of the composition and the structural properties of the KNN thin films on their dielectric properties, the tunability has been increased up to 20% under a 90 kV/cm electric field for x = 0.5. A dielectric characterisation of depending on the temperature, at 10 GHz, has shown an increase of the permittivity value from 360 at 20°C up to 1000 at 240°C, indicating the polymorphic phase transition. The tetragonal tungsten bronze phase (TTB), barely studied in the K-Na-Nb-O system, has been prepared in thin film and exhibiting high values of permittivity at both low and microwave frequencies (~200 à 10 kHz and ~130 à 10 GHz). Finally the design, realisation and measurements of miniature antennas integrating KNN has been done
Richard, Frédéric-Jacques. "Déconstruction de la notion de "développement durable" et de ses mises en oeuvre : le "développement durable", un projet pour l'entreprise et les pouvoirs publics ?" Lyon 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO33053.
Texto completoThis thesis is a deconstruction of the notion of "sustainable development". First it analyses the political debates and the scientific discussions witch built the notion in sciences, in the public management and industry. It retraces the genesis of the notion. The second part analyses a corpus of management urban cases, with quantitative and qualitative method. The third part sums up what is the "sustainable development" in industrial management. It has been done by managers' interviews. Finally, the thesis discuss the limitation of the notion, and the usefulness of some "sustainable development" management tools