Artículos de revistas: "Minorities Minorities Environmental policy"

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Thomas, H. y V. Krishnarayan. "‘Race’, Disadvantage, and Policy Processes in British Planning". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 26, n.º 12 (diciembre de 1994): 1891–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a261891.

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In this paper some of the mechanisms by which black and ethnic minorities can be put at a particular disadvantage within the planning system in Britain (and how these processes can be challenged) are examined. A number of types of policy processes operating in British planning are identified, and, drawing on a range of secondary and primary data, the influence of black and ethnic minorities within these processes are analysed. The paper is concluded with a review of the possibilities for the continuing struggle to end disadvantage related to ‘race’ or ethnicity in the planning system.

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de Jong, Wiebe y Maykel Verkuyten. "Positive action policy for ethnic minorities in the Netherlands". New Community 18, n.º 4 (julio de 1992): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.1992.9976332.

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Williams, Rory. "Race and Health Policy/Health Action and Ethnic Minorities (Book)." Sociology of Health and Illness 11, n.º 2 (junio de 1989): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep10844464.

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Blais, Martin, Jesse Gervais y Martine Hébert. "Internalized homophobia as a partial mediator between homophobic bullying and self-esteem among youths of sexual minorities in Quebec (Canada)". Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 19, n.º 3 (marzo de 2014): 727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014193.16082013.

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Verbal/psychological homophobic bullying is widespread among youths of sexual minorities. Homophobic bullying has been associated with both high internalized homophobia and low self-esteem. The objectives were to document verbal/psychological homophobic bullying among youths of sexual minorities and model the relationships between homophobic bullying, internalized homophobia and self-esteem. A community sample of 300 youths of sexual minorities aged 14 to 22 years old was used. A structural equation model was tested using a nonlinear, robust estimator implemented in Mplus. The model postulated that homophobic bullying impacts self-esteem both directly and indirectly, via internalized homophobia. 60.7% of the sample reported at least one form of verbal/psychological homophobic bullying. The model explained 29% of the variance of self-esteem, 19.6% of the variance of internalized homophobia and 5.3% of the verbal/psychological homophobic bullying. The model suggests that the relationship between verbal/psychological homophobic bullying and self-esteem is partially mediated by internalized homophobia. The results underscore the importance of initiatives to prevent homophobic bullying in order to prevent its negative effects on the well-being of youths of sexual minorities.

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5

Lenz, Thomas L. "Minorities and Disease Prevention in Pharmacy Practice". American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 3, n.º 3 (26 de enero de 2009): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827608331162.

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Webb, Fern Jureidini. "Mental Health Professionals, Minorities, and the Poor". Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 31, n.º 3 (2004): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00075484-200407000-00010.

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Moxham, Lorna y Shane Pegg. "Delivering Health Services for Ethnic Minorities in Regional Australia". Australian Journal of Primary Health 4, n.º 1 (1998): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py98008.

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Recent articles in the print media have served to highlight the fact that health services in regional Australia are inadequately servicing the needs of ethnic minorities. Despite an increased awareness of the need for culturally appropriate services in more recent years, Australia, as one of the most ethno-culturally diverse nations in the world, still largely relies on the patriarchal biomedical model of health care, which has a pathogenic approach, focusing on why people fall sick and on treatment, rather than on communication between the client and the professional health care worker. Such practice, while well-intentioned, detracts from the ability of regional health services to adequately service the needs of a culturally diverse client group and, in turn, de-emphasises the clear link which has now been established between culture and health.

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8

Smith, Darron y Cardell Jacobson. "Differences in salaries of physician assistants in the USA by race, ethnicity and sex". Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 23, n.º 1 (enero de 2018): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819617738275.

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Objectives Data from the Academy of American Physician Assistants have suggested there are no differences in salaries by race and ethnic group. Our objective was to compare salaries of physician assistants for different racial and ethnic groups and sexes using another data source. Methods Data from the American Community Surveys (2010–2012) to examine pay differentials of physician assistants. Ordinary least squares regression analysis to compare the salaries of males and females, and those of racial and ethnic groups. Results The majority of physician assistants in recent decades have been women. Their salaries are substantially below those of their male counterparts. The number from racial and ethnic minorities remains low. American Community Surveys data show salaries to be lower than that reported by the American Academy of Physician Assistants. The salaries of Black and Hispanic physician assistants lag significantly behind the salaries of those who are White. Conclusions American Community Surveys data suggest that previously published Academy of American Physician Assistants survey data may have been biased with a low percentage of physician assistants from racial and ethnic minorities which suggests that the Academy of American Physician Assistants need to focus on recruiting greater numbers of minorities.

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9

McKenzie, Kwame. "Suicide studies in ethnic minorities: improving the science to help develop policy". Ethnicity & Health 17, n.º 1-2 (1 de febrero de 2012): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2012.678306.

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Saeys, Arne, Nicolas Van Puymbroeck, Ympkje Albeda, Stijn Oosterlynck y Gert Verschraegen. "From multicultural to diversity policies: Tracing the demise of group representation and recognition in a local urban context". European Urban and Regional Studies 26, n.º 3 (12 de junio de 2019): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776419854503.

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This article deals with the question of how and why urban governments have implemented diversity policies in the context of a broader backlash against multiculturalism. The starting point of our analysis is the conceptualization of multiculturalism as a set of institutional arrangements for ethnic minority group representation and recognition. While scholars have largely focused on normative critiques of multiculturalism, arguing that it is unable to respond to the super-diversity in contemporary cities, this article focuses on the empirical complexities of diversity policy-making in a local context. More specifically, we investigate the changes in the policy practices and discourses regarding the representation and recognition of ethnic minorities in Antwerp, the largest city of the Flemish Region in Belgium. The minority policies in Antwerp had taken a multicultural turn by the 1990s, most evident in two strategies for group representation and recognition: the establishment of a migrant council to address the interests of ethnic minorities and the recruitment of an ethnically diverse city staff. We analyse how these measures became contested in the context of a wider backlash against multiculturalism. When multicultural policies became diversity policies, the migrant council was disbanded and a dress code prohibited minorities from displaying religious or other symbols in front-office public functions. With these cases, we argue that diversity discourses can be politicized in the governance of cities, with far-reaching consequences, such as the demise of ethnic minority representation and recognition, eventually reinforcing a neo-assimilationist focus urging migrants and their descendants to adapt to the cultural majority.

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Gordon, Audrey. "Hospice and Minorities: A National Study of Organizational Access and Practice". Hospice Journal, The 11, n.º 1 (24 de mayo de 1996): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j011v11n01_04.

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Sepulveda, Leandro, Stephen Syrett y Sara Calvo. "Social Enterprise and Ethnic Minorities: Exploring the Consequences of the Evolving British Policy Agenda". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 31, n.º 4 (enero de 2013): 633–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c11319.

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13

Balsa, Ana I., Zhun Cao y Thomas G. McGuire. "Does managed health care reduce health care disparities between minorities and Whites?" Journal of Health Economics 26, n.º 1 (enero de 2007): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2006.06.001.

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14

Do, Doanh-Ngan-Mac, Linh-Khanh Hoang, Cuong-Minh Le y Trung Tran. "A Human Rights-Based Approach in Implementing Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) for Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam". Sustainability 12, n.º 10 (20 de mayo de 2020): 4179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104179.

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Seventeen sustainable development goals (SDG) by the United Nations in its 2030 Agenda have been nationalized and implemented in Vietnam. One of the country’s priorities is making educational provision accessible to all of its residents, especially for marginalized groups, while enforcing their human rights. In this context, this article examines the implementation of SDG4 (quality education) in combination with the practice of human rights for ethnic minorities in Vietnam. With access to jurisprudence, this research provides a detailed assessment of the compatibility between SDG targets and the legal rights to education of ethnic minorities. Additionally, this research employs an exploratory method to investigate the four major conditions for the implementation of quality education for ethnic minorities, namely legal–political, economic, socio-cultural factors, and participation pride. We also investigate three main barriers that hinder SDG4 implementation and human rights practices, namely child labor, language, and gender inequality. The contribution of this study is necessary for establishing more informed strategies and policies towards sustainable development in education for multi-ethnic countries.

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Mullo, Héctor, Ismael Sánchez-Borrego y Sara Pasadas-del-Amo. "Respondent-Driven Sampling for Surveying Ethnic Minorities in Ecuador". Sustainability 12, n.º 21 (1 de noviembre de 2020): 9102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219102.

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In this work, we consider the problem of surveying a population of young Indigenous, Montubios and Afro-Ecuadorians to study their living conditions and socioeconomic issues. We conducted a Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey in the canton of Riobamba, Ecuador. RDS is a network-based sampling method intended to survey hidden or hard-to-reach populations. We have obtained RDS estimates and confidence intervals of these characteristics. We have illustrated and discussed some of the assumptions of the method using some available diagnostic tools. Our results suggest that RDS is an effective methodology for studying social and economic issues of this ethnic minority in Ecuador. This technique is relatively easy to implement and has the potential to be applied to survey other hidden populations in other settings.

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16

Schlesinger, Mark. "Paying the Price: Medical Care, Minorities, and the Newly Competitive Health Care System". Milbank Quarterly 65 (1987): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3349992.

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17

Ferlatte, Olivier, Travis Salway, John L. Oliffe, Elizabeth M. Saewyc, Cindy Holmes, Lynette Schick, Aaron Purdie et al. "It is time to mobilize suicide prevention for sexual and gender minorities in Canada". Canadian Journal of Public Health 111, n.º 5 (23 de abril de 2020): 737–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-020-00316-3.

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Abstract Suicide is a significant health issue among sexual and gender minority adults (SGMA); yet, there are no tailored suicide prevention programs for these marginalized populations in Canada. We hosted two world cafés with community leaders, health professionals, policymakers, and researchers to identify recommendations for mobilizing SGMA-focused suicide prevention programs. We identified five priorities: (1) make society safer for sexual and gender minorities; (2) decrease barriers to mental health services; (3) support community-driven and community-based interventions; (4) increase suicide knowledge and reduce stigma; (5) expand the knowledge base on SGMA suicide. In the absence of a national Canadian SGMA suicide prevention policy, these priorities provide a starting point in addressing SGMA suicide inequities by advancing SGMA-tailored interventions.

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Hossain, Mohammad Khalid y Qingmin Meng. "A Multi-Decadal Spatial Analysis of Demographic Vulnerability to Urban Flood: A Case Study of Birmingham City, USA". Sustainability 12, n.º 21 (3 de noviembre de 2020): 9139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219139.

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Flooding, including hurricanes and tornadoes, accounts for approximately 40 percent of natural disasters worldwide and kills 100 people on average in the United States each year, which is more than any other single weather hazard. Since flooding is a common hazard in the U.S. and flood-related casualties have been increasing in recent years, it is important to understand the spatial patterns of different vulnerable population groups in the flooding regions. To achieve this objective, spatial scan statistics were used to identify the spatial clusters of different demographic groups (children and elderly, poor, White, African American, and Hispanic) in the 100-year floodplain areas of Birmingham. Using the decennial census data from 1990 to 2015, this research examined whether these vulnerable population groups had aggregated more in the flooding areas or moved away from the flooding areas in the past thirty years. The findings of this research indicate that most of the minorities are increasingly aggregating in the floodplain areas of Village Creek in Birmingham. The findings also suggest that the non-minorities are moving away from the flooding regions in Birmingham, AL. As part of the minorities and non-minorities group, approximately 50 percent of African Americans and 4 percent of White populations aggregated in the Village Creek flooding areas in 2015. Although the percentage of White populations is very low, the findings suggest that they are still exposed to floods. The multi-decadal analysis of flood risk will help the local governments to understand which population groups could be more affected by floods historically and need more attention in future flood hazards. This understanding will help them prepare for future flood hazards by allocating resources efficiently among the different racial and ethnic groups.

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HERO, RODNEY E. y CAROLINE J. TOLBERT. "Minority Voices and Citizen Attitudes about Government Responsiveness in the American States: Do Social and Institutional Context Matter?" British Journal of Political Science 34, n.º 1 (10 de diciembre de 2003): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123403000371.

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Previous research has shown that institutional factors, particularly ‘direct democracy’, along with racial context, shape policy outcomes in the fifty American states. But less is understood about the impact of such factors on attitudes towards government of racial and ethnic minorities. The passage of ballot initiatives targeting minority interests might be expected to have a negative effect on these groups. This study considers the impact of institutional and social context on attitudes about government responsiveness (external efficacy), drawing on pooled NES survey data from 1988–98 merged with state level data. Consistent with previous research, which was based on a single year, there is strong evidence that citizens in states with frequent exposure to direct democracy are more likely to perceive that government is responsive to their needs. At the same time, direct democracy did not have the hypothesized detrimental impact on racial and ethnic group attitudes towards government in general. State racial context also did not have a measurable impact on individual-level attitudes. Regardless of state environmental contexts, however, racial and ethnic minorities (with the exception of Latinos) reported less confidence in government than whites. The findings have broader implications, particularly given the growing racial and ethnic diversity and the ongoing politics of democratic inclusion in America.

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Goodland, Robert J. A., Anastacio Juras y Rajendra Pachauri. "Can Hydro-reservoirs in Tropical Moist Forests be Environmentally Sustainable?" Environmental Conservation 20, n.º 2 (1993): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900037619.

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Today's polarization of society ‘for’ or ‘against’ big hydro-projects relates to environmental costs, which are borne particularly by vulnerable ethnic minorities and the poor; such costs include species extinctions and tropical deforestation. This counter-productive polarization can be reconciled by transparency and mutuality of planning, by pluralism involving the local populace and especially all affected people, and by engendering national consensus on the best project that is available and practicable.

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Queri, Shekinah Dorelle. "Reg(u)arding Indigenous Environmental Discourses in Philippine (F)laws". International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 11, n.º 1 (enero de 2020): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2020010103.

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The main proposition of this research is to establish the inherent overlap of environment and culture in the Agta-Dumagat consciousness, and how this influences environmental policy-making. To answer this, this research sought to locate the cultural angle in overarching laws on environmental protection and establish the influence of these laws on how the Agta-Dumagats frame their material-symbolic discourses. RA 7942 and PD 705, focused on mining and forestry management, contain conflicting views both on state and indigenous ownership and utilization of natural resources—two of the major causes of environmental degradation identified by the Agta-Dumagats. Interviews with SAGIBIN-LN council of leaders and surveys on human-nature relations showed that their narratives are characterized by a sense of desperation as they shared stories replete with oppressive themes. If they are regarded as minorities in situ, the Local Government Units would be hard-pressed to consider their legitimizing indigenous voice on climate change.

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Chiarenza, Antonio, Lidia Horvat, Katja Lanting, Anna Ciannameo y Jeanine Suurmond. "Addressing healthcare for migrants and ethnic minorities in Europe: A review of training programmes". Health Education Journal 78, n.º 1 (18 de agosto de 2018): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896918793164.

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Background: The global phenomenon of migration has dramatically changed the social context in which healthcare professionals operate. European states are facing a growing need to effectively train healthcare professionals to understand and respond appropriately to the diverse needs of migrants and ethnic minorities. While many European Union (EU) countries have adopted specific initiatives, there is considerable variation in these activities and few examples of evaluation of the quality of these training courses. Aims: This article describes findings from a review conducted as a part of the ‘Training packages for health professionals to improve access and quality of health services for migrants and ethnic minorities, including the Roma (MEM-TP)’ project, which sought to identify and assess training programmes for health professionals delivered in Europe between 2004 and 2013. Methods: The review and analysis of training materials comprised three components: (1) a review of the published and unpublished literature, (2) a survey addressing national contact persons, and representatives of international organisations and non-governmental organisations and (3) an assessment of the quality of the training programmes identified. Results: The review showed that training programmes tend to be characterised by low levels of participant involvement in training development, delivery and evaluation. Training programmes often lacked an explicit pedagogical approach, did not systematically focus on outcomes in training design, implementation and evaluation, and were poorly linked to key organisational and policy support. Finally, while cultural competence continues to be the broad conceptual approach used in training programmes, alternate approaches such as intersectionality, equity and person-centred care are emergent. Conclusion: Training programmes in Europe can be further improved in order to ensure an effective response to the diverse needs of patients, carers, health professionals and the community.

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Venugopal, P. Dilip, Aura Lee Morse, Cindy Tworek y Hoshing Wan Chang. "Socioeconomic Disparities in Vape Shop Density and Proximity to Public Schools in the Conterminous United States, 2018". Health Promotion Practice 21, n.º 1_suppl (enero de 2020): 9S—17S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839919887738.

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We conducted an environmental justice assessment examining the distribution of specialty vape shops in relation to where minority and low-income youth live and attend school. We collated and examined the density of vape shops in public school districts in 2018 throughout the conterminous United States using geographic information systems. We calculated the proximity of vape shops to public middle and high schools through nearest neighbor analysis in QGIS software. We examined the statistical relationships between the density of vape shops in school districts, and proximity to schools, with the proportion of racial/ethnic minorities and those living in poverty. We found that vape shops are more densely distributed, and are in closer proximity to schools, in school districts with higher proportions of Asian and Black or African American populations. However, vape shops were further away from schools in school districts with higher proportions of the population in poverty. The proximity and higher density of vape shops in relationship to schools in Asian and Black or African American communities may result in disproportionate health impacts due to greater access and exposure to vape products and advertisements. Our results may help school district administrators prioritize and target efforts to curb youth vaping (e.g., health education curricula) in these school districts with high density and closer proximity of vape shops to schools. Policy efforts, such as local ordinances restricting the promotion and sale of vaping products close to schools, could help prevent disproportionate human and environmental health impacts to minorities.

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Gilbert, Jennifer R., Eric Stice y Kyle S. Burger. "Elevated Thalamic Response to High-Sugar Milkshake in Ethnic and Racial Minorities". Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 5, n.º 3 (4 de agosto de 2017): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-017-0403-8.

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Doshi, Riddhi, Robert H. Aseltine, Alyse B. Sabina y Garth N. Graham. "Interventions to Improve Management of Chronic Conditions Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities". Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 4, n.º 6 (24 de octubre de 2017): 1033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-017-0431-4.

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Huang, Dina, Yuru Huang, Nikki Adams, Thu T. Nguyen y Quynh C. Nguyen. "Twitter-Characterized Sentiment Towards Racial/Ethnic Minorities and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Outcomes". Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 7, n.º 5 (4 de febrero de 2020): 888–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00712-y.

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Gaskin, Dykibra J. y Jasminka Z. Ilich. "Lactose Maldigestion Revisited: Diagnosis, Prevalence in Ethnic Minorities, and Dietary Recommendations to Overcome It". American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 3, n.º 3 (24 de febrero de 2009): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827609331555.

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Chaturvedi, Nish. "Reviews : The Health of Britain's Ethnic Minorities. James Nazroo. London: Policy Studies Institute, 1997. £14.95. ISBN 085-374-7091". Health Education Journal 57, n.º 1 (marzo de 1998): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001789699805700110.

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Knerr, Sarah, Dawn Wayman y Vence L. Bonham. "Inclusion of Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Genetic Research: Advance the Spirit by Changing the Rules?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 39, n.º 3 (2011): 502–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2011.00617.x.

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As genetic and genomic research has progressed since the sequencing of the human genome, scientists have continued to struggle to understand the role of genetic and socio-cultural factors in racial and ethnic health disparities. Recognition that race and ethnicity correlate imperfectly with differences in allele frequency, environmental exposures, and significant health outcomes has made framing the relationship between genetic variation, race, ethnicity, and disease one of the most heated debates of the genome era. Because racial and ethnic identities reflect a complicated mix of social and genetic factors, critics have argued that use of racial and ethnic categories as analytical variables in biomedical research lacks rigor, leads to potentially dangerous stereotyping in medical practice, and sends harmful messages of innate racial difference to the broader public.Concerns over the current lack of diversity in human genetic and genomic studies have developed in parallel to discussions of the appropriate use of racial and ethnic categories during the research process.

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Islam, K. K. y Noriko Sato. "Protected Sal Forest and Livelihoods of Ethnic Minorities: Experience From Bangladesh". Journal of Sustainable Forestry 32, n.º 4 (abril de 2013): 412–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2013.762571.

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Saunders, Catherine L., Sarah Flynn, Efthalia Massou, Georgios Lyratzopoulos, Gary Abel y Jenni Burt. "Sociodemographic inequalities in patients’ experiences of primary care: an analysis of the General Practice Patient Survey in England between 2011 and 2017". Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 26, n.º 3 (31 de enero de 2021): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819620986814.

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Objective Younger people, minority ethnic groups, sexual minorities and people of lower socioeconomic status report poorer experiences of primary care. In light of NHS ambitions to reduce unwarranted variations in care, we aimed to investigate whether inequalities in patient experience of primary care changed between 2011 and 2017, using data from the General Practice Patient Survey in England. Methods We considered inequalities in relation to age, sex, deprivation, ethnicity, sexual orientation and geographical region across five dimensions of patient experience: overall experience, doctor communication, nurse communication, access and continuity of care. We used linear regression to explore whether the magnitude of inequalities changed between 2011 and 2017, using mixed models to assess changes within practices and models without accounting for practice to assess national trends. Results We included 5,241,408 responses over 11 survey waves from 2011–2017. There was evidence that inequalities changed over time (p < 0.05 for 27/30 models), but the direction and magnitude of changes varied. Changes in gaps in experience ranged from a 1.6 percentage point increase for experience of access among sexual minorities, to a 5.6 percentage point decrease for continuity, where experience worsened for older ages. Inequalities in access in relation to socio-economic status remained reasonably stable for individuals attending the same GP practice; nationally inequalities in access increased 2.1 percentage points (p < 0.0001) between respondents living in more/less deprived areas, suggesting access is declining fastest in practices in more deprived areas. Conclusions There have been few substantial changes in inequalities in patient experience of primary care between 2011 and 2017.

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Corvacho, Mafalda y Gustavo França. "The hidden damage of COVID-19: The impact of the pandemic on migrants and ethnic minorities". Public Health in Practice 2 (noviembre de 2021): 100184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100184.

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Pearson-Merkowitz, Shanna y Corey Lang. "Smart Growth at the Ballot Box: Understanding Voting on Affordable Housing and Land Management Referendums". Urban Affairs Review 56, n.º 6 (17 de julio de 2019): 1848–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087419861430.

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This study investigates voter decision-making on two smart-growth components: land preservation and affordable housing. We seek to understand how voters make concurrent decisions about unpaired smart-growth components at the ballot box. Previous studies of smart growth, affordable housing, and environmental preservation have focused primarily on describing the attitudes and traits of voters on these policies, utilize aggregate voting outcomes, or are case studies of single towns in which there is a fairly homogenous group of residents either supporting or opposing the policy. We draw on a unique data set to investigate the different covariates of attitudes for environmental preservation and affordable housing: an exit poll of voters in the 2016 Rhode Island General Election on bond referendums for environmental preservation and affordable housing. We find that the coalition for smart growth that includes both land preservation and affordable housing is undermined by views of minorities and the poor as undeserving.

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Brown, Graham, William Leonard, Anthony Lyons, Jennifer Power, Dirk Sander, William McColl, Ronald Johnson, Cary James, Matthew Hodson y Marina Carman. "Stigma, gay men and biomedical prevention: the challenges and opportunities of a rapidly changing HIV prevention landscape". Sexual Health 14, n.º 1 (2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16052.

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Improvements in biomedical technologies, combined with changing social attitudes to sexual minorities, provide new opportunities for HIV prevention among gay and other men who have sex with men (GMSM). The potential of these new biomedical technologies (biotechnologies) to reduce HIV transmission and the impact of HIV among GMSM will depend, in part, on the degree to which they challenge prejudicial attitudes, practices and stigma directed against gay men and people living with HIV (PLHIV). At the structural level, stigma regarding gay men and HIV can influence the scale-up of new biotechnologies and negatively affect GMSM’s access to and use of these technologies. At the personal level, stigma can affect individual gay men’s sense of value and confidence as they negotiate serodiscordant relationships or access services. This paper argues that maximising the benefits of new biomedical technologies depends on reducing stigma directed at sexual minorities and people living with HIV and promoting positive social changes towards and within GMSM communities. HIV research, policy and programs will need to invest in: (1) responding to structural and institutional stigma; (2) health promotion and health services that recognise and work to address the impact of stigma on GMSM’s incorporation of new HIV prevention biotechnologies; (3) enhanced mobilisation and participation of GMSM and PLHIV in new approaches to HIV prevention; and (4) expanded approaches to research and evaluation in stigma reduction and its relationship with HIV prevention. The HIV response must become bolder in resourcing, designing and evaluating programs that interact with and influence stigma at multiple levels, including structural-level stigma.

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Willcox-Pidgeon, Stacey M., Richard Charles Franklin, Peter A. Leggat y Sue Devine. "Identifying a gap in drowning prevention: high-risk populations". Injury Prevention 26, n.º 3 (6 de enero de 2020): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043432.

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IntroductionSome populations have been less susceptible to reductions in drowning than others. It has been hypothesised that this is due to prevention strategies failing to account for the influence of social determinants (such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status). Populations such as ethnic minorities have been over-represented in injury statistics, however this is not well explored in drowning. This study aims to identify high-risk populations for drowning, risk factors and prevention strategies.MethodsA literature review undertaken systematically using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach was conducted of peer-reviewed literature in English, published between 1990 and 2018 from high-income countries. Search terms included drowning, water safety, ethnic minority, migrant, and culturally diverse.ResultsIn total, 35 articles were included. High-risk populations identified were: ethnic minorities, First Nations/Aboriginal people, migrants and rural residents. Over half (51%) focused on children (0–18 years). Risk factors included social determinants, swimming ability and knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. Four intervention studies were found; two focused on upskilling adults from high-risk populations to increase employment opportunities within the aquatic industry; an evaluation of a 10-year rock fishing safety education project and a learn-to-swim programme for minority children. Proposed prevention strategies included education, practical skills, research, policy and engagement.DiscussionLimited literature exists pertaining to drowning among adults from high-risk populations. There is a need to increase the sophistication of drowning prevention strategies addressing the disparities in drowning from a culturally appropriate perspective. Acknowledging the role of the social determinants of health in drowning prevention is essential in order to improve drowning outcomes for high-risk populations globally.

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He, Wang, Ji, Wei, Wang y Liu. "Theoretical Model of Environmental Justice and Environmental Inequality in China’s Four Major Economic Zones". Sustainability 11, n.º 21 (24 de octubre de 2019): 5923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215923.

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With the change in China’s social structure and the emergence of the middle class, severe environmental pollution is stimulating the demand for social environmental justice in China. Facing the absence of environmental justice theory and related empirical research in China, this article introduces a general equilibrium theory model of environmental justice. It proves that under Pareto efficiency, environmental justice is difficult to achieve in a competitive market, and environmental inequality is the normal state. An econometric model is established based on demographic and socioeconomic factors, comparison with the US principle of environmental justice, and characteristic perspectives in the Chinese context. The study takes 444 counties in China’s four major economic zones, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, and Chengdu–Chongqing, as the units for empirical analysis of the regional distribution of environmental inequality. The results indicate that rural residents bear higher environmental risks than urban residents. There are different environmentally vulnerable groups and environmental disparities among the four economic zones; notably, minorities in the Pearl River Delta, poor residents in Chengdu–Chongqing, and rural residents in the Yangtze River Delta bear the environmental inequality caused by industrial gas pollution. However, migrants, including rural migrants, do not disproportionately suffer environmental risks caused by industrial pollution at the county level. This paper provides theoretical support and a systematic analytical framework for the study of China’s environmental justice issues. We describe China’s environmental inequality status and provide a reference for the design of environmental justice interventions.

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Abdul Aziz, Muhammad, Zahid Ullah y Andrea Pieroni. "Wild Food Plant Gathering among Kalasha, Yidgha, Nuristani and Khowar Speakers in Chitral, NW Pakistan". Sustainability 12, n.º 21 (4 de noviembre de 2020): 9176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219176.

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The documentation of local food resources among linguistic/cultural minorities is essential for fostering measures aimed at sustaining food biocultural heritage. Moreover, interdisciplinary studies on food cultural heritage represent a vital aspect of promoting environmental and social sustainability. The current study aimed to record the traditional foraging of wild food plants (WFPs) among three minority groups (Kalasha, Muslim Ismaili Yidgha, and Muslim Sunni Kamkata-vari speakers) as well as the dominant (Sunni Muslim) Kho/Chitrali people in the Kalasha and Lotkoh valleys, Chitral, NW Pakistan. A field survey recorded fifty-five locally gathered wild food plants and three mycological taxa. Most of the WFPs were used raw as snacks or as cooked vegetables, and Yidgha speakers reported the highest number of WFPs. Although the wild food plant uses of the four considered groups were quite similar, Yidgha speakers exclusively reported the use of Heracleum candicans, Matricaria chamomilla, Seriphidium brevifolium, and Sisymbrium irio. Similarly, Kalasha speakers reported the highest number of use reports, and along with Yidgha speakers they quoted a few WFPs that were frequently used only by them. The results of the study showed a remarkable degree of cultural adaptation of the minority groups to the dominant Kho/Chitrali culture, but also some signs of cultural resilience among those linguistic and religious minorities that were historically more marginalized (Kalasha and Yidgha speakers). The recorded food biocultural heritage should be seriously considered in future development programs aimed at fostering social cohesion and sustainability.

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White, Augustus A. "Some Advice for Minorities and Women on the Receiving End of Health-care Disparities". Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 1, n.º 1 (12 de febrero de 2014): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-014-0011-9.

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Fogel, Gyongyi K. y Lorinda F. Lewis. "Target Marketing and Ethics Brand Advertising and Marketing Campaigns". International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 1, n.º 4 (octubre de 2010): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsesd.2010100102.

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Marketing to a targeted minority can provide a competitive advantage for an organization. However, there are ethical and legal concerns that must be carefully evaluated. Youth, children, and protected minorities, including women and the elderly, are a high target of advertising because of the increasing importance of these segments in making purchasing decisions. Recent population and demographic factors continue to impact marketing to address minority marketing issues with careful attention to ethics and social responsibility. This paper examines ethical concerns of advertising, the use of animated spokes-characters, marketplace discrimination, misleading practices, ethical concerns in minority marketing, and related advertising regulations. The authors conclude with recommendations for future research and implications for advertising and marketing practice. Policy implications are made for socially responsible advertising and marketing.

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Wang, Jiun-Hao y Szu-Yung Wang. "Indigenous Social Policy and Social Inclusion in Taiwan". Sustainability 11, n.º 12 (24 de junio de 2019): 3458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123458.

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Social exclusion problems are inevitable in achieving social sustainability. Minorities or indigenous people encounter social exclusion from mainstream society in many countries. However, relatively little is known about the multiple disadvantages in different social welfare domains experienced by these indigenes. The objective of this study is to address indigenous social exclusion by focusing on their access to social welfare benefits. Data used in this study were drawn from the Social Change and Policy of Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples Survey, which included 2040 respondents. Logistic regression results revealed that, compared with their counterparts, the likelihood of being excluded from social welfare payments is higher for those who are plains indigenes, live outside of designated indigenous areas and participate less in local organizations. Besides varying the effects of ordinary explanatory variables on social exclusion across different exclusion models, this study further provides empirical evidence of the multidimensional disadvantages of indigenous peoples in receiving needed social welfare benefits.

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Li, W. W. y J. Hoang. "A Systematic Review of Technology-Based Interventions in Improving Hypertension Management in Racial Ethnic Minorities in the US". International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare 14 (diciembre de 2016): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.xeb.0000511640.66679.f9.

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Pouikli, Kleoniki. "From a Beacon of Hope to a Question Mark: Right to Clean Water and Sanitation across Europe in the Wake of the ECtHR Judgment Hudorovic and Others v. Slovenia". Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 17, n.º 3 (10 de julio de 2020): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01703007.

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The aim of this paper is to unpack the latest developments on the right to clean water and sanitation through the lens of environmental injustice against Roma ethnic populations. Namely, the Hudorovic and Others v. Slovenia judgment by the ECtHR puts the spotlight on the dynamics of discrimination against Roma communities relating to the access to fundamental environmental goods and services such as adequate sanitation and potable water. More specifically, the main research focus revolves around the question of whether the human-rights protection regime provides for an effective toolbox for the realization of the water- and sanitation-related rights of minorities groups in a country where the right to water is constitutionally recognized. This case fueled a timely debate regarding the right to safe water and proper sanitation across EU, given that the new Drinking Water Directive raises the bar with respect to the obligations on Member States to take measures to ensure that all citizens -and in particular vulnerable and marginalised groups- are connected to the distribution network.

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Politkovskaya, Irina, Daniil Khvichiya y Larisa Artamonova. "Economic Support of the Policy of Transition to Sustainable Development of the Territories of the Russian North". E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 04047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017404047.

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The role of the northern territories of the Russian Federation is explained by the presence of proven mineral reserves – up to two thirds of national minerals, including over nine tenths of natural gas, three quarters of oil, the whole diamonds deposits, eight tenths of gold. The exploitation of the northern territories of Russia acquires a special role due to the fact that the export of mineral resources brings more than two thirds of all its foreign trade income. The transition to sustainable development for the Russian North means resolving old and new problems associated with environmental degradation and the infringement of the interests of local minorities. The problem of transition to sustainable development is especially acute in oil and gas producing regions, where economic, social and environmental issues are closely related. Sustainable development of resource regions of the Russian North is possible only with the active support of the state, subject to the creation and consistent implementation of a regional policy for sustainable development, which. This article formulates the main directions of the state policy for the transition to sustainable development of the northern territories, contributing to the achievement of the strategic goals of balanced and socially responsible subsoil use.

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Ismail, Amrizarois y Hotmauly Sidabalok. "Kajian Environmental Justice dalam Konflik Rohingya". PRAXIS 1, n.º 1 (7 de septiembre de 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24167/praxis.v1i1.1623.

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Conflict in Rakhine Myanmar involving local majority ethnic minorities has seized the world's attention. Mainstream media generally preach this conflict as a racial conflict dilator dilakangi by history, politics and trust. However, when further examined under the Environmental Governance study, the conflict is also not separated from the natural resource management dispute which is suspected to start from the state policy to open the door of foreign investment. Included in Libraryan Reaserch, this study uses research methods that refer to library research, which is data collection based on written sources of scientific journals, mainstream media, books and other scientific sources. In addition, this research uses descriptive data analysis method. In writing this scientific paper the authors use the Environmental Governance approach focused on the study of Environmental Justice to analyze data that is not numerical. In explaining the factors causing the Rakhine and Rohingya ethnic conflicts in Myanmar in 2012, the authors use John Rawls about Justice, that justice is needed when ther is cracuty “Scarcity of material”. The results show that Rohingya and Rakhine ethnic conflicts can not be separated from the problem of environmental injustice. the factors causing the conflict are seen from the structural factors of the state policy on the investment of natural resources by foreign and ethnic geography, by conducting space politics "Place and Space politics", the government issued a policy of citizenship in the Citizenship Act which ultimately makes the state seem to have no legitimacy in granting civil rights to the Rohingyas. in the form of political discrimination, political elites controlled by the military junta with the omission and provocation by utilizing racial and religious sentiment with the aim of modernizing Rakhine Province with the existence of the Shwe gas exploration project. In addition, a massive exodus of the Rohingyas from Rakhine emerged, until the last armed movement called Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) emerged as a response of ethnic spirits as a crisis response.

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Clark, W. A. V., F. M. Dieleman y L. de Klerk. "School Segregation: Managed Integration or Free Choice?" Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 10, n.º 1 (marzo de 1992): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c100091.

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As the proportion of immigrant minorities has increased in Dutch cities there has been a corresponding increase in the levels of minority versus Dutch pupil segregation in the schools. At the same time the levels of segregation in residential neighborhoods has remained stable. A specific analysis of school attendance patterns in Amsterdam shows that the reason for the increasing segregation in schools is that there is a strong tendency to choose schools of the same ethnicity. The choices both by Dutch and by immigrant parents are serving to increase levels of separation but until there is evidence of educational inequality as a result we argue policy intervention should proceed with caution. The current government approach is to provide supplementary funding to ‘minority schools’ rather than to assign children to schools.

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Boneham, M. A., K. E. Williams, J. R. M. Copeland, P. Mckibbin, K. Wilson, A. Scott y P. A. Saunders. "Elderly people from ethnic minorities in Liverpool: mental illness, unmet need and barriers to service use". Health & Social Care in the Community 5, n.º 3 (8 de junio de 2007): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.1997.tb00112.x.

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Nosek, Margaret A., Carol A. Howland, Mary Ellen Young, Doris Georgiou, Diana H. Rintala, Catherine C. Foley, Jama L. Bennett y Quentin Smith. "Wellness Models and Sexuality Among Women with Physical Disabilities". Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 25, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 1994): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.25.1.50.

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This article considers sexuality among women with physical disabilities from a wellness perspective by presenting the results of the first phase of a 3-year, NIH-funded study. This phase was a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 31 women with a variety of physical disabilities, representing diverse racial and ethnic minorities and socioeconomic levels. Analytic induction and constant comparison were used for data analysis. Preliminary results show that, from a wellness perspective, the areas of sexuality identified in the data analysis can be grouped into 5 domains: 1) having a positive sexual self-concept, 2) having sexuality information, 3) having positive, productive relationships, 4) managing barriers (social, environmental, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse), and 5) maintaining optimal health and physical sexual functioning. These findings are compared to the various components Of wellness models, including physical, psychological, spiritual, developmental, and sociocultural, with a discussion of implications for scientific research and policy-making.

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Asojo, Oluwatoyin A., Ashish Damania, Teri L. Turner, Gayle Slaughter y Kendal D. Hirschi. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Summer Research Training Provides Effective Tools for Underrepresented Minorities to Obtain Doctoral Level Degrees". Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 4, n.º 6 (11 de enero de 2017): 1224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-016-0330-0.

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Haley, Sean J., Lauren E. Southwick, Nina S. Parikh, Jazmin Rivera, Dorothy Farrar-Edwards y Bernadette Boden-Albala. "Barriers and Strategies for Recruitment of Racial and Ethnic Minorities: Perspectives from Neurological Clinical Research Coordinators". Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 4, n.º 6 (7 de febrero de 2017): 1225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-016-0332-y.

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Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, David Warren Spence, Md Dilshad Manzar, Deepa Burman y Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal. "Do Disparities in Sleep Duration Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities Contribute to Differences in Disease Prevalence?" Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 6, n.º 6 (1 de julio de 2019): 1053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-019-00607-7.

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