Tesis sobre el tema "Modelo DSGE"
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Mosca, Felipe Cezar. "Análise do subsídio habitacional em um modelo DSGE". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18819.
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The housing and credit sector in Brazil distinguishes from advanced economies in many ways. A specific one is the social transfer created by the government to offer housing subsidies to lower income families. However, the current general equilibrium stochastic models created for the local economy still have to advance in order to evaluate what impacts this kind of policies can cause in a financial friction environment with different fiscal rules. We propose and estimate a model for Brazil, based on Gerali et al. (2010), with a subsidized housing sector that receives resources from two fiscal policy rules: distortionary taxation (over consumption, labor and capital income) and lump-sum taxation . The results shows that: (i) over distortionary rules, a positive policy rate shock produces a lower government budget and affects negatively restricted families’ housing demand, decreasing collateral value. (ii) a positive technology shock increases patient families’ housing demand. Over distortionary taxation, the increase of consumption and income tax smooth this effect. (iii) a nonanticipated subsidy shock produces less welfare for the families and increases inflation, output and consumption. However, the high policy and bank rates produces a recession cycle and reduces the housing demand.
O setor de habitação e crédito no Brasil se distingue dos países desenvolvidos em diversos aspectos. Um deles é a existência de transferências sociais criadas pelo governo para oferecer subsídios no setor de habitação às classes mais baixas. No entanto, os modelos estocásticos de equilíbrio geral (DSGE) existentes na economia local precisam avançar na avaliação do impacto que essas políticas podem causar em um ambiente de fricção financeira com diferentes formas de tributação. Nós propomos e estimamos um modelo baseado em Gerali et al. (2010) para o Brasil com transferências para habitação subsidiada que são financiadas por duas regras fiscais distintas: tributo distorcivo (consumo, renda do trabalho e capital) e tributo lump-sum. Os resultados apontam que: (i) no modelo distorcivo, a combinação de aumento das taxas de juros e de empréstimos e a diminuição na receita do governo faz com que as famílias restritas demandem menos housing, depreciando o colateral. (ii) a aceleração da economia causada por um aumento de produtividade eleva a demanda por housing das famílias pacientes. Esse efeito é suavizado no modelo com tributação distorciva devido ao aumento da receita tributária que financia as famílias restritas. (iii) um aumento não antecipado de transferência para subsidio habitacional gera perda de bem-estar das famílias, inflação e aumento do produto e consumo. No entanto, o aumento das taxas de juros e bancárias produz um ciclo recessivo e reduz a demanda por housing.
Beviláqua, Giovanni Silva. "Um modelo DSGE para análise de desigualdade de renda". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/25227.
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Esta tese de doutorado apresentada à Universidade de Brasília consiste na construção de um modelo Dinâmico de Equilíbrio Geral e Estocástico (DSGE) para analisar os efeitos da desigualdade de renda na economia brasileira. O modelo corresponde em uma aplicação para o Brasil do modelo desenvolvido por Kumhof and Ranciere (2010) e modificado por Troch (2014). O modelo irá caracterizar dois agentes heterogêneos que diferem entre si por suas preferências intertemporais e pela propriedade de capital na economia. Desta forma, empregamos a já consagrada modelagem DSGE par a análise de um dos problemas socioeconômicos mais relevantes de nosso tempo e pretendemos estudar como a desigualdade subjacente se manifesta em desigualdade de renda e consumo na economia e quais são os possíveis impactos sobre outras variáveis macroeconômicas e como a desigualdade de renda pode ser significativamente afetada pelas condições macroeconômicas. Adicionalmente, estaremos interessados no papel da política fiscal, empreendida pelo governo, em conter os possíveis efeitos negativos da desigualdade.
This doctoral thesis presented to the University of Brasília consists of the construction of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model to analyze the effects of income inequality in the Brazilian economy. The model corresponds in an application to Brazil of the model developed by Kumhof and Ranciere (2010) and modified by Troch (2014). The model will characterize two heterogeneous agents that differ by their intertemporal preferences and the ownership of capital in the economy. In this way, we use the already established DSGE modeling to analyze one of the most relevant socioeconomic problems of our time and intend to study how the underlying inequality is manifested in income inequality and consumption in the economy and what are the possible impacts on other macroeconomic variables and As income inequality can be significantly affected by macroeconomic conditions. In addition, we will be interested in the role of fiscal policy, undertaken by the government, in containing the possible negative effects of inequality.
Aranha, Marcel Zimmermann. "Um modelo DSGE com fricções financeiras aplicado ao Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-30012013-175250/.
Texto completoThis study tries to evaluates the importance of financial frictions for the Brazilian economy through the estimation of a Dynamic and Stochastic General Equilibrium model which incorporates a banking and credit sectors. We study the influence of different structural shocks on several variables of the Brazilian economy, as well as the role of the banking sector in the business cycles. In this regard, we conclude that the reduction of financial frictions for loans to the entrepreneurs would have a positive impact on investment, consumption and output of the Brazilian economy. And if, in one hand, financial frictions allow the maintenance of higher banking spreads, increasing banks\' profits, on the other hand, it helps in the contention of inflation when the Brazilian economy respond to different shocks.
Niquito, Thais Waideman. "Uma estimativa do modelo DSGE para o Brasil com rigidez real e nominal". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30851.
Texto completoAccording to the emphasis by Dib (2003), recently there has been a growing interest in the development of economic models that outline the role of rigidities in nominal price, based on the optimizing behavior of rational agents in a dynamic, stochastic, general-equilibrium (DSGE) environment. Although, there are advantages shown by these models, it was observed that the money supply shocks create only weak persistence of real and nominal variables, which conflicts with the majority of evidences, pointing that the effects of this shocks lasting for many quarters. Therefore, in this present work it was carried out, through Bayesian methods, the estimation of Dib’s (2003) model for the Brazilian economy, which combines the nominal rigidities in the form of costly price adjustment and real rigidities in the form of cost of adjusting capital and/or employment. The objective was to verify if the insertion of the real rigidities increases the nominal rigidities and, consequently, the persistence of monetary policy shocks. The results of this estimation showed that the insertion of real rigidities contributed to the increase of nominal rigidities, especially when the former is inserted in the form of employment adjusting costs. In addition, exercises of simulation demonstrated that when the real rigidities are present in the model, the money supply, the money demands and the technology shocks have impacts more persistent over some macroeconomic variables.
Gonçalves, Caio César Soares. "Avaliando a dinâmica macroeconômica do Brasil através de um modelo DSGE Markov-Switching estimado". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/103902.
Texto completoThe goal of this dissertation is to evaluate the behaviour of the main parameters of the Brazilian economy through the estimation of a DSGE (Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium) model of open economy using Bayesian methods and allowing Markov switching of certain parameters. Using the DSGE model developed by Justiniano and Preston (2010) and the method of solution of the Markov Switching DSGE (MS-DSGE) model proposed by Farmer et al. (2008), this work found superiority in the settings of the data of the models that incorporated Markov switching, rejecting the hypothesis of constant parameters in DSGE models for the Brazilian economy.
Morais, Débora Itagiba de. "Estimando a taxa de juros real neutra brasileira via modelo DSGE". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10147.
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This study aims to estimate a natural real rate of interest quarterly series for Brazil through a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model, from 2000´s first quarter to 2011´s fourth. The model represents a closed economy with households maximizing CRRA, profit maximizing firms in imperfect competition and a government with a balanced budget fiscal policy and a Taylor type monetary policy rule, in a context of price rigidity. In this framework, the neutral real interest rate was calculated based on productivity and government spending shocks, which were considered the most appropriate ones for the Brazilian economy. Moreover, we analyze the responses of the natural rate to productivity and government spending shocks, its behavior thru the estimated period and its sensibility to alternative calibrations. Finally, by comparing the behavior of the interest rate gap and inflation, we found negative correlations of 56% and 83% for the full period estimated and for a latter-day sample (from 2006´s first quarter to 2011´s last), respectively, indicating some reliability in the obtained series.
Este trabalho objetiva estimar uma série trimestral para a taxa de juros real neutra brasileira via modelo de Equilíbrio Geral Dinâmico Estocástico (DSGE), para o período compreendido entre o primeiro trimestre de 2000 e o último de 2011. O modelo representa uma economia fechada, com famílias maximizando utilidade do tipo CRRA, firmas maximizando lucro em um mercado de concorrência imperfeita e um governo com política fiscal de orçamento equilibrado e regra de política monetária à la Taylor, em um contexto de rigidez de preços. Neste arcabouço, a taxa de juros real neutra foi calculada com base nos choques de produtividade e de gastos de governo, que foram considerados os mais relevantes para a economia brasileira. Adicionalmente, analisou-se o impacto dos choques de produtividade e gastos do governo sobre a taxa neutra, assim como seu comportamento ao longo do período estimado e sua sensibilidade a calibragens alternativas. Por fim, ao comparar o comportamento do hiato de taxa de juros vis-à-vis à inflação, encontramos correlações negativas de 56% e 83% para todo o período estimado e para uma amostra mais recente (do primeiro trimestre de 2006 até o último de 2011), respectivamente, indicando certa consistência na série obtida.
Santin, Rodrigo Ribeiro Martins. "Análise da política de crédito do BNDES em um modelo DSGE". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10577.
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This paper presents a DSGE model that contemplates three instances of monetary policy, conventional and unconventional, used by the Brazilian government to combat the effects of the global crisis started by the collapse of the american subprime. Monetary policy via interest rule a la Taylor, control of reserve requirements and credit policy of the government, in the figure of BNDES, are analyzed. The conclusion is that using various policies ultimately builds economic variables more stable and monetary policy does lose power.
Este trabalho apresenta um modelo DSGE que comtempla três instâncias de politica monetária, convencional e não convencional, utilizadas pelo governo brasileiro para combater os efeitos da crise mundial iniciada pelo colapso dos créditos subprime americanos. Politica monetária via regra de juros a la Taylor, política de controle dos depósitos compulsórios e política de crédito governamental, na figura do BNDES, são analisados. A conclusão que fica é que a utilização de diversas politicas acaba por deixar as variáveis econômicas mais estáveis e faz a política monetária perder potência.
Silva, Márcio Francisco da. "Modelo DSGE com fricção financeira : o caso de uma pequena economia aberta". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/2015.03.T.19150.
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Neste trabalho foram analisadas duas extensões do modelo proposto por (2010). Na primeira versão são introduzidos um setor produtor de imóveis e uma modalidade de empréstimos às famílias impacientes com base no salário esperado. Estas mudanças têm como objetivo mimetizar duas características importantes da economia brasileira: a importância do setor de construção civil e do empréstimo consignado para o ciclo de negócios brasileiro. Na segunda versão do modelo foram incluidas as transações da economia doméstica com o exterior nos setores de bens (importando insumos e exportando bens finais) e financeiro (captação de poupança externa por meio dos bancos). Isto possibilita analisar a importância dos choques externos -a- os choques originados do setor financeiro para a economia brasileira.
This study analyzes two extensions of the model proposed by (2010). In the first one, a housing producing sector was introduced. In addition to that a different form of loans to impatient households is considered that is based on the expected wage of households. When the family takes new loans, her ability of borrowing depends on their expected wage. These changes are intended to mimic two important characteristics of the Brazilian economy: the role of housing sector in the business cycle and the supply of payroll loans. In the second extension of the model, the environment was changed to a small open economy where the transactions of goods (importing raw materials and exporting finished goods) and financial sector (foreign savings funding through banks) to the rest of the world is taken into account. This makes it possible to analyze the importance of external shocks -- the shocks arising from the financial sector to the Brazilian economy.
Silva, Felipi Bruno da. "Uma análise de políticas fiscais: modelo DSGE novo-keynesiano com armadilha da liquidez". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10989.
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Neste artigo, é analisado, por meio de um modelo DSGE novo-keynesiano, o efeito da redução do imposto sobre o consumo, tal como os impactos das elevações da tarifa incidente sobre a renda do trabalho e dos gastos do governo, sobre o produto e o déficit público em uma economia com armadilha da liquidez. Ao permitir que a duração da armadilha da liquidez seja determinada endogenamente é possível concluir que os efeitos marginais dependem da magnitude do choque dado e de quais instrumentos de política fiscal estão sendo usados. Desta forma, para avaliar o impacto desses instrumentos torna-se necessário observar os seus efeitos médios. Com base nessa medida e na economia em questão, uma política fiscal pode apresentar os maiores efeitos marginais para cada duração da armadilha da liquidez, mas não necessariamente será aquela que causará os maiores impactos sobre o produto e o déficit público.
Taveira, Marília Angelo. "Análise do papel da política macroprudencial e sua inserção em um modelo DSGE". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10458.
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Este estudo tem dois objetivos principais. O primeiro, discutir o propósito da popularização das políticas macroprudenciais no pós-crise – que surgiram como uma das soluções para a complexa relação entre estabilidade de preços e estabilidade financeira – suas vantagens em relação à abordagem anteriormente predominante – as políticas microprudenciais – e formas de interação com a tradicional política monetária. O segundo grande objetivo reproduzir um modelo da geração novo-keynesiana que contempla um sistema bancário e características que permitem replicar a condução de uma política macroprudencial (colaterais, depósitos compulsórios, requerimentos mínimos de capital) a fim de analisar a resposta de variáveis macroeconômicas a mudanças nestes parâmetros.
This study has two main goals. The first one is to discuss the popularization of macroprudential policies in the after crisis, as a solution for the complex linkage between financial stability and price stability, its benefits compared to the previous approach – the microprudential regulation – and the interaction between macroprudential and conventional monetary policies. The second main goal is to simulate a DSGE model with a banking system and subject to reserve requirements and collateral requirements that allow one to assess the effects of macroprudential tools utilization over macroeconomic variables.
Souza, Netto Felipe Anderson de. "Ciclos econômicos em países emergentes : um modelo DSGE para a economia brasileira". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/22695.
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O presente estudo aplica o modelo desenvolvido por Garcia-Cicco, Pancrazi e Uribe (2010) para a economia brasileira. É realizada a comparação entre os momentos estatísticos gerados pelo modelo e aqueles obtidos nos dados. O modelo aplicado à economia brasileira se mostrou capaz de refletir adequadamente a volatilidade das taxas de crescimento do produto, do consumo e do investimento, além da volatilidade e do comportamento estacionário do processo autorregressivo da razão balança comercial/produto. Por outro lado, o modelo não foi capaz de replicar adequadamente a correlação entre a taxa de crescimento do consumo com as demais variáveis.
The present work applies the model developed by Garcia-Cicco, Pancrazi and Uribe (2010) to the brazilian economy. Statistical moments generated by the model are compared with those of the data. The model successfully reflects the output, consumption and investment growth rates' volatilities, in addition to the volatility and the stationary behavior of the autoregressive process of the trade balance to output ratio. On the other hand, the model was not able to successfully replicate the correlation of consumption growth rate with the other variables.
Ferreira, Leonardo Nogueira. "Medidas macroprudenciais em um modelo DSGE: ancorando o requerimento contracíclico de capital". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-22012014-152834/.
Texto completoThe recent crisis highlighted the deficiency of the regulatory framework in place then. Thenceforth many papers have been assessing the introduction of macroprudential policy in a DSGE model. However, they do not focus on the choice of the variable to which the countercyclical capital buffer must respond - the anchor variable. In order to fulfil this gap, we input different macroprudential rules into the DSGE proposed by Gerali et al. (2010), and then we sort the results using a measure of welfare. Credit growth is the variable that performs best.
Fantinatti, Amanda Miranda. "Estímulos fiscais em um modelo DSGE: bens duráveis versus bens não duráveis". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13509.
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A eclosão da crise financeira internacional de 2008 colocou o uso da política fiscal novamente no radar dos formuladores de políticas públicas como forma de impulsionar a atividade econômica. No presente trabalho, analisamos a desoneração do IPI sobre automóveis com o objetivo de fornecer contribuições em duas direções: i) estimar e calibrar um modelo DSGE de pequena escala para o Brasil que incorpore esse aspecto e ii) analisar o impacto específico dessa política nas principais variáveis macroeconômicas à luz do modelo. Os resultados sugerem que o impacto desse estímulo fiscal foi inicialmente positivo em estimular a atividade, mas com efeitos decrescentes.
The outbreak of the 2008 financial crisis put the fiscal policy again in the spotlight as a way to boost economic activity. In this paper, we analyze the IPI tax exemption on vehicles aiming to contribute in two directions: i) estimate and calibrate a small scale DSGE model for Brazil that incorporates this aspect; and ii) evaluate the impact of this specific policy on the main macroeconomic variables through the lens of the model. Our results suggest that the impact of this fiscal stimulus was initially positive in boosting economic activity, however with diminishing effects.
Silva, Filipe Soares da. "O impacto de choques fiscais na economia brasileira : uma abordagem DSGE". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26112.
Texto completoThe purpose of this dissertation is to estimate the share of ricardian and nonricardian consumers in the brazilian economy and analyze the impact of government spending shocks on private consumption using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. The parameters of the model are estimated using bayesian methods. We conclude that the share of non-ricardian consumers in Brazil is low, around 10% and that its presence a ect the other parameters in the model. In response to the government spending shocks, we verify that the model fails to contain the reduction on private consumption due to the high persistence of the shocks. We also verify a monetary policy tightening to contain the rise in in ation caused by the shock.
Pando, Caciano Luciana María y Zevallos Luis Eduardo Falen. "Un modelo DSGE-VAR para la evaluación de reglas fiscales en el Perú". Master's thesis, Universidad del Pacífico, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11354/1892.
Texto completoGalindo, Gil Hamilton y Urbina William Calderón. "Política fiscal y tipo de cambio real de equilibrio en un modelo DSGE". Master's thesis, Universidad del Pacífico, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11354/1849.
Texto completoTodorov, Ivan dos Anjos. "Estímulos fiscais em um modelo estrutural para o Brasil". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/14074.
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The current international economic crisis showed that fighting output hiatus using only monetary tools might not be enough. In this context, questions about the efficiency of counter cyclical temporary fiscal stimulus where asked, and additionally which of those fiscal stimulus would bring more benefits to those economies. This work developed a structural DSGE model with characteristics and calibrations for the brazilian economy. The main goal was to perform an exercise with expansionary fiscal shocks, and to analyze their fiscal multipliers. The results suggest that the impact of government current spending would create larger fiscal multipliers, both in the short and in the long run, however it had decreasing accumulative effects. On the other hand, the consumption tax rate shock created small fiscal multipliers in the short run, however it had increasing effect on the long run, achieving long run multipliers similar to government current spending ones.
A atual crise econômica internacional mostrou que o combate a hiatos do produto utilizando apenas a política monetária pode não ser suficiente. Neste contexto, questões sobre a eficácia de estímulos fiscais temporários como política anticíclica foram levantadas, e adicionalmente quais estímulos fiscais seriam mais benéficos às economias. Este trabalho desenvolveu um modelo estrutural DSGE com características e calibrações para a economia brasileira. O objetivo era realizar um exercício com choques fiscais expansionistas, de modo a analisar seus multiplicadores fiscais. Os resultados sugerem que o impacto de gastos correntes do governo obteve melhor multiplicador fiscal, tanto no curto quanto no longo prazo, porém teve efeitos acumulativos decrescentes. Por outro lado, o choque de diminuição da alíquota dos impostos sobre consumo obteve baixos multiplicadores fiscais a curto prazo, porém com efeitos crescentes a longo prazo, alcançando multiplicadores de longo prazo similares aos dos gastos do governo.
Furlani, Luiz Gustavo Cassilatti. "A condução da política monetária no Brasil : uma análise a partir de modelo DSGE e do método de data cloning". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/103949.
Texto completoThe use of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models for the detailed study of the relationship between real and nominal economic variables has grown substantially in recent years. Computational advances have contributed significantly to this movement, allowing DSGE modelling to become increasingly precise, surpassing less restrictive macroeconomic modelling techniques. However, the estimation of these models, usually performed with Bayesian methods, presents problems, such as high dependence on the prior distribution. The main innovation of this thesis is to propose a solution to these problems, presenting and using the data cloning method to estimate a simplified version of Gali and Monacelli (2005)’s DSGE model, in order to assess the conduct of monetary policy by the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB). The main findings of this thesis indicate that the BCB follows an anti-inflationary policy, responds to GDP and exchange rate changes, and chooses a smooth interest rate path over time. Evidence suggests that the change in BCB’s strategy from 2010 onwards, with the introduction of a series of macroprudential measures, is not a conclusive indication of a parameter break in its reaction function.
Vega, Filho Julio Alberto Campa. "Intermediação financeira e ciclos reais : uma abordagem DSGE para a economia brasileira". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/116731.
Texto completoFrank, Junior Oscar André. "Impacto da política fiscal sobre a taxa de câmbio : análise para o caso brasileiro através de um modelo DSGE com economia aberta". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/61931.
Texto completoThe present work aims to evaluate the fiscal policy impact on the open economy variables, including the exchange rate. In order to do this, it is used an DSGE model with external sector for Brazil, having Grith (2007) as a basis. This approach has significant advantages compared to the existing literature, such as: (i) the presence of a fiscal authority; nominal rigidity of prices and wages; (iii) a Taylor Rule, consistent with a Inflation Targeting system; and (iv) the possibility to evaluate the impact of shocks generated in the foreign country - in this case, the United States - under the local economy. The results of the estimated model suggest that among consumption, wage, capital taxations and government expenditures, the fiscal policy that has the biggest effect on the external sector variables is the last one. Furthermore, the monetary policy causes the greatest effect on the exchange rate.
Sant’ana, Victor de Fraga. "Metas de inflação e política monetária no Brasil : evidências a partir de um modelo DSGE não linear". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/116644.
Texto completoThis study aims to estimate a DSGE model for Brazil after the adoption of the Brazilian inflation targeting system. We estimate using a particle filter, which is a non-linear method of estimation. We use the model developed in Cristiano et al. (2005), changing its monetary policy rule for the one used by Amisano and Tristani (2010). With this modification, we assume that the inflation target follows a random walk, what makes the model loses its steady-state. The estimated target deviates from the official target during the 2008/09 world recession. According to our estimation, there was also a deviation from the official inflation target in 2011, when the Brazilian central bank’s chairman changed from Henrique Meirelles to Alexandre Tombini. Our results point out that the commitment with the inflation convergence to the center of the inflation target does not occur during our analysis’ entire period.
Bianca, Ana Lúcia de Souza Leão. "Macroeconomia da composição do comércio exterior". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15980.
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The global financial crisis occurred in 2008, it is widely discussed within the idiosyncrasies caused by external shocks, including the liquidity shocks and terms of trade. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of the composition of Brazilian foreign trade and its effects on the domestic macro economy through a DSGE model for Brazil. For this, it sought to calibrate this model and analyze the impact of liquidity shocks and terms of trade in the main macroeconomic variables. The model results suggest that financial crises can generate substantial effects on emerging economies such as in Brazil, and the dynamics of these effects will it also depend on the composition of the trade balance of the country.
A crise financeira mundial, ocorrida em 2008, é amplamente discutida no âmbito das idiossincrasias causadas por choques externos, dentre eles os choques de liquidez e dos termos de troca. No presente trabalho, analisamos as particularidades da composição do comércio exterior brasileiro e seus efeitos sobre a macroeconomia doméstica, através de um modelo DSGE para o Brasil. Para tanto, buscou-se calibrar este modelo e analisar os impactos dos choques de liquidez e dos termos de troca nas principais variáveis macroeconômicas. Os resultados do modelo sugerem que crises financeiras podem gerar efeitos substanciais em economias emergentes, como no caso brasileiro, e a dinâmica desses efeitos dependerá também da composição da balança comercial do país.
Ornellas, Raphael da Silva. "Interação entre as autoridades fiscal e monetária no Brasil". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/35594.
Texto completoThe purpose of this dissertartion is to analyse the interaction between fiscal and monetary authorities in Brazil, in a way that we can be able to measure the level of fiscal dominance occurring in brazilian economy. To attain this purpose, we make use of a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with sticky prices and non-zero trend inflation, whose parameters are estimated by bayesian inference. We conclude that the level of the fiscal dominance in Brazil is low, in scale compared to american e canadian economies. This result has consequence in policy conduction that aims to decrease inflation, suggesting that may be necessary straiten the inflation target to reduce the inflation and affect the agent’s expectation about the future inflation.
Paranhos, Lívia Silva. "Computing optimal and realised monetary policy rules for Brazil : a markov-switching dsge approach". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178167.
Texto completoThe evolution of the Brazilian economy during the first years of this century is examined through the lens of a micro-founded small open economy model that allows for changes in the behaviour of the Central Bank of Brazil, in the nominal price rigidity and in the volatility of structural shocks. Although the results are not conclusive about the presence of regime changes during the analysed sample, we find evidences in favour of shifts in the monetary policy stance, moving from a Dove to a Hawk regime in 2003, as well as evidences of more volatile external shocks during uncertainty periods. We further move away from the empirical estimation and derive optimal monetary policy rules for Brazil. It is possible to find an optimal rule that is successful in stabilizing inflation, output and exchange rates, whilst keeping interest rates stable. Finally, the model offers interesting insights about the standard deviation dynamics of macroeconomic variables: a more stable currency implies a more volatile interest rate and vice versa, and a higher control over interest rates and/or exchange rates seem to produce output and inflation instability.
Marodin, Fabrizio Almeida. "Mudança de regime markoviana em modelos DSGE : uma estimação do pass-through de câmbio para inflação brasileira durante o período 2000 a 2015". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147432.
Texto completoThis research investigates the non-linearity of exchange rate pass-through on the Brazilian economy during the floating exchange rate period (2000-2015) in a Markov-switching dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework (MS-DSGE). We apply methods proposed by Baele et al. (2015) in a basic New Keynesian model, with the addition of new elements to the aggregate supply curve and a new equation for the exchange rate dynamics. We find evidence of two distinct regimes for the exchange rate pass-through and for the volatility of shocks to inflation. During the regime named “Normal”, the long run pass-through is estimated as 0.0092 percent points to inflation, given a 1% exchange rate shock, in contrast to 0.1302 percent points during the “Crisis” regime. The MS-DSGE model appears superior to the fixed parameters model according to various comparison criteria.
Santos, Allan Silveira dos. "Regras de política fiscal em um Modelo DSGE uma análise a partir da regra de gastos fixos e de superávit primário". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/31044.
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O presente trabalho avalia como a utilização de regras fiscais alternativas, com diferentes instrumentos de ajuste de gastos, pode alterar a dinâmica das variáveis do modelo após determinados choques atingirem a economia, bem como será verificada a hipótese de que, sob diferentes regras e especificações, tais variáveis podem apresentar diferentes graus de volatilidade, o que interfere nos ciclos econômicos. Para tanto, foi utilizado um modelo DSGE que possui a estrutura básica presente em Coenen, McAdam e Straub (2008), mas que adaptamos com a inclusão de capital governamental, choque de risco nos títulos públicos domésticos e calibração para a economia brasileira. Este modelo foi simulado sob três regras fiscais, uma de superávit primário, uma que implica em gastos primários (consumo, investimento e transferências do governo) mantidos sob um determinado percentual do PIB e uma que estabelece um nível de gastos primários fixos, independente da variação do produto. Para cada uma das regras, fizemos dois exercícios, sendo o primeiro com os investimentos governamentais como variável de ajuste e o segundo com as transferências governamentais exercendo esse papel. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que: i) Regras fiscais podem alterar a volatilidade das variáveis do modelo; ii) Regra de gastos fixos promove uma maior estabilização do produto e do consumo; iii) Regra de superávit primário implica em menor volatilidade da inflação; iv) O tipo de mecanismo utilizado para ajuste interfere no sinal do multiplicador dos gastos do governo sobre o consumo privado, em especial, quando o ajuste se dá via redução de transferências governamentais o multiplicador passa a ser negativo; v) Choques fiscais que implicaram em redução de transferências amplificam a desigualdade na distribuição de renda entre as famílias ricardianas e não ricardianas.
This thesis aims to assess how the use of alternative fiscal rules with different expenditure adjustment instruments can change the dynamics of the variables of the model after some shocks reach the economy, as well as the hypothesis that, under different rules and specifications, such variables may present different degrees of volatility, which interferes in economic cycles. To achieve these objectives, a DSGE model, which has the basic framework present in Coenen, McAdam and Straub (2008), was used, but adapted with the inclusion of governmental capital, risk shock in domestic public securities and calibration for the Brazilian economy. This model was simulated under three fiscal rules, one of primary surplus, one that implies primary expenses (consumption, investment and governmental transfers) kept under a certain percentage of GDP and one that establishes a fixed level of primary expenditure, regardless of the product variation. For each of the rules, we have performed two exercises, being the first one with government investments as adjustment variable and the second one with government transfers playing this role. The results indicated that: i) Fiscal rules can change the volatility of the model variables; ii) Fixed-spending rule promotes greater stabilization of product and consumption; iii) Primary surplus rule implies lower volatility of inflation; iv) The type of mechanism used for adjustment interferes in the signal of the multiplier of government expenditures on private consumption, especially when the adjustment occurs through reduction of government transfers, the multiplier becomes negative; v) Fiscal shocks that implied reduction of transfers amplify the inequality of income distribution among the Ricardian and non-Ricardian families.
Schumanski, Ederson Luiz. "Rigidez assimétrica de preços e salários no Brasil : uma abordagem DSGE com o uso do filtro de partículas". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147463.
Texto completoThe objective of this article is to verify if there is asymmetry in the rigidity of prices and wages for the Brazilian economy; i.e. if the economic agents are more rigid downward or upward when adjusting their prices and wages. In addition, it performs the analysis of the effects of monetary and fiscal policy in the dynamics of the economy. For this, it uses a nonlinear model of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) with asymmetric adjustment costs in prices and wages based on the work of Aruoba, Bocola and Schorfheide (2013). This model can generate prices and wages rigidity downward (or upward) that can produce strong nonlinearities. Considering the non-linearity generated by these aspects, the model is solved through a non-linear solution method and its parameters are estimated with the help of Particle Filter. The obtained result is that both prices and nominal wages are more rigid downwards and these asymmetries in rigidity influence the dynamics of the economy when it suffers shocks from monetary and fiscal policies.
Lobato, Carlos Eduardo. "Política fiscal e monetária ótimas em um modelo de médio porte para o Brasil pós plano real". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49932.
Texto completoA fundamental question in macroeconomics is how a benevolent government should conduct monetary and fiscal policies in the long-term and in the business cycles? This thesis aims to elucidate this question characterizing the optimal monetary and fiscal policies to Brazilin the period after the Real Plan. To do so, will be done using a medium-scale model as proposed by Schmitt-Grohé and Uribe (2005). Medium-scale, is nothing more than the inclusion of four sources of nominal rigidities: sticky prices, sticky wages, demand for money by individuals and a constraint cash-in-advance on the payroll of the firms. And five sources of real rigidities: investment adjustment costs, variable capacity utilization, habit formation, imperfect competition in product markets and factors and distorting taxation. It was found that price stability is essentially the optimal policy.
Průchová, Anna. "Makroekonomická analýza pomocí DSGE modelů". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124606.
Texto completoAlmeida, Iana Ferrão de. "Regras de preços e efeitos de política monetária e fiscal". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11819.
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Esta tese é composta por três ensaios, dois deles analisam regras de preços e o outro faz uma análise de política fiscal. Cada ensaio forma um capítulo da tese. No primeiro capítulo, acrescentamos heterogeneidade a um modelo de regras de preços endógenas dependentes do tempo para analisar os efeitos reais de uma política de desinflação em um ambiente de credibilidade imperfeita. Inicialmente avaliamos os custos da desinflação em uma economia onde a credibilidade é exógena. Depois, relaxamos essa hipótese permitindo que os agentes atualizem suas crenças sobre o tipo de policymaker com que se deparam. Como resultado, em ambos os casos, a heterogeneidade amplia os efeitos reais de uma política de desinflação. Em seguida, mostramos que o modelo calibrado replica bem, e melhor do que o modelo com homogeneidade entre os agentes, a dinâmica do produto e da inflação durante a política de desinflação de Volcker. O segundo capítulo introduz uma especificação geral para hazard function com que se deparam os price setters. Diferentes especificações da hazard function podem levar a resultados muito distintos da dinâmica agregada da economia, mesmo quando as durações de preços são as mesmas entre diferentes especificações de hazard functions. Este resultado vale tanto para economias homogêneas quanto heterogêneas. O terceiro capítulo analisa os efeitos dos choques de gastos do governo sobre a dinâmica do consumo privado em um modelo DSGE (Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium) Novo-keynesiano com uma pequena economia aberta. Incorporamos ao modelo consumidores não-ricardianos e mostramos que a presença desse tipo de consumidor além de não evitar a queda do consumo privado, a intensifica depois de um curto espaço de tempo. Analisamos também a sensibilidade da dinâmica do consumo a diferentes graus de abertura da economia, a parâmetros de preferências e de políticas.
Nunes, André Francisco Nunes de. "Políticas monetária e fiscal ativas e passivas : uma análise para o Brasil pós-metas de inflação". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18811.
Texto completoThis paper seeks identify whether the way of fiscal and monetary macroeconomic policies in Brazil, to that period after inflation targets, were active way or/and passive way. For that, it’s estimated, for Bayesian methods, a model DSGE with price rigidities and monopolistic competition, in which the primary surplus and the nominal interest rates are the tools economic policy available. The lack of coordination of policies in Brazil, usually, has been identified as the reason for the macroeconomic imbalances. So, many authors pointed out the active fiscal policy, as a factor limiting the efficient performance of monetary policy. However, the analysis that relation within the framework of DSGE models is still limited, especially in applications for the Brazilian economy. The estimates of the model pointed out for a system where policies were active during the 2000/1Q to 2002/4Q both of them, and the later period, 2003/1Q – 2008/4Q, the fiscal policy behaved themselves on passive way and the monetary policy was active way.
Andrade, Juliane Aparecida Lopes de. "Modelo dinâmico de Nelson Siegel e política econômica". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24790.
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Esse trabalho apresenta análise combinada entre a macroeconomia e a estrutura a termo das taxas de juros, através de duas modelagens distintas. Primeiramente, utiliza-se o modelo Novo Keynesiano de pequeno porte, que é combinado com o modelo dinâmico de Nelson-Siegel. Em seguida estima-se o modelo dinâmico de Nelson-Siegel integrado com variáveis macroeconômicas. São empregados dados mensais referentes aos contratos futuros de DI, de Setembro de 2002 a Dezembro de 2017. A comparação das modelagens mostra que o modelo combinado apresenta resultados mais consistentes do que o modelo integrado.
This paper aims to present a combined analysis between macroeconomics and the term structure of interest rates, through two different models. Firstly, a small New Keynesian model is used, which is combined with the dynamic Nelson-Siegel model. Then the NelsonSiegel dynamic model integrated with macroeconomic variables is estimated. Monthly data on DI futures contracts are used from September 2002 to December 2017. Comparison of modeling shows that the combined model presents more consistent results than the integrated model.
Fernandes, João Souza. "A interação entre regimes de dominância fiscal e monetária no Brasil entre 2011 e 2016". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172601.
Texto completoThis paper analyzes if between 2011 and 2016 the Brazilian economy operated under a regime of fiscal dominance or monetary dominance. Considering that each of these regimes implies diametrically opposed actions for the economic policy, the identification of which regime is in force is of fundamental importance for the fiscal and monetary authorities. In order to carry out this evaluation, four distinct models were tested, each one with a particular structure that aims to identify under which regime the economy is operating. In general, the results pointed out that during the period of interest the regime of monetary dominance prevailed. However, there are signs that at certain times the economy has found itself close to a regime of fiscal dominance, something that implies changes in the importance of fiscal and monetary policies for the equilibrium of the economy.
Furlani, Luiz Gustavo Cassilatti. "Flutuações cambiais e política monetária no Brasil : evidências econométricas e de simulação". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14996.
Texto completoThe literature on monetary economy has aroused growing interest in macroeconomics. Due to computational advancements, models have been increasingly more complex and accurate, allowing for the in-depth analysis of the relationships between real economic variables and nominal variables. Therefore, using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, based on Gali and Monacelli (2005), we propose and estimate a model for the Brazilian economy by employing Bayesian methods so as to assess whether the Central Bank of Brazil takes exchange rate fluctuations into account in the conduct of monetary policy. The most striking result of the present study is that the Central Bank of Brazil does not directly change the interest rate path due to exchange rate movements. A simulation exercise is also used. Our conclusion is that the economy quickly accommodates shocks induced separately on the exchange rate, on the terms of trade, on the interest rate, and on global inflation.
Bouda, Milan. "Bayesian Estimation of DSGE Models". Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-200007.
Texto completoGendron, Debbie. "Model stability under a policy shift : are DSGE models really structural?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24214/24214.pdf.
Texto completoAngelini, Giovanni <1986>. "Estimation of Quasi-Rational DSGE Models". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6743/.
Texto completoKatreniaková, Dagmara. "Malý DSGE model pro otevřenou ekonomiku". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4240.
Texto completoFerroni, Filippo. "Essay on Bayesian Estimation of DSGE Models". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7397.
Texto completoThis thesis examines three different policy experiments using Bayesian estimates of DSGE models. First, we show that countercyclical fiscal policies are important to smooth fluctuations and that this is true regardless of how we specify the fiscal rule and several details of the model. Second, we show that the sources of output volatility obtained from a cyclical DSGE model crucially depend on whether estimation is done sequentially or jointly. In fact, while with a two step procedure, where the trend is first removed, nominal shocks drive output volatility, investment shocks dominate when structural and trend parameters are estimated jointly. Finally, we examine the role of money for business cycle fluctuations with a single and a multiple filtering approach, where information provided by different filters is jointly used to estimate DSGE parameters. In the former case, money has a marginal role for output and inflation fluctuations, while in the latter case is important to transmit cyclical fluctuations.
Huang, Shih-Yun. "Real investment and dividend policy in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model : corporate finance at an aggregate level through DSGE models". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5440.
Texto completoLins, Paulo de Carvalho. "Maturidade da dívida pública e modelos DSGE". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-06102016-154812/.
Texto completoThis paper analyzes the impact of the public debt maturity in the behavior of the economy and in the monetary policy implementation. It has developed three DSGE models. The first is a model for standardizing the notation and to present common results to the other two models. In the second model, the debt maturity is introduced using a recursive structure. Analyzing impulse response functions, it is concluded that the public debt maturity has no impact on the model dynamics. To test the hypothesis that the Letras Financeiras do Tesouro weakens the monetary policy (PASTORE, 1996), the model structure was generalized to allow the existence of a bond with payment similar to a pos-fixed bonds. The only difference was that the long-term interest rates began to respond to changes in the basic interest rate. In the latter model, the agents face a probability of dying a la Blanchard (1985) and long-term debt is modeled as perpetuity with exponential decay coupons. The public debt maturity impacts exclusively on taxation, the debt stock and the price of long-term debt, but the magnitude of the difference is minimal.
Kim, Jae-yoon. "Essays on DSGE Models and Bayesian Estimation". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83515.
Texto completoPh. D.
Abbas, Ahmed. "DSGE models for the South African economy". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12738.
Texto completoDynamic stochastic modelling is relatively a new exercise in developing countries including South Africa. We use stochastic models to reproduce stylized facts of business cycles in South Africa. The basic neoclassical model and a model with indivisible labour are used to replicate the documented facts from the data. A model with variable capacity utilization and investment specific shocks is also used to reproduce facts about the manufacturing sector in South Africa. The models fair reasonably well in replicating volatilities of certain variables, but investment remains over-volatile in all the models. However, the South African labour market remains the hardest to replicate amidst well documented inflexibility.
Mickelsson, Glenn. "DSGE Model Estimation and Labor Market Dynamics". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-301722.
Texto completoQuitzau, Nina. "Swiss monetary policy analyzing the liquidity effect through VAR models and a DSGE model". Berlin dissertation.de, 2005. http://www.dissertation.de/buch.php3?buch=5031.
Texto completoQuitzau, Nina. "Swiss monetary policy : analyzing the liquidity effect through VAR models and a DSGE model /". Berlin : dissertation.de, 2007. http://www.dissertation.de/buch.php3?buch=5031.
Texto completoBarros, Julio Cesar de Mello. "Estímulos fiscais e a interação entre as políticas monetária e fiscal no Brasil". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6084.
Texto completoThis paper estimates, using quarterly data from 1999 to 2011, the dynamic impacts of a fiscal stimulus in Brazil on key Brazilian macroeconomic variables. The estimates take into account the effects of the existence and of the probabilities of occurrence of the switching monetary policy regimes (two regimes were detected) on agents expectations formation. The monetary policy rules parameters, in the two detected regimes, were estimated through a Markov regime-switching model composed only by the monetary policy rule equation. The fiscal rules parameters of the unique detected fiscal policy regime were estimated through a Vector Error Correction (VEC) model composed only by the variables pertained to the fiscal policy rule. The monetary and fiscal policy rules parameters were auxiliary in the calibration of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model with regime-switching, nominal price rigidity and monopolistic competition (as in Davig and Leeper (2011)). After the DSGEs calibration the fiscal stimuluss impacts were obtained through a numerical routine (developed by Davig and Leeper (2006)) that solves a set of nonlinear expectational first-order difference equations and gives the dynamic equilibrium of the model. Our results suggest that fiscal policy was passive during the whole period and that monetary policy was always active, but they were more active at certain times and in others, less active. Overall, in both combinations of regimes, a government spending shock induces an increase in the output gap, increases in real interest rates, a reduction in private consumption and (contrary to the conventional wisdom) a reduction in inflation.
Marchionatti, Carlos. "Fiscal policy macroeconometrics : an application for Brazil". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7869.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Pol?tica fiscal est? em debate nos dias atuais. Seus impactos no crescimento do PIB, infla??o, juros e taxa real de c?mbio trouxeram informa??es pelos artigos de Alesina (2010) e Cavalcanti e Vereda (2010 e 2015). Este trabalho vista extender os choques de pol?tica fiscal via gastos do governo usados no DSGE de Cavalcanti e Vereda (2015) em tr?s diferentes n?veis: federal, estadual e municipal. SVAR para a economia brasileira apresentaram novos par?metros para as tr?s esferas do DSGE proposto. Os resultados mostraram que, apesar de haver um aumento tempor?rio no PIB, uma pol?tica fiscal expansionista via aumento dos gastos p?blicos acarreta maior infla??o, maiores juros, taxa de c?mbio real apreciada e inicia uma recess?o.
Fiscal Policy is on debate nowadays. Its impacts on GDP growth, inflation, interest and real exchange rate brought insights by the works of Alesina (2010) and Cavalcanti and Vereda (2010 and 2015). This work aims to extend the fiscal policy shocks via government spending used in Cavalcanti and Vereda?s (2015) DSGE model into different levels: federal, state and city levels. SVARs for the Brazilian economy presented new parameters for all the three levels of the DSGE model proposed. The results presented showed that although there is a temporary increase on GDP level, an expansionary fiscal policy via government spending leads to higher inflation, higher interest rates, appreciated real exchange rate and starts a recession.
Neri, Stefano. "Structural VARs and DSGE models: applications to macroeconomics". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7334.
Texto completoEl primer capítulo analiza, por medio de modelos VAR, los efectos de la políticas monetaria y fiscal sobre el producto interior bruto (PIB) y
el nivel de los precios en la economía norteamericana a partir de los años sesenta. Ambas políticas producen efectos pequeños. El capítulo demuestra que si en un modelo VAR para el análisis solo de la política monetaria se incluyen variables fiscales, sus efectos se educen de la mitad.
El segundo capítulo analiza los efectos de aumentos de los tipos de interés a corto plazo sobre los índices de bolsas en los países que forman el G-7 y en España. Los efectos, en general negativos y transitorios, son diferentes en termino de reducción de los índices entre los países analizados. Variaciones exógenas de los tipos de interés no parecen ser responsables de los principales movimientos en los índices de bolsa.
El tercer capítulo presenta un modelo de equilibrio económico general en el cual las familias consumidoras pueden invertir en acciones y en depósitos bancarios. El modelo, calibrado sobre los datos de la economía norteamericana es capaz de reproducir, desde un punto de vista cualitativo, los efectos de la política monetaria sobre el índice de la bolsa.
El ultimo capítulo confronta tres modelos de equilibrio económico general alternativos del ciclo económico. En el primero las fricciones financieras determinan endógenamente costes para variar el nivel de capital. En los otros dos estos costes son exógenos. Los modelos son estimados mediante el método de la máxima verosimilitud utilizando datos sobre la economía norteamericana de 1966 hasta el 2001. El resultado principal es que el primer modelo no parece explicar mejor que los modelos alternativos las dinámicas de las principales variables del modelo.
Chapter 1 investigates if and how the standard results of the VAR literature on the macroeconomic effects of monetary policy, which typically overlooks fiscal policy, are affected when monetary and fiscal policy are jointly considered. To this end, structural VAR models are set up using U.S. post-war data. It is found that the magnitude of the responses of output and price to a monetary policy shock are halved once fiscal policy is considered. Both monetary and fiscal policy shocks have small effects on output and the prices.
Chapter 2 evaluates the effects of monetary policy shocks on stock market indices in the G-7 countries and Spain using structural VARs. A contractionary shock has a negative and transitory effect on stock market indices.
In Chapter 3 a limited participation model with households trading in stocks is set up and validated by means of impulse responses using U.S. data.
The model is able to account for the empirical response of stock prices to monetary policy shocks.
Chapter 4 compares three alternative models of the business cycle that rely on sticky prices and real rigidities in the form of adjustment costs for investment. In the first model these costs arise endogenously as the result of asymmetric information and agency costs. In the second model the costs for adjusting the level of investment are exogenously imposed while in the last model these costs are imposed on the changes in investment. The models are estimated with maximum likelihood using U.S. post-war data. The model with exogenous adjustment costs on the level of investment seems to provide the best representation of the U.S. business cycle and the responses to technology and monetary policy shocks.
Motula, Paulo Fernando Nericke. "Estimation of DSGE Models: A Monte Carlo Analysis". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10961.
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We investigate the small sample properties and robustness of the parameter estimates of DSGE models. Our test ground is the Smets and Wouters (2007)'s model and the estimation procedures we evaluate are the Simulated Method of Moments (SMM) and Maximum Likelihood (ML). We look at the empirical distributions of the parameter estimates and their implications for impulse-response and variance decomposition in the cases of correct specification and two types of misspecification. Our results indicate an overall poor performance of SMM and some patterns of bias in impulse-response and variance decomposition for ML under the types of misspecification studied.
Neste trabalho investigamos as propriedades em pequena amostra e a robustez das estimativas dos parâmetros de modelos DSGE. Tomamos o modelo de Smets and Wouters (2007) como base e avaliamos a performance de dois procedimentos de estimação: Método dos Momentos Simulados (MMS) e Máxima Verossimilhança (MV). Examinamos a distribuição empírica das estimativas dos parâmetros e sua implicação para as análises de impulso-resposta e decomposição de variância nos casos de especificação correta e má especificação. Nossos resultados apontam para um desempenho ruim de MMS e alguns padrões de viés nas análises de impulso-resposta e decomposição de variância com estimativas de MV nos casos de má especificação considerados.