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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Monoïde des traces"

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Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024
Última modificación: 31 de julio de 2025

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1

DUCHAMP, GÉRARD, and JEAN-GABRIEL LUQUE. "LAZARD'S ELIMINATION (IN TRACES) IS FINITE-STATE RECOGNIZABLE." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 17, no. 01 (2007): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196707003433.

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We prove that the codes issued from the elimination of any sub-alphabet in a trace monoid are finite-state recognizable. This implies in particular that the transitive factorizations of the trace monoids are recognizable by (boolean) finite-state automata.
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2

Köcher, Chris, Dietrich Kuske, and Olena Prianychnykova. "The inclusion structure of partially lossy queue monoids and their trace submonoids." RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications 52, no. 1 (2018): 55–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ita/2018003.

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We model the behavior of a lossy fifo-queue as a monoid of transformations that are induced by sequences of writing and reading. To have a common model for reliable and lossy queues, we split the alphabet of the queue into two parts: the forgettable letters and the letters that are transmitted reliably. We describe this monoid by means of a confluent and terminating semi-Thue system and then study some of the monoid’s algebraic properties. In particular, we characterize completely when one such monoid can be embedded into another as well as which trace monoids occur as submonoids. Surprisingly
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3

Husainov, Ahmet A. "Cubical Sets and Trace Monoid Actions." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/285071.

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This paper is devoted to connections between trace monoids and cubical sets. We prove that the category of trace monoids is isomorphic to the category of generalized tori and it is a reflective subcategory of the category of cubical sets. Adjoint functors between the categories of cubical sets and trace monoid actions are constructed. These functors carry independence preserving morphisms in the independence preserving morphisms. This allows us to build adjoint functors between the category of weak asynchronous systems and the category of higher dimensional automata.
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4

Janicki, Ryszard, and Łukasz Mikulski. "Algebraic Structure of Step Traces and Interval Traces." Fundamenta Informaticae 175, no. 1-4 (2020): 253–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-2020-1956.

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Traces and their extensions as comtraces, step traces and interval traces are quotient monoids over sequences or step sequences that play an important role in the formal analysis and verification of concurrent systems. Step traces are generalizations of comtraces and classical traces while interval traces are specialized traces that can deal with interval order semantics. The algebraic structures and their properties as projections, hidings, canonical forms and other invariants are very well established for traces and fairly well established for comtraces. For step traces and interval traces t
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5

Mikulski, Łukasz. "Projection Representation of Mazurkiewicz Traces." Fundamenta Informaticae 85, no. 1-4 (2008): 399–408. https://doi.org/10.3233/fun-2008-851-427.

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The behavior of infinite traces is an interesting field for studies. Infinite traces can be described using projections to word monoids. Such projection representations can be generalized to projection sets. To complete simple descriptions, the binary operation from projection sets to traces has been defined. After such preparations some properties of infinite traces are discussed.
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6

Hygate, Alexander P. S., J. M. Diederik Kruijssen, Mélanie Chevance, Andreas Schruba, Daniel T. Haydon, and Steven N. Longmore. "An uncertainty principle for star formation – IV. On the nature and filtering of diffuse emission." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 488, no. 2 (2019): 2800–2824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1779.

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Abstract Diffuse emission is observed in galaxies in many tracers across the electromagnetic spectrum, including tracers of star formation, such as H α and ultraviolet (UV), and tracers of gas mass, such as carbon monoxide (CO) transition lines and the 21-cm line of atomic hydrogen (H i). Its treatment is key to extracting meaningful information from observations such as cloud-scale star formation rates. Finally, studying diffuse emission can reveal information about the physical processes taking place in the interstellar medium, such as chemical transitions and the nature of stellar feedback
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7

BERTONI, ALBERTO, and ROBERTO RADICIONI. "APPROXIMATING THE MEAN SPEEDUP IN TRACE MONOIDS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 19, no. 03 (2008): 497–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054108005796.

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Traces can be viewed as parallel processes and the "mean speedup" of a trace monoid has been introduced as a measure of "intrinsic parallelism" of the monoid. We study the problem of computing the mean speedup under two conditions: uniform distribution on the words of given length and uniform distribution on the traces of given height. In the first case, we give an approximability result showing a probabilistic fully polynomial time approximation scheme, while, in the second case, we prove that the problem is NP-hard to approximate within n1-c for every ∊ > 0, unless NP = coR. A further con
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8

Dionatos, Odysseas, Lars E. Kristensen, Mario Tafalla, Manuel Güdel, and Magnus Persson. "Feedback of molecular outflows from protostars in NGC 1333 revealed by Herschel and Spitzer spectro-imaging observations." Astronomy & Astrophysics 641 (September 2020): A36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037684.

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Context. Far infrared cooling of excited gas around protostars has been predominantly studied in the context of pointed observations. Large-scale spectral maps of star forming regions enable the simultaneous, comparative study of the gas excitation around an ensemble of sources at a common frame of reference, therefore, providing direct insights in the multitude of physical processes involved. Aims. We employ extended spectral-line maps to decipher the excitation, the kinematical, and dynamical processes in NGC 1333 as revealed by a number of different molecular and atomic lines, aiming to set
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9

García, A. R., R. Volkamer, L. T. Molina, et al. "Separation of emitted and photochemical formaldehyde in Mexico City using a statistical analysis and a new pair of gas-phase tracers." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 6 (2005): 11583–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-11583-2005.

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Abstract. Photochemical pollution control strategies require an understanding of photochemical oxidation precursors, making it important to distinguish between primary and secondary sources of HCHO. Estimates for the relative strengths of primary and secondary sources of formaldehyde (HCHO) were obtained using a statistical regression analysis with time series data of carbon monoxide (CO) and glyoxal (CHOCHO) measured in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during the spring of 2003. Differences between Easter week and more typical weeks are evaluated. The use of CO-CHOCHO as HCHO tracers
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10

Garcia, A. R., R. Volkamer, L. T. Molina, et al. "Separation of emitted and photochemical formaldehyde in Mexico City using a statistical analysis and a new pair of gas-phase tracers." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 12 (2006): 4545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4545-2006.

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Abstract. Photochemical pollution control strategies require an understanding of photochemical oxidation precursors, making it important to distinguish between primary and secondary sources of HCHO. Estimates for the relative strengths of primary and secondary sources of formaldehyde (HCHO) were obtained using a statistical regression analysis with time series data of carbon monoxide (CO) and glyoxal (CHOCHO) measured in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during the spring of 2003. Differences between Easter week and more typical weeks are evaluated. The use of CO-CHOCHO as HCHO tracers
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11

MÉTIVIER, YVES, and BRIGITTE ROZOY. "ON THE STAR OPERATION IN FREE PARTIALLY COMMUTATIVE MONOIDS." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 02, no. 03 (1991): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054191000169.

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Let X be a finite set of traces. In this paper we show that each connected iterative factor of X* has a power which may be expressed as the conjugate of a product of the elements of X. From this property we deduce that if the star of a finite set of traces is recognizable then maximal connected factors of iterative factors of X* have a power which is the conjugate of a product of the elements of X.
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12

Abalos, M., W. J. Randel, D. E. Kinnison, and E. Serrano. "Quantifying tracer transport in the tropical lower stratosphere using WACCM." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 5 (2013): 13245–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-13245-2013.

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Abstract. The zonal mean transport of ozone and carbon monoxide (CO) near the tropical tropopause is investigated using the Whole-Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 4 (WACCM4). The variability in temperature, ozone and CO in the model shows good agreement with satellite and balloon observations. Modeled temperature and tracers exhibit large and closely coupled annual cycles in the tropical lower stratosphere, as in the observations. The thermodynamic and tracer budgets in the model are analyzed based on the Transformed Eulerian Mean (TEM) framework on log-pressure coordinates and also
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13

Abalos, M., W. J. Randel, D. E. Kinnison, and E. Serrano. "Quantifying tracer transport in the tropical lower stratosphere using WACCM." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 21 (2013): 10591–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10591-2013.

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Abstract. The zonal mean transport of ozone and carbon monoxide (CO) near the tropical tropopause is investigated using the Whole-Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 4 (WACCM4). The variability in temperature, ozone and CO in the model shows good agreement with satellite and balloon observations. Modeled temperature and tracers exhibit large and closely coupled annual cycles in the tropical lower stratosphere, as in the observations. The thermodynamic and tracer budgets in the model are analyzed based on the Transformed Eulerian Mean (TEM) framework on log-pressure coordinates and also
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14

Frey, W., R. Schofield, P. Hoor, et al. "The impact of overshooting deep convection on local transport and mixing in the tropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 1 (2015): 1041–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-1041-2015.

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Abstract. In this study we examine the simulated downward transport and mixing of stratospheric air into the upper tropical troposphere as observed on a research flight during the SCOUT-O3 campaign in connection to a deep convective system. We use the Advanced Research Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model with a horizontal resolution of 333 m to examine this downward transport. The simulation reproduces the deep convective system, its timing and overshooting altitudes reasonably well compared to radar and aircraft observations. Passive tracers initialised at pre-storm times indicat
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15

Frey, W., R. Schofield, P. Hoor, et al. "The impact of overshooting deep convection on local transport and mixing in the tropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 11 (2015): 6467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6467-2015.

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Abstract. In this study we examine the simulated downward transport and mixing of stratospheric air into the upper tropical troposphere as observed on a research flight during the SCOUT-O3 campaign in connection with a deep convective system. We use the Advanced Research Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model with a horizontal resolution of 333 m to examine this downward transport. The simulation reproduces the deep convective system, its timing and overshooting altitudes reasonably well compared to radar and aircraft observations. Passive tracers initialised at pre-storm times indic
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16

Rozoy, Brigitte, and P. S. Thiagarajan. "Event structures and trace monoids." Theoretical Computer Science 91, no. 2 (1991): 285–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3975(91)90087-i.

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17

Shahbazyan, K. V., and Yu H. Shoukourian. "Inclusion problems in trace monoids." Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 46, no. 4 (2010): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10559-010-9231-0.

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18

Chung, D. T., P. C. Breysse, K. A. Cleary, et al. "COMAP Pathfinder – Season 2 results." Astronomy & Astrophysics 691 (November 2024): A337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451122.

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The Carbon monOxide Mapping Array Project (COMAP) Pathfinder survey continues to demonstrate the feasibility of line-intensity mapping using high-redshift carbon monoxide (CO) line emission traced at cosmological scales. The latest COMAP Pathfinder power spectrum analysis is based on observations through the end of Season 2, covering the first three years of Pathfinder operations. We use our latest constraints on the CO(1–0) line-intensity power spectrum at z ~ 3 to update corresponding constraints on the cosmological clustering of CO line emission and thus the cosmic molecular gas content at
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19

Bacer, Sara, Theodoros Christoudias, and Andrea Pozzer. "Projection of North Atlantic Oscillation and its effect on tracer transport." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 24 (2016): 15581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15581-2016.

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Abstract. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) plays an important role in the climate variability of the Northern Hemisphere, with significant consequences on long-range pollutant transport. We investigate the evolution of pollutant transport in the 21st century influenced by the NAO under a global climate change scenario. We use a free-running simulation performed by the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model coupled with the ocean general circulation model MPIOM, covering the period from 1950 until 2100. Similarly to other works, the model shows a future northeastward shift of the NA
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20

Kunc, Michal, and Jan Meitner. "The Generalized Rank of Trace Languages." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 30, no. 01 (2019): 135–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054119400070.

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Given a partially commutative alphabet and a set of words [Formula: see text], the rank of [Formula: see text] expresses the amount of shuffling required to produce a word belonging to [Formula: see text] from two words whose concatenation belongs to the closure of [Formula: see text] with respect to the partial commutation. In this paper, the notion of rank is generalized from concatenations of two words to an arbitrary fixed number of words. In this way, an infinite sequence of non-negative integers and infinity is assigned to every set of words. It is proved that in the case of alphabets de
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21

Silva, Pedro V. "The homomorphism problem for trace monoids." Theoretical Computer Science 307, no. 1 (2003): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(03)00101-4.

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22

Shah, Kasturi, and Peter H. Haynes. "How heating tracers drive self-lofting long-lived stratospheric anticyclones: simple dynamical models." Weather and Climate Dynamics 5, no. 2 (2024): 559–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-5-559-2024.

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Abstract. Long-lived “bubbles” of wildfire smoke or volcanic aerosol have recently been observed in the stratosphere, co-located with ozone, carbon monoxide, and water vapour anomalies. These bubbles often survive for several weeks, during which time they ascend through vertical distances of 15 km or more. Meteorological analysis data suggest that this aerosol is contained within strong, persistent anticyclonic vortices. Absorption of solar radiation by the aerosol is hypothesised to drive the ascent of the bubbles, but the dynamics of how this heating gives rise to a single-sign anticyclonic
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23

Budisulistiorini, S. H., X. Li, S. T. Bairai, et al. "Examining the effects of anthropogenic emissions on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol formation during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) at the Look Rock, Tennessee ground site." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 15 (2015): 8871–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8871-2015.

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Abstract. A suite of offline and real-time gas- and particle-phase measurements was deployed at Look Rock, Tennessee (TN), during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) to examine the effects of anthropogenic emissions on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. High- and low-time-resolution PM2.5 samples were collected for analysis of known tracer compounds in isoprene-derived SOA by gas chromatography/electron ionization-mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection-electrospray ionization-high-resolution quadrup
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24

Dickman, R. L., Ronald L. Snell, and F. Peter Schloerb. "Carbon monoxide as an extragalactic mass tracer." Astrophysical Journal 309 (October 1986): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/164604.

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25

Budisulistiorini, S. H., X. Li, S. T. Bairai, et al. "Examining the effects of anthropogenic emissions on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol formation during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) at the Look Rock, Tennessee, ground site." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 5 (2015): 7365–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-7365-2015.

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Abstract. A suite of offline and real-time gas- and particle-phase measurements was deployed at Look Rock, Tennessee (TN), during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) to examine the effects of anthropogenic emissions on isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. High- and low-time resolution PM2.5 samples were collected for analysis of known tracer compounds in isoprene-derived SOA by gas chromatography/electron ionization-mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection-electrospray ionization-high-resolution quadrup
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26

Afsar, Zahra, Nadia S. Larsen, and Sergey Neshveyev. "KMS States on Nica-Toeplitz $$\hbox {C}^*$$-algebras." Communications in Mathematical Physics 378, no. 3 (2020): 1875–929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-020-03711-6.

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Abstract Given a quasi-lattice ordered group (G, P) and a compactly aligned product system X of essential $$\hbox {C}^*$$ C ∗ -correspondences over the monoid P, we show that there is a bijection between the gauge-invariant $$\hbox {KMS}_\beta $$ KMS β -states on the Nica-Toeplitz algebra $$\mathcal {NT}(X)$$ NT ( X ) of X with respect to a gauge-type dynamics, on one side, and the tracial states on the coefficient algebra A satisfying a system (in general infinite) of inequalities, on the other. This strengthens and generalizes a number of results in the literature in several directions: we d
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27

Win, Thida, Nicholas J. Screaton, Joanna Porter, et al. "Novel Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography of Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease Combining a Labeled Somatostatin Receptor Analogue and 2-Deoxy-2 [18F] Fluoro-D-Glucose." Molecular Imaging 11, no. 2 (2012): 7290.2011.00030. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7290.2011.00030.

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We prospectively investigated the potential of positron emission tomography (PET) using the somatostatin receptor (SSTR) analogue 68Ga-DOTATATE and 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) in diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD). Twenty-six patients (mean age 68.9 ± 11.0 years) with DPLD were recruited for 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG combined PET/high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) studies. Ten patients had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 12 patients had nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), and 4 patients had other forms of DPLD. Using PET, the pulmonary tracer uptake (maxim
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28

Krob, Daniel, Jean Mairesse, and Ioannis Michos. "Computing the average parallelism in trace monoids." Discrete Mathematics 273, no. 1-3 (2003): 131–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(03)00233-4.

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29

Rodaro, Emanuele, and Pedro V. Silva. "Fixed points of endomorphisms of trace monoids." Semigroup Forum 89, no. 1 (2013): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00233-013-9553-0.

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30

Choffrut, Christian, and Massimiliano Goldwurm. "Determinants and Möbius functions in trace monoids." Discrete Mathematics 194, no. 1-3 (1999): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-365x(98)00211-8.

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31

Eckhardt, S., A. Stohl, S. Beirle, et al. "The North Atlantic Oscillation controls air pollution transport to the Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 3, no. 3 (2003): 3222–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-3-3222-2003.

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Abstract. This paper studies the interannual variability of pollution pathways from northern hemisphere (NH) continents into the Arctic. Using a 1-year model simulation of the dispersion of passive tracers representative of anthropogenic emissions from NH continents, we show that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) exerts a strong control on the pollution transport into the Arctic, particularly in winter and spring. For tracer lifetimes of 5 (30) days, surface concentrations in the Arctic winter are enhanced by about 70% (30%) during high phases of the NAO (in the following referred to as NAO
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32

Eckhardt, S., A. Stohl, S. Beirle, et al. "The North Atlantic Oscillation controls air pollution transport to the Arctic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, no. 5 (2003): 1769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1769-2003.

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Abstract. This paper studies the interannual variability of pollution pathways from northern hemisphere (NH) continents into the Arctic. Using a 15-year model simulation of the dispersion of passive tracers representative of anthropogenic emissions from NH continents, we show that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) exerts a strong control on the pollution transport into the Arctic, particularly in winter and spring. For tracer lifetimes of 5 (30) days, surface concentrations in the Arctic winter are enhanced by about 70% (30%) during high phases of the NAO (in the following referred to as NA
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33

Starling, Charles. "$\mathrm C^*$-algebras of Boolean inverse monoids -- traces and invariant means." Documenta Mathematica 21 (2016): 809–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/dm/546.

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34

Doremus, Robert H. "Diffusion of oxygen and silicon in silicon: Silicon monoxide model." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 1 (2001): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0030.

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The diffusion of oxygen in silicon was modeled to result from the diffusion of dissolved silicon monoxide. The SiO molecule dissolved in the largest space in the diamond lattice of silicon, oriented in a 〈111〉 direction, with the oxygen lightly bonded to a network silicon atom. This configuration is consistent with infrared spectra, dichroism of infrared spectral lines, and internal friction of oxygen in silicon. The anomalous rapid diffusion of oxygen below 700 °C could result from the diffusion of molecular water or oxygen in silicon, but more evidence is needed to test these possibilities.
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35

Choffrut, C. "A remark on the representation of trace monoids." Semigroup Forum 40, no. 1 (1990): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02573262.

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36

Miyakawa, Takuma, Akinori Ito, Chunmao Zhu, et al. "Trace elements in PM2.5 aerosols in East Asian outflow in the spring of 2018: emission, transport, and source apportionment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 22 (2023): 14609–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14609-2023.

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Abstract. Trace metals in aerosol particles impact Earth's radiative budget, human health, and ocean biogeochemistry. Semi-continuous measurements of the elemental composition of fine-mode (PM2.5) aerosols were conducted using an automated X-ray fluorescence analyzer on a remote island of Japan during the spring of 2018. Temporal variations in mass concentrations of geochemically important elements for this period, such as Pb, Cu, Si, Fe, and Mn, and their relationships with the emission tracers, carbon monoxide (CO) and black carbon (BC), were reported. The Integrated Massively Parallel Atmos
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37

Kęskiewicz, Anna. "INTRODUCTION TO FORENSICS - APPLICATION OF NATURAL SCIENCES." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 4, no. 2 (2018): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0014.

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A well-known forensic material used in forensic technique is carbon monoxide on environment. In literature an important element that makes it difficult to assess the circumstances of fatal poisoning is the individual way of reacting the body to the action of carbon monoxide. Often staying in the same conditions cause that some people are poisoned while others alive. ''Introduction to forensics - application of natural sciences '' is a scientific presentation in order to disseminate preventive methods. The policy on environment is undoubtedly a theme to these important research methods. In orde
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38

Zhang, Valencia, Jakob den Brok, Qizhou Zhang, et al. "Application of Resolved Low-J Multi-CO Line Modeling with RADEX to Constrain the Molecular Gas Properties in the Starburst M82." Astrophysical Journal 982, no. 1 (2025): 21. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb579.

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Abstract The distribution and physical conditions of molecular gas are closely linked to star formation and the subsequent evolution of galaxies. Emission from carbon monoxide (CO) and its isotopologues traces the bulk of molecular gas and provides constraints on the physical conditions through their line ratios. However, a comprehensive understanding of how the particular choice of line modeling approach impacts derived molecular properties remains incomplete. Here, we study the nearby starburst galaxy M82, known for its intense star formation and molecular emission, using the large set of av
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39

Itodo, Isaac N., Dorcas K. Yakubu, and Theresa K. Kaankuka. "The Effects of Biogas Fuel in an Electric Generator on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Power Output, and Fuel Consumption." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 4 (2019): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13394.

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Abstract. The rising cost of fossil fuels, global warming from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, unreliable grid supply electricity, and overdependence on hydropower electricity have resulted in low electricity per capita in Nigeria. This study was undertaken to produce, purify, and use biogas as a fuel to generate electricity with a 3.5 kW spark-ignition engine generator and determine its effect on GHG emissions, power output, and fuel consumption. Unpurified and purified biogas were used as fuels. The biogas was purified in water and in a calcium chloride solution. The fuels used to power the
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40

Graham, Brian L., Vito Brusasco, Felip Burgos, et al. "Executive Summary: 2017 ERS/ATS standards for single-breath carbon monoxide uptake in the lung." European Respiratory Journal 49, no. 1 (2017): 16E0016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.e0016-2016.

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This document summarises an update to the European Respiratory Society (ERS)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) technical standards for single-breath carbon monoxide uptake in the lung that was last updated in 2005. The full standards are also available online as https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00016-2016. The major changes in these technical standards relate to DLCO measurement with systems using rapidly responding gas analysers for carbon monoxide and the tracer gas, which are now the most common type of DLCO instrumentation being manufactured. Technical improvements and the increased capabili
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41

Husainov, Ahmet A. "The global dimension of a trace monoid ring." Semigroup Forum 82, no. 2 (2010): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00233-010-9264-8.

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42

Wrathall, C. "Trace monoids with some invertible generators: two decision problems." Discrete Applied Mathematics 32, no. 2 (1991): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-218x(91)90101-2.

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43

Metivier, Y., and G. Richomme. "New Results on the Star Problem in Trace Monoids." Information and Computation 119, no. 2 (1995): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/inco.1995.1088.

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44

Shrestha, Sujan, Shan Zhou, Manisha Mehra, et al. "Evaluation of aerosol- and gas-phase tracers for identification of transported biomass burning emissions in an industrially influenced location in Texas, USA." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 19 (2023): 10845–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10845-2023.

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Abstract. As criteria pollutants from anthropogenic emissions have declined in the US in the last 2 decades, biomass burning (BB) emissions are becoming more important for urban air quality. Tracking the transported BB emissions and their impacts is challenging, especially in areas that are also burdened by anthropogenic sources like the Texas Gulf Coast. During the Corpus Christi and San Antonio (CCSA) field campaign in spring 2021, two long-range-transport BB events (BB1 and BB2) were identified. The observed patterns of an absorption Ångström exponent (AAE), a high-resolution time-of-flight
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45

VERSHININ, VLADIMIR V. "ON VASSILIEV INVARIANTS FOR LINKS IN HANDLEBODIES." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 07, no. 05 (1998): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021821659800036x.

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The notion of Vassiliev algebra in case of handlebodies is developed. Analogues of the results of J. Baez for links in handlebodies are proved. This implies that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the special class of finite type invariants of links in hanlebodies and the homogeneous Markov traces on Vassiliev algebras. This approach uses the singular braid monoid and braid group in a handlebody and the generalizations of the theorem of J. Alexander and the theorem of A. A. Markov for singular links and braids and the relative version of Markov's theorem.
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46

Roscioli, J. R., T. I. Yacovitch, C. Floerchinger, et al. "Measurements of methane emissions from natural gas gathering facilities and processing plants: measurement methods." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 12 (2014): 12357–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-12357-2014.

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Abstract. Increased natural gas production in recent years has spurred intense interest in methane (CH4) emissions associated with its production, gathering, processing, transmission and distribution. Gathering and processing facilities (G&P facilities) are unique in that the wide range of gas sources (shale, coal-bed, tight gas, conventional, etc.) results in a wide range of gas compositions, which in turn requires an array of technologies to prepare the gas for pipeline transmission and distribution. We present an overview and detailed description of the measurement method and analys
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47

Israel, F. P., and Th De Graauw. "Carbon Monoxide in the Magellanic Clouds." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 148 (1991): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090019998x.

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Molecular gas is a major constituent of the interstellar medium of all late-type galaxies. Virtually all of it is in the form of cold molecular hydrogen (H2) which today cannot be observed directly. However, the tracer molecule carbon monoxide (CO) (relative abundance 10−5) is easily detected. For the Magellanic Clouds (MCs), CO studies are of specific importance. The Clouds are rich in HI, and if we can establish the presence of significant amounts of H2 as well, this will influence our estimates of the global rate of star formation and its history. Complexes of presently quiescent molecular
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48

Tilmes, S., L. K. Emmons, K. S. Law, et al. "Source contributions to Northern Hemisphere CO and black carbon during spring and summer 2008 from POLARCAT and START08/preHIPPO observations and MOZART-4." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 2 (2011): 5935–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-5935-2011.

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Abstract. Anthropogenic pollution and wildfires are main producers of carbon monoxide (CO) and black carbon (BC) in the Northern Hemisphere. High concentrations of these compounds are transported into the Arctic troposphere, influencing the ecosystem in high northern latitudes and the global climate. The global chemical transport model MOZART-4 is used to quantify the seasonal evolution of the contribution of CO and BC from different source regions in spring and summer 2008 by tagging their emissions. Aircraft observations from the POLARCAT experiments, in particular NASA ARCTAS, NOAA ARCPAC,
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49

Williams, Jonathan. "Organic Trace Gases in the Atmosphere: An Overview." Environmental Chemistry 1, no. 3 (2004): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en04057.

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Environmental Context. The major carbon-containing atmospheric gases (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane) are found in the atmosphere at the parts-per-million levels, where they affect physical phenomena such as the greenhouse effect. There are however many more carbon-containing gases at much lower levels with many and varied roles; in the main these gases are more chemically active and affect principally chemical phenomena such as the ozone budget. Abstract. An overview of atmospheric organic trace gases is presented. This work is suited to those new to the field and to those seeki
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Abbes, Samy, and Jean Mairesse. "Uniform and Bernoulli measures on the boundary of trace monoids." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 135 (October 2015): 201–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2015.05.003.

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