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1
Haines, Rebecca J. ""Telling them both sides" issues of race and identity for young mothers of multiracial children /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0035/MQ27350.pdf.
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Ward, Patricia. "Experiences of white women in interracial relationships : individuals, partners and mothers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/experiences-of-white-women-in-interracial-relationships-individuals-partners-and-mothers(e06aacca-7177-462c-bb9a-95570240caa9).html.
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This research is a qualitative, heuristic study involving in-depth interviews with eight white, professional heterosexual women in interracial relationships. The women were found through an opportunistic or snowball approach. The participant women were in the age range 25-60. Six were married and two were in long term relationships. All women had children, seven having mixed-race children between 18 months and 23 years of age. Four women had partners of African-Caribbean heritage, three had partners of African heritage and one had a partner of Nepalese heritage. The women shared their reflections on having to confront the realities of racism, coming to terms with their own ambiguous racial position, facing the notion of whiteness and considering their social position as white women. The research was conducted using a heuristic methodology to explore white women's experiences, using creative images and personal reflective and reflexive narratives integrated throughout the text. The research offers insight into how the social experiences of being in an interracial relationship impacts on white women; as individuals, partners and in their role of mother. Implications for themselves as mothers and parenting their children in a racist context are explored and discussed. The findings suggest the women can feel caught between the known (whiteness) and the unknown (blackness). Having crossed a 'socially unaccepted racialised boundary' and challenging explicit dominant social, gendered and racialised beliefs, the women stepped into the unknown involving experiences of changes in status, challenges to assumptions of their maternal competence and living in a world which involved a continuous process of deconstruction and reconstruction of a new, unforeseen racialised identity. The white women moved from being an 'insider' within their own dominant social experiences, to becoming an 'outsider' within another cultural context, sometimes experiencing uncertainty about where they belonged. The white women experienced a shift of reference group orientation, with a new experience of continuous external scrutiny unfolding. These newly encountered social and personal events challenged the white women to review how they previously saw themselves, with this all impacting on their previously taken for granted social status. These experiences impacted at emotional and cognitive levels. As a consequence, the white women often found themselves occupying a liminal or unknown space where a process occurs of attempting to come to terms with the new experiences, new learning and adopting alternative strategies to deal with these different experiences. Implications for counsellors working with white women in interracial relationships are considered and suggestions for therapeutic engagement are made.
3
De, Smit Nicolette. "Mothering multiracial children : indicators of effective interracial parenting." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37287.pdf.
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Cunico, Brea. "Meeting the needs of mulit/biracial children in school and at home." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009cunicob.pdf.
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Martin, Patricia Ashbaugh. "Ethnic identity formation in biracial children : the father's perspective /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074425.
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Burton, Colia Christine Danyelle. "Resource manual for parents of Black biracial children and/or parents of Black adopted children." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999burton.pdf.
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Csizmadia, Annamaria. "Biracial children's psychosocial development from kindergarten to fifth grade links to individual and contextual characteristics /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6053.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 3, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
8
Gundermann, Maiko Angela. "The self-perceived identities of half-Japanese a Hong Kong-Japanese / German-Japanese comparison /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36762349.
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Bellett, Donella Frances, and n/a. "Contradictions in culture : 8 case studies of Maori identity." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 1996. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070531.122612.
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This thesis investigates the phenomenon known as a Maori ethnic identity. The topic is investigated using personal interviews and the findings are reported by way of personal narrative. Eight informants were interviewed. All presently identify as Maori and have arrived at this point following a diverse range of experiences. The thesis documents these experiences and those things that are important to them on a personal level. As such, this thesis investigates the topic of Maori ethnicity as it pertains to a group of individuals, not to Maoridom as a whole.
It was found that no single paradigm could be applied to my informant�s conception of identity. Each constructed their identity in a unique way. Integral to all identities, however, was the use of both cultural and biological factors. In constructing and maintaining their identities as Maori my informants looked firstly to the presence of ancestry and, following from this cultural practices were employed. The use of ancestry as a basis of identity, and the causal attributes associated with it (such as natural leanings towards the use of Maori language), represent essentialist tendencies on the part of many of my informants. Also of great interest was the perception, by many of my informants, that cultural traits were innate. This is described as a Lamarckian way of viewing ethnicity.
10
Kight, Julie M. "Growing up biracial in a Southern elementary school." Click here to access dissertation, 2009. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2009/julie_m_kight/kight_julie_200901_edd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Georgia Southern University, 2009.<br>"A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education." Directed by Cordelia Kinskie. ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-126) and appendices.
11
Dillon, Karen Lee. "Mulata Mothers: Gender Representation in Oscar Hijuelos' Novels." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1090422675.
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Bohadana-Brown, Gal R. "Self-Compassion in Parents of Children with Autism: A Mixed Methods Approach." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/402261.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 0.74% of children under the age of 7 in Australia. ASD is characterised by persistent impairments in social interaction and communication across different contexts, as well as restricted, repetitive behaviour, activities, or interests. Symptoms are usually present in the early developmental stages of life and cause significant impairment in social and other important areas of functioning. Parents of children with ASD are often highly stressed and experience poorer quality of life which has been associated with the additional challenges arising from parenting a child with ASD. Given that parental well-being has been shown to have a reciprocal relationship with child behaviour and child well-being, identifying potentially modifiable factors which can reduce parental stress and improve quality of life may have broader clinical benefit. One potential factor that has been relatively unexplored is self-compassion. Self-compassion generally refers to the nonjudgemental awareness of suffering whilst meeting this suffering with acts of self-kindness. This thesis investigated self-compassion using a mixed methods approach examining whether self-compassion could extend from a theoretical contribution to practical implications in mothers of children with ASD, using mixed methods.
The aim of the first study was to test an extended ABCX model of adaptation by including an additional internal resource variable, self-compassion, to examine the potential contribution to the model. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 139 parents of children with ASD. Findings from this study suggest the negative dimension of self-compassion was related to greater parental stress, whereas the positive dimension of self-compassion was related to greater quality of life. The aim of the second study was to examine the daily encounters of parents with stress and self-compassion using semi structured interviews from 19 mothers. This study provided evidence relating to the impact and causes of stress, the benefits of self-compassion, the barriers to self-compassion, and the aids to self-compassion. The second part of the interviews gathered information regarding parents’ needs, goals, and preferences that subsequently informed a socially valid intervention for parents. Lastly, the third study of this project served as a proof-of-concept study, where three parents participated in a 4-week self-compassion-based intervention. The intervention was informed by the data collected in studies 1 and 2 as well as the Centre of Clinical Intervention Self-Compassion modules. Three mothers ages 30-48 years attended four, 2-hour sessions. This study found a self-compassion intervention to be socially valid and effective in improving parent outcomes, including an increase in self-compassion, decrease in parenting stress, depression, anxiety, and stress, and better quality of life. Understanding potential modifiable factors that may improve parent well-being is particularly important in parents of children with ASD, who tend to report higher stress and poorer quality of life.<br>Thesis (Professional Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)<br>School of Applied Psychology<br>Griffith Health<br>Full Text
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Oosthuizen, Marita. "Veerkragtigheid in die enkelouer-transrasgesin." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96041.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Families with a transracially adopted child are confronted with normal family crises, crises
due to the adoption as well as challenges specific to a transracial family. When this
transracial family is a single-parent family, it could be assumed that the challenges the family
faces will be even more. Consequently, the need developed to investigate characteristics and
family patterns which contribute to family adaptation in crises in the single-parent family
where a child from a different race than the parent has been adopted. The research question in
this study was: “What are resilience factors in single-parent transracial families?” The
strength perspective formed the basis of this study and the theories of Walsh (2003) and
McCubbin and McCubbin (1996) provided the theoretical grounding. An explorative research
design was used to address the research question. Data were collected by means of semistructured
interviews and conventional content analysis was performed to analyse the data by
using the Atlas.ti. computer program. Interviews were conducted with six white women who
adopted a child or children from a different race than themselves. These women were all
single parents living in the Western Cape, South Africa. At the time of the study, the ages of
these transracially adopted children ranged from three to 10 years. A biographical
questionnaire and an in-depth interview with each participant were used to collect the data.
The results indicated that an important resilience factor in the transracially adopted family is
equipping the adopted child with specific skills to cope with crises that may result due to
his/her unique situation. Effective preparation of the adoptive mother before adoption, social
contact and the support of the extended family were also found to be important resilience factors. Family routines, openness about the adoption and the utilisation of external resources
were identified as important sources of resilience for the single-parent transracial family. The
results of this study provide important information to the potential transracially adopting
parent to prepare him/herself for transracial adoption. The results of this study also provide important information to everyone involved in transracial adoption (for example the social
worker) in South-Africa.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gesinne met ʼn aangenome kind van ʼn ander ras as die ouer(s) word gekonfronteer met alle
normale gesinskrisisse, krisisse wat ontstaan weens die aanneming, sowel as uitdagings wat
spesifiek aan ʼn transrasgesin gestel word. Indien die transrasgesin ʼn enkelouergesin is, kan
daar verwag word dat verdere uitdagings aan hierdie gesin gestel sal word. Gevolglik het die
vraag ontstaan watter gesinskenmerke en -patrone ʼn bydrae lewer tot gesinsaanpassing in
krisissituasies in enkelouergesinne waar ʼn kind van ʼn ander ras as die ouer aangeneem is.
Gevolglik was die navorsingsvraag in hierdie ondersoek: “Wat is veerkragtigheidskenmerke
van enkelouer-transrasgesinne?” Die sterkteperspektief het as uitgangspunt vir hierdie studie
gedien en die teorieë van Walsh (2003) en McCubbin en McCubbin (1996) is as teoretiese
grondslag benut. ʼn Eksploratiewe navorsingsontwerp is gebruik om die navorsingsvraag te
ondersoek. Data is deur middel van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude ingesamel en
konvensionele inhoudsontleding is gedoen om ingesamelde data met behulp van die Atlas.tirekenaarprogram
te ontleed. Onderhoude is met ses wit vroue wat ʼn kind of kinders van ʼn
ander ras as hulself aangeneem het, gevoer. Hierdie vroue is almal enkelouers en woonagtig
in die Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika. Tydens die ondersoek het die ouderdomme van die
transrasaangenome kinders gewissel tussen drie en 10 jaar. ʼn Biografiese vraelys en ʼn
diepgaande onderhoud met elke deelnemer is gebruik om data in te samel. Daar is bevind dat
ʼn belangrike veerkragtigheidsfaktor in die transrasaangenome gesin is om die
transrasaangenome kind toe te rus met vaardighede om potensiële krisisse rakende sy/haar
transrasaangenome status effektief te hanteer. Die effektiewe voorbereiding van die moeder voor aanneming, sosiale kontak en die ondersteuning van die uitgebreide familie is ook as
belangrike veerkragtigheidsfaktore in die transrasgesin geïdentifiseer. Spesifieke
gesinspatrone, openlikheid oor die aanneming en die benutting van eksterne hulpbronne help
ook die transrasgesin om krisissituasies effektief te hanteer. Hierdie inligting is ʼn belangrike hulpbron vir potensiële aanneemouers ten einde hulle effektief voor te berei vir die
aanneming van ʼn kind van ʼn ander ras as hulself. Die resultate van hierdie studie verskaf ook
belangrike inligting aan die ondersteuningspartye (byvoorbeeld die maatskaplike werker) wat
betrokke is by transrasaanneming in Suid-Afrika.
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Thompson, Ashland C. "Mothers’ Religious Influence on Children Experiencing Trauma: Haiti Community Clinic Focus Groups." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1545222668376661.
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Kang, Song Jung. "The ministry to bi-racial children in five Korean-American congregations in the greater Grand Rapids area a study of the theological implications for ministry /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Heathcote, Claire. "An intersectional exploration of the spatial dynamics of mothers of mixed race children in the neighbourhood context." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702213.
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This intersectional study explored how mothers of mixed race children negotiate racialised and classed bordering practice in two neighbourhoods within a provincial city in the UK. The research was influenced by Critical Race Theory. It employed a critical interpretation of Bourdieusian symbolic capital to look at how localised spatial dynamics impact on the social geographies of mothers . of mixed race children. Grounded in ethnographic principles, the study explored spatial practice within the two localities as research participants produced a visual representation of the places they took their children in the neighbourhood. Some families participated in a 'go-along', a type of participant observation, in which they were accompanied on a routine trip with their children. This allowed participants to visualise spatial dynamics in real space and time. The study found that classed habitus affects the neighbourhood geographies of families with mixed race children; with those ascribed as middle class having more spatial mobility and ascribed cosmopolitan habitus, than those assigned as lower class. However, working class parents of mixed race children also shared a cosmopolitan habitus and them, and their children, whilst having much less mobility, had more ethnically diverse friendship groups than middle class participants. The study concluded that families with mixed race children make choices about household residence based on an assessment of the social geographies of different localities. Whilst they remain interested in the level and composition of minority ethnic diversity, they are influenced by the intersection of a range of other social differences such as socio-economic differences, symbolic capital (habitus) and geography. New data emerged about potential working class 'edge areas'. These neighbourhoods where families with mixed race children had settled had average numbers of ethnic minority population and residents ascribed as more 'tolerant' towards those racially different, than in other working class urban areas.
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Parks, Joe Kennedy Larry DeWitt. "An analysis of factors affecting the development of a social identity for biracial adolescents." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1994. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9510429.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1994.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed March 29, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Larry Kennedy (chair), John Godbold, Ione Garcia, Charles Morris, William Tolone. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-195) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Harman, Vicki. "The support networks of lone white mothers of mixed-parentage children : the interplay of race, racism and identity." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515526.
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Liu, Wei Hong. "Feeding attitudes, practices and traditional dietary beliefs of Chinese mothers with young children in Australia : a mixed methods study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/62157/1/Wei_Hong_Liu_Thesis.pdf.
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Background and Objectives
Obesity and some dietary related diseases are emerging health problems among Chinese immigrants and their children in developed countries. These health problems are closely linked to eating habits, which are established in the early years of life. Young children’s eating habits are likely to persist into later childhood and youth. Family environment and parental feeding practices have a strong effect on young children’s eating habits. Little information is available on the early feeding practices of Chinese mothers in Australia. The aim of this study was to understand the dietary beliefs, feeding attitudes and practices of Chinese mothers with young children who were recent immigrants to Australia.
Methods
Using a sequential explanatory design, this mixed methods study consisted of two distinct phases. Phase 1 (quantitative): 254 Chinese immigrant mothers of children aged 12 to 59 months completed a cross-sectional survey. The psychometric properties and factor structure of a Chinese version of the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ, by Birch et al. 2001) were assessed and used to measure specific maternal feeding attitudes and controlling feeding practices. Other questions were developed from the literature and used to explore maternal traditional dietary beliefs and feeding practices related to their beliefs, perceptions of picky eating in children and a range of socioeconomic and acculturation factors. Phase 2 (qualitative): 21 mothers took part in a follow-up telephone interview to assist in explaining and interpreting some significant findings obtained in the first phase.
Results
Chinese mothers held strong traditional dietary beliefs and fed their children according to these beliefs. However, children’s consumption of non-core foods was high. Both traditional Chinese and Australian style foods were consumed by their children. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the original 7-factor model of the CFQ provided an acceptable fit to the data with minor modification. However, an alternative model with eight constructs in which two items related to using food rewards were separated from the original restriction construct, not only provided an acceptable fit to the data, but also improved the conceptual clarity of the constructs. The latter model included 24 items loading onto the following eight constructs: restriction, pressure to eat, monitoring, use of food rewards, perceived responsibility, perception of own weight, perception of child’s weight, and concern about child becoming overweight. The internal consistency of the constructs was acceptable or desirable (Cronbach’s α = .60 - .93). Mothers reported low levels of concern about their child overeating or becoming overweight, but high levels of controlling feeding practices: restriction, monitoring, pressure to eat and use of food rewards. More than one quarter of mothers misinterpreted their child’s weight status (based on mothers’ self-reported data). In addition, mothers’ controlling feeding practices independently predicted half of the variance and explained 16% of the variance in child weight status: pressuring the child to eat was negatively associated with child weight status (β = -0.30, p < .01) and using food rewards was positively associated with child weight status (β = 0.20, p < .05) after adjusting for maternal and child covariates. Monitoring and restriction were not associated with child weight status. Mothers’ perceptions of their child’s weight were positively associated with child weight status (β = 0.33, p < .01). Moreover, mothers reported that they mostly decided what (65%) and how much (80%) food their child ate. Mothers who decided what food their child ate were more likely to monitor (β = -0.17, p < .05) and restrict (β = -0.17, p < .05) their child’s food consumption. Mothers who let their child decide how much food their child ate were less likely to pressure their child to eat (β = -0.38, p < .01) and use food rewards (β = -0.24, p < .01). Mothers’ perceptions of picky eating behaviour were positively associated with their use of pressure (β = 0.21, p < .01) and negatively associated with monitoring (β = -0.16, p < .05) and perceptions of their child’s weight status (β = -0.13, p < .05). Qualitative data showed that pressuring to eat, monitoring and restriction of the child’s food consumption were common practices among these mothers. However, mothers stated that their motivation for monitoring and restricting was to ensure the child’s general health. Mothers’ understandings of picky eating behaviour in their children were consistent with the literature and they reported multiple feeding strategies to deal with it.
Conclusion
Chinese immigrant mothers demonstrated strong traditional dietary beliefs, a low level of concern for child weight, misperceptions of child weight status, and a high overall level of control in child feeding in this study. The Chinese version of the CFQ, which consists of eight constructs and distinguishes between the constructs using food rewards and restriction, is an appropriate instrument to assess feeding attitudes and controlling feeding practices among Chinese immigrant mothers of young children in Australia. Mothers’ feeding attitudes and practices were associated with children’s weight status and mothers’ perceptions of picky eating behaviour in children after adjusting for a range of socio-demographic maternal and child characteristics. Monitoring and restriction of children’s food consumption according to food selection may be positive feeding practices, whereas pressuring to eat and using food rewards appeared to be negative feeding practices in this study. In addition, the results suggest that these young children have high exposure to energy-dense, nutrient-poor food. There is a need to develop and implement nutrition interventions to improve maternal feeding practices and the dietary quality among children of Chinese immigrant mothers in Australia.
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Santhanam, Siva priya. "Child-Related Factors That Influence Responsiveness In Mothers Of Preschool-Age Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Mixed-Methods Study." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1395145355.
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Lopez, Anayeli. "The Relationship of Immigration Status with Mexican Immigrant Maternal and Child Well-Being in the United States." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108211.
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Thesis advisor: Thomas M. Crea<br>Thesis advisor: Ruth E. Prado P<br>Undocumented Mexican immigrants and their children make up a considerable proportion of the United States population at risk of mental health problems. Yet research to inform the mental health of undocumented Mexican immigrants and their children is very limited, and the majority of existing studies are qualitative; both types of studies are needed to understand better the relationship among different factors that may influence the mental health of immigrant parents and their children. This three-paper dissertation analyzed the implications of parents’ and children’s immigration status for the mothers' mental health and the children’s behavioral problems. It utilized subsamples from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A. FANS), a survey representative of Los Angeles County, which includes direct measures of respondent’s immigration status. Paper 1 used path analysis to examine the relationship between the mothers' immigration status and major depression, and whether self-efficacy served as a mediator. Surprisingly, undocumented mothers had fewer symptoms of major depression compared with Mexican American and documented mothers. However, when self-efficacy mediated the relationship, immigration status lowered self-efficacy, increasing symptoms of major depression. Paper 2 used hierarchical regression analysis to examine the associations of mother’s and children’s immigration status with children’s behavioral problems. Immigration status was significantly associated with internalizing problems, but not with externalizing problems. For children in mixed-status families, the influence of immigration status on internalizing problems was more severe for children in middle childhood compared to children in early childhood. The influence of immigration status on internalizing problems was more severe for adolescents compared to children in early childhood and middle childhood. Also, the mother’s self-efficacy ameliorated the negative influence of immigration status on children’s behavioral problems (internalizing and externalizing) for girls in undocumented and mixed-status families. Finally, marital conflict exacerbated the negative effects of immigration status on children’s behavioral problems (internalizing and externalizing) for girls in undocumented and mixed-status families. Paper 3 utilized path analysis to examine the mediating role of mother’s mental health (e.g., major depression and self-efficacy) and parenting stress in the relationship between immigration status and children’s behavioral problems. It was found that immigration status influences the mothers' mental health and parenting stress, which in turn influences the behavioral functioning of children in middle childhood and adolescents. Results of these three studies will help inform practice and policy by addressing critical gaps in the literature impacting a growing number of undocumented immigrant mothers and their children<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work<br>Discipline: Social Work
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Morris, Sheila Dianne. "Alienation and Isolation in Interracial Marriages in East Tennessee." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0815103-140846/unrestricted/MorrisS090203f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.L.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.<br>Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0815103-140846. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Souza, Ana Beatriz Barbosa de. "Should I speak Portuguese or English? : ethnic and social identity construction in the language choices of Brazilian mothers and their mixed-heritage children at home and in a community language school in the UK." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436925.
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Yacelga, Calderon Elva Susana. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning alimentary customs and beliefs of women with children younger than 5 years old, nursing and pregnant mothers, of the following ethnic groups: black, mixed race and natives in three rural regions of the Imbabura province, 1998-1999." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2000. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5453.
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Ecuador, a country of multi-ethnic culture, has very acute health problems, especially in rural areas where two out of every three poverty-stricken Ecuadorians live. 77% of the population under 18 years of age is under the poverty level. The greater part of the indigenous population inhabits the rural areas of the Andes and the Amazon. 76% of children in the rural Andes are poor. Little Afro-Ecuadorian boys and girls also face severe disadvantages where, in the rural areas, poverty climbs above 70% of the population under 18 years of age. Academic desertion is another factor that affects especially the young women, who have to assume agricultural and communitary jobs due to the adult men's migration to the cities. In areas of indigenous population, chronic malnutrition in those who are under five years of age ascends to 65.3% while the national average reaches 49.4%. Another at-risk group is expecting mothers. Of every 1,000 births, 70 will die before living one year, and for every 100,000 births, 198 mothers die. The Province of Imbabura is rich in alimentary production and has hot, cold, and temperate climates which in turn contribute to a diversity of cultivated products. Nevertheless, the polarization of wealth and the existence of classes with low income levels lessen the possibility of acquiring good nutrition. To this is added the individual nutritional customs and beliefs of each culture that do not allow adequate nourishment in communities which are principally indigenous, Mestizo, and Black. Indigenous, Mestizo, and Black communities have very small parcels of land (minifundios or "small farms") which they cultivate with few resources and tools. This destines the majority for living conditions of extreme poverty. The majority of Mestizos are unemployed or semi-employed, have limited health services, and lack a basic sanitary infrastructure. Another minority group is the Blacks, the majority of whom cultivate fruit and legumes, who also have limited health services and a barely acceptable sanitary infrastructure. In addition, all of these people are victims of racism and federal neglect, and claim the highest rates in general, infant, and maternal mortality in the country. This reality makes difficult the development of adequate training activities which bring about the improvement of the nutritional state of the designated at-risk groups: nursing babies, children under five years of age, and pregnant women. Facing this lacerative situation, and thanks to the support of the EZRA TAFT BENSON Institute (Agriculture and Food Institute. Brigham Young University), we designed this study to determine the understanding, attitudes, and practices in nutritional traditions and beliefs of mothers of nursing babies, children under five years old, and expecting mothers. These three groups were analyzed within the three ethnic groups in the communities of Chota, La Gangotena, and Chilcapamba-communities selected randomly and because of their ethnic populations. In the mothers of the three ethnic groups, we found similar beliefs regarding certain foods. But, there are also discrepancies regarding other recommended and prohibited foods. Diets have a lack of indispensable foods such as vitamins and minerals. Even though these goods are produced in the communities, they are not administered due to stronger ancestral traditions and beliefs. This study provides profound knowledge of their nutritional traditions and beliefs, and with the results, an appropriate intervening proposition may be formulated. The proposition will permit the bettering of alimentary and nutritional conditions in nursing babies, children under five years, and pregnant women by ethnic groups. The Universidad Ténica del Norte has complied in this manner with the social commitment assigned by the State for improving the quality of life of Ecuadorians in general and of the groups studied in particular.
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Pople, Clair Elizabeth. "Gifted Black and Biracial Students at a Predominantly White Gifted School." PDXScholar, 2015. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2347.
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The underrepresentation of gifted Black and Biracial students is a pervasive problem in and of itself, and indicates a much larger struggle of disproportionality of Black and Biracial students who are not called upon or supported in efforts to meet their academic potential. Therefore, an evaluation of the inequity generated by gifted education is warranted. It is true that the majority of gifted programs are often predominantly White. Accordingly, Black and Biracial students who qualify for gifted programs may face unique challenges in their development of racial identity and their socio-emotional health.
Using ethnographic techniques, this case study explored the ways that Discovery School, a predominantly White gifted school (PWGS), addresses race. It asked how Black and Biracial students at Discovery School understood themselves as racial beings. The fundamental research questions that guided this study were: (1) how is race addressed at a PWGS, and (2) how does a student of color feel Otherness at a PWGS? The case study was designed, and findings were analyzed, through the theoretical lens of critical race theory.
Data was collected through several means, including interviews, surveys, direct observation, and email prompts. Interviews were conducted with four gifted students of color, three teachers, and three parents. Surveys were sent home for student participants and their parents to fill out together. Teachers and administrators were asked to complete two email interview questions. Throughout the data collection, I frequently observed students learning and playing at the school and recorded field notes.
Findings indicate that:
1. Talented and gifted students thrive in programs that are uniquely tailored to meet their advanced academic and cognitive needs.
2. Policies and inadequate communication act as barriers for gifted Black and Biracial students.
3. Within a positive educational community, racial microaggressions- including the silencing of racial dialogue and individual bullying- exist.
The results of this study suggest that Discovery School operates in ways that benefit the participants of the study. Overall, the student participants (and most parent participants) were satisfied with their experiences at Discovery School. Additionally, results indicate that Discovery School could strengthen their program with a commitment to diversifying the student population and implementing culturally responsive pedagogy and antiracist practices that change the consciousness of education professionals and offer support systems for gifted Black and Biracial students, and develop curriculum that is more reflective of students of color.
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Ettinger, de Cuba Stephanie. "A mixed methods analysis of healthcare and competing needs in family life for young children of immigrant and US-born mothers." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/42943.
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Children of immigrants are the fastest growing population of children in the U.S. A greater proportion of children of immigrant than US-born parents are from households with low incomes. Despite this reality, eligibility rules are complex for many services and supports, including healthcare, that could help immigrant families to financially stabilize, often barring certain immigrants from getting help. For others who are eligible, the confusion creates barriers to assistance, with the result that they also do not receive help.
Children’s health suffers when their basic needs are not met, especially in early childhood. The first three years of life are a critically important period of development. When families are unable to provide sufficient food, shelter, healthcare, responsive caregiving, and/or safety, children’s health and development suffer, with the potential to affect their trajectory for physical, mental and academic well-being over the lifecourse. In recent years, and accelerating under the Trump Administration, immigration and public assistance eligibility policies have changed rapidly and dramatically, increasing many immigrant parents’ confusion and concern about their eligibility.
Immigration, healthcare, and social service policies intersect at the household level. Young children are not the decisionmakers about their own health or healthcare, thus public health professionals, healthcare and social service providers, and policymakers need a household view of these policies. However, relationships between access to healthcare, family material well-being, and the wider sociopolitical environment for immigrant families with young children are understudied. In a multifaceted world of interconnecting identities and policies, there is an urgent need to examine child and family issues in their full complexity, including race and ethnicity alongside nativity.
In this mixed methods dissertation, I use a cross-sectional dataset to assess whether and how health care hardship varies among young children of immigrant compared to US born mothers, as well as by immigrant mothers’ self-reported racial and ethnic backgrounds. I also examine relationships between health care hardship and young children’s health and development and family material well-being. Additionally, I present a difference-in-differences analysis of the impact of President Trump’s election on young children of immigrant and US-born mothers’ health care utilization. I examine impacts on both preventive and acute care outcomes for young children. Using qualitative analysis based on semi-structured interviews with immigrant mothers, I explore mothers’ daily experiences navigating decisions about health care with the many other demands they face. Their perspectives on seeking healthcare and public assistance in the current political and policy environment provide important context to inform policy at the state, federal and health systems level.
This dissertation expands understanding of early childhood care from a child to a household focus, sheds light on the interplay between race, ethnicity, and nativity for families with young children, and adds nuance and detail to the ways in which families navigate health care and other competing needs.<br>2024-08-31T00:00:00Z
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Roebuck, Kristin A. "Japan Reborn: Mixed-Race Children, Eugenic Nationalism, and the Politics of Sex after World War II." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D83F4NS4.
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In April 1952, Japan emerged from Allied occupation free, peaceful, and democratic. Japan’s presses marked the occasion by declaring a state of crisis: the “konketsuji [mixed-blood children] crisis.” By all accounts, Allied soldiers had sired and abandoned two hundred thousand “mixed-blood” orphans in Japan. However, Chapter One reveals this to be a fabricated crisis or “moral panic.” Surveys found only a few thousand konketsuji nationwide, very few of them orphans. Yet these discoveries did little to change the tenor of “crisis.” Opposition politicians deployed wrath and fear over “blood mixing” to discredit the dominant Liberal Party and its alliance with the United States. They were abetted by an array of postwar activists who used the “crisis” to reconstruct Japanese nationalism, laid low by defeat and occupation, on a new basis: the “pure” race rather than the failed state.
Chapter Two explores how the panic over “blood mixing” inevitably embroiled not just children but women as well. Japanese women were subject to intense pressures to eschew sex and family formation with Western men, and to abort “mixed” fetuses on eugenic grounds rather than bear them to term. 1948 marked the beginning of the end of criminal prosecution of abortion in Japan. The law that inaugurated this shift, the Eugenic Protection Law (EPL), is generally viewed as an advancement in women’s rights, despite the fact that the EPL envisioned and promoted the use of abortion as a means of managing the “quality and quantity” of Japan’s population. Scholarship on the links between eugenics and the decriminalization of abortion in Japan is vast, but scholars have yet to probe deeply into how eugenic abortion was applied tocontrol—or forestall—“race mixing” after the war. Although it was politically impossible for the government to impose abortions outright on women who might be pregnant with the children of Japan’s conquerors, such women were nonetheless targeted for eugenic intervention. For these women, abortion was not an option granted in a liberal democracy concerned with women’s rights. Abortion was an imperative imposed by a diverse array of governmental and non-governmental actors united behind an ideology of “pure blood.”
Chapter Three explains how postwar scientific presses framed konketsuji born in the wake of World War II as an unprecedented presence. Geneticists, physical anthropologists, clinicians, and other researchers from the late 1940s through the 1970s deployed a “system of silences” to erase Japan’s prewar konketsuji community from view. They thereby not only constructed the Japanese as a racial community bounded by “pure blood,” but denied that the racialized nation ever had or ever could assimilate foreign elements. Scientific spokesmen effected the discursive purification of Japan despite resistance from “mixed-blood” adults who organized to contest the rising tide of racial nationalism. In the process, these scientists severely undercut the “mixed” community’s advocacy of a civically rather than biologically constituted nation.
Chapter Four contrasts the decline of race science and eugenics in the West with their efflorescence in postwar Japan, where conditions of occupation heightened the relevance of racial eugenics as a prescription for national unity and strength. It is well known that Anglophone genetics and physical anthropology were led at the mid-century by immigrants and minorities, prominently including Theodosius Dobzhansky and Ashley Montagu. Yet without comparative analysis, it is difficult to weigh the significance of this fact, or of the fact that minorities did not lead the Japanese sciences. Japanese geneticists and anthropologists whoidentified as having “pure Japanese blood” never questioned that biopolitical category or the costs it imposed on those it excluded. I argue that who practiced science counts for much more than is allowed by objectivist narratives of self-correcting scientific “progress.” My project explains for the first time why racial nationalism and an ethos of ethnic cleansing triumphed in Japan at the very moment these forces receded in other contexts.
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Cody, Patricia Anne. "Therapeutic horsemanship and children adopted from foster care : a case study analysis using mixed methods." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/29585.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the potential benefits of a therapeutic horsemanship program for children adopted from foster care and their adoptive mothers. Standardized measures, open-ended interviews and surveys were administered to determine effects on external child behavior, child self-esteem and parenting stress. The Child Behavior Checklist was administered to measure behavioral challenges in the children in this sample. There were no statistically significant changes on any of the CBCL scales. Qualitative data from the mothers, Instructors and researcher observations show some affect on behavior. The Culture Free Self-Esteem Inventory-3 was administered to measure self-esteem of the nine children in the sample. The decrease on the Global Self-Esteem Quotient of the CFSEI-3 was statistically significant using. Of the nine children, only three of them scored in the clinical range at pre-test. Of these three, two moved into the normal range and the third improved her score to be very close to the normal range. Qualitative data from the mothers, Instructors and researcher observations support this finding. The Total Stress score of the Parenting Stress Index -- Short Form for the mothers in the sample did not show a statistically significant decrease. Six of the nine mothers' pre-test and post-test scores were in the clinical range and only three had decreased post-test scores. The Qualitative data obtained through interviews, surveys and observations did not support a direct impact of the program on stress levels but rather an impact on level of support. Many mothers reported that they liked spending time with the other mothers to share resources and discuss their children. The data collected in this study does not provide sufficient evidence to make any causal statements about therapeutic horsemanship programs and children adopted from foster care. It does, however, provide support for the need for future research. The findings from this study have implications for meeting the needs of a variety of children adopted from foster and their adoptive parents.<br>text
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Baker, Janet. "Lest we forget: the children they left behind: the life experience of adults born to black GIs and British women during the Second World War." 1999. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/8408.
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An estimated 22,000 children were born in England during the Second World War as a result of relationships between British women and .American GIs. Of these children, around 1,200-1,700 were born to African .American servicemen. These figures are estimates only; the actual number of births will never be known.<br>The research study is based on personal interviews with eleven members of this cohort. The interviews explore their life experience and examines their sense of identity as ex-nuptial children, of mixed-race parentage, who had no contact with and usually little information about their GI fathers. Of the eleven mothers, over half were married with at least one other child at the time of the birth. Nine participants/respondents were raised by their mother or her extended family. Two were institutionalised. At the time of the interviews all of the respondents were either searching for, or had found, their black GI fathers.<br>This is a qualitative study which aims to bear witness to the lived experience of this cohort and to analyse the meaning individuals gave to their experience. Data collection involved personal interviews with the eleven participants. The data was then subject to a thematic analysis and the major themes and issues identified. Content analysis was undertaken using a constructivist approach.<br>The interviews are presented as elicited narrative relayed through an interpretive summary. Consistency was maintained by using common questions organised within a loose interview framework. The findings were organised around the major conceptual issues and themes that emerged from the case summaries. Common themes, including resilience, racial identity, self esteem and stress were identified.<br>The researcher has professional qualifications as a social worker and clinical family therapist. She has ten years experience in the field of adoption, including the transracial placement of Aboriginal and overseas children in Australian families. She is also a member of the researched cohort. Issues arising when the researcher is also a member of the researched cohort are discussed in the methodology.<br>The experience of this cohort suggests that despite the disadvantages of their birth, they fared better than expected. The majority demonstrated high levels of resilience, successfully developing a sense of identity that incorporated both the black and white aspects of their racial heritage. However, for some this success was only achieved at considerable personal cost, with several participants reporting relatively high levels of stress and/or stress related symptoms, such as anxiety, mental illness and heart disease.
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Lloyd, Jacqueline. "Exploring perspectives of parents on challenges of parenting children born from interracial relationships : a gestalt field perspective." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4345.
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The phenomenon of interracial couples who are also parents is on the increase in South Africa, since one in every four marriages is interracial. An empirical study was undertaken to conduct applied, exploratory, descriptive, evidence-based research to describe the perspectives of interracial parents as related to Gestalt Theory, parenting challenges and strategies towards a sense of self and cultural identity of their children.
A qualitative approach utilizing an open ended questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with six interracial parent couples was transcribed and analysed.
The study concluded that interracial parent couples’, in respect of dealing with societal-non-acceptance of themselves and their “mixed” children, utilize several strategies including avoidance and focusing on the positive; that certain aspects play a vital role in the formation of their children’s sense of self and cultural identity such as religion or faith and both parental identities.The implication of this research is that despite the challenges there are no marked effects on their children’s identity and that interracial parenting strategies must be sound.<br>Social Work<br>M.A. Diac. (Play Therapy)
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Hobbs-Russell, Marlize. "Mixed race and African parents’ experiences, challenges and coping strategies regarding the coming out of their child as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, questioning and a-sexual+ : suggestions for social work support." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26665.
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Mixed race and African South African parents of children coming out as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual, Intersex, Queer, Questioning and A-Sexual+ have a unique set of challenges within their cultural, religious and social contexts. The problem statement for the study entails that parents have to deal with familial and societal perceptions and reactions to their child coming out, face their own challenges and fears concerning their child’s sexual orientation or identity, and find coping strategies to deal with their coming out as LGBTIQA+. During my research in the UNISA library and online I found that there is a paucity of literature on this subject matter, especially within the South African context. The aim of this study was to obtain an in-depth understanding of these mixed race and African parents’ experiences, challenges and coping strategies in relation to a child coming out as LGBTIQA+.
The Resiliency Theory of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation, as linked to Hill’s Stress Theory and the Strength-based approach, were adopted as related theories within the theoretical framework of this study. A qualitative approach was employed, as I intended to gain insight into the lived experiences, challenges and coping strategies of mixed race and African South African parents in relation to a child coming out as LGBTIQA+, as well as to gain advice on social work support. A phenomenological and collective instrumental case study design, together with an explorative, descriptive and contextual strategy of inquiry, were used to explore, describe and contextualise how mixed race and African parents of LGBTIQA+ children experienced their children’s coming out, what their challenges were, and the coping strategies they employed to manage the challenges experienced. The sample of participants was selected by utilising purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews, contained in an interview guide, were used to collect the data that was analysed using Tesch’s method of analysis (in Creswell, 2014:198). The data were collected by means of individual interviews and presented in a cross-person manner using selected narratives from the participants.
Guba’s model, as espoused in Krefting (1991) and Lietz and Zayas (2010), was used and the four aspects of trustworthiness, namely credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability, were applied. Ethical considerations were observed. The findings led the researcher to make recommendations regarding social work practice, education and further research into the phenomenon of parental experiences, challenges and coping strategies in relation to a child coming out as LGBTIQA+. In terms of parental experiences of their child coming out as LGBTIQA+, I found that parents were surprised and unhappy, disappointed, pained and shocked, and fearful for their child’s safety when they realised he or she was LGBTIQA+. When it came to their challenges and fears, the parents openly admitted that what the community, church and external family would make of their child being LGBTIQA+ caused stress for them. Lastly, the parents made recommendations to social workers based on their experiences, challenges and coping strategies, indicating that social workers should focus on sharing information and guiding parents; but firstly, social workers must have self-awareness and understand their own attitudes toward LGBTIQA+ matters.<br>Social Work<br>MA (Social Work)
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Finlay, Shannon. "Exploring challenges specific to cross racial adoption in Gauteng." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2176.
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An empirical study was undertaken to conduct applied, exploratory, descriptive research to establish challenges specific to cross racial adoption in Gauteng, South Africa.
The objectives of the overall aim were:
* to conduct empirical work and to collect data through the use of focus groups with parents who have cross racially adopted, in order to explore challenges specific to cross racial adoptions
* to conduct analysis in order to describe the findings of the empirical data
* to conduct a thorough literature review on available literature pertaining to cross racial adoption
* to draw conclusions and make recommendations on the completion of the afore mentioned objectives
The empirical study demonstrated that:
* Parents who cross racially adopt do experience challenges and there are challenges specific to cross racial adoption
* A number of the challenges experienced by parents who cross racially adopt are directly linked to a lack of support throughout the adoption process
* A need exists for a comprehensive model of support for parents who cross racially adopt
The empirical study was successful in identifying, exploring and describing challenges experienced by parents who cross racially adopt in Gauteng.<br>Social work<br>M.Diac.(Play Therapy)