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1
Wagner, Jens. "Guides of the Falu Mine : Perceptions of Differences and Similarities onDomestic and International Visitors". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Turismvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-11688.
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Industrial heritage tourism has been in focus for many academic studies and tourism is an alternative developmental tool for mines and contributes to their economic success. This thesis is about the Falu Mine in Dalarna, Sweden, which has World Heritage status since 2001 and is one of the biggest attractions in the region. Its history and cultural importance are reasons for the importance of preserving the heritage. The Falu Mine is under the management of the Great Copper Mountain Trust and one of their ambitions is to ensure the continuous popularity among domestic and international visitors. In order to gain a better understanding of the visitors and to find strategies to improve performance, a visitor survey has been conducted in the summer of 2011. It is the authors believe that the guides of the Falu Mine have the best available insight and that their perceptions help to add to the understanding about the visitors. Therefore, this thesis aims to explore the perceptions of the guides about their visitors, to investigate how the perceptions correspond to the statistical results and to study if there are any differences between domestic and international visitors. The mixed methods approach will increase the depth and accuracy of the results, by linking qualitative with quantitative data. The results show that differences between domestic and international visitors exist, both proven by interviews with the guides and the visitor survey. These differences occur in the factors, such as level of education of the visitors, group size and number of children in the group, knowledge of the visitors prior to and after the visit, sources of information and the fulfillment of the visitor expectations. The perceptions emphasize how these differences impact the guided tours. The guides of the Falu Mine have to be aware of those differences in order to adjust the tour accordingly, as well as the management of the Falu Mine can use this knowledge in order to identify strategies for improving performance.
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Ahlsén, Gahns Malin y Johan Olsson. "Current and future shopping conditions in Sälen". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Kulturgeografi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-11970.
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Going from having bought the most essential at the small shops close to home, better communications and an increasingly consumption oriented lifestyle has created a change in shopping behavior and has led to phenomenon such as shopping centres and more. These are constantly being built in Sweden: in the cities, outside the cities and more recently even in small cities -small cities as for one reason or another have access to a larger customer base which can have businesses to flourish economically. During the first decade of the 21st century, shopping centres have been established along the Swedish/Norwegian border. Since the Norwegian Krone is much stronger than the Swedish Krona Norwegians save a great deal of money on going to Sweden to shop. During the shopping trips to Sweden, it is mostly alcohol, meat, tobacco and candy that are being bought. However, other products such as clothing, technology, household appliances and more are also being purchased, all to save money on the trip. Together these cross border shoppers spent 11, 6 billion in Sweden during the year of 2010. This gives an average spending of approximately 10 900 SEK per cross border shopper on annual basis. Nordby, Töcksfors and Charlottenberg (small cities located in southwestern Sweden) are places characterized by Norwegian cross border shopping. Together, they generate billions every year and this only seems to increase. These places are relatively small in size but have prominent attributes such as proximity to the Norwegian border. Apart from these resorts and shopping centres, there are few or none similar places near the Norwegian border in the rest of Sweden. However, a place which is geographically well located and has a relatively large Norwegian and Swedish customer base is the ski resort of Sälen in west central of Sweden. Sälen is a village located near the Norwegian border, although fairly sparsely populated. The destination has annually about one million official guest nights, based on the 414 000 visitors who stay an average of about 4, 5 days. Per visit, these tourists individually spend an average of 862 SEK on shopping at the destination. The expenditure of the mountain tourists together with the Norwegian border shoppers makes it very interesting to explore the opportunities for shopping development in terms of a shopping centre in the region of Sälen.
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Yang, Aijun y 杨爱军. "Visitor perception of the natural environment: a case of the Laojunshan mountain areas, China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47147994.
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Mercure, Tammy. "Big Rock Candy Mountain: Photographs of the Great Smoky Mountain Tourist Towns". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1815.
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The photographer discusses the work in Big Rock Candy Mountain: Photographs from the Great Smoky Mountain Tourist Towns, her Master of Fine Arts exhibition held at the Reece Museum, Johnson City, Tennessee from September 22 to December 18, 2009. The exhibition consists of 17 large-scale color Archival Inkjet Prints edited from a large body of work done in the tourist towns surrounding the Great Smoky Mountains.
Topics include the historical and contemporary artistic influences on the work, examining the work of Jacques-Henri Lartigue, Weegee, Martin Parr, and Joel Sternfeld. A short history of the area, the subject of tourism pertaining to the work, and works from the exhibition are also discussed.
Included is the complete catalogue of the Big Rock Candy Mountain exhibit.
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Curto, Justin. "Resident Perceptions of Tourism in a Rapidly Growing Mountain Tourism Destination". Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2904.
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It is generally agreed that tourism results in both positive and negative impacts for residents of tourism destinations. There is a need to study resident perceptions of tourism because local residents are the ones who are most directly affected by tourism (Haywood, 2000; Simmons, 1994; Snaith and Haley, 1999). The study of resident perceptions is also valuable in that it can illuminate the views of those whose views are not otherwise heard. Several dozen studies have examined residents' perceptions of tourism and the vast majority of these studies have been rooted in positivism and apply quantitative methods. Recently a growing body of research has emerged which examine residents' perceptions of tourism from a qualitative research approach. The intent of this study is to determine residents' perceptions of tourism in a rapidly growing mountain tourism destination. The Collingwood region of Ontario was used as the case study for this research. Specifically, this study examines residents' views on the current rate of growth, the costs and benefits of tourism, tourism as an economic development strategy, and the theoretical frameworks which might help to explain tourism in the Collingwood region.
This study is based on three research approaches which include qualitative inquiry, grounded theory, and explanatory case study research. Triangulation of data sources was used to examine the case from multiple perspectives and include a qualitative content analysis of the local newspaper, semi-structured interviews with residents and semi-structured key informant interviews. This data was analyzed using the constant comparative method.
The analysis resulted in the emergence of four major themes including growth, economic, political, and environmental. Growth was the dominant theme discussed by residents and some of the prevalent sub-themes include the lack of affordable housing, infrastructure problems, residential development, and new amenities and services. Some of the sub-themes include the economic benefits of tourism and economic development. Residents' vision for the future and their views on the Collingwood town council are political sub-themes discussed. The two significant environment issues which emerged were concerns over a new resort and housing development and the rapid rate of golf course development. Additionally, residents were asked what types of tourism they consider desirable and the two dominant forms which surfaced were nature/ecotourism and cultural tourism.
The analysis of the findings revealed that residents interviewed view tourism as one component of a larger system of growth and development within the Collingwood region. It was also revealed that most residents were more concerned about the rate and scale of development rather than the type of growth occurring in the Collingwood region. Furthermore, residents' recognize the complex nature of tourism impacts, and identify several indirect and induced impacts which result from tourism. This analysis also revealed that the lack of affordable housing within the region impacts both permanent residents and seasonal migrant workers. Two theoretical frameworks which were examined in relation to tourism in the Collingwood region include chaos systems theory and growth machine theory.
Three recommendations resulted from the research and include the creation of a tourism and urban growth policy and planning committee, a comprehensive affordable housing strategy, and the targeting of small and mid-sized business development.
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Weber, Annalisa D. "Rule-Adherence Within the Mountain Gorilla Tourism Industry". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1431016645.
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Cousquer, Glen Olivier. "Knowing the mule : faring well in Moroccan mountain tourism". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31192.
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The emergence of the mule's role as a beast of burden working in mountain tourism is founded on our appreciation of this species' great attributes as a means of transport in the mountain environment. Our appreciation of mules does not always extend to their care and welfare. This is particularly true of the mountain tourism industry in Morocco, where this study is situated. Why has there been a collective absencing of the mule from the consciences of those involved in this industry? In seeking to answer this question and in moving towards the question of how the mountain tourism industry can be more present to the mule and to mule welfare, this thesis explores the multiple ways in which we know the mule. Drawing on a ten-year engagement with the industry, extensive ethnographic fieldwork in the High Atlas and an Action Research initiative supporting tour operators as they develop and implement welfare policy and practice, this thesis explores how mule welfare can be viewed as emerging from a multiplicity of practices that, in failing to cohere, become subject to negotiation and ontological politics. An alternative community approach based on dialogue is evoked that might allow a consensus to emerge over how welfare should be practised. The thesis focuses on the quality of the relationship between mules and humans. It emphasises the importance of genuine meeting and dialogue and the need for spaces and places in which mules and humans can come together to identify how they can establish relationships based on mutual trust and understanding rather than on control and domination. In prototyping better relationships between mules, muleteers and their employers, this thesis offers the mountain tourism industry transformative pathways toward a more equitable and sustainable co-creative project.
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Ingridsson, Björn. "From coast to mountain". Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147512.
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In a city with fast growth and development, this project aims to embody the resources of its origin and nurturing vein, Umeälv, and project its movements into the future. Through the tools of an architecture that promotes and envisions timber constructions this project searches for cues methods and composition of the traditional timber buildings in the region in conjunction of an age of prefabrication.I en stad med snabb tillväxt och utveckling, syftar det här projektet till att förkroppsliga resurserna kring dess ursprung och näringsådra, Umeälven, samt projicera dess möjligheter in i framtiden. Genom verktyg för en arkitektur som främjar träkonstruktioner söker detta projekt efter ledtrådar metoder och sammansättning av de traditionella trähusen i regionen i samband med en tid av prefabricering.
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Beedie, Paul A. "An investigation of identity formation in mountain based adventure tourism". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4315.
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Wall, Reinius Sandra. "Protected attractions : tourism and wilderness in the Swedish mountain region /". Stockholm : Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28966.
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Colton, John W. "Searching for sustainable tourism in the Caribou Mountains". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ59944.pdf.
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Otsuka, Ryoma. "Mountain Gorilla Tourism and Conservation in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda". Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263763.
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京都大学新制・課程博士
博士(地域研究)
甲第23302号
地博第283号
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科アフリカ地域研究専攻
(主査)教授 山越 言, 教授 大山 修一, 准教授 佐藤 宏樹, 助教 木下 こづえ
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Area Studies
Kyoto University
DGAM
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Kant, Kristin Mary Agnes Helen. "PAINTING THE MOUNTAINS: AN INVESTIGATION OF TOURIST ART IN NORTH AMERICA". Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/1055.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2009.Title from document title page (viewed on September 17, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains: xii, 327 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 299-321).
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Fournier, Dorothée. ""La glisse réinventée". La construction d'un territoire de sports et de loisirs : l'Oisans des années 1960 à nos jours". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS001/document.
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La définition de l’Oisans ne renvoie pas seulement à un ensemble cohérent de hauteurs mais plutôt à une symbolique autour de la montagne. L’avènement de l’alpinisme au XIXe siècle offre à ce territoire sa renommée. Processus engagé depuis le début du XXe siècle, la diffusion d’une culture de masse, transforme en profondeur les usages et la structuration économique et sociale de cette terre de pastoralisme. Elle s’accentue à partir des années 1960, faisant des pratiques de loisirs sportifs une ressource majeure de l’Oisans. Les retombées économiques des sports d’hiver incitent en parallèle l’État à mettre en œuvre une politique d’aménagement rationnel pilotée par le Plan neige. En Oisans, l’attractivité de nouveaux sites contribue à inverser les rapports de force entre les « hauts lieux » et les vallées. L’intérêt pour l’alpinisme s’étiole au profit du ski. Celui-ci, avec l’accroissement du temps libre, devient une nouvelle norme sociale et culturelle, un levier d’innovation, certes, mais qui se déploie ni de manière uniforme, ni homogène. Derrière un discours convenu, véhiculé par les agents de la transformation, se laissent entrevoir des conflits, des coopérations et des négociations à propos de la gestion des terrains de jeu. Un contexte de crise permanente s’installe, il freine bientôt les velléités de développement. La conception du progrès est contrariée dans les années 1970 par l’expression d’un courant annonciateur de nouvelles transformations. Dans le même temps, des voix s’élèvent contre l’urbanisation de la montagne, illustrant les controverses portées par ces mutations. À l’aube des années 1980 « l’esprit de la glisse » dont le snowboard, le VTT ou encore le vol libre sont des emblèmes, apporte un nouveau souffle à l’Oisans. Les représentations posées sur ces pratiques influencent les différents acteurs. Ainsi leurs contributions remodèlent l’Oisans de manière asymétrique en fonction d’une dynamique d’innovation inégalement répartie sur le territoireThe definition of Oisans does not only refer to a coherent system of heights, but to symbolism around the mountains. The arrival of mountaineering in the 19th century is what made this area famous. The spread of a mass culture began in the beginning of the 20th century and transformed deeply the uses and the economic and social structuration of this land where pastoralism prevails. This intensifies in the 1960s, when recreational sports practices became a major resource in the Oisans economy. The economic fallout of winter sports thus encouraged the State to implement a policy of rational planning managed by the Plan neige (the snow plan). In Oisans, the attractiveness of new sites contributes to reversing the ratio of power between ski resorts at high altitudes and enclosed valleys. The interest for mountaineering withers in favor of skiing. With the increase of spare time, skiing becomes a new social and cultural norm, an innovation lever which does not spread out in a similar or homogeneous way. Indeed, behind the conventional speech conveyed by the agents of the transformation, one can find conflicts, cooperation and negotiations about the administration of the playing fields. A context of permanent crisis takes hold and stops the slight hope for development. In the 1970s, the conception of progress is thwarted by the expression of a trend annunciating new transformations. Simultaneously, some concerns are expressed against the urbanization of the mountains, which illustrates the controversies carried by these mutations. In the beginning of the 1980s, the spirit of winter and board sports, including snowboarding, mountain biking or hang-gliding, bring a breath of fresh air to Oisans. The representations based on these uses influence the different actors. Thereby, their contributions remodel the Oisans area in an asymmetric way, according to an innovation dynamic, which is unevenly shared within the area
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Thulemark, Maria. "Moved by the mountains : migration into tourism dominated rural areas". Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-43914.
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Stiefvater-Thomas, Chris. "Visitor experience of industrial landscapes : heritage tourism development at Amlwch and Parys Mountain". Thesis, Bangor University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520845.
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Mohamed, Abdalsalam A. A. "Valuing natural and cultural resources for eco-cultural tourism development : Libya's Green Mountain". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2014. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20072/.
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This study focuses on achieving eco-cultural tourism development via identification and evaluation of natural, cultural and then eco-cultural resources (in terms of capital and criticality) for identifying the potential of eco-cultural tourism development and also determining the drivers of and barriers to tourism development. This is achieved through the views and perceptions of different cohorts of stakeholders. The case study is Libya's Green Mountain region (hereafter known as LGM). This study has developed a new framework for the identification and evaluation of 'Eco-Cultural Tourism Capital' (ECTC) and 'Critical Eco-Cultural Tourism Capital' (CECTC), to indicate eco-cultural tourism development potential, and also to determine the drivers of and barriers to tourism development. The framework ultimately aims to achieve eco-cultural tourism development. For the purposes of this study, eco-cultural resources are a combination of natural and cultural resources. 'Potential' means resources that can be exploited for tourism development (in this case eco-cultural resources). 'Capital' refers to resources that are perceived to have touristic value and commoditisation value. 'Critical Capital' refers to the extent to which this capital is perceived to be important, unique and non-substitutable. The study found that many of the eco-cultural resources in LGM can be considered as ECTC because they have touristic value which refers to recreational, cultural, historical, health and other value. Such ECTC are considered CECTC because they are important, unique and non-substitutable. CECTC indicates the potential for eco-cultural tourism development and needs to be more carefully focused as well as managed and developed sustainably. There are many factors that encourage tourism development which are considered drivers of tourism development in LGM. On the other hand, there are barriers facing tourism development regarding the local community and lack of infrastructure, facilities and services. Determining drivers and barriers helps to identify the key elements that should be considered and involved in achieving eco-cultural tourism development. Therefore, for developing eco-cultural tourism in LGM, it is necessary to identify potential, local community involvement, investment, and take advantage of the drivers. The results of the study can be applied in other destinations where eco-cultural tourism is underdeveloped. This study contributes to the literature in regard to eco-cultural tourism development and its potential. It explains the ideas of ECTC and CECTC and how they can be used for developing eco-cultural tourism. It then develops a framework for developing eco-cultural tourism. The study also contributes to the body of knowledge about tourism industry in Libya and LGM and eco-cultural tourism in particular.
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Romero, Benjamin. "The Social Impact of Tourism on Small Rural Communities - Apuseni Mountain Region, Romania". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522340096298723.
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Bourgie, Marie-Claude. "Community forest management in a mountain resort context, the compatibility of timber and tourism". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61536.pdf.
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Böhme, Steffi. "Factors influencing tourism sustainability : The case of the World Heritage Falun Great Copper Mountain". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Turismvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-14732.
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This thesis focuses on identifying hindrances of achieving a sustainable tourism development on a base of a World Heritage Site. Using a case study of the World Heritage Site Falun Great Copper Mountain, the thesis assesses the situational context by using qualitative methods. Five semi- structured interviews with influential stakeholders were conducted to get an inside view of the current situation and to identify site-specific issues. The thesis identifies a number of factors that determine the successful implementation of measures leading towards sustainable tourism in the long-run; the most important being the lack of clear guidelines for the whole destination and no holistic planning approach within the municipality. The thesis concludes that despite the increased pressures towards establishment of sustainable tourism, the concept remains challenging to operationalize for the World Heritage Site without frameworks and tools from UNESCO.
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Villermet, Jean-Marc. "Dynamiques et enjeux au sein d'un village de montagne : l'espace Grand Arc - Lauzière, aux portes de la Maurienne (mi XIXe - début XXI e s.)". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH042.
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Etudier les dynamiques et enjeux au sein d’un village de montagne, en Savoie, engendre une réflexion plus générale sur des questionnements importants de l’époque contemporaine. Jean-Marc Villermet a choisi d’aborder ce sujet pour plusieurs raisons : son attachement à cette région, la proximité des archives, le désir de réactiver le chantier de l’aménagement du territoire en altitude.Il s’intéressa à une région désertée, bien que située dans un espace montagnard réputé pour la qualité de ses sites dans une dimension internationale. Jamais la transformation et les mutations économiques et sociales des zones montagnardes en difficulté, souvent qualifiées d’immobiles, n’ont véritablement été étudiées pour elles-mêmes sous cet angle. Cela semblait donc une piste à la fois nouvelle et tout à fait digne d’intérêt ; d’autant que, situé en Maurienne, le territoire sur lequel se pencha l’auteur demeure aujourd’hui marginal, à l’écart des grands flux touristiques.Ainsi, à partir des années 1860, période où la Savoie devint française jusqu’aux mutations du XXIe siècle, Jean-Marc Villermet a voulu montrer toute la relativité des concepts classiques, voire datés, d’immobilisme ou d’archaïsme, y compris pour un espace montagnard « en souffrance ». Il en étudia les métamorphoses dans toute leur complexité.Cette analyse fine vise à comprendre comment les processus économiques et sociaux ont été portés, vécus et perçus par les individus et comment ils se sont manifestés dans l’espace. Le terrain choisi, l’espace Grand Arc - Lauzière, identifié par le village de Montsapey, dans le canton d’Aiguebelle, sur la rive droite de l’Arc, répond aux critères recherchés : ceux d’une région d’altitude traversée par la déprise rurale depuis un siècle, relativement isolée, bordée en amont et en aval par d’autres territoires beaucoup plus dynamiques.La démarche adoptée se situe au carrefour de plusieurs écoles historiques. Se référant au changement dans sa globalité, ce travail se nourrit des enseignements des grandes thèses classiques d’histoire relatives aux mutations économiques et sociales. Par ailleurs, se réclamant de la micro histoire, l’auteur en utilise les apports et les éclairages.Les sources exploitées proviennent du dépôt des archives départementales de la Savoie et des archives communales sur le territoire étudié. Celles-ci sont confrontées aux documents émanant de différents centres d’archives à Paris. La presse nationale et régionale apporte des éclairages intéressants. Un important travail de collecte d’archives privées a également été effectué, complété par la réalisation de nombreux entretiens et d’un abondant recours à l’iconographie.Proposée dans la première partie de la thèse, l’analyse d’un territoire montagnard a priori fermé, mais en réalité ouvert sur le monde, s’avère riche d’enseignements. Jean-Marc Villermet s’est attaché à démontrer l’importance des mouvements de population en montagne dans une dimension nationale et internationale ; la circulation des hommes et des idées. Il s’agit d’évaluer les conséquences des mouvements migratoires sur l’aménagement du territoire. Les permanences et les « archaïsmes » qui perdurèrent furent accompagnés de regards neufs portés sur la montagne lorsque les hommes explorent les formes, franchissent les reliefs par la voie aérienne et souterraine ou extraient des richesses minérales.La deuxième partie est consacrée aux inéluctables tensions qui perdurèrent pour aménager le territoire : entre offre et demande de montagne. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, à l’heure de l’essor des stations de sports d’hiver dans les Alpes, soixante-dix ans de projections permirent d’élaborer des stratégies variées pour dynamiser la pente aux portes de la Maurienne. Des activités économiques pérennes furent envisagées même si elles laissèrent peu de traces durablement. La montagne constitue-t-elle alors un espace de conquête ou d’abandon ? Il y a peut-être de nouveaux concepts à imaginerAnalysing spatial dynamics and major issues in a mountain village needs to carry out a general review. Jean-Marc Villermet has chosen to study this subject for many reasons : his attachment to the area, public records going back to centuries, and a desire to promote land-use planning at high altitude.His interrest to an abandoned area, even though part of a famous wild space, is consistent with an international focus. All economic, technical and societal developments forcing mentalities and practices to change, have not yet been studied or evaluated from this perspective in moutain areas in trouble, often qualified as unmovable. This clearly is an interesting new lead to follow up on, in at much this area studied by the author remains marginal, out of the major tourism flows.In this way, from the 1860s, date of the french Savoy period, to the beginning of the XXIst century, Jean-Marc Villermet wishes to demonstrate a significant impact on relativity of conventional concepts challenging the status quo, absolute inaction, archaic procedures concerning this remaining action mountain area. The transformation must be assessed with a thorough understanding of this complexity.The narrow consideration of territories also aims to discover the economic and social process implemented, experienced and seen by different groups in society and how they occupied the territorial space. This area, Grand-Arc-Lauziere mountain, identified by Montsapey, a balcony nestled on the Arc river valley, meets the search criteria : a high-altitude isolated land subjected to an over century-long rural decline, impacted upstream and downstream by much more dynamic territories.The approach adopted is at the crossroads of historical trends. Refering to a global change, this study capitalizes on the experience and knowledge that has been accumulated under many PhDs in economic and social history. Availling himself of the micro-history, the author uses its benefits shedding light on the matter.Sources come from records filed with the local and departmental archives, faced with national archives in Paris. The national and regional daily newspapers bring a different approach. A substancial data collection was performed, supplemented with additional interviews and images.As suggested in the first part of the study, analysing major issues in a mountain village, both a closed territory and a land opened up to the World, offers a detailed and insightful account of history. Jean-Marc Villermet is committed to show the huge population swift towards cities with a national and international perspective, movements of people and flows of information. This study evaluates how migratory flows affect land-use planning. Archaic conditions and outdated practices were accompagnied by new perspectives, when people explored the mountains from the air or tunnels and underpasses, to extract mineral resources.The second part is dedicated to the ineluctable tensions that continued : the balance of supply and demand and changes in patterns of mountain request. After World War II, at a time where ski resorts were built in the French Alps, during seventy years, many essential coordinated strategies were prepared to stimulate sustainable, long-term and effective activities on the slope of the mountains around Montsapey. Today, does it reflect the values of a community on a conquered territory or a derelicted place ? An original creative effective concept has to be imagined for the future
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Martin, Niels. "Les migrations d'agrément, marqueur d'une dynamique d'après tourisme dans les territoires de montagne". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978720.
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Après un demi-siècle de tourisme de masse, les frontières installées entre " habiter " et " visiter " se fissurent de toutes parts. Les lieux touristiques attirent un nombre croissant de nouveaux habitants qui rêvent de vivre toute l'année dans une ambiance de vacances et un environnement privilégié. Ce phénomène de migrations d'agrément revêt différentes formes, que ce travail s'est attaché à mettre au jour, et s'offre à deux focales de lecture : un paradigme individuel par lequel on s'intéresse aux projets migratoires des individus, et un paradigme territorial où l'angle d'attaque sera ce que " font " les migrations d'agrément aux territoires ruraux et montagnards. Par ailleurs, notre propos sera de démontrer que les migrations d'agrément ne doivent pas être prises en tant qu'objet mais en tant que processus. Dans cette perspective, nous arguons que ce phénomène s'insère dans une dynamique de changements sociétaux profonds, que nous nommerons après-tourisme : l'un des objectifs de ce travail aura été de contribuer à la construction de ce concept en chantier. Le postulat repose sur un double rôle " inattendu " joué par le tourisme : " révéler " certains territoires en les mettant en désir d'une part, et d'autre part permettre l'émergence d'une culture des loisirs, vecteur de transformations profondes de la société. Ce double rôle a non seulement permis ce phénomène de relance du peuplement des territoires ruraux, mais engendre des recompositions des fonctions récréatives sur les territoires sur lesquelles il s'exerce. Ce sont ces dynamiques complètes que nous avons proposé de nommer trajectoires territoriales d'après-tourisme : elles nous invitent à penser différemment le développement territorial vers un modèle touristico-récréatif qui reste à inventer.
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Yachin, Jonathan Moshe. "Baking Dalarna's biking cake : Collaboration as a means for destination competitiveness, a case study of “Biking Dalarna"". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-12704.
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In the contemporary tourism industry, the competitive game is between destinations. Tourism operations struggle to remain competitive on the international market and their success depends to a large extent on other complementary and competing tourism organizations at the destination. It is the sum of the total tourism offerings at the destination which determines its attractiveness. This research explores tourism collaboration process as a means of generating destination competitiveness. The focus of the research is on the enhancing factors which contribute to the success of the collaboration and to the development of quality tourism products. The research studies the case of Biking Dalarna, a collaboration of different organizations at five biking destinations in Dalarna, Sweden. Its purpose is to develop biking tourism in the region and to make Dalarna into Sweden’s leading biking destination. It is a qualitative research; the empirical data was collected through in depth interviews with representatives of six Biking Dalarna member organizations. The qualitative data collected from the participants provides inside look into the members reflections and experience of collaborating. The findings of this research demonstrate how collaboration has improved the biking product in Dalarna and promoted solutions to development problems. The research finds the good relationship between the collaborating actors and the involvement and leadership of the regional tourism management organization as the most contributing factors to the success of Biking Dalarna. The research also suggests that a third desired outcome of collaboration, improved marketing attributes was yet to be achieved in the case of Biking Dalarna.
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Wall, Reinius Sandra. "Tourism attractions and land use interactions : Case studies from protected areas in the Swedish mountain region". Licentiate thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-954.
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Girardin, Jordan. "Travel in the Alps : the construction of a transnational space through digital and mental mapping (c. 1750s-1850s)". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10648.
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The period between the 1750s and 1830s witnessed a major change in travel practices in Europe, moving away from the traditional Grand Tour and focusing more on natural places, their visual power, and their influence on individual emotions. Such changes meant that the Alps ceased to be seen as a natural obstacle that had to be crossed in order to access Italy, and became a place to explore and a mountainous space par excellence. This thesis addresses the importance of mental mapping in travel literature and its impact on the construction of the Alps as a transnational space, which eventually facilitated the creation of a viable touristic market in the Alps as we know it today. The first part of the thesis analyses the transformation of the Alps from a natural frontier to a border region explored by travellers and their networks. The second part discusses the consequences of these changes on mental mapping and spatial representations of the Alps by travellers: it highlights the way external visitors often had very subjective interpretations of what the Alps meant as a term and a place, and conveyed those to other travellers through travel writing. Finally, the third part of this work investigates the development of an Alpine myth as a product of these shifting mental representations: the Alps became a set of expectations, typical images, and encounters to be expected.
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Schmudde, Ulrich. "The Destination Development Outcomes of Mountain Resorts on Tourism Appeal – A Case Study of German Ecotourists to Ansättfjällen, Sweden". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-13943.
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Ecotourism has increased in demand and aided destination development within many destinations over the past decade. Many Germans have shown an increase of interest in nature-based tourism, and for travelling to Scandinavia. The study examined German tourist behaviour and German visitor trends to Scandinavia. Sweden has become an attractive holiday destination for many international guests including Germans. A case study of destination Ansättfjällen was conducted regarding the low awareness level by international summer tourists. An analysis of the current situation of the destination was conducted and recommendations were provided for future solutions to improve promotion to German ecotourists. Due to the fact that such research about destination Ansättfjällen was not done previously, it was necessary to primarily use qualitative research approach and using an abductive method with a tendency to an inductive manner. Based on the tourism attractiveness, various aspects of destination development had to be examined. One of the final conclusions of the study was the need to do further research about this destination, due to being at development stage of the Butler’s Model and improve stakeholder collaboration within the destination locally and regionally.
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Young, Amanda M., University of Western Sydney, of Performance Fine Arts and Design Faculty y School of Design. "Several interpretations of the Blue Mountains : a juxtaposition of ideas over two hundred years". THESIS_FPFAD_SD_Young_A.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/607.
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In 1815 the Blue Mountains were first identified as a unique landscape when Governor Macquarie took a tour over them and located the nineteenth century principles of the Sublime and Picturesque within its' landscape. Until this time the Blue Mountains were considered to be a hostile impenetrable barrier to the West. This paper examines some of the ways the Blue Mountains has been represented in the past, and has been identified as a tourist destination through interpretations imposed on the landscape by the tourist industry since that time. The areas covered deal with the heritage of British Colonialism as a way of forming opinions about the Australian landscape. Then, the theories of the Picturesque and Sublime are examined when applied to the Blue Mountains landscape. The final chapters in this paper deal with contemporary issues that have shaped the way the tourist industry is encouraged to encounter the Blue Mountains landscapeMaster of Arts (Hons)
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Carter, S. L., Andy R. Dotterweich y Thomas J. Davis. "An Exploratory Investigation of ATV Safety Practices in the Smokey Mountain Region". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3761.
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Liu, Yin. "Personnel Instability, Personnel Management, and the Company Image of Small Tourism Enterprises in Remote Destinations : A Case Study of Abisko Mountain Lodge". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416013.
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In recent decades, tourism has been developed rapidly in the world. With such development, tourism sustainability has drawn great attention, especially in remote destinations. In Swedish Lapland, the studies have been focusing on social sustainability in terms of local communities and other external factors. Personnel as an important part of the tourism industry received less attention. Therefore, this research aims to provide an in-depth examination of the reasons behind personnel instability, personnel management, as well as maintaining the company image with personnel instability in small-sized tourism businesses in remote destinations. By using Abisko Mountain Lodge as the case, this research conducted five in-depth interviews with personnel, and one interview with the manager. The findings of this research revealed that personnel took the job without any aim for material needs, and the reasons for leaving Abisko include the location of the hotel, lack of living necessities, and emotional loneliness. Personnel management is mainly a flexible personnel strategy while a transformational leadership style plays a critical role. The company image of this case is ‘including’. Though new ideas are welcomed, the image will remain the same for all stakeholders. The limitations of this research include lack of interviews with permanent personnel and lack of nationality differentiation.
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Kandlan, Sandrin y Christine Nilsson. "Entreprenörers förmåga att nå sin målmarknad". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-24437.
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The tourism industry is a young industry in Sweden but important for the economy and a large part of the field is mountain tourism. Marketing a place is called destination marketing, which has become a huge phenomenon and an important part of efforts for promotion in the tourism industry. The entrepreneurs in the tourism industry are an important part, as these are a big part of the destination. Their marketing and communication becomes a force to reckon with in order to attract tourists to the area. The purpose of this study is to examine how entrepreneurs through destination marketing reach their target market and with the intention to identify marketing channels that the entrepreneur uses. To achieve this, two questions will be answered: How can entrepreneurs attract customers through destination marketing? Which marketing channels do business owners use to reach out to their target market in the tourism industry? The theories used in this study are destination marketing, internet marketing, services marketing, and entrepreneurs as business owners. This study’s methodology consists of four semi-structured interviews with companies operating in Åre, which is a destination where tourists can visit the mountain all year out. Also a content analysis has been done where an observation was made looking at the company’s internet marketing. The conclusion is that the entrepreneurs through collaboration can increase the demand on the destination and reach out to more tourists. The marketing channels that was used the most is digital communication, more specifically, social media like Facebook and Instagram. Also search engine optimization to get higher traffic to the corporate website is used.
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Young, Amanda M. "Several interpretations of the Blue Mountains : a juxtaposition of ideas over two hundred years /". View thesis, 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030905.170842/index.html.
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Marešová, Petra. "Rekreační cyklistika a její rozvoj pro posílení cestovního ruchu v regionu severovýchodní Čechy". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199027.
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The diploma thesis focuses on recreational cycling because it is regarded as one of possibilities how to strengthen tourism in the region of North-East Bohemia. In the theoretical part there are presented basic terms and definitions connected with the recreational cycling, also there are mentioned legislative foundations. Then, the diploma thesis presents selected institutional documents, which prove the importance of the recreational cycling. Also there are included basic facts about important organizations concerning recreational cycling and about the region of North-East Bohemia itself. The practical part focuses on existing cycling and complementary infrastructure of the region. The last chapter analyses the infrastructure and especially it provides suggestions and possible projects that would support further development of recreational cycling in the region of North-East Bohemia.
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Vuorio, Tuomas. "Information on recreation and tourism in spatial planning in the Swedish mountains : methods and need for knowledge /". Karlskrona : Östersund : Department of Spatial Planning, Blekinge Institute of Technology ; European Tourism Research Institute, 2003. http://www.bth.se/fou/forskinfo.nsf/01f1d3898cbbd490c12568160037fb62/4ae89adb95e5c2c1c1256eef0034c745!OpenDocument.
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Bastian, Olaf, Christian Stein, Gerd Lupp, Jan Behrens, Christina Renner y Karsten Grunewald. "The appreciation of nature and landscape by tourism service providers and visitors in the Ore Mountains (Germany)". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-167280.
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The paper presents empirical studies on the appreciation of nature and landscape in the Eastern Ore Mountains (Saxony, Germany) by tourism service providers (TSP) and visitors. Attractive landscape and experience of nature are the most important reasons to visit this region and to spend leisure time there. Particularly mountain meadows, raised bogs and mixed forests are highly appreciated. Deforestation, industrial development and the decline of biodiversity would reduce attractiveness for visitors. We also assessed whether the tourism sector is prepared to contribute to the funding of nature conservation and landscape management. Use of general tax revenues is favoured, but other modes would also be accepted, e.g. a nature tax. Willingness to pay (WTP) is ranging between €0.75 and €1.36 per guest per night by TSP, or between €1.06 and €2.73 per day by visitors. With respect to landscape preference and WTP we found in some cases significant differences among visitors, depending on region of residence, age and education level. A major part of the annual costs for nature conservation and landscape could be covered by public funds (taxes), if the results of the WTP approach were understood as a sign of societal demand and a call to action.
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Alexandersson, Linn. "Turismdriven centrumförskjutning? : Exempel från svenska fjällen". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161061.
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The aim of this essay is to study population change in tourism intensive mountain municipalities. Then to investigate whether center displacement takes place from the municipality center to the area with growing tourism. Areas of growing tourism have in this study been delimited to ski resorts. To answer the study’s purpose and questions, both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used. Population statistics have been used to explain population change in Swedish mountain municipalities. Population statistics showed that there are four mountain municipalities that have a shrinking population in the municipality and in the municipality center, while there is a ski resort with population growth in the municipality. These mountain municipalities are Dorotea, Malung-Sälen, Storuman and Härjedalen. Interviews with officials from these municipalities have been used as a complement to analyze the findings from the population statistics. The result of the interviews shows that the ski resorts have characteristics of being so-called ‘center’ with reference to the center-periphery model. At the same time, it also appears that the informants do not think that it is possible to talk about any tourism-driven center displacement. At least not with regard to public service. The municipality house will be remain located where it is today. Based on the given results, this essay conclude that ski resorts should be regarded as commercial centers and that the municipality center is the public center. From this aspect this study also conclude that there is possible to talk about a patriell center displacement from the municipality center to the ski resorts. Which, based on this study, is explained as commercial. The study also conclude that the commercial supply is dependent on the tourist visitors and those who work on the ski resorts, where the result shows that much of those who live in the ski resorts work in the touristindustry. In this way, the commercial center displacement also becomes tourism-driven.
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Choi, Young-Min. "The role of tourism for regional economic planning : a case study of the Harz mountain areas in the process of German unification". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308549.
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Hammed, Nizar. "Le tourisme rural au service du développement régional en Kroumirie (Tunisie) : entre potentialités locales et réalités du développement durable". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20004.
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Depuis les années 1960, la Tunisie, a développé une politique de tourisme balnéaire demasse basée principalement sur les atouts climatiques du pays et la proximité avec l’Europe. Afin dedévelopper cette politique, l’Etat a joué un rôle central en créant les institutions nécessaires et enencourageant les investissements privés et le pays a ainsi trouvé sa place en tant que destinationtouristique de référence dans le bassin méditerranéen. Cependant, avec la multiplication des offres parles pays concurrents (Maroc, Croatie, Turquie, Egypte, Grèce…), le produit balnéaire tunisiens’essouffle. Il est donc important de diversifier cette offre afin de garder et de développer la clientèle.Dans cette optique, l’Etat avait créé dans les années 1980 le pôle touristique de Tabarka-Ain Drahamavec pour objectif de dynamiser le Nord-Ouest et notamment la Kroumirie, notre zone d’étude.Aujourd’hui, ce massif de moyenne montagne reste toutefois toujours isolé et marginalisé, malgrél’existence à proximité du pôle touristique balnéaire à Tabarka, qui n’a pas pu s’imposer réellementsur la carte touristique du pays à l’instar de la côte orientale (Djerba, Sousse, Hammamet). Le tourismerural n’en demeure pas moins une vraie piste d’action pour un développement durable de la région, vules potentialités locales, à travers notamment la richesse du patrimoine culturel, naturel et historiqueTunisian balneal tourism, as it was planned, has loosen its motivity since few years and itshows its limitation since tourists are more and more unsatisfied with the environmental quality. Inaddition, Tunisian tourism can restrict to this unique product (balneal tourism) due to the highconcurrence (Turkey, Italy, Spain, Greece…). Moreover, the unstable international situation (attacks,wars…) let a part of customers to define orientations that they see it more secure; like Italy or Greece.Thus, Tunisia starts to diversify its touristic product in order to guarantee an important position for theecotourism. The appearance of this new touristic orientation allows evaluating the natural, socioculturaland popular resources of some regions. It guarantees employment and incomes to the localpopulation, money to the government without threatening natural resources. A well planned andcontrolled ecotourism allow to a region and all its local actors to develop. The ecotourism guaranteethe protection of the environment and the green and archeological spaces and at some time let theplace for tourism. With regard to the diversity of its natural landscape its remarkable fauna and flora,the Kroumirie region – located in Northwestern Tunisia – start to attract the “new tourist” who likenature. Since many years, this region has become the first interest of national and internationalassociations and organizations in order to make it an incontrovertible eco-touristic pole. In fact, theregion dispose of a multitude of natural potential as that mountains, seas, reserves, its natural park…We will introduce the region focusing its eco-touristic potentials
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Nilsson, Hanna. "Vanligt svensk eller ovanligt exotisk? : En studie om fjällturismens tillväxtfas i Norrbotten under 1950-1960-talen". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-71694.
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The county of Norrbotten has a distinctive profile in the tourist business. In this paper, the previous two separate research fields exotification and mountain tourism is studied. The purpose was to determine whether mountain tourism was used to exotify Norrbotten during the growthphase of mountain tourism in the 1950s and 1960s. Through a qualitative text analysis, the study shows that there are exotic gestures that often become a counterpole to the rest of Sweden's society. The study reveals a focus on culture in the early 1950s, after which the mountain tourism is characterized by nature contexts. Romantic landscape descriptions then form the mountain tourism and its narration of the county during the 1960s. What is perceived as Sami culture, such as reindeer, and traditional costumes is therefore often illustrated together with snow during the chosen time period. The conclusion is that mountain tourism is presented as something exotic and different during its growth phase.
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Dotterweich, Andy R. "An Economic Analysis of the Village of Stone Mountain Bluegrass, Old-Time Music, and Country Dance Festival". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3809.
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Ndlovu, Ndukuyakhe. "Incorporating indigenous management in rock art sites in KwaZulu -Natal /". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1380/.
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Mejzini, Ilirjana A. "The SHARR Mountains : Spatial Development based on Cross-border Cooperation". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4221.
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For decades, the peaks of Sharr Mountains had defined the border between two federal units of Former Yugoslavia, but after the political changes in Central and Eastern European Countries this massif became an intersected mountain. In this thesis work I saw of interest to analyze the status change from a massif unit as part of one state, to a cross-border mountain between two states and its affect on spatial development; - was there any cooperation on mountain management in the past; - how is the current mountain management proceeding on both sides; - which were the opportunities of cross-border cooperation in previous European experiences; - what can be expected from independent mountain side management on report to other side without any environmental assessment; and in the end to find and highlight the possible cross-border cooperation opportunities toward sustainability and eco-management of the Sharr Mountains in the future.Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning DSP - Officer for International Cooperation Prishtina - Kosovo tel: + 381 38 517 712
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Anderson, Jennifer Leigh. "Lives, Livelihoods, and Landscapes: A Study of Land Use and Social Change in Northeastern Nepal". PDXScholar, 2006. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2238.
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This thesis explores the forces of change in lives and landscapes that have altered the Lamosangu-to-Everest route in northeastern Nepal and shows how a transect in photographs and conversations across the east-central Himalaya allows us insight and a greater understanding into the processes and consequences of this change.
Three forces of change over the last twenty-five years dominated discussions with local informants: the rise of the "People's War"-Nepal's Maoist Insurgency beginning in 1996; the Democratic Revolution of 1990; and dependence on tourism for livelihood after the establishment of Sagarmatha National Park in 1976. Understanding the cultural-historical context for these forces is necessary to understand the concerns of today's residents living along the Lamosangu-to-Mount Everest Base Camp transect.
The visual and ethnographic evidence discussed in this thesis takes a larger role than strict analysis of conspicuous large-scale land use change and I hope the comparative 200 I images will be used as benchmarks for future research as well as for further exploration into the ways people and place have been represented.
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Gou, Shiwei. "A CULTURAL LANDSCAPE APPROACH FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF A WORLD HERITAGE SITE: CASE STUDY OF THE NAKAHECHI ROUTE IN THE KII MOUNTAIN RANGE, JAPAN". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225767.
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Řeháková, Jana. "Udržitelný rozvoj cestovního ruchu v CHKO Železné hory". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358834.
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The thesis deals with the issue of sustainable tourism development in protected landscape area of the Iron Mountains. The main objective is to evaluate the current status and potential of the region on issues of sustainable tourism development, sustainable forms of tourism and evaluate conservation in the PLA Iron Mountain. The theoretical part is devoted to sustainable development, sustainable development of tourism and the area of the Iron Mountains. The practical part is to map the nature and landscape protection in the PLA Iron Mountain with regard to small-scale protected areas and analyze friendly forms of tourism. Followed by evaluation of the awareness of sustainable development of the territory by questionnaire from the perspective of local public administration in tourism, residents PLA and business owners. Last theoretical part is the SWOT analysis and recommendations for the future.
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Krykorková, Petra. "Analýza rozvoje hipoturistiky v regionu Českolipsko a Jizerské hory". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114037.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the current state of horseback riding tourism in the region of Liberec, focusing on Česká Lípa and Jizerské mountains. Secondary objectives include offering a summary of theoretical knowledge about horseback riding as a form of tourism; monitoring activities of the Equestrian Trails Association of Liberecký region and giving analysis of Liberecký region; analysis of supply of services connected with horseback riding tourism and analysis of demand for these services. The thesis should help people interested in horseback riding as well as owners of horse back riding facilities. It should mention the role of horses and the difficulty of their breeding, give the characteristics of Liberecký region, map the current state of equestrian trails, monitor the situation of services offered and demanded and compare the situation with other regions and an example from abroad.
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Jacquemet, Etienne. "La société sherpa à l’ère du « Yak Donald’s » : lutte des places pour l’accès aux ressources dans la région touristique de l’Everest (Népal)". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30026/document.
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Au-delà des représentations et des pratiques des alpinistes et trekkeurs, toujours plus nombreux, les conditions du développement et de la pérennisation du système touristique associées à la région népalaise de l’Everest – le Khumbu – semblent de plus en plus reposer sur la valorisation de ressources comme l’eau, l’électricité et l’emplacement foncier. Source de revenus considérables pour les populations locales, et plus particulièrement pour les hébergeurs touristiques, l’accès à ces différentes ressources ne va pourtant pas de soi. Tous les acteurs n’occupent pas les mêmes positions, ni ne possèdent les mêmes moyens pour les valoriser. Cet accès aux ressources, et par extension à de nouvelles positions socio-spatiales, donne lieu à de multiples stratégies fondées sur les capitaux, compétences et intérêts de chacun. Dans cette petite région, néanmoins hautement symbolique, ces stratégies d’accès aboutissent à une lutte des places entre d’une part les membres de la communauté sherpa – qui revendiquent une position d’insiders mais se déploient à l’extérieur du Khumbu par des modes d’habiter très polytopiques –, et d’autre part, de nouvelles populations originaires des basses vallées, en position d’outsiders, qui cherchent à s’y implanter. Dans le contexte d’un espace de plus en plus ouvert sur le monde, en pleine recomposition sociodémographique et culturelle, ce qu’incarne le « Yak Donald’s » – l’un des nombreux nouveaux pubs implantés dans la région –, se pose ainsi la question du partage et de la gouvernance des ressources et des revenus de ce haut-lieu du tourisme. Loin d’être passifs, mais plutôt à l’origine de ces nouvelles dynamiques, cette thèse montre comment les manipulateurs de symboles sherpas contrôlent encore largement le territoire et l’économie du tourismeBeyond the representations and practices of mountaineers and trekkers, conditions for the development and functioning of the touristic system linked to the Nepalese Mount Everest area (the Khumbu region) seem to be increasingly based upon resources such as water, electricity and property. With the rise of tourism, these various resources are source of considerable incomes for local populations, especially for lodge owners. However, sharing these resources is not simple. First, the different actors do not occupy the same positions in relation to them. Second, they don’t have the same capacities (i.e., capital and skills) to exploit them. Eventually, they do not have the same interests depending on their social status, so their cooperation is not always guaranteed. In this small but highly symbolic region, local access to resources leads to “locational struggles” (Lussault, 2009). This struggle opposes members of the Sherpa community - who claim to be deeply rooted inhabitants, but whose ways of life are very polytopic – and on the other hand, new populations from the lower valleys, who seek to establish themselves within the Khumbu region. In the context of intense interrelations with the rest of the world, as well as wide socio-demographic and cultural changes, which is embodied in one of the many new pubs established in the region; the "Yak Donald's", this questions the good resources governance of this tourist hub. Far from being passive, but rather very proactive, this thesis shows how the Sherpas still control the territory and its touristic economy
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Linde, Azanne. "A spatially integrated approach for tourism planning and marketing in rural mountainous areas : the Montagu region". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52135.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to identify marketable tourism products in rural mountainous regions, specifically the Montagu region. These products could stimulate economic growth, because it would provide the means for integrated regional tourism planning and improved marketing strategies. An integrated approach was adopted, implying that environmental, economic and entrepreneurial components were considered in the research. The environmental component refers to the identification and spatial location of existing and potential tourism resources. The economic component involves the selection and combination of resources for the construction of specific tourism packages. The entrepreneurial component refers to consideration of the opinions of the local community. The gathering of environmental data involved the identification of potential tourism resources in rural mountainous regions. Economic data was collected through a questionnaire survey among tour operators, tour brokers and marketers to determine which resources should be grouped together to create marketable tourism products. Data selection on entrepreneurial matters involved a survey among farm owners to determine their perceptions with regards to agri-tourism. Analysis of the data encompassed the creation of a spatial data base by using the raster capabilities of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Each thematic layer in the data base represented the approximate location of a specific tourism resource in the Montagu region. Values were then allocated to different layers according to the importance of each resource within a specific tourism package (average rating as determined by tour operators, brokers and marketers). This enabled the creation of a map for each type of tourism package, as well as a regional map showing the spatial location and concentration of highly rated tourism resources. It was found that, by following this process, the spatial representation of resource preferences for specific packages did not reveal as much variability as would be expected. This was due to the tendency that certain resources were consistently rated highly important for inclusion, notwithstanding the type of package. It was also due to the fact that a number of resources, irrespective of its rating, sometimes occurred in areas with close proximity. However, these maps still provided a good spatial representation of important resources, making it useful for the production of marketing brochures on specific packages. The regional map is useful for tourism planning and marketing in the region as a whole. It gives a spatial interpretation of the geographical concentration of important tourism resource areas in the region. It also facilitates the identification of specific areas where highly rated tourism resources occur, but where tourism has not yet been developed to its full potential. The collection and analysis of environmental, economic and entrepreneurial data made it possible to determine which resources are required to construct marketable tourism products. Ultimately, important tourism resource areas in a specific rural mountainous region were identified through a scientific process of quantification and map production.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie navorsmg was om bemarkbare toerismeprodukte in landelike, bergagtige streke te identifiseer, meer spesifiek die Montagustreek. Hierdie produkte kan ekonomiese groei stimuleer, want die ontwikkeling daarvan kan 'n wyse voorsien om geintegreerde toerismebeplanning en verbeterde bemarkingstrategiee op streeksvlak te verseker. 'n Meer holistiese benadering is gevolg, waarmee bedoel word dat omgewingsekonomiese en ondernemingskwessies tydens die navorsing in ag geneem is. Die omgewingskomponent verwys na die identifisering en ruimtelike ligging van bestaande en potensiele toerismehulpbronne. Die ekonomiese komponent behels die seleksie en kombinering van hulpbronne vir die konstruksie van spesifieke toerismepakkette. Die ondernemingskomponent verwys na die oorweging van die persepsies van die plaaslike gemeenskap. Die insameling van omgewingsdata het die identifikasie van potensiele toerismehulpbronne in landelike, bergagtige streke behels. Ekonomiese data is met behulp van 'n vraelysopname onder toeroperateurs, toermakelaars en bemarkers verkry om te bepaal watter hulpbronne saamgegroepeer moet word om bemarkbare toerismeprodukte te skep. Die insameling van data oor ondernemingskwessies het 'n opname onder plaaseienaars behels om sodoende hulle persepsies ten opsigte van agritoerisme te bepaal. Analisering van data het die skep van 'n ruimtelike databasis behels waar van die roosterfunksies van Geografiese Inligtingstelsels (GIS) gebruik gemaak IS. Elke tematiese laag III die databasis het die benaderde ligging van 'n spesifieke toerismehulpbron in die Montagustreek voorgestel. Die waardes wat aan verskillende vlakke toegeken is, was in ooreenstemming met die belangrikheid van elke hulpbron binne 'n spesifieke pakket (gemiddelde gewig soos bepaal deur toeroperateurs, makelaars en bemarkers). Sodoende is 'n kaart vir elke tipe toerismepakket geskep, sowel as 'n streekskaart wat die ruimtelike ligging en konsentrasie van toerismehulpbronne wat hoog aangeslaan is, aandui.
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Kern, Christine Luise y n/a. "Demarketing as a tool for managing visitor demand in national parks: an Australian case study". University of Canberra. Languages, International Studies & Tourism, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061114.125254.
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Nature-based tourism and recreation is a growing phenomenon around the world. In
Australia, nature-based tourism represents an important part of the tourism sector and is to
a large extent dependent on protected areas such as World Heritage areas, marine parks
and national parks. While tourism and recreation can benefit protected areas, some are
under pressure from visitation and marketing should play a role in managing visitor
demand. To this end, a number of authors have suggested demarketing as a management
tool to address situations of excess visitor demand, however, research on demarketing in
protected areas is limited. To address this research gap, this thesis examines the use of
demarketing in Australian national parks that face excess visitor demand using a case study
on the Blue Mountains National Park. The thesis investigates factors that contribute to high
visitor demand for the park, the use of demarketing to manage demand and factors that
influence when and how demarketing is applied. Demarketing is that aspect of marketing
that deals with discouraging customers in general or a certain class of customers in
particular on either a temporary or permanent basis. In protected areas specifically,
demarketing is concerned with reducing visitor numbers in total or selectively and
redistributing demand spatially or temporarily.
Six factors that contribute to high visitor demand for the national park were identified
including the attractiveness of the park, its proximity to Sydney and the fact that the park is
a renowned destination with icon sites. It was established that no holistic demarketing
strategy is currently employed in the park and that the demarketing measures that are
applied are not consciously used as demarketing. The measures used in the Blue Mountains
National Park were discussed according to their association with the marketing mix
components (4 Ps). Demarketing measures related to �product� include limiting
recreational activities by defining specific areas where they can be conducted, limiting the
duration of activities and closures of sites or features in the park. The measures related to
�place� are the use of a booking system, limiting visitor numbers and group sizes,
commercial licensing and limiting signage. Measures related to �price� are not extensively
used in the park. The promotional demarketing measures applied include stressing
restrictions and appropriate environmental behaviour in promotional material and nonpromotion
of certain areas or experiences in the park. Importantly, these demarketing
measures are not employed across the whole park or for all user groups, but are used for
certain experiences in specific contexts and circumstances.
Three types of factors influence the use of demarketing in the Blue Mountains National
Park: pragmatic considerations, resource considerations and stakeholder interests.
Pragmatic considerations include the feasibility and effectiveness of certain demarketing
measures, which are influenced by the specific context of the national park. Resource
considerations relate to financial, human and temporal resources and the findings suggest
that a lack of resources influences and at times inhibits the use of demarketing measures. It
was also found that various stakeholders have a profound influence on the use of
demarketing measures. The stakeholder groups have diverse interests and therefore
influence the use of demarketing in different ways by supporting or impeding certain
measures.
Based on the findings and limitations of this study, recommendations for government and
future research are made. These emphasise among others the need for more consistent and
comprehensive collection of visitor information to tailor management actions more
effectively. It is also suggested that a more conscious and holistic application of
demarketing measures may help to manage visitor demand to parks proactively to ensure
that the resource remains for future generations.
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Wu, Yi-Ching y 吳宜靜. "The Motivation of Nostalgia Tourists: A Case Study of Tourism on the Old Mountain Line Railway". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xg7ww7.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
休閒運動研究所碩士班
102
This study explores the motivations and satisfaction of visitors to Sheng-Hsing Station, Miaoli, Taiwan. For this purpose, the study used a detailed survey, conducted from the 17th to the 19th of August, 2012. 13 tourists refused to answer and 5 questionnaires were invalid owing to being incomplete; a total of 571 usable responses were collected by means of structured questionnaire. This paper adopted the ‘leisure mo-tivation scale’ to measure motives. Data analyses were per-formed using SPSS 18.0. Mainly descriptive findings were shown as follows: 57.1% were female; 51.8% were married; 28.2% aged from 21 to 30 years old; 55.2% were university-level educated; 24.2% had a career in business; 28.5% live in the greater Taichung area; and 39.4% had monthly income of NT$20,001 to 40,000. Tourists’ recreational satisfaction averaged 5.35. (S.D.=1.15, N=571, range=1-7). A market segmentation approach was used to examine the Taiwan railway travel market by utilizing the push and pull motivation factor. The results of factor analysis identify 4 push and 1 pull factor dimensions. Among them, ‘Learning’ (variance=33.88%) and ‘Relaxation’ (variance =10.61%) are seen as the most important factors. A factor analysis confirmed five dimensions of ‘Learning’, ‘Relaxation’, ‘Self-actualization’, ‘Socialization’, and ‘Experience’. The finding indicates that the major tourism motivation factors were ‘To relieve daily stresses and ‘To enjoy outstanding scenery’. According to the cluster analysis result there are 4 district segments within in the railway travel market ‘Multi-purpose tourist’, ‘Experience & relaxation tourist’, ‘Self-actualization & knowledge tourist’ and ‘Casual tourist’. The findings also contribute to the tourism literature of the travel motivation and satisfaction of the railway travel market.
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Chang, Po-Sue y 程柏舒. "Tourists’ Nostalgic Emotion and it’s Influence Factors in Heritage Tourism－A study of Old Mountain Railway". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25029004920471491595.
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碩士亞洲大學
休閒與遊憩學系碩士班
94
At the end of the 90s, people were afraid of the advent of the end of the century; on the other hand, they looked ahead with vision for the new century, while at the same time looking back to the 20th century relentlessly. Thus, the turn of the century gave birth to retrospection and the need for contemplation of the nostalgia. The trend of retrospection is now enormous. It has become a great focus of the contemporary popular culture, and the majority of people are seeking comfort from the nostalgia. Under such circumstances, traveling provides a great relief, both physically and mentally. Therefore, what are the characteristics of these historical tourists? What are the components of the emotions that motivate looking back? What are the factors that have great impact on the emotions that hold on to the nostalgia? The objective of this research is to study the characteristics of the historical tourists, and to gain a better understanding of the emotions that cling to the nostalgia and their influences. This research adopted the method of the literature review, in which to structuralize relations between the emotions that cling to the nostalgia and their influences. There are three categories of the emotions that cling to the nostalgia; and they are: the space of the nostalgia, the time of the nostalgia and the emotion of the nostalgia. As for the influences, they are tourist motive, tourist attitude, tourist preference, age, revisit frequency, feelings of being overcrowded and so on. This research was conducted at the sampling locations around the Sheng Shing train station of the Miaoli nostalgia mountain-line on March, 2006. The number of returned valid questionnaires is 201. Based on this research, the ratio of the male and female historical tourists is quite equal, and the age group varies from the year of 1971 to 1980 as the main tourist group. Within this main tourist group, those with education have attained at least the college level, and as far as their marital status is concerned, most of them are childfree. They are classified as the middle class, with a monthly income of less than NTD $40,000. The emotions that cling to the nostalgia, within the historical tourists, consist of the three elements of space, time and emotion. They include contemplating the nostalgia time zone through the usage of symbols to represent the space in the nostalgia in order to show an ideal state of the world; however, the emotions that cling to the nostalgia also involve positive emotions, such as coziness and warmth, as well as the serenity that brings valuable leisure, and which all men are pursuing. The factors that impact the emotions from the nostalgia of a tourist are tourist motive, tourist attitude, and tourist preference. The research also indicates that age has a positive influence on the emotions from the nostalgia, but the factors of overcrowding and revisit frequency have a negative impact on it.