Literatura académica sobre el tema "Mouth Cancer Chemotherapy"

The mouth contributes to nutrition, respiration, and communications but it also contains potential pathogens that threaten other parts of the body. It is readily accessible to spot early signs of immune, endocrine, haematological, gastrointestinal, metabolic, and neoplastic disorders. Teeth are destroyed rapidly by the sugar-laden diets and poor oral hygiene that are common occurrences among residents of long-term care facilities. Moreover, the adverse effect of rampant dental caries from medications that disturb salivary flow is too often overlooked by physicians and pharmacists. Oral cancer causes more deaths than each of colorectal, gastric, prostate, and breast cancers, while oral mucositis can be an excruciatingly painful side effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Overall, impairments and disabilities of the mouth and teeth influence physical and cognitive homeostasis and frailty, whereas effective management of oral disorder is an essential component of good geriatric care for successful ageing and quality of life in old age.

An understanding of the main aspects and functions of the immune system is important, i.e. physical barriers, innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immunity (see Chapter 6, Basic Immunology), when caring for the immunocompromised patient. In adults, secondary immunodeficiency is much more common than primary, and is most often due to iatrogenic immunosuppression with drugs, e.g. corticosteroids, chemotherapy agents, immunosuppressive agents, ‘biological’ therapies. For example, treatment with corticosteroids for more than one month is enough to increase the risk of some fungal infections such as Candida and Pneumocystis jirovecii, such that PCP prophylaxis should be considered in patients receiving ≤ 20mg/day prednisolone for four or more weeks. Chemotherapy and immunosuppressive agents may cause profound immunosuppression. The degree and duration of immunosuppression following a transplant, and the conditioning regimen used before the transplant varies with respect to the type of transplant: heart and lung transplant recipients typically receive more significant immunosuppression, and so are at increased risk of opportunistic infection compared to other solid-organ transplant recipients. Infections (e.g. HIV), cancer, and autoimmune disorders and the treatment of these conditions can also affect the immune system. Other diseases are also considered immunosuppressive although the exact nature of this is less well defined, for example, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus increases the risk of candidal infections and common bacterial infections. Cirrhosis is also considered to be a relatively immunosuppressed state. Understanding the nature of immune defects in both primary and secondary immunodeficiency allows more accurate prediction of overall infection risk and risk of specific pathogens, allowing a rational approach to infection prevention and investigation when patients become unwell. The initial assessment of the immunocompromised host should be to identify why the patient is immunocompromised, how long they have been immunocompromised (is it a congenital or acquired immunodeficiency?), and whether there is potential for immune recovery. Clearly, a person with a congenital immunodeficiency will have lifelong susceptibility to specific infections, unlike an acquired deficiency due to chemotherapy or transplantation which may be transient. If the immunosuppression is due to a drug, is it possible to reduce or change the immunosuppression? If an infection is suspected, pre-immunosuppression infection screening results can help identify whether the current presentation represents reactivation of a latent infection or primary infection.

Abstract Introduction The global threat caused by COVID-19 pandemic and the unprecedented lockdown imposed had created emotional stress among the breast cancer patients with dilemma regarding risk of progression of cancer due to interruptions of standard medical care and panic about acquiring the COVID-infection during their frequent visits to the hospital. Objectives We conducted a questionnaire-based study to assess the psychological impact in this situation affecting their quality of life and their perspective in this current situation. Materials and Methods Breast cancer patients who had b

Introduction: Immature teratoma represents 3% of all teratomas, 1 % of all ovarian cancers and 20% of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. It is found either in pure form or as a component of a mixed germ cell tumor. It occurs essentially during the first two decades of life. According to WHO, immature teratoma is defined as a teratoma containing a variable amount of immature embryonal type neuroectodermal tissue Case: We present here a report of 23 years old unmarried female who presented with complaint of abdominal pain since 1 month and her CT scan done outside, showed fibroid uterus. She ha

Introduction: Carcinoma cervix is the fourth (GLOBACON 2012) most common cancer among women worldwide, and the main cancer affecting women in Sub-Saharan Africa, Central America and south-central Asia. In India, approx. 1,23,000 (GLOBACON 2012) new cases of carcinoma cervix are diagnosed each year. Brachytherapy is an integral part of treatment of cancer cervix. In the context of a developing country like us where maximum utilization of the resource is of prime importance to provide treatment to the large patient cohort, shortening the treatment duration and number of fractions always increase