Artículos de revistas: "Multiple selections"

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De Lellis, Camillo, Carlo Romano Grisanti y Paolo Tilli. "Regular selections for multiple-valued functions". Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata 183, n.º 1 (23 de diciembre de 2003): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10231-003-0081-5.

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Fordoni, Sarvar y Rashid Melit. "Multiple Selections of Kashmir Tunnel Risk by Fuzzy Multiple-Criteria Decision Analysis". Journal of Bioinformatics and Intelligent Control 4, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2015): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbic.2015.1115.

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Zas, Rafael. "The impact of spatial heterogeneity on selection: a case study on Pinus pinaster breeding seedling orchards". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, n.º 1 (enero de 2008): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-099.

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Although failure to account for spatial autocorrelation has been dramatic in some forest progeny trials, little attention has been paid to how this issue may affect selections within the trials. The effects of spatial autocorrelation of height growth on the estimation of genetic gain and on the spatial distribution of the selected trees were studied in four Pinus pinaster Ait. progeny trials that were rogued using different selection methods and intensities. When selections are based on unadjusted original values, selected trees tend to be located in the best microsites and are unlikely to be the most genetically superior. This resulted in a loss of genetic gain that varied between 10% and 20% and sometimes exceeded 30%. Differences in the loss of gain among different selection methods and intensities were minor and followed no clear pattern. Selecting on the basis of a conventional model resulted in spatial patterns of the retained trees that were clearly aggregated in all cases. However, selections based on spatially adjusted data resulted in random spatial patterns, except with family selection because of the use of multiple-tree plots. Because clumping of the retained trees may seriously affect the quantity and quality of the seed crop, breeders are strongly encouraged to use appropriate spatial models for roguing breeding seedling orchards.

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Lassmann, Yorick y Basile F. E. Curchod. "AIMSWISS—Ab initio multiple spawning with informed stochastic selections". Journal of Chemical Physics 154, n.º 21 (7 de junio de 2021): 211106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0052118.

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Nampeera, Esther L., Sue Blodgett, Matthew E. O’Neal, Gail R. Nonnecke, Lucy K. Murungi, Mary O. Abukutsa-Onyango y John M. Wesonga. "Resistance of Amaranthus Spp. to the Green Peach Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)". Journal of Economic Entomology 113, n.º 3 (23 de enero de 2020): 1299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa013.

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Abstract The green peach aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] is an important pest of amaranth grown for leaf consumption (i.e., leafy amaranth) in the tropics. Aphids reduce the amount of fresh leaf yield of amaranth and the value of leafy amaranth as aphid-infested leaves are not marketable. Our objective was to evaluate Amaranthus species selected by a breeding program in East Africa to develop cultivars for leaf consumption with resistance to M. persicae. We focused on antibiosis to determine whether varieties of Amaranthus spp. could be grown without producing an aphid population. Artificial infestations of aphids were placed on multiple selections of three species of Amaranthus: two selections of A. blitum, four selections of A. hybridus and one selection of A. hypochondriacus. Aphid populations were assessed over a 5-wk period. Evaluations of vegetative yield, leaf damage symptoms, and specific leaf area (SLA) were made of the seven selections at the end of this experiment. Aphid populations assessed 49 d after planting differed significantly (P ≤ 0.001) among the amaranth species and within selections of the same species. The selections of A. blitum had the lowest aphid populations, and A. hybridus had the highest populations. Selections of A. hybridus produced the most marketable leaves (i.e., aphid free). The fresh weight of A. blitum were the lowest of the seven selections, whereas A. hybridus had the greatest fresh leaf weight. Implications of these finding for further promotion of amaranth breeding are discussed related to pest management for leaf production.

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Zhu, Xuliang, Xin Huang, Byron Choi, Jiaxin Jiang, Zhaonian Zou y Jianliang Xu. "Budget constrained interactive search for multiple targets". Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 14, n.º 6 (febrero de 2021): 890–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3447689.3447694.

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Interactive graph search leverages human intelligence to categorize target labels in a hierarchy, which is useful for image classification, product categorization, and database search. However, many existing interactive graph search studies aim at identifying a single target optimally, and suffer from the limitations of asking too many questions and not being able to handle multiple targets. To address these two limitations, in this paper, we study a new problem of budget constrained interactive graph search for multiple targets called kBM-IGS problem. Specifically, given a set of multiple targets T in a hierarchy and two parameters k and b , the goal is to identify a k -sized set of selections S , such that the closeness between selections S and targets T is as small as possible, by asking at most a budget of b questions. We theoretically analyze the updating rules and design a penalty function to capture the closeness between selections and targets. To tackle the kBM-IGS problem, we develop a novel framework to ask questions using the best vertex with the largest expected gain, which provides a balanced trade-off between target probability and benefit gain. Based on the kBM-IGS framework, we first propose an efficient algorithm STBIS to handle the SingleTarget problem, which is a special case of kBM-IGS. Then, we propose a dynamic programming based method kBM-DP to tackle the MultipleTargets problem. To further improve efficiency, we propose two heuristic but efficient algorithms, kBM-Topk and kBM-DP+. Experiments on large real-world datasets with ground-truths verify both the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms.

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Chang, Edward H., Erika L. Kirgios, Aneesh Rai y Katherine L. Milkman. "The Isolated Choice Effect and Its Implications for Gender Diversity in Organizations". Management Science 66, n.º 6 (junio de 2020): 2752–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3533.

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We highlight a feature of personnel selection decisions that can influence the gender diversity of groups and teams. Specifically, we show that people are less likely to choose candidates whose gender would increase group diversity when making personnel selections in isolation (i.e., when they are responsible for selecting a single group member) than when making collections of choices (i.e., when they are responsible for selecting multiple group members). We call this the isolated choice effect. Across six preregistered experiments (n = 3,509), we demonstrate that the isolated choice effect has important consequences for group diversity. When making sets of hiring and selection decisions (as opposed to making a single hire), people construct more gender-diverse groups. Mediation and moderation studies suggest that people do not attend as much to diversity when making isolated selection choices, which drives this effect. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, decision analysis.

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Windham, Mark, Robert Trigiano, Donna Fare, Cecil Pounders, Lisa Vito y James Mynes. "(59) Encore Azalea Selections for the Mid South". HortScience 41, n.º 4 (julio de 2006): 1042C—1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1042c.

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Encore Azaleas® have become very popular in the Deep South due to multiple bloom cycles. All cultivars are rated for plant hardiness zone 7 and have also performed well in zone 8. The ability of Encore Azalea® cultivars to perform well in the Mid South (zones 6a and 6b) is unknown. A 3-year study was undertaken to determine the performance of 21 cultivars of Encore Azaleas® in multiple locations in zones 6a and 6b. After one winter, several cultivars have had multiple bloom cycles in zone 6a and 6b and suffered little or no freeze damage. These cultivars were Autumn Amethyst™, Autumn Bravo™, Autumn Carnival™, Autumn Chiffon™, Autumn Coral™, Autumn Monarch™, Autumn Rouge™, and Autumn Ruby™. Autumn Amethyst™ had the most consistent bloom cycles in both spring and fall cycles of all cultivars tested. Superior winter hardiness of Autumn Amethyst™ may be due to known winter hardiness of its female parent – `Karen's' (Hindodegiri × Rhododendron yeodensis var. poukhanese).

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Titurus, B. y M. I. Friswell. "Damage detection using successive parameter subset selections and multiple modal residuals". Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 45, n.º 1 (marzo de 2014): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.10.002.

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Chulkov, Dmitriy y Jason VanAlstine. "The impact of multiple textbook format availability in business education". Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 6, n.º 1 (8 de abril de 2014): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-09-2012-0024.

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Purpose – Technology is changing the use of textbooks in higher education. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of offering multiple textbook formats in the same economics course using textbooks that provided multiple options including new and used printed books, as well as electronic books. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a survey conducted in nine sections of introductory economics classes at a public US university. The study took place within the confines of undergraduate courses that offered textbooks with multiple available formats. A survey collected information about the format each student selected, the factors that students considered when choosing the format, and their overall attitudes about their selection at the end of the semester. Demographic information was also recorded. Findings – The paper finds that students selected a variety of textbook options and identified the factors of cost, ease of use, and learning style as most important to their textbook format decision. Students overwhelmingly support the value of offering choice in textbook formats. In examining student selections further, the paper finds that among students that select an electronic textbook, cost is the dominant factor, while students selecting a new printed textbook mention their learning style and ease of use more often. Students that selected a used printed textbook identified cost, ease of use, and the ability to keep the textbook as factors important to them. Originality/value – This study provides evidence on the impact of having multiple textbook format options within the same course. Overall, the results suggest that the student population has diverse preferences and any uniform policy on textbook format selection may not satisfy the needs of all student groups. Furthermore, students themselves recognize the diversity in learning styles and see value in having options in textbook format selection.

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Zalloi, M. M., M. A. Sadrnia y M. M. Fateh. "A Novel Flow Meter Selection Method Based on Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision-Making". Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (noviembre de 2011): 3548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.3548.

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Decision making can be defined as the selection process of the best cases from the alternatives in order to achieve a goal. Process planning engineers often use their intuition and experience in decision making. Fuzzy set theory has been used since 1970 in decision making process by using human experiences. This paper presents a new approach in the selection method for a Suitable flow meter based on fuzzy set theory for the industrial and automation process. The technical parameters such as turn down ration, power loss, accuracy, installation considerations and etc. with economic aspects, environmental effects, and safety considerations are established with field and laboratory tests together with the determination of other qualitative variables too. Classical method for flow meter selections generally produce a complex situation and take a long period of time. But new proposed method for flow meter selection has enabled users and suppliers to decide more quickly, easily and sensitively.

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Hennessy, Andrew, Kenneth Clarke y Megan Lewis. "Hyperspectral Classification of Plants: A Review of Waveband Selection Generalisability". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12010113.

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Hyperspectral sensing, measuring reflectance over visible to shortwave infrared wavelengths, has enabled the classification and mapping of vegetation at a range of taxonomic scales, often down to the species level. Classification with hyperspectral measurements, acquired by narrow band spectroradiometers or imaging sensors, has generally required some form of spectral feature selection to reduce the dimensionality of the data to a level suitable for the construction of a classification model. Despite the large number of hyperspectral plant classification studies, an in-depth review of feature selection methods and resultant waveband selections has not yet been performed. Here, we present a review of the last 22 years of hyperspectral vegetation classification literature that evaluates the overall waveband selection frequency, waveband selection frequency variation by taxonomic, structural, or functional group, and the influence of feature selection choice by comparing such methods as stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA), support vector machines (SVM), and random forests (RF). This review determined that all characteristics of hyperspectral plant studies influence the wavebands selected for classification. This includes the taxonomic, structural, and functional groups of the target samples, the methods, and scale at which hyperspectral measurements are recorded, as well as the feature selection method used. Furthermore, these influences do not appear to be consistent. Moreover, the considerable variability in waveband selection caused by the feature selectors effectively masks the analysis of any variability between studies related to plant groupings. Additionally, questions are raised about the suitability of SDA as a feature selection method, with it producing waveband selections at odds with the other feature selectors. Caution is recommended when choosing a feature selector for hyperspectral plant classification: We recommend multiple methods being performed. The resultant sets of selected spectral features can either be evaluated individually by multiple classification models or combined as an ensemble for evaluation by a single classifier. Additionally, we suggest caution when relying upon waveband recommendations from the literature to guide waveband selections or classifications for new plant discrimination applications, as such recommendations appear to be weakly generalizable between studies.

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Do, Dinh-Thuan y Minh-Sang V. Nguyen. "Relay Selection-aware Non-orthogonal Multiple Access Networks: Direct and Relaying Mode". Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, n.º 3 (18 de mayo de 2020): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096512666181130164755.

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Objective: In this paper, Decode-and-Forward (DF) mode is deployed in the Relay Selection (RS) scheme to provide better performance in cooperative downlink Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) networks. In particular, evaluation regarding the impact of the number of multiple relays on outage performance is presented. Methods: As main parameter affecting cooperative NOMA performance, we consider the scenario of the fixed power allocations and the varying number of relays. In addition, the expressions of outage probabilities are the main metric to examine separated NOMA users. By matching related results between simulation and analytical methods, the exactness of derived formula can be verified. Results: The intuitive main results show that in such cooperative NOMA networks, the higher the number of relays equipped, the better the system performance can be achieved. Conclusion: DF mode is confirmed as a reasonable selection scheme to improve the transmission quality in NOMA. In future work, we will introduce new relay selections to achieve improved performance.

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Simsek, Murat y Ashrf Aoad. "Multiple operating frequency selections for reconfigurable antenna design by SM based optimisation". IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 11, n.º 13 (octubre de 2017): 1898–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2017.0273.

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Li, Yun, Irina Bondarenko, Michael R. Elliott, Timothy P. Hofer y Jeremy MG Taylor. "Using multiple imputation to classify potential outcomes subgroups". Statistical Methods in Medical Research 30, n.º 6 (22 de abril de 2021): 1428–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09622802211002866.

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With medical tests becoming increasingly available, concerns about over-testing, over-treatment and health care cost dramatically increase. Hence, it is important to understand the influence of testing on treatment selection in general practice. Most statistical methods focus on average effects of testing on treatment decisions. However, this may be ill-advised, particularly for patient subgroups that tend not to benefit from such tests. Furthermore, missing data are common, representing large and often unaddressed threats to the validity of most statistical methods. Finally, it is often desirable to conduct analyses that can be interpreted causally. Using the Rubin Causal Model framework, we propose to classify patients into four potential outcomes subgroups, defined by whether or not a patient’s treatment selection is changed by the test result and by the direction of how the test result changes treatment selection. This subgroup classification naturally captures the differential influence of medical testing on treatment selections for different patients, which can suggest targets to improve the utilization of medical tests. We can then examine patient characteristics associated with patient potential outcomes subgroup memberships. We used multiple imputation methods to simultaneously impute the missing potential outcomes as well as regular missing values. This approach can also provide estimates of many traditional causal quantities of interest. We find that explicitly incorporating causal inference assumptions into the multiple imputation process can improve the precision for some causal estimates of interest. We also find that bias can occur when the potential outcomes conditional independence assumption is violated; sensitivity analyses are proposed to assess the impact of this violation. We applied the proposed methods to examine the influence of 21-gene assay, the most commonly used genomic test in the United States, on chemotherapy selection among breast cancer patients.

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Scott, J. W., D. M. Francis, S. A. Miller, G. C. Somodi y J. B. Jones. "Tomato Bacterial Spot Resistance Derived from PI 114490; Inheritance of Resistance to Race T2 and Relationship across Three Pathogen Races". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2003): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.5.0698.

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Crosses were made between tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) inbreds susceptible to races T2 and T3 of bacterial spot (Xanthomonas vesicatoria and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, respectively) and accession PI 114490 with resistance to races T1, T2, and T3. Resistance to race T2 was analyzed using the parents, F1, and F2 generations from one of the crosses. The F1 was intermediate between the parents for disease severity suggesting additive gene action. The segregation of F2 progeny fit a two-locus model (χ2 = 0.96, P = 0.9-0.5) where four resistance alleles are required for a high resistance level, two or three resistance alleles provide intermediate resistance, and zero or one resistance allele results in susceptibility. The narrow sense heritability of resistance to T2 strains was estimated to be 0.37 ± 0.1 based on F2 to F3 parent-offspring regression. A second cross was developed into an inbred backcross (IBC) population to facilitate multilocation replicated testing with multiple races. Segregation for T2 resistance in the inbred backcross population also suggested control was by two loci, lending support to the two-locus model hypothesized based on the F2 segregation. To determine if the same loci conferred resistance to the other races, selections for race T2 resistance were made in the F2 and F3 generations and for race T3 resistance in the F2 through F4 generations. Six T3 selections (F5), 13 T2 selections (F4's that diverged from seven F2 selections), and control lines were then evaluated for disease severity to races T1, T2, and T3 over two seasons. Linear correlations were used to estimate the efficiency of selecting for resistance to multiple races based on a disease nursery inoculated with a single race. Race T1 and race T2 disease severities were correlated (r ≥ 0.80, P< 0.001) within and between years while neither was correlated to race T3 either year. These results suggest that selecting for race T2 resistance in progeny derived from crosses to PI 114490 would be an effective strategy to obtain resistance to both race T1 and T2 in the populations tested. In contrast, selection for race T3 or T2 will be less likely to result in lines with resistance to the other race. PI 114490 had less resistance to T3 than to T2 or T1. Independent segregation of T2 and T3 resistance from the IBC population derived from PI 114490 suggests that T3 resistance is not controlled by the same genes as T2 resistance, supporting the linear correlation data.

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Ma, Yan-Ping, Hao Ke, Zhi-Ling Liang, Zhen-Xing Liu, Le Hao, Jiang-Yao Ma y Yu-Gu Li. "Multiple Evolutionary Selections Involved in Synonymous Codon Usages in the Streptococcus agalactiae Genome". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, n.º 3 (24 de febrero de 2016): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030277.

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Shigeta, Yuki. "Portfolio selections under mean-variance preference with multiple priors for means and variances". Annals of Finance 13, n.º 1 (29 de diciembre de 2016): 97–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10436-016-0291-7.

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Juang, Jie-Yong y Benjamin W. Wah. "Load balancing and ordered selections in a computer system with multiple contention buses". Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 7, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1989): 391–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-7315(89)90028-2.

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Rom, Curt R., Jason McAfee y Donn Johnson. "APPLE CULTIVAR DEVELOPMENT IN ARKANSAS". HortScience 40, n.º 3 (junio de 2005): 892b—892. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.892b.

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Apple cultivar development is an important program necessary to sustain the existing fruit industry and stimulate new production systems for Arkansas and the region. The cultivar development program has two parts. First, currently available cultivars are tested with multiple trees for multiple years. Second, about 150 advanced selections from the Arkansas apple breeding program are evaluated in trials with multiple trees (2nd test) and in replicated trials (3rd test). The goal of both programs is to identify cultivars that have potential in the local production systems and for Arkansas' markets, and to identify those cultivars which are not adapted to the region. All cultivars and advanced selections are evaluated for ∂35 qualitative and quantitative characteristics, including time of bloom, time of harvest, length of harvest season, fruit aesthetic and internal quality, environmental adaptability especially to heat and high light, and insect and disease susceptibility. Primary diseases for which cultivars and selections are screened include fireblight, cedar apple rust, powdery mildew, black rot, white rot and bitter rot. Primary insect pests include mites, codling moth, plum curculio and Japanese beetle. Cultivars are evaluated in the field, under standard management conditions for five to seven years of production before summary evaluation. The program has identified cultivars including traditional cultivars, new cultivars, and heritage cultivars adaptable to the local and regional climates and suitable for those markets.

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Han, Suk Won y René Marois. "The source of dual-task limitations: Serial or parallel processing of multiple response selections?" Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 75, n.º 7 (18 de julio de 2013): 1395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-013-0513-2.

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Hong, S., X. Yu, S. K. Park, Y. S. Choi y B. Myoung. "Assessing optimal set of implemented physical parameterization schemes in a multi-physics land surface model using genetic algorithm". Geoscientific Model Development 7, n.º 5 (29 de octubre de 2014): 2517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-2517-2014.

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Abstract. Optimization of land surface models has been challenging due to the model complexity and uncertainty. In this study, we performed scheme-based model optimizations by designing a framework for coupling "the micro-genetic algorithm" (micro-GA) and "the Noah land surface model with multiple physics options" (Noah-MP). Micro-GA controls the scheme selections among eight different land surface parameterization categories, each containing 2–4 schemes, in Noah-MP in order to extract the optimal scheme combination that achieves the best skill score. This coupling framework was successfully applied to the optimizations of evapotranspiration and runoff simulations in terms of surface water balance over the Han River basin in Korea, showing outstanding speeds in searching for the optimal scheme combination. Taking advantage of the natural selection mechanism in micro-GA, we explored the model sensitivity to scheme selections and the scheme interrelationship during the micro-GA evolution process. This information is helpful for better understanding physical parameterizations and hence it is expected to be effectively used for further optimizations with uncertain parameters in a specific set of schemes.

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Yu, Jin. "Efficient fidelity control by stepwise nucleotide selection in polymerase elongation Abstract: Polymerases select nucleotides". Computational and Mathematical Biophysics 2, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2014): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mlbmb-2014-0010.

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Abstract Polymerases select nucleotides according to a template before incorporating them for chemical synthesis during gene replication or transcription. Efficient selection to achieve sufficiently high fidelity and speed is essential for polymerase function. Due to multiple kinetic steps detected in a polymerase elongation cycle, there exist multiple selection checkpoints to allow different strategies of fidelity control. In our current work, we examined step-by-step selections in an elongation cycle that have conformational transition rates tuned one at a time, with a controlled differentiation free energy between the right and wrong nucleotides at each checkpoint. The elongation is sustained at non-equilibrium steady state with constant free energy input and heat dissipation. It is found that a selection checkpoint in the later stage of a reaction path has less capability for error reduction. Hence, early selection is essential to achieve an efficient fidelity control. In particular, for an intermediate state, the selection through the forward transition inhibition has the same capacity for error reduction as the selection through the backward rejection. As with respect to the elongation speed, an initial screening is indispensible for maintaining high speed, as the wrong nucleotides can be removed quickly and replaced by the right ones at the entry. Overall, the elongation error rate can be repeatedly reduced through multiple selection checkpoints. This study provides a theoretical framework to guide more detailed structural dynamics studies, and to support rational redesign of related enzymes and devices.

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Zhang, Linxing, Jun Chen, Jiangli Cao, Dongyu He y Xianran Xing. "Large resistive switching and switchable photovoltaic response in ferroelectric doped BiFeO3-based thin films by chemical solution deposition". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, n.º 18 (2015): 4706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc00814j.

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The ferroelectric doped BiFeO₃thin films exhibit large resistive switching (with ON/OFF ratios ∼10⁴) and stably switchable photovoltaic response with good retention properties, providing multiple selections for non-destructive ferroelectric memory diveces.

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Bonatti, Alessandro y Heikki Rantakari. "The Politics of Compromise". American Economic Review 106, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2016): 229–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20140316.

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An organization must select among competing projects that differ in their payoff consequences for its members. Each agent chooses a project and exerts effort affecting its completion time. When one or more projects are complete, the agents select which one to adopt. The selection rule for multiple projects that maximizes ex post welfare leads to inefficiently high polarization; rules that favor later proposals improve upon ex post optimal selections. The optimal degree of favoritism increases in the cost of effort and discount rate. This trade-off informs the design of process rules in standard-setting organizations and helps explain their performance. (JEL C78, D23, D71, D72, D83, L15)

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Morelock, T. E., J. C. Correll y L. P. Brandenberger. "483 PB 417 BREEDING SPINACH WITH MULTIPLE DISEASE RESISTANCE". HortScience 29, n.º 5 (mayo de 1994): 500e—500. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.500e.

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Downy mildew (Blue mold) is probably the most common spinach disease in most parts of the world, and it can be a problem in the mid-South. Frequently, other diseases such as white rust and fusarium cause major crop loss. The Arkansas breeding program was initiated 25 years ago to address white rust and fusarium, as well as other diseases that destroy spinach crops. Since single gene resistance is not available for most spinach diseases, it was necessary to utilize polygenic resistance to develop varieties that are resistant to most of the common spinach diseases that occur in the Arkansas River Valley of Arkansas and Oklahoma. Highly resistant genotypes have been developed by using disease nurseries and field screening, so frequent selections are made based on the reaction to 3-4 diseases.

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Syvyy, Roman. "Corporate Governance in Ukrainian Firms: Multiple Model Selections, Their Current Functioning, and Potential Future Problems". Review of Central and East European Law 42, n.º 4 (14 de noviembre de 2017): 364–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04204004.

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This article explores corporate governance in Ukrainian firms in order to show the parallel application of multiple models of corporate governance within the same business and cultural framework. Ukrainian corporate law is based on a two-tier system, according to which joint-stock companies are governed by two boards: a management board and a supervisory board. Nevertheless, those Ukrainian firms that aim to raise capital on international stock markets and are ready to go public tend to use the uk principles-based model. Since a unitary board structure in public companies is not recognized by Ukrainian law, these firms have to migrate from Ukraine, setting up their centers of corporate governance in foreign jurisdictions. At the same time, recent amendments to the Law on Joint-Stock Companies aimed at enhancing the protection of investors’ rights in Ukraine significantly expanded the legal requirements for corporate governance in public joint-stock companies. The introduction of special statutory obligations along with significantly toughened listing requirements for corporate governance in public joint-stock companies demonstrates the impact of the us rules-based model on Ukrainian corporate governance regulations. Therefore, the governance practices of Ukrainian firms and recent changes in Ukrainian corporate law are evidence of the convergence of corporate governance models in the modern world.

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Nicastro, Luciano y Giorgio Calderone. "Multiple Depth DB Tables Indexing on the Sphere". Advances in Astronomy 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/524534.

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Any project dealing with large astronomical datasets should consider the use of a relational database server (RDBS). Queries requiring quick selections on sky regions, objects cross-matching and other high-level data investigations involving sky coordinates could be unfeasible if tables are missing an effective indexing scheme. In this paper we present the Dynamic Index Facility (DIF) software package. By using the HTM and HEALPix sky pixelization schema, it allows a very efficient indexing and management of spherical data stored into MySQL tables. Any table hosting spherical coordinates can be automatically managed by DIF using any number of sky resolutions at the same time. DIF comprises a set of facilities among which SQL callable functions to perform queries on circular and rectangular regions. Moreover, by removing the limitations and difficulties of 2-d data indexing, DIF allows the full exploitation of the RDBS capabilities. Performance tests on Giga-entries tables are reported together with some practical usage of the package.

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Fiola, Joseph A., Robert Lengyen y Harry J. Swartz. "Performance of Advanced Breeding Selections of Primocane-fruiting Raspberries in New Jersey". HortScience 30, n.º 4 (julio de 1995): 834B—834. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.834b.

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A major objective of the MD/NJ/VA/WI Cooperative Raspberry Breeding Program is to develop new primocane-fruiting raspberry cultivars that are early, with large fruit size, and good fresh flavor, relative to the `Heritage' standard. Step I seedling selections were made and tissue culture-propagated. The Step III advanced selection trial, planted in 1993, consisted of two advanced selections, JCR-F1 [Geo-1 (Autumn Bliss × Glen Moy) × Heritage–red], and JEF-B1 (Amity × Glen Eagles–golden), with a `Heritage' check. The planting was a RCB (four replications), with 3-m plots, 60-cm plant spacing, on raised beds with black plastic mulch (establishment year), and trickle irrigation. The 1994 season started dry, and mid-summer was warm and wet, inducing an early harvest overall. JCR-F1 was >2 weeks earlier, 40% higher yielding, with 18% larger fruit size than `Heritage'. JCR-F1 fruit was tall conic, cohesive, and had good flavor; plant vigor was very good. JEF-B1 was 10 days earlier than `Heritage', had 40% larger fruit size, but was 25% lower yielding; plant vigor was also good. The flavor was described as banana and apricot. The planting will be fruited for multiple seasons for continued comparison.

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Ossenfort, Kathryn L. y Derek M. Isaacowitz. "Video Games and Emotion Regulation". GeroPsych 31, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2018): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000196.

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Abstract. Research on age differences in media usage has shown that older adults are more likely than younger adults to select positive emotional content. Research on emotional aging has examined whether older adults also seek out positivity in the everyday situations they choose, resulting so far in mixed results. We investigated the emotional choices of different age groups using video games as a more interactive type of affect-laden stimuli. Participants made multiple selections from a group of positive and negative games. Results showed that older adults selected the more positive games, but also reported feeling worse after playing them. Results supplement the literature on positivity in situation selection as well as on older adults’ interactive media preferences.

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Zhang, Yan, Zhenghui Li, Fengyu Luan, Limin Xiao, Shidong Zhou y Jing Wang. "Measurement-Based Analysis of Transmit Antenna Selection for In-Cabin Distributed MIMO System". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/598049.

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Aircraft seems to be the last isolated island where the wireless access is still not available. In this paper, we consider the distributed multiple-input multiple-output (D-MIMO) system application based on measurements in aircraft cabin. The channel response matrices of in-cabin D-MIMO system are collected by using a wideband channel sounder. Channel capacities with optimum transmit antenna selections (TASs) are calculated from the measured data at different receiver positions. Then the optimum capacity results are compared to those without selection in different transmit SNR. It is shown that the TAS can lead obvious capacity gain, especially in the front and back of cabin. The capacity gain represents a decreasing trend with the transmit SNR increasing. The optimal transmit antenna subset is closely related to the transmit SNR. With the SNR increasing, more transmit antennas will be chosen for higher performance. The subset of those transmit antennas near the receiver is a reasonable choice in practical application of D-MIMO system.

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Zhang, Xitao, Lingda Wu, Shaobo Yu y Kang Li. "Layer-Edge Patterns Exploration and Presentation in Multiplex Networks: From Detail to Overview via Selections and Aggregations". Electronics 8, n.º 4 (30 de marzo de 2019): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8040387.

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Multiplex networks have been widely used to describe the multi-type connections of entities in the real world. However, researches for multiplex networks visualization unilaterally focus on the presentation of topological structure, lacking of specific high-level information presentation for quantitative comparison of interlayer structure. Users cannot participate in the exploration and freely choose the layers (or sub-graphs, regions, etc.) of interest for structural comparison. Contraposing the layer-edge patterns visual analysis tasks of multiplex networks, this paper puts forward a novel solution for exploration and analysis that tightly couples topological structure and high-level patterns. It mainly contains a multi-force directed model to realize the balanced layout of nodes in multi-layer topology, as well as two kinds of high-level patterns of which the visual representations are, respectively, designed by a familiar metaphor—that is, the similar pattern representation based on the area-proportional Venn diagrams and the interaction pattern representation based on the directed arrows. Furthermore, views association is implemented through underlying data sharing and multiple interactions which can be used to gain insights through the creation of selections of interest and produce high-level infographic-style overviews simultaneously. The experiments on real-world data demonstrate the support of the proposed method for layer-edge patterns analysis tasks in multiplex networks and the effectiveness for analyzing the multi-layer structure of multiplex networks.

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Oh, Jeong-Su, Dong-Wook Kim y Jin-Tae Kim. "Fast Motion Estimation Scheme for H.264/AVC Using Adaptive Single and Multiple Reference Picture Selections". Procedia Engineering 23 (2011): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2549.

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Gogorcena, Y., S. Arulsekar, A. Dandekar y D. E. Parfitt. "RFLPS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF GRAPE CULTIVARS". HortScience 25, n.º 9 (septiembre de 1990): 1081d—1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1081d.

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DNA from 9 cultivars and 5 `Pinot noir' clones were isolated with either the Delaporta or cTAB methods Twenty five 32P label led cloned probes were constructed with the pUC18 plasmid and Hind-III digested `Pinot noir' DNA. Standard methods of isolation and labelling were used. The probes were tested for efficacy of `fingerprinting' the 14 selections. rDNA and cloroplast a/h binding protein probes were also tested. The non-specific probes were not found to be useful as they bound to an excess number of sites and could not be removed from the southern blots, rendering them useless for further analysis. Grape specific probes bound at multiple sites, indicating that multiple fragments were incorporated into the plasmid vectors during library construction. With the greater variability observable with these multi locus probes, significant polymorphism was observed between cultivars, including `Cabernet sauvignon' and `Pinot noir' which were not distinguishable with GPI or PGM isozymes. Variability between clones of `Pinot noir' was observed with several probes, indicating that these selections are different. No variability had been observed at isozyme loci of the `Pinot noir' clones

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35

Jongtaveesataporn, Aimrudee y Shingo Takada. "FASICA Framework: Service Selection Using K-d Tree and Cache". International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 25, n.º 05 (junio de 2015): 807–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194015400215.

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The selection of services is a key part of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Services are primarily selected based on function, but Quality of Service (QoS) is an important factor when choosing among several services with the same function. But current service selection approaches often takes time to unnecessarily recompute requests. Furthermore, if the same service is chosen as having the "best" QoS for multiple selections, this may result in that service having too much load. We thus propose the FASICA (FAst service selection for SImilar constraints with CAche) Framework which chooses a service with satisfactory QoS as quickly as possible. The key points are (1) to use a cache which stores previous search results, (2) to use K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm with K-d tree when a satisfactory service does not exist in the cache, and (3) to distribute the service request according to a distribution policy. Results of simulations show that our framework can rapidly select a service compared to a conventional approach.

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Biggs, Alan R., Keith S. Yoder y David A. Rosenberger. "Relative Susceptibility of Selected Apple Cultivars to Powdery Mildew Caused by Podosphaera leucotricha". Plant Health Progress 10, n.º 1 (enero de 2009): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2009-1119-01-rs.

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Apple powdery mildew thrives during dry spring and summer weather wherever apples are grown. The fungus perennates in buds, making it difficult to control and, although it can cause fruit russet, it primarily causes losses due to its chronic effect on tree vigor and yield. Data were collected over several years from 1995 (23 entries) and 1999 (22 entries) plantings of new apple cultivars and selections established at multiple locations as part of regional project NE-183. The cultivars Golden Delicious and McIntosh were the standards in both plantings. Incidence of powdery mildew on leaves and fruit was observed and data were analyzed to determine differences due to location and cultivar. One of the two planting group analyses indicated the significance of cultivar differences due to location. In general, the cultivars Ginger Gold, Suncrisp, GoldRush, Crimson Crisp, and Delblush, and the selection CQR10T17 were the most susceptible, whereas the cultivars Gala Supreme, Enterprise, Zestar, September Wonder, Hampshire, and the selections NY 75414-1 and NY 79507-72 exhibited the lowest incidences of mildew. Pinova was the most highly susceptible cultivar to mildew on fruit in Virginia, followed by Crimson Crisp and the selection NY 65707-19. Percent leaf area with mildew was related to incidence of mildew on leaves; however, fruit symptoms were not significantly related to disease incidence or severity on the foliage. Accepted for publication 11 September 2009. Published 19 November 2009.

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Biggs, Alan R., George W. Sundin, David A. Rosenberger, Keith S. Yoder y Turner B. Sutton. "Relative Susceptibility of Selected Apple Cultivars to Apple Scab Caused by Venturia inaequalis". Plant Health Progress 11, n.º 1 (enero de 2010): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2010-0408-01-rs.

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Apple scab is the most important disease of apples (Malus domestica) in the cool temperate regions where apples are grown. Data were collected over several years from plantings of new apple cultivars and selections established at multiple locations in 1995 (23 entries) and 1999 (24 entries) as part of regional project NE-183. Golden Delicious and McIntosh were the standards in both plantings. Data on incidence of scab on leaves and fruit were collected and analyzed to determine differences due to location and cultivar. None of the analyses indicated significant cultivar differences due to location, likely confirming the diversity of the apple scab fungus in the eastern United States. In general, for scab on leaves, the cultivars Ginger Gold, Orin, Cripps Pink, Silken, and Delblush were as susceptible as McIntosh, a common standard for scab susceptibility in the eastern United States. For scab on fruit, the cultivars Fuji, Cameo, Cripps Pink, Ambrosia, and Silken, and the selection NJ 90, were as susceptible as McIntosh. As expected, the cultivars and selections with genetic resistance to the scab pathogen exhibited the lowest incidences of apple scab on foliage and fruit. Gala Supreme, Sansa, and Honeycrisp, while susceptible to scab, exhibited relatively low levels of the disease. Accepted for publication 2 February 2010. Published 8 April 2010.

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Robbins, Matthew D., Jack E. Staub y Zhicheng Fan. "(255) A Comparison of Phenotypic and Marker-assisted Selection in Cucumber". HortScience 40, n.º 4 (julio de 2005): 1088E—1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1088e.

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To increase yield in cucumber (Cucumussativus L.), we designed a recurrent selection program utilizing phenotypic (PHE) and marker-assisted (MAS) selection for the development of multiple lateral branching (MLB; branches per plant), gynoecious, early genotypes possessing high fruit length to diameter ratio (L:D). These yield components are under genetic control of few quantitative trait loci (QTL; 2-6 per trait), which have been placed on a moderately saturated molecular linkage map. Four inbred lines, complementary for the target traits, were intermated and the resulting population underwent MAS and PHE, as well as random mating (RAN), for three cycles. Selections by PHE were visually made for all four traits at the whole plant level. Selections based on MAS contained the highest number of desired marker genotypes from 20 marker loci (SSR, RAPD, SCAR, SNP). Using the same selection scheme and intensity allowed a direct comparison of MAS to PHE. Selection was equally effective for MLB and L:D by MAS (3.5 and 3.0) and PHE (3.6 and 3.0), which were both superior to RAN (2.8 and 2.8). For earliness (days to anthesis) and gynoecy (percent female), MAS (41.8 and 26.6) was less effective than PHE (40.5 and 81.8) and RAN (41.0 and 80.9), which were equal. For yield (fruit per plant), RAN (1.90) and MAS (1.88) were equal, but less than PHE (2.15). After three cycles of PHE, further selection by MAS identified superior genotypes, which were intermated. Superior hybrids were selected by MAS and underwent one backcross generation. In some backcrosses, gains were made in every trait compared to the PHE Cycle 3 mean, while in other backcrosses, gains were made only in some traits. Improvement by MAS was very effective during line extraction for these yield components.

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Morii, Fujiki y Kazuko Kurahashi. "Clustering Based on Multiple Criteria for LVQ and K-Means Algorithm". Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 13, n.º 4 (20 de julio de 2009): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2009.p0360.

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When classifying linearly separable data by learning vector quantization (LVQ) or K-Means algorithm (KMA), we cannot necessarily obtain satisfactory classification results for bad selections of initial cluster centers and differences among the distributions of class data. In this paper, to realize reliable classification, clustering based on multiple criteria for LVQ and KMA is proposed, and its performance is provided. To obtain suitable cluster centers, KMA with the split and merge procedure proposed by Kaukoranta et al. is introduced to minimize the squared-error distortion. LVQ using those cluster centers as initial ones is applied to the data, andΚclusters are produced. Introducing a criterion of whether each cluster reveals unimodality, subclusters split by KMA for clusters having no unimodality are merged into appropriate neighboring clusters except one subcluster, and the validity of the classification result is checked.

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Chen, Chao-Guang, Louis J. Fabri, Michael J. Wilson y Con Panousis. "One-step zero-background IgG reformatting of phage-displayed antibody fragments enabling rapid and high-throughput lead identification". Nucleic Acids Research 42, n.º 4 (16 de noviembre de 2013): e26-e26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1142.

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Abstract We describe a novel cloning method, referred to as insert-tagged (InTag) positive selection, for the rapid one-step reformatting of phage-displayed antibody fragments to full-length immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs). InTag positive selection enables recombinant clones of interest to be directly selected without cloning background, bypassing the laborious process of plating out cultures and colony screening and enabling the cloning procedure to be automated and performed in a high-throughput format. This removes a significant bottleneck in the functional screening of phage-derived antibody candidates and enables a large number of clones to be directly reformatted into IgG without the intermediate step of Escherichia coli expression and testing of soluble antibody fragments. The use of InTag positive selection with the Dyax Fab-on-phage antibody library is demonstrated, and optimized methods for the small-scale transient expression of IgGs at high levels are described. InTag positive selection cloning has the potential for wide application in high-throughput DNA cloning involving multiple inserts, markedly improving the speed and quality of selections from protein libraries.

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Grekovs, Romans. "APPLICATION OF BINARY COMPOSITIONS IN MULTIDIMENSIONAL RECOGNITION TASKS". Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (20 de junio de 2001): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2001vol1.1929.

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This paper examines the possibility o f using pattern recognition method, which is based on compositions of fuzzy relations, to work with multiple feature selections such as where the number o f features is greater than 3. Investigation o f problems, which are connected to multidimensional pattern recognition, is also applied. Some practical part concerning proposals on experiments is provided.

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Song, Hongzhi, Edwin P. Curran y Roy Sterritt. "Multiple Foci Visualisation of Large Hierarchies with FlexTree". Information Visualization 3, n.º 1 (marzo de 2004): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500065.

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One of the main tasks in information visualisation research is creating visual tools to facilitate human understanding of large and complex information spaces. Hierarchies, being a good mechanism for organising such information, are ubiquitous. Although much research effort has been spent on finding useful representations for hierarchies, visualising large hierarchies is still a difficult topic. One of the difficulties is how to handle the ever increasing scale of hierarchies. Another is how to enable the user to focus on multiple selections of interest while maintaining context. This paper describes a hierarchy visualisation technique called FlexTree to address these problems. It contains some important features that have not been exploited so far. A profile or contour unique to the hierarchy being visualised can be viewed in a bar chart layout. A normalised view of a common attribute of all nodes can be selected by the user. Multiple foci are consistently accessible within a global context through interaction. Furthermore it can handle a large hierarchy that contains 10,000 nodes in a PC environment. This technique has been applied to visualise computer file system structures and decision trees from data mining results. The results from informal user evaluations against these two applications are also presented. User feedback suggests that FlexTree is suitable for visualising large decision trees.

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Zhou, Jian-hua, Yao-zhong Ding, Ying He, Yue-feng Chu, Ping Zhao, Li-ya Ma, Xin-jun Wang, Xue-rui Li y Yong-sheng Liu. "The Effect of Multiple Evolutionary Selections on Synonymous Codon Usage of Genes in the Mycoplasma bovis Genome". PLoS ONE 9, n.º 10 (28 de octubre de 2014): e108949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108949.

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Claggett, B., L. Tian, D. Castagno y L. J. Wei. "Treatment selections using risk-benefit profiles based on data from comparative randomized clinical trials with multiple endpoints". Biostatistics 16, n.º 1 (12 de agosto de 2014): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxu037.

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Yousef, Gad G., Mary A. Lila, Ivette Guzman, James R. Ballington y Allan F. Brown. "Impact of Interspecific Introgression on Anthocyanin Profiles of Southern Highbush Blueberry". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 139, n.º 2 (marzo de 2014): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.139.2.99.

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Blueberry (Vaccinium L. section Cyanococcus Gray), a rich source of polyphenolics with important implications for human health and chronic diseases, has become a major fruit commodity in the United States. This study was designed to assess the impact of introgression through interspecific hybridization on anthocyanin (ANC) profiles among blueberry species. Southern highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum L.) and rabbiteye blueberry (V. virgatum Ait.) commercial cultivars, North Carolina blueberry breeding selections, and blueberry breeding populations with varying degrees of introgression from multiple species were used to address this question. The breeding selections and populations were created and selected for traits not directly related to their ANC profiles and are therefore likely representative of the current selection objectives of most public and private breeding programs. Ripe fruit at a uniform stage of maturity were evaluated for ANC concentration and profile in 2 consecutive years (2010 and 2011) from all plants. Total ANC ranged from 189 to 464, 74 to 421, and 227 to 537 mg/100 g (frozen fruit) in the commercial cultivars, breeding selections, and breeding populations, respectively. Significant increases in total ANC were observed among material that represents an expanded gene pool in southern highbush blueberry (introgression from V. angustifolium Ait., V. elliottii Chap., V. myrsinites Lam., V. pallidum Ait., V. tenellum Ait., V. fuscatum Ait., V. constablaei Gray, and V. arboreum Mar.). Differences in acylation and glycosylation patterns were also observed in the same material, which may condition relative stability, absorption, and bioavailability of ANC. Results suggest that the expansion of the gene base through interspecific hybridization can have both a positive and negative impact on ANC accumulation and that breeders need to be aware of these issues early in the breeding program.

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46

Connelly, Julie F. "Interferon Beta for Multiple Sclerosis". Annals of Pharmacotherapy 28, n.º 5 (mayo de 1994): 610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809402800511.

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OBJECTIVE: To introducereaders to the use of a new agent, interferon beta-1b (IFNser), in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis(RRMS). Therapeuticand economic issues surrounding IFNβser are discussed, as are its pharmacology, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage guidelines. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was used to identify pertinent literature, including clinical trials and reviews. STUDY SELECTIONS: All available trials were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Since trials evaluating subcutaneously administered interferon beta are sparse, clinical trials evaluating intrathecal IFNβser were included, as was toxicology information from the oncology population. DATA SYNTHESIS: IFNβser has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatmentof RRMS. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown, but it may downregulate interferon gamma (IFNγ) production and the IFNγ-stimulated major histocompatibility complex antigen expression, and/or augment T-suppressor cell function. Primary adverse effects include flu-like symptoms, fever, chills, myalgia, sweating, and injection-site reactions. Clinical efficacy has been investigated in 372 ambulatory patients with RRMS. IFNβser treatment resulted in a reduction in the annual exacerbationrate and a greater proportionof exacerbation-free patients. Burden of central nervous system disease was also significantly reduced in treated patients. However, no reductions were detected on the Scripps Neurologic Rating Scale or with confirmed endpoint scoreson the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale. Although many questions remain concerning IFNβser's long-term efficacy, its benefits in patients with other types of multiple sclerosis (MS), and its effect on progressionof disease and ultimate disability, IFNβser is the first treatment modality that has substantially altered the natural course of MS in a controlled clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS: IFNβser is not a cure for MS, but it is well tolerated and patients with RRMS have shown significant improvements in exacerbation rates and burden of central nervous system disease. IFNβser should be considered a definite improvementin RRMS treatment, although many therapeutic issues remain unanswered. Additional clinical trials are needed.

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Cayo, Yanina Perez, Steven Sargent, Cecilia do Nascimento Nunes y Vance Whitaker. "Composition of Commercial Strawberry Cultivars and Advanced Selections as Affected by Season, Harvest, and Postharvest Storage". HortScience 51, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2016): 1134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci10996-16.

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Strawberries are one of the most important food crops grown in Florida, with a harvested area of ≈10,000 acres. The University of Florida strawberry breeding program develops cultivars adapted to this region and its particular weather conditions, with a major aim of increasing overall quality. The objective of this study was to compare the fruit of advanced breeding selections to those of commercial cultivars, for compositional attributes. Seven different strawberry genotypes were compared at harvest and after 7 days at 4 °C across multiple harvest dates during two consecutive years. Compositional attributes were highly influenced by year, harvest date within a year, genotype, and storage. Overall, compared with other genotypes, selection FL 09-127 exhibited consistently higher soluble solids and total sugar (TS) contents at harvest and after cold storage. Higher ascorbic acid (AA) and phenolic contents at harvest were observed in selection FL 07-193. However, its anthocyanin content was among the lowest. In contrast, FL 10-47 exhibited relatively low AA content at harvest but consistently high total anthocyanins (TACs) and total phenolic (TP) contents after storage. Overall, results from this study provide valuable information to the breeding process by identifying new genotypes with improved compositional attributes combined with suitable quality characteristics after cold storage.

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Carr, Jennifer F., Hannah J. Lee, Joshua B. Jaspers, Albert E. Dahlberg, Gerwald Jogl y Steven T. Gregory. "Phenotypic Suppression of Streptomycin Resistance by Mutations in Multiple Components of the Translation Apparatus". Journal of Bacteriology 197, n.º 18 (6 de julio de 2015): 2981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00219-15.

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ABSTRACTThe bacterial ribosome and its associated translation factors are frequent targets of antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance mutations have been found in a number of these components. Such mutations can potentially interact with one another in unpredictable ways, including the phenotypic suppression of one mutation by another. These phenotypic interactions can provide evidence of long-range functional interactions throughout the ribosome and its functional complexes and potentially give insights into antibiotic resistance mechanisms. In this study, we used genetics and experimental evolution of the thermophilic bacteriumThermus thermophilusto examine the ability of mutations in various components of the protein synthesis apparatus to suppress the streptomycin resistance phenotypes of mutations in ribosomal protein S12, specifically those located distant from the streptomycin binding site. With genetic selections and strain constructions, we identified suppressor mutations in EF-Tu or in ribosomal protein L11. Using experimental evolution, we identified amino acid substitutions in EF-Tu or in ribosomal proteins S4, S5, L14, or L19, some of which were found to also relieve streptomycin resistance. The wide dispersal of these mutations is consistent with long-range functional interactions among components of the translational machinery and indicates that streptomycin resistance can result from the modulation of long-range conformational signals.IMPORTANCEThe thermophilic bacteriumThermus thermophilushas become a model system for high-resolution structural studies of macromolecular complexes, such as the ribosome, while its natural competence for transformation facilitates genetic approaches. Genetic studies ofT. thermophilusribosomes can take advantage of existing high-resolution crystallographic information to allow a structural interpretation of phenotypic interactions among mutations. Using a combination of genetic selections, strain constructions, and experimental evolution, we find that certain mutations in the translation apparatus can suppress the phenotype of certain antibiotic resistance mutations. Suppression of resistance can occur by mutations located distant in the ribosome or in a translation factor. These observations suggest the existence of long-range conformational signals in the translating ribosome, particularly during the decoding of mRNA.

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Zhu, Zhengrong, LaShadric C. Grady, Yun Ding, Kenneth E. Lind, Christopher P. Davie, Christopher B. Phelps y Ghotas Evindar. "Development of a Selection Method for Discovering Irreversible (Covalent) Binders from a DNA-Encoded Library". SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 24, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2018): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555218808454.

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DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) have been broadly applied to identify chemical probes for target validation and lead discovery. To date, the main application of the DEL platform has been the identification of reversible ligands using multiple rounds of affinity selection. Irreversible (covalent) inhibition offers a unique mechanism of action for drug discovery research. In this study, we report a developing method of identifying irreversible (covalent) ligands from DELs. The new method was validated by using 3C protease (3CP) and on-DNA irreversible tool compounds (rupintrivir derivatives) spiked into a library at the same concentration as individual members of that library. After affinity selections against 3CP, the irreversible tool compounds were specifically enriched compared with the library members. In addition, we compared two immobilization methods and concluded that microscale columns packed with the appropriate affinity resin gave higher tool compound recovery than magnetic beads.

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Wang, Yulong, Xiaolu Zhang, Xiaolin Hu, Bo Zhang y Hang Su. "Dynamic Network Pruning with Interpretable Layerwise Channel Selection". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, n.º 04 (3 de abril de 2020): 6299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.6098.

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Dynamic network pruning achieves runtime acceleration by dynamically determining the inference paths based on different inputs. However, previous methods directly generate continuous decision values for each weight channel, which cannot reflect a clear and interpretable pruning process. In this paper, we propose to explicitly model the discrete weight channel selections, which encourages more diverse weights utilization, and achieves more sparse runtime inference paths. Meanwhile, with the help of interpretable layerwise channel selections in the dynamic network, we can visualize the network decision paths explicitly for model interpretability. We observe that there are clear differences in the layerwise decisions between normal and adversarial examples. Therefore, we propose a novel adversarial example detection algorithm by discriminating the runtime decision features. Experiments show that our dynamic network achieves higher prediction accuracy under the similar computing budgets on CIFAR10 and ImageNet datasets compared to traditional static pruning methods and other dynamic pruning approaches. The proposed adversarial detection algorithm can significantly improve the state-of-the-art detection rate across multiple attacks, which provides an opportunity to build an interpretable and robust model.

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