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Oliveira, Marli Dos Santos de, Maria Dilnéia Espíndola Fernandes y Elisangela Alves da Silva Scaff. "MUNICÍPIO, PODER LOCAL E PLANOS MUNICIPAIS DE EDUCAÇÃO". Cadernos de Pesquisa 28, n.º 1 (7 de enero de 2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2229.v28n1p207-225.
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As discussões acerca do planejamento educacional em geral e, em âmbito municipal em particular, exigem novas reflexões a fim de situar a materialização da autonomia municipal, sobretudo no que concerne à sua política educacional tendo como epicentro seu respectivo plano municipal de educação. O presente texto tem por objetivo contextualizar o município enquanto ente federativo situando tal status jurídico-normativo à materialização da sua autonomia em matéria educacional, a partir das discussões de poder local e plano municipal de educação. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa constitui-se bibliográfica e documental na medida em que se busca a compreensão da produção do conhecimento científico acerca de determinados recortes da realidade investigada. O reconhecimento do município como ente federativo requer novas aproximações acerca do papel das instâncias e sujeitos locais, sobretudo com o advento da legislação educacional posterior à promulgação da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, que delimita o papel do poder local em matéria educacional.Palavras-chave: Planejamento educacional. Educação Municipal. Planos Municipais de Educação.MUNICIPALITY, LOCAL POWER AND MUNICIPAL EDUCATION PLANSAbstract Discussions about educational planning in general and, at the municipal level in particular, require new reflections in order to situate the materialization of municipal autonomy, especially with regard to its educational policy having its respective municipal education plan as its epicenter. This text aims to contextualize the municipality as a federative entity, placing such legal-normative status to the materialization of its autonomy in educational matters, based on discussions of local power and the municipal education plan. Methodologically, the research constitutes bibliographic and documentary insofar as it seeks to understand the production of scientific knowledge about certain aspects of the investigated reality. The recognition of the municipality as a federative entity requires new approaches to the role of local bodies and individuals, especially with the advent of educational legislation after the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution, which delimits the role of local power in educational matters.Keywords: Educational planning. Municipal Education. Municipal Education Plans.PLANES DE MUNICIPIO, PODER LOCAL Y EDUCACIÓN MUNICIPALResumenLas discusiones sobre la planificación educativa en general y, a nivel municipal en particular, requieren nuevas reflexiones para ubicar la materialización de la autonomía municipal, especialmente en lo que se refiere a su política educativa que tiene como epicentro su respectivo plan de educación municipal. Este texto tiene como objetivo contextualizar el municipio como entidad federativa, situando tal estatus jurídico-normativo a la materialización de su autonomía en materia educativa, a partir de discusiones sobre el poder local y el plan educativo municipal. Metodológicamente, la investigación se constituye bibliográfica y documental en la medida en que busca comprender la producción de conocimiento científico sobre determinados aspectos de la realidad investigada. El reconocimiento del municipio como entidad federativa requiere nuevos enfoques del papel de los entes locales y de las personas, especialmente con el advenimiento de la legislación educativa tras la promulgación de la Constitución de 1988, que delimita el papel del poder local en materia educativa.Palabras clave: Planificación educativa. Educación Municipal. Planes de Educación Municipal.
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DE LA QUINTANA IBÁÑEZ, Ortzi. "Eusko legegileak Toki autonomiaren inguruan egindako apustua: Toki autonomia Euskadiko Toki Erakundeei buruzko apirilaren 7ko 2/2016 Legean". Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria, n.º 108 (30 de agosto de 2017): 325–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.108.2017.10.
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LABURPENA: Azken urteotan badirudi Toki Autonomia indarra galtzen joan dela beste printzipio batzuekin alderatuz, konkretuki aurrekontu egonkortasun eta finantza-jasangarritasunarekin. Bi printzipio hauek Toki Administrazioaren azkenengo erreformak baldintzatu dituzte. Baina aurreko urteko apirilean Euskadiko Toki Erakundeei buruzko apirilaren 7ko 2/2016 Legea (ETEL) argitaratu zen eta horrekin EAEko toki erakundeen autonomia indartzeko ahalegina egin zen. Lege hau da ahalegin horren produktua, eta horretan Toki Autonomiaren aldeko apustua egin da EAEk duen udal izaera eta garapena kontuan izanda. Gaur egun indarrean jarraitzen duen apustu horren adierazle handiak aurki daitezke legean zehar, Europako Toki Autonomiaren Hitzarmenarekin bat eginez eta udalerrien autonomia indartuz. Lan honetan toki autonomiaren adierazle diren ezaugarriak hartu eta ETELan duten isla aztertzen da. RESUMEN: Parece que en los últimos años la autonomía local ha ido cediendo fuerza en favor de otros principios como son la estabilidad presupuestaria y la sostenibilidad financiera. Estos son los principios que han impulsado las últimas reformas sobre la Administración Local. Pero en abril del año pasado se publicó la Ley 2/2016, de 7 de abril, de Entidades Locales de Euskadi (LILE) y con ella la CAV ha hecho un esfuerzo por impulsar la autonomía municipal. Esta ley es el producto de ese esfuerzo, donde a tenor de la naturaleza y concepción que la CAV tiene del municipio se ha apostado por la autonomía local. A lo largo de la Ley se pueden ver las expresiones de dicha apuesta que hoy día sigue en pie y que refuerza la autonomía local inspirada por la Carta Europea de la Autonomía Local. En este trabajo se van a tratar los indicadores de autonomía local y su reflejo en la LILE. ABSTRACT: It seems that during last years, local autonomy has yielded in favor of other principles as budget stability and financial sustainability. These are the principles that were bolstered by the last amendments on Local Administration. But last april it was published Act 2/2016 from April 7th on Local Entities of Euskadi and with it the Basque Autonomous Community has made and effort to bolster municipal autonomy. This Act is the consequence of that effort where in terms of the nature and conception that the Basque Autonomous community has over municipality, local autonomy has been fostered. Under the Act you can see expressions of that support that to this day stand and strengthen the local autonomy inspired by the European Charter of Local Autonomy. In this work we are going to deal with the local autonomy indicators and its expression within the Act on Local Entities.
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Copano-Ortiz, Luis. "Autonomía Local, Organización Territorial y Segregación Municipal". Revista de Estudios Andaluces, n.º 35 (2018): 63–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/rea.2018.i35.03.
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Ofiarska, Małgorzata. "MUNICIPAL COUNCILS’ AUTONOMY IN DETERMINING MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT FEES". Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, n.º 485 (2017): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2017.485.24.
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Nelson, Kimberly. "State-Level Autonomy and Municipal Government Structure". American Review of Public Administration 41, n.º 5 (9 de noviembre de 2010): 542–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074010382134.
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Lyon, Aisling. "Challenges to Municipal Fiscal Autonomy in Macedonia". Publius: The Journal of Federalism 44, n.º 4 (30 de agosto de 2013): 633–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjt032.
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Azevedo, Lucy Ferreira, Dolores Garcia y Marinalva Almeida Damacena Duarte De Sousa. "A Autonomia como Fator Fundante da Construção do Projeto Político Pedagógico do Centro Municipal de Educação Básica Helena Esteves". Revista de Ensino, Educação e Ciências Humanas 18, n.º 3 (14 de diciembre de 2017): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8733.2017v18n3p209-214.
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Apresentam-se como características da gestão democrática, a participação da comunidade na busca de autonomia, as tomadas de decisões, a descentralização do poder e o exercício da cidadania. Partindo deste pressuposto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo discorrer sobre a gestão democrática escolar, analisar a construção do Projeto Político Pedagógico e compreender a concepção de autonomia da comunidade do Centro Municipal Helena Esteves, em Barra do Garças-MT. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa de campo e a bibliográfica. Espera-se que este trabalho propicie corroborar na implementação e fortalecimento da gestão democrática escolar rumo à autonomia fundamentada na legitimidade do Projeto Político Pedagógico.Palavras-chave: Gestão Democrática. Projeto Político Pedagógico. Ensino.AbstractIt is presented as characteristics of democratic management the community participation in search of autonomy and decision making, power decentralization and citizenship. Based on the assumptions of this concept, this paper aims to discuss school democratic management, analyze the construction of political-pedagogical project and understand the autonomy concept of Helena Esteves Municipal School’s community. The methodology was field research and literature. The goal of this paper is to help the school in the implementation and strengthening of school democratic management towards autonomy based on the legitimacy of the Political Pedagogical Project.Keywords: Democratic Management. Political-Pedagogical Project. Teaching.
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Hernández Díaz, Jorge. "EL ÁMBITO LOCAL COMUNITARIO." Revista Pueblos y fronteras digital 8, n.º 16 (1 de diciembre de 2013): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cimsur.18704115e.2013.16.77.
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El reclamo de autonomía para los pueblos indígenas se ha expresado de diferentes maneras en cada una de las entidades de México. En Oaxaca esta demanda se traslapa con las exigencias por una mayor independencia municipal. Paradójicamente para este caso, el municipio es un ámbito en el que contienden localidades que buscan el respeto a su gobierno y a sus formas de organización social. La localidad, sustentada en el territorio y otros contenidos identitarios, se ha conformado históricamente después de la conquista española. A lo largo del tiempo, enfrentando diversas vicisitudes, ha mantenido sus particularidades tanto legalmente como de facto. En este texto se describe el proceso mediante el cual se han forjado las autonomías locales y se argumenta que para el caso de Oaxaca la autonomía adquiere mayor relevancia en el nivel local comunitario.
THE LOCAL COMMUNITY AS A REAFFIRMATION OF INDIGENOUS AUTONOMYABSTRACTThe claim of autonomy for indigenous peoples is expressed differently in each Mexican state. In Oaxaca, this claim overlaps demands for greater municipal independence. Paradoxically, in this case, the municipality is an scope in which different local communities contend in search of respect for their own government and forms of social organization. Historically speaking, the local community, based on territory and other identity-related contents, was constituted after the Spanish Conquest. Throughout time, and facing various vicissitudes, the local community has maintained its specificities both legally and in practice. This article describes the process through which local autonomy has been forged and argues that in the case of Oaxaca, autonomy acquires greater relevance at the level of the local communities.
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Mohanty, Prasanna K. "Municipal Decentralisation and Governance: Autonomy, Accountability and Participation". Indian Journal of Public Administration 41, n.º 1 (enero de 1995): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119950102.
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Klaus, Jacopo. "Do municipal autonomy and institutional fragmentation stand in the way of antisprawl policies? A qualitative comparative analysis of Swiss cantons". Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, n.º 9 (27 de febrero de 2019): 1622–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808319833377.
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Our study aims to explore whether simultaneous municipal autonomy and institutional fragmentation foster urban sprawl. We discuss the hypothesis that in such a setting, competition between municipalities to attract development leads to high degrees of urban sprawl. A comparison of the 26 Swiss cantons was carried out using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis combining the aforementioned conditions with other urban sprawl drivers. As a result, four consistent, sufficient combinations of conditions were identified. These combinations show that municipal autonomy and institutional fragmentation are indeed linked to high degrees of urban sprawl. This is especially true when municipal autonomy and institutional fragmentation are combined with the economic triggers of competition between municipalities and oversized designated building zones. These results draw attention to the necessity of stronger supra-municipal coordination within the framework of Swiss land use planning policy.
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Kambič, Marko. "Self-government and Autonomy of Statutory Municipalities in the Light of Historical Sources for the »Provincial Capital of Ljubljana«". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 6, n.º 4 (4 de septiembre de 2009): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/62.
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Today, a municipality is automatically considered as a basic local self-governing (and autonomous) community. Nevertheless, we need to keep in mind that the contemporary understanding of the municipality and its regulations are the fruit of the long development that - in Central Europe - began over 150 years ago as the foundations for modern regulations were laid. This paper briefly illustrates the draft and legal bases for the modern concept of municipal administration. It focuses on the legal position of the most important statutory municipalities in the Habsburg Monarchy at which it uses the town of Ljubljana as an example. The paper also deals with the important issue of the relationship between the institutions of self-government and autonomy. Based on the analysis of the historical legal sources, it shows that local autonomy should not be equated, as is often the case, with the concept of local self-government. It further maintains that the old Austrian municipalities were at least formally autonomous and that their autonomy was limited in the interest of the state. On the basis of archive sources for Ljubljana, it ascertains that the municipality was autonomous only as far as it could choose the moment and mode of regulating certain municipal affairs and as far as it could take into account local specifics in adopting the norms, which proved to be quite sufficient under the given circumstances. Namely, the municipal autonomy was one of the factors that significantly contributed to the rise in the standard of living for the inhabitants of Ljubljana at the end of the 19th century. Last but not least, it also contributed to the victory in the struggle for the Slovenian national rights.
Key words: • municipality • statutory municipality • town • local government • self-government • autonomy • municipal self-government • municipal autonomy • independent sphere of activity • delegated sphere of activity • town charter • Austrian Monarchy • Ljubljana • Slovenia
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Favato, Deivid Dener Pereira Coelho y Márcio Roberto Toledo. "Federalismo, emancipação e dependência de municípios: uma análise da cidade de Santa Cruz de Minas-MG / Federalism, emancipation and dependence of municipalities: an analysis of Santa Cruz de Minas city-MG". Caderno de Geografia 27, n.º 48 (16 de enero de 2017): 184–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2017v27n48p184.
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O presente artigo trata da questão da forma federalista de organização do Estado Brasileiro e suas implicações na organização político-econômica em território nacional. Uma das possibilidades que apresenta esta forma de estado é a da autonomia de seus entes federados, a nível municipal. Em âmbito municipal esta consideração resulta em processos de emancipação de distritos, com vistas a adquirir o status de município autônomo. Entretanto a emancipação sem critérios adequados de avaliação socioeconômica dos distritos envolvidos acaba por gerar municípios pequenos, muitos abaixo de 10 mil habitantes e “dependentes” de repasses do governo para sanarem suas contas públicas. Este artigo articula este debate e apresenta um breve estudo de caso sobre a dependência de repasses do governo da cidade de Santa Cruz de Minas, que emancipou-se recentemente da cidade de Tiradentes e curiosamente recebe o título de a menor cidade do Brasil em extensão territorial.Palavras-chave: federalismo, emancipação, autonomia, dependência municipal, Santa Cruz de Minas.AbstractThis present article discusses the issue of federalism form of the Brazilian State organization and its implications in the political-economic organization in national territory. One of some possibilities that this form of state shows is the autonomy of its federal entities, in municipal level. In municipal field this concern results in emancipation district process, aspiring to acquire the autonomous municipality status. However the emancipation process without appropriate socioeconomics analysis criteria of the involved districts results in creation of small towns, many below 10 thousand inhabitants and “dependent” of government transfers to remedy its public accounts. This article articulates this debate and presents a short case study about the government transfers dependency of the city of Santa Cruz de Minas, that it’s emancipated recently to the city of Tiradentes and curiously receives the title of the smallest city of Brazil in territorial extension.Keywords: federalism, emancipation, autonomy, municipal dependence, Santa Cruz de Minas
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Linde Paniagua, Enrique. "Las diputaciones provinciales y su futuro incierto". Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, n.º 41 (28 de mayo de 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.41.2018.22119.
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Las diputaciones provinciales son en la actualidad indispensables, habida cuenta del minifundismo municipal español. No obstante nada impide que las diputaciones se extingan y sus funciones se pasen a desempeñar por otras corporaciones representativas. En el trabajo se sostiene la tesis de que resulta posible la supresión de las diputaciones y su sustitución por las comunidades autónomas. Pero es igualmente posible la sustitución de las diputaciones provinciales por entes locales que pongan fin al minifundismo municipal. La primera alternativa supondría el incremento considerable de las competencias de las comunidades autónomas con merma de la autonomía local. Por el contrario, la segunda alternativa pondría fin al minifundismo municipal y preservaría de manera más efectiva la autonomía local. Finalmente se considera que el futuro de las diputaciones provinciales no debe trazarse de manera independiente de la nueva configuración del Estado de las Autonomías, pues la elección de una de las dos soluciones apuntadas, o de otras, depende de dicha nueva configuración.Provincial councils are currently indispensable, given the Spanish municipal smallholding. However nothing prevents the deputies are extinguished and their functions are transferred to other representative corporations. In the work the thesis is sustained that it is possible the suppression of the deputations and their substitution by the autonomous communities. But it is also possible to substitute provincial councils for local entities that put an end to municipal smallholding. The first alternative would involve a considerable increase in the competences of the autonomous communities, with a reduction in local autonomy. On the contrary, the second alternative would put an end to municipal smallholding and preserve local autonomy more effectively. Finally, it is considered that the future of the provincial councils should not be traced independently of the new configuration of the State of the Autonomous Regions, since the choice of one of the two pointed solutions, or others, depends on this new configuration.
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Sedmihradská, Lucie y Eduard Bakoš. "Municipal Tax Autonomy and Tax Mimicking in Czech Municipalities". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 14, n.º 1 (7 de septiembre de 2015): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/14.1.75-92(2016).
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Property tax autonomy of the Czech municipalities is quite narrow and to great extent unused. Perceived political costs of its usage are high and only 8% of municipalities utilized the possibility to increase the tax rates through so called local coefficient.
Using the binary logit model and a full sample and two subsamples of Czech municipalities in 2014 the existence of tax mimicking is confirmed regardless the subsample of municipalities considered or the definition of neighbors applied. The likelihood to increase the local coefficient is to some extent influenced by the composition of the municipal council and local demographic, geographic and fiscal situation. However, the overall capacity of the model to indicate municipalities which apply local coefficient is low and suggests that there are many other or different situations or factors which result in application of local coefficient.
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Debela, Ketema Wakjira. "Local governance in Switzerland: Adequate municipal autonomy cumintergovernmental cooperation?" Cogent Social Sciences 6, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2020): 1763889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2020.1763889.
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Copano Ortiz, Luis y Jesús Ventura Fernández. "PROCESOS RECIENTES DE SEGREGACIÓN E INCORPORACIÓN DE MUNICIPIOS EN ANDALUCÍA. ¿LA FUSIÓN O LA COOPERACIÓN COMO SOLUCIÓN AL MINIFUNDISMO LOCAL? / / / \ \ \ RECENT PROCESSES OF SEGREGATION AND INCORPORATION OF MUNICIPALITIES IN ANDALUCÍA. FUSION OR COOPERATION AS A SOLUTION TO LOCAL MINIFUNDISM?" TERRA: Revista de Desarrollo Local, n.º 6 (29 de julio de 2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/terra.6.17406.
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Resumen. El mapa municipal andaluz está compuesto en la actualidad por 785 municipios, aunque esta realidad política, administrativa y territorial ha experimentado un auge importante de los fenómenos segregacionistas durante el período constitucional, siendo especialmente numerosos durante la última década, con la creación de 14 municipios, con base jurídica mayoritaria en la Ley de Autonomía Local de Andalucía (2010). Con la Ley, estatal, de Racionalización y Sostenibilidad de la Administración Local (2013), se han endurecido las condiciones para la segregación, estableciéndose el umbral poblacional mínimo de 5.000 habitantes y su viabilidad financiera. El objetivo de esta investigación es profundizar en la posición actual de la Junta de Andalucía en los procesos de segregación e incorporación de términos municipales, así como en las posibilidades segregacionistas futuras. Para ello se aplicará, a modo de metodología, una revisión de toda la normativa sobre régimen local y de sus repercusiones en el mapa municipal andaluz. Los principales resultados exponen la panorámica actual al respecto. Y como conclusión, se presentarán diversas alternativas: bien la fusión de municipios de escasa entidad poblacional y con problemas financieros, o bien el reforzamiento de figuras de cooperación territorial (mancomunidades, consorcios) o la creación de entidades supramunicipales (comarcas administrativas, áreas metropolitanas).
Palabras clave: Autonomía Local, Mapa municipal, Nuevos ayuntamientos, Segregación, Andalucía.
Abstract. The Andalusian municipal map is currently composed of 785 municipalities, although this political, administrative and territorial reality has experienced a significant boom in segregationist phenomena during the constitutional period, being especially numerous during the last decade, with the creation of 14 municipalities, with a majority legal basis in the Local Autonomy Law of Andalusia (2010). With the State Law on Rationalization and Sustainability of the Local Administration (2013), the conditions for segregation have been tightened, establishing a minimum population threshold of 5,000 inhabitants and their financial viability. The objective of this research is to deepen the current position of the Junta de Andalucía in the processes of segregation and incorporation of municipality, as well as future segregationist possibilities. For this end, a review of all the regulations on local government and their repercussions on the Andalusian municipal map will be applied as a methodology. The main results set out the current overview in this regard. And as a conclusion, various alternatives will be presented: either the merger of municipalities with small population and financial problems, or the strengthening of territorial cooperation figures (communities of municipalities, consortiums) or the creation of supra-municipal entities (administrative regions, metropolitan areas).
Key words: Local autonomy, Municipal map, New councils, Segregation, Andalucía.
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LASAGABASTER HERRARTE, IÑAKI. "PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS Y GRUPOS MUNICIPALES: UN DEBATE NO CERRADO SOBRE SUS RELACIONES JURÍDICAS". RVAP 98, n.º 98 (1 de abril de 2014): 225–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.98.2014.07.
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En el trabajo se analiza la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional
10/2013, que confirma la dictada por el Tribunal Supremo, precisando que el Alto
órgano constitucional desconoce su jurisprudencia, ya consolidada, sobre la diferenciación
entre partidos políticos y grupos municipales. La intervención de los
tribunales, sin habilitación legal, resolviendo sobre la regulación y existencia de
grupos municipales es contraria a la autonomía local. Lan honek Konstituzio Auzitegiaren 10/2013 Epaia du aztergai.
Epai horrek Auzitegi Gorenak emandakoa berresten du, zeinaren arabera organo
konstituzional gorenak ez duen ezagutzen alderdi politikoen eta udal-taldeen arteko
aldeari buruzko jurisprudentzia, finkatuta dagoena. Auzitegiek, lege-gaikuntzarik
gabe, udal-taldeen erregulazioari eta existentziari buruzko erabakiak hartzea tokiko
autonomiaren aurkakoa da. In this work, we analyze the Constitutional Court judgement
10/2013, which upholds the Supreme Court ruling specifying that the Higher
Constitutional body does not know its case law, already well-established, about
the distinction between political parties and municipal political groups. The
intervention of courts, without legal authorization, solving the regulation and
existence of municipal political groups is contrary to local autonomy.
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van Houwelingen, Pepijn. "Local autonomy, municipal size and local political participation in Europe". Policy Studies 39, n.º 2 (4 de marzo de 2018): 188–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2018.1451500.
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ETXEBARRIA ETXEITA, Ignacio Javier. "Organización y funcionamiento municipal y personal directivo público profesional". Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria, n.º 107-II (28 de abril de 2017): 349–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.107.2017.2.10.
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LABURPENA: Euskadiko Toki Erakundeei buruzko Legeak udal-funtzionamendua eta -antolaketa arautzen ditu, eta udal-autonomia indartzen du, estatuko legediarekin erkatuta areagotu egin baitu tokiko entitateen autoantolakuntzarako gaitasuna, bidea emanez tokiko gobernuek modu gardenagoan joka dezaten eta hautetsiek lana eta familia hobeto uztar ditzaten. Legeak, horrez gain, tokiko gobernuak indartzea lortu nahi du, eta, horretarako, eskuordetze-teknikak jaso, eta modu aitzindarian arautu du zuzendari publiko profesionalen figura; oraingoz, hala ere, 40.000 biztanletik gorako udalerrietarako mugatu da. RESUMEN: La Ley de Instituciones Locales de Euskadi regula la organización y funcionamiento municipal y potencia la autonomía municipal al incrementar respecto a la legislación estatal la capacidad de autoorganización de las entidades locales posibilitando una actuación de los gobiernos locales más transparente y una mejor conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar de las corporativas y corporativos. La Ley busca asimismo potenciar los gobiernos locales y para ello incorpora técnicas de delegación y de forma pionera regula la figura de los directivos públicos profesionales si bien de momento limitada a los municipios con una población superior a los 40.000 habitantes. ABSTRACT: The Act on Local Entities of Euskadi regulates the municipalorganization and functioning and enhances the municipal autonomy by increasing as compared to the State legislation the self-government capacity of local entities enabling a more transparent operation by local governments and a better labour and family reconciliation of municipalities memberships. The Act also seeks to promote local governments and to do this it includes techniques of delegation and in a pioneer way it regulates the figure of public professional managers though only limited to those municipalities with a population exceeding 40.000 inhabitants.
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Letelier S, Leonardo y Hector Ormeño C. "Education and fiscal decentralization. The case of municipal education in Chile". Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 36, n.º 8 (2 de abril de 2018): 1499–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418761888.
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Chile implemented a radical reform in favor of decentralization at the beginning of the 1980s, with municipalities taking over the administration of public school education. The government that came to power in 2014 is committed to revert this reform, removing public schools from municipal control. Using panel data gathered between 2005 and 2013, this study shows that municipalities with greater autonomy performed better when administrating schools. Two major conclusions may be drawn. First, selective decentralization in favor of more autonomous municipalities is a better public policy approach relative to an all across the board solution. Second, since this autonomy is very unevenly distributed across municipal governments, a renewed and more effective fiscal equalization system should be established in Chile.
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Kulisek, Larry y Trevor Price. "Ontario Municipal Policy Affecting Local Autonomy: A Case Study Involving Windsor and Toronto". Articles 16, n.º 3 (7 de agosto de 2013): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017734ar.
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During the first great burst of urban growth in Canada from the beginning of the 20th century and on into the 1920s it was generally the municipalities, either singly or collectively, which fostered policy innovation and new services. Provinces generally did little at that time, either to foster new policies or rein in local autonomy. It was only after the economic setbacks of the depression and a renewed spirit of urban development after 1945 that provincial direction over municipalities became much more significant. This paper is a case study of two major policy crises which threatened the viability of the whole municipal system in Ontario. In the 1930s the Border Cities (Metropolitan Windsor) faced bankruptcy and economic collapse and placed in jeopardy the credit of the province. In the early 1950s the inability of Metropolitan Toronto to create area-wide solutions to severe servicing problems threatened to stall the main engine of provincial growth. The case study demonstrates how a reluctant provincial government intervened to create new metropolitan arrangements for the two areas and accompanied this with a greatly expanded structure of provincial oversight including a strengthened Ontario Municipal Board and a specific department to handle municipal affairs. The objective of the policy was to bolster local government rather than to narrow municipal autonomy.
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Hernández, Antonio María. "The Municipal Regime, the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the Metropolitan Areas in the Argentine Federation". Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 53, n.º 1 (2020): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-2020-1-51.
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The Argentine Constitution, especially after the 1994 Constitutional Reform, established a federal structure of four orders of government: Federal, Provinces, the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and Municipal. Also, Provinces have the possibility to create regions for economic and social development. In this first point, some characteristics are highlighted, such as the tendency towards centralization. The autonomous municipal regime is analyzed in the second point. The municipal regime was inserted in the original Constitution of 1853, but throughout the history there has been a debate about its nature, ranging from autarchy to autonomy. In the 1994 Constitutional Reform, municipal autonomy was recognized, with five aspects: institutional, political, administrative, financial, and economic. In the third point, the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires is studied. It is a City-State, with a nature similar to that of the Provinces and is represented in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Senate of the Nation. Its own Constitution was drafted in 1996. The phenomenon of metropolitan areas of Buenos Aires and Cordoba are briefly considered, in the fourth point. And, finally, in the fifth point, the transcendent relationship between the autonomous municipal regime and the federal republic and the role of cities in the globalized world are reflected.
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Gilev, Alexei y Irina Shevtsova. "The conflict free arena? Effects of procedure of selecting local heads in large Russian cities". Political Science (RU), n.º 2 (2021): 260–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/poln/2021.02.10.
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Local self-government in Russia throughout its history has remained a place for constant reforming. Amendments to the federal law from 2015 introduced a new procedure of selecting local heads or mayors – through competition commissions with a subsequent vote in local assemblies. By now, this selection model has become the most widespread among Russian municipalities. There is no surprise that regional authorities encourage the introduction of this selection model as it endows them with more power over local elites. In our study, we question whether the new model of selecting municipal heads via competition leave the room for municipal autonomy? In which cases we can detect instances of administrative autonomy? To answer these questions, we rely on the new data on the voting results within municipal assemblies in 158 cases of selecting local mayors in Russian cities with population of more than 100 thousand people. The key findings stem from the regression analysis and they are as follows. Firstly, the competition procedure in big cities leaves little room for local autonomy, even in competitive cities the winning candidates receive an overwhelming majority of votes in local assemblies. Secondly, uniform voting is more widespread in mono-towns, while the development of small and medium-size business does not prevent the elite consolidation and even strengthens the loyalty of local assemblies. There is some evidence of ‘the disciplining effect’ of the so-called ‘varangian’ governors. Lastly, a more competitive electoral profile as well as the presence of local intra-elite clashes reinforces the voting diversity and autonomy of local assemblies.
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VELASCO CABALLERO, Francisco. "Competencias de los municipios vascos: tipología y régimen jurídico". Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria, n.º 107-II (28 de abril de 2017): 269–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.107.2017.2.08.
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LABURPENA: Euskadiko Toki Erakundeei buruzko Legeak (2016) zenbait berrikuntza garrantzitsu dakartza toki-eskumenei dagokienez. Sistema foru-arauekin eta Eusko Legebiltzarreko sektoreko legeekin osatu behar da. Batetik, udal-eskumenen arloak zehatz jaso dira; bigarrenik, eskumen propio, transferitu edo eskuordetuen arteko bereizketa hirukoitza txertatu du. Eta, garrantzitsuena, udal-eskumenen nahikoa finantzaketa bermatzeko sistema berritzailea ezarri da, gure eskumen eskuduntza berri osoak «finantzaketa aurreikuspen zehatza» izan behar du, atxikita. Berrikuntza horietako batzuk (bereziki eskumen berri bakoitzeko finantzaketa nahikoa aurreikusteari dagokiona) kautelaz garatu behar dira, udal-helburuak ez dezan mugatu tokiko autonomia erreala. RESUMEN: La Ley de Instituciones Locales de Euskadi (2016) incorpora varias novedades importantes en relación con las competencias locales. Este sistema habrá de ser completado con las leyes sectoriales del Parlamento vasco y con las normas forales. De un lado, se enuncian con detalle las materias competenciales municipales; en segundo lugar se introduce una distinción triple entre competencias propias, transferidas y delegadas. Y, lo más importante, se establece un sistema novedoso de garantía de la suficiencia financiera de las competencias municipales, de manera que toda nueva atribución competencial debe llevar aparejada una previsión «específica de financiación». Algunas de estas novedades (en especial la previsión de suficiencia financiera de cada nueva competencia) deben ser desarrolladas con cautela, para evitar que el fin municipalista al que sirven acaben por limitar la autonomía local real. ABSTRACT: The Act on Local Institutions of Euskadi (2016) boasts several important novelties in relation with local competences. This system eventually shall be completed with specific legislation enacted by the Basque Parliament and with foral laws. On the one hand, municipal competences areas are stated at length; secondly, it introduces a threefold distinction between own, transferred and delegated competences. And, more importantly, it establishes an innovative system of guarantee for the financial sufficiency of the municipal competences so that any new allocation of powers shall carry an up-front «specific provision of financing». Some of these novelties (specially the provision for a financial sufficiency attached to every new competence) have to be carefully implemented in order to avoid that the municipal aim they serve does not restrict real local autonomy.
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Chernyavsky, A. y K. Vartapetov. "Finacial Decentralization and Local Self-governance in the Period of Reforms". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n.º 10 (20 de octubre de 2003): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2003-10-94-107.
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This paper reviews Russian municipal budget revenues and expenditures reforms in 1992–2002. Recent tax reforms have resulted in the decrease of local fiscal autonomy. Municipal budget revenues have dropped sharply in relative as well as absolute terms. Despite significant formal expenditure powers Russian municipalities are completely financially dependent on higher-level governments. Within regions regional governments have continued to increasingly finance municipal social expenditures. The examination of possible scenarios of development after the enactment of the draft law"On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-governance in the Russian Federation" shows that the fiscal centralization trend will continue.
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Vukojicic Tomic, Tijana y Romea Manojlović Toman. "Role of the Sub-Municipal Government in Croatia – Learning from a Positive Experience". Review of European and Comparative Law 39, n.º 4 (7 de julio de 2020): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.4783.
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Sub-municipal government is an instrument that complements traditional forms of citizen participation and as such contributes to the democratization of the decision-making process on local interests. The main task of sub-municipal government in Croatia is to serve as the consultation and communication mechanism within local units, allowing alternative representation of small communities’ interest, parallel with local councils. However, sub-municipal government has a rather weak position in terms of autonomy, financing, low transparency, size and other. Nevertheless, examples of some Croatian cities demonstrate the democratization potential of sub-municipal government. In this paper, a survey has been conducted in the city of Rijeka (third biggest in Croatia) with questionnaire being send to all of its sub-municipal units. The goal of the survey was to assess which roles sub-municipal units have. The results have shown that the role of sub-municipal local units as activators of local activities is the most developed one. The results are then used to provide guidance for further improvement of sub-municipal system in Croatia.
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Barría Traverso, Diego. "Municipalization as Debureaucratization: Municipal Reform Movement in Nineteenth Century". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 16, n.º 1 (2 de enero de 2018): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/10.4335/16.1.129-146(2018).
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This article the efforts made by certain political actors to change Chilean municipal institutionality between 1854 and 1891. It shows that the initial design guaranteed central government control over the municipalities. This led political actors that are against an active role of the state, to seek to modify its design by giving municipalities greater autonomy. This study shows two issues that are relevant to the theoretical debate. First, bureaucratization generate conflicts, and even antibureaucratic reactions. Secondly, municipalization is not always a univocal concept, but rather that its content depends on the administrative characteristics and traditions of each territory.
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Cholho Choi. "The Interpretation & Limitations of Municipal Ordinance in Local Autonomy Act in Japan". Local Government Law Journal 7, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2007): 331–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21333/lglj.2007.7.3.012.
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Zakomorna, Kateryna. "The principle of municipal autonomy as a guarantee of decentralization of public power". Entrepreneurship, Economy and Law, n.º 2 (2021): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32849/2663-5313/2021.2.26.
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Van Loon, Jannes, Stijn Oosterlynck y Manuel B. Aalbers. "Governing urban development in the Low Countries: From managerialism to entrepreneurialism and financialization". European Urban and Regional Studies 26, n.º 4 (28 de septiembre de 2018): 400–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776418798673.
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Has the post-war managerial approach to urban governance in the Netherlands and Flanders been replaced by more entrepreneurial and financialized forms? In this paper, we study the transformation of urban governance in the Low Countries through city case studies of Apeldoorn (Netherlands) and Antwerp (Belgium). We show how Dutch urban governance is financialized by connecting local public finance with financialized real estate markets through municipal land banks. However, inter-municipal financial solidarity and ring-fencing municipalities from financial markets create specific continental European processes of financialization. Flemish municipalities, in contrast, have shifted from a model of laissez-faire urban development (embedded in a system of large municipal autonomy) towards entrepreneurial urban growth regimes, in which technocratic public and private actors have increased access to public financial resources, which are used to create large urban renewal projects. In Belgium, autonomous municipal real estate corporations are a crucial instrument for connecting municipal finance to the real estate market.
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Модникова y Tatyana Modnikova. "TO THE QUESTION OF AUTONOMY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN MODERN RUSSIA". Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences 10, n.º 6 (27 de noviembre de 2015): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16969.
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The article investigates the autonomy of local governments in addressing to issues of local importance in the modern science of constitutional and municipal law. The author shows the different approaches to this issue, analyzing the role of public authorities and their powers.
The author substantiates the Russian Federation as a sovereign state which has the right to provide adequate measures of responsibility of local authorities and elected officials of local self-government.
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Keuffer, Nicolas y Vincent Mabillard. "Administrative openness and diversity in Swiss municipalities: how does local autonomy influence transparency practices?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 86, n.º 4 (11 de abril de 2019): 782–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852318823278.
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The increasing demand for transparency has recently fostered greater openness within public administrations. Considered as an essential tool of good governance, transparency helps reinforce the perceived legitimacy of authorities. At the same time, local autonomy has been increasingly embraced in recent decades and recommended by many international institutions. This article combines these two concepts and seeks to highlight the causal relationship that binds them. Given its diversity, Switzerland offers fertile ground for assessing the influence of local autonomy on information-dissemination practices through a comparative perspective. To do so, this article has adopted a mixed approach, based on the creation of a transparency index for two Swiss cantons and on interviews conducted with elected officials from 16 municipalities. The results show, on the one hand, that transparency practices diverge sharply between Swiss municipalities and, on the other hand, that autonomy does have an influence on the degree of transparency at the local level. They encourage further reflection on local government practices and methods to measure what they mean for relations between authorities and citizens. Points for practitioners In this article, the development of a transparency index provides an insight into the very diverse online information-dissemination practices of Swiss municipalities. It reveals that municipal autonomy has a positive impact on the degree of transparency at the local level. The interviews conducted also show that proximity to citizens makes it possible to circumvent the lack of resources available to smaller municipalities through more direct information channels. These results encourage proactive communication by elected municipal officials.
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Kopańska, Agnieszka. "Partial Fiscal Decentralization and Local Government Spending Policy". e-Finanse 14, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2018): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2018-0017.
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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyze how limits in revenue and spending autonomy of sub-sovereign governments influence their decisions. Revenue and spending autonomy indicators for Polish towns were established and used in analysis on school education expenditures during 2003–2016. The influence of limits on revenue autonomy on municipal spending has been extensively addressed in both theoretical and empirical literature. However, studies related to spending autonomy are rare. The analysis presented in this paper suggests that when limits exist in spending autonomy, more decentralized tasks are crowded out by regulated obligations. That is why the spending autonomy analysis is important to evaluate the equity between local units and the adequacy of local revenues to decentralized expenditures.The basic principle of local finance is that there should be an adequate relationship between the financial resources available to a local authority and the tasks it performs. However, in practice, the assessment of whether this has been achieved is very difficult. Often, only problems with the solvency of local governments indicate that we are dealing with a poorly constructed system of local finances. The expenditure autonomy indicator proposed in this article is a tool that provides a way to indicate problems with the adequacy of revenues before such anextreme situation occurs.
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Petersen, Niels y Konstantin Chatziathanasiou. "Balancing Competences? Proportionality as an Instrument to Regulate the Exercise of Competences after the PSPP Judgment of the Bundesverfassungsgericht". European Constitutional Law Review 17, n.º 2 (junio de 2021): 314–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019621000201.
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Analysis of proportionality in the context of Article 5 TEU after the PSPP judgment – Bundesverfassungsgericht challenging Court of Justice to control European Central Bank’s motives – Doctrinal tradition of ‘smoking out’ illicit motives through proportionality – Article 5(4) TEU: proportionality of exercise of competences, primarily safeguarding member states’ autonomy – Court of Justice case law on proportionality: deferential standard of review towards measures of EU institutions – Bundesverfassungsgericht case law on federal competences and municipal autonomy: less deferential but still respectful standard of review – PSPP inconsistent with case law and with Article 5 TEU – Balancing-stage of proportionality unsuitable for motive control
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L’Heureux, Jacques. "Les premières institutions municipales au Québec ou « machines à taxer »". Histoire du droit et des institutions 20, n.º 1-2 (12 de abril de 2005): 331–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042320ar.
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The first general municipal institutions in Quebec were adopted by the Special Council in 1840 when Governor Sydenham found that the Act of Union did not make provision for them. These institutions included local corporations — parishes and townships — and regional corporations — the districts. Parishes and townships had very few powers. Districts had limited powers on local matters. All municipal corporations had little autonomy and were under the strict control of the Governor. Nevertheless, their creation was bound to lead to more important and more autonomous municipal institutions. French Canadians were opposed to these institutions, partly because they seemed to belong to the set of post-Rebellion measures such as the union of the two Canadas and the setting up of the Special Council, and partly because the new municipal corporations had the power to levy taxes. Their opposition succeeded in paralysing these institutions, which were replaced by new ones in 1845.
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Bocquet, Denis y Filippo de Pieri. "Public works and municipal government in two Italian capital cities: Comparing technical bureaucracies in Turin and Rome, 1848–88". Modern Italy 7, n.º 2 (noviembre de 2002): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1353294022000012943.
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SummaryThe article draws a comparison between nineteenth-century Turin and Rome, linking the growth of technical bureaucracies in the municipal institutions of both cities to the local struggles for control over urban space. In both post-1848 Turin and post-1870 Rome, the implementation of new institutional reforms offered local city councils an opportunity to gain more power and autonomy than they had enjoyed in the recent past. The organization and the role of municipal technical services were therefore affected, with quite opposite results, by the conflicts opened with the state about the redefinition of the province of local government
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Tropea, Joseph L. "Rational Capitalism and Municipal Government: The Progressive Era". Social Science History 13, n.º 2 (1989): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016321.
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Municipal administration was changed dramatically in the United States during the Progressive Era. Most explanations of this transformation have been society centered rather than state centered. Society-centered explanations, based on such factors as social movements, ethnicity, religion, social class, occupational composition, and population size have not provided a coherent account of the range and nature of the transformations in municipal administration in the Progressive Era. For example, democracy was expanded through municipal autonomy delegated by state legislatures and contracted by limiting ward representation, business practices were copied organizationally and challenged legally, and municipal administration was decentralized in proprietary functions and centralized in bureaucracy. Most importantly, society-centered factors have not accounted for the legal shaping of the state, in particular in framing the municipality’s administration and proprietary transactions. Empirical relationships between such state-centered changes as court-mandated contract responsibilities and, for example, social class or ethnicity have not been established—nor can they be cogently argued.
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Larichev, A. "The specifics of the corporate model of local self-government and the divergence of modern approaches to self-government at the local level in the Commonwealth countries". Law Enforcement Review 2, n.º 4 (28 de diciembre de 2018): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2018.2(4).86-97.
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The subject of the article is models of local self-government in Commonwealth countries.The purpose of this article is to substantiate or refute the hypothesis post-corporate model of local self-government is evolved.Methods of theoretical analysis are used, as well as legal methods, including the formal legal method and the method of comparative law.The main results and scope of their application. The corporate model of local government can be characterized by the following features: the lack of full constitutional recognition of local government as an independent form of public authority; formal institutional autonomy of municipal units as public (private-public) corporations of a special type that are not included into the system of state power; limited functional autonomy; lack of constitutional recognition of citizens’ or local communities’ right(s) to local self-government; limited accountability of local governments to the population, including the lack of sufficient legislative guarantees for the election of local authorities. These characteristics, grounded also in the historical specificity of local government development in Great Britain and its colonies, as well as in peculiarities of development of municipal units’ status in English law, are determined by the corporate character of municipal government, which does not arise from the power of communities, but is formed by the state "from above". The author also analyzes the differences in approaches to regulation and organization of local government in the Commonwealth countries.Overcoming the historical heritage, laid by the genesis of municipal corporations, in a number of Commonwealth states, indicates the formation of a new, post-corporate model of local government, which can be characterized by some features: the establishment of constitutional autonomy of local government as a special form of public power, its development as a form of democracy with greater control over the forms of self-government and governance at the local level by the population, as well as the establishment of a link between self-government and the local community. The proposed analysis may become a crucial point for future research in the field of post-corporate model of local self-government.Conclusions. Such countries as Australia and Ireland can presently be considered in a state of transition to the post-corporate model of local self-government.
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Hruza, Filip. "Municipal Bankruptcy: Pilot Experience from Czech Republic". Review of European Studies 8, n.º 1 (2 de febrero de 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v8n1p87.
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<p>Local governments are important parts of public sector and they play significant role in daily life of residents. Their role is usually underestimated in comparison with central government tasks and responsibilities. Residents usually realize the real importance of municipal role when municipalities are in financial problems or even bankruptcy and for these reasons they have to restrict their services. This research paper focuses on the issue of financially distressed Czech municipalities and relevant financial areas or indicators in period prior financial problems of municipalities similar to a bankruptcy. This case study is specific due to the fact that this country misses bankruptcy legislation for municipalities and small total number of already existing cases of municipal bankruptcy due to limited time period of their higher autonomy after 1989. Thus the research sample of comparable cases is very limited and this paper serves as a pilot case study. The research for this paper is focused on the financial management of municipalities from the perspective of negative financial situations and the preceding phase to reveal and achieve certain preliminary findings and experience as a pilot lesson for financial management improvements and further exploration and research.</p>
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Andersen, Ole Johan y Harald Torsteinsen. "“The Master of the House”—Agencies in Municipal Service Provision: Balancing Autonomy and Accountability". Administration & Society 49, n.º 5 (21 de noviembre de 2014): 730–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399714555749.
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The article raises the question of to what extent municipalities adopting reforms of decentralization are able to find a stable balance between strategic management and operational autonomy. We performed a case study in a Norwegian municipality with more than 10 years of experience in practicing the agency model characterized by a radical disaggregation and autonomization of functions. Our findings suggest that finding a stable balance seems hard to obtain. Instead, there is a continuous process of “negotiation” going on between the two levels. The risk of sliding back to hierarchy and central rule seems to be more or less permanent.
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Hoffman, István. "Challenges of the Implementation of the European Charter of Local Self-Government in the Hungarian Legislation". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 16, n.º 4 (23 de octubre de 2018): 929–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/16.4.929-938(2018).
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The article reviews the changing approach on the nature of local governance in Hungary. During the Democratic Transition the evolvement of the Hungarian municipal system was based on the paradigm and approach of the European Charter of Local Government. Thus one of the most autonomous local government system of Europe evolved in Hungary. Although the municipal reforms were basically successful, several dysfunctional phenomena could be observed and the request for the municipal reforms was strong from the late 1990s in Hungary. The new constitution of Hungary, the Fundamental Law introduced a new model. The approach of the local governance has been transformed: the autonomy of the municipalities have been limited. Thus the autonomous nature of the Hungarian model changed and new challenges have appeared in the field of the implementation of the regulation of the Charter.
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Ferreira, Ericka Caminha, Luiz Carlos Santiago, Priscila Sanchez Bosco y Bianca Cristina Marques Gindre da Silva. "Autonomy and Professional Identity: dichotomies in the space of the prenatal nursing". Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 4, n.º 3 (30 de junio de 2010): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.523-8481-1-le.0403201001.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: to identify the discourse of primary care nurses, their perception of the Nursing Consultation in prenatal care, examine the speeches from the nurses of Primary, weaknesses and potential of the Nursing Consultation in prenatal care. Method: this is a descriptive study from qualitative approach, using the technique of semi-structures interviews, according to Resolution 196/96 of the National Health Council. The study was developed in units of the City Health Department, after approval by the Committee of Ethics and Research of the Department of Health and Civil Defense, with protocol 263/08. Compounding the Coordinator of Health Program Area 3.1 (CAP) of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The study subjects were 22 nurses working in CAP 3.1.. Results: self and Identity category: dichotomies in the professional space, explained that the nurses refer to the comprehensive evaluation of prenatal low-risk as an achievement in professional practice, granting autonomy in their work and watch. However, the study highlighted the difficulty that professional development of their professional identity, emerging differences in the construction of its own role. Conclusion: Considering the difficulties and challenges currently faced by the profession for his claim among the area health service to discuss and demarcation of professional identity of nurses. Descriptors: professional autonomy; consultation; nursing maternal child.RESUMOObjetivos: identificar nos discursos das enfermeiras da Atenção Primária, sua percepção acerca da Consulta de Enfermagem no pré-natal; analisar a partir dos discursos das enfermeiras da Atenção Primária, as deficiências e as potencialidades da Consulta de Enfermagem no pré-natal. Método: pesquisa qualitativa com caráter descritivo, utilizando a técnica de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, mediante Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, conforme Resolução 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, que regulamenta a pesquisa em Seres Humanos. O estudo foi desenvolvido em Unidades da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e Defesa Civil, com o protocolo de pesquisa nº 263/08. Compondo a Coordenaria de Saúde da Área Programática 3.1 (CAP), do município do Rio de Janeiro. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 22 enfermeiros que atuam na CAP 3.1. Resultados: a categoria Autonomia e identidade: dicotomias no espaço profissional elucidou que os enfermeiros referenciam o acompanhamento integral do Pré-natal de baixo risco como uma conquista na prática profissional, conferindo autonomia no seu fazer e assistir. Contudo, o estudo evidenciou a dificuldade desse profissional no desenvolvimento de sua identidade profissional, emergindo divergências na construção do seu papel próprio. Conclusão: considerando as dificuldades e os desafios atuais enfrentadas pela profissão para sua afirmação dentre a área da saúde, é imprescindível a discussão e demarcação da identidade profissional desse enfermeiro. Descritores: autonomia profissional; consulta; enfermagem materno-infantil.RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar el discurso de las enfermeras de atención primaria, su percepción de la Consulta de Enfermería en los cuidados prenatales, examinar los discursos de las enfermeras de los puntos débiles primaria, y el potencial de la Consulta de Enfermería en la atención prenatal. Método: Investigación cualitativa com um carácter descriptivo, mediante lá técnica de entrevistas semi- estructuradas, mediante escrito de Consebtimiento, de acuerdo a La Resolución 196/96 del Consejo Nacional de Salud, que regula La investigación em seres humanos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en unidades del Departamento de Salud de la Ciudad, tras su aprobación por la Ética e Investigación del Departamento de Salud y Defensa Civil, con el n º 263/08 protocolo de la investigación. Tuvo en su composición el Coordinador del Programa de Salud de Área 3.1 (CAP) del municipio de Río de Janeiro. Los sujetos del estudio fueron 22 enfermeros que trabajan en la CAP 3.1. Resultados: auto y la categoría de identidad: las dicotomías en el espacio profesional, explicó que las enfermeras se refieren a la evaluación global de riesgo prenatal de bajo como un logro en la práctica profesional, la autonomía en su trabajo y reloj. Sin embargo, el estudio puso de relieve la dificultad de que el desarrollo profesional de su identidad profesional, las diferencias que surgen en la construcción de su propio papel. Conclusión: teniendo en cuenta las dificultades y desafíos que enfrenta actualmente la profesión de su reclamación entre los servicios de salud del área, para discutir y demarcación de la identidad profesional de las enfermeras. Descriptores: profesional autonomia; consulta; enfermería madre niño.
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Jakola, Fredriika. "Local responses to state-led municipal reform in the Finnish-Swedish border region: conflicting development discourses, culture and institutions". Fennia - International Journal of Geography 196, n.º 2 (18 de octubre de 2018): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11143/fennia.69890.
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This paper scrutinises the intersections and collisions of different development discourses in the Kemi-Tornio sub-region which lies alongside the Finnish-Swedish border within the political context of municipal reform initiated by the Finnish government in 2011–2015. By drawing on cultural political economy and institutional regional theory, this paper studies how local actors utilize different development discourses produced at (and producing) different scales to justify or contest the municipal amalgamation within the Kemi-Tornio region. In addition, the specific interest is on the how local institutional environment, and border location in particular, are mobilized and strategically used in these processes. The results, based on policy documents and qualitative interviews with key municipal actors, highlight the coexistence of three different, yet overlapping development discourses. While some municipal actors support the state-led development discourse with justification of economic reasoning, there is a strong opposing discourse emphasising the region’s history, identity and municipal self-autonomy. The latter, interestingly, resonates with the EU’s cross-border co-operation discourse; offering an alternative development strategy. Together with the path-dependent regional history, this intersection creates unbalanced power relations between municipalities both with and without a state border. Thus, this paper illustrates how different scalar discourses and institutional structures are actively utilized in municipal reform processes.
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Errais, Eymen. "What Drives Municipalities Default Risk?" International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, n.º 3 (15 de febrero de 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n3p49.
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Municipal credit markets have been slow to develop in emerging markets because municipal lending risks have been difficult to identify. In this paper, we analyze the factors that impact municipalities default risks. Our data set incorporates all the 264 Tunisian Municipalities and spans a period over 7 years (2010-2016). Our methodology is based on logistic regressions ran on 40 independent variables. Our results show that factors driving good debt management could be restricted to 8 factors: Gross Savings Rate, Debt Ratio, Financial Autonomy Ratio, Level of Real Estate Tax, Budgetary Stiffness Rate, Average Debt Ratio, Average Issue Date and Average Interest Rate . The model shows strong efficiency and reliable predictive power.
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Kmezić, Sanja, Jadranka Kaluđerović, Mijat Jocović y Katarina Đulić. "Fiscal Decentralisation and Local Government Financing in Montenegro from 2002 to 2015". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 14, n.º 3 (31 de julio de 2016): 431–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/14.3.431-450(2016).
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This article examines the fiscal decentralisation process and local government financing in Montenegro from 2002 to 2015 by focusing on the key legislative changes that occurred during the period under observation, as well as on the fiscal impact these changes and the economic crisis have had on municipal budgets. The analysis identifies two distinct phases of municipal financing in Montenegro. In the first phase (2003-2008), the Republic adopted legislation that strengthened the role and fiscal autonomy of local governments. During the second phase (2008-2015), several of the national government’s centralistic policies came into force. Together with the effects of the economic crisis, they deteriorated both local public finance and macroeconomic stability and hindered local economic development.
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Colombijn, Freek. "The Colonial Municipal Council in Padang (Sumatra) as Political Arena". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 26, n.º 2 (septiembre de 1995): 263–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400007104.
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The experiment with administrative decentralization in Indonesia started with a new law that was enacted in 1903. The European civil servants believed that this law would protect their position, and they did not foresee two processes that were to gradually undercut this very position. First, the citizens in the municipal councils seized the opportunity to acquire a real degree of autonomy. Secondly, the council became a platform where the Indonesian members voiced their grievances from the 1920s onwards. After the Dutch colonial era, and in particular during the Japanese period and the years of Guided Democracy, the municipalities lost most of their leeway for formulating an autonomous policy and devising budgets to the central government. Now, starting with Law 5 issued in 1973, the New Order government of Indonesia has again embarked on the path of administrative decentralization.
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Olojede, Olorunfemi A., Samuel B. Agbola y Kayode J. Samuel. "Residents’ assessment of local government road infrastructure delivery in Ile-Ife, Nigeria". Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 34, n.º 4 (junio de 2019): 346–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094219857044.
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Ensuring adequate provision of municipal infrastructure, utilities and services constitutes a major rationale for the local government administration in Nigeria. This paper examined the road infrastructure delivery performance (provision, maintenance and rehabilitation) of the local administration in the two local government areas of Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Data were obtained with the aid of questionnaire and key-informant interview. Using multistage sampling, 600 residents were surveyed. The key-informant interviews were conducted on three local government senior administrative officers. Descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis were employed in the analysis. The study found that the local administrations in the city lacked autonomy, as they practically advance the cause of the state government. Thus, they could neither initiate nor execute any infrastructure project independently. It was also found that residents in the city were often required to contribute financially towards the construction and maintenance of transport infrastructure in their neighbourhoods. The study concluded that the performance of the local administration in the city was poor in terms of its statutory duty of municipal road infrastructure delivery. Consequently, the paper recommends the enhancement of the overall performance of local administration in Osun State through the granting of full political and financial autonomy to the local government.
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Lang, Michael. "Neoliberalism, P3s, and the Canadian Municipal Water Sector". Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication 7, n.º 2 (10 de abril de 2016): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/strm.v7i2.129.
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In this paper I consider how the increase of Public-Private Partnerships (P3s) in Canada now threatens the autonomy of municipal water services. P3s have gained traction since the 1990s as a mechanism of private alternative service delivery that replace traditional public provision. Over the past decade, P3s have been actively promoted by the state via quasi-government agencies such as Public-Private Partnerships Canada (PPP Canada), yet their results have been markedly poor. Nevertheless, P3s are now being situated as a key mechanism in the neoliberal (re)regulation of public services, regardless of their shortcomings and inequities. With this in mind, I frame recent Federal policy changes concerning the funding of local water infrastructure and services and their implementation through such agencies as PPP Canada as expressions of post-political governance in Canada. I argue that the capacity for local decision-making concerning this integral social and ecological service is being overwhelmed by a technocratic, expert-driven political process that is contingent on the hegemony of economic austerity to institute municipal water privatization, free from democratic accountability.
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Van Cauwenberge, Philippe, Peter Beyne y Heidi Vander Bauwhede. "An empirical investigation of the influence of municipal fiscal policy on firm growth". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 34, n.º 8 (26 de julio de 2016): 1825–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263774x16642767.
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Over the last decades, many countries experienced a trend towards fiscal decentralisation, with the result that municipal governments have a largely increased degree of autonomy with respect to their fiscal policy. This shift has not been matched however with a change in the focus of the academic research on the economic effects of public finance, which is still predominantly conducted at the national and regional level. In this paper, we study the impact of municipal government taxation and spending on the growth rate of firms. We explore a panel dataset which combines detailed information from the financial accounts of Flemish municipalities with the financial reports of the firms located in those municipalities. Our analysis of data from close to 70,000 firms in 308 municipalities for the period 2004–2013 indicates that municipal fiscal policy has a statistically significant effect on firm added value growth and employment growth. No statistically significant effect was found on asset growth. Overall, the economic significance of municipal fiscal policy turns out to be small and is, for instance, not able to outweigh the effects of the recent financial crisis.
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Gupta, Shreekant, Surender Kumar y Gopal K. Sarangi. "Measuring the performance of water service providers in urban India: implications for managing water utilities". Water Policy 14, n.º 3 (2 de enero de 2012): 391–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.109.
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This study assesses the efficiency of the urban water supply system in 27 selected Indian cities. It applies data envelopment analysis (DEA) as an analytical tool to measure technical efficiency. Cities are categorized into different groups according to the management structure of their water utilities. The results show that within groups, the utilities that are managed by ‘municipal corporations (MCs) and parastatals', with a certain amount of functional autonomy, perform better in comparison to the group ‘MCs and government’ and thus, strengthen the hypothesis that functional autonomy in management leads to better performance of the water utilities. Moreover, the results also have implications for urban domestic water pricing. We find that most water utilities are operating under decreasing returns to scale (DRS), implying that water should be priced at a marginal cost of supply.