Tesis sobre el tema "Nanoparticules de Carbone"
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Ben, Sghaier Asma. "Hybrides polymer materials organic/inorganic nanoparticule". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1163.
Texto completoDiazonium interface chemistry has progressed over the last few years and practically involved in all areas of materials science and engineering. The rationale for employing diazonium salts is that they attach to surfaces with remarkable bond energies, particularly on sp² carbon materials, making them an ideal coupling agent for polymers to surfaces In this context, novel CNT-polytriazole (CNT-PTAz) and CNT-dye nanohybrids were designed and thoroughly characterized. First, CNT-PTAz nanohybrid was prepared by click polymerization: multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were modified with azidophenyl groups (CNT-N3) from 4-azidobenzenediazonium precursor and served as nanoscale platform for the surface confined polyaddition. The CNT-PTAz nanohybrid was characterized by TGA, XPS, IR, and Raman. The robust CNT-PTAz is robust and has potential in developing heavy metal adsorbents, nanosupport for catalysts or for gas storage. In the second major part, we grafted CNT with diazotized Neutral red (NR), Azure A (AA) and Congo Red (CR) dyes by simple, spontaneous reaction of the diazonium salts and CNTs in water, at RT. A thorough investigation of the nanohybrids showed that the adhesion is strong (CNT-dye C-C bond energy higher than 150 kJ/mol), and the layer is uniform. These nanohybrids further served to reinforce ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) an elastomeric matrix. The reinforced matrix is flexible and serves as optothermal actuators where the grafted dye catches the light to induce mechanical changes in the matrix monitored by dynamic mechanical analysis. CNT/dye-reinforced EVA is a promising flexible composite for developing new types of visual-aid tablet for visually impaired people. The versatile CNT-dye nanohybrids are also unique chemiresistive gas sensors for the molecular recognition of acetone vapours. In a final application, CNT-CR nanohybrid was investigated as an electrocatalyst for the Direct Oxidation of Methanol. Interesting results were obtained with these nanohybrids but significant improvements (3-fold) of the electrocatalytic properties were achieved with CNT-CR decorated with gold nanoparticles. The newly designed electrocatalytic system could be regarded for different promising applications most likely as for sensors, biosensors, heterogeneous catalysts for fuel cells and for nanotechnology To summarize, newly designed CNT-based nanohybrids have unique performances ascribed to the versatility of the diazonium interface chemistry in efficiently attaching functional molecular and macromolecular layers. The novel nanohybrids serve as building blocks for designing high performance nanocomposite materials relevant to challenging timely social economic issues, namely environment, biomedicine and energy
Louhab, Krim. "Nucléation et croissance électrochimiques de nanoparticules de platine sur substrats de carbone". Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0057.
Texto completoMarino, Emanuela. "Nanoparticules de carbone par pyrolyse laser : étude de l'incorporation d'hétéroatomes". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112287.
Texto completoCarbon nanoparticles are studied for their interesting properties in many application fields. This implies to understand and to characterise the specific properties of these nanoparticles. Laser pyrolysis is a versatile method for the synthesis of various nanoparticles and has been used successfully in the case of carbon nanoparticles. The aim of this work is to extend this research to the study of mixed carbon structures such as carbon/nitrogen or carbon/iron structures. These structures are indeed little studied and it is important to be able to determine the optimal experimental conditions to elaborate them by laser pyrolysis and to characterise their properties. In the case of carbon/nitrogen structures, we succeed in the incorporation of nitrogen in the powders in large amounts up to 20%. This high incorporation occurred by using a mixture of different gaseous precursors and allowed us to study the evolution of the structure as a function of the nitrogen incorporation rate in the powders. A comparative study between infrared spectroscopy and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure allowed to attribute the observed bands to an original structure. Indeed these bands could be explained by the interaction of a non bonding doublet of a nitrogen and the cn triple bond which can be present in two types of bondings : -c=n-cn or n-c=c-cn. For the carbon/iron compounds, this work showed how the laser pyrolysis of an aerosol mixture containing ferrocene leads to the synthesis of carbon nanopowders with different morphologies and structures. These powders contain always iron nanoparticles incorporated in the carbon matrix
Picard-Lafond, Audrey. "Synthèse de nanoparticules riches en carbone par polymérisation en dispersion". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27902.
Texto completoThe interest in carbon nanomaterials is expanding due to their potential for various applications. The network of sp²-hybridized carbon atoms, common to all materials of this family, generates excellent electronic and optical properties which are modulated by the shape, the size and the dimensionality of the carbon network. Among these nanomaterials, carbon nanoparticles (CNP) have a singular potential due to their photoluminescence properties, their photostability and their low toxicity. Accordingly, the application of CNP in biomedicine, optoelectronics and photocatalysis is greatly studied. However, the current synthetic methods and separation techniques represent limitations to their implementation. The use of high temperatures (>100 °C) hinders the precise control over shape and size of the CNP, the synthetic yields are low and the materials’ surface is chemically inert. In this project, the objective is to establish a route for CNP synthesis which surpasses the limitations of the current preparation methods. In other words, we are trying to develop a method allowing a precise control of the particles’ shape and size, while avoiding the use of high temperatures. The strategy is based on the dispersion polymerization of alkyne-rich organic units, used as a metastable carbon source. On one hand, the polymerization of alkyne-rich monomers allows the one-step synthesis of polyynes which, due to their instability, react spontaneously to produce a material composed mainly of sp²-hybridized carbon atoms. On the other hand, dispersion polymerization ensures a morphological control of the particles during their synthesis. Adding to the main objective, surface functionalization of the particles is intended by exploiting the reactivity of residual alkynes in the carbon structure. Also, we try to exchange the alkyne-rich monomer in order to improve the photoluminescence properties of the particles obtained from the developed process.
Joly-Pottuz, Lucile. "Nanoparticules lubrifiantes à structure fermée". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/jpottuz.pdf.
Texto completoAdditives with tribological action (MoDTC and ZnDTP) used at present are organic molecules containing sulphur and phosphorous. For environmental reasons, it is important to reduce or eliminate the presence of these two elements in oil. In this study, we are being interested in nanoparticles with closed structure (spherical, cylindrical) as potential substitutes of these additives. Their size, nanometric, enables them to enter easily the contact and their structure, closed, confers a great chemical inertia to them. Fullerenes of MS2 show very good friction reducing and anti wear properties. Their lubrication mechanism is based on the release of hexagonal MS2 sheets in the contact area. Tribological properties of carbon nanotubes depend on several parameters (number of wall, presence of catalyst). A structural modification of nanotubes inside the contact area is necessary
Senger, Antoine Le Normand François. "Films de nanotubes de carbone : mécanisme de croissance et magnétisme de films orientés". Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1102/01/SENGER_Antoine_2008_restrict.pdf.
Texto completoLukanov, Petar. "Synthèse de nanotubes de carbone remplis et de nanoparticules encapsulées dans des coques de carbone pour applications biomédicales". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1127/.
Texto completoThis work was performed in the framework of the European FP6 RTN CARBIO (www. Carbio. Eu) project, aiming at exploiting the potential of multi- functional DWNT and Carbon encapsulated metal nanoparticles for biomedical application, in particular to act as magnetic nano-heaters(cancer treatment by hyperthermia) or drug - carrier systems. To achieve these goals, DWNT have first been synthesised by catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) of a H2-CH4 mixture over (Mg, Co, Mo)O catalysts. In order to fill the empty cavity of DWNT with magnetic materials, the tips of the tubes have to be opened. The opening of DWNT was performed in different conditions using wet chemistry routes such as oxidation with HNO3, HNO3/H2SO4, KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 or dry routes involving air oxidation or microwave heating. Due to drawbacks of some of the opening techniques (sample coating with amorphous oxidation debris), we have developed extra purification methods such as NaOH washing, oxidation in air or microwave heating. The filling of DWNT was performed using one-step (during the opening) or two-step (after the opening) methods in over-saturated iron (III) nitrate or iron (III) chloride solutions, in different conditions in order to assess the influence of stirring time, concentration and temperature. Control experiments of filling with uranium compounds were performed. A second strategy that we have developed in this work was the direct CCVD synthesis of carbon-encapsulated Fe, Co, Co/Fe and Ni nanoparticles. The encapsulated nanoparticles have been synthesized with gaseous mixtures of H2/CH4 or N2/CH4, using different MgO-based catalysts (Mg0. 95Co0. 05O, Mg0. 95Fe0. 05O, Mg0. 95Co0. 025/Fe0. 025O and Mg0. 95Ni0. 05O solid solutions). The obtained samples correspond for example to spherical and/or oblong carbon-encapsulated Co nanoparticles with size distribution 6-10 nm (60%) and 11-20 nm (40%). Oblong or spherical carbon-encapsulated nanoparticles were also observed with Fe and Co/Fe, with diameter within the range 1-10 nm (80%) and 11-30 nm (20%). The most promising material for hyperthermia application was found to be the carbon-encapsulated Co nanoparticles which showed the highest saturation magnetisation at room temperature (Ms) and the highest Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)
Moreno, Maryline. "Synthèse en phase gazeuse de nanoparticules de carbone par plasma hors équilibre". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002356.
Texto completoMONTANT, RAMANITRA LYSIANE. "Encapsulation de nanoparticules de noir de carbone conductrices et de nanoparticules de fer magnetiques et conductrices par un polymere thermoplastique". Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066634.
Texto completoMougel, Jean-Bruno. "Assemblages multifonctionnels à base de nanotubes de carbone et de nanocristaux de cellulose". Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4048/document.
Texto completoThe association of nanoparticles with complementary properties is an interesting way to develop multifunctional original architectures. Our strategy consists in combining the ability of biosourced particles, the nanocrystals of celluloses (CNC), to form complex structures, with the properties of the single and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT). Their non-covalent association aim is to preserve these properties and to realize oil-in-water Pickering emulsions and foams by freeze-drying. The aqueous dispersion of these nanoparticles shows high yields achieving as high as 70 % of dispersed NTC. The exploration of the various parameters controlling the dispersion (concentration of NTC and NCC, sonication time and power) and of the morphology of the hybrids (by electronic and atomic force microscopies) allow us to propose a quantitative model for the dispersion. These hybrids can also stabilize oil/water interface to form Pickering emulsion. Monodisperse distribution of micrometer-sized droplets is obtained. The addition of the NTC does not modify the morphology of the emulsion but improve their rheological properties. The freeze-drying of the concentrated emulsions produces solid foams with controlled structures. The porosity is determined during the step of emulsification. The mechanical and electrical properties show slight improvement by the addition of the NTC. We attribution these weak performance to the specific structure of the walls of the foams obtained by the alignment of the CNC weakly linked
Brimaud, Sylvain Coutanceau Christophe Garnier Emmanuel. "Caractérisation des propriétés physiques et électrochimiques de nanoparticules de platine". Poitiers : I-Médias, 2008. http://08.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/index.php?id=1534.
Texto completoBrimaud, Sylvain. "Caractérisation des propriétés physiques et électrochimiques de nanoparticules de platine". Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Brimaud-Sylvain/2008-Brimaud-Sylvain-These.pdf.
Texto completoPlatinum nanoparticles have been prepared by a wide range of colloidal syntheses. Modifications of synthesis parameters have allowed to constitute a collection of objects showing a wide range of shapes and sizes. Shape and size are two parameters which have been characterised by electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical characterisations have brought numerous information on the superficial structure displayed by nanoparticles. Overall results obtained throught these characterisations have been used to interpret voltammogramms recorded during carbon monoxide electrooxidation adsorbed on the nanocrystal surface. A strong superficial structure effect have been recorded
Jumelle, Clotilde. "Délivrance de molécules dans l'endothélium cornéen par nanoparticules de carbone activées au laser femtoseconde". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET011T.
Texto completoCorneal endothelial cells (CEC) are essential for corneal transparency. However, on humans, they are unable of proliferation owing to its arrest of G1 phase of the cell cycle, making corneal endothelial monolayer particularly vulnerable. The gene and drug delivery represents a promising solution to maintain CEC viability. Unfortunately, the major difficulty of this technique is the transport across the cell membrane, normally impermeable to high-size molecules. Several techniques of molecules delivery have already been tested on corneal tissue but none of them gives results sufficiently convincing to be used in clinical applications. The aim of this thesis is to adapt and develop a new technique of intracellular molecules delivery, based on cell perforation via photoacoustic effect induced by the activation of carbon nanoparticles by femtosecond laser, on in vitro and ex vivo models of corneal endothelium
Larue, Camille. "Impact de nanoparticules de TiO2 et de nanotubes de carbone sur les végétaux". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00765312.
Texto completoGalvez, Aymeric. "Elaboration, organisation et proprietes optiques de nanoparticules de carbone modeles de poussieres interstellaires". Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE2039.
Texto completoCleuziou, Jean-Pierre. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés de nanoparticules magnétiques de type coeur-coquille". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/156/.
Texto completoMolecular electronics and spintronics are both rapidly emerging fields of nanoelectronics with a strong potential impact for the realization of new functions and devices helpful for information storage as well as quantum information. My thesis aimed at the merging of the two fields by the realization of molecular junctions that involves magnetic nanostructures. We chose two different approaches: (i) electronic transport through carbon nanotubes filled with magnetic material (hybrid carbon nanotubes), and (ii) development of a nano-SQUID with carbon nanotube Josephson junctions, which should be sensitive enough to study individual magnetic molecules that are attached to the carbon nanotube
Baret, Bertrand. "Composites nanotubes de carbone - nanoparticules de platine enrobées pour électrodes de pile à combustible". Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356902.
Texto completoBarrazouk, Said. "Étude des cellules photoélectrochimiques à base de nanoparticules d'or et de nanotubes de carbone /". Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/24641943R.pdf.
Texto completoBarazzouk, Said. "Étude des cellules photoélectrochimiques à base de nanoparticules d'or et de nanotubes de carbone". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1390/1/000131303.pdf.
Texto completoDichiara, Anthony. "Etude chronologique de la formation de nanotube de carbone par CVD d'aérosol à l'aide de diagnostics in situ : des premiers instants à la fin de la croissance". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763604.
Texto completoDiebold, Carine. "Developpement de nouveaux catalyseurs au palladium supporté sur polymères ou nanoparticules de cobalt : application à la formation de liaisons carbone-carbone". Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807363.
Texto completoCojocaru, Costel-Sorin. "Synthèse contrôlée CCVD de films de nanostructures orientées de carbone ( nanotubes de carbone, etc. . ) : Applications en l'émission de champ et au magnétisme". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13040.
Texto completoThe present work is focused on the synthesis of oriented carbon nanotubes films, their characterization and their applications in technologies concerning field emission as well as the magnetism of encapsulated metallic nanoparticules. We have developed a growth technique called DC HF CCVD (Direct Current Hot Filament enhanced Catalytically-activated Chemical Vapor Deposition) on plane substrates of SiO 2 / Si(100). A detailed and comparative study - by means of electrons spectroscopy (XPS, AES, EELS), RAMAN spectroscopy, scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) - allowed to control the growth, the morphology as well as the density and the alignment degree of the carbon nanotubes films and other nanostructures. Our observations also made possible to develop a qualitative growth model for oriented carbon nanotubes by a DC HF CCVD technique. A special attention was given to control the density and the spatial distribution of the carbon nanotubes arrays, using nanolithography techniques (optical, electronic or ionic beams). Measurements of the field emission properties were carried on a series of oriented, but not lithographed samples showing that the carbon nanotubes films start emitting with a threshold of 2 -2. 5 V/æm and have stable emission properties. After growth, the metallic nanoparticules used as catalysts are found encapsulated at the top of the nanotubes and thus protected from any contamination after air exposure. These nanoparticles are strongly oriented, and in appropriate deposition conditions they took a very anisotropic shape. Thus one can obtain at the same time, a strong shape anisotropy for each nanoparticle and a preferential orientation for the particles array. The magnetic properties of such arrays of Co nanoparticles encapsulated into carbon nanotubes or other nonmagnetic nanostructures were investigated by SQUID and MFM. Different magnetic behaviour were evidenced
Senger, Antoine. "Films de nanotubes de carbone : Mécanisme de croissance et magnétisme de films orientés". Strasbourg 1, 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/SENGER_Antoine_2008.pdf.
Texto completoA kinetic model for the growth of carbon nanotubes is develloped based on experimental data obtained by TEOM-CCVD synthesis of CNTs. The model takes into account associative decomposition of hydrocarbon on the surface of the catlytic particle, surface and volume diffusion, nucleation and growth of CNTs solved by finite differnce method. The surfacic process seems to be the rate determining step. To take into account microscopic scale effects a MEAM based programm is developped to analyse the path followed by an atom of carbon from the the catalytic facet to the graphitic shell of the CNT to determine whether the diffusion is volumic, sub-surfacic or surfacic. An experimental method to obtain ultra-high density assemblies of ferromagnetic nanoparticles is the Plasma-Enhanced CCVD. Monte-Carlo numerical simulations are developped to analyse the magnetic properties of such devices. We show that an aspect ratio superior to 4 does not change the magnetic propreties of the system and that we could reach with such devices a density of 10 Tbits/inch², 20 times more than what is done at the moment
Vincent, Cécile Silvain Jean-François Heintz Jean-Marc. "Le composite cuivre / nanofibres de carbone". [S. l.] : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377607.
Texto completoArmand, Lucie. "Effet des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane sur les métalloprotéases, influence des paramètres physicochimiques". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00771963.
Texto completoGaracci, Marion. "Evaluation de la réponse cellulaire et moléculaire d'une diatomée benthique d'eau douce à l'exposition à des nanoparticules carbonées". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30250/document.
Texto completoDifferent approaches were used to assess the effect of two forms of carbon-based nanoparticles (CNP) nanotubes and graphene, in order to determine the mechanism of the response generated by the benthic freshwater diatom Nitzschia palea. The effect at the cellular community scale demonstrated a temporary impact on biofilm growth and an accumulation of NPC in the extracellular matrix. The use of transcriptomic study evidenced the role of the physic interaction, causing alteration of the frustule, in the extracellular response leading to an overexcretion of exopolymeric substances (EPS). This approach also revealed the impact of NPC on the photosynthetic activity of diatoms and a modification of the energetic metabolism suggesting an energetic allocation for the EPS production. The study of the extracellular proteome allowed to have a first insight of the extracellular matrix composition, in majority composed of hydrophobic-like proteins. In NPC exposure, diatoms seemed to produce an adhesive system allowing to strengthen the extracellular matrix and increase the biofilm stability while trapping NPC. The exposition of diatoms to the two NPC forms induce a response greatly similar for the highest tested concentration
Wang, Dong. "Nouveaux catalyseurs recyclables pour les réactions de formation de liaisons carbone-carbone et carbone-azote". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0128/document.
Texto completoCatalysts based on dendrimers and magnetic nanoparticles are becoming increasing utilized in the context of green and sustainable chemistry, because they are easily separated by precipitation or by using asimple magnet respectively, and they are recyclable. In this spirit, the thesis has been devoted to the synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles-immobilized molecular, nano-and dendritic catalysts involving Ru, Cu and Pd. Magnetically recyclable ruthenium(II) and Cu(I) complexes and Pd nanoparticles have provided excellent catalytic performances in terms of activity, stability and recyclability, using alkyne-azide cycloaddition and carbon-carbon cross coupling reactions. The synthesis of mono-and polymetallic palladium complexes containing the 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligand or nonabranch-derived ligands has also been carried out, and their catalytic properties in coupling reactions has been studied
Cohignac, Vanessa. "Réponse macrophagique à des nanoparticules manufacturées : effets de leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques sur l’autophagie". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1185/document.
Texto completoL'exposition à des nanoparticules manufacturées (NP) peut entraîner des effets sur la santé, notamment au niveau respiratoire, où elles peuvent induire des phénomènes de remodelage pulmonaire. Toutefois, les mécanismes cellulaires sous-jacents à ces effets et l'influence des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des NP dans ces effets sont encore loin d'être compris. L'objectif de cette thèse était d'évaluer la réponse macrophagique à des NP présentant différentes caractéristiques physico-chimiques (taille/longueur, composition chimique, forme, structure cristalline ou propriétés de surface) en se concentrant particulièrement sur leurs effets sur l'autophagie. Nous avons montré que l'exposition de macrophages murins à des nanotubes de carbone multi-parois (MWCNT) induisait un blocage de l'autophagie tandis que l'exposition à des NP sphériques induisait une autophagie fonctionnelle. Le blocage du flux autophagique par les MWCNT est associé à une accumulation de lysosomes non fonctionnels. Par ailleurs, les MWCNT induisaient une réponse oxydante et pro-inflammatoire plus importante que les particules sphériques qui pourrait être lié à leur blocage de l'autophagie. Ces résultats montrent un rôle prépondérant de la forme des nanomatériaux sur le processus autophagique, et ouvrent de nouvelles voies pour l'interprétation et la compréhension de la toxicité des nanomatériaux
Gautier, Maxime. "Etude de la formation de nanoparticules de carbone au cours de la décomposition thermique d'hydrocarbures : application à la coproduction de noir de carbone et d'hydrogène par craquage thermique du méthane par voie plasma". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM061/document.
Texto completoThis thesis takes part of the development of a direct decarbonation process of methane by plasma to produce both carbon black and hydrogen. This process is particularly interesting in an electrical mix context with low carbon emission. It proffers a solution to reduce drastically CO2 emissions rejected by the current carbon black and hydrogen ways of production, which are ones of the most polluting industrial processes.This study aims to develop reliable and robust numerical methods for a better understanding and a greater control of the morphologic features of the carbon black generated. These features play a key role in the quality and applications of the carbon black produced. This research retraces the evolution of the carbon structure from the molecules of the fuel to the formation of nanoparticles and solid microstructures. It tackles different phenomenon such as: nucleation, chemical growth, coagulation, maturity and aggregation.Numerical tools and methods were developed thereby and enable to simulate carbon particle formation. They were successfully implemented in a commercial CFD software. Eventually numerical simulation of the plasma process were performed, integrating heat transfers and turbulence
Urchaga, Patrick. "Préparation et caractérisations physicochimiques de nanoparticules de platine à distributions de taille et de forme contrôlées". Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/ba59e86b-db9a-4fcc-8150-31a2cd28fc96.
Texto completoUnsupported platinum nanoparticles were prepared by using some different colloidal synthesis procedures. These methods lead to the preparation of a collection of object including a wide range of shape in nanometric scale. Size and shape of nanocrystals were determined by microscopy while superficial structure was obtained by electrochemical methods. It was evidenced that platinum nanoparticles expose variable fractions of surface oriented domains (111) or (100) and defect sites in agreement with the observed shapes. Study of well-defined shaped nanoparticles now appears as the missing link between carbon supported platinum nanoparticles and platinum single crystal surfaces. Carbon monoxide electro-oxidation was studied on these samples in order to give some information about the mechanisms occurring at nanoparticles surface. Results point out a strong effect of the superficial structure of platinum particles on the voltammetric signal and particularly the oxidation potential. Finally, another oxidation mechanism not involving water dissociative adsorption is supposed to occur at lower potential
Bernard, Charlotte. "Propriétés mécaniques des nanotubes de carbone en tant que nanosondes et leur fonctionnalisation par bio-nanoparticules". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00250046.
Texto completoBernard, Charlotte. "Propriétés mécaniques des nanotubes de carbone en tant que nanosondes et leurs fonctionnalisation par bio-nanoparticules". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13455.
Texto completoSimon-deckers, Angélique. "Effets biologiques de nanoparticules manufacturées : influence de leurs caractéristiques". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004918.
Texto completoDominique, Claire. "Etude d'une décharge à pulvérisaion cathodique pour la production de poussières carbonées et étude de la croissance des nanoparticules produites". Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11028.
Texto completoWe study the dusts growth in gas phase from graphite target sputtering in argon glow discharges. The target sputtering by ions and energetic neutrals bombardment allows carbon injection. By using models we estimate the carbon flux. Then, the evolution of the sputtered carbon atoms energy distribution during their transport in the plasma shows that they quickly cool by collisions with argon atoms. This produces a supersaturated carbon vapour which condensation induces formation of dust precursors. Dusts are detected in situ by laser attenuation, then collected and analysed by SEM, HRTEM and IR spectroscopy to get information on their size, morphology, chemical and structural composition. The dusts are higher than 20 nm, more or less spherical and cauliflower-like shaped. The evolution of the dust sizes distribution as well as the growth law as a function of discharge duration were experimentally established and reveal a growth mechanism by accretion of neutral carbonaceous clusters
Comesaña-Hermo, Miguel. "Synthesis of cobalt-based nanohybrids and study of their magnetic and optical properties : carbon coating and functionalization with luminescent dyes". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1229/.
Texto completoCobalt nanoparticles (NPs) are important materials for applications in very different fields like magnetic storage technology, catalysis or medicine. These applications require different properties that are related with the surface state of the original particles. In this thesis we have functionalized the surface of isotropic and anisotropic Co NPs in order to fulfill this demand. Pre-synthesized Co nanowires have been submitted to a thermal treatment that permits the formation of carbon coated anisotropic objects, overcoming therefore one of the main limitations of this kind of materials: their instability towards oxidation. In other order of things, we have synthesized small Co NPs with a fluorophore (Rhodamine B) as unique stabilizer. Such system presents a very interesting opportunity to study the effect of the magnetic core over the optical properties of the dye and, at the same time, to observe how an excited organic molecule directly attached to the Co surface can have an effect over the magnetic properties of the particle. The same dye has been used under other synthetic conditions to promote the anisotropic growth of Co NPs, leading to the formation of monodisperse Co nanodisks. These particles present blocked behavior at room temperature, being therefore interesting materials for magnetic data storage devices or permanent magnets
Louisia, Stéphane. "Synthèse de catalyseurs bimétalliques supportés sur nanotubes de carbone dopés pour pile à combustible PEM". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17815/7/louisia.pdf.
Texto completoCornelio, Benedetta. "Nanoparticules de palladium comme catalyseurs : Conception, analyses et application pour la préparation de dérivés bisaryliques d'intérêt biologique". Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMP203.
Texto completo3,4-bisindolylmaleimides possess an inhibitory activity against protein kinase. Because 3-isothiazolone-1,(1)-(di)oxide can be considered as maleimide analog, 5-chloro and 4,5-dichloro-3-isothiazolone-1,(1)-(di)oxide were functionalised using a palladium-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction achieving the “thia” analogs of 3,4-bisindolylmaleimides. We were also interested in the preparation primary sulfonamides such as 4-(hetero)aryl substituted benzenesulfonamides as carbonic anhydrases inhibitors.A series of hybrid materials comprising palladium nanoparticles adsorbed on carbon nanostructures has been prepared and tested as heterogeneous catalysts of palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions. The best catalyst, resulting in palladium nanoparticles stabilised by dodecanethiol adsorbed on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, was employed in Suzuki-Miyaura reactions for the preparation of twenty-four new 4-(hetero)aryl substituted benzenesulfonamides. As this catalyst failed in the functionalisation of isothiazolone-1,(1)-(di)oxides, this latter was realised using a more conventional catalyst, PdCl2(dppf)•CH2Cl2.A last part of the project aimed to the conception of catalysts made of palladium nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitised carbon nanofibres (nanoreactors). We prepared a series of nanoreactors and we studied the effect of the confinement inside the nanofibre channel on the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction
Berciaud, Stéphane. "Détection photothermique et spectroscopie d'absoption de nano-objets individuels: nanoparticules métalliques, nanocristaux semiconducteurs, et nanotubes de carbone". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00123471.
Texto completoHétérodyne (PHI). Cette nouvelle méthode optique en champ lointain permet de détecter une
grande variété de nano-objets individuels absorbants (nanoparticules métalliques jusqu'à 1.4 nm
de diamètre, nanocristaux semiconducteurs, nanotubes de carbone métalliques et semiconducteurs,.
. .), sur un fond « noir », avec un très bon rapport signal à bruit. Le signal photothermique
a été caractérisé expérimentalement sur des nanoparticules d'or individuelles. Les mesures obtenues
sont comparées à des calculs analytiques issus d'un modèle électrodynamique. Etant donné
que ce signal est directement proportionnel à la puissance absorbée, la méthode PHI ouvre la
voie à des expériences de spectroscopie d'absorption à l'échelle du nano-objet individuel. Dans
un premier temps, nous avons sondé la résonance plasmon de surface de nanoparticules d'or
individuelles de 5 à 33 nm de diamètre. Cette étude a abouti à l'observation d'effets de taille
intrinsèques, analysés dans le cadre de la théorie de Mie. Nous avons ensuite mesuré les spectres
d'absorption de nanocristaux individuels de CdSe en régime multiexcitonique. Pour un même
nanocristal, la comparaison des spectres d'absorption photothermique et d'émission permet de
discuter l'origine physique du signal photothermique. Enfin, nous avons caractérisé la structure
de nanotubes de carbone semiconducteurs et métalliques individuels en analysant leurs spectres
d'absorption autour de leurs premières résonances optiques.
Berciaud, Stéphane. "Détection photothermique et spectroscopie d'absorption de nano-objets individuels : nanoparticules métalliques, nanocristaux semiconducteurs, et nanotubes de carbone". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13278.
Texto completoNguyen, Huu Nha. "Modélisation du transport classique et quantique dans les transistors à nanotube de carbone". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112034.
Texto completoThe development of new electronic devices from carbon-based nano materials (graphene, nanoribbons, nanotubes) opens attractive perspectives. Most of the devices, mainly field effect transistors (MOSFETs), are based on classical structures where the channel consists of a unidimensional carbon nanotube which has much higher transport properties than silicon. A common feature of many carbon nanotube MOSFETs (CNTFETs) is the existence of a Schottky barrier at the nanotube-metal interface of source and drain contacts. So, in the thesis, I have developed a model to take into account Schottky contacts in semiclassical Monte Carlo simulation of CNTFETs. The static and dynamic performances are analysed as a function of material parameters and structure geometries such as Schottky barrier height at metal-nanotube interface, gate length, gate oxide thickness, and nanotube diameter. Moreover, we compare the performances with those of ohmic contact devices. We present then a detailed analysis of transport in the channel of ohmic contact carbon nanotube transistors. Firstly, a strong ballisticity is obtained from classical simulation. It leads naturally to study the influence of quantum transport on microscopic and macroscopic transistor behaviours by the Wigner Monte Carlo formalism. Comparisons between microscopic results from Boltzmann formalism and Wigner formalism show the existence of coherent phenomena in CNTFETs. Meanwhile we notice that at macroscopic scale the difference between Wigner and Boltzmann currents is weaker when the gate length decreases. In fact, for smaller gate length, the source-drain tunnelling effect partly compensates quantum reflection at the end of the channel while the latter depends weakly on the gate length. That is the reason why the classical and quantum currents become quite similar
Sahraoui, Yosra. "Électrodes modifiées par des matériaux composites fonctionnalisés pour application capteurs et biocapteurs". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10071.
Texto completoThe objective of the study consists in the development of modified electrodes, based on nanomaterials for electroanalytical applications. In this aim, different methods of modification of the electrodes have been proposed: chemical functionalization, adsorption and electropolymerization, using the electrostatic and covalent interactions between electrode surfaces and nanomaterials (magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, polyoxometallates and carbon nanotubes). The prepared modified electrodes have allowed the obtaining of detection devices (sensors and biosensors) characterized for their interesting analytical performances in terms of sensitivity and detection limit. Urea biosensors, based on semi-conducting electrodes, functionalized with magnetic nanoparticles coated with urease enzyme, have allowed the sensitive detection of urea. Chemical sensors for the sensitive detection of nitrite ion have been obtained through functionalization of glassy carbon electrodes and boron doped diamond electrodes with polyoxometallates. The combination of both types of nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes and hybrid polyoxometallates) have allowed the obtaining of an original structure that presents conductive properties of nanotubes and electrocatalytic properties of polyoxometallates. These original structures have allowed the fabrication of enzymatic biosensors with a high sensitivity for the detection of glucose and catechol
El, Mel Abdel-Aziz. "Etude de nanocomposites métal/carbone synthétisés par procédé plasma hybride : des couches minces aux nanofibres". Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2082.
Texto completoIn this work, a hybrid plasma process has been employed for the first time to prepare metal/carbon nanocomposites thin films. This process combines magnetron sputtering of metal target and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using methane as a precursor for carbon deposition. Two materials have been considered for this study: titanium/carbon (TiC/a-C) and nickel/carbon (Ni/a-C). The evolutions of the chemical composition and the microstructure of the films as a function of the deposition conditions have been studied. The microstructure analysis revealed that the TiC/a-C films were formed of TiC nanoparticles embedded in a hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C) matrix. By adjusting the carbon content within the films, the size of the nanoparticles can be controlled from 3 nm up to 30 nm. The hardness of these films, evaluated by nanoindentation, varies between 10 and 35 GPa. On the other hand, the Ni/a-C films have shown a different type of microstructure. At low carbon content the films consist of nickel nanowires of high aspect ratio embedded in a-C matrix. When increasing the carbon content within the films, the nickel phase takes a form of spherical nanoparticles instead of nanowires. The electrical behavior of these films as well as their use for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes have been also investigated. After optimizing the deposition of thin films, a new method devoted for the fabrication of nanofibers has been developed. This method is based on a direct deposition of the material onto a nano-grated silicon substrate which serves as a template. The obtained nanofibers (Ni, Ti, ZnO) have a diameter of about 150 nm and a length up to several millimeters
Sanfins, Elodie. "Etude de la Régulation de l'activité de l'arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) par les nanoparticules de noir de carbone". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077110.
Texto completoArylamine N-acetyltranferases (NATs) are xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes that play a major role in the detoxication and/or the bioactivation of aromatic amines some of which are carcinogenic. We have studied the effects of carbon black nanoparticles (NPs) on the biotransformation of carcinogenic aromatic amines by the human NATl. These NPs are potentially toxic and they co-exist with AAs in professional environment such as the rubber industry. The results obtained in this study show that the incubation of recombinant human NATl with increasing concentrations of NPs lead to the dose dependant inhibition of the biotransformation activity of the enzyme. Kinetic analysis and ultracentrifugation assays point out that the enzyme is rapidly adsorbed on the NPs leading to its irreversible inhibition Furthermore, circular dichroïsm data highlighted that NP-NAT1 interaction induce changes in the secondary structure of the enzyme probably responsible for its irreversible inhibition. Finally, the exposition by NPs of pulmonary epithelial cells in culture leads to the inhibition of the endogenous enzyme and to the alteration of the cell dependant acetylation of aromatic amines. Overall the results suggest that the exposition by NPs may alter the metabolism of aromatic pollutants and may contribute to the increase in NP potential toxicity
Moreira, Da Silva Cora. "Développement d'une stratégie de synthèse de catalyseurs métalliques pour la croissance sélective de nanotubes de carbone". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASF013.
Texto completoIn the age of miniaturization of ever more powerful electronic components, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most promising materials. The realization of transistors based on SWCNTs has become a real scientific and economic challenge. Unfortunately, the single-wall CNTs, essential to this nanotechnology, can be either metallic or semiconductor depending on their atomic structure and we do not yet know how to select them sufficiently efficiently during their synthesis. Numerous research teams have been working for nearly 25 years for this purpose. The growth technique that has shown the greatest selectivity is CVD (chemical vapor deposition) assisted by nanoparticles acting as catalysts. Based on theoretical studies demonstrating the importance of carbon solubility within catalysts for selective growth, several groups have focused on the use of bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) composed of carbon-solubilizing atoms (Co , Fe, Ni) allied to atoms which do not dissolve it (Ru, W etc.), in order to be able to play on the carbon concentration of these nanoreactors at the time of growth. The aim of this thesis is to develop a strategy for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, of size, shape and controlled chemical composition, common to several catalytic systems, in order to be able to play on the mechanisms governing the growth of CNTs in a perfectly controlled manner. We propose here a method of colloidal synthesis at controlled temperature, making it possible to obtain NPs in solid solution, homogeneous in volume, shapes, sizes and controlled chemical compositions. This method allows the synthesis of nano-alloys, whether they are bi-, tri-, tetra-, or even pentametallic. The study of these particles by transmission electron microscopy has also enabled us to highlight the presence of a force on the surface acting on the colloidal NPs and on their lattice parameter. Finally, we tested these new particles by exposing them to a carbon gas in an environmental microscope (NanoMAX - LPICM and IPCMS - Strasbourg), which validated the viability of our colloidal pathway for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes and have followed in situ their growth
Luo, Jingjie. "Formation de nanoparticules d'or supportées sur silice Stöber : mécanismes et applications". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01038161.
Texto completoPana, Cristina. "Development of new carbon hybrid materials for Li+ and Na+ ion batteries applications". Thesis, Mulhouse, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MULH0541.
Texto completoDuring the last years a lot of research has been focused on batteries to satisfy their increasing demand for a broad application. Metal-based/carbon hybrid materials received great attention as anodes for Li and Na ion batteries due to their higher capacity compared to graphite/hard carbons anodes. However, the metal particle size expansion and the high irreversible capacity during cycling are the main inconvenients to be overcome and represent the main goal of this thesis. Three type of hybrids were studied(C@Sn and C@SiO2for LIBs, and C@Sb for NIBs) and original synthesis pathways were developed which allowed to obtain materials with small and homogeneous distributed particles in the carbon network. Several experimental parameters were tuned leading to a large pallet of materials exhibiting different porosities, structures and particle size/distribution. The temperature and the particle loading were found to be the main parameters affecting the porosity and the particle size and further the electrochemical performances. The increase of both temperature and particle loading lead to smaller porosity which successfully allowed to diminish the irreversible capacity and to improve the reversible capacity. In the same time, the long-term cycling was negatively affected due to the formation of un-confined and agglomerated particles. The extent of particle agglomeration and consequently of capacity fading was found to depend on the type of metal and synthesis route. A compromise between the carbon loading/porosity/structure was determined for each system and the electrochemical mechanisms addressed based on post-mortem analyses
Neabo, Jules Romeo. "Synthèse des matériaux riches en carbone à partir de la polymérisation topochimique des diacétylènes". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30071/30071.pdf.
Texto completoThe present thesis describes two strategies toward the synthesis of carbon-rich nano-objects namely organic nanotubes and graphene-like materials. The common point of our methodology is based on topochemical polymerization of phenyl-terminated diacetylene units derivatives. The proof-of-concept regarding the topochemical polymerization of diarylbutadiyne derivatives in the gel state is presented in chapter two. The same strategy is used to study the topochemical polymerization of octatetrayne derivatives in the same state. Optical properties show that the resulting material is made of carbon-rich nanoparticles with variable sizes. The overall results are included in chapter three. Chapter four describes the synthesis of polydiacetylene nanowires by topochemical polymerization of star-shaped molecules containing diarylbutadiyne moieties. The chapter five, which is the most important, describes the synthesis of defect-free graphene-like material from temperature mediated cycloaromatization reaction of 2D polydiacetylene obtained by topochemical polymerization of oligomers of diarylbutadiyne precursor. Finally, chapter six presents attempt toward the synthesis of organic nanotubes from topochemical polymerization of diacetylene from meta-poly(phenyl butadiyne) foldamers.
Kerdi, Fatmé. "Nouveaux carbones mésostructurés comme supports de nanoparticules d’or pour des oxydations sélectives aérobies". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10170/document.
Texto completoHighly dispersed gold nanoparticles in ordered mesoporous carbons CMK-3 have been obtained by an original method which consists in replicating mesoporous SBA-15 silicas containing gold nanoparticles. The gold particle size is smaller when the silica surface is functionalized with a thiol (mercaptopropyl graft, MPTMS) (dAu ~ 2 nm) than with an ammonium (TPTAC) (dAu ~ 6 nm). The gold particle size in replicas can be controlled by both the calcination temperature of the silica template and the pyrolysis temperature of the carbon source. Although the carbon replicas are much better dispersed in non polar solvents than the corresponding silica templates, they are less active in the aerobic oxidations of cyclohexene and trans-stilbene in the liquid phase. The best performances in the oxidation of these two molecules have been obtained on replicas pyrolysed at 750°C and containing gold particles with an average size of about 2 nm. The very small particles are unexpectedly less active probably because they are completely coated by carbon, and thus inaccessible. The catalytic performances of our replicas have been compared with those of a Au/CMK-3 catalyst prepared by colloidal deposition onto a preformed mesoporous carbon replica. The results show that our catalysts are much less active than that prepared by colloidal deposition because the majority of particles in our replicas are covered by carbon. The inaccessibility of particles to gases has been confirmed by hydrogen chemisorption on a Pt/CMK-3 catalyst prepared by an identical method
Bouvrée, Audrey. "Développement de composites polymères conducteurs (CPC) en couches minces pour la détection de vapeurs". Lorient, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LORIS108.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to develop new Conductive Polymer Composites in thin layer with chemo-electric properties for solvent sensing. The first chapter is a literature review to introduce and present CPCs. The percolation and vapor sensing principles are discussed. The solvent diffusion in a polymer matrix is also addressed in order to identify what are the phenomena responsible for sensing. Finally, a presentation of different applications for CPCs. The second chapter is a literature review and deals with the structuration of the conductive nanoparticles network in thin layers. The third chapter is devoted to materials and techniques used in the preparation and characterisation of CPCs. The fourth chapter presents the preparation, morphological and chemo-electrical characterisations of thin layers of microstructured CPCs-based carbon nanoparticles. The final chapter presents the preparation and characterization of nanostructured CPCs-based gold nanoparticles
Bonnin, Maëlle. "Diversité structurale des agrégats de carbone et d'hydrogène, implications pour les porteurs des bandes aromatiques infrarouges". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS156/document.
Texto completoThe mid-IR emission of many lines of sight in the Interstellar Medium (ISM) displays Aromatic Infrared Bands (AIBs) commonly attributed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Identifying AIB carriers would allow for a clearer view of carbon matter evolution in the ISM. We intend to compare AIBs with theoretically derived and expermentally obtained IR spectra of hydrocarbon nanoparticles. The work done here focused on the structural analysis of such systems. Disordered molecular systems containing 24 to 60 C-atoms are generated by multi-tempering Monte Carlo simulations using the empirical potential AIREBO. After quenching the potential energy, the created structures are characterized with various order parameters. The evolution of the structural organization is analyzed as a function size and chemical composition (C/H ratio) of the systems. Generated structures display a great diversity, The statistical study of the order parameters shows tendancies. The global shape of the clusters depends on their size. H-atoms, often found on the edges of cage-like structures, favour a higher degree of organization. The calculation of IR spectra for those structures will be done in the future. To obtain experimental spectra of gas-phase hydrocarbon nanoparticles, the development of the IR emission spectrometer FIREFLY was continued. FIREFLY was coupled with a source of nanoparticles. Thoses developments will soon allow to measure experimental spectra of the molecular systems of interest