Tesis sobre el tema "Nanoparticules"
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Yu, Qian. "Transport électronique dans les nanoparticules : du réseau à la nanoparticule individuelle". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066747.
Texto completoI present a study of electron transport in arrays of gold nanoparticles formed by the Langmuir –Blodgett method. In weakly coupled arrays, electronic transport is due to sequential tunnel diffusion described by activated laws. By increasing the coupling between the nanoparticles, a diffusion regime controlled by cotunneling is reached, where electronic transport is described by the Efros-Shklovskii law. The nanoparticles, which present various electronic properties, allow considering the study of their electronic spectrum in the regime of strong quantum confinement. To study the electronic spectrum of individual nanoparticles, we developed a setup for vacuum projection of nanoparticles which allows fabricating efficiently single nanoparticle devices. This setup has been tested with the observation of Coulomb blockade in gold nanoparticles. Then, this setup has been applied to the fabrication of single nanoparticle devices with magnetite nanoparticles. These circuits allowed establishing the out-of-equilibrium phase diagram of the Verwey transition as function of temperature and electric field. We have also studied the evolution of the tunneling current in the field emission regime through thin films of PMMA deposited on two electrodes separated by a distance of the order of ten nanometers. We observed that the scission of polymer chains leads to a measurable additional electronic noise
Hamdoun, Bassam. "Composites copolymères/nanoparticules". Le Mans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LEMA1004.
Texto completoArnould, Amandine. "Caractérisation de nanoparticules en milieux complexes : Applications à des nanoparticules organiques et métalliques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI098/document.
Texto completoThe extensive use of nanomaterials has raised awareness about health issues and their fate in the environment. That is why they are now subject to regulation that has imposed their traceability from their manufacturing to their distribution as the establishment of their characteristics (chemical composition, size, agglomeration state, shape ...). A characterization routine for nanoparticles in suspension was developed. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) fulfills most of the criteria cited before by combining imaging and spectroscopy techniques. Three sample preparation methods were optimized to ensure high quality results : a dry process, rapid freezing to vitrify the sample and the use of an textit{in-situ} liquid TEM holder to prevent any preparation artefact (no phase change). To obtain quantitative analysis, a comparison was made between Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Multi-Angle Light Scattering (MALS), with and without a fractionation system (AF4), and TEM. To support this work, two nanomaterials were analyzed. The first one is a nanoemulsion composed of lipid nanoparticles stabilized by surfactants used as nanocarriers for drug delivery. Their stability after protein interaction was investigate and some size variations were observed. The second material is a powder composed of titanium dioxide nanoparticles used as UV filters in sunscreens. These nanoparticles were analyzed before and after interaction with UV radiation in a climatic chamber to confirm their stability. The different protocols developed in this PhD may be used for the analysis of other nanomaterials
Do, Syou-P'heng. "Composites cristaux liquides/nanoparticules, synergies entre matière molle et propriétés électroniques de nanoparticules". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS555.
Texto completoThe topic of this thesis is about the structure of smectic topological defects and the self-assembly of spherical gold nanoparticles trapped inside and outside these defects. We prepare liquid crystal films (about 200 nm thickness) which create arrays of perfectly oriented defect lines (mostly dislocations). These defect lines can trap nanoparticles with a diameter varying from 4 to 9 nm and induce an organization into chains oriented along the direction of the defects. This arrangement of gold nanoparticles is responsible for the anisotropy of the optical response (localized surface plasmon resonance) associated to an electromagnetic coupling in the direction of the chains which allows to control the extinction with the polarization of the light. An increase of the concentration of nanoparticles leads to an evolution of their organization from chains to hexagonal monolayers with the (10) direction parallel to the defect lines suggesting a growth mechanism around the chains. Furthermore, we reveal a compression of the nanoparticles both in the chains and in the 2D structures which we explain with a model of the interactions between nanoparticles. This model is based on a new estimation of the structure of the liquid crystal matrix by synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements which contains a rotating grain boundary with two dislocation lines at its summit (Burgers vectors 6 and 4) and another one near the substrate (Burgers vector 2). The elastic deformations of the smectic layers close to the defects are estimated. Finally, we show that the self-assembly of the nanoparticles can be modified through heating treatment
Ghaymouni, Jaouad. "Etude et caractérisation de nanoparticules". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0075.
Texto completoThis work describes how to create and characterize metallic nanoparticles. Two major steps are required to obtain such nanoparticles. The first one consists in the making of thin layers using a sputtering method. To evaluate the efficiency of this method, we have carefully analyzed how various parameters may affect the deposit. The set of parameters includes the distance between the target and the substrate, the current and the time of deposit. We have shown that these parameters are crucial regarding the morphology of the layer, its porosity as well as its optical and electrical properties. The second step consists in the preparation of the nanoparticles solution using a new method using ultrasounds. By characterizing the solutions, we have carefully checked the properties of the nanoparticles and the efficiency of the method. The tools and the methods we have used are based on imagery (MEB, TEM, AFM), optical and spectroscopic characterization and dynamic light scattering. First results are also presented concerning targeted therapy. The aim is to use the nanoparticles we have made to destroy tumor cells. An experimental setup has been used to evaluate the capabilities of the nanoparticles to increase their temperature under magnetic field activity using a field of 15 mT at high frequencies (200 kHz)
Joly-Pottuz, Lucile. "Nanoparticules lubrifiantes à structure fermée". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/jpottuz.pdf.
Texto completoAdditives with tribological action (MoDTC and ZnDTP) used at present are organic molecules containing sulphur and phosphorous. For environmental reasons, it is important to reduce or eliminate the presence of these two elements in oil. In this study, we are being interested in nanoparticles with closed structure (spherical, cylindrical) as potential substitutes of these additives. Their size, nanometric, enables them to enter easily the contact and their structure, closed, confers a great chemical inertia to them. Fullerenes of MS2 show very good friction reducing and anti wear properties. Their lubrication mechanism is based on the release of hexagonal MS2 sheets in the contact area. Tribological properties of carbon nanotubes depend on several parameters (number of wall, presence of catalyst). A structural modification of nanotubes inside the contact area is necessary
Cizaire, Linda. "Lubrification limite par les nanoparticules". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/lcizaire.pdf.
Texto completoThe@replacement of aggressive organic molecules by mineral particles which could reduce friction and wear has been the main idea of this research work. The aim is thus to reduce product concentration in lubricant and pollutant gas émission. Boundary lubircation regime is well suited for this type of study in particular for being discriminative in tested nanoparticles efficacy. We are firstly being interested in an anti-wear additive named Overbased Calcium AlkylBenzen Sulfonates and we have shown then friction reduction capabilities of inorganic-fullerene (IF) MoS2 nanoparticles. Physical and chemical studies of nanoparticles by EFTEM, XPS XANES, ToF-SIMS, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, EXAFS have been necessary to understand mechanisms induced by friction
Boyer, David. "Détection photothermique de nanoparticules métalliques". Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12684.
Texto completoJoly-Pottuz, Lucile Martin Jean-Michel. "Nanoparticules lubrifiantes à structure fermée". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/jpottuz.pdf.
Texto completoLiu, Yanping. "Elimination de nanoparticules d'effluents liquides". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0030/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this work is to develop a technique for separating nanoparticles from liquid media. The literature has shown the potential hazard of nanoparticules and a large quantity of the nanosilica release has been entering in water resources. Tests flotation separations are carried out without additive, in the presence of AlCl3, CTAB, and trying to change the surface charge of the bubbles. These tests are not very conclusive. Flotation has been observed, but only when the additive has led to the formation of flocs which have themselves been floated. The results of tests with additives showed that the interaction between heterocoagulation (flotation) and homocoagulation is very important, leading to the study of coagulation under the effect of AlCl3 and CTAB. The results revealed complex mechanisms of coagulation, because the particle size plays an important role. For each observed phenomenon, a mechanism has been proposed, trying to link the observations to modeling mechanisms of aggregation. From the standpoint of the separation process, coagulation followed by sedimentation to separate the silica nanoparticles with remarkable efficiency (decrease of 99% of the turbidity)
Castro, Nicolò. "Auto-assemblage de nanoparticules Janus". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS486/document.
Texto completo"Janus nanoparticles" is the term used to refer to colloidal nanoparticles made of two halves with different physical and chemical properties. Over the last years, several theoretical studies have been published on the self-assembly possibilities offered by these particles (in particular by Sciortino, F. et al.), but little experimental work has been done on them. The theoretical studies suggest that many interesting behaviors appear when the size of the particles approaches the interaction range of the forces at play (tens of nanometers in the case of van der Waals and hydrophobic forces). In this manuscript, we show the formation of clusters of Au–SiO₂ heterodimers with sizes of less than 100nm. The self-assembly was induced by exchanging the hydrophilic ligand on the Au surface with a hydrophobic one, which provided the attractive interaction. The assembly was followed by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. We found that shorter thiols have a longer induction period, and cause the particles to come closer together, compared to thiols with longer tails. We also study a second system: CdSe nanoplatelets. These are semiconducting quasi-2D structures with unique optical properties. These properties result from their reduced size in one of the dimensions. Because of their novelty and particularity, the nucleation and growth mechanism of these particles is still being studied. We followed the synthesis using in-situ SAXS and WAXS, to obtain information with regards to this mechanism and to study the deformation which occurs in some of these systems which leads to rolled up sheets of CdSe. The CdSe nanoplatelets were also used to create hybrid CdSe–Au structures. The combination of these two materials has already proven to produce unique effects such as enhanced catalysis and, combined with the reduced dimensionality and control of the platelets, could result in even more interesting characteristics. We propose a synthesis method which results in the formation of small gold spheres on the corners of the platelets. We show that the size of the spheres depends on the amount of precursor used, and show high resolution electron microscopy images which highlight the crystalline structure of both materials
Burel, Céline. "Synthèses et assemblages de nanoparticules". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066207/document.
Texto completoNanoparticles (NPs) assembled into two- or three-dimensional architectures offer new collective optical, magnetic and electronic properties. For instance, closely packed gold (Au) and silver (Ag) NPs absorb light at higher wavelength than when they are far apart. In the first part of this thesis, the technique of microfluidic pervaporation is used to assemble micron size latex particles and Au NPs in bulky materials of controlled dimensions. By reducing the concentration of salts in the particles dispersions, the particles organize in hexagonal crystals. Millimeter-long materials of small well-organized densely packed particles are collected, offering solid groundwork as for the design of new functional microscale optomaterials. In the second part of this thesis, the assembly of NPs on droplets is used to fabricate dispersed materials. By tuning the charges and wettability of Au and Ag NPs, they adsorb at the surface of emulsion droplets. A subsequent polymerization at the interface of the emulsion allows to lock the NPs inside an organic shell. In well-defined conditions, novel Au NP-silica microcapsules responsive to mechanical strains and Au NP-polyacrylate microcapsules responsive to pH variations are engineered. These microcapsules change color during their deformation due to the increase of the distance between the Au NPs. Each one of the microcapsules being one sensor by itself, these results pave the way as for the design of new microscale sensors
Burel, Céline. "Synthèses et assemblages de nanoparticules". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066207.
Texto completoNanoparticles (NPs) assembled into two- or three-dimensional architectures offer new collective optical, magnetic and electronic properties. For instance, closely packed gold (Au) and silver (Ag) NPs absorb light at higher wavelength than when they are far apart. In the first part of this thesis, the technique of microfluidic pervaporation is used to assemble micron size latex particles and Au NPs in bulky materials of controlled dimensions. By reducing the concentration of salts in the particles dispersions, the particles organize in hexagonal crystals. Millimeter-long materials of small well-organized densely packed particles are collected, offering solid groundwork as for the design of new functional microscale optomaterials. In the second part of this thesis, the assembly of NPs on droplets is used to fabricate dispersed materials. By tuning the charges and wettability of Au and Ag NPs, they adsorb at the surface of emulsion droplets. A subsequent polymerization at the interface of the emulsion allows to lock the NPs inside an organic shell. In well-defined conditions, novel Au NP-silica microcapsules responsive to mechanical strains and Au NP-polyacrylate microcapsules responsive to pH variations are engineered. These microcapsules change color during their deformation due to the increase of the distance between the Au NPs. Each one of the microcapsules being one sensor by itself, these results pave the way as for the design of new microscale sensors
Desbiens, Jessie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanoparticules de polymère dopées d'un complexe luminescent et de nanoparticules d'argent". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29213/29213.pdf.
Texto completoDesbiens, Jessie y Jessie Desbiens. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanoparticules de polymère dopées d'un complexe luminescent et de nanoparticules d'argent". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23691.
Texto completoLa synthèse et la caractérisation de nanoparticules de polymère dopées d’un complexe luminescent et de nanoparticules d’argent ont été réalisées. La polymérisation en mini-émulsion a permis d’obtenir des nanoparticules de polystyrène dopées d’un complexe luminescent. La concentration de complexe d’europium maximale pouvant être atteinte, sans qu’il y ait déstabilisation de l’émulsion, est de 2% (m/m). Il est également possible de préparer des nanoparticules de polymère contenant le complexe luminescent, ainsi que des nanoparticules métalliques. Pour ce faire, le complexe et les nanoparticules métalliques doivent être dispersés dans le monomère de départ. Il est donc nécessaire de modifier la surface des nanoparticules métalliques afin qu’il y ait une bonne affinité entre les nanoparticules métalliques et le polymère. Il est intéressant de confiner les nanoparticules métalliques dans la même particule de polymère que le luminophore afin d’observer leur impact sur la luminescence. Le rehaussement ou l’exaltation de la luminescence au voisinage de nanoparticules métalliques est un phénomène bien connu. Lorsqu’une nanoparticule métallique est excitée par une onde électromagnétique qui correspond à la fréquence de résonnance du nuage électronique de la particule, une augmentation du champ électrique est engendrée à proximité de la particule et a pour effet de rehausser la luminescence des luminophores à proximité. Les propriétés optiques des nanoparticules hybrides obtenues (polystyrène/complexe luminescent/argent) montrent, qu’effectivement, en présence d’argent, une augmentation de l’intensité lumineuse peut être observée.
Georgelin, Thomas. "Nanoparticules multifonctionnelles et traitements anticancéreux : couplage de la bléomycine à la surface de nanoparticules magnétiques". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066628.
Texto completoLouguet, Stéphanie. "Nanoparticules hybrides thermosensibles pour la théranostique". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14242/document.
Texto completoThis work deals with the development of hybrid nanoparticles that could offer new strategies for therapy and diagnostic. These are based on a magnetic core which can play the role of contrast agent for MRI as well as heat inductor in AC magnetic field. This inorganic core is surrounded by a thermo-responsive polymeric brush that controls the loading and the release of drugs, and can be functionalized by specific ligands ensuring the targeting specificity. A large part of this work consists in studying the adsorption mechanism of poly(ether)-b-poly(L-lysine) based block copolymers onto magnetic particle and to better understand the influence of the polymer chain conformation at particles surface on the colloidal stability under physiological conditions. An anticancer drug has been loaded and released in a controlled manner under alternative magnetic field by taking advantage from the thermosensitivity of the polyether block. Targeting peptides specific of inflammation sites at the blood brain barrier have been grafted onto copolymers. The targeting specificity has been demonstrated by MRI and fluorescence imaging in rats attesting the multifunctionality of such nanoparticles
Jamal, Al Dine Enaam. "Synthèse et caractérisation des nanoparticules intelligentes". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0054/document.
Texto completoOne of the major challenges in nanomedicine is to develop nanoparticulate systems able to serve as efficient diagnostic and/or therapeutic tools against sever diseases, such as infectious or neurodegenerative disorders. To enhance the detection and interpretation contrast agents were developed to increase the signal/noise ratio. Among them, Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO) and Quantum Dots (QDs) nanoparticles (NPs) have received a great attention since their development as a liver contrasting agent 20 years ago for the SPIO. Furthermore, their properties, originating from the nanosized dimension and shape, allow different bio-distribution and opportunities beyond the conventional chemical imaging agents. The opportunity to coat those biocompatible NPs by a polymer shell that can ensure a better stability of the materials in the body, enhance their bio-distribution and give them new functionalities. It has appeared then that they are very challenging for medicinal applications. In this work, we have developed new responsive SPIO and QDs based NPs that are able to carry the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and release it in physiological media and at the physiological temperature. Two families of NPs were synthesized, the first one consist in superparamagnetic Fe3O4 NPs that were functionalized by a biocompatible responsive copolymer based on 2-(2-methoxy) ethyl methacrylate (MEO2MA), oligo (ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA). The second family consists in the ZnO NPs coated by the same copolymer. For the first time, P(MEO2MAX-OEGMA100-X) was grown by activator regenerated by electron transfer–atom radical polymerization (ARGET-ATRP) from the NPs surfaces by surface-initiated polymerization. The core/shell NPs were fully characterized by the combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and by the physical properties of the nanostructures studied. We demonstrate the efficiency of the ARGET-ATRP process to graft polymers and copolymers at the surface of Fe3O4 and ZnO NPs. The influence of the polymer chain configuration (which leads to the aggregation of the NPs above the collapse temperature of the copolymer (LCST)) was studied. We have demonstrated that the magnetic properties of the core/shell Fe3O4-based nanostructures were only influenced by the amount of the grafted polymer and no influence of the aggregation was evidenced. This simple and fast developed process is efficient for the grafting of various co-polymers from any surfaces and the derived nanostructured materials display the combination of the physical properties of the core and the macromolecular behavior of the shell. The drug release experiments confirmed that DOX was largely released above the co-polymer LCST. Moreover, the cytocompatibility test showed that those developed NPs do not display any cytotoxicity depending on their concentration in physiological media. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the new nanomaterials developed can be considered for further use as multi-modal cancer therapy tools
Garcia, Cécile. "Synthèse de nanoparticules par voie électrochimique". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30179.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the synthesis of metallic (Ni-Co alloy) and oxide (Fe3O4), nanoparticles elaborated by an electrochemical process in ethanol medium. The study and the optimization made on the process lead to produce bimetallic nanoparticles of Ni/Co stabilized by surfactant with a rod-like morphology. A systematic experimental study shows clear relation between the synthesis parameters (current density, water percentage in ethanol, synthesis time, reagent concentration) and the morphology and structure of these Ni/Co nano-rods or wires. Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were also obtained using a new process based on direct electro-precipitation of an oxide in a dry solvent. This very simple process allows to produce quasi-monodisperse spherical nanoparticles (2-5 nm) in an ethanol medium without any stabilizing agent. To characterize these various nanoparticles, we systematically used transmission electron microscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering
Wu, Nan. "Filtration de nanoparticules par procédés membranaires". Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDM0017.
Texto completoTewa, Tagne Patrice. "Séchage par atomisation de nanoparticules polymériques". Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10063.
Texto completoGreget, Romain. "Propriétés magnétiques de nanoparticules d’or fonctionnalisées". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6195.
Texto completoThe observation of magnetic properties in gold nanoparticles, capped by a variety of organic ligands, has been widely investigated since its first discovery, a decade ago. In fact, the manifestation of a blocked magnetic moment in nanoparticles made of diamagnetic materials is pretty unusual. Despite the huge amount of papers dealing with the magnetic properties of metallic nanoparticles, no theory up to now was able to fully explain this kind of behavior, nor the lack of reproducibility between all the results published in the literature by several independent groups. We then had the idea to perform complementary measurements, in order to discover the origin of this magnetism. In a first time, we had to synthesize many batches of nanoparticles. Getting gold nanoparticles having well defined size and shape, with a good reproducibility has shown to be not as easy as it seemed, and required the use of a huge variety of synthetic routes described in literature. Once this crucial step was mastered, the nanoparticles were carefully purified and characterized. Then, their magnetic properties were investigated by using SQUID magnetometry, nuclear (NMR) and electronic (ESR) spectroscopy, or element specific techniques such as XMCD. The obtained results led us to propose a new theory to explain the magnetism in gold, and in a more general way, in metallic nanoparticles. Our idea is that permanent currents can flow in such objects, and can lead to the observation of magnetic moment. This model explains all experimental results observed in this work and in the literature, in contradiction with previous models described
Kumar, Aashutosh. "Caractérisation spectroscopique de nanoparticules piégées optiquement". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY046.
Texto completoSince the past few decades, optical tweezers have emerged as a tool for contactless trapping and manipulating nanoparticles. The optical trapping using optical fibers is a complementary and versatile approach that allows easy integration of other experimental techniques such as spectroscopy. In this context, we have studied the optical trapping of nanoparticles using two distinct fiber tweezers setups in air and water, respectively. The particle trapping in air has been observed as challenging, using a diverging beam produced by nanostructured fibers, since it could not pull the particles towards the center of the light beam. In contrast, the particle trapping in water has appeared to be very efficient, which has been realized using two counter-facing tapered fiber tips. To further enhance the trapping efficiency and flexibility of this setup, we have implemented two different 3D printed fibers: Fresnel lens and total internal reflection (TIR)-probe fibers. This experimental setup has been used for optical trapping and spectroscopic characterization of europium-doped nanorods by employing two different fiber types. Firstly, we have studied the stable nanorod trapping in tip-contact using a diverging beam producing beam fiber. Secondly, the efficient nanorod trapping has been realized using the counter-propagating converging beams of two Fresnel lens fibers at about 200 µm distance between these fibers. These nanorod trapping experiments have been exploited for measuring the direction and polarization-resolved Eu3+ photoluminescence emission. A polarization-dependent emission has been studied in a perpendicular direction with respect to the nanorod axis, which allowed the determination of σ and π-polarization of emission electric and magnetic dipole transitions. We have precisely determined the orientation of optically trapped nanorods using trapping videos and spectroscopic means. It further motivates us for faster spectroscopic analysis of these nanorods from the perspective of microrheologic experiments. In the last experiment, we have trapped plasmonic oxide nanoparticles in the aspect of studying their light absorption feature for bio-sensing applications
Nappa, Jérôme. "Diffusion hyper Rayleigh de nanoparticules métalliques". Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10248.
Texto completoPréaubert, Lise. "Reprotoxicité des nanoparticules : approche in vitro". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0749.
Texto completoThe fast development of nanotechnology gives rise to questions regarding the potential risks on human health. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NP) are widely used, as diesel additive, as well as promising therapeutic in cancerology, yet scarce data are currently available on their toxicity. It has been shown that metal nanoparticles can cross biological barriers and accumulate into various organs including the gonads after in vivo exposure. Our objectives were to investigate CeO2NP’s genotoxicity on mouse spermatozoa and oocytes, human spermatozoa, and to study their possible impact on murine IVF.We showed a significant decrease of fertilization rate, during IVF carried out in culture medium containing CeO2NP at very low concentration (0.01mg/l). We also showed significant DNA damage induced in vitro by CeO2NP on mouse spermatozoa and oocytes at 0.01 mg/l using Comet assay. TEM did not detect any nanoparticles in the IVF samples at 0.01 mg/l, but showed, at high concentration (100 mg/l), their endocytosis by the cumulus cells surrounding oocytes and their accumulation along spermatozoa plasma membranes and oocytes zona pellucida. We showed significant DNA damage induced by CeO2NP on human spermatozoa. The genotoxicity was inversely proportional to the concentration. At 0.01 mg/l, the genotoxicity mechanisms involved oxidative stress and close interactions between spermatozoa and CeO2NP.We demonstrate for the first time the impact of CeO2NP on in vitro fertilization, as well as their genotoxicity on mouse gametes and human sperm, at very low nanoparticle concentration exposure. These results support several publications on metal nanoparticles reprotoxicity
Lallart, Adeline. "Ultra propreté : des microgouttes aux nanoparticules". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY019/document.
Texto completoWith the evolution of microelectronics and the miniaturization of the various components at the nanoscale, the size of the critical particles to be removed during the manufacturing process has been drastically reduced. Indeed, this critical size is currently of the order of 10 nm. Cleaning processes must therefore be able to remove these particles without surfaces damage. In order to answer this challenge, two methods are studied in this work: the use of a spray and the joint application of a polymer layer and a spray.The spray has been used for many years in the microelectronics field. However, the mechanism of particles detachment by this method is still not assimilated. The purpose of this study is to better understand it. Thus, different parameters will be studied leading to the development of a detachment model, showing new variables related to the cleaning process, contamination (nature and particle size) or the storage conditions of surfaces.For its part, the process by using a combination of polymer layer and spray is in full development, but little information is available today. Nevertheless, early studies have demonstrated its ability to clean surfaces with patterns and its effectiveness regardless of the size of the contamination. In this work, different methods of the polymer layer removal will be compared as well as some physicochemical properties specific to it. The objective is to detect key parameters influencing particle removal and to propose a premise of elucidation of the physical mechanisms involved
Frka-Petesic, Bruno. "Agrégats de nanoparticules magnétiques auto-assemblées". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066626.
Texto completoHaque, Francia. "Réactivité de nanoparticules d'oxydes d'orientations définies". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066420/document.
Texto completoThe analysis of adsorption from the first stage to saturation is necessary to understand gas/solid interactions. This is the motivation for surface analysis under vacuum. The common approach of dispersed materials surfaces is incomplete since working pressures, that are high enough to achieve reasonable reaction times, do not allow studies of powder surfaces from bare to fully covered. The aim of the present work is to examine the successive changes of ZnO, MgO and ZnxMg1-xO nanopowders upon exposure to water or hydrogen from UHV to the ambient by FTIR. It is shown that ZnO smokes behave in a same way as a collection of single crystals which exhibit (0001), (0001̅), (101̅0) and (112̅0) faces with a non-polar/polar ratio of 75/25. Combining FTIR with XPS and TPD techniques, three stages of hydroxylation were identified on MgO smokes: point defects (10-8 mbar), steps (10-6 mbar) then terraces (> 10-5 mbar). Results indicate a reorganisation of surface structure showing that water adsorption on MgO(100) is an irreversible process. The common model of MgO as a series of (100) facets is questioned. At low concentrations of zinc, the mixed oxide ZnxMg1-xO consists of crystals with similar structure as MgO. A segregation of Zn2+ toward low coordinated surface sites is suggested to explain the changes in reactivity of the ZnxMg1-xO with respect to water and hydrogen at low coverages. Furthermore, the mixture ZnO-MgO produced by combustion of ZnMg alloy combines the antibacterial properties of ZnO and the biocompatibility of MgO, interesting for potential applications. The overall results demonstrate the relevance of the study of powders in ultra-high vacuum conditions
Haque, Francia. "Réactivité de nanoparticules d'oxydes d'orientations définies". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066420.pdf.
Texto completoThe analysis of adsorption from the first stage to saturation is necessary to understand gas/solid interactions. This is the motivation for surface analysis under vacuum. The common approach of dispersed materials surfaces is incomplete since working pressures, that are high enough to achieve reasonable reaction times, do not allow studies of powder surfaces from bare to fully covered. The aim of the present work is to examine the successive changes of ZnO, MgO and ZnxMg1-xO nanopowders upon exposure to water or hydrogen from UHV to the ambient by FTIR. It is shown that ZnO smokes behave in a same way as a collection of single crystals which exhibit (0001), (0001̅), (101̅0) and (112̅0) faces with a non-polar/polar ratio of 75/25. Combining FTIR with XPS and TPD techniques, three stages of hydroxylation were identified on MgO smokes: point defects (10-8 mbar), steps (10-6 mbar) then terraces (> 10-5 mbar). Results indicate a reorganisation of surface structure showing that water adsorption on MgO(100) is an irreversible process. The common model of MgO as a series of (100) facets is questioned. At low concentrations of zinc, the mixed oxide ZnxMg1-xO consists of crystals with similar structure as MgO. A segregation of Zn2+ toward low coordinated surface sites is suggested to explain the changes in reactivity of the ZnxMg1-xO with respect to water and hydrogen at low coverages. Furthermore, the mixture ZnO-MgO produced by combustion of ZnMg alloy combines the antibacterial properties of ZnO and the biocompatibility of MgO, interesting for potential applications. The overall results demonstrate the relevance of the study of powders in ultra-high vacuum conditions
Jacquin, Léa. "Synthèse de nanoparticules modèles de polyéthylène". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10282.
Texto completoThe life cycle of plastics is far from being circular, resulting in the release of several million tons of plastics into the environment each year due to weak waste management. These plastics undergo degradation processes, mainly photo-oxidation, which fragment them into nanoplastics (ranging in size from 1 nm to 1 µm). First detected in the 2010s, nanoplastics are now at the center of many studies on their potential impact on biodiversity and human health. Due to their small size, colloidal nature, presence of additives, oxidation state, and surrounding organic matter, nanoplastics are complex to analyze in terms of surface, morphology, and chemical nature. The use of model nanoparticles (NPs) is essential to assess their toxicity Polystyrene NPs are often used in studies, but it is not the most representative polymer since the most prevalent polymer in the environment is polyethylene (PE). Thanks to its low production cost, PE is the most produced polymer in the worldbut its synthesis remains complex due to the gaseous nature of its monomer, requiring high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. The objective of this thesis is to synthesize PE NPs with the most realistic oxidation state and surface possible. To achieve this, emulsion radical polymerization of ethylene, developed at CP2M, enables the synthesis of PE NPs directly dispersed in water under mild pressure and temperature conditions (P < 200 bars, T < 100 °C). This method has been used to produce different types of NPs with controlled surface charges and sizes. Surfactant-free synthesis was studied using various initiators: non-ionic, anionic, and cationic. The absence of charge in the initiator hinders the effective stabilisation of the particles, thereby impeding the ability to control their size. However, with the anionic and cationic initiators, monodisperse NPs with sizes ranging from 50 to 150 nm were obtained. These particles are stable over time due to electrostatic repulsion from surface charges provided by the charged groups of the initiators. Additionally, seeding the PE latex allowed for an extended range of particle diameter while maintaining a narrow size distribution. To simulate the oxidation state of nanoplastics in the environment and accelerate their degradation, ethylene was copolymerized with two polar monomers: vinyl acetate, allowing ester groups to be introduced in side chains at different molar fractions, and carbon monoxide, to introduce carbonyl groups into the PE chain. Finally, ethylene was copolymerized with fluorescent monomers in order to obtain fluorescent NPs facilitating the tracking of NPs in model organisms without the risk of fluorophore release. Moreover, in the environment, nanoplastics are generally covered by a biofilm. This natural organic matter present on the surface of NPs modifies their physicochemical properties, particularly in terms of buoyancy and sedimentation, and could also maintain their colloidal state in saline environments. The formation of a corona with several types of macromolecules on the surface of model NPs was studied by synchrotron-SAXS. The adsorption of proteins and polysaccharides allowed the formation of a corona on the surface of the NPs with sufficiently strong interactions to ensure their stability in seawater
Lemaître, Caroline. "Contribution à l'étude théorique, numérique et expérimentale des nanoantennes patch optiques". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22742/document.
Texto completoIn the field of biosensors, efficient absorption of the electromagnetic field in a confined space is essential. The use of metallic nanoparticules comparable to metamaterials is the best way, to date, to amplify the field. In fact, by placing a dielectric film between a metal substrate and these particules, we allow the propagation of a gap-plasmon under these particules. This locates the magnetic field under these particules and the electric field on the edges of these nanoparticules. The resonances of this system are very sensitive to the environment of the gap-plasmon which allows very precise analysis. Although we can explain where these resonances come from, the efficiency to absorb of these structures remains poorly understood. The interferometric control is a response to this efficiency. In this report, I show that interferometric modeling of this system can fully explain the absorption. Indeed, the interferometric control well explains the presence of resonances at specific wavelenghts or the appearance of resonances when the angle of incidence is not normal. This study is very important to understand and master biosensors. In addition, this model can explain the amplification of the field in these structures and will allow us to provide the resonances of a system in various environments
Schneider, Grégory. "Fonctionnalisation de nanoparticules d'or par la technique couche par couche : Vers la conception de nanoparticules cytotoxiques furtives". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13221.
Texto completoHere we report that gold nanoparticles can easily be coated using Layer-by-Layer (LbL) deposition technique as the sole method with up to 20 deposited polyelectrolyte layers. The gold core has been be gently dissolved by an etching reaction with cyanide, resulting in empty (hollow?) nanospheres. Parameters influencing their functionalisation (respectively bridging flocculation) were studied and carefully optimized. Additionnaly, it has been shown that for high ionic strength of the dispersing medium, particles get aggregated due to the screening by salt of the surface charges. This problem was overcomed by the adsorption of a hydrophilic copolymer top layer. This copolymer has been synthetised by radical copolymerization of three monomers. The first monomer ensures the hydrophilicity of nanoparticles surface, the second allows the covalent LbL deposition of the terpolymer on nanoparticle and the third is biologically active and bears an anticancerous drug through a enzymatically cleavable spacer. From the functionnalisation of nanoparticles with this terpolymer, originates a huge stability of nanoparticles in isotonic buffers, even in presence of proteins like albumine. In vitro experiments in presence macrophages reveal the absence of phogocytosis by macrophages and also allows these multifunctional nanoparticles to be considered as stealthy. Another project was to take advantage from the easy construction of a high number of alternate layers on gold nanoparticles, for studying the fluororescence quenching by metallic nanocores by varying the distance between fluorophores and the core. This study reveals that higher the distance nanoparticle/fluorophore is, higher the emission by fluorescence was, also lower the quenching by the metallic core was. Additionnaly, through the dissolution of the gold core (exaltation of the fluorescence), the conception of the first fluorescent LbL-based nanocapsules has been reported
Hénault, Marie. "Métrologie des nanoparticules dans un plasma froid capacitif basse pression : développement de diagnostics de métrologie des nanoparticules". Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2005/document.
Texto completoDust nanoparticles metrology has become a major scientific and industrial issue in order to control the characteristics of nano-objects (size, density, etc.). For industrial interests it concerns processes control and monitoring, manufactured products quality, human being and environment protection. It is therefore, crucial to find innovative methods of characterization and easy to implement and to handle. The objective of this research program was to develop and optimize solutions for characterizing nanoparticles in dry process and environment using a plasma (promoting disagglomeration of the studied powders). The presence of nanoparticles substantially altering the electrical characteristics of the plasma, we have, at first, developed a diagnostic based on the electrical characteristics of the discharge and the plasma. This method allows the determination the average nanoparticles size and concentration trapped in the plasma gas phase. Then, in a second step, we developed a diagnostic based on multi-angle laser light scattering, allowing us to get the size and the average density of the nanoparticles in the plasma, but also their refractive index. We finally focused our interest on the optimization of the plasma-assisted sedimentation of nanoparticles to obtain their size distribution especially for particles having sizes below 10 nm. The correlation of these three diagnostics gives us, so an efficient and reliable diagnostic for the global characterization in terms of size, density and optical properties of nanoparticles trapped in the plasma
Balti, Imen. "Nanohybrides inorganique-organiques à base de ZnO, Zn0,95Ni0,05O,coeur-coquille ZnO@γ-Fe2O3 et de polymères bioactifs : Elaboration,propriétés optiques et magnétiques, cytotoxicité". Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_balti.pdf.
Texto completoZnO, Zn0. 95Ni0. 05O and core@shell ZnO@γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been prepared using forced hydrolysis of acetate metallic salts in a polyol medium and coated with poly(sodium-4- styrenesulfonate) and poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate–co–sodium methacrylate) via surfaceinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The bare nanoparticles display sphericalmorphology with a diameter size laying in the range 20 - 30 nm. The polymer chains weregrown from the surface to yield hybrid nanoparticles with an organic shell of 1 to 3 nm width. The surface modification with polymer did not alter the magnetic and optical properties of bare particles allowing their potential use for biomedical applications. The viability of human endothelial cells was not affected by coated nanoparticles after 48 h of exposition and normal proliferation occurred up to 8 days without alteration of the cell structure. Keywords: nanoparticles, magnetic and optical properties, bioactive Polymer, nonohybrids,cytotoxicity
Barbero, Francesco. "Physicochemical characterization of the evolution of metal nanoparticles in biological and environmental media: from synthesis to interaction with living organisms". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670187.
Texto completoLa creciente producción de nanopartículas (NP) conducirá inevitablemente a un aumento de la exposición humana y ambiental a estos materiales. En consecuencia, han surgido preocupaciones razonables con respecto a sus posibles riesgos de seguridad, dando lugar a la disciplina de nanotoxicología/nanoseguridad. Debido a la alta reactividad, los NP expuestos a diferentes escenarios biológicos y ambientales tienden a alcanzar un estado termodinámico más estable a través de la agregación, la interacción con las moléculas presentes en el medio ambiente, la adsorción a la materia macro-orgánica, las transformaciones químicas y la disolución. Todas estas transformaciones pueden generar una nueva identidad de los nanoobjetos o producir nuevas entidades químicas, cambiando así su comportamiento y, en consecuencia, su riesgo asociado potencial. Por lo tanto, los mismos NP pueden tener un destino totalmente diferente y, en consecuencia, un impacto totalmente diferente en los organismos vivos y el medio ambiente dependiendo del microambiente (por ejemplo, el medio de exposición) en el que se encuentran. Además, las características prístinas del nanomaterial influyen mucho en su destino biológico y medioambiental. Desde esta perspectiva, resulta fundamental comprender las características del objeto final que encontrará organismos vivos y analizar sus propiedades, a fin de correlacionar las características de NP prístinas y finales con los posibles efectos sobre los organismos vivos. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta tesis ha sido el estudio de la transformacion fisicoquímico de NP modelo expuestos a medios biológicos y ambientales. Para estos estudios, se eligieron NPs de Au y Ag, ya que son modelos de NP ampliamente utilizados y debido a sus numerosas aplicaciones. En primer lugar, el estudio se centró en la influencia de la composición de los medios de cultivo celular en el proceso de formación de protein corona, la composición final y el estado de agregación de NP y los efectos consiguientes en la absorción de células NP. También se realizó una caracterización fisicoquímica de la naturaleza de la bicapa CTAB - Au NP para estudiar el impacto de este recubrimiento de superficie NP ampliamente utilizado en la exposición de la partícula a los fluidos biológicos, en la formación de la corona de proteínas y en el diseño e interpretación de Pruebas de toxicidad NP. Finalmente, la evolución de NP en agua dulce natural se exploró mediante la realización de un estudio de la naturaleza de interacción de NP y materia orgánica natural y las características derivadas de NP.
The increasing production of engineered Nanoparticles (NPs) will inevitably lead to an increase of human and environmental exposition to these materials. Consequently reasonable concerns have arisen regarding their potential safety risks, giving rise to the nanotoxicology/nanosafety discipline. Because of the high reactivity, NPs exposed to different biological and environmental scenarios, tend to reach a more stable thermodynamic state via aggregation, interaction with the molecules present in the environment, adsorption to macro-organic matter, chemical transformations and dissolution. All these transformations can generate a new identity of the nano-objects or produce new chemical entities, thereby changing their behaviour and consequently their potential associated risk. Thus, the same NPs can have a totally different fate and consequently a totally different impact on living organisms and the environment depending on the microenvironment (e.g., the exposure medium) in which they are. Furthermore, the pristine features of nano-material highly influence their biological and environmental fate. From this perspective, it becomes fundamental to understand the characteristics of the final object that will encounter living organisms and analyze its properties, in order to correlate the pristine and final NP features with the potential effects on living organisms. In this context, the focus of this thesis has been on the physicochemical transformation of model NPs exposed to biological and environmental media. For these studies, Au and Ag NPs were chosen as they are widely used NP models and because of their numerous applications. Firstly, the study focused on the influence of the cell culture media composition on the protein corona (PC) formation process, final composition and NPs aggregation state and the consequent effects on NP cell uptake. A physicochemical characterization of the nature of the CTAB - Au NP bilayer was also carried out to study the impact of this widely used NP surface coating on the particle’s exposition to biological fluids, on the formation of the protein corona and on the design and interpretation of NP toxicity tests. Finally, the NP evolution in natural fresh water was explored by carrying out a study of the interaction nature of NPs and natural organic matter and the deriving NP features.
Carufel, Nancy. "Optimisation de la réflectivité des miroirs liquides de nanoparticules d'argent par le contrôle de la formation des nanoparticules". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24876/24876.pdf.
Texto completoPelletier, Frédéric. "Synthèse et étude de nanomatériaux hybrides magnétiques à base Fer-Bismuth". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1887/.
Texto completoResearch in the field of nanoscience is focused to a greater and greater degree on the synthesis and study of hybrid nanoparticles combining several inorganic materials in the same particle. The popularity of these new materials is due to the huge potential brought by the combination of different properties within the same object giving access to new properties (synergy) and multifunctional nanoplatforms for fields as diverse as biomedicine, catalysis and electronics. In search of innovative features, we are interested in the synthesis of new hybrid magnetic materials combining iron and bismuth, two metals entirely immiscible in the bulk. Firstly, we used Mössbauer spectroscopy and wavelet transform of the EXAFS signal to study iron (0) nanoparticles synthesized by reduction, via an amine-borane, method, used to obtain the building-blocks needed to design the desired hybrid nanomaterials. Subsequently, we characterized the chemical and structural nature (TEM, WAXS, EXAFS and XANES) and magnetic properties of the hybrid FeBi nanomaterials synthesized by complementary methods: SQUID and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Combining attractive magnetic properties, good resistance to oxidation and the particular physical properties of bismuth, this system is a credible candidate for applications in the biomedical field. Consequently, investigation of the transfer of such nanomaterials in water by means of ligands derived from galactose was conducted
Wandersman, Elie. "Transition vitreuse de nanoparticules magnétiques en interaction". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193960.
Texto completoDjebaili, Takieddine. "Simulations atomistiques des interactions des nanoparticules d'or". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066247.
Texto completoOur study concerns the atomistic simulations of interactions within and between gold nanocrystals (NCs). We first examined the molecular organization of several alkanethiol molecules adsorbed on gold NCs with different size and shape. Thus, for 1 to 10 nm sized NCs, we have shown that unlike cubic shaped NCs which have only one molecular organization, octahedral and icosahedral shaped NCs present two different molecular organizations, one on the edges and the other one in the centers of their facets. Moreover, the surface coverage ratio depends very slightly on the shape and size of the NCs and also on the length of the alkanethiol chain. Nevertheless, thanks to the dense molecular organization of thiols on the NC edges, this coverage ratio remains higher than for flat gold surfaces. We have also developed a theoretical model to estimate the surface coverage for icosahedral shaped NCs larger than 10 nm. It has been shown that for NCs between 10 and 20 nm, the surface coverage predicted by our model is in good agreement with recent experimental data. We also found that it takes NCs bigger than 100 nm to match the surface coverage of flat gold surfaces. Then, the interactions between NCs in organized supracrystalline lattices, called supracrystals, were analyzed. We have shown that these interactions are influenced by the ratio between the length of the alkyl chains and the size of the NCs, in good agreement with the Overlap Cone Model and experimental data. In prospects, solvent consideration could be important for further understanding of gold NCs interactions
Lerond, Thomas. "Etude des interactions nanoparticules métalliques-émetteurs quantiques". Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0030/document.
Texto completoIn an industrial world where one of the most important issues is miniaturization the next step is to master nanometric scale. Optical nanosources, which are based on a strong light confinment, should allow to supply the next nanophotonic devices. Since Purcell demonstrate that light emission properties are not inhérent to optical emitters, scientists search to understand and control these properties. Metallic nanoparticles or nanostructures allow to modify these luminescence properties by changing emission and excitation rates or redirect the emitted light.In this study, we focus on this coupling with simple structures made from nanoparticles and quantum emitters in order to discriminate the effect of this coupling at different distances between metal and emitter. We observe three different processes: a strong quenching of the luminescence at the viscinity of the metal, an enhancement at longer distances, and an excitation enhancement. Then we show that it is possible to use this amplified excitation to obtain multiphoton absorption. Finally, we prospect a new way for future works: using aluminium plasmonic properties in UV to search on UV nanosources
Mongin, Denis. "Spectroscopie ultrarapide de nanoparticules métalliques et hybrides". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10129/document.
Texto completoThe usse of a pump-probe experimental setup allowed the study of different specific physical properties of different types of nano-objects. First, the selective study of an hybrid nanoparticles comosed of a CdS nanostick and a particle directly groxwn on the semiconductor part proved the existence of a transfer between the two part of the hybrid nanoparticle and showed that this phenomenon occurs in less than 15 femtosecondes. The study of optical propertie of gold nanoparticles with an extra charge due to the transfer showed that adding few electrons to a small gold nanoparticles leads to a red shift of the plasmon resonance. Secondly, measurment of the period of fundamental vibration modes of a bilayer nano-object (spheric or elongated) composed of a metallic core and a dielectric or metallic shell lead to information on the relative thickness of the layers and the contact quality between them. LAstly, the study of the characteristic time of electron-phonon interactions in metallic nanoparticles has proven that there are two different methods of measuring this characteristic time, and its investigation for small nanoparticles (less than 250 atoms) leads to the observation of a transition form a "bulk" to a molecular behaviour
Klughertz, Guillaume. "Dynamique d'aimantation ultra-rapide de nanoparticules magnétiques". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE004/document.
Texto completoThe goal of this thesis is to explore analytically and numerically the magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanoparticles. Firstly, we study the Néel dynamics of fixed. We show that one can efficiently control the magnetization reversal of a nanoparticle by using a chirped excitation (autoresonance). This study reveals that the Gilbert damping and the temperature alter the efficiency of the reversal, while dipolar interactions can improve it. The stationary properties of a monolayer of nanoparticles are then examined by computing ZFC curves with a Monte Carlo method. We observe that structural disorder has no effect on the blocking temperature. Finally, we investigate the behavior of an ensemble of interacting nanoparticles moving in a fluid with a molecular dynamics approach. Our numerical simulations reproduce the usual chain and ring-like equilibrium configurations. We then study the dynamics of these structures and show the existence of super-spin waves
Babou, Kammoe Romuald Brice. "Synthèse de nanoparticules de carbonate de calcium". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27760/27760.pdf.
Texto completoBsaibess, Talia. "Nanoparticules organiques ultra-brillantes pour l'imagerie biologique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0055/document.
Texto completoDuring the last decades, luminescent inorganic nanoparticles have attracted a large interest in different fields including biological imaging. However, a number of them have drawbacks such as toxicity and absence of biodegradability. Recently, molecular-based fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) have emerged as a promising alternative to inorganic nanoparticles for bioimaging. The main challenge lies in the elaboration of organic nanoparticles that combine large brightness, good colloidal stability in biological environments) and biocompatibility as well as NIR emission (to allow improved detection in thick tissues). To achieve this objective, we have implemented a molecular engineering strategy based on dedicated polar and polarizable "push pull" chromophore built from a triphenylamine donor moiety and a specific pi-conjugated system. The corresponding nanoparticles were readily prepared by the reprecipitation method. In the present manuscript, the synthesis of the chromophores and the preparation and characterization of the organic fluorescent nanoparticles is described. A comprehensive investigation of their photophysical properties and study of their colloidal stability is presented allowing to derive structure-property relationships. The implemented study led to innovative NIR-emitting nanoparticles combining large brightness (superior to those of QDs and NIR-emitting organic dyes), remarkable colloid stability and suitable photostability. These nanoparticles have been successfully used for single particle tracking and imaging in cells, while no toxic effect was observed
Dahirel, Vincent. "Modélisation multiéchelle de suspensions de nanoparticules chargées". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066629.
Texto completoJurvilliers, Xavier. "Nanoparticules fonctionnalisées pour une vectorisation médicale active". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL085N.
Texto completoThe first part of this work describes the preparation of new organic/inorganic naanohybrids which are intended to be used for the detection and the selective destruction of cancer cells. We describe the synthetic methodology for covalent attachment of folie acid (organic moiety) to gold nanoparticles (inorganic moiety) sized between 5 and 20 mn. Aminothiols spacers were used for the linking of folic acid with gold particles. The second part describes the preparation of size-controlled gold clusters by reduction of gold (+3) bromide with an alkoxide activated hydride. We have demonstrated that an appropriate choice of hydride (NaH or LiH) end / or of the solvent used for the reduction allows either the preparation of 2 nm sized spherical gold clusters or gold nanoprisms (nanowires and polygonal shapes)
Ferré, Giménez Ricardo. "Etude de nanoparticules magnétiques par simulation numérique". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10224.
Texto completoMiladi, Imen. "Étude de l'effet radiosensibilisant de nanoparticules théranostiques". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10096.
Texto completoCancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. With surgery, radiation therapy is an essential to cure tumors. Radiotherapy consists in using the properties of ionizing radiations to induce cancer cell death. However, because of the radioresistance of some tumors, requiring unacceptable dose delivered to surrounding healthy tissue, many developments are underway to limit the dose and increase the radiosensitivity of radio-resistant tumors. Among the proposed strategies, the use of inorganic theranostic nanoparticles opens very interesting perspectives since it should be possible to target sufficient nanoparticles into the tumor of interest following an intravenous injection. In the Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents, chemists have developed inorganic nanoparticles with diameters below 5 nm, allowing their intravenous injection and urinary excretion. Our thesis has focused on the preclinical validation of two types of nanoparticles (1- based on gadolinium oxide, 2- based on gold) as radiosensitizing agents to increase the effect of external beam X-ray radiation on various types of radioresistant tumors : gliosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and osteosarcoma. The results for both gadolinium oxide nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles are very promising and open the way for potential applications for imaging-guided therapy
Bignon, Cécile. "Nanoparticules en réseau pour la protection cutanée". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4084/document.
Texto completoChemical warfare agents and pesticides are toxic molecules causing temporary incapacitation or permanent harms leading to the death of people. One of the major routes of contamination is the percutaneous penetration. Skin protection is important to prevent these dangers. The aim of this thesis is to develop new active topical skin protectants based on nanoparticular networks containing fluorinated HASE polymers grafting with silica, cerium or titanium nanoparticles. First, polymers were synthesized in larger quantity and their wettability properties improved. Toxicological studies have showed that these compounds are non-irritant and non-toxic for the environment. The formulation of these polymers has led to the elaboration of two new barrier creams against paraoxon penetration whose efficiency is dependent on the presence of nanoparticles. Therefore, the grafting of nanoparticles to fluorinated HASE polymer and their formulation have enabled the development of new active topical skin protectant. Efficiency evaluation was done using artificial membranes and was confirmed on ex vivo human skin. The limited availability of human skin explants has motivated the development of a new efficiency model using reconstructed human epidermis
Duan, Haohao. "Polymères à activités biologiques : nanoparticules et multivalence". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0114.
Texto completoNanoparticles based on hyaluronic acid (HA) are widely used in pharmaceutics. They can target the tumor by the interaction with CD44, a biological receptor overexpressed in some cancer cells. In this project, we investigate the potential applications of these nanoparticles in cosmetics, since HA is also an important ingredient for the skin hydration and renewing. Block copolymers based on polypeptides and polysaccharides were synthesized using a combination of ring opening polymerization and “click chemistry”. The nanoparticles were formed by the self-assembly of these block copolymers using a nanoprecipitation process, and their size and morphology were controlled by the experimental conditions. The interaction between nanoparticles and CD44 were measured by surface plasmon resonance(SPR). Compared to free hyaluronic acid chains in solution, the HA-based nanoparticles could interact more efficiently with CD44, thus demonstrating a multivalent effect. The enzymatic degradation of these HA nanoparticles was then evaluated with twohyaluronidases: HYAL1 and SPAM-1. The digestion of the HA nanoparticles was significantly slower than that of free hyaluronic acid. Surprisingly, these HA nanoparticles could even inhibit the activity of the enzyme HYAL1 and protect free HA chains in the solution. Finally, lipopeptide-based ligands of the biological receptor TLR2 were also synthesized and their performances were evaluated by SPR