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Literatura académica sobre el tema "National Association of Social Workers"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 2 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "National Association of Social Workers"

Policansky, Sandy. "Australian Association of Social Workers 22nd National Conference". Australian Social Work 44, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1991): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03124079108550157.

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POPOVA, A. S. "РОЛЬ ПРОФЕСІЙНИХ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ У СИСТЕМІ ФАХОВОГО РОЗВИТКУ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ: ДОСВІД КАНАДИ". Scientific papers of Berdiansk State Pedagogical University Series Pedagogical sciences 2, n.º 2 (4 de octubre de 2021): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31494/2412-9208-2021-1-2-50-62.

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The article reveals the role of social work professional organizations in the system of social workers professional development according to the Canadian experience. The activities of social work international organizations such as the International Federation of Social Workers and the International Association of Schools of Social Work - are studied. The organizational structure of professional organizations in the field of social work in Canada is defined, they include professional (national, territorial) and educational ones. The content and activities of national organizations in the field of social work, including the Canadian Association of Social Workers, the Canadian Board of Social Work Regulators and territorial organizations such as Alberta College of Social Workers, BC Association of Social Workers, the Manitoba College of Social Workers, the New Brunswick Association of Social Workers, New Foundland and Labrador Association of Social Workers, the Nova Scotia Social Workers 'Association, the Ontario Association of Social Workers, the Quebec Social Workers 'Order, the Saskatchewan Association of Social Workers, and their relationship with educational professional organizations. It is determined that the main tasks of social work professional organizations are to serve the interests of the public, raising the prestige of the profession and representing the interests of its members, providing support for training in social services, conducting research in social work, providing opportunities for professional growth of its members, dissemination of information for professionals in the field of social work. It is established that professional organizations in the field of social work in Canada are recognized to be a tool for achieving social justice by establishing the status of the «social worker» profession through compliance with high standards of professional activity quality and a mandatory system of professional development. Key words: social work, social worker, professional organization, professional development, Canada.

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Jongman, Kgomotso. "Participation in Botswana: A Case Study of Botswana National Association of Social Workers (BoNASW)". Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 5, n.º 2 (26 de mayo de 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v5i2.746.

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Professional participation in Botswana has been lagging behind since the conception of the social workers association in the past 20 years. Participation in the professional body of social workers have been has a headache for the leaders of the national association. The numbers of social workers attending social work events such as the social workers day, leadership forum and the annual general meetings have been going down over the past 10 years since the official launching of the national association. This unfortunately is not only peculiar to social work, but it seems it worse among social workers. This has left those who are in leadership of the profession with many questions. The most important Questions that have been asked have been; what’s wrong with the social work profession where the participation in the professional bodies has been below par? Is it the problem of social workers only in Botswana or there is apathy all over? This paper has combined the shared information, experience from the author as the president of the association for 6 years, being the advisor for 4 year and now just an ordinary member but holds a position of International Federation of Social workers Human Rights commissioner in Africa. The paper also tries to look at the literature on participation in general.

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Fan, Gilbert y Joan Nee Wey Khng. "The futures of the Singapore association of social workers: an analysis using CLA and the “Futures Triangle”". Foresight 16, n.º 4 (5 de agosto de 2014): 329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-05-2013-0022.

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Purpose – This paper aims to study the future of the Singapore association of social workers using causal layered analysis (CLA) and the Futures Triangle. In today’s rapidly changing world, professional associations have to re-evaluate their roles to remain relevant. This paper presents an analysis of findings from a study on the level of alliance of social workers with their professional association. By critically examining underlying issues beneath common beliefs held by social workers that impede, promote or sustain change with their professional association, we can gain a deeper understanding into their level of alliance with their association. Insights toward current issues faced by the association as well as its alternative and preferred futures could be illuminated. Design/methodology/approach – Inayatullah’s “Futures Triangle” was used to deepen the findings of the study on the level of alliance of social workers with their professional association from the lens of CLA (Inayatullah, 2004). The study employed interviews with 27 social workers in Singapore, selected through purposive sampling. Findings – Alternative scenarios and preferred futures of the Singapore Association of Social Workers (SASW) that were postulated from the interviews reinforce a need for more targeted recruitment campaigns. It also calls for regionalization and globalization of SASW to maximize its potentials. Originality/value – The paper suggests how a social work association might be able to reposition its role in relation to its stakeholders to promote and sustain itself. SASW could do so through positioning itself as the “National Geographic” beacon for social workers in Singapore to reach out to the world.

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Richardson, Sonyia C., John A. Williams y Chance W. Lewis. "Social Workers and Urban School Discipline: Do We Need a Time-Out?" Urban Social Work 3, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2019): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2474-8684.3.2.207.

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BackgroundSchool social workers are crucial in recommending alternative disciplinary practices to prevent suspensions and expulsions in schools (Cameron & Sheppard, 2006; National Association of Social Workers, 2013), particularly in urban school districts, which experience higher rates of discipline disproportionality between students of color and White students (Barrett, McEachin, Mills, & Valant, 2017).Objective/MethodsGrounded in an ecological systems perspective, the purpose of the study is to determine if the presence of a social worker predicts school suspensions by race and gender in an urban school district.FindingsKey findings show that the presence of school social workers has a negative relationship with school suspensions for students of color.ConclusionWe advocate for an increase in social worker representation in urban schools and strategic practices to address school discipline.

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Carney, Jack. "Where Are the Social Workers? One Social Worker’s Road to Active Opposition to the New DSM". Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 16, n.º 1 (2014): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1559-4343.16.1.63.

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This article consists of a topical/historical compilation of events surrounding the protests that stalked the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) prior to and since its publication in May 2013, including a national boycott launched in February of this year. To summarize, the new DSM has been challenged for its lack of construct validity and its poor interrater reliability; for its reliance on the biomedical model to explain causality, to the exclusion of environmental and psychosocial factors; for its medicalization of the disorders it proposes to include in the new DSM and its consequent reliance on psychoactive medications for treatment of these disorders, again to the virtual exclusion of other largely psychosocial treatment interventions; and, ultimately, for its continued pathologization of human behaviors ordinarily considered normative. This article concludes by questioning the hegemonic role assumed by psychiatry in determining the categorization of disordered behaviors with no input from other professions and mental health system stakeholders. Social workers and the organizations that represent them, particularly the National Association of Social Workers, are also challenged for their continued passive acceptance of a very flawed DSM.

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Meehan, Patrick, Jason Ostrander y Shannon R. Lane. "Who Is a Social Worker?" Advances in Social Work 22, n.º 1 (14 de junio de 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/25650.

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Defining social workers for the purposes of research is not as straightforward as it sounds. To date, researchers who have examined social workers as a group have used a variety of sampling methods. Multiple methods speak to the variety of options for defining social workers. Understanding membership within the profession is a precondition to understanding research about the behavior of those within the profession. This research note explores these sampling methods in detail. Each has its advantages, but none are without their own disadvantages, some of which bias their view of the profession. As researchers who have considered the political behavior of social workers, we consider six methods for sampling social workers that have been used to understand their behavior in this specific domain. Importantly, the sampling methods examined here can be applied to research about social workers outside of politics. These include sampling (1) members of professional organizations, (2) licensed social workers, (3) social work students, (4) graduates of social work programs, (5) social work faculty, and (6) members of social work-related occupations. After reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of each, we provide scholars a table for reference. The authors recommend that the Council on Social Work Education, National Association of Social Workers, and several other professional associations pull together members to explore a unified definition of social work through integrated practice and refrain from focusing on what makes us different.

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Newhill, Christina E. "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Client Violence toward Social Workers". Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 77, n.º 8 (octubre de 1996): 488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.958.

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The author reports findings from a random survey of National Association of Social Workers members from two states examining the prevalence, nature, and risk factors of client violence toward social workers. A majority of persons surveyed experienced client violence, with gender and setting as significant variables in determining risk. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.

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Smith Brice, Tanya. "Reconciliation Reconsidered: Advancing the National Conversation on Race among Christian Social Workers". Social Work & Christianity 46, n.º 2 (20 de abril de 2019): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34043/swc.v46i2.74.

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This paper is based upon a keynote address that was given by the author for the Alan Keith-Lucas Lecture at the 2017 North American Association of Christians in Social Work Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina. The theme of this convention was Advocating for Peace, Justice and Reconciliation. The author entitled her talk, “Reconciliation Reconsidered: A conversation about race among Christian social workers.” This compelling conversation challenges Christian social workers to examine the role they may be taking in reconciling the racial, social, gender, and economic injustice that exists within their communities. The author also conducts a historical survey of the works of Alan-Keith Lucas and discusses Lucas’ views about the role that Christian social workers should take in reconciling racial injustice.

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Wango, Nyagwegwe Chaulo, Tatu Mtwangi Limbumba, Colman T. Msoka y Wilbard Kombe. "The Engagement of Informal Social Organisations in Social Security Mobilisation in Tanzania". International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 5, n.º 7 (19 de julio de 2022): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i7.403.

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Formal social security is helpful to the general population, especially during a post-retirement time and when they have been affected in ways that make them unable to work due to medical or physical conditions. About 95 per cent of the people working in the informal economy are not members of the social National Social Security Fund (NSSF). Some of them have formulated social organisations that are offering informal social services. The central argument of this paper is that can we use these informally arranged social security organisations can be used by the relevant authorities to mobilise people to join formal social security schemes. The study uses the private saving theory to answer this question. Through qualitative interviews, data were collected from 14 members, including the bodaboda association, food vending network, and fisheries group, to find the possibility of mobilising social security schemes through these social organisations. Findings show that the national social security fund can cover most informal actors to reach the casual workers through their existing informal groups such as the bodaboda association, food vending network, and fishing saving groups. Since the informal actors have shown significant dependency on and trust their associations, networks, and groups, it would be easy for NSSF and the likes to cover this sector for easy contribution to these reliable social security schemes. It is, thus, recommended that informal economy actors continue to use associations for their income protection; yet, through these organisations, link up with the more reliable national social security funds such as NSSF when arrangements are made for them.

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Tesis sobre el tema "National Association of Social Workers"

Weinreich, Heidi Marie. "Burnout among National Association of Social Workers Healthcare Social Workers". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/611.

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Burnout is a common occurrence for many healthcare social workers, though little academic literature addresses the impacts of the organizational environment on burnout among healthcare social workers. The purpose of this correlational study was to evaluate what organizational factors predict burnout in the healthcare environment while considering sociodemographic and organizational factors. An adaptation of Maslach's multidimensional theory of burnout served as the framework for this study. Surveys were distributed to members of the National Association of Social Workers who are employed in healthcare environments, resulting in a sample size of 237 useable responses. A multiple linear regression statistical analysis indicated that workload, reward, values, and level of care predicted emotional exhaustion, and therefore the potential for burnout (p < .001). Findings were consistent with the theoretical framework employed. Policy implications include the need for healthcare environments to develop standard operating procedures to address organizational barriers for social workers that contribute to social workers burnout. Implications for social change include an identified need to address burnout through healthcare organizations, professional associations, and academia using education, intervention, and policy.

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Fitts, Vicki L. "Ohio social workers an examination of work-related needs, job satisfaction and membership in the National Association of Social Workers. What factors are associated with anticipated tenure in the profession? /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1158698725.

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Kanard, M. Elizabeth. "Weighing in : an analysis of the NASW's web-based content regarding theoretical issues and practice recommendations for social workers working with overweight and obese individuals : a project based upon an independent investigation /". View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/5903.

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Zavala-Arias, Monica. "Child welfare workers' attitudes toward culturally diverse consumers". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2595.

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The purpose of this study is to examine child welfare workers' attitudes towards culturally diverse consumers. Social workers from four local foster family agencies were asked to complete a voluntary and anonymous questionaire. The survey also consisted of filling out the Multicultural Counseling Inventory (MCI) which, consisted of forty Likert type questions. The MCI served as an instrument scale to measure the workers' multicultural competencies.

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Broderick, Jane Tingle y Seong Bock Hong. "Inquiry-based Early Childhood Curriculum Development: Using Materials to Facilitate Representation, National Association for the Education of Young Children". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4221.

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Waldman, Brian Scott. "The utilization of eye movement desensitization reprocessing as a therapeutic tool". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1993.

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Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, EMDR, is a new clinical treatment shown to be effective for victims of trauma. EMDR is a time efficient, comprehensive methodology backed by positive, controlled research, for the treatment of disturbing experiences that underlie many pathologies. An eight phase treatment approach that includes using eye movements or other left-right stimulation, EMDR helps victims of trauma reprocess disturbing thoughts and memories. The purpose of this research project was to describe and explore the utilization of EMDR by licensed clinical social workers who were registered as members of the National Association of Social Workers.

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Malekzadeh, Setareh y Bahram Nouraei. "Den Svenska Folkrörelsekulturen : En deskriptiv studie om folkrörelsers organisationskultur under påverkan av kulturpolitiken". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-34682.

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Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga organisationskultur inom folkrörelseorganisationer samt att undersöka dess eventuella förändringar under påverkan av kulturpolitiken. Denna studie tillämpar Geert Hofstedes teorier som behandlar olika nivåer och dimensioner av organisationskultur. Studien behandlar värderingar, ritualer, hjältar och symboler inom varje organisation i fråga i ett sammanhang av organisatoriska praktiker som meningsbärande kulturella uttryck. Studien har genomförts med ett kvalitativt angreppssätt där semistrukturerade intervjuer utförts med hjälp av ett bekvämlighetsrvalsstrategi. Datainsamlingen har genomförts genom personliga intervjuer med fyra medarbetare på två folkrörelseorganisationer i Stockholm d.v.s. ABF och Riksteatern. De valda Organisationerna är verksamma inom olika verksamhetsområde och respondenterna har jobbat i varierande positioner och har fleråriga arbetserfarenheter. Intervjuerna spelades in efter beviljat tillstånd och säkerställandet av respondenternas anonymitet. En innehållsanalys genomfördes efter transkribering av inspelat material i form av citat och egna tolkningar. Studien behandlar också en del sekundärdata i form av historisk information om folkrörelsernas samhälleliga rötter och utvecklingsprocess. Studien visar en ständigt pågående omorganiseringsprocess inom folkrörelseorganisationer vilket orsakat signifikanta förändringar inom folkrörelsernas organisationskultur. Konflikten mellan folkrörelsernas ideella logiker och kulturpolitikens kvalitetslogik uppträder i organisationskulturen på olika sätt. ABF:s kärnvärderingar nämligen hjälpsamhet, jämlikhet och högt arbetsengagemang anses vara mindre aktuella idag. Hjälpsamhet och jämlikhet ligger också till grund för Riksteaterns demokratiseringsverksamhet och anses fortfarande vara aktuella i organisationen. När det gäller ABF har vi funnit att organisationen har utvecklat en professionell och icke-normativ organisationskultur med stränga kontrollmekanismer och stor fokus på arbetsutförande och processansvar i ett slut organisationssystem. Stränga kontrollmekanismer anses vara ett resultat av kulturpolitikens krav på ökad internkontroll och kvalitetssäkring. Studien visar att Riksteatern har utvecklat en komplex mångsidig organisationskultur som finns i två sammanhängande lager. En lokal, personalinriktad och normativ arbetskrets som omger sig med professionella, resultatinriktade och pragmatiska medarbetare. Detta leder till en normativ organisationskultur som erbjuder pragmatiska lösningar i syfte att kunna leva upp till kulturdepartementets krav på hög kvalitet, resurseffektivitet och antalet besökare. Det finns en tendens mot professionalism och pragmatism inom båda organisationerna. Detta kan bero på att båda organisationerna är ekonomiskt beroende av statliga bidrag och därför ska leva upp till kulturpolitikens kvalitetskrav. Detta ledde också till svagt normativt engagemang och ett slags samhällelig passivitet. Vi har också funnit att betoningen på kvantitativ utvärdering inte är en fungerande strategi för utvärdering av ideell kulturverksamhet. Istället har detta orsakat paradoxala uppdrag och identitetsförvirring inom organisationerna enligt våra respondenter.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic description of the organizational culture in social movement organizations in Sweden and also to investigate its possible changes under the impact of cultural policy. The following study has been done using Geert Hofstede’s theories on different levels and dimensions of organizational culture. The study explores the organizational values, rituals, heroes and symbols in the context of organizational practices to be examined as meaningful cultural representations. This study has been done based on qualitative research method using semi-structured interviews and convenience sampling strategy for data collection. The data has been collected through personal interviews with four employees from two social movement organizations in Stockholm and from different areas of practice; The Swedish National Touring Theatre (Riksteatern) and The Workers’ Educational Association (ABF). The respondents have been working in variety of positions and have many years of experience. The interviews have been recorded as audio files after granting permission and ensuring the respondents’ anonymity to be preserved. A content analysis has been done following the transcription of the recorded material in the form of quotes and interpretations. Secondary data has been also used in the form of historical information regarding the origins of Swedish social movements and their development process. Our study shows that there is a constantly ongoing reorganization process in the Swedish social movements which has caused significant changes in the social movements’ organizational culture. The conflict between the logic of the social movements and the quality-oriented logic of the Swedish cultural policy emerges in the organizational culture in different ways. ABF’s core values such as benevolence, equality and high work engagement are considered to be less relevant in the current organizational culture. Benevolence and equality are also the core values of Riksteatern and are still considered to be relevant in the current organizational culture. When it comes to ABF, we have found that the organization has developed a professional and pragmatic organizational culture with strict control mechanisms and huge focus on task performance and processes in a closed-system organization. The strict control mechanisms are considered to be the result of the Swedish cultural policy’s requirements regarding internal control and quality assurance. The study shows that Riksteatern has developed a complex multidimensional organizational culture which exists in two interrelated layers. A local, employee-oriented and normative work circle surrounded by professional, result-oriented and pragmatic coworkers. This leads to a normative organizational culture which offers pragmatic solutions in order to be able to meet the ministry of culture’s requirements regarding high quality, resource efficiency and visitor numbers. There’s a tendency towards professionalism and pragmatism in both organizations. This might depend on the fact that both organizations are economically dependent to public funds and therefore are required to meet the cultural policy’s quality requirements. This leads also to a low normative engagement and societal passivity. We have also found that the emphasis on the quantitative evaluation ad revision is not an effective strategy to evaluate nonprofit cultural organization. Instead, this strategy has caused paradoxical missions and confusion regarding organizational identity, according to our respondents.

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Gregory, Virgil L. "Gregory research beliefs scale psychometric properties /". Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1891.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2009.
Title from screen (viewed on August 27, 2009). School of Social Work, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Cathy Pike, Hea-Won Kim, Margaret Adamek, Drew Appleby. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 317-330).

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Kay, Elora Marie. "Social Facilitation in National Basketball Association Teams". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10193.

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Although social facilitation has been extensively studied over the last 50 years in various domains, it has largely been understudied in the context of team sports. A total of 8950 National Basketball Association (NBA) games were investigated to assess how a team’s skill level and experience interact with audience size to predict performance. More specifically, audience size was measured in two ways: as the number of people in attendance at each game and whether the game was locally televised (fewer television viewers) or nationally televised (more television viewers). Contrary to expectations, underdog teams performed significantly better with larger audiences, an effect not found for their favoured counterparts. Also contrary to expectations, teams less experienced than their opponents performed significantly better in nationally televised games than in locally televised games. This effect was not found for more experienced teams. Additionally, no teams experienced a decrease in performance. These results add important findings to the information regarding sports and social facilitation and provide insight into team selection for high stakes games. They also enhance the sporting literature base which is considerably lacking in its assessment of social facilitation effects.

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Padyab, Mojgan. "Client violence toward Iranian social workers : A national study". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-50745.

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Introduction Client violence toward social workers has become recognized as a common problem, and major concern has been raised with regard to its impacts on the workers’ practice, and physical and psychological health. More than half a century has passed since the social work profession was established in Iran, and yet client violence and the associated health-related consequences remain unexplored. This thesis aims to address this gap in knowledge. Methods A national survey was conducted involving 390 social workers from the Centres for Socially Injured People (CSIP), affiliated to the Social Affairs Department of the State Welfare Organization, Iran. The survey included self-administered questionnaires, namely, the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector questionnaire, the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), the Ways of Coping questionnaire, the Burnout Measure, and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. Results A high proportion of CSIP social workers (67%) have experienced violence. Psychological violence was about three times more common than physical violence. A high tendency of not reporting psychological violence to managers/supervisors was found. Psychological violence was associated with poorer mental health. Social workers with experience of psychological violence were found to be more worried about occurrences of violent events. Worrying about violence was significantly correlated with poorer mental health. Active coping had a direct effect on health, suggesting a poorer health status with more frequent use of active coping. Burnout was experienced by 10.9% of social workers, and 17.4% were found to be at risk of developing burnout symptoms. Low self-esteem and experience of violence were associated with burnout. Conclusion The results suggest the importance of not neglecting cases of client violence and of putting the health and safety of social workers on top of the agenda. A victimized social worker with limited resources at work needs to note that coping skills may reduce the impact of stressors, not only by changing the stressors themselves, but also by changing how the social worker responds to them.

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Libros sobre el tema "National Association of Social Workers"

National Association of Social Workers. Code of ethics of the National Association of Social Workers. [Washington, D.C: The Association, 1999.

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Social work speaks: National Association of Social Workers policy statements, 2006-2009. 7^a ed. Washington, DC: NASW Press, 2006.

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Social work speaks: National Association of Social Workers policy statements, 2012-2014. 9^a ed. Washington, D.C: NASW Press, 2012.

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P, Wheeler Darrell y McClain Angelo, eds. Social work speaks: National Association of Social Workers policy statements, 2015-2017. Washington, D.C: NASW Press, 2015.

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Workers, National Association of Social. NASW chapter guide for the adjudication of grievances: A supplement to NASW procedures for the adjudication of grievances. Silver Spring, MD: National Association of Social Workers, 1991.

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Workers, National Association of Social. NASW procedures for the adjudication of grievances. 3^a ed. Washington, DC: National Association of Social Workers, 1994.

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National Association of Social Workers. NASW chapter guide for the adjudication of grievances: A supplement to NASW procedures for the adjudication of grievances. Silver Spring, MD: National Association of Social Workers, 1989.

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Workers, National Association of Social. NASW procedures for professional review. 5^a ed. Washington, DC: National Association of Social Workers, 2012.

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Reamer, Frederic G. Ethical standards in social work: A review of the NASW code of ethics. Washington, DC: NASW Press, 1998.

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National Association of Social Workers. Program Advancement Fund., ed. Chapter action guide: Outreach to the minority professional : enhancing minority participation and representation. Silver Spring, Md. (7981 Eastern Ave., Silver Spring 20910): NASW, 1985.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "National Association of Social Workers"

Bonecutter, Faith Johnson. "National Association of Social Workers (NASW)". En Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy, 2011–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49425-8_612.

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Bonecutter, Faith Johnson. "National Association of Social Workers (NASW)". En Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_612-1.

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Turner, Francis. "Interpreters and social workers". En American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series, 122. Binghamton: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ata.iv.22tur.

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Lawson, Tom R., Anna C. Faul y A. N. Verbist. "Measures of Association/Correlation". En Research and Statistics for Social Workers, 495–537. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315640495-20.

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Leblanc, Richard. "National Association of Corporate Directors (USA)". En Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility, 1733–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_162.

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Donnison, David, Valerie Chapman, Michael Meacher, Angela Sears y Kenneth Urwin. "Consultation Among Social Workers in the Family Welfare Association". En Social Policy and Administration Revisited, 193–220. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003196006-9.

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Albuquerque, Paula C. y Elsa Fontainha. "Social Exclusion in Later Life, Evidence from the European Social Survey". En Older Workers and Labour Market Exclusion Processes, 191–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11272-0_11.

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AbstractSocial Exclusion (SE) is a multidimensional concept, broader than just poverty or economic exclusion, that aims at expressing to what extent people have the opportunity to participate in society.We analyse how SE evolved for a certain birth cohort (respondents born between 1945 and 1953) along time, to gain a life-course perspective, and for the same age group in two different periods, to study how the situation of individuals in later life stages has changed from one period to the other. Our paper explores the recently updated data from the European Social Survey (ESS, Round 9 – 2018), combined with data from Round 1 – 2002, to obtain an insight into the evolution of SE among the older population in 15 European countries, by producing measures of SE including different domains (Social Relations, Civic Participation, Neighbourhood and Community and Health and Well-being). The same birth cohort (respondents born between 1945 and 1953) is analysed in 2002 and in 2018. We investigate the association of SE with the type of participation in the labour market, which, according to the rules developed by the welfare state institutions, is expected to change for that cohort, between the two periods. And, indeed, we find evidence of such association. Differences between the situation of men and women are highlighted, with higher levels of SE experienced by women in most domains.

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Torm, Nina. "The relationship between association membership and access to formal social protection". En Social Protection and Informal Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa, 48–70. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003173694-3.

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Wilkinson, Geoffrey W., Ashley Wennerstrom, Naomi Cottoms, Katherine Sutkowi y Carl H. Rush. "Uniting the Workforce: Building Capacity for a National Association of Community Health Workers". En Promoting the Health of the Community, 393–408. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56375-2_15.

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Liu, Tao y Tobias ten Brink. "Social Protection for Migrant Workers in China". En International Impacts on Social Policy, 489–500. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_38.

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AbstractOne cornerstone of the economic miracle China experienced after 1978 was domestic migrant labour. Through the incremental liberalisation of migration control, rural residents had been allowed to move to urban coastal areas. This chapter is centred on the issue of social protection for migrant workers. First, we look at the origins of the problem, which lie in the household registration system. Second, we describe how during the first phase of economic reform, migrant workers were precluded from participating in urban welfare, and were inadequately protected by rudimentary rural welfare. Third, we then show how, under national and international pressure to alleviate the situation for migrant workers, social protection for this group has been expanded to a certain degree.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "National Association of Social Workers"

Fauzi, Harry, Diah Ayu Puspandari y Ambar Widaningrum. "Partnership Analysis of National Health Insurance Pooling Mechanism Among Informal Workers in Banyumas Regency". En Indonesian Health Economics Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007023400460050.

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Zamuli, Habibi, Retna Siwi Padmawati y Diah Ayu Puspandari. "Causal Factors Analysis of National Health Insurances Unpaid Premium by Informal Workers in Baubau City". En Indonesian Health Economics Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007024200820087.

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Rahmawan, I. Komang Peri Sukma, Putu Ayu Indrayathi y Pande Putu Januraga. "Willingness Survey of the Informal Workers in Bangli Regency about National Health Insurance (JKN) Program". En Indonesian Health Economics Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007029603190324.

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"Ethnic Group Identity and Capacity Construction of National Social Workers". En 2017 International Conference on Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities. Francis Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/ssah.2017.12.

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Kuroda, Reiko, Kenya Yamamoto y Yasushi Okubo. "1430 Association between social jetlag and obesity among male factory workers in japan". En 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1390.

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Alexeyev, A., Z. Zharylkassyn y Y. Otarov. "CRITERIA FOR SOCIAL EFFICIENCY OF MANAGEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL RISK IN CHRYSOTILE INDUSTRY". En The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-16-20.

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Abstract: The study was carried out in the areas of studying the criteria of the social efficiency of occupational risk management by: assessing the general and occupational morbidity of workers, researching the quality of life, analyzing the social and hygienic factors of health and assessing the social protection of workers. It was found that the highest incidence rates were found in a group of workers with up to 9 years of experience, which amounted to 42.3 cases, 537.8 days of disability. When managing occupational risk in production for a five-year period, a tendency was determined to reduce the incidence of workers in sick persons by 6.1%, in cases by 4%, in days by 8.2% per 100 year-round workers. When assessing the quality of life of workers, it was found that the values of indicators on the scale "Vital activity" among employees significantly increase with increasing experience, and according to the scale "Mental health" of the psychological component of the quality of life, workers with experience of 0-9 years have significantly higher values compared to the rest of the senior groups. In the study of the criteria of social and hygienic factors of health and social protection of workers, a tendency was established to reduce the subjective assessment of their health by workers with an increase in age and work experience. So social efficiency in terms of subjective assessment of their health workers increased in all seniority and age groups. The greatest growth in the subjective assessment of their health was found among workers aged 30-39 - by 8% (0.4 points on the scale). Thus, the social effect of occupational risk management at chrysotile production is determined in a decrease in the incidence of sickness with temporary disability of employees and in an increase in the criteria for subjective assessments of their health by employees of the enterprise.

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Muradas Reis, Daniela y Pedro Augusto Gravatá Nicoli. "The question of irregular migrant workers between a rights based international approach and national regulation". En XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws110_05.

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Agustini, Ni, Yayi Prabandari y Wenny Nisman. "Social Competence of Peer Counsellors: Descriptive Study on Youth Community in Bali". En The 1st International Conference of Indonesian National Nurses Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008199800240030.

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Suhadi, Alimin Maidin, Sukri Palutturi y Esti Astuti. "The Effectiveness of National Health Insurance Membership Services at Social Security Agency Office in South-East Sulawesi Province". En Indonesian Health Economics Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007029303030309.

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Kabang, Luciana, Herni Susanti y Kurniawan. "Correlation between Social Support and Depression: A Study with Adolescents in a Rural City in Indonesia". En The 1st International Conference of Indonesian National Nurses Association. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008206801630170.

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Informes sobre el tema "National Association of Social Workers"

Brewer, Gale. Oregon Chapter, National Association of Social Workers : membership study. Portland State University Library, enero de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2817.

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Bosch, Mariano, Stephanie González y María Teresa Silva Porto. Chasing Informality: Evidence from Increasing Enforcement in Large Firms in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, marzo de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003128.

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Evasion of labor market regulations in middle income countries is systemic. This is generally known as informality. In Latin America, where less than 50% of workers are registered with social security, this is a permanent phenomenon and encompasses a variety of economic realities ranging from subsistence self-employment to evasion of certain regulations including social security contributions. In this study we analyze the role of enforcement in curbing informality in large formal firms in Peru, where informality levels are around 70%. Through the Peruvian National Labor Control Superintendence (SUNAFIL) we randomly sent 697 letters to formal Peruvian firms of more than 50 workers, indicating their obligation to enroll workers in social insurance systems (health and pensions). Two types of letters were sent, one with a deterrence message and one emphasizing the benefits of formalization. One year after the letters were sent, we found a positive and statistically significant effect on the number of workers enrolled in social security (9.8% on average). Only strict deterrence messages had a significant impact, and only in very large firms. This evidence suggests that there is room for improvement in compliance with labor regulations through more proactive monitoring and behavioral tools such as reminders, but effects could be concentrated in the largest firms.

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Ahmed AlGarf, Yasmine. Harnessing the Power of the Collective: The Women’s Handicrafts Production Cooperative in Aswan, Egypt. Oxfam IBIS, agosto de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7857.

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The Women’s Handicrafts Production Cooperative is a success story that has transformed the lives of its members, who had been finding it hard to obtain employment. They are now focused on creating their own enterprise. Started in 2018, today the cooperative’s membership has expanded tenfold and created employment opportunities by using the principles of social solidarity economy and collective business models. The Youth Participation and Employment (YPE) project in Egypt, developed in partnership with the Better Life Association for Community Development (BLACD), provided technical training to the cooperative in handicrafts production, as well as life skills training, to empower the workers to continue despite all the societal pressure for them to give up. Assistance from BLACD came in when it was needed. Particularly during the COVID-19 crisis, with the tourism market shut down, BLACD has provided crucial technical advice and support, supporting the cooperative to brainstorm and identify several parallel income-generating activities. This case study contains some testimonies from members of the cooperative on how their collective strength was harnessed to create employment and income.

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Do, Thao y Eric Kasper. The Impact of Covid-19 Response Policies on Select Vulnerable Groups in Vietnam. Institute of Development Studies, mayo de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.038.

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Despite the significant impact of the pandemic’s fourth wave, Vietnam’s overall strategy was seen as well planned with one of the lowest infection rates globally in 2020–2021. In June 2019, an estimated 540,000 Vietnamese migrant workers were recorded working legally in 40 countries and territories, making Vietnam a major labour exporter and one of the top ten countries to receive international remittances. Our research shows how Vietnam’s Covid-19 policy response has influenced Vietnamese migrant workers and counter-trafficking work, particularly in border areas. The research discussed four main findings. Firstly, border closures left many overseas migrant workers vulnerable and led them to rely on people smugglers. Secondly, the suspension of commercial international flights and a lack of transparency and favouritism in allocating seats on repatriation flights left many stranded. Thirdly, the national pandemic response plan suffered from limitations. Lastly, Covid-19 policies have led to new trafficking trends and challenges. Based on this evidence, the research suggests that digitalising and modernising social services could strengthen the inclusion of vulnerable groups, simplify the administrative and management process, save costs, and reduce corruption. Participation of vulnerable groups, especially ethnic minorities and overseas migrant workers, including fishers, should be ensured in national policy design and local implementation. Additionally, improving transparency and accountability of support systems could help gain citizens’ trust in the government, which would be beneficial for future crisis responses.

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O’Reilly, Jacqueline y Rachel Verdin. Measuring the size, characteristics and consequences of digital work. Digital Futures at Work Research Centre, febrero de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/whfq8202.

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This working paper provides a summary assessment of the existing literature and data on digital forms of employment internationally. It illustrates the variability in how it is defined, how it is growing and what kind of risks are associated with these developments. Evaluation of these types of jobs is divided. On one hand, optimists point to the attractions and relative ease in finding employment on digital platforms; on the other hand, more critical perspectives argue that these employment contracts can result in exclusion from social protection systems. The evidence indicates that while overall a relatively small proportion of all employment digital work is growing, both on platforms as well as adoption amongst more traditional companies. The characteristics of digital workers can vary by region and occupation. Overall, they tend to be predominantly younger and more likely male, with a growing number of women albeit in particular occupations. Skills and earnings levels vary but the key issues of disputes is around pay, conditions and employment status. The consequences of this form of work for those with lower skilled digital employment can undermine their social citizenship: they lack comparable employment rights, or when unemployed entitlement to adequate social protection. The potential polarisation effects of digital exclusion and deficits will severely hamper the wider benefits of transparency offered by these technologies. During the pandemic these trends have become more apparent. The imbalance of bargaining power and regulatory governance to bridge gaps in citizenship entitlements undermines the collective potential of policy makers and trade unions to address these challenges. Nevertheless, there is emerging evidence of innovative challenges and contestation of these gaps by both union organisations and national regulators attempts to adapt social protection

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Ali, Ibraheem, Thea Atwood, Renata Curty, Jimmy Ghaphery, Tim McGeary, Jennifer Muilenburg y Judy Ruttenberg. Research Data Services: Partnerships. Association of Research Libraries and Canadian Association of Research Libraries, enero de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.rdspartnerships2022.

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The Association of Research Libraries (ARL)/Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) Joint Task Force on Research Data Services (RDS) formed in 2020 with a two-fold purpose: (1) to demonstrate and commit to the roles research libraries have in stewarding research data and as part of institution-wide research support services and (2) to guide the development of resources for the ARL and CARL memberships in advancing their organizations as collaborative partners with respect to research data services in the context of FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) data principles and the US National Academies’ Open Science by Design framework. Research libraries will be successful in meeting these objectives if they act collectively and are deeply engaged with disciplinary communities. The task force formed three working groups of data practitioners, representing a wealth of expertise, to research the institutional landscape and policy environment in both the US and Canada. This report of the ARL/CARL RDS task force’s working group on partnerships highlights library RDS programs’ work with partners and stakeholders. The report provides a set of tools for libraries to use when assessing their RDS partnerships, including assessing partnerships using a partnership life cycle, defining the continuum of possible partnerships, and creating a catalog. Not all partnerships will last the entirety of a librarian’s career, and having clear parameters for when to continue or sunset a partnership can reduce ambiguity and free up resources. Recognizing the continuum of possible partnerships can provide the framework by which librarians can understand the nature of each group. From cyclical to seasonal to sporadic, understanding the needs of a type of partnership can help libraries frame their understanding and meet a group where they are. Finally, creating a catalog of partnerships can help libraries see the landscape of the organization, as well as areas for growth. This approach also aligns with OCLC’s 2020 report on Social Interoperability in Research Support: Cross-Campus Partnerships and the University Research Enterprise, which highlights the necessity of building and stewarding partnerships. Developing and providing services in a decentralized organization relies on the ability to build trusted relationships. These tools will help libraries achieve sustainable growth that is in concert with their partners, generating robust, clearly aligned initiatives that benefit all parties, their campuses, and their communities.

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Moro, Leben y Alice Robinson. Key Considerations: Cross-Border Dynamics between Uganda and South Sudan in the Context of the Outbreak of Ebola, 2022. Institute of Development Studies, diciembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.045.

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This brief summarises key considerations concerning cross-border dynamics between South Sudan and Uganda in the context of the 2022 outbreak of Ebola in Uganda, and the risk of the spread of the virus into South Sudan. It is one of four briefs exploring cross-border dynamics in the context of the outbreak, alongside Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania. The outbreak is of the Sudan strain of Ebola (Sudan Virus Disease, SVD). SVD is used in this paper to refer to the current outbreak in East Africa, whereas outbreaks of Zaire Ebolavirus disease or general references to Ebola are referred to as EVD. The outbreak of SVD began in Mubende, Uganda, on 19 September 2022. At the time of writing (25 November), there had been 141 confirmed cases and 55 deaths, including seven health workers. Infections had been confirmed in nine districts in Uganda, including in Kampala – a major transport hub. Vaccines used in previous Ebola outbreaks are effective against the Zaire strain of Ebola, and vaccines that could work against the Sudan strain remain under investigation. As of November 2022, there have been no confirmed cases of SVD imported into South Sudan, although several alerts have been investigated. However, the fear that travellers from Uganda might bring the disease into South Sudan has spurred preparations by government institutions and partner organisations, building on the experiences acquired during past outbreaks, particularly Ebola and COVID-19. An EVD High Level Taskforce has been formed, chaired by the Minister for Cabinet Affairs and co-chaired by the Minister of Health. The South Sudan Ministry of Health (MoH) has activated the Public Health Emergency Operation Centre (PHEOC) and Incident Management System (IMS). A national EVD Readiness Plan has been developed and endorsed by the government. A free hotline (number 6666) is in place, which can be used either to report suspected cases or for information on Ebola. Training of staff at border entry points has started. This brief is based on a rapid review of published and grey literature, and informal discussions with the South Sudan Red Cross, IOM, academics from University of Juba, and the PHEOC. It was requested by the Collective Service and was written by Leben Nelson Moro (University of Juba) and Alice Robinson (London School of Economics). It was reviewed by colleagues at the University of Bath, the PHEOC, Internews, Anthrologica, the Institute of Development Studies and the Collective Service. The brief is the responsibility of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP).

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McKenna, Patrick y Mark Evans. Emergency Relief and complex service delivery: Towards better outcomes. Queensland University of Technology, junio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.211133.

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Emergency Relief (ER) is a Department of Social Services (DSS) funded program, delivered by 197 community organisations (ER Providers) across Australia, to assist people facing a financial crisis with financial/material aid and referrals to other support programs. ER has been playing this important role in Australian communities since 1979. Without ER, more people living in Australia who experience a financial crisis might face further harm such as crippling debt or homelessness. The Emergency Relief National Coordination Group (NCG) was established in April 2020 at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic to advise the Minister for Families and Social Services on the implementation of ER. To inform its advice to the Minister, the NCG partnered with the Institute for Governance at the University of Canberra to conduct research to understand the issues and challenges faced by ER Providers and Service Users in local contexts across Australia. The research involved a desktop review of the existing literature on ER service provision, a large survey which all Commonwealth ER Providers were invited to participate in (and 122 responses were received), interviews with a purposive sample of 18 ER Providers, and the development of a program logic and theory of change for the Commonwealth ER program to assess progress. The surveys and interviews focussed on ER Provider perceptions of the strengths, weaknesses, future challenges, and areas of improvement for current ER provision. The trend of increasing case complexity, the effectiveness of ER service delivery models in achieving outcomes for Service Users, and the significance of volunteering in the sector were investigated. Separately, an evaluation of the performance of the NCG was conducted and a summary of the evaluation is provided as an appendix to this report. Several themes emerged from the review of the existing literature such as service delivery shortcomings in dealing with case complexity, the effectiveness of case management, and repeat requests for service. Interviews with ER workers and Service Users found that an uplift in workforce capability was required to deal with increasing case complexity, leading to recommendations for more training and service standards. Several service evaluations found that ER delivered with case management led to high Service User satisfaction, played an integral role in transforming the lives of people with complex needs, and lowered repeat requests for service. A large longitudinal quantitative study revealed that more time spent with participants substantially decreased the number of repeat requests for service; and, given that repeat requests for service can be an indicator of entrenched poverty, not accessing further services is likely to suggest improvement. The interviews identified the main strengths of ER to be the rapid response and flexible use of funds to stabilise crisis situations and connect people to other supports through strong local networks. Service Users trusted the system because of these strengths, and ER was often an access point to holistic support. There were three main weaknesses identified. First, funding contracts were too short and did not cover the full costs of the program—in particular, case management for complex cases. Second, many Service Users were dependent on ER which was inconsistent with the definition and intent of the program. Third, there was inconsistency in the level of service received by Service Users in different geographic locations. These weaknesses can be improved upon with a joined-up approach featuring co-design and collaborative governance, leading to the successful commissioning of social services. The survey confirmed that volunteers were significant for ER, making up 92% of all workers and 51% of all hours worked in respondent ER programs. Of the 122 respondents, volunteers amounted to 554 full-time equivalents, a contribution valued at $39.4 million. In total there were 8,316 volunteers working in the 122 respondent ER programs. The sector can support and upskill these volunteers (and employees in addition) by developing scalable training solutions such as online training modules, updating ER service standards, and engaging in collaborative learning arrangements where large and small ER Providers share resources. More engagement with peak bodies such as Volunteering Australia might also assist the sector to improve the focus on volunteer engagement. Integrated services achieve better outcomes for complex ER cases—97% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. The research identified the dimensions of service integration most relevant to ER Providers to be case management, referrals, the breadth of services offered internally, co-location with interrelated service providers, an established network of support, workforce capability, and Service User engagement. Providers can individually focus on increasing the level of service integration for their ER program to improve their ability to deal with complex cases, which are clearly on the rise. At the system level, a more joined-up approach can also improve service integration across Australia. The key dimensions of this finding are discussed next in more detail. Case management is key for achieving Service User outcomes for complex cases—89% of survey respondents either agreed or strongly agreed this was the case. Interviewees most frequently said they would provide more case management if they could change their service model. Case management allows for more time spent with the Service User, follow up with referral partners, and a higher level of expertise in service delivery to support complex cases. Of course, it is a costly model and not currently funded for all Service Users through ER. Where case management is not available as part of ER, it might be available through a related service that is part of a network of support. Where possible, ER Providers should facilitate access to case management for Service Users who would benefit. At a system level, ER models with a greater component of case management could be implemented as test cases. Referral systems are also key for achieving Service User outcomes, which is reflected in the ER Program Logic presented on page 31. The survey and interview data show that referrals within an integrated service (internal) or in a service hub (co-located) are most effective. Where this is not possible, warm referrals within a trusted network of support are more effective than cold referrals leading to higher take-up and beneficial Service User outcomes. However, cold referrals are most common, pointing to a weakness in ER referral systems. This is because ER Providers do not operate or co-locate with interrelated services in many cases, nor do they have the case management capacity to provide warm referrals in many other cases. For mental illness support, which interviewees identified as one of the most difficult issues to deal with, ER Providers offer an integrated service only 23% of the time, warm referrals 34% of the time, and cold referrals 43% of the time. A focus on referral systems at the individual ER Provider level, and system level through a joined-up approach, might lead to better outcomes for Service Users. The program logic and theory of change for ER have been documented with input from the research findings and included in Section 4.3 on page 31. These show that ER helps people facing a financial crisis to meet their immediate needs, avoid further harm, and access a path to recovery. The research demonstrates that ER is fundamental to supporting vulnerable people in Australia and should therefore continue to be funded by government.

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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml y Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, noviembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.

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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.

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Ghana: Community workers can communicate STI and HIV/AIDS messages effectively. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2001.1011.

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To support the Government of Ghana’s plan to expand community-based distribution (CBD) programs, the Planned Parenthood Association of Ghana (PPAG) and the Population Council conducted a study in 1999 of the CBD programs of 13 nongovernmental agencies. The study also assessed in depth PPAG’s CBD program, which is the country’s largest and oldest. Data sources included interviews with 301 CBD agents, 27 supervisors, and 20 clinicians in rural and urban areas in 16 districts; observations of 51 PPAG agents interacting with 6 clients each; and 15 focus group discussions with community members, former CBD agents, and CBD clients. CBD programs in Ghana indicate that contraceptive distributors can also provide education on sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS, and maternal and child health. As stated in this brief, performance of CBD agents remains low, and CBD programs can be improved by establishment of national standards and guidelines, better recordkeeping, and more compensation for agents.

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