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Ofori, Benjamin D., Elaine T. Lawson, Jesse S. Ayivor y Roland Kanlisi. "Sustainable Livelihood Adaptation in Dam-Affected Volta Delta, Ghana: Lessons of NGO Support". Journal of Sustainable Development 9, n.º 3 (30 de mayo de 2016): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n3p248.
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The costs of the multiple benefits of large-scale dam development are disproportionately borne by displaced people upstream and downstream riparian communities whose livelihood strategies have depended on the flood regime of rivers and resources in their natural surroundings. Downstream dam-affected populations are compelled to adapt to post-dam flood plain ecosystems in order to rebuild their livelihoods. However, they are usually confronted with many challenges due to limited local capacity, levels of vulnerability and impoverishment and, very often, inadequate and slow governmental and institutional support. In this paper, we examined the support of an international non-governmental organisation for four island communities of the Volta Delta in Ghana whose livelihoods were disrupted by the damming of the Volta River upstream at Akosombo, 80km from its mouth. The study was situated within the context of the sustainable livelihood analysis framework and the methodology adopted involved discussions and interviews with project beneficiaries and implementers. The study findings indicated that there were initial benefits from the livestock component of the project but that could not be sustained as the beneficiaries could not buy feed on regular basis. However, the communal agroforestry undertaken by the groups provided the impetus for establishment of individually-owned woodlots which are harvested for fuel. A key lesson from the project is that local leadership is crucial in the success of community livelihood support programmes. Also, adequate sensitization and education about the project along with re-orientation of peoples’ minds are essential ingredients for achieving acceptability of the project by local communities and ensuring project sustainability.
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Yellaiah, Gatti. "Natural Resources-Tribal Right to Life". World Journal of Social Science Research 1, n.º 2 (28 de diciembre de 2014): p166. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v1n2p166.
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The tribal are booned to use natural resource, but not to distruct the resources. Since they are the dependent on nature, several times there is a chance to destruct nature in their hands. They have enjoyed the right of land, forest, and water as the natural right. The tribal have the communal right. These resources will play a key role in the development of the country. We need to protect these resources. It is the responsibility of all the people, but the greed of man is leading to the destruction of the natural resources throughout the world. Natural resources are not the commony property.
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Cobbinah, Patrick Brandful. "Local attitudes towards natural resources management in rural Ghana". Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, n.º 3 (13 de abril de 2015): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-04-2014-0061.
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Purpose – Local support is fundamental in natural resources management (NRM). However, recent studies indicate that NRM in protected areas in developing countries is often faced with local resistance due to its impacts on livelihoods. The purpose of this paper is to examine local attitudes – positive and negative responses – towards NRM in protected areas and implications of NRM benefits on local support for conservation of protected areas. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative research method was used for this study. Structured questionnaire survey was administered to 310 respondents across four case study communities – Abrafo, Mesomagor, Adadientem and Nuamakrom – around the Kakum Conservation Area (KCA), Ghana. χ2 test and logistic regression were used to analyse the data with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Findings – Findings showed positive attitudes towards NRM in protected areas (85.9 per cent) and high support for conservation of KCA (86.5 per cent). Respondents recognised the importance of the KCA in managing natural resources especially forest and water resources. Positive attitudes towards conservation of KCA were largely influenced by receipt of socio-economic benefits from the KCA, in terms of employment, income and involvement in KCA management. However, those excluded from socio-economic benefits from the KCA also expressed positive attitudes towards conservation, suggesting that support for NRM transcends socio-economic benefits. On the other hand, local people recognised the challenges associated with NRM in protected areas such as increased farm raids by wildlife, loss of access to timber and non-timber forest products. Originality/value – This paper has revealed that although socio-economic benefits from NRM in protected areas influence local people’s support for conservation, local knowledge of the environmental benefits is equally important. The depth of local knowledge of NRM in the KCA is dependent on educational status and level of involvement of respondents in the KCA in terms of employment, and the effectiveness of educational campaigns by the park officials. Therefore, in the absence of clear development programmes from government and park officials to educate and involve local people in NRM, it appears the conservation objective upon which NRM in protected areas are designed may not be realised.
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Bakang, J. A. y C. J. Garforth. "Property rights and renewable natural resources degradation in North-Western Ghana". Journal of International Development 10, n.º 4 (junio de 1998): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1328(199806)10:4<501::aid-jid541>3.0.co;2-h.
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Bathuure, Isaac Akpemah, Lens Opoku Brobbey y Kingsley Bawa. "Spatial Distribution of Resources and Poverty Incidence in Ghana". Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 3, n.º 4 (17 de noviembre de 2020): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/jems.v3n4p1.
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This paper investigates the spatial distribution of resources, production activities and poverty in Ghana. The study found that the presence of natural resources in an area over a period of time greatly influences industrial activities in that locality. Moreover, given that firms or manufacturing industries will usually site their business ventures close to the sources of resource attraction, the processes of production including value addition, packaging, and refinery largely becomes vibrant in resource rich areas than less-resource zones. In Ghana, there seems to be an uneven distribution of natural resources across the administrative regions and ecological zones. This kind of distribution has resulted in the creation of additional jobs in areas endowed with natural resources. Data for the studies was obtain from Ghana statistical service
Spatial distribution of natural resources positively influences most important production activities in the discovered areas. A boom in production activities within an areas certainly reflect on the poverty incidence of the people since it creates both direct and indirect employment opportunities in that area. The paper suggests diversification of the economy, equitable allocation of resources to deprived areas to ensures comprehensive development and poverty alleviation in all aspects of life of the ordinary Ghanaian .Government needs to as well put in the needed measures to ensure people gets direct benefits from resources exploited in their communities as most of these exploitive activities pose negative externalities to the people.
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Kostetska, Kateryna, Nina Poyda-Nosyk, Robert Bacho, Vira Nevlad y Olena Pavlenko. "Natural resource reserves sustainable use and inclusive resort development". E3S Web of Conferences 255 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125501003.
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The article is devoted to the directions natural resources reserves formation basis on inclusive development of the territory. We consider the definition of natural resources reserve use, which unlike common understanding reserve includes the related services provided to meet the requirements of inclusive growth. The expediency of natural resources reserves use forming is considered on the example of therapeutic muds of the Kuyalnyk estuary. Today, there is a lack of funds for infrastructure development needs for state and communal enterprises that carry out their activities on the natural resources using. Such situation has developed at the state importance Kuyalnyk resort in Ukraine. Having all the natural importance competitive advantages the implementation of health activities using the therapeutic mud of the Kuyalnyk estuary, economic activity in the area is declining due to lack of funds for infrastructure development. The problem solution is possible through the natural resources reserves formation for their further use on inclusive development base. The option principle can apply in reserves of use formation, which makes it possible to calculate the break-even point. It is also necessary to pay attention to the standards for calculating tax liabilities and their further redistribution to the needs of territorial development.
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ABUOVA, Galina B. "RATIONAL USE AND REPRODUCTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES FOR THE ECONOMIC AND DRINKING PURPOSES". Urban construction and architecture 3, n.º 4S (15 de diciembre de 2013): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2013.s4.1.
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One of the main problems in system of housing and communal services is providing with qualitative drinking water. For the solution of this problem it is off ered to use for tertiary treatment of drinking water from anthropogenous substances a sorbent from a local material - waste of drilling operations.
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Tiominar, Betty y Suraya A. Afiff. "Ruang Gender Haruskah Selalu dipisah? Ruang Kelola Wilayah Adat dan Pendekatan Ekologi Politik Feminis". Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya 23, n.º 1 (7 de junio de 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v23.n1.p1-8.2021.
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Gender space generally separates space and place of land and natural resources management and utilization based on gender. The assumption these gender space segregation with firm boundary lines implicated demand to showing women's control, utilization, and management of the land and natural resources on the participatory mapping result that is mostly facilitated by JKPP in Indonesia. One of the purposes of this demand is to include women's interests over space in every decision-making process that has an impact on the women's production areas. In fact, not all places have separated the control, utilization, and management of the land and natural resources based on gender. In an agrarian society, like in Indonesia, most of the areas for control, utilization, and management of the land and natural resources are communal based, which is means that the land and natural resources are joint management by men and women. In one indigenous territory, at two different places and times, gender based management can undergo changes. Taking the case of the Balai Juhu in Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency, South Kalimantan, using a feminist political ecology framework, this article examines the complexities of gender segregation on indigenous territory
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McCusker, Brent y Ann M. Oberhauser. "An assessment of women’s access to natural resources through communal projects in South Africa". GeoJournal 66, n.º 4 (agosto de 2006): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-006-9006-3.
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Anarfo, Ebenezer Bugri, Abel Mawuko Agoba y Robert Abebreseh. "Foreign Direct Investment in Ghana: The Role of Infrastructural Development and Natural Resources". African Development Review 29, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2017): 575–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12297.
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Kwakwa, Paul Adjei, Hamdiyah Alhassan y George Adu. "Effect of natural resources extraction on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in Ghana". International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, n.º 1 (6 de enero de 2020): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-09-2018-0003.
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Purpose Even though many studies have attempted to understand the drivers of carbon dioxide emission and energy consumption to help tackle environmental issues, not much has been done to estimate the effect of natural resources extraction on these two variables. This paper aims to analyze the long-run and short-run carbon dioxide emission and energy consumption effect of natural resources extraction in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical foundation for this study is the Stochastic Impacts Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) model. Secondary Data sourced from World Development Indicators (2018) for the period of 1971-2013 were used. Estimation was done by using the autoregressive distributed lag. Findings It was found among other things that urbanization, and extraction of natural resources contribute to Ghana’s carbon dioxide emission, while official development assistance helps in reducing carbon dioxide emission in the long run. Again, while income and extraction of natural resources increase energy consumption, urbanization and official development assistance reduce environmental degradation in the long run. Regarding the short run, income and urbanization both increase energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission; trade openness and official development assistance decrease both carbon dioxide emission and energy consumption. Research limitations/implications The implications from the results include the need to strictly enforce laws regulating extractive activities in the country to ensure a safe environment; and also to raise tariff and non-tariff barriers on products that do not promote a friendly environment and vice versa. Originality/value The effect of natural resources extraction on carbon emission and energy consumption is examined.
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Adam, James Natia, Timothy Adams, Jean-David Gerber y Tobias Haller. "Decentralization for Increased Sustainability in Natural Resource Management? Two Cautionary Cases from Ghana". Sustainability 13, n.º 12 (18 de junio de 2021): 6885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126885.
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In Sub-Saharan African countries, governments are increasingly devolving natural resource management from central administration to the local government level as a trend toward subsidiarity. In parallel, efforts to implement formalization processes have resulted in a puzzling institutional arena, wherein mixed actors are struggling to influence the paths of institutional change and the associated distribution of land and land-related resources. Relying on political ecology and new institutionalism in social anthropology, we investigate how the decentralization of formalization of rights in artisanal and small-scale gold mining can lead to paradoxical outcomes, often negatively impacting social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Two comparative case studies are performed in Ghana. Our results show that the negative effects of formalization efforts for resource end users are to be understood in the broad context of actors’ repositioning strategies following the selective implementation of decentralization. The authors conclude that increasing the power of the central government and line ministries to control local resources can influence the disenfranchisement of local people’s participation and control of natural resources, resulting in a relentless environmental crisis.
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Vanderpuye, Inez Naaki, Samuel Antwi Darkwah y Iva Živělová. "The System of Land Ownership and Its Effect on Agricultural Production: The Case of Ghana". Journal of Agricultural Science 12, n.º 5 (15 de abril de 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n5p57.
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Most African continents have pressing issues on individual rights to property and natural resources, given the relatively poor economic conditions and the belief of personal ownership to a property right (Joireman, 2008). Ghana, like many African countries like Mozambique and Uganda, have laws to the right of property that is the traditional system of land rights. Most of the African countries depend on the large share of natural capital from the natural resources for the economic growth of the country. Some emerging economies can have sustained economic growth due to their reliance on natural resources such as oil and gas. This paper investigates property rights, land ownership, and land inheritance and their effect on agricultural production in Ghana. To undertake this research, a sample of 35 respondents were analysed using the SPSS software. The analysis was based on characteristics such as gender, age, and educational level of the respondents. The research results indicate that men inherit more than women, and family ownership is the most popular type of land inheritance in Ghana. Also, people with a lower level of education are likely to inherit the land and own land. Finally, the patrilineal system is the most popular system of inheritance in Ghana.
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Ovchinnikova, Natalia, Maria Batranyuk, Ekaterina Zhidkova, Yulia Lazebnaya y Victoria Timofeeva. "Main areas of land use in municipal entity". E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021009004.
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All that man needs for his existence come from the natural environment. Advanced modern technologies often only increase the consumption of natural resources, since the material benefits produced by human labor are made from them. As a natural resource, land is a unique and most valuable source that forms the basis of life and activity for all humankind. All the processes of establishing a human society, which take place in the social, political, economic, communal, industrial and environmental spheres, are directly linked to land resources. This issue is of ongoing global concern. Therefore, the activities of any state must, first and foremost, be aimed at their effective management and protection from the negative impact of natural factors and consequences of human activity.
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Shobande, Olatunji Abdul y Joseph Onuche Enemona. "A Multivariate VAR Model for Evaluating Sustainable Finance and Natural Resource Curse in West Africa: Evidence from Nigeria and Ghana". Sustainability 13, n.º 5 (5 de marzo de 2021): 2847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052847.
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The financial sector plays a critical role in society by mediating resources and assets within the economy between surplus and deficit units. Therefore, they have a great responsibility for the sustainability and prosperity of natural endowments. This study aimed to determine whether sustainable finance matters for the natural resource curse in Nigeria and Ghana. The empirical evidence is based on the Bayer and Hanck combined cointegration tests and Vector Autoregressive/Vector Error Correction Granger causality tests. The study highlights the importance of sustainable financing in natural resources management. Our findings also confirmed the existence of the financial resource curse in Nigeria and Ghana. Likewise, the medium through which sustainable finance affects the natural resource curse has been identified as the human development index (economic welfare). This current study has critical policy implications that suggest the need to establish a vibrant, sustainable financing strategy to assist domestic private investors with a strong interest in natural resource exploration and development, taking into account macroeconomic sustainability. Additionally, it also important to build a strong financial market which allows for policies designed to promote natural resource management.
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Armah, Frederick A., Isaac Luginaah, Genesis T. Yengoh, Joseph Taabazuing y David O. Yawson. "Management of natural resources in a conflicting environment in Ghana: unmasking a messy policy problem". Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 57, n.º 11 (3 de octubre de 2013): 1724–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2013.834247.
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Martyniuk, V. A. "The Right Of Ownership Of The Ukrainian People And The Right Of State Ownership Of Natural Objects And Their Resources". Actual problems of improving of current legislation of Ukraine, n.º 49 (3 de abril de 2019): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/apiclu.49.164-174.
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The article presents the analysis of the ownership of natural objects and their resources through understanding and correlation of the property rights of the Ukrainian people and the state property rights.
Different scientific approaches to understanding the property rights of the Ukrainian people are analyzed. Emphasizes on the public aspect of the legal regime of property of the Ukrainian people. It is substantiated that the recognition by the legislator of natural objects and natural resources as objects of property of the Ukrainian people confirms and points to the special importance of such objects for the life of the whole society. At the same time, the property of the Ukrainian people was not declared as exclusive. Natural objects and their resources may be public, communal and private property. In our opinion, the thesis about the equivalence of the property rights of the Ukrainian people and the state property rights, which is grounded in separate scientific researches, is not correct. The property rights of the Ukrainian people and the right of state ownership differ in their nature and mechanisms of legislative regulation. The state, as a subject of state ownership of natural objects and their resources, is on an equal footing with other entities. In the article, on the basis of legislative prescriptions, the subjects of exercising the property rights of the Ukrainian people and state property rights are identified. The differences in the system of such entities are indicated.
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Sergeev, Sergey, Tatiana Kirillova y Irina Krasyuk. "Modelling of sustainable development of megacities under limited resources". E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199105007.
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The paper is devoted to topical issues of urban planning in relation to megacities. We consider this issue taking into account the limitations of natural, communal, and social resources. The problem is especially acute for the overwhelming majority of the state capitals, as well as cities with historical heritage that are of great interest due to the rapid development of tourism and the high mobility of the population in the world. The authors formalize the problem of determining the optimal ratio of the volume of urban buildings intended for non-residents to the total housing stock. We conduct economic calculations to determine the quantitative indicators that can be used as the basis for administrative measures aimed at limiting the flow of people arriving with the intention of temporarily deploying in megacities.
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Yang, Honggang. "Preserving the Commons in Private Cluster-Home Developments". Practicing Anthropology 14, n.º 4 (1 de septiembre de 1992): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.14.4.r438501623h87114.
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The thesis of "The Tragedy of the Commons," as developed and popularized by ecologist Garrett Hardin (Science 162, 1968), is a striking recognition of the dangers of freedom of action in an environment which is limited. The "commons" consists of those resources that are needed but are not or can not be assigned private ownership. The concept applies throughout the world and over many different types of resources, such as fisheries, forests, grazing lands, and irrigation systems. Hardin studied the eroding situation of American communal and natural resources and found that "freedom in a commons brings ruin to all."
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Cronkleton, Peter, Kristen Evans, Thomas Addoah, Emilie Smith Dumont, Mathurin Zida y Houria Djoudi. "Using Participatory Approaches to Enhance Women’s Engagement in Natural Resource Management in Northern Ghana". Sustainability 13, n.º 13 (23 de junio de 2021): 7072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137072.
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From 2016–2019, the West African Forest-Farm Interface (WAFFI) project engaged with smallholder farmers in northern Ghana to explore mechanisms to improve the influence of under-represented peoples, particularly women, in decision-making processes and platforms that affect their access to natural resources. Through a multi-phase process of participatory activities, including auto-appraisal, participatory action research (PAR) and facilitated knowledge exchange, villagers and researchers worked together to document and develop a better understanding of the challenges and changes facing women and men in the region to generate social learning. Among these challenges, the degradation of forest resources due to over exploitation, weak governance and conflict of use over shea trees (Vitellaria paradoxa) were particularly important for women. The WAFFI approach created a scaffold for social learning that strengthened the capacity of local stakeholders to share their perspectives and opinions more effectively in multi-stakeholder forums and dialogue related to resource use and land use change initiatives.
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Chigonda, Tanyaradzwa. "More than Just Story Telling: A Review of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilisation from Precolonial to Postcolonial Zimbabwe". Scientifica 2018 (19 de agosto de 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6214318.
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Access to natural resources has changed over the years in Zimbabwe. At least three broad periods of biodiversity conservation, utilisation, and access can be identified in the country, namely, the precolonial, colonial, and postindependence periods. This paper reviews the relationships between human livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in the rural areas of Zimbabwe during these periods and is informed by an extensive review of the relevant literature. A combination of historical narrative, thematic, and content analysis was used in analysing the various documents into meaningful information addressing the objective of the study. Traditional societies in precolonial Zimbabwe had access to abundant natural resources. However, access to these resources was not uncontrolled, but was limited by traditional beliefs, taboos, and customs enforced through community leadership structures. The advent of colonialism in the late 19th century dispossessed indigenous African communities of natural resources through command-type conservation legislation. At independence in 1980, the new majority government sought to redress the natural resource ownership imbalances created during colonialism, culminating in some significant measure of devolution in natural resource management to local communities in the late 1980s, though such devolution has been criticised for being incomplete. An accelerated land reform exercise since the year 2000 has adversely affected biodiversity conservation activities in the country, including the conservation-related livelihood benefits derived from protected areas. The review paper highlights the need for a more complete devolution of natural resource ownership and management down to the grassroots levels in the communal areas, if social and ecological sustainability is to be fully realised in these areas. On the other hand, the disruption of conservation activities in the country due to the ill-planned accelerated land reform exercise that has demarcated land for arable farming in some of the protected areas should be held in check as a matter of urgency.
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Sobri, Sobri. "Kejahatan Politik Dalam Pembangunan Dalam Kebijakan Pembangunan Industri Kehutanan dan Perkebunan Di Provinsi Riau". SISI LAIN REALITA 4, n.º 1 (25 de junio de 2019): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sisilainrealita.2019.vol4(1).4050.
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State development policies since the New Order era oriented towards rapid economic growth (capitalist paradigm) in an effort to increase the country's foreign exchange as development capital through the development program of indusrialisasi the plantation and forestry sector in Indonesia, especially in Riau province, has led to the widespread conversion of land functions and the occurrence of practices monopoly over natural resources by corporations. In line with the increasingly widespread industrial estate of oil palm plantations and industrial plantations in Riau Province development policies take place unfairly for the local communities, these policies have weakened traditional community access to access to natural resources , loss of natural economic resources of traditional communities (subsistence) and the occurrence of marginal situations socially, economically and culturally, for traditional communities who live in the villages in the province of Riau The manifestation of social, economic, cultural injustice and the process of marginalization, seizure of customary communal land, widespread structural poverty in the villages where local residents reside in Riau Province indicate that the policy of industrialization development in the plantation and forestry sector in Riau province contains dimensic violence and crime.
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Fuentes, Alejandro. "Protection of Indigenous Peoples’ Traditional Lands and Exploitation of Natural Resources: The Inter-American Court of Human Rights’ Safeguards". International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 24, n.º 3 (8 de agosto de 2017): 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02403006.
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The Inter-American Court of Human Rights (I-ACtHR) has developed remarkable jurisprudence for the protection of the right to communal property of indigenous and tribal communities with respect to the ancestral lands that they possess and traditionally used-natural resources, in order to guarantee their cultural and economic survival in the Americas. This article critically analyses the legal regime applicable for the protection of the right to traditional communal property of indigenous and tribal peoples in the Americas, its connection with their right to cultural identity, and the right to a dignified life. In particular, it pays specific attention to the right to effective participation and consultation of the indigenous communities affected; the obligation to share reasonable benefits with these communities; and the elaboration of a prior environmental and social impact assessment of any development investments, exploration or extraction plans.
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Kwofie, Samuel, Isaac K. Yankey y Godfred K. Abledu. "Financial Support for Civil Society Organisations in Ghana: A Study of Natural Resources and Environmental Governance". International Journal of Business and Social Research 6, n.º 2 (19 de marzo de 2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v6i2.904.
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<p>Civil Society Support Funds (CSSFs) are becoming a common mechanism for providing financial support and capacity building to Civil Society groups in most parts of the world. Management of these funds have become a challenge to the donors with options either to channel it through intermediaries or present it themselves. Multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral approaches were adopted and supported largely with other participatory methodologies that combine social, institutional, political and economic parameters in the information collection, collation, analysis and synthesis, and for reporting. It was found out that an independent funding scheme earmarked for the Environmental Natural Resources (ENR) sector is a preferred funding mechanism for the sector. The name ‘Civil Society – Natural Resource and Environmental Fund’ was recommended. This scheme is perceived to be independent of any existing scheme or institution and presents a mechanism for specific targeting of ENR issues and addresses variations in CS capacities. It was concluded that the use of intermediaries for the management of donor pool funding is an effective way of finding balance between the two horns of a dilemma – the DPs or Government donor funds meant for the development of the CS capacity for accountability. </p>
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Soliku, Ophelia. "Gendered Impacts of Conservation on Rural Communities in Northern Ghana: Implications for Collaborative Natural Resources Management". Society & Natural Resources 34, n.º 6 (1 de abril de 2021): 805–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2021.1895389.
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Konijn, Peter y Rob van Tulder. "Resources-for-infrastructure (R4I) swaps". critical perspectives on international business 11, n.º 3/4 (6 de julio de 2015): 259–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-02-2013-0008.
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Purpose – This paper aims to understand the role resources-for-infrastructure (R4I) swaps play in internationalisation strategies, thereby contributing to a modern theory of the multinational enterprises (MNEs) based on experiences of rising power firms. Since 2004, the Chinese Government; state-owned policy banks; and oil, mining and construction corporations have used a relatively unique form of internationalisation through complex, large-scale R4I swaps in Africa. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a resource bundling perspective and political economy lens to analyse complex entry decisions and success, as well as the failure of R4I swaps. The paper is based on a comparative analysis of published case studies of R4I swaps in seven African countries complemented by field research by the first author. Findings – The findings show that, under very specific circumstances, R4I swaps can be considered as a successful internationalisation strategy. R4I swaps enable Chinese MNEs to build and maintain relationships with non-market elites that control access to natural resources and infrastructure contracts. Research limitations/implications – The sample of cases, although representing all relevant R4I-swaps, is too small to come for more quantitative conclusions on success/failure factors. Practical implications – R4I swaps are a very unlikely model for Western MNEs, as they lack the necessary country-specific competitive advantages and institutional mechanisms. Originality/value – To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study of all relevant Chinese R4I swaps in Africa and contains original data from fieldwork in Ghana and D.R. Congo.
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Oniki, Shunji, Haftu Etsay, Melaku Berhe y Teklay Negash. "Improving Cooperation among Farmers for Communal Land Conservation in Ethiopia: A Public Goods Experiment". Sustainability 12, n.º 21 (9 de noviembre de 2020): 9290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219290.
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Farmers in developing countries depend on communal natural resources, yet countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are facing the severe degradation of communal lands due to the so-called “tragedy of the commons”. For the sustainable management of common resources, policy interventions, such as farmer seminars, are necessary to ensure high-level cooperation among farmers for land conservation. However, the effects of this type of information provision are not well known. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the dissemination of conservation information on collaborative communal forest management using an economic field experiment with 936 farmers selected by random sampling from 11 villages in the northern Ethiopian Highlands. We conducted a public goods game experiment using a framework of voluntary contribution to communal land conservation with an intervention to remind participants about the consequence of their behaviors. The results show that the volunteer contribution increased after the intervention, and thereafter the decay of the contribution was slow. The results indicate that providing information about the consequences leads to a higher contribution. The effects of information provision are heterogeneous in terms of social condition, such as access to an urban area and social capital, and individual characteristics, such as wealth. These findings imply that information provision effectively improves farmer collaboration toward natural resource conservation in developing countries.
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MCCARTHY, NANCY y MONICA DI GREGORIO. "Climate variability and flexibility in resource access: the case of pastoral mobility in Northern Kenya". Environment and Development Economics 12, n.º 3 (junio de 2007): 403–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x07003609.
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In many regions of the world, property rights to natural resources are held under various forms of communal ownership, which often exhibit flexibility for users to access different resources depending on relative need. This paper explores the links between climate variability, transactions costs associated with resource access, and patterns of herd mobility in northern Kenya. Results indicate that greater spatial variability of vegetation leads to greater herd mobility, and that higher transaction costs reduce mobility for herds engaged in long-distance movements. Moreover, long-distance mobility is higher in drought years only in those communities with greater spatial and seasonal variability of vegetation.
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Antwi, George Owusu, Dwobeng Owusu Nyamekye, Patrick Ofei y Frederick A. Aikens. "Foreign Direct Investment: Is Natural Resources the Rejoin? Evidence from Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo: Fixed Effect Approach". International Journal of Asian Social Science 9, n.º 12 (2019): 588–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2019.912.588.606.
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Agyare, Andrew, Grant Murray, Philip Dearden y Richard Rollins. "Conservation in Context: Variability in Desired and Perceived Outcomes of Community Based Natural Resources Governance in Ghana". Society & Natural Resources 28, n.º 9 (15 de julio de 2015): 975–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2015.1042127.
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Flambonita, Suci, Vera Novianti, Artha Febriansyah y Wahyu Ernaningsih. "The Paradigm of Pluralism In Indonesia: Communal VS Legal State". Technium Social Sciences Journal 15 (9 de enero de 2021): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v15i1.2245.
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Indonesia with all of its diversities in which law and culture live side by side and become part of state law regularity. Centralistic view contends that the only institution which plays role in creating social regularity is the country through the law formed and determined by the country. In its reality, there are many ‘other forces’ that do not come from the state such as customary law, religion law, habits, trade agreement across country and so on. Those forces also have the ability to regulate the community actions bound in it even sometimes the member or the community in the society prefers to obey the rules formed by their group compared to the state law regulations. The research method used was sociological approach with moral, ethic, and religious approach. Traditional communities are groups of individuals who live from generation to generation in a certain geographical territory and are bind by cultural identities, strong relationships with their indigenous land, regions, and natural resources. Their value system determines their economic, political, and legal institutions. Indigenous peoples are groups of individuals who live from generation to generation in a certain geographical territory and are bind by cultural identities, strong relationships with their indigenous land, regions, and natural resources. Their value system determines their economic, political, and legal institutions arranged by customary institutions that have the authority to govern.
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Gandaa, B. Z., G. Kranjac-Berisavljevic, Y. Balma y S. Abubakari. "Ecosystem Management in Large-scale Irrigation Landscapes in Northern Ghana". International Journal of Irrigation and Agricultural Development (IJIRAD) 1, n.º 1 (25 de enero de 2018): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47762/2017.964x.21.
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The concept of ecosystem and ecosystem management services has given rise to different definitions and classifications. Ecosystem may be defined as a natural unit of living things and their physical environment. Ecosystem concept shows the relationship of biodiversity and ecosystems and the benefits are the services enjoyed by humans. In the past, ecosystem resources were used by multiple groups and individuals across sub-Sahara for variety of purposes, sustaining agrarian livelihood through the use of customary laws and traditional social structures. After the Ghana’s 1992 amended constitution, lands in large-scale irrigation in the northern Ghana were returned to the traditional custodians. The study seeks to establish the current role of traditional custodians’ management of ecosystem in irrigation landscapes. The study was conducted in the Tono and Bontanga irrigation landscapes in Northern Ghana using participatory impact assessment methods. Despite the return of lands in irrigated landscapes, formal links and relationships are broken and little is done to amend the situation. Also, there is no clear understanding of the natural resources ownership and management and therefore transition from traditional subsistence agriculture into modern one, supported by irrigation and other technically advanced methods, with a full participation of the small-holder farmers are still lacking.
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Villarosa-Tanchuling, Ma Linnea. "Women in Gendered Fisheries: Roles, Issues and Challenges in Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam and Philippines". Jurnal Perempuan 22, n.º 4 (8 de noviembre de 2017): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.34309/jp.v22i4.205.
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This paper is a synthesis of the results of the case studies on women’s situation in fisheries done by the members of the SEA Fish for Justice Network. The network is composed of 15 non-government and fishers organizations from the Southeast Asia region. It envisions equity in access to and control over off-shore, coastal and inland aquatic natural resources including the termination of suffering caused by unsustainable resources and/or privatized control over communal resources. The case studies were conducted by SEAFish Network members in Cambodia, Indonesia, Vietnam and Philippines in the second and third quarter of 2008 to highlight the roles, issues and challenges faced by women in coastal communities as well as the spaces provided them to facilitate their empowerment. The network members who conducted the studies were FACT (Cambodia), KIARA (Indonesia), MCD (Vietnam) and PROCESS-Bohol, CERD, and Tambuyog Development Center (CERD).
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Sari, Intan Merdeka y Lego Karjoko. "The Rationality on Regulation of Village Government Function on First-Time Land Registration to Form the Land Ownership Certainty in Indonesia". International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 5, n.º 4 (6 de mayo de 2018): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v5i4.274.
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This article aimes to find the rationality on the regulation of village government function on the first-time land registration. Negative publication system in Indonesia Agrarian law leads to the uncertainty of land ownership which results in conflicts. A strong optimization on the function of Village Government on land registration is necessary. This study employed a normative approach. Communal regime-based natural resources management becomes the basis of the rationality of Village Government’ function strengthening on the land registration.
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Pratt, Natalie. "COMMUNITY PROPERTY CLAIMS IN THE PERSONHOOD PERSPECTIVE: PART 1". Denning Law Journal 29, n.º 1 (18 de agosto de 2017): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v29i1.1203.
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Under the property and personhood theory the projection by individuals of their personhood into the physical world gives rise to property claims over tangible objects and natural resources. However, the property and personhood theory is generally used as a justification for private property, and it is not clear whether a community personhood can be extended into the physical world, giving rise to communal claims over natural resources, such as land. The property and personhood theory distinguishes between two types of proprietary claim: fungible and personal. Fungible property refers to property that is held purely instrumentally, whereas personal property is property that is bound up with the holder, and should be protected against competing fungible claims. This two-part article argues that community claims to property can be justified by the property and personhood theory, and that the law should recognize these claims, although it fails to do so. The personal claim should establish a community’s entitlement to a natural resource and prevail over the fungible claim of a private landowner. However, current practice does not prioritise the community claim, because the claim is not universally understood. The dominant voice in property narrative is not that of a cohesive and mutual self-interest group, but rather the self-interested individual. Recent legislative amendments have purported to implement the policy of empowering local communities, in particular by increasing community participation in deciding on the use and allocation of resources. However, these policies have proved little more than a Trojan Horse that have perpetuated the favouring of the private property holder over a community claim.
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Tiimub, Benjamin Makimilua, Kwasi Obiri-Danso, Emmanuel Dartey, Richard Amankwah Kuffour, Paul Amihere-Ackah, Richard Wonnsibe Tiimob, Gideon Likida Tiimob, Elisha Tiimob, Kwame Elijah Adade y Isaac Baani. "STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF VISITOR PERCEPTION, EBOLA RISK FACTOR, AND WATER QUALITY OF MOLE NATIONAL PARK FOR SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM FUNCTIONS". Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 5, n.º 20 (15 de septiembre de 2020): 16–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.520002.
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Aligning with Parks’ sustainability, tourist perceptions about integral field conditions for ecotourism functions were studied at Mole in Ghana (Africa) through periodic physicochemical analyses of water using (APHA/AWWA/WEF, 2012) protocols. Optimally, 81.5 wet days with 1,107.38mm rainfall intensity- regulated the park’s dynamic natural primary productivity within six years interval (2005 to 2010), revealing direct insignificant regressive linear relationships (y = 1.7x + 0.2778) in the rainfall pattern interspersed with marginal variations in standard errors of the month-by-month figures (R2 = 0.6839). Zero Ebola records status boosted ecotourism functions, although, foreign visitors’ statistics dropped in 2014 with reciprocal ascendance of locals when the Government of Ghana adopted WHO/CDC Ebola preventive interventions. Routine carrying capacity measures regulated tourist numbers annually. Ground littering, pool contamination, olfactory wild animal odours, and higher entrance fees seldom discouraged 90-95% of the subjects who considered the park’s environs as recreationally moderately attractive. CaCO3 varied widely from 32.03 to 124.72 mg/L similar to turbidity (1.27 - 57.4) NTU, while pH remained neutral (7) in the entire park’s water resources. Boreholes temperatures varied slightly between Laribanga (23.7ᵒС) and Mole (27.8°С) whereas, EC differed significantly (p<0.05) between Mole dam 1b (47.6 µS/cm) and Mole pool (2181 µS/cm). A few water sources exhibited lower TDS, though higher figures also exceeded the Ghana EPA standard (100mg/L), reducing its safety for recreational occupancy. Prognosis integral responses towards improving these water resources by redefining acceptable quality index, modelling of synergies using existing park’s natural resources databases could posterity wise, secure, or improve ecotourism benefits.
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Nurtazin, Sabir, Niels Thevs, Margulan Iklasov, Norman Graham, Ruslan Salmurzauli y Steven Pueppke. "Challenges to the sustainable use of water resources in the Ili River basin of Central Asia". E3S Web of Conferences 81 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198101009.
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Water is a scarce resource in Central Asia, and many catchments span international boundaries, among them that of the Ili River, which is shared by China and Kazakhstan. Since 1970, the natural hydrological regime of the Ili River, both absolute flow rates and cycles, has changed due to construction of reservoirs such as that at Kapchagai, as well as natural climatic cycles and the growth of water consumption in the basin. Using data from Kazhydromet, we calculated that flow rates below Kapchagai dam averaged 468 m3/sec before construction of the dam, 366 m3/sec while the reservoir was being filled, and 489 m3/sec between 1988 and 2013. The dam has profoundly altered the annual cycle of flows in the river, with reductions in the summer and increases in the winter, when water is released to produce hydropower. The effects of these changes are being heightened by China’s increasing diversion of the river’s water. The sustainable use of decreasing water resources to conserve the biodiversity of the Ili-Balkhash basin’s ecosystems mandates a solution to the water allocation challenge between China and Kazakhstan. This will require a basin-wide approach that includes modernization of water distribution systems and careful consideration to relative priority needs for food, hydropower, and communal uses in both countries.
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Hardus, Sarah. "Chinese National Oil Companies in Ghana: The Cases of cnooc and Sinopec". Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 13, n.º 5-6 (8 de octubre de 2014): 588–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341319.
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This article uses the case of Ghana to provide insight into the policies and strategies used by, as well as the cooperation between, Chinese state actors in their quest for natural resources in Africa. In 2007, Ghana discovered commercial quantities of oil. While the so-called Jubilee oilfield was initially divided amongst primarily Western oil companies, in 2010 the China National Offshore Oil Corporation partnered with Ghana’s national oil company to try and purchase a stake in Jubilee. Although this bid was rejected, later that year a second Chinese state-owned oil company, Sinopec, was able to access Ghana’s oil indirectly through an offtaker agreement, linked to a $3 billion dollar loan provided by the state-owned China Development Bank. The article uses these two cases to examine the level of coordination between the strategies of Chinese state actors in their attempts to access African natural resources. It shows that China’s national oil companies and policy banks operate in increasingly autonomous ways. This goes against the developmental state thesis, which argues that the Chinese state has full control over the overseas activities of its state actors. The article also shows that national political institutions in Africa can make use of and are able to influence Chinese resource deals, countering the notion of African passivity.
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Abalo, Emmanuel Mawuli, Prince Peprah, Julius Nyonyo, Rita Ampomah-Sarpong y Williams Agyemang-Duah. "A Review of the Triple Gains of Waste and the Way Forward for Ghana". Journal of Renewable Energy 2018 (27 de mayo de 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9737683.
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The postcolonial waste management practices in Ghana have consistently been identified with the discarding and disposal of waste in open dumps, wetlands, and landfills. These practices have only contributed to the glaring poor sanitation in the cities of Ghana. Insignificant quantity of the waste generated ends up in recycling and/or composting units for reuse. Given the current growth of Ghana’s population, coupled with the emerging industrialisation, the country’s overdependence on hydropower for energy and natural resources for production alone is dangerous. This paper provides a holistic review of the gains from solid waste. The paper reaffirms that, through appropriate technologies, waste possesses the intrinsic potential to generate renewable energy, resources, and income. In recommending, the main objective of waste management practices in Ghana should be about exploring the economic potentials of waste. Thus, waste disposal should be the last resort, and not the first option in waste management practices in Ghana.
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Sarfo-Mensah, Paul, Akwasi Owusu-Bi, Samuel Awuah-Nyamekye y Steve Amisah. "Environmental Conservation and Preservation of Cultural Heritage". Worldviews 18, n.º 1 (26 de marzo de 2014): 30–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685357-01801003.
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Environmental conservation and preservation of religio-cultural heritage for tourism development in the Akyem Abuakwa Traditional Area in the Eastern Region of Ghana have been examined in this paper. The location has a rich blend of dramatic landscape, historic relics and traditional cultures. Five traditional divisions make up the traditional area and have magnificent renewable natural resources including forests, waterfalls, rivers, caves and a rich diversity of wildlife and sanctuaries that could be developed further into a tourism destination site for the benefit of the area, in particular, and the state as a whole. The area has a unique cultural heritage, with the chieftaincy institution remaining as the center piece. The annual festivals of the chiefs and people of the traditional area, especially the Odwira festival, are celebrated annually by the people, and this attracts a considerable number of people including foreign tourists to the area. A complex and interrelated combination of factors threatens the further development and conservation of the environmental and cultural heritage of the area for tourism. These threats arise mainly from anthropogenic factors such as farming, forest logging, and bush fires, but also from the weakening of traditional institutions and limited national governmental support. Population-related pressures on land and other natural resources have affected traditional natural resources management. Fallow periods have been reduced and continuous cropping has become common. The growing demand for land and the presence of migrants have extended agriculture to marginal lands, forest reserves and some sacred sites. A number of recommendations have been made to enhance the preservation of the local cultural heritage and environmental conservation. Capacity building, education and public awareness creation, dialogue among various religious groups, collaborative management of natural resources, training and provision of alternative livelihoods have been suggested as options to conserve environmental and cultural heritage to boost environmental conservation and tourism development in the Akyem Abuakwa Traditional Area.
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Attiogbe, Francis y Andrews Nkansah. "The Impact of Mining on the Water Resources in Ghana: Newmont Case Study at Birim North District (New Abirem)". Energy and Environment Research 7, n.º 2 (17 de octubre de 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v7n2p27.
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Mining activities accelerate the rate and degree of changes in the natural environment. These activities modify landscapes and can have long-term pollution impacts on communities and water resources due to their physical degrading nature, as well as their use of chemicals and other harmful substances. This study carried out by Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering of the University of Energy and Natural Resources therefore sought to assess the role of Newmont Akyem towards affecting the various water bodies in Akyem District. Qualitative and quantitative comparative methods were used for gathering data and performing analysis. The findings indicated that the physico-chemical parameters tested for the water bodies were all within the EPA, Ghana standards for drinking water except for the Pra River which recorded high levels of TSS indicating that there was, possibly, illegal mining activities upstream affecting the quality of the water. The study recommends that government provides both training and equipment to support small scale miners to avoid illegal mining. Also mining companies should contribute towards developing alternative livelihood for communities on whose lands they occupy. EPA should enforce environmental laws to protect the water bodies and the environment.
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Dapilah, Frederick, Jonas Østergaard Nielsen y Joseph Nyaaba Akongbangre. "Peri-urban transformation and shared natural resources: the case of shea trees depletion and livelihood in Wa municipality, Northwestern Ghana". African Geographical Review 38, n.º 4 (5 de julio de 2018): 374–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2018.1480395.
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Botchway, Thomas Prehi y Ishmael K. Hlovor. "Mitigating the Challenges Related to the Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in Ghana". Journal of Sustainable Development 12, n.º 3 (30 de mayo de 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n3p91.
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In our world today, the control over and the use of a country’s natural resources (and the biological diversity of which they are a part) usually present a lot of challenges for both policy makers and implementing agencies and institutions. These challenges range from weak institutional capacities and technocratic hurdles to opposition from local communities for whom policies may be meant for. However, if such challenges are effectively mitigated, large prospects usually associated with the sustainable use and management of these natural resources may be realised. In this article, based on intensive interview of experts and critical review of official reports and policy documents, we identify a number of challenges associated the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Ghana and recommend ways of addressing these challenges.
The study finds that there is usually a wide knowledge and information gap on issues related to biodiversity in Ghana. Moreover, there is inadequate funding which also leads to the inability to retain relevant experts. In addition, there is the complex nature of implementing multilateral environmental agreements in Ghana and the lack of adequate publicity on the essence of the CBD. Key among the recommendations we make are effectively engaging civil society organisations on issues of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development; the enhancement of Alternative Livelihood Projects (EnALPs); stringent enforcement of punitive and preventive measures and; the implementation of finance-generating biodiversity services.
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SUICH, HELEN. "The livelihood impacts of the Namibian community based natural resource management programme: a meta-synthesis". Environmental Conservation 37, n.º 1 (marzo de 2010): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000202.
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SUMMARYCommunity based natural resource management (CBNRM) programmes aim to achieve the joint objectives of biodiversity conservation and improved rural livelihoods by providing incentives to sustainably manage relevant resources. Since 1998, more than 50 natural resource management institutions, known as conservancies, have been established in order to manage wildlife resources, on communal lands in Namibia. The national programme is often cited as a CBNRM success; however, despite its rapid spread, there are few systematically collected or analysed household-level data which demonstrate the long-term ecological, social and economic impacts of Namibian programme. A meta-synthesis was undertaken to determine the range of positive and negative livelihood impacts resulting from CBNRM programme activities in two key regions, and the factors affecting how these impacts have been felt by households or individuals. Impacts were categorized according to any changes in access to and/or returns from the five key assets of the sustainable livelihoods framework, namely financial, human, natural, physical and social assets. Positive and negative impacts were felt on financial, human, natural and social assets; only positive impacts were identified as affecting physical assets. Individual- and household-level impacts differed depending on the specific activities implemented locally and, according to the duration, frequency and timing of the impacts, the circumstances and preferences of households and their access to particular activities and consequent impacts. If a greater understanding of the extent and importance of different impacts is to be gained in the future, more rigorous and comprehensive data collection and analysis will need to be undertaken. Analyses will need to consider the whole range of activities implemented, both the benefits and costs associated with these different activities, and will also need to provide contextual information to allow the relative importance of impacts resulting from CBNRM activities to be better understood.
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Oniki, Shunji, Melaku Berhe y Koichi Takenaka. "Efficiency Impact of the Communal Land Distribution Program in Northern Ethiopia". Sustainability 12, n.º 11 (29 de mayo de 2020): 4436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114436.
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A rapid increase in population in sub-Saharan Africa has caused a decrease in farm size, an increase in the number of landless farmers, and soil erosion in communal forests due to increasing utilization. Ethiopia has addressed this problem by introducing an epoch-making privatization policy for the allocation of communal land to landless farmers. This policy promotes the economic utilization of the communal land while protecting natural resources. Hitherto, few studies have evaluated the impact of the policy. We evaluate the effect of the communal land distribution policy for tree-planting using technical efficiency of farm production by estimating a stochastic production function model in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. We compare the technical efficiencies of farm production between both participating and nonparticipating farms in the program using a quasi-experimental method. The results reveal the improvement of technical efficiency through communal land distribution. Therefore, program activities could increase farm incomes while maintaining land conservation. Thus, the allocation of communal land promotes sustainable land utilization in the mountainous areas of sub-Saharan Africa.
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Amlor, Martin Q. y Matthew Q. Alidza. "Indigenous Education in Environmental Management and Conservation in Ghana: The Role of Folklore". Journal of Environment and Ecology 7, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jee.v7i1.9705.
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<p>Studies into indigenous knowledge of African societies and their eco-system<strong>,</strong> and complemented by western research findings in recent years, point to a common fact that there is a complex interrelation between humans, animals, plants and their physical environment For this reason, Ghanaian societies enforce cultural laws that ensure protection and management of their natural resources. Despite the merits associated with African endowed natural environments, it is scary to note that to date, Ghana still faces serious environmental threats among which are: deforestation, annual bushfires, illegal surface mining, poor farming practices, unconventional methods of dumping human/industrial wastes and pollution of water bodies. This paper therefore attempts to investigate the causes of environmental degradation in Ghana and demonstrate how the people’s folklore can contribute to ensuring a well-conserved environment that can benefit the country’s present and future generations. </p>
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Fujieda, Ayako y Hirohide Kobayashi. "The Potential of Fijian Traditional Housing to Cope with Natural Disasters in Rural Fiji". Journal of Disaster Research 8, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2013): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2013.p0018.
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Fiji is, as an island country in the Pacific Ocean widely recognized to be vulnerable to natural disasters due to its location and characteristics. Recent studies show the increasing emphasis on a capacity of disaster affected people and communities rather than their vulnerability and on what they can do for themselves. In the light of resilience, indigenous knowledge that has been generated and accumulated over years in adapting to the local environment has the potential to enhance the capacity of the local people to cope with natural disasters. Despite the increasing recognition of the advantages of such indigenous knowledge, its potential use in present day is little known. This paper explores the potential use of Fijian traditional housing as an alternative in restoring the living environment in rural Fiji where housing reconstruction depends heavily on the external assistance. Field study was carried out to understand current conditions and the potential of traditional housing construction in the modern context. Although traditional housings hardly exists in Fiji, field study results show the availability of natural resources, skills and knowledge, communal work and challenges in knowledge transfer and challenges brought by the life-style changes.
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Lemke, Stefanie y Priscilla Claeys. "Absent Voices: Women and Youth in Communal Land Governance. Reflections on Methods and Process from Exploratory Research in West and East Africa". Land 9, n.º 8 (10 de agosto de 2020): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9080266.
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An increasing number of African States are recognizing customary land tenure. Yet, there is a lack of research on how community rights are recognized in legal and policy frameworks, how they are implemented in practice, and how to include marginalized groups. In 2018–2019, we engaged in collaborative exploratory research on governing natural resources for food sovereignty with social movement networks, human rights lawyers and academics in West and East Africa. In this article, we reflect on the process and methods applied to identify research gaps and partners (i.e., two field visits and regional participatory workshops in Mali and Uganda), with a view to share lessons learned. In current debates on the recognition and protection of collective rights to land and resources, we found there is a need for more clarity and documentation, with customary land being privatized and norms rapidly changing. Further, the voices of women and youth are lacking in communal land governance. This process led to collaborative research with peasant and pastoralist organizations in Kenya, Tanzania, Mali and Guinea, with the aim to achieve greater self-determination and participation of women and youth in communal land governance, through capacity building, participatory research, horizontal dialogues and action for social change.
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L. Craig, John. "Managing bird populations: for whom and at what cost?" Pacific Conservation Biology 3, n.º 3 (1997): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970172.
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Conservation is a necessary component of sustainable development. Human activities have had and continue to have a negative effect on natural ecosystems. There is a need to move to a more co-operative, effective and accountable management of "communal resources" including fauna and flora. Many issues negatively influence the ability of conservation managers to perform well and for all stakeholders. Society's underlying philosophic and economic attitudes are important. Most contemporary Southern Hemisphere societies see nature as separate from people and manage with a welfare mentality. Most financial incentives favour degraders of natural values and penalize those who conserve or behave sustainably. The other major issue which precludes effective management is the approach of government managers. Performance tends to be patchy, unaccountable and often based on simplistic single factor notions. There appears to be a general failure to provide diversified products to different stakeholders. These issues with suggestions for improvement are discussed with special reference to the management of rare bird populations and of fire.
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Saija, Ronald, Fransiscus X. V. R. Letsoin, Rory Jeff Akyuwen y Pieter Radjawane. "Status Kepemilikan Hak Atas Tanah Adat Marga dalam Kebijakan Penataan Aset Reforma Agraria Di Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara". SASI 26, n.º 1 (19 de mayo de 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v26i1.246.
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Promulgation of Law Number 5 of 1960, brought its own consequences in terms of regulation of agrarian resources, including earth, water, space and natural resources contained therein. The ideals of the law in the realization of the objectives of the national agrarian law are realized in the form of the Agrarian Reform policy which is one of the ideals in the administration of President Joko Widodo. This policy was stated in the Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia Number IX / MPR / 2001 concerning Agrarian Reform and Natural Resource Management and followed up with the issuance of Presidential Regulation Number 86 of 2018 concerning Agrarian Reform. The Presidential Regulation regulates the determination of assets in the legalization of agrarian reform land object certificates. However, the problem is that it is feared that disputes and agrarian conflicts will arise in the right of recognition of the existence of communal rights for indigenous and tribal peoples explicitly mentioned in Ministerial Regulation ATR / Ka.BPN Number 10 of 2016, which seems to be no longer recognized by indigenous peoples in Indonesia. This paper is a legal research that uses the method of the statutory approach and conceptual approach that examines the recognition and use of customary land by using the norms contained in legislation. The results of this paper are directed to be able to provide clarity of legalization of customary community land as well as communal rights of indigenous and tribal peoples related to the issuance of Presidential Regulation Number 86 of 2018 which does not expressly state the position of indigenous peoples as the subject of policy arrangement on Agrarian Reform assets, so that the rights owned by marga indigenous and tribal peoples can be fought for.