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1
Estep, Christina Renee. "Modeling of the human head/neck system using rigid body dynamics". Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10062009-020148/.
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2
Saggu, Rajinder Kaur. "Effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on the neck and upper back musculoskeletal symptoms in an office worker". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96971.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aims: To assess the effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on the neck and upper back musculoskeletal symptoms in an office worker. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the ABC design. Ethics approval was obtained for the study and the participant provided informed written consent. The participant was assessed over three four week phases as she performed her habitual computer work. The outcome measures assessed during the three phases were the pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort. The three phases were named the baseline, intervention and wash-out phases. During the baseline phase, the outcome measures were obtained at the participant‟s habitual work station. The intervention phase involved a vertical adjustment of the chair and computer screen height. The wash-out phase allowed the participant to adjust the chair and computer screen height to their choice. A follow-up interview was conducted with the participant three months after completion of the study. The mean values and the ranges of the pain intensity and perceived comfort were obtained and compared. The data collected was captured on a Microsoft Excel 2010 spread sheet, where after the data was tabulated and presented graphically. Results: The mean pain intensity of the participant increased slightly during the intervention phase in comparison to the baseline phase, but remained stable during the wash-out phase. The mean perceived sitting comfort deteriorated initially during the intervention phase, but improved later during the intervention phase and showed greater improvement during the wash out phase. The perceived sitting comfort showed more improvement than the pain intensity during the washout phase. Both the pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort showed improvement at the three months follow up assessment, post completion of the study. Conclusion: The vertical height adjustment of the chair and the VDT did not improve the participant‟s pain intensity and perceived sitting comfort when compared to the participant‟s habitual workstation parameters. The findings do not favour the horizontal viewing angle. The findings of this study however support the use of „slightly below horizontal‟ viewing angle as being conducive to reduce the pain intensity and improve the sitting comfort of an office worker.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelstelling: Om die effek te bepaal van die hoogte aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm op die nek en bo-rug muskuloskeletale simptome van 'n kantoorwerker. Metodes: „n N=1 studie was uitgevoer deur gebruik te maak van die ABC ontwerp. Etiese goedkeuring was verkry vir die studie en die deelnemer het ingeligte skriftelike toestemming verleen. Die deelnemer was ge-evalueer oor drie vier week-lange fases terwyl sy haar gewone rekenaarwerk verrig het. Die uitkomsmetings ge-evalueer tydens die drie fases was pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak. Die drie fases was genoem die basislyn, intervensie en uitwas fases. Gedurende die basislyn fase was die uitkomsmetings by die deelnemer se gewone werkstasie ingevorder. Die intervensie fase het 'n vertikale aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm behels. Die uitwas fase het die deelnemer toegelaat om haar stoel en rekenaarskerm se hoogte aan te pas volgens haar keuse. 'n Opvolg onderhoud was gevoer met die deelnemer drie maande na die voltooiing van die studie. Die resultate was vasgelê op 'n Microsoft Excel 2010 data bladsy, waarna die data getabuleer en grafies uitgebeeld is. Resultate: Die gemiddelde pyn intensiteit van die deelnermer het effens toegeneem tydens die intervensie fase in vergelyking met die basislyn fase, maar het stabiel gebly tydens die uitwas fase. Die gemiddelde waargenome sitgemak het aanvanklik verswak tydens die intervensie fase, maar het later verbeter tydens die intervensie fase en het aangehou verbeter tydens die uitwas fase. Die waargenome sitgemak het groter verbetering getoon as die pyn intensiteit tydens die uitwas fase. Beide pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak het verbetering getoon by die drie maande opvolg evaluasie, na voltooiing van die studie. Gevolgtrekking. Die vertikale hoogte aanpassing van die stoel en rekenaarskerm het nie die deelnemer se pyn intensiteit en waargenome sitgemak in vergelyking met die deelnemer se gewone werkstasie parameters verbeter nie. Hierdie bevindinge is nie ten voordeel van die horisontale kykhoek nie. Nietemin, ondersteun die bevindinge van hierdie studie die gebruik van die "effens onder die horisontale" kykhoek as bevorderend om die pyn intensiteit te verminder en die sitgemak van 'n kantoorwerker te verbeter.
3
Van, Vledder Nicole. "An ergonomic intervention : the effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on musculoskeletal pain and sitting comfort in office workers". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96865.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aims: To assess the effect of a vertical height adjustment of the chair and visual display unit (VDU) on work related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain (WRUQMP) and sitting comfort in computer users. The upper quadrant refers to the occiput, cervical and upper thoracic spine including the clavicles and scapulae. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the ABC design whereby an ergonomic workstation adjustment, of VDU and chair height, was compared to the subject’s usual workstation settings. Pain and sitting comfort were measured using visual analogue scales (VAS). The subject was assessed over the four week phases as she performed her typical VDU work. The results were compiled and tabulated. Results: Both the mean and variance in pain intensity decreased after the workstation intervention. A deterioration was noted in sitting comfort. Conclusion: The vertical height adjustment of the chair and VDU may have contributed to a decrease in WRUQMP in this subject. This safe, economical workstation intervention may be a practical management option for the computer user suffering from WRUQMP. Further research into the measurement of comfort whilst sitting at a computer workstation, is recommended.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelwitte: Om die effek te bepaal van n vertikale aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm van rekenaargebruikers op werksverwandte boonste kwadrant muskuloskeletale pyn en sitgemak. Die boonste kwadrant verwys na die oksiput, servikale en boonste torakale werwelkolom en sluit ook die klavikel en skapula in. Methode: Die N=1 studie is onderneem met gebruik van die ABC ontwerp in terme waarvan n ergonomiese aanpassing van stoel en beeldskerm vergelyk is met die normale gebruik van die deelnemer. Pyn en sitgemak is gemeet deur die gebruik van die Visueel analoogskaal. Die interwensies is ge-evalueer oor vierweekfases tydens normale rekenaar gebruik van die deelnemer. Die resultate is saamgestel en getabuleer. Uitkoms: Beide die gemiddelde en veranderlike pynintensiteit het verminder nadat die werkstasie aangepas is. Geen verbetering in sitgemak is opgemerk nie. Gevolgtrekking: Die vertikale hoogte-aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm het moontlik bygedra tot die verminderde pynvlakke in hierdie deelnemer. Hierdie veilige, ekonomiese verstelling is moontlik n praktiese beheeropsie vir rekenaargebruikers wat werksverwandte boonste kwadrant muskuloskeletale pyn verduur. Verder studie in die meet en waarneming van sitgemak tydens rekenaarwerk is nodig.
4
Foster, Michele. "A window of opportunity : referral from acute care to rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16181.pdf.
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5
Schneider, Jillian Claire Zillmer Eric Moelter Stephen T. "Emotional sequelae of sports-related injuries : concussive and orthopedic injuries /". Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1115.
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6
Murnyack, Roberta Michelle. "Development of a three-dimensional finite element model of lateral controlled cortical impact injury in the rat with geometry from magnetic resonance imaging". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17058.
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7
Lin, Htein. "Causes and prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of school children aged 10-14 years in Maseru, Lesotho". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, etiology and types of injuries to permanent incisors among schoolchildren aged 10-14 years from Maseru, Lesotho. Upper and lower permanent incisors were examined for dental injuries.
8
Margand, Paul Marcus Buchanan. "Ultrastructural changes in electrically damaged x-enopus laevis sciatic nerve". Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2217.
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Electrical injury is known to alter the normal physiological function of nerves. In most cases, the change in function is only minor, but in severe instances the physiological function may be lost entirely. The changes in function involve the ability of the nerve to transmit an impulse, which is a function of the nerve's ability to create and maintain an electrical gradient across its membrane. When the nerve is exposed to an electrical current, the ability to maintain an electrical gradient across the membrane is reduced or lost. This change may be transient or permanent. The changes in the gradient hinder the nerve from propagating the impulse, which is the means of information transfer to and from the CNS (central nervous system). Due to the manner in which human victims are typically exposed to an electric shock, the peripheral axons usually display the greatest change in physiological function.
9
Ackermann, Tessa Ruth. "Minor "dings" - major effects? a study into the cognitive effects of mild head injuries in high school rugby". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002429.
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The present study is part of a larger and ongoing research initiative investigating the cumulative cognitive effects of mild head injury in rugby union and focused specifically on high school rugby players. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to top team high school rugby players (n = 47), and a non-contact sport control group of top team high school hockey players (n = 34). Direct comparisons of group mean scores and standard deviations across each neuropsychological test were carried out for the Total Rugby group versus the Total Hockey group as well as for the subgroups Rugby Forwards versus Rugby Backs. A correlational analysis was conducted to ascertain whether a relationship exists between the number of mild head injuries reported by the players and their cognitive test performance. Results of the group comparisons of means and variability on WMS Paired Associate Learning Hard Pairs - Delayed Recall provides tentative indications of the initial stages of diffuse damage associated with mild head injury in the rugby group and provides some evidence for impairment of verbal learning and memory in the Rugby Forwards group. The correlational analysis revealed no significant relationship between number of reported mild head injuries and cognitive performance. The findings and possible latent effects of the multiple mild head injuries reported by the rugby players are discussed in terms of brain reserve capacity theory and suggestions for future research are provided.
10
Scholtz, Hendrik Johannes. "Fatal penetrating injuries of the chest". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26781.
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In the Republic of South Africa, an autopsy is required in all cases of unnatural death, or in cases where the cause of death is unknown in terms of the Inquest Act of 1959. These are performed at the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory by Forensic Pathologists and Registrars of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of the University of Cape Town. The Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory serves the greater Cape Town area with a population of approximately 2,5 million, including the magisterial districts of Cape Town, Wynberg, Mitchell's Plain and Simonstown. Cape Town has one of the world's highest homicide rates and in 1986 the incidence was 56, 91 100000 population per annum. In contrast, Singapore has a homicide rate of only 2, 5/100 000, while the United States has an overall homicide rate of 7,7/ 100 000 population. In order to document the true impact of penetrating chest injuries, and to place mortality data in perspective, a retrospective descriptive study of all cases with fatal penetrating chest injuries admitted to the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory in Cape Town during 1990 was undertaken. In 1990, a total of 5 758 cases was admitted to the Salt River Medicolegal Laboratory of which 1834 cases (39%) were the result of homicide. Of the homicide cases, 408 (22%) were the result of firearm injuries. A total of 2044 (35, 5%) cases admitted was deemed to have died of natural causes. This study identified a total of 841 cases of fatal penetrating injuries of the chest admitted during 1990, which constituted 22,6% of all non-natural cases admitted.
11
Ottosson, Carin. "Somato-psycho-social aspects of recovery after traffic injuries /". Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-721-9/.
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12
Hudson, Diana Stark. "Immersion- and recreationalboating related injuries in Alaska /". Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-454-6/.
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13
Springer, H. Keo. "The development and validation of an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17859.
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14
Oompie, Ferdinand Musawenkosi. "The role of computerised tomographic angiograms (CTA) and lateral neck radiographs in penetrating neck oesophageal injuries". Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30812.
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Background
South Africa has a high rate of injuries related to violence which includes penetrating neck injuries (PNI’s). Of the 163 patients that are annually referred for contrast swallow studies to exclude associated pharyngo-oesophageal injuries (PPOI’s), only 0-14% contrast studies confirm injury. The contrast swallow is still viewed as the ‘gold standard’ for oesophageal pathology even in the modern era of digital general radiography and Multidetector Computerized Tomographic Angiogram (MDCTA). This procedure is however time consuming and requires good cooperation, sometimes from acutely ill patients which is not always possible. This contributes to delay in final management of the patient which is the most significant contributor to associated complications. The study reviewed whether the less time-consuming MDCTA’s and lateral soft tissue radiographs usually performed before the contrast swallow studies can also be used to diagnose POI’s. This will reduce dependence and possibly exclude the contrast swallow study, thus reducing the time delay in POI pre-operative investigations.
Methods
A retrospective review was undertaken of the radiological findings of all patients who presented at Groote Schuur Hospital over a 28-month period with suspected penetrating neck injuries and were investigated with a contrast swallow, MDCTA and lateral soft tissue radiograph. The time interval between request of the contrast swallow study and the final report was calculated as the difference in the time indicated on the Groote Schuur Hospital Philips Extended Internet Radiology Information System (XIRIS) by the requesting clinician and the time indicated on the radiology report after completion of the study on the Philips Picture Archiving and Communicating System (PACS).
Results
Of the 389 patients referred, 153 patients met the study criteria. Fourteen patients (9%) had PPOI’s on contrast swallow. The majority of the patients with PPOI’s had prevertebral air (12; sensitivity of 85.7%), however a majority of patients with prevertebral air had no POI’s (90; specificity of 35.3%). In 28 MDCTA’s where there was suspicion of PPOI’s, six contrast swallows confirmed oesophageal leaks (42.9% sensitivity). Although there was no suspicion of PPOI’S in 125 patients undergoing MDCTA’s, eight were found to be positive for leaks on contrast swallow (84.2% specificity). The mean time interval between request of the contrast swallow study and final report was 586 minutes.
Conclusion
Contrast swallow remains the gold ‘standard’ for diagnosing PPOI’s in patients with PNI’s. The lateral soft tissue radiograph was unreliable in predicting POI’s with a low specificity of 35%. MDCTA’s was also not contributory in assisting diagnoses of PPOI’s with a low sensitivity of 43%. The two modalities can thus not be considered as augmentation or alternative diagnostic modalities. The time delay between the request and reporting of the contrast swallow is longer than that in literature and needs improvement.
15
Tjell, Carsten. "Diagnostic considerations on whiplash associated disorders /". Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3139-9/.
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16
Ou, Jingxing. "Chronic wound state associated with cytoskeletal defects and exacerbated by oxidative stress in Pax6+/- aniridia-related keratopathy". Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25200.
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17
Willemse, Hermanus Barend. "A strategy to facilitate renewed resilience to re-establish meaning for persons with spinal cord injuries". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008119.
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Census estimates in 2010 indicated that 6,3 percent South Africans aged 5 years and older are currently classified as disabled in five of the nine provinces in the country. The national figure for 2005 was 5 percent, with the figure for females (6,5 percent) slightly higher than that for males (6,1percent). Spinal cord injured persons and their significant others experience a range of emotions which affect their relationships with themselves, others and their environment. To deal with the life-changing consequences of the injury and regain control, these persons not only require a variety of coping strategies but rediscovery of resilience is inevitable if the experience of personal purpose and meaningful existence is ever to be regained. In the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipal area, Port Elizabeth, South Africa – the geographical area in which this research study was undertaken - persons with spinal cord injuries have many challenges to face due to the shortcomings the existing resource for health care delivery in the post-discharge phase. The research objectives identified for the study were, firstly, to explore and describe the lived experiences of persons with spinal cord injuries; secondly, to explore and describe the lived experiences of the significant others of persons with spinal cord injuries; and thirdly, to develop a strategy to guide the professional nurse and the health care team in facilitating the health care of persons with spinal cord injuries. The study was a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, and contextual method of inquiry. The data obtained was used to formulate the strategy with its three sub-strategies to guide professional nurses and the health care team to facilitate renewed resilience and the re-establishment of meaning for persons with spinal cord injuries. Although the experiences of the significant others were explored in order to thicken the description of the experiences of persons with spinal cord injuries, the strategy developed was limited to the persons with spinal cord injuries. Although it is well documented that there are significant physical needs, the themes that emerged from the current research mostly related to psychological and social aspects. In acknowledging the human being as unitary multi-dimensional being, the researcher in his discussions and quest to address the issue of renewed resilience in spinal cord injured persons towards finding purpose and re-establishing meaning in their lives, focused on their psychological, spiritual and social health. The outcome of the study is a strategy constructed to facilitate renewed resilience, and three sub-strategies ‘addressing experienced emotions’, ‘facilitating meaningful relationships’ and ‘facilitating effective coping’. The strategy has as purpose the empowering of spinal injured persons in their efforts to re-establish meaning by serving as a tool to guide professional nurses and members of the health care team in their facilitating of renewed resilience in persons with spinal cord injury. It is envisaged that the co-ordination of the strategy will take place from the health care delivery facility nearest to the spinal cord injured individual concerned. In order for persons with spinal cord injuries to become accountable members of society, all levels and aspects of care aimed at physical, psychological, spiritual and social well-being need to be holistically addressed. The front-line role of the professional nurse is vital as the professional nurse acts as the co-ordinator for the health care team in ensuring that persons with spinal cord injuries receive quality and holistic care in order to deal meaningfully with the life-altering consequences of a spinal cord injury. Through this study, valuable insight was gained with regard to experiences of both persons with spinal cord injuries and that of their significant others. Recommendations were made for nursing practice, nursing education and nursing research.
18
Cogger, Naomi. "Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries in two- and three-year-old Australian Thoroughbred racehorses". University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1611.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThe aim of this research was to describe the epidemiology of musculoskeletal (MS) injuries in two- and three-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses. A 27 month longitudinal study commencing in May 2000 was conducted. The study convenience sampled 14 trainers with facilities at metropolitan and provincial racetracks in New South Wales, Australia. In the 2000/01 and 2001/02 racing season, 323 and 128 two-year-olds, respectively, were enrolled in the study. The 451 Thoroughbred horses contributed, 1, 272 preparations and 78, 154 training days to the study. Of the 323 horses enrolled in the 2000/01 racing season, 219 contributed three-year-old data to the study. During the study period 8%, of training days had missing training data and 3% of the 1, 986 starts in the races or barrier trials were incorrectly recorded. The rate of incorrect entries varied with both study month and trainer. Similarly, the rate of training days with missing data varied between trainers and with study month. Four hundred and twenty-eight MS injuries were recorded in association with 395 preparations in 248 two- and three-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses. The IR for all categories of MS injuries, except for tendon and ligament injuries, were higher in twoyear- olds than three-year-olds, although the differences were only significant for shin soreness. Seventy-eight percent of horses enrolled in the study started, in a barrier trial or race, within one year on entering the study. After accounting for other confounders, horses that had sustained a MS injury were 0.50 times less likely to start, in a race or trial, race than those that did not sustain an injury. Seventy percent of horses returned to training after their first MS injury, and the cumulative percentage of these horses that had recovered within six months of the initial MS injury was 55%. After adjusting for clustering at the level of the trainer, the analysis showed that horses that exercised at a gallop pace ≥ 890 m/minute (but had not started in a race) prior to the onset of MS injury, were 2.14 times more likely to recover than horses whose maximum speed, prior to the onset of the first MS injury, was less than 890 m/minute. Similarly, horses that had started in a race or barrier trial were 4.01 times more likely to recover than horses whose maximum speed was less than 890 m/minute. 8 Training days were grouped into units referred to as preparations. A preparation began on the day that the horse was enrolled in the study, or when a horse returned to training after an absence of more than seven days from the stable. The preparation continued until the horse was lost to follow-up or left the stable for a period of more than seven consecutive days. Univariable and multivariable analytical methods were used to examine the association between a range of independent variables and four preparationlevel measures of performance: (i) the duration of preparations, (ii) length of time from the beginning of the preparation until the first start in a race or barrier trial, (iii) length of time from the first start until the end of the preparation and (iv) rate of starts in races or barrier trials. After adjusting for confounders, younger horses tended to have shorter preparations, took longer to start in a race or barrier trial, had a shorter interval from the first start to the end of the preparation and fewer starts per 100 training days. MS injury was not conditionally associated with any of the outcomes considered in this chapter. Multivariate statistical models were used to explore risk factors for MS injuries. The results suggest that MS injuries involving structures in the lower forelimb (carpus to fetlock inclusive) could be reduced by limiting exposure to high-speed exercise. This supports the proposition that training injuries are caused by the accumulation of micro damage. The results suggest there are a number of other factors that vary at the trainer level that may be risk factors for injuries, in particular joint injuries. These include unmeasured variables such as the rate of increase in distance galloped at high-speed, conformation of the horse, skill of the riders and farrier and veterinary involvement.
19
Dakin, Stephanie Georgina. "The role of prostaglandins in equine tendinopathy". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572458.
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20
Strout, Teresa J. "Malingering of mild closed head injury sequelae with the neuropsychological symptom inventory : a study of the effect of prior knowledge". Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1063204.
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Clinical neuropsychologists who assess patients following mild closed head injury (CHI) are often asked to offer an opinion whether there is evidence of malingering. Factors that impact the ability of a person to intentionally portray impairment are quite important since mis-diagnosis of malingering can result in delayed treatment. In this study knowledge of the sequelae of mild CHI was provided to normal college students in an effort to change reporting of symptoms and influence the type of malingering strategy used when completing the Neuropsychological Symptom Inventory (NSI). Subjects were randomly assigned to either a prior knowledge malingering group (PK;N=57), no prior knowledge malingering group (NPK;N=58), or control group (CON;N=61). The results showed that PK subjects endorsed more general and attention/concentration symptoms than NPK or CON subjects. The results also showed PK subjects were as likely to be detected by the NSI lie scale as NPK subjects. Thus, the NSI lie scale demonstrated sensitivity to malingering despite subjects having brief instruction about mild CHI. Also, having prior knowledge did not result in significantly different strategies when completing the NSI. Instead, both malingering groups reportedly used exaggeration and attempted to be consistent as frequent strategies.Department of Educational Psychology
21
Granger, Nicolas. "Effects of intraspinal transplantation of mucosal olfactory ensheathing cells in chronic spinal cord injury in domestic dogs". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608161.
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22
Häggman, Henrikson Birgitta. "Neck function in rhythmic jaw activities /". Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-359.
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23
Aniruth, Sunildutt. "Maxillofacial fractures in children attending the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The literature shows that maxillofacial fractures in children are uncommon. Although the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Faculty of Dentistry, of the University of the Western Cape, has been providing a service to the Red Cross Children&rsquos Hospital (RXH) for the past twenty years, no study had been undertaken to determine the age, gender, number of patients per year, aetiology, patterns, and management of maxillofacial fractures at this institution. A retrospective records based study was undertaken to determine these features. This study accessed the records of patients seen at the trauma unit at RXH, from 1994 to 2003 inclusive, and referred for maxillofacial attention.
One-hundred-and-five patient records were obtained and analyzed using the SPSS statistic package. One-hundred-and-twenty-seven fractures were recorded in one hundred and five patients. The age of the patients ranged from one to thirteen. Sixty-five male and forty female patients were seen. Dentoalveolar fractures were the most common fracture seen in both the midface and mandible. Midface fractures were more common than mandibular fractures. Falls, followed by motor vehicle accidents, were the most common cause of facial fractures. Most fractures were successfully managed by closed procedures. At this institution, nasal and frontal fractures have surprisingly little or no input from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
24
Scarvell, Jennifer. "Kinematics and degenerative change in ligament-injured knees". University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4139.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThe aim of the work presented in this thesis was to examine the associations between the kinematics of the knee characterised by the tibiofemoral contact pattern, and degenerative change, in the context of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. While the natural history of degenerative change following knee injury is well understood, the role of kinematics in these changes is unclear. Kinematics of the knee has been described in a variety of ways, most commonly by describing motion according to the six degrees of freedom of the knee. The advantage of mapping the tibiofemoral contact pattern is that it describes events at the articular surface, important to degenerative change. It was hypothesised that the tibiofemoral contact pattern would be affected by injury to the knee. A model of ACL injury was chosen because the kinematics of the knee have been shown to be affected by ACL injury, and because the majority of chronic ACL-deficient knees develop osteoarthritis, the associations between kinematics and degenerative change could be explored. A technique of tibiofemoral contact pattern mapping was established using MRI, as a quantifiable measure of knee kinematics. The tibiofemoral contact pattern was recorded from 0º to 90º knee flexion while subjects performed a leg-press against a 150N load, using sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The technique was tested and found to be reliable, allowing a description of the tibiofemoral contact pattern in 12 healthy subjects. The tibiofemoral contact patterns of knee pathology were then examined in a series of studies of subjects at a variety of stages of chronicity of ligament injury and osteoarthritis. Twenty subjects with recent ACL injury, 23 subjects with chronic ACL deficiency of at least 10 years standing, and 14 subjects with established osteoarthritis of the knee were recruited. The 20 subjects with recent ACL injury were examined again at 12 weeks and 2 years following knee reconstruction. The tibiofemoral contact patterns were examined for each group of subjects and the associations between changes in the contact patterns and evidence of joint damage explored. Evidence of joint damage and severity of osteoarthritis were recorded from xrays, diagnostic MRI, operation reports and bone densitometry at the tibial and femoral condyles of the knee. Each of the three groups with knee pathology exhibited different characteristics in the tibiofemoral contact pattern, and these differences were associated with severity of joint damage and osteoarthritis. The recently ACL-injured knees demonstrated a tibiofemoral contact pattern that was posterior on the tibial plateau, particularly in the lateral compartment. Those with chronic ACL deficiency demonstrated differences in the contact pattern in the medial compartment, associated with severity of damage to the knee joint. Osteoarthritic knees showed reduced femoral roll back and longitudinal rotation that normally occur during knee flexion. Two years following knee reconstruction there was no difference between the contact pattern of the reconstructed and healthy contralateral knees. This technique of tibiofemoral contact pattern mapping is sensitive to the abnormal characteristics of kinematics in ligament injury and osteoarthritis. This is the first time the tibiofemoral contact characteristics of chronic ACL-deficient and osteoarthritis knees have been described and links examined between tibiofemoral contact patterns and degenerative change.
25
Tse, Yuen-kwan. "Impact of traumatic events on patients with physical injuries". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29759304.
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林玊玲 y Yuk-ling Lam. "Patterns of musculoskeletal injuries in collegiate dancers". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257264.
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Steele, Brian E. "Gender differences in the cutting maneuver in intercollegiate basketball". Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1125154.
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Female intercollegiate basketball players experience a three times greater rate of ACL injuries than their male counterparts. This investigation hypothesized that women and men perform the cutting maneuver differently with respect to ground reaction forces and knee range of motion.The subjects performed a ninety degree cut on a force platform while being video taped. The male subjects exhibited a 23.1 percent greater (p=.0167) knee flexion angle than did the female subjects. The female subjects exhibited a 25.5 percent greater (p=.0022) braking force than did the male subjects. The impact maximum was not statistically significant (p=.3290).The performance characteristics exhibited by the female subjects in this study would suggest that the cutting maneuver is more dangerous for female basketball player. Female athletes should be taught correct performance of the cutting maneuver. I addition to technique, strength training should be encouraged to develop a stronger secondary stabilization mechanism for the knee.School of Physical Education
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Kivioja, Jouko. "Patient-related aspects on WAD /". Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-956-0/.
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Beilinsohn, Taryn. "Cumulative mild head injury in rugby: a comparison of cognitive deficit and postconcussive symptomatology between schoolboy rugby players and non-contact sport controls". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002440.
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This study investigates the cumulative effects of concussive and subconcussive mild head injury on the cognitive functioning of schoolboy rugby players. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and a self-report postconcussive questionnaire were administered to top level schoolboy rugby players (n=47), and a non-contact sport control group of top level schoolboy hockey players (n=34). Group comparisons of the percentage of individuals with cognitive deficit were carried out between i) the schoolboy rugby and the schoolboy hockey players, ii) the rugby forward and the rugby backline players; iii) the rugby forward and the schoolboy hockey players and, iv) the rugby backline and the schoolboy hockey players. Results on the neuropsychological test battery did not provide any substantial evidence of a higher level of neuropsychological impairment in the rugby players relative to the control group, or in the rugby forward players relative to the rugby backline players. Results obtained on the postconcussive symptom questionnaire provided tentative indications that the rugby players do report a greater frequency of postconcussive symptomatology. The symptoms most frequently reported were being easily angered, memory problems, clumsy speech and sleep difficulties. It was hypothesized that the absence of cognitive impairment in the schoolboy rugby players compared with that noted for professional players was due to their younger age, relatively high IQ and education level and a less intensive level of physical participation in the sport, and hence less accumulated exposure to the game, thereby decreasing their exposure to mild head injuries. From a theoretical perspective, these pre-existing conditions were considered to act as protective factors against reductions in brain reserve capacity and concomitant susceptibility to the onset of neuropsychological dysfunction.
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Bold, Lisa Clare. "Cumulative mild head injury in contact sport: a comparison of the cognitive profiles of rugby players and non-contact sport controls with normative data". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002444.
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This study investigates the effects of cumulative mild head injury on the cognitive functioning of elite rugby players. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to top national (Springbok) rugby players (n=26), national Under 21 rugby players (n= 19), and a non-contact sport control group of national hockey players (n=21). The test results of the Total Rugby group (Springbok Rugby and Under 21 Rugby players), the Under 21 Rugby group, the hockey controls, and the Total Rugby and Under 21 Rugby forward and backline players respectively, were each compared with established normative data. Results showed significant differences in the direction of a poorer performance relative to the norms for the Total Rugby and Under 21 Rugby groups, and for the Total Rugby Forwards and Under 21 Rugby Forwards, on tests sensitive to the effects of diffuse brain damage. On the other hand, the Hockey Control group and the Total Rugby Backs and Under 21 Rugby Backs tended to perform within the normal range or better than the norm on some tests. These results confirm the hypothesis that rugby players, and the forward players in particular, are at risk of adverse cognitive effects consequent on cumulative mild head injury. The theoretical implications are that the aggregate effects of multiple exposures to mild head injuries in the rugby players served to reduce their brain reserve capacities and acted as a threshold-lowering influence associated with symptom onset.
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Border, Michael Anthony. "Heads and tales: the effect of mild head injuries of rugby players: cognitive deficit and postconcussive symptoms". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002446.
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This study investigated the cumulative effect of mild head injuries on rugby players. A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered and subjects completed a self-report postconcussive symptom questionnaire. Data were collected for the two rugby groups, Springbok rugby players (n = 26) and Under 21 rugby players (n = 19), and for the control group, national hockey players (n = 21). Group comparisons of the percentage of individuals with deficit or self-reported symptomatology were made between: (i) the contact sport groups and the control group; (ii) the forwards and the backs within each rugby group and the rugby forwards and the control group; and (iii) the Springbok and Under 21 rugby players. Broadly speaking, comparative results on the neuropsychological tests and the self-reported postconcussive symptoms clearly distinguished between contact sport players and non-contact sport players and indicated the presence of diffuse brain damage in the contact sport players. There was also clear evidence of positional variation within the rugby groups, with the forwards (more full contact positions) most susceptible to impairment. Neuropsychological test results revealed deficit in information processing speed, attention and concentration, mental flexibility, visual memory and verbal new learning. The most significant neuropsychiatric complaints were reported in the areas of memory, social contact, sensitivity to noise, lowered frustration tolerance, anxiety and worry, and depression. The most sensitive neuropsychological test used in the present study was the Digit Symbol Substitution test. This test clearly distinguished contact sport players from non-contact sport players, and forwards from backs.
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Zoccola, Diana. "Neurocognitive effects of head and body collisions on club level rugby union players". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016397.
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The objective of the study was to investigate the cumulative neurocognitive effects of repetitive concussive and subconcussive events in club level Rugby Union (hereafter rugby) during the course of one rugby season, in a combined group and individualized case-based approach. Amateur adult club level rugby players (n = 20) were compared with a non-contact control group (n = 22) of equivalent age, years of education and estimated IQ (p = > .05, in all instances), although the two groups were clearly differentiated on the basis of a history of reported concussions (p = < .05). Video analyses documented the tackling maneuvers observed amongst the players during all matches across the rugby season revealing a sobering average of more than a thousand tackles per player, excluding any contact practice sessions. Five rugby players (n = 5) who were observed to have a head jarring event were also isolated for individualized postconcussive follow-up analysis of their neurocognitive profiles. Measures included the ImPACT Verbal and Visual Memory, Visual Motor Speed and Reaction Time composites and the Purdue Pegboard. Independent and dependent statistical analyses were employed to compare the rugby versus control group neurocognitive test profiles at and between the three test intervals. Correlational analyses explored the association between concussion, tackling and neurocognitive test outcomes. Descriptive comparisons of individual neurocognitive test scores with normative data were employed for the case analyses. Taken together, the results implicated vulnerability amongst club rugby players on the motor and speeded tasks, with less robust indications on the memory tasks. While limited in terms of its small sample size, it is considered that the outcome of the study was rendered more robust by virtue of being methodologically multifaceted with heuristic implications for future research studies in the area. The novel inclusion of tackling data as well as fine-tuned case analyses, were of particular relevance in that regard. The results add to a growing body of literature that implicates deleterious neurocognitive effects in participants of a sport such as rugby due to repetitive head jarring incidents that are intrinsic to the game.
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Made, Curt. "Alpine ski sport injuries in Swedish Lapland". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå university, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-27706.
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Stroup, Elizabeth Suzanne. "Locus of control, awareness of deficit, and employment outcomes following vocational rehabilitation in individuals with a traumatic brain injury". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/NQ41362.pdf.
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Watts, Russell Edward. "Evaluation of DETA as a surface treatment to enhance neuronal attachment to a silicone-based substrate". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16905.
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Wren, Amanda D. "Pharmacological studies on the actions of endothelins in endothelial repair in vitro". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363301.
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Plunkett, Castilla Brittany M. "Upper Body Posture and Pain in Division I Female Volleyball and Softball Athletes". PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2536.
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Participation in athletics is a popular pastime and form of entertainment. Children often begin to specialize in one sport at a young age in an effort to excel, which increases physical stress and the potential for injuries. Athletes participating in overhead sports are at increased risk of upper body chronic injuries, in part because the shoulder is an unstable hypermobile joint. Posture may also be affected in these athletes because of the demands placed on the upper body. The purpose of this study was to measure the upper body posture in a sample of Division I collegiate volleyball and softball athletes to investigate the prevalence of postural abnormalities and their relationship to pain or injury.
Twenty-one Division I collegiate female athletes (seven volleyball; fourteen softball) who participated in their sport during the fall 2014 to spring 2015 seasons were studied. Athletes completed a pain and injury questionnaire, after which individual upper body posture measurements were made. Measurements included resting bilateral scapula position, head position, and shoulder position. An iPad mini camera was used with a commercial application (PostureCo, Inc.) to perform a photographic plumb line posture assessment with photographs taken in anterior, posterior, and lateral views.
Posture analysis revealed a high prevalence (85.7 %) of forward head posture in this sample. Forward shoulder was noted in 42.9 % of the athletes and abnormal horizontal scapula position appeared to occur more frequently in the dominant arm (71.4 %) than in the non-dominant arm (47.6 %). Chi square tests determined that there was no statistically significant relationship between posture abnormalities and self-reported pain in this group of athletes. Results of this study -- although preliminary -- should be used to inform future research to investigate potential relationships between posture and pain/injury in overhead athletes.
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Aderem, Jodi. "The biomechanical risk factors associated with preventing and managing iliotibial band syndrome in runners : a systematic review". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96803.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS), an overuse injury, is the second most common running injury and the main cause of lateral knee pain in runners. Due to the increasing number of runners worldwide there has been an increase in its occurrence. Runners with ITBS typically experience symptoms just after heel strike at approximately 20°-30° of knee flexion (impingement zone) during the stance phase of running. A variety of intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors may be responsible for why some runners are more prone to developing symptoms during the impingement zone as opposed to others. Abnormalities in running biomechanics is an intrinsic risk factor which has been most extensively described in literature but little is known about its exact relationship to ITBS. Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to provide an up to date evidence synthesis of the biomechanical risk factors associated with ITBS. These risk factors may need to be considered in the prevention or management of ITBS in runners. A clinical algorithm is also presented. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, PEDro, SPORTSDisc and Scopus of literature published up-until May 2014. Cross-sectional and cohort studies were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated the lower limb biomechanics of runners with ITBS or those who went onto developing it. All studies included in the review were methodologically appraised. Evidence was graded according to the level of evidence, consistency of evidence and the clinical impact. Data was described narratively using tables or narrative summaries where appropriate. A meta-analysis was conducted for biomechanical risk factors which were reported in at least two studies, provided that homogeneity in the outcomes and samples were present. Results: A total of 11 studies were included (1 prospective and 10 cross-sectional). Overall the methodological score of the studies was moderate. Increased peak hip adduction and knee internal rotation during the stance phase may predict the development of ITBS in female runners. These biomechanical risk factors may need to be screened for ITBS prevention, despite the evidence base being limited to a single study. Currently there is no conclusive evidence that any of the biomechanical parameters need to be considered when managing runners with ITBS. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za iii Conclusion: Biomechanical differences may exist between runners with ITBS and those who may develop ITBS compared to healthy runners. Although a large variety of biomechanical risk factors were evaluated, the evidence base for screening or managing these risk factors for runners with ITBS is limited. This is due to a small evidence base, small clinical effect and heterogeneity between study outcomes and findings. Further prospective and cross-sectional research is required to ascertain if abnormalities in running biomechanics may be related to why runners develop ITBS or to ascertain which risk factors may be involved when managing these runners.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Iliotibiale-band-sindroom (ITBS), ’n besering vanweë oormatige gebruik, is die tweede algemeenste hardloopbesering en die hoofoorsaak van laterale kniepyn by hardlopers. Namate die getal hardlopers wêreldwyd toeneem, neem die voorkoms van hierdie toestand ook toe. Hardlopers met ITBS ervaar tipies simptome ná die hakslag met die knie ongeveer 20-30° gebuig (die wrywingsone of “impingement zone”) gedurende die staanfase van hardloop. Verskeie intrinsieke en ekstrinsieke risikofaktore kan ’n rol speel in waarom sommige hardlopers meer geneig is as ander om gedurende die wrywingsone simptome te ervaar. Abnormaliteite in hardloopbiomeganika is ’n intrinsieke risikofaktor wat reeds omvattend in die literatuur beskryf is. Tog is weinig bekend oor presies hoe dit met ITBS verband hou. Oogmerke: Die doel van hierdie stelselmatige ondersoek was om ’n sintese te bied van die jongste bewyse van die biomeganiese risikofaktore van ITBS. Hierdie risikofaktore kan dalk oorweeg word om ITBS by hardlopers te voorkom of te bestuur. ’n Kliniese algoritme word ook aangebied. Metodes: ’n Stelselmatige ondersoek is met behulp van meta-ontleding onderneem. PubMed, PEDro, SPORTSDisc en Scopus is elektronies deurgesoek vir literatuur wat tot en met Mei 2014 verskyn het. Deursnee en kohortstudies is ingesluit indien dit gehandel het oor die biomeganika in die onderste ledemate van hardlopers wat ITBS het of later ontwikkel het. Alle studies wat deel was van die ondersoek is metodologies geëvalueer. Bewyse is aan die hand van bewysvlak, bewyskonsekwentheid en kliniese impak beoordeel. Data is narratief beskryf met behulp van tabelle of narratiewe opsommings waar dit toepaslik was. ’n Meta-ontleding is onderneem waar biomeganiese risikofaktore in minstens twee studies aangemeld is, mits daar homogeniteit in die uitkomste sowel as die steekproewe was. Resultate: Altesaam 11 studies is ingesluit (een prospektief en tien deursnee). Die metodologiese telling van die studies was oorwegend gemiddeld. Verhoogde spitsheupadduksie en interne knierotasie gedurende die staanfase kan op die ontwikkeling van ITBS by vrouehardlopers dui. Hierdie biomeganiese risikofaktore kan dalk nagegaan word vir ITBS-voorkoming, al was die bewysbasis beperk tot ’n enkele studie. Daar is tans geen afdoende bewys dat enige van die biomeganiese parameters oorweeg behoort te word in die bestuur van langafstandatlete met ITBS nie. Gevolgtrekking: Daar bestaan dalk biomeganiese verskille tussen hardlopers wat ITBS het of kan ontwikkel en gesonde hardlopers. Hoewel ’n groot verskeidenheid biomeganiese risikofaktore beoordeel is, is die bewysbasis vir die toets of bestuur daarvan by atlete met ITBS beperk. Dít is vanweë die klein hoeveelheid bewyse, die klein kliniese impak, en heterogeniteit tussen studie-uitkomste en bevindinge. Verdere prospektiewe en deursneenavorsing word vereis om te bepaal of abnormaliteite in hardloopbiomeganika ’n rol kan speel in waarom langafstandhardlopers ITBS ontwikkel, of om vas te stel watter risikofaktore ter sprake kan wees in die bestuur van hierdie hardlopers.
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Brown, Lisa Gill. "Effect of repeated eccentric demands placed on the lower limb musculature during simulated Rugby Union play". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005192.
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Epidemiological studies consistently report that muscular strains are a primary injury type in rugby union with the majority of the strains occurring to the quadricep and hamstring musculature. Recently it has been suggested that poor eccentric muscular strength is a precursor to hamstring and quadriceps strains during intermittent sports that require rapid acceleration and deceleration. Despite the high incidence of these muscle injuries in Rugby Union there has been little research into the possible mechanisms involved. Thus, the purpose of this study was to measure the physiological and perceptual responses during a simulated Rugby Union laboratory protocol and further, to identify changes in muscle recruitment patterns and muscle strength over time by comparing this protocol to a continuous, constant load protocol covering the same distance. The experimental condition (EXP) required university level players to perform 80 minutes of simulated rugby union play in a laboratory setting (on a walkway of 22m) which was compared to that of a control condition (CON) which involved subjects covering the same distance, at a constant speed of 4.2km.h-1 on a treadmill. Physiological, biophysical and perceptual responses were measured pre-, at half-time and post-protocol. Heart rate was significantly (p<0.01) greater as a result of EXP in comparison to the CON. Electromyography (EMG) of the vastus medialis was significantly (p<0.01) greater during the CON protocol. The EXP condition elicited higher iEMG activity in the hamstring musculature at all time intervals. In addition the iEMG of the semitendinosus decreased significantly (p<0.01) as a result of the EXP protocol. Peak eccentric knee extensors (EXT) (-13.19%) and flexors (FLEX) (-12.81%) torque decreased significantly during the experimental protocol. After passive half-time (236.67 + 56.27Nm (EXT) and 173.89 + 33.3NM (FLEX)) and at the end of the protocol (220.39 + 55.16Nm and 162.89 + 30.66Nm) reduced relative to pre protocol (253.89 + 54.54Nm and 186.83 + 33.3Nm). Peak eccentric knee extensors did not change during the control protocol. „Central‟ and ‟Local” Rating of Perceived Exertion values were significantly (P<0.01) greater during the EXP protocol with an increased incidence of hamstring discomfort and perceived pain (5 out of 10). The EXP protocol resulted in significantly (p<0.01) increased incidence of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). In conclusion, a stop-start laboratory protocol elicited increased heart rate, negatively impacted on muscle activity of the hamstrings, decreased eccentric strength in the lower limb musculature, resulted in increased ratings of „Central‟ and „Local‟ exertion and increased pain perception and increased incidence of DOMS. Thus, a stop-start rugby specific laboratory protocol has a negative impact on performance. Due to the specificity of the protocol being designed to match the demands of competitive match play it is expected that these changes in heart rate, muscle activity and strength, particularly eccentric strength, will impact negativity on performance during rugby match play and increase the likelihood of injury
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McFadyen, Susan Christiana. "ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES IN SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275471.
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Allsop, Li Li. "Investigating the prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders in relation to piano players' playing-techniques and practising strategies". University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0090.
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This study placed specific emphasis on the motor-skills and practice strategies employed by piano players when practising and performing in relation to playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs). The survey questionnaire-instrument was designed by the researcher to investigate the prevalence of PRMDs among both professional and non-professional piano players. Five hundred and five respondents completed the self-administered survey questionnaire. Out of the total 505 participants, 42% of the players reported PRMDs. The professional players (72%) reported a significantly higher incidence (p < 0.05) of PRMDs in comparison with the non-professional group. The professional players with piano as their major instrument, using predominantly neutral wrist posture (i.e., open-kinetic chain playing technique), reported a significantly higher incidence of PRMDs. Although the present study showed a greater number of years of playing was associated with greater risk of PRMDs, the result also showed that the years of playing had no significant effect on the incidence of PRMDs (p > .05) when it was analyzed with the practice hours within seven days. Moreover, analyzing the practice hours over seven days with the piano major/non-major instrument, the various grade levels and PRMDs; the results showed that the practice hours had no significant effect on the groups with and without PRMDs (p > .05). Although women reported a significantly higher percentage of PRMDs (p < 0.05) than men, there was no significant association between the groups with and without PRMDs when analyzing practice hours over seven days by grade levels and gender. The PRMDs seem to arise when overuse is compounded by misuse and/or adverse playing conditions. The best and safest practice would be to minimize consumption of musculoskeletal force production and combine this with effective practice-breaks between sessions to achieve the optimum goal of daily practice. Keywords: hand injury, PRMDs, wrist pain, hand-span size, playing-technique, and piano player.
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Rauh, Mitchell John Dale. "An epidemiological investigation of injuries among high school cross country runners /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10900.
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Moore, Leah Kathryn. "Neuronal viability and biochemical alterations after mechanical stretch injury: ban in vitro model of traumatic brain injury-induced neourodegeneration". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5362.
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Pereira, Bruno Monteiro Tavares 1977. "Trauma cardíaco penetrante : experiência de 20 anos em um hospital universitário = Penetrating cardiac trauma : 20-y experience from a university teaching hospital". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312673.
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Orientador: Gustavo Pereira FragaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T03:18:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_BrunoMonteiroTavares_D.pdf: 9308561 bytes, checksum: d9bbcf8aaa7de38fba06e5228f9dccd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Introdução: Trauma penetrante é atualmente a principal causa de trauma cardíaco. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever e comparar as variáveis entre os pacientes com trauma cardíaco penetrante nos últimos 20 anos em um hospital universitário identificando fatores de risco para morbidade e mortalidade. Métodos: Revisão de dados de registro de trauma, seguido por análise estatística descritiva comparando os períodos 1990 a 1999 (grupo 1 , 54 casos) e 2000 a 2009 (grupo 2, 39 casos). Foram registrados dados clínicos no momento da internação hospitalar, o Índice de Gravidade da Lesão (ISS), Escala de Coma de Glasgow (GCS), e o Escore de Trauma Revisado (RTS). Resultados: A incidência de ferimentos cardíacos penetrantes foram constantes dentro do período de estudo. Os dois grupos foram semelhantes quanto à idade, mecanismo de trauma (ferimento por projétil de arma de fogo ou branca) e ISS. Grupo 1 apresentou menor pressão arterial sistólica na admissão (média de 87 contra 109 mmHg), menor GCS (12,9 vs. 14,1), RTS mais baixo (6,4 vs. 7,3), maior incidência de lesões cardíacas graus IV e V (74% vs. 48,7%), e foram menos propensos a sobreviver (0,83 contra 0,93). O principal fator de risco para o óbito foi ferimento por projétil de arma de fogo (13 vezes maior do que por arma branca), pressão arterial sistólica <90 mm Hg , GCS <8 , RTS <7,84 , lesões associadas, lesões grau IV e V e ISS >25. Observou-se uma tendência na redução de mortalidade de 20,3% para 10,3% durante o período de observação. Conclusões: Foram identificados vários fatores associados à mortalidade e morbidade. Na última década, os pacientes foram admitidos em melhor condição fisiológica, talvez refletindo uma melhora no tratamento pré-hospitalar. Observou-se uma tendência para uma menor taxa de mortalidade
Abstract: Background: Penetrating traumas, including gunshot and stab wounds, are the major causes of cardiac trauma. Our aim was to describe and compare the variables between patients with penetrating cardiac trauma in the past 20 years in a university hospital, identifying risk factors for morbidity and death. Methods: Review of trauma registry data followed by descriptive statistical analysis comparing the periods 1990 to 1999 (group 1, 54 cases) and 2000 to 2009 (group 2, 39 cases). Clinical data at hospital admission, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and Revised Trauma Score (RTS) were recorded. Results: The incidences of penetrating cardiac injuries were steady within the period of study in the chosen metropolitan area. The two groups were similar regarding age, mechanism of trauma (gunshot stab), and ISS. Group 1 showed lower systolic blood pressure at admission (mean 87 versus 109 mm Hg), lower GCS (12.9 versus 14.1), lower RTS (6.4 versus 7.3), higher incidence of grade IV and V cardiac lesions (74% versus 48.7%), and were less likely to survive (0.83 versus 0.93). The major risk factor for death was gunshot wound (13 times higher than stab wound), systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg, GCS <8, RTS <7.84, associated injuries, grade IV and V injury, and ISS >25. We observed a tendency in mortality reduction from 20.3% to 10.3% within the period of observation. Conclusions: Several associated factors for mortality and morbidity were identified. In the last decade, patients were admitted in better physiological condition, perhaps reflecting an improvement on pre-hospital treatment. We observed a trend toward a lower mortality rate
Doutorado
Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica
Doutor em Ciências
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Gaitelband, Philip Joseph. "An analysis of the experience of the acute phase of traumatic spinal cord injury in a South African spinal unit". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002487.
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This study aims to explore, and to a certain extent to clarify, what it means psychologically to experience Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in a South African spinal unit. The target time chosen for analysis is the acute medical period. The study presents a review of the literature on psychological adjustment to TSCI and then proceeds to introduce and extensively articulate the hermeneutic approach and methodology. Subsequently, an interpretive research strategy is presented for the purpose of studying the acute phase of TSCI. The data for the study was obtained by means of three dialogical interviews which were tape recorded, transcribed and analyzed with~n a cyclical framework consisting of three interdependent levels. The interpretive procedure is modeled upon the 'reading guide' developed by Brown, Tappan, Gilligan, Miller and Argyris (1989). The analysis follows a course from the individual psychological descriptions of the experience to the generation of a general, nomothetic narrative account of the acute phase. The findings are then discussed in relation to the existing literature and evaluated on the basis of the goals of the study. The study highlights the value of some of the 'stage' ways of thinking about SCI adjustment, while simultaneously stressing the need for placing adjustment within a more personalized, and individually meaningful context. Significant differences between the psycho-physical experiences of patients in the categories of complete and -incomplete SCI were found, which suggests that a sharper distinction be made in the literature between these two groups, in order to account for the marked variations in their experiences.-- The study also contains a number of shortcomings, such as a lack of understanding about certain historical and contextual factors which may have mediated the experiences of the trauma for the individuals concerned. These shortcomings and some suggestions fro their resolution are then discussed. The study concludes with an evaluation of the research strategy and methodology and also offers some suggestions for future research.
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Whitefield, Victoria Jane. ""Glory is temporary, brain injury may be forever" : a neuropsychological study on the cumulative effects of sports-related concussive brain injury amongst Grade 12 school boy athletes". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004471.
Texto completoResumen
The study investigated the long-term neuropsychological effects of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) due to participation in a contact sport amongst South African final year male high school athletes (N=189). The sample was divided by sports affiliation (Contact n = 115; Non-Contact n = 74) and concussion history (2+ Concussion n = 43; 0 Concussion n = 108). Comparative subgroups were statistically equivalent for age, education and estimated IQ (P > 0.05), with the Contact sport groups having markedly higher incidences of concussion than controls (p < 0.000). Measures included the ImPACT Verbal and Visual Memory, Visuomotor Speed and Reaction Time Composites, Digit Symbol Substitution and Digit Symbol Incidental Recall (immediate and delayed), the ImPACT Symptom Scale and a Post-concussion Symptom (PCS) questionnaire. Independent t-tests on cognitive measures at pre-and post-season revealed a predominant trend of Contact and 2+ Concussion groups performing worse, although only ImPACT Reaction Time at pre-season reached significance (p = 0.014). PCS comparisons revealed an overwhelming tendency of enhanced symptoms for Contact and 2+ Concussion groups with total scores being significantly different in most instances at pre-and post-season. Fatigue and aggression were the symptoms most pervasively high for the Contact and 2+ Concussion groups. Dependent t-test analyses at pre- versus post-season, revealed significant practice effects for the Contact group, not in evidence for controls on ImPACT Visual Motor Speed and Digit Symbol Incidental Recall-Delayed. Overall the results imply the possible presence of lingering neurocognitive and symptomatic concussion sequelae amongst South African final year high school participants of a contact sport. The indications gain potency when understood against the background of (i) Brain Reserve Capacity threshold theory, and (ii) the known risk of Type II error in group MTBI research, that might result in under-emphasis of subtle effects and miscalculation of cost-benefit risks. Clinical implications, and the need for prospective case-based research to ratify the results of this predominantly cross-sectional study, are discussed.
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McLoughlin, Justin. "A novel in vitro shear device for inducing high strain rate deformation on neural cell cultures". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16011.
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Leung, Ka-kit Gilberto y 梁嘉傑. "Applications of self-assembling peptide nanofibre scaffold and mesenchymal stem cell graft in surgery-induced brain injury". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206347.
Texto completoResumen
Surgery-induced brain injury (SBI) refers to trauma caused by routine neurosurgical procedures that may result in post-operative complications and neurological deficits. Unlike accidental trauma, SBI is potentially subject to preemptive interventions at the time of surgery. SBI can cause bleeding, inflammation and the formation of tissue gaps. Conventional haemostatic techniques, though effective, are not necessarily conducive to healing. Inflammation and the absence of extracellular matrix in tissue gaps also hinder regeneration after SBI. This study investigated the applications of RADA16-I, a type I self-assembling peptide nanofibre scaffold (SAPNS), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of SBI. Using animal SBI models, treatments were applied immediately and locally onto the operative fields, taking advantages of the haemostatic and cell-carrying properties of RADA16-I, the immune- modulatory effects of MSCs, and the earliest available therapeutic window for SBI.
There were three objectives. Objective 1 was to compare RADA16-I with conventional haemostatic methods, including electrocautery and fibrin sealant, in their effects on the brain’s acute cellular inflammatory response. The hypothesis was that RADA16-I would cause the same or a lesser degree of inflammation. This study showed that RADA16-I was superior to electrocautery, and was noninferior to conventional topical haemostats.
Objective 2 was to study the in vitro expansion of MSCs within RADA16-I in preparation for in vivo transplantation. The hypothesis was that the in vitro survival of MSCs would vary between different RADA16-I concentrations and culturing methods. This study showed that plating MSCs onto pre-buffered RADA16-I would protect the cells against RADA16-I’s intrinsic acidity and result in better initial survival. Subsequent integration with the RADA16-I hydrogel, however, was poor. Mixing the cells directly with RADA16-I caused initial cell loss but allowed better integration. RADA16-I at lower concentrations resulted in better survival but also more fragile hydrogels that were mechanically unfit for transplantation. Mixing MSCs with 0.5% RADA16-I for seven days represented a compromise between these competing factors.
Objective 3 was to study the in vivo effects of a MSC-RADA16-I implant on tissue reactions after SBI. The hypothesis was that the combinatorial therapy would result in less cellular inflammatory response than MSC alone or RADA16-I alone. Implants of pre-buffered 0.5% RADA16-I hydrogel, with or without cells, were found to cause less inflammation than control. MSCs in free suspension resulted in significantly more pronounced inflammation than when carried in RADA16-I. Supplementing RADA16-I with MSCs, however, did not confer additional benefit over RADA16-I alone.
The present study provided new preclinical evidence to support future clinical testing of RADA16-I as a novel surgical haemostat. It also demonstrated the feasibility of early intracerebral transplantation of RADA16-I hydrogel in the treatment of SBI. Whether RADA16-I and/or transplanted MSCs could modulate the brain’s inflammatory response after SBI require further investigations, which may include the search for the optimal ex vivo expansion technique and specifically tailored nanofibre scaffold. The translational applications of these findings would include the treatment of SBI over critical brain regions where trauma would cause severe functional deficits and where better healing would facilitate patient recovery.published_or_final_version
Anatomy
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Corletto, Federico. "Role of the HIF system in brain injury". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609260.
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Helmy, Adel Ezzat. "Neuro-inflammation in traumatic brain injury". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610114.
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