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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Neuronal communication; Synapses"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 7 de febrero de 2022

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1

Yang, Xiaojuan, and Wim Annaert. "The Nanoscopic Organization of Synapse Structures: A Common Basis for Cell Communication." Membranes 11, no. 4 (2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11040248.

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Synapse structures, including neuronal and immunological synapses, can be seen as the plasma membrane contact sites between two individual cells where information is transmitted from one cell to the other. The distance between the two plasma membranes is only a few tens of nanometers, but these areas are densely populated with functionally different proteins, including adhesion proteins, receptors, and transporters. The narrow space between the two plasma membranes has been a barrier for resolving the synaptic architecture due to the diffraction limit in conventional microscopy (~250 nm). Vari
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2

HABER, MICHAEL, and KEITH K. MURAI. "Reshaping neuron–glial communication at hippocampal synapses." Neuron Glia Biology 2, no. 1 (2005): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740925x06000032.

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Neuron–glial interactions in the nervous system are of fundamental importance to many processes including neural migration, axon guidance, myelination and synaptic transmission. At synapses in the CNS, the physiological and structural relationship between neurons and astrocytes is particularly complex. The juxtaposition of astrocytic membranes with presynaptic and postsynaptic elements is important for regulating synaptic transmission and plasticity. Recent investigations demonstrate that the morphology of both neuronal and glial components show rapid, continuous structural remodeling in the h
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3

Sherwood, Chet C., Sarah B. Miller, Molly Karl, et al. "Invariant Synapse Density and Neuronal Connectivity Scaling in Primate Neocortical Evolution." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 10 (2020): 5604–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa149.

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Abstract Synapses are involved in the communication of information from one neuron to another. However, a systematic analysis of synapse density in the neocortex from a diversity of species is lacking, limiting what can be understood about the evolution of this fundamental aspect of brain structure. To address this, we quantified synapse density in supragranular layers II–III and infragranular layers V–VI from primary visual cortex and inferior temporal cortex in a sample of 25 species of primates, including humans. We found that synapse densities were relatively constant across these levels o
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4

Robinson, Cristina M., Mikin R. Patel, and Donna J. Webb. "Super resolution microscopy is poised to reveal new insights into the formation and maturation of dendritic spines." F1000Research 5 (June 22, 2016): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8649.1.

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Dendritic spines and synapses are critical for neuronal communication, and they are perturbed in many neurological disorders; however, the study of these structures in living cells has been hindered by their small size. Super resolution microscopy, unlike conventional light microscopy, is diffraction unlimited and thus is well suited for imaging small structures, such as dendritic spines and synapses. Super resolution microscopy has already revealed important new information about spine and synapse morphology, actin remodeling, and nanodomain composition in both healthy cells and diseased stat
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5

Alfsen, Annette, Huifeng Yu, Aude Magérus-Chatinet, Alain Schmitt, and Morgane Bomsel. "HIV-1-infected Blood Mononuclear Cells Form an Integrin- and Agrin-dependent Viral Synapse to Induce Efficient HIV-1 Transcytosis across Epithelial Cell Monolayer." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 9 (2005): 4267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-03-0192.

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The heparan sulfate proteoglycan agrin and adhesion molecules are key players in the formation of neuronal and immune synapses that evolved for efficient communication at the sites of cell-cell contact. Transcytosis of infectious virus across epithelial cells upon contact between HIV-1-infected cells and the mucosal pole of the epithelial cells is one mechanism for HIV-1 entry at mucosal sites. In contrast, transcytosis of cell-free HIV-1 is not efficient. A synapse between HIV-1-infected cells and the mucosal epithelial surface that resembles neuronal and immune synapses is visualized by elec
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6

Torres, Viviana I., Daniela Vallejo, and Nibaldo C. Inestrosa. "Emerging Synaptic Molecules as Candidates in the Etiology of Neurological Disorders." Neural Plasticity 2017 (2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8081758.

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Synapses are complex structures that allow communication between neurons in the central nervous system. Studies conducted in vertebrate and invertebrate models have contributed to the knowledge of the function of synaptic proteins. The functional synapse requires numerous protein complexes with specialized functions that are regulated in space and time to allow synaptic plasticity. However, their interplay during neuronal development, learning, and memory is poorly understood. Accumulating evidence links synapse proteins to neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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7

Duman, Joseph G., Yen-Kuei Tu, and Kimberley F. Tolias. "Emerging Roles of BAI Adhesion-GPCRs in Synapse Development and Plasticity." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8301737.

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Synapses mediate communication between neurons and enable the brain to change in response to experience, which is essential for learning and memory. The sites of most excitatory synapses in the brain, dendritic spines, undergo rapid remodeling that is important for neural circuit formation and synaptic plasticity. Abnormalities in synapse and spine formation and plasticity are associated with a broad range of brain disorders, including intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and schizophrenia. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms that regulate these neuronal processes is critic
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8

Nanclares, Carmen, Andres Mateo Baraibar, Alfonso Araque, and Paulo Kofuji. "Dysregulation of Astrocyte–Neuronal Communication in Alzheimer’s Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (2021): 7887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157887.

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Recent studies implicate astrocytes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, their role in pathogenesis is poorly understood. Astrocytes have well-established functions in supportive functions such as extracellular ionic homeostasis, structural support, and neurovascular coupling. However, emerging research on astrocytic function in the healthy brain also indicates their role in regulating synaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability via the release of neuroactive substances named gliotransmitters. Here, we review how this “active” role of astrocytes at synapses could contribute to synaptic and
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9

Lalo, Ulyana, Jemma Andrew, Oleg Palygin, and Yuriy Pankratov. "Ca2+-dependent modulation of GABAA and NMDA receptors by extracellular ATP: implication for function of tripartite synapse." Biochemical Society Transactions 37, no. 6 (2009): 1407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0371407.

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The importance of communication between neuronal and glial cells for brain function is recognized by a modern concept of ‘tripartite synapse’. Astrocytes enwrap synapses and can modulate their activity by releasing gliotransmitters such as ATP, glutamate and D-serine. One of the regulatory pathways in the tripartite synapse is mediated by P2X purinoreceptors. Release of ATP from synaptic terminals and astrocytes activates Ca2+ influx via P2X purinoreceptors which co-localize with NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptors and can modulate their activity via intracellu
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10

Venkataramani, Varun, Dimitar Tanev, Christopher Strahle, et al. "TMIC-27. GLUTAMATERGIC NEURON-GLIOMA SYNAPSES DRIVE BRAIN TUMOUR PROGRESSION." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (2019): vi253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.1061.

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Abstract A network of communicating tumour cells established by tumour microtubes (TMs) is supposed to mediate relevant aspects of progression and resistance of incurable gliomas. Moreover, neuronal activity has been shown to foster malignant behavior of glioma cells by non-synaptic paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. Here, we report an unexpected direct communication channel between neurons and glioma cells in multiple disease models as well as in astrocytomas and glioblastomas (GBs) of adult patients: functional bona fide chemical synapses formed between presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic
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11

Cijsouw, Tony, Austin Ramsey, TuKiet Lam, Beatrice Carbone, Thomas Blanpied, and Thomas Biederer. "Mapping the Proteome of the Synaptic Cleft through Proximity Labeling Reveals New Cleft Proteins." Proteomes 6, no. 4 (2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proteomes6040048.

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Synapses are specialized neuronal cell-cell contacts that underlie network communication in the mammalian brain. Across neuronal populations and circuits, a diverse set of synapses is utilized, and they differ in their molecular composition to enable heterogenous connectivity patterns and functions. In addition to pre- and post-synaptic specializations, the synaptic cleft is now understood to be an integral compartment of synapses that contributes to their structural and functional organization. Aiming to map the cleft proteome, this study applied a peroxidase-mediated proximity labeling appro
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12

Ryan, Timothy A. "Optical Mesurements of Presynaptic Function: What Keeps Vesicle Traffic Going." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 1020–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600025228.

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The nervous system has evolved to make use of a variety of mechanisms that allow information to flow and be processed among a large collection of individual cells. The communication between individual brain cells occurs largely at chemical synapses. In these compartments, chemical messengers are packaged into small vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane upon stimulation, releasing neurotransmitter.. The average total number of synaptic vesicles in a typical central nervous system synapse is only a few hundred and as a result an efficient local recycling mechanism operates in order to replen
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13

ELMARIAH, SARINA B., ETHAN G. HUGHES, EUN JOO OH, and RITA J. BALICE-GORDON. "Neurotrophin signaling among neurons and glia during formation of tripartite synapses." Neuron Glia Biology 1, no. 4 (2004): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740925x05000189.

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Synapse formation in the CNS is a complex process that involves the dynamic interplay of numerous signals exchanged between pre- and postsynaptic neurons as well as perisynaptic glia. Members of the neurotrophin family, which are widely expressed in the developing and mature CNS and are well-known for their roles in promoting neuronal survival and differentiation, have emerged as key synaptic modulators. However, the mechanisms by which neurotrophins modulate synapse formation and function are poorly understood. Here, we summarize our work on the role of neurotrophins in synaptogenesis in the
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14

Rela, L., and L. Szczupak. "In Situ Characterization of a Rectifying Electrical Junction." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 2 (2007): 1405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00973.2006.

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Electrical synapses play significant roles in neural processing in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. The view of electrical synapses as plain bidirectional intercellular channels represents a partial picture because rectifying electrical synapses expand the complexity in the communication capabilities of neurons. Rectification derives, mostly, from the sensitivity of electrical junctions to the transjunctional potential ( Vj) across the coupled cells. We analyzed the characteristics of this sensitivity and their effect on neuronal signaling, studying rectifying junctions present in
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15

Bou-Flores, Céline, and Albert J. Berger. "Gap Junctions and Inhibitory Synapses Modulate Inspiratory Motoneuron Synchronization." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 4 (2001): 1543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.4.1543.

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Interneuronal electrical coupling via gap junctions and chemical synaptic inhibitory transmission are known to have roles in the generation and synchronization of activity in neuronal networks. Uncertainty exists regarding the roles of these two modes of interneuronal communication in the central respiratory rhythm-generating system. To assess their roles, we performed studies on both the neonatal mouse medullary slice and en bloc brain stem-spinal cord preparations where rhythmic inspiratory motor activity can readily be recorded from both hypoglossal and phrenic nerve roots. The rhythmic ins
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16

Matamales, Miriam. "Neuronal activity-regulated gene transcription: how are distant synaptic signals conveyed to the nucleus?" F1000Research 1 (December 19, 2012): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.1-69.v1.

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Synaptic activity can trigger gene expression programs that are required for the stable change of neuronal properties, a process that is essential for learning and memory. Currently, it is still unclear how the stimulation of dendritic synapses can be coupled to transcription in the nucleus in a timely way given that large distances can separate these two cellular compartments. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to explain long distance communication between synapses and the nucleus, the possible co-existence of these models and their relevance in physiological conditions remain el
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17

Boué-Grabot, Eric, and Yuriy Pankratov. "Modulation of Central Synapses by Astrocyte-Released ATP and Postsynaptic P2X Receptors." Neural Plasticity 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9454275.

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Communication between neuronal and glial cells is important for neural plasticity. P2X receptors are ATP-gated cation channels widely expressed in the brain where they mediate action of extracellular ATP released by neurons and/or glia. Recent data show that postsynaptic P2X receptors underlie slow neuromodulatory actions rather than fast synaptic transmission at brain synapses. Here, we review these findings with a particular focus on the release of ATP by astrocytes and the diversity of postsynaptic P2X-mediated modulation of synaptic strength and plasticity in the CNS.
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18

Araque, Alfonso, and Marta Navarrete. "Glial cells in neuronal network function." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1551 (2010): 2375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0313.

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Numerous evidence demonstrates that astrocytes, a type of glial cell, are integral functional elements of the synapses, responding to neuronal activity and regulating synaptic transmission and plasticity. Consequently, they are actively involved in the processing, transfer and storage of information by the nervous system, which challenges the accepted paradigm that brain function results exclusively from neuronal network activity, and suggests that nervous system function actually arises from the activity of neuron–glia networks. Most of our knowledge of the properties and physiological conseq
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19

Quiñones-Frías, Mónica C., and J. Troy Littleton. "Function of Drosophila Synaptotagmins in membrane trafficking at synapses." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 78, no. 9 (2021): 4335–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-03788-9.

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AbstractThe Synaptotagmin (SYT) family of proteins play key roles in regulating membrane trafficking at neuronal synapses. Using both Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent interactions, several SYT isoforms participate in synchronous and asynchronous fusion of synaptic vesicles (SVs) while preventing spontaneous release that occurs in the absence of stimulation. Changes in the function or abundance of the SYT1 and SYT7 isoforms alter the number and route by which SVs fuse at nerve terminals. Several SYT family members also regulate trafficking of other subcellular organelles at synapses, includi
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20

Ehlers, Michael D. "Dendritic trafficking for neuronal growth and plasticity." Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 6 (2013): 1365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20130081.

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Among the largest cells in the body, neurons possess an immense surface area and intricate geometry that poses many unique cell biological challenges. This morphological complexity is critical for neural circuit formation and enables neurons to compartmentalize cell–cell communication and local intracellular signalling to a degree that surpasses other cell types. The adaptive plastic properties of neurons, synapses and circuits have been classically studied by measurement of electrophysiological properties, ionic conductances and excitability. Over the last 15 years, the field of synaptic and
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21

Zoidl, Georg R., and David C. Spray. "The Roles of Calmodulin and CaMKII in Cx36 Plasticity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (2021): 4473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094473.

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Anatomical and electrophysiological evidence that gap junctions and electrical coupling occur between neurons was initially confined to invertebrates and nonmammals and was thought to be a primitive form of synaptic transmission. More recent studies revealed that electrical communication is common in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), often coexisting with chemical synaptic transmission. The subsequent progress indicated that electrical synapses formed by the gap junction protein connexin-36 (Cx36) and its paralogs in nonmammals constitute vital elements in mammalian and fish synaptic
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22

Venkatesh, Humsa, Wade Morishita, Anna Geraghty, et al. "TMIC-18. ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT INTEGRATION OF GLIOMA THROUGH NEURON-GLIOMA SYNAPSES AND POTASSIUM CURRENTS." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (2019): vi251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.1052.

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Abstract High-grade gliomas are a lethal group of cancers whose progression is robustly regulated by neuronal activity. Activity-regulated release of growth factors into the tumor microenvironment represents part of the mechanism by which neuronal activity influences glioma growth, but this alone is insufficient to explain the magnitude of the effect that activity exerts on glioma progression. Here, we report that neuron-glioma interactions include electrochemical communication through both bona fide synapses and activity-dependent potassium flux. Single cell transcriptomic analyses revealed u
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23

Moroz, Leonid L., and Andrea B. Kohn. "Independent origins of neurons and synapses: insights from ctenophores." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1685 (2016): 20150041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0041.

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There is more than one way to develop neuronal complexity, and animals frequently use different molecular toolkits to achieve similar functional outcomes. Genomics and metabolomics data from basal metazoans suggest that neural signalling evolved independently in ctenophores and cnidarians/bilaterians. This polygenesis hypothesis explains the lack of pan-neuronal and pan-synaptic genes across metazoans, including remarkable examples of lineage-specific evolution of neurogenic and signalling molecules as well as synaptic components. Sponges and placozoans are two lineages without neural and musc
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24

Marza, E., and G. M. Lesa. "Polyunsaturated fatty acids and neurotransmission in Caenorhabditis elegans." Biochemical Society Transactions 34, no. 1 (2006): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0340077.

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Changes in PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) metabolism can cause mental retardation and cognitive impairment. However, it is still unclear why altered levels of PUFAs result in neuronal dysfunction. Recent studies on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans suggest that PUFA depletion may cause cognitive impairment by compromising communication among neurons. Pharmacological and electrophysiological experiments showed that animals devoid of most PUFAs release abnormally low levels of neurotransmitters. In addition, ultrastructural analysis revealed that synapses in these mutants are severely deple
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25

O'Brien, John, and Stewart A. Bloomfield. "Plasticity of Retinal Gap Junctions: Roles in Synaptic Physiology and Disease." Annual Review of Vision Science 4, no. 1 (2018): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034133.

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Electrical synaptic transmission via gap junctions underlies direct and rapid neuronal communication in the central nervous system. The diversity of functional roles played by electrical synapses is perhaps best exemplified in the vertebrate retina, in which gap junctions are expressed by each of the five major neuronal types. These junctions are highly plastic; they are dynamically regulated by ambient illumination and circadian rhythms acting through light-activated neuromodulators. The networks formed by electrically coupled neurons provide plastic, reconfigurable circuits positioned to pla
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26

Di Giaimo, Rossella, Eduardo Penna, Amelia Pizzella, Raffaella Cirillo, Carla Perrone-Capano, and Marianna Crispino. "Cross Talk at the Cytoskeleton–Plasma Membrane Interface: Impact on Neuronal Morphology and Functions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (2020): 9133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239133.

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The cytoskeleton and its associated proteins present at the plasma membrane not only determine the cell shape but also modulate important aspects of cell physiology such as intracellular transport including secretory and endocytic pathways. Continuous remodeling of the cell structure and intense communication with extracellular environment heavily depend on interactions between cytoskeletal elements and plasma membrane. This review focuses on the plasma membrane–cytoskeleton interface in neurons, with a special emphasis on the axon and nerve endings. We discuss the interaction between the cyto
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27

Camporesi, Elena, Johanna Nilsson, Ann Brinkmalm, et al. "Fluid Biomarkers for Synaptic Dysfunction and Loss." Biomarker Insights 15 (January 2020): 117727192095031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177271920950319.

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Synapses are the site for brain communication where information is transmitted between neurons and stored for memory formation. Synaptic degeneration is a global and early pathogenic event in neurodegenerative disorders with reduced levels of pre- and postsynaptic proteins being recognized as a core feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology. Together with AD, other neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders show altered synaptic homeostasis as an important pathogenic event, and due to that, they are commonly referred to as synaptopathies. The exact mechanisms of synapse dysfu
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28

Salmasi, Mehrdad, Martin Stemmler, Stefan Glasauer, and Alex Loebel. "Information Rate Analysis of a Synaptic Release Site Using a Two-State Model of Short-Term Depression." Neural Computation 29, no. 6 (2017): 1528–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00962.

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Synapses are the communication channels for information transfer between neurons; these are the points at which pulse-like signals are converted into the stochastic release of quantized amounts of chemical neurotransmitter. At many synapses, prior neuronal activity depletes synaptic resources, depressing subsequent responses of both spontaneous and spike-evoked releases. We analytically compute the information transmission rate of a synaptic release site, which we model as a binary asymmetric channel. Short-term depression is incorporated by assigning the channel a memory of depth one. A succe
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29

Davoine, Federico, and Sebastian Curti. "Response to coincident inputs in electrically coupled primary afferents is heterogeneous and is enhanced by H-current (IH) modulation." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 1 (2019): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00029.2019.

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Electrical synapses represent a widespread modality of interneuronal communication in the mammalian brain. These contacts, by lowering the effectiveness of random or temporally uncorrelated inputs, endow circuits of coupled neurons with the ability to selectively respond to simultaneous depolarizations. This mechanism may support coincidence detection, a property involved in sensory perception, organization of motor outputs, and improvement signal-to-noise ratio. While the role of electrical coupling is well established, little is known about the contribution of the cellular excitability and i
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30

Dargaei, Zahra, Dominic Standage, Christopher J. Groten, Gunnar Blohm, and Neil S. Magoski. "Ca2+-induced uncoupling of Aplysia bag cell neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 3 (2015): 808–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00603.2014.

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Electrical transmission is a dynamically regulated form of communication and key to synchronizing neuronal activity. The bag cell neurons of Aplysia are a group of electrically coupled neuroendocrine cells that initiate ovulation by secreting egg-laying hormone during a prolonged period of synchronous firing called the afterdischarge. Accompanying the afterdischarge is an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). We used whole cell recording from paired cultured bag cell neurons to demonstrate that electrical coupling is regulated by both Ca2+ and PKC. Elevat
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31

Bosiacki, Mateusz, Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska, Klaudyna Kojder, et al. "Perineuronal Nets and Their Role in Synaptic Homeostasis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 17 (2019): 4108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20174108.

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Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules that are released by neurons and glial cells form perineuronal nets (PNNs) and modulate many neuronal and glial functions. PNNs, whose structure is still not known in detail, surround cell bodies and dendrites, which leaves free space for synapses to come into contact. A reduction in the expression of many neuronal ECM components adversely affects processes that are associated with synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. At the same time, increased ECM activity, e.g., as a result of astrogliosis following brain damage or in neuroinflammation, can also ha
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32

Nutma, Erik, Démi van Gent, Sandra Amor, and Laura A. N. Peferoen. "Astrocyte and Oligodendrocyte Cross-Talk in the Central Nervous System." Cells 9, no. 3 (2020): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9030600.

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Over the last decade knowledge of the role of astrocytes in central nervous system (CNS) neuroinflammatory diseases has changed dramatically. Rather than playing a merely passive role in response to damage it is clear that astrocytes actively maintain CNS homeostasis by influencing pH, ion and water balance, the plasticity of neurotransmitters and synapses, cerebral blood flow, and are important immune cells. During disease astrocytes become reactive and hypertrophic, a response that was long considered to be pathogenic. However, recent studies reveal that astrocytes also have a strong tissue
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33

Yang, Y., V. Venkataramani, M. Schubert, et al. "P13.01 Neuronal activity drives distinct invasion modes of glioma cells." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_2 (2021): ii32—ii33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab180.112.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Gliomas are incurable brain tumors characterized by their infiltrative growth which makes them a whole-brain disease. Previously we described membrane protrusions called tumor microtubes (TMs), and glutamatergic synapses between neurons and glioma cells, as mechanisms contributing to glioma cell invasion and tumor progression. However, the interrelation of the two, and the exact mechanisms of glioma cell dynamics over time was unknown. Therefore, we investigate neuronal synaptic input on TM-associated glioma cell motility. MATERIAL AND METHODS Here we established a novel wo
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34

Araque, Alfonso. "Astrocytes process synaptic information." Neuron Glia Biology 4, no. 1 (2008): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740925x09000064.

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Astrocytes were classically considered as simple supportive cells for neurons without a significant role in information processing by the nervous system. However, considerable amounts of evidence obtained by several groups during the past years demonstrated the existence of a bidirectional communication between astrocytes and neurons, which prompted a re-examination of the role of astrocytes in the physiology of the nervous system. While neurons base their excitability on electrical signals generated across the membrane, astrocytes base their cellular excitability on variations of the Ca2+ con
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35

Koehler, Raymond C., Debebe Gebremedhin, and David R. Harder. "Role of astrocytes in cerebrovascular regulation." Journal of Applied Physiology 100, no. 1 (2006): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00938.2005.

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Astrocytes send processes to synapses and blood vessels, communicate with other astrocytes through gap junctions and by release of ATP, and thus are an integral component of the neurovascular unit. Electrical field stimulations in brain slices demonstrate an increase in intracellular calcium in astrocyte cell bodies transmitted to perivascular end-feet, followed by a decrease in vascular smooth muscle calcium oscillations and arteriolar dilation. The increase in astrocyte calcium after neuronal activation is mediated, in part, by activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors. Calcium signalin
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36

Durand, Dominique M., Eun-Hyoung Park, and Alicia L. Jensen. "Potassium diffusive coupling in neural networks." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1551 (2010): 2347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0050.

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Conventional neural networks are characterized by many neurons coupled together through synapses. The activity, synchronization, plasticity and excitability of the network are then controlled by its synaptic connectivity. Neurons are surrounded by an extracellular space whereby fluctuations in specific ionic concentration can modulate neuronal excitability. Extracellular concentrations of potassium ([K + ] o ) can generate neuronal hyperexcitability. Yet, after many years of research, it is still unknown whether an elevation of potassium is the cause or the result of the generation, propagatio
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37

Gambrill, Abigail C., Regina L. Faulkner, and Hollis T. Cline. "Experience-dependent plasticity of excitatory and inhibitory intertectal inputs in Xenopus tadpoles." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 5 (2016): 2281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00611.2016.

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Communication between optic tecta/superior colliculi is thought to be required for sensorimotor behaviors by comparing inputs across the midline; however, the development of and the role of visual experience in the function and plasticity of intertectal connections are unclear. We combined neuronal labeling, in vivo time-lapse imaging, and electrophysiology to characterize the structural and functional development of intertectal axons and synapses in Xenopus tadpole optic tectum. We find that intertectal connections are established early during optic tectal circuit development. We determined t
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38

Vargová, Lýdia, and Eva Syková. "Astrocytes and extracellular matrix in extrasynaptic volume transmission." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1654 (2014): 20130608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0608.

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Volume transmission is a form of intercellular communication that does not require synapses; it is based on the diffusion of neuroactive substances across the brain extracellular space (ECS) and their binding to extrasynaptic high-affinity receptors on neurons or glia. Extracellular diffusion is restricted by the limited volume of the ECS, which is described by the ECS volume fraction α , and the presence of diffusion barriers, reflected by tortuosity λ , that are created, for example, by fine astrocytic processes or extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Organized astrocytic processes, ECM sca
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39

Jeong, Jin Kwon, Liisa A. Tremere, Michael J. Ryave, Victor C. Vuong, and Raphael Pinaud. "Anatomical and Functional Organization of Inhibitory Circuits in the Songbird Auditory Forebrain." Journal of Experimental Neuroscience 2 (January 2009): 117906950900200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/117906950900200101.

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Recent studies on the anatomical and functional organization of GABAergic networks in central auditory circuits of the zebra finch have highlighted the strong impact of inhibitory mechanisms on both the central encoding and processing of acoustic information in a vocal learning species. Most of this work has focused on the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM), a forebrain area postulated to be the songbird analogue of the mammalian auditory association cortex. NCM houses neurons with selective responses to conspecific songs and is a site thought to house auditory memories required for vocal learning
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40

Dantzer, Robert. "Neuroimmune Interactions: From the Brain to the Immune System and Vice Versa." Physiological Reviews 98, no. 1 (2018): 477–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00039.2016.

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Because of the compartmentalization of disciplines that shaped the academic landscape of biology and biomedical sciences in the past, physiological systems have long been studied in isolation from each other. This has particularly been the case for the immune system. As a consequence of its ties with pathology and microbiology, immunology as a discipline has largely grown independently of physiology. Accordingly, it has taken a long time for immunologists to accept the concept that the immune system is not self-regulated but functions in close association with the nervous system. These associa
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41

Reuveni, Iris, and Edi Barkai. "Tune it in: mechanisms and computational significance of neuron-autonomous plasticity." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 4 (2018): 1781–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00102.2018.

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The activity of a neural network is a result of synaptic signals that convey the communication between neurons and neuron-based intrinsic currents that determine the neuron’s input-output transfer function. Ample studies have demonstrated that cell-based excitability, and in particular intrinsic excitability, is modulated by learning and that these modifications play a key role in learning-related behavioral changes. The field of cell-based plasticity is largely growing, and it entails numerous experimental findings that demonstrate a large diversity of currents that are affected by learning.
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42

Zhou, Zhen-Yu, Qun-Fang Wan, Pratima Thakur, and Ruth Heidelberger. "Capacitance Measurements in the Mouse Rod Bipolar Cell Identify a Pool of Releasable Synaptic Vesicles." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 5 (2006): 2539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00688.2006.

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The mouse is an important model system for understanding the molecular basis of neuronal signaling and diseases of synaptic communication. However, the best-characterized retinal ribbon-style synapses are those of nonmammalian vertebrates. To remedy this situation, we asked whether it would be feasible to track synaptic vesicle dynamics in the isolated mouse rod bipolar cell using time-resolved capacitance measurements. The results demonstrate that membrane depolarization triggered an increase in membrane capacitance that was Ca2+ dependent and restricted to the synaptic compartment, consisten
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43

Степанов, С. С., И. П. Кошман, А. Ю. Шоронова, et al. "The structural base for changes in the interneuronal communication of CA3 neurons in the hippocampus of white rats after severe traumatic brain injury." Zhurnal «Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental`naia terapiia», no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/0031-2991.2021.01.22-34.

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Цель - изучение пирамидных нейронов поля СА3 гиппокампа белых крыс в динамике после тяжелой черепно-мозговой травмы (ТЧМТ). Методы. ТЧМТ моделировали под наркозом с помощью свободно падающего груза массой 200-250 г с высоты 50 см на теменно-затылочную область. Гиппокамп изучали в контроле (n=5), через 1, 3, 5, 7 и 14 сут после ТЧМТ (n=25). Общую оценку состояния нейронов поля СА3 проводили на препаратах окрашенных гематоксилином-эозином, численную плотность нейронов - при окраске по Нисслю, цитоскелет нейронов изучали с помощью реакции иммунотипирования нейрон-специфического структурного белка
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44

YANG, ZHIJUN, KATHERINE L. CAMERON, ALAN F. MURRAY, and VASIN BOONSOBHAK. "AN ADAPTIVE VISUAL NEURONAL MODEL IMPLEMENTING COMPETITIVE, TEMPORALLY ASYMMETRIC HEBBIAN LEARNING." International Journal of Neural Systems 16, no. 03 (2006): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065706000573.

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A novel depth-from-motion vision model based on leaky integrate-and-fire (I&F) neurons incorporates the implications of recent neurophysiological findings into an algorithm for object discovery and depth analysis. Pulse-coupled I&F neurons capture the edges in an optical flow field and the associated time of travel of those edges is encoded as the neuron parameters, mainly the time constant of the membrane potential and synaptic weight. Correlations between spikes and their timing thus code depth in the visual field. Neurons have multiple output synapses connecting to neighbouring neur
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45

Eyo, Ukpong B., and Long-Jun Wu. "Bidirectional Microglia-Neuron Communication in the Healthy Brain." Neural Plasticity 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/456857.

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Unlike other resident neural cells that are of neuroectodermal origin, microglia are resident neural cells of mesodermal origin. Traditionally recognized for their immune functions during disease, new roles are being attributed to these cells in the development and maintenance of the central nervous system (CNS) including specific communication with neurons. In this review, we highlight some of the recent findings on the bidirectional interaction between neurons and microglia. We discuss these interactions along two lines. First, we review data that suggest that microglial activity is modulate
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46

Cannon, Jonathan. "Analytical Calculation of Mutual Information between Weakly Coupled Poisson-Spiking Neurons in Models of Dynamically Gated Communication." Neural Computation 29, no. 1 (2017): 118–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00915.

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Mutual information is a commonly used measure of communication between neurons, but little theory exists describing the relationship between mutual information and the parameters of the underlying neuronal interaction. Such a theory could help us understand how specific physiological changes affect the capacity of neurons to synaptically communicate, and, in particular, they could help us characterize the mechanisms by which neuronal dynamics gate the flow of information in the brain. Here we study a pair of linear-nonlinear-Poisson neurons coupled by a weak synapse. We derive an analytical ex
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47

Mapelli, Jonathan, Daniela Gandolfi, Enrico Giuliani, et al. "The Effect of Desflurane on Neuronal Communication at a Central Synapse." PLOS ONE 10, no. 4 (2015): e0123534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123534.

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48

Jarabo, Patricia, Carmen de Pablo, Héctor Herranz, Francisco Antonio Martín, and Sergio Casas-Tintó. "Insulin signaling mediates neurodegeneration in glioma." Life Science Alliance 4, no. 3 (2021): e202000693. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202000693.

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Cell to cell communication facilitates tissue development and physiology. Under pathological conditions, brain tumors disrupt glia-neuron communication signals that in consequence, promote tumor expansion at the expense of surrounding healthy tissue. The glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and frequent primary brain tumors. This type of glioma expands and infiltrates into the brain, causing neuronal degeneration and neurological decay, among other symptoms. Here, we describe in a Drosophila model how glioblastoma cells produce ImpL2, an antagonist of the insulin pathway, which targets n
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49

Woodall, Alyson J., Hiroaki Naruo, David J. Prince, et al. "Anesthetic Treatment Blocks Synaptogenesis But Not Neuronal Regeneration of Cultured Lymnaea Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 4 (2003): 2232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00347.2003.

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Trauma and injury necessitate the use of various surgical interventions, yet such procedures themselves are invasive and often interrupt synaptic communications in the nervous system. Because anesthesia is required during surgery, it is important to determine whether long-term exposure of injured nervous tissue to anesthetics is detrimental to regeneration of neuronal processes and synaptic connections. In this study, using identified molluscan neurons, we provide direct evidence that the anesthetic propofol blocks cholinergic synaptic transmission between soma-soma paired Lymnaea neurons in a
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50

Cohen, Sonia, and Michael E. Greenberg. "Communication Between the Synapse and the Nucleus in Neuronal Development, Plasticity, and Disease." Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 24, no. 1 (2008): 183–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175235.

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