Artículos de revistas: "New Institution Economy"

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Termosa, Iryna. "Formation of component determinants of the institutional environment of the economy of Ukraine". Ekonomika APK 310, n.º 8 (28 de agosto de 2020): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202008081.

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The purpose of the article is to study aspects of the formation of component determinants of the institutional environment of the economy of Ukraine, to determine effective and ineffective but operating institutions, to define the interpretation of the concept of the "institutional economic environment," to form, on the basis of dependence on the previous development path, an algorithm for introducing a new institution, as well as to determine the optimal regime for its development. Research methods. Dialectical methods of knowledge of processes and phenomena, a monographic method (analysis of the evolution of scientific achievements of Ukrainian and foreign scientists regarding the effectiveness of the functioning of institutions and institutions), comparative analysis (the main differences between effective and ineffective institutions are determined), empirical (comprehensive assessment and analysis of the object of study), abstract-logical (theoretical generalization and formation of conclusions) were used. Research results. Aspects of formation of components of determinants of institutional economic environment of national economy of Ukraine were studied. The main interpretations of the concept of "institutions" were highlighted, their impact on the formation of the institutional economic environment was studied. The essence of effective and inefficient institutions is disclosed and their generalized author's list is provided. The mechanism of formation of the institutional economic environment taking into account the previous development path was investigated, as well as the author's vision of the optimal regime of its development was determined. An algorithm for introducing a new institution into the institutional economic environment has been developed on the basis of dependence on previous development. Scientific novelty. Theoretical and practical provisions on the process of forming the components of the determinants of an effective institutional economic environment of the national economy of Ukraine have been further developed; the author's concept of an "institutional economic environment" is formed by which it is proposed to mean a set of existing institutions and institutions (norms), the general set of which may include both effective and ineffective, but still functioning, which ensure the functioning, interaction and development of agents in the economic environment of both the individual territory and the state as a whole; A summary of effective and inefficient but still functioning institutions in the modern institutional economic environment; proposed the author's vision of the regime of development of the institutional economic environment, which is based on the middle development regime, in which there is incomplete replacement of existing institutions, as well as the introduction of new ones aimed at the general improvement of the functioning of the institutional economic environment; proposed is an improved algorithm for introducing a new institution (norm) to form the institutional economic environment of Ukraine. Practical significance. The main provisions set out in the article contain certain methodological and practical recommendations on the formation of an effective institutional economic environment in Ukraine. Institutions and institutions can be both effective and ineffective. The introduction of a new institution requires considerable effort to establish itself in a certain institution and to have a positive impact on the functioning institutional economic environment. Using dependence on previous development, it is possible to investigate how effective one or another institution functioning is. Tabl.: 3. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 25.

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Funk, Charles y Len J. Treviño. "Institution building in retreat". Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 24, n.º 3 (7 de agosto de 2017): 436–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-01-2016-0001.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe co-devolutionary processes of multinational enterprise (MNE)/emerging economy institutional relationships utilizing concepts from “old” institutional theory as well as the institutional aspects of socially constructed realities. Design/methodology/approach The authors develop a set of propositions that explore the new concept of a co-devolutionary relationship between MNEs and emerging economy institutions. Guided by prior research, the paper investigates MNE/emerging economy institutional co-devolution at the macro-(MNE home and host countries), meso-(MNE industry/host country regulative and normative institutions) and micro-(MNE and host country institutional actors) levels. Findings MNE/emerging economy institutional co-devolution occurs at the macro-level via negative public communications in the MNE’s home and host countries, at the meso-level via host country corruption and MNE adaptation, and at the micro-level via pressures for individual actors to cognitively “take for granted” emerging economy corruption, leading to MNE divestment and a reduction in new MNE investment. Research limitations/implications By characterizing co-devolutionary processes within MNE/emerging economy institutional relationships, the research augments co-evolutionary theory. It also assists in developing more accurate specification and measurement methods for the organizational co-evolution construct by using institutional theory’s foundational processes to discuss MNE/emerging economy institutional co-devolution. Practical implications The research suggests the use of enhanced regulation, bilateral investment treaties and MNE/local institution partnerships to stabilize MNE/emerging economy institutional relationships, leading to more robust progress in building emerging economy institutions. Originality/value The research posits that using the concepts of institutional theory as a foundation provides useful insights into the “stickiness” of institutional instability and corruption in emerging economies and into the resulting co-devolutionary MNE/emerging economy institutional relationships.

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Qamruzzaman, Md. "Innovation and economic growth: evidence from financial institutional innovation". Journal on Innovation and Sustainability. RISUS ISSN 2179-3565 8, n.º 2 (11 de junio de 2017): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.24212/2179-3565.2017v8i2p126-141.

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Innovation is the key to bringing changes in the traditional financial system. Innovation in the financial system being new financial products, hybrid financial institutions and new rules and regulations to reform existing financial system. Evolvement of financial institutions in the economy help economy in performing a financial function more effective and efficiently and such performance of financial institution promotes economic growth. The aim of the study to assess the relationship between institutional innovation and economic growth of Bangladesh over the period from 1991 to 2015. During this study, we employ the various econometric model to established association ship between institutional innovation and economic growth. Study results revealed that all the variables are stationary at level and after first difference all the variables become non-stationary. Test of Cointegration results revealed that innovation in the financial system through non-bank financial institutions and the financial market can contribute long run and CPI and spread rate can contribute in short run in the economic growth of Bangladesh. While Granger Causality Test revealed that Capital flow and GDP shows unidirectional causality but financial market development and GDP shows the Bidirectional causal relationship in the economy. It is also observed from causality analysis that capital flow and financial market development shows bidirectional causality, which indicated that innovation either in a financial institution or financial market can cause both variables and eventually influence on economic growth. So policymaker should consider the interrelationship between institutional innovation and economic growth while the formulation of economic policy because policy should expedite the development process in the financial system by making robust financial sector through encouraging financial innovation with banks, non-banks financial institution and capital market as well. Robust financial development can cause positively in overall economic growth in Bangladesh.

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Lehdonvirta, Vili, Otto Kässi, Isis Hjorth, Helena Barnard y Mark Graham. "The Global Platform Economy: A New Offshoring Institution Enabling Emerging-Economy Microproviders". Journal of Management 45, n.º 2 (23 de agosto de 2018): 567–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206318786781.

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Global online platforms match firms with service providers around the world, in services ranging from software development to copywriting and graphic design. Unlike in traditional offshore outsourcing, service providers are predominantly one-person microproviders located in emerging-economy countries not necessarily associated with offshoring and often disadvantaged by negative country images. How do these microproviders survive and thrive? We theorize global platforms through transaction cost economics (TCE), arguing that they are a new technology-enabled offshoring institution that emerges in response to cross-border information asymmetries that hitherto prevented microproviders from participating in offshoring markets. To explain how platforms achieve this, we adapt signaling theory to a TCE-based model and test our hypotheses by analyzing 6 months of transaction records from a leading platform. To help interpret the results and generalize them beyond a single platform, we introduce supplementary data from 107 face-to-face interviews with microproviders in Southeast Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Individuals choose microprovidership when it provides a better return on their skills and labor than employment at a local (offshoring) firm. The platform acts as a signaling environment that allows microproviders to inform foreign clients of their quality, with platform-generated signals being the most informative signaling type. Platform signaling disproportionately benefits emerging-economy providers, allowing them to partly overcome the effects of negative country images and thus diminishing the importance of home country institutions. Global platforms in other factor and product markets likely promote cross-border microbusiness through similar mechanisms.

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Frolov, D. P. "Transplantation of economic institutions: An extended (post-institutional) theory". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n.º 9 (7 de septiembre de 2021): 69–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2021-9-69-108.

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Most of research on institutional transplantation is based on a set of general methodological principles and theoretical positions, which in total might be termed the “classical theory”. Despite its persuasiveness and wide currency (including outside the economic discourse), the classical theory of institutional transplantation has many built-in methodological limitations. It has a pronouncedly one-sided character, is based on reductionist approaches, and has problems with a systemic explanation of transplant processes in the modern economy. The article presents an interdisciplinary research program for the extended theory of institutional transplantation. The extended theory proposes to pay special attention to bottomup transplants, as well as the role of institution-based communities — heterogeneous networks of internal and external actors of transplanted institutions. Adaptation of a transplanted institution to the new environment is viewed more as an active transformation of the environment by actors (institutional niche construction). The deviations from foreign prototypes arising in transplanted institutions are interpreted as adaptive refunctionalizations rather than transplant failures. Special emphasis is placed on the interactive communication field in which transplanted institutions develop. As a result of transplantation, it is proposed to consider not the dichotomy of successful adaptation and rejection of a new institution, but the emergence of institutional assemblage — a complex system of borrowed and local institutions based on irreducible institutional logics.

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Popov, E. y A. Sergeev. "The Modern Russian Institutionalism: Further Discussion". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n.º 2 (20 de febrero de 2010): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2010-2-103-116.

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In the article the positive estimation of the paper on institutional methodology which was published in the 3rd issue of the journal in 2009 is given. In the discussion with A. Moskovsky the authors show that the term "institution" may have various definitions and argue in favour of the one proposed by D. North ("institutions as rules of the game"). The new institutional economic theory has a bigger potential for economic modeling than traditional institutionalism. The usefulness of "mathematical" institutionalism has been determined by the Russian researchers' elaborations of the institutional traps theory, institutional systems creation theory, knowledge economy theory and system-integrated theory of the firm.

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RADIONOV, Yurii. "INSTITUTIONAL THEORY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICS". Economy of Ukraine 2021, n.º 4 (24 de abril de 2021): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2021.04.030.

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Theoretical bases of establishment and development of institutional theory as a new direction of economic science are analyzed. The preconditions for the emergence of institutionalism are studied, the fundamental differences between the new economic trend and classical economic theory are considered. The weakness of economic theories on the role and importance of the state in economic development is noted, the need to synthesize the strengths of institutionalism with neoclassicism to link the social attitudes and interests of individuals is emphasized. The stages of development of institutional theory, different approaches of institutional scientists, the emergence of a new, modern direction – neo-institutionalism – are studied. Differences in the interpretation of the term “institution” between traditional institutionalists and neo-institutionalists are outlined, which indicates a different methodology of its perception. It is emphasized that the doctrine of the depth of nature of institutions and its interpretation divided institutionalism into old and new. If the old questioned the individualistic worldview inherent in the neoclassical paradigm, then the new institutionalists do not deny the individualistic approach. Economic institutions that operate within the social environment are the frameworks or constraints that govern the behavior of society in economic conditions. Emphasis is placed on the prospects for further development of institutional theory, which allows the emergence and development of other theories, social sciences, reveals hitherto unexplored or little-studied phenomena and processes. In modern conditions, the economic difficulties faced by the world economy convincingly confirm the relevance of institutional theory, and the construction of an efficient economy is not limited to an approach based solely on the methodology of the classical school of economic theory. The contradictions posed by modern globalization are becoming a large-scale source of social, political, economic and even military challenges for less developed countries in relation to the more prosperous ones, and international institutionalization is the mechanism designed to alleviate instability.

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Tsvetkov, Valeriy, Anatoliy Shutkov, Mikhail Dudin y Nikolay Lyasnikov. "Cryptocurrency (Electronic Cash) As New Financial Institution". Moscow University Economics Bulletin, n.º 6-2018 (30 de diciembre de 2018): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201865.

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In this article, the authors review and analyze the features of functioning and development of a new financial market segment - the cryptocurrency market or electronic cash (specific digital assets). At present, the cryptocurrency segment (and digital financial assets at large) cannot be recognized as a formal institution, since there is no legal framework in this area, and informal interaction regarding the creation and circulation of cryptocurrencies is not an established social and financial-economic phenomenon. The analytic comparison using discount methods allows to a certain extent to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of e-cash issuance from the viewpoint of physical persons. The authors identify the main directions in institutionalizing the cryptocurrency segment of the financial sector of the national economy and substantiate the need for legal recognition of cryptocurrencies in the status of digital goods, which in turn involves the need to improve the Russian Federation legal framework.

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Nazarko, Svitlana. "СУЧАСНА ПАРАДИГМА УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗАКЛАДОМ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я В УМОВАХ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ РЕФОРМИ". PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT, n.º 4(20) (2019): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5215-2019-4(20)-170-175.

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The article discusses the process of moving from an administrative to an economic model of managing a healthcare facility. The possibility and specifics of the application of socio-economic and systematic approaches to the economic management of the health care institution with regard to the ownership and sphere of activity are determined. Requirements for candidates for management positions in medical institutions are considered, and new knowledge and requirements that heads of medical institutions in Ukraine must possess are highlighted. It has been found that the main criterion for marketing a health care institution in the market economy is quality competition.

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Kraus, Nataliia, Kateryna Kraus y Valerii Osetskyi. "NEW QUALITY OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT". Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, n.º 1 (16 de marzo de 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-1-59-66.

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Economic processes in the world are characterized by a high level of dynamism, change and innovative approaches to addressing key issues in nowadays. In a context of globalization and European integration of Ukraine into a high-tech competitive environment in order to financing innovative projects, it is necessary to use Blockchain technology as an effective tool for digital economy. Purpose of scientific research is to find out key priorities and functionalities of Blockchain’s application for solving business and government tasks. The object of scientific research is the latest financial technology Blockchain and a system of cult-technologies: crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, crowdinvesting. Methodology. In the process of research, the following methods are used: generalization is used in studying the nature, preconditions and principles of Blockchain technologies; formalization is used when comparing characteristics of the latest forms of financing, such as crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, crowdinvesting. In the course of scientific research, key qualitative characteristics of digital economy are described and the dominant components of its development are investigated. The result of the article. The priorities, new principles of business management and possibilities of Blockchain technology as an effective digital economy tool for solving business and government tasks are revealed. Future prospects from the implementation of crowd-technologies as an effective management tool in progress for solving the problems of innovative business are substantiated. Interconnection in the latest financial institution of creative initiatives realization is presented. The comparative analysis of management of new institutes of innovative development for Ukrainian economy in the course of doing business is carried out. The result of the research is presentation of the relationship in the latest financial institution implementing creative initiatives and a comparative analysis of new institutes of innovative development in the sphere of finance for the Ukrainian economy. Practical implications. The components of digital economy identified by the authors in the article are accelerators of the socio-economic life of Ukrainian society in the modern world and are capable of rapidly increasing Ukraine’s GDP. The described new forms of financing of Ukrainian startups (crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, crowdinvesting) are today quite interesting and effective tool for solving business problems in the financial, economic, innovative and marketing spheres. Value/originality. Blockchain technology, as an effective tool for Ukraine’s digital economy, is able to address the challenges of business and government, uncover the relationship between crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, crowdinvesting, and explain the content of innovative financial institutions for Ukraine’s economy.

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Arman, Agus, Marsuki Marsuki y Sulkipli Sulkipli. "Bumdes Development Model Through College and Banking Partnerships [Model Pengembangan Bumdes Melalui Kemitraan Perguruan Tinggi dan Perbankan]". Proceeding of Community Development 2 (21 de febrero de 2019): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.30874/comdev.2018.148.

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Badan Usaha Milik Desa thereafter called Bumdes, as a community economic institution that is a strategic part in stimulating the economy of rural communities. Each village can establish a Bumdes that functions to improve the village economy, be optimal, increase business, create business opportunities, create jobs, build a village economy, and increase village income. If the management of Bumdes is optimal, then the village will become an independent village. Bumdes as a newly born economic institution needs assistance, guidance, and monitoring.The Bumdes development model in this paper uses a 5 (five) model adaptation of the creative economy development that is considered appropriate for implementation because it involves collaboration between government, financial institutions, and academics. In this model, the government involves the Village and District governments, Banking, and Academics. The expected final results are: (1) the establishment of Bumdes with products that are acceptable in the Modern Market, (2) Bumdes as agents of banking cleverness, and (3) the creation of new economic centers in the Village through Bumdes.

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Sukharev, Oleg Sergeevich. "Institutional competition and import of institutions: Theoretical aspects". Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Экономика» = Perm University Herald. ECONOMY 16, n.º 2 (2021): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9960-2021-2-127-149.

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Modern economy updates the problems of institutional competitions manifested in permanent non-compliance with the rules by the economic agents, the introduction of new institutions, standards, agreements, destruction of the current institution system. The import of the instutitions is the most relevant type of the institional competition. The borrowing of the institutions exert the impact of the established rules on the internal institutions and organizational forms, thus becoming dependent, just like their executors. This provides the initiator of the introduced rules with some benefits and the leading role in the institutional competition. The purpose of the research is to use theory of the institutional competition to propose a unified quality assessment method for the acting and re-introduced institutions to approve of the managerial decisions aimed to adjust the institutional system. The research methodology consists of institutional theory and assessment approaches to classical and functional efficiency, as well as in the field of quality assessment for the institution performance, which are defined as abstract norms and organizational structures, including the development institutions as regional development agencies. The result of the study was a designed general model of institutional competition, presentation of the blocking effect and dysfunction of the imported institution, as well as the proposed unified comparative assessment method for the quality of acting and imported institutions. It is also substantiated that the plot of the Coase theorem is opposite to the "lock-in" effect, while the Coase theorem lacks institutional competition. In practice, transactional costs are shown not to be equal to zero for the institutional competition. When institutions are imported, costs can increase with lock-in effects and dysfunction. In this regard, the introduction of new institutions should be justified with the parameters of the performance efficiency in some countries and with the conditions of the social economic system where they are supposed to be used, taking into account the institutional competition. The institutional competition is showcased as the import of development institutions as regional development agencies. Further research is seen to be connected with testing the proposed approach under the quality assessment criteria from the institutions and designed models for determining the permissible volume of imports of institutions.

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Żelazny, Rafał y Jacek Pietrucha. "Measuring innovation and institution: the creative economy index". Equilibrium 12, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.v12i1.3.

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Research background: A literature review on innovativeness and institutions pointing to their correlation and the possibility of their joint examination. Purpose of the article: This paper attempts to devise a measurement method for a creative economy, where as a result of feedback between institutions, human capital and technology conditions facilitating the development of creativity are created. Methods: An empirical meta-analysis of indicators characterising innovativeness and institutional environment was carried out, following the hypothesis that at least in part they contain common information on creative economy. Findings and Value added: The new synthetic index, a creative economy index (CEI), was constructed. The study was conducted for a group of 34 economies of the European Union and its associated states for the period of 2005–2014.

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Hyk, V. "Cluster as an object of research in the institutional economy and accounting: square plates". Economics, Entrepreneurship, Management 7, n.º 2 (noviembre de 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/eem2020.02.016.

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A critical analysis of globalization processes in the economy is considered and conducted, with an emphasis on the factors of increasing competition. It is established that due to the development of scientific and technological progress of new approaches to socio-economic development requires the formulation of a new type of institutional environment. It is argued that an important tool for increasing the competitiveness of the economy are the processes of adaptive clustering. It is noted that in the Ukrainian national economy this approach has not become widespread and it is proved that an important component of inhibiting these processes is the lack of proper information base. It is proved that under such conditions an important role in information support belongs to the accounting system.The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the creation of an accounting and information system in the management of cluster associations should be based on an institutional approach. From this conceptual approach, a study of the current state of accounting in the cluster, taking into account institutional theory. The purpose of the article is to clarify the disposition of accounting as a socio-economic institution and the formation of a cluster as a systemic institution. The existence of a slightly different nature of the interaction of these institutions is established, in which the role of the accounting information system is considered differently, in which it is considered in understanding the information network of the enterprise, and thus differs from the "traditional" interaction "accounting - enterprise". The study identifies the main reasons for the need to use the provisions of institutional theory to address the problems of accounting in the cluster. Based on the study, we propose to consider pre-grouping these concepts (institutional theory, accounting, cluster) and divide them into separate planes: the impact of institutional theory on the development of accounting, cluster from the standpoint of institutional theory, institutional interaction between accounting and cluster.

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Witasari, Aryani y Indah Setyowati. "STUDY LAW FIRM CAPITAL ROLE IN IMPROVING ECONOMY STATE VENTURA INDONESIA". Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 6, n.º 1 (17 de marzo de 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v6i1.4363.

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Venture capital is one of the financial institutions whose existence is still relatively new. Institutional and formal venture capital is a new venture there after the release of Presidential Decree No. 61 of 1988 on Financing Institutions and MoF No. 1251 / KMK.013 / 1988 on Conditions and Procedures for Financing Institutions. Both this regulation represents a milestone development of the venture capital law.This research uses descriptive analytical approach, using normative juridical approach or approaches normative-legal method research approach, or by Zainudin called normative legal research or doctrinal legal research, namely legal research using secondary data.The role of venture capital firms is very strategic, Venture capital has a great potential to contribute to business development. Small companies which have good prospects but do not have enough capital and do not have access to banks can thrive with the support of capital from venture capital. With venture capital, the new company would like to start a business activity could also be easily run business originally.In the mechanism of venture capital, there are at least three elements that are directly involved, namely: capital owners who want a high profit from its equity. Capital from various sources or investors are collected in a container or a special institution established for that purpose; or so-called venture capital funds.

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Akter, Aklima, Md Tofael Hossain Majumder y Mohammed Mizanur Rahman. "Green banking-a new dimension". Journal of Management and Science 1, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2012): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2012.43.

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Climate change has become a global concern as it has direct impact on biodiversity,agriculture, forestry, dry land, water resources and human health. In a globalize economy, it is the time toconsider environmental policies because environmental impact might affect to the rate of return and reputationof business in the long-run. Among the business organizations, one of the major economic agents influencingoverall industrial activity and economic growth is the financial institution such as banking sector. Bank playsa very important role in shaping the economy. Now-a-days, Banks that support the local community andenvironment are seen as leaders. As a result, Bank continuously strives to ensure that its operations areenvironment-friendly and discourages financing projects contrary to it. This study highlights the concept,needs and significance, and products of green banking. The study forms mainly the extensive review ofrelated literature based on highly work. It is seen that there has not been much initiative in this regard by thebanks and other financial institutions in the world. Therefore, this paper suggests some necessary directionsfor promoting green banking in the world to protect the environment and builds banks performance.

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Bogonenko, V. A. "INTEGRATION OF NEW INSTITUTIONS IN THE CIVIL LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS". Vestnik of Polotsk State University. Part D. Economic and legal sciences, n.º 5 (27 de junio de 2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1632-2021-56-5-93-99.

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The article considers new institutions of civil law of the Republic of Belarus, as well as changes that have affected the traditional institutions of civil law. In particular, such institutions as factoring, insurance, energy supply, intellectual property and others are analyzed. The development of civil law institutions in the context of the digital economy is considered, including attention is paid to intellectual property in the field of digital educational space. Attention is drawn to the issues of codification of legislation in relation to individual institutions of civil law. General issues related to the digital economy and digital rights, including blockchain and tokens, are considered. In the context of the study, the institution of civil transactions is also considered. General conclusions on the research topic are made.

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Lloyd, Richard. "The New Bohemia as Urban Institution". City & Community 16, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2017): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12265.

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Bohemia, the colorful intersection of place, lifestyle, and artistic imagination, is rooted in the urban revolutions of 19th century Paris, and has proven to be a durable and transposable tradition of modernity in the nearly two centuries since. We have ideas about what living like an artist in the city should look like, and these in turn continue to powerfully shape what it does look like, culturally and materially. This cultural continuity today interacts with the structural transformation of the US economy and of American cities. Education, flexibility, and the creative capacity of high value city workers are elevated as principles of urban inequality, within and between cities, impacting new place making projects. In this case, the 21st century bohemia materializes in small and large cities around the country, serving as both a consumer amenity and an incubator of innovation in the arts and beyond. Birthed in the wrenching urban crisis wrought by postindustrial transition, neo–bohemia has now become an institutionalized feature of the urban landscape, intersecting with dominant policy and design discourses including the new urbanist and creative cities paradigms.

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Aydarova, Julia, Natalia Pashkus y Ivan Blagikh. "Effective Strategic Positioning of Institutions of Secondary Professional Education in the Knowledge Economy". SHS Web of Conferences 74 (2020): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207401002.

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The purpose of the article is to develop a strategy for the forming a strong cluster of secondary vocational education in Russia. In the era of globalization, toughening competition in the global education market, high economic and political risks, the development and implementation of an educational institution development strategy requires a search for new approaches and the development of new methods and ways to implement it. The paper proposes a model of breakthrough positioning of institutions of secondary vocational education, by which it is possible to identify effective strategies of institutions and to carry out their ranking. The work carried out the positioning of institutions of secondary vocational education on the modified matrix of Cagan and Vogel and proposed strategies for their development in accordance with the position taken. The article developed a tool for identifying the strategic priorities of institutions of secondary vocational education, which allows to identify promising dominants of the strategic development of organizations and their financing. When using the positioning model, it is shown that not all types of positioning can be effectively used by an organization, and an untimely choice of a more promising strategy can be unsuccessful for an institution.

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Mirajiani, Ekawati S.Wahyuni, Arif Satria, Saharuddin y Tridoyo Kusumastanto. "TRANSFORMASI PRANATA PATRONASE MASYARAKAT NELAYAN: DARI EKONOMI MORALITAS MENUJU EKONOMI PASAR". KOMUNITAS: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture 6, n.º 1 (12 de junio de 2014): 116–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v6i1.2950.

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Masyarakat nelayan mengalami transformasi sosial ekonomi akibat penetrasi pembangunan dan pasar. Transformasi sosial ekonomi yang terjadi membawa perubahan signifikan pranata ekonomi nelayan, karena nelayan harus mengkonstruksikan pranata ekonomi baru yang dianggap dapat mempertahankan penghidupan nelayan pada kondisi survival dan sesuai dengan perubahan yang terjadi. Penelitian ini mendalami bagaimana transformasi pranata patronase yang terjadi dan keterkaitannya dengan keterjaminan ekonomi pada masyarakat nelayan di Pesisir Ujung Kulon. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masyarakat nelayan di Pesisir Ujung Kulon mengalami transformasi pranata ekonomi dari patronase berbasis moralitas menjadi berbasis norma ekonomi pasar. Di era ekonomi pasar, patronase merupakan suatu alternatif pranata ekonomi nelayan yang dibangun untuk tetap bertahan dengan situasi krisis dan ketidakpastian ekonomi serta mata pencaharian yang bersifat fluktuatif. Ditinjau dari keterjaminan ekonomi, pranata patronase moralitas di masa lalu lebih memberikan jaminan ekonomi nelayan pada situasi krisis daripada pranata patronase berbasis norma ekonomi pasar. Pada situasi di mana pranata patronase tidak bisa sepenuhnya berfungsi sebagai pranata jaminan ekonomi nelayan, maka untuk tetap bertahan pada situasi ekonomi yang kurang terjamin nelayan mengandalkan relasi ekonomi alternatif yang disediakan pasar di luar patronase.Fishing communities experiencing socio-economic transformation as a result of development and market penetration. Socio-economic transformation is followed by significant change in economic institutions, as fishermen have to construct a new economic institutions which are supposed to maintain the livelihood in survival conditions and in accordance with the changes. This research was to explore how economic institution transformation happens and its effect on economic security in coastal fishing communities in Ujung Kulon. The method uses a qualitative approach and the type of research uses a case study research. Results of the research showed coastal fishing communities in Ujung Kulon transformed economic institutions of patronage based morality becomes the norm based market economy. In the era of market economy, patronage remains an alternative economic institutions built to survive the crisis and uncertainty and livelihood fluctuated. The fact is related to economic security, institutional patronage morality in the past to provide security over the fishing economy in crisis situations rather than norm -based patronage institutions of the market economy. In situations where the institution of patronage can not fully function as economic security institutions of fishermen, then to survive on less secure economic situation of fishermen rely on alternative economic relations are provided markets outside patronage

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Buzgalin, A. y A. Kolganov. "Planification: Potential and role in XXI century market economy". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n.º 1 (20 de enero de 2016): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-1-63-80.

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The authors, basing on a critical analysis of the experience of planning during the 20th century in a number of countries of Europe and Asia, and also on the lessons from the economics of "real socialism", set out to substantiate their conclusions on the advisability of "reloading" this institution. The aim is to create planning mechanisms, suited to the new economy, that incorporate forecasting, projections, direct and indirect selective regulation and so forth into integral programs of economic development and that set a vector of development for particular limited spheres of what remains on the whole a market economy. New planning institutions presuppose a supersession of the forms of bureaucratic centralism and a reliance on network forms of organization of the subject and process of planning.

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22

Lapteva, Elena. "Dedication to the 100th Anniversary of the Financial University Under the Government of the Russian Federation. The Making of the Higher Education Institution". Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 19, n.º 4 (27 de diciembre de 2018): 573–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2588.2018.19(4).573-599.

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The article analyses the development of economic education in Russia through the example of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation. From its precursor in the pre-revolutionary period to the middle of the twentieth century. It emphases the making of the MFI (Moscow Finance Institute) - the institution that became the bedrock of the glory of the Financial University as one of the countrys leading institutions in the field of economic and financial education. The author briefly examines the making of the institution, from the pre-revolutionary times to the formation of a modern higher educational establishment. The author mentions that commercial schools were at the origins of financial education in Russia, for example, the Aleksandrovskoe Commercial School, became the forerunner of the university. In the Soviet times, starting from 1919, the establishment faced a difficult period of development of a new type of financial institution. The history of the modern Financial University has accumulated the experience of the pre-war Moscow Institute of Economics and Finance, Moscow Industry and Economy, Moscow Accounting and Economy and Moscow Credit-Economic Institutes. This experience was especially useful in the period of post-war reconstruction of the national economy, science and culture of the 1940s. The author draws conclusions about the hard work of the lecturers and staff of the university to improve the level of economic education in the country, to overcome the difficulties and mistakes of the postwar period.

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23

Babkin, Aleksandr, Diana Burkaltseva, Andrej Tyulin, Pulod Azimov y Oleg Blazhevich. "Initial Coin Offering (ICO) as a Transformation of Financial Institution of Collective Investment". Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2020, n.º 1 (27 de febrero de 2020): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202015.

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In conditions of financial institutions' development it is crucial to examine the transformation in the form of a collective investment institution under the influence of digitalization and, in particular, the emergence of cryptocurrencies. The subject of the research refers to the features of ICO functioning as a transformation of a financial institution for collective investment. The goal is to explore the ICO as a new form of collective investment. The results of the research are achieved through a comprehensive comparative analysis of ICO and IPO as a basic tool of financial institutions. The paper highlights the advantages and disadvantages, identifies the factors, analyzes the institutional regulation of ICO and proposes development vectors from three angles: for project creators, investors, regulators. The results can be used in policymaking, the functioning of joint investment platforms, in training specialists in the field of digital economy and financial markets.

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24

Castillo-Vinuesa, Eduardo y Iuliia Gankevich. "Green Military New Deal". Temes de Disseny, n.º 37 (22 de julio de 2021): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46467/tdd37.2021.18-37.

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Among the most decisive challenges that the climate crisis will bring during up coming decades will be the necessity to overcome the current lack of planetary ecosystem governance. The void that exists where proper geopolitics should reside demands a recalibration of the focus of design towards the conception, implementation, and support of new institutional models capable of reconfiguring established infrastructural, ecosystem and governance structures. The rising awareness of the lack of ecological agency has recently led to the emergence of several proto-policies branded under the name of “Green New Deals” (GNDs): the green proposals across the world that aim to address climate change and economic inequality. However, the implementation of the GND’s goals requires not only the necessary infrastructural means for decarbonisation but also a set of social insurance mechanisms able to guarantee social stability during the transition to a new energy regime. The complexity that this task poses in relation to society, the economy, manufacturing industries and goods and information logistics will require the establishment of an institution capable of intervening in the regulation and coordination of all the parties involved. Green Military New Deal (GMND) is a research proposal that lies between the legislative models of ecosystem governance and the institutions capable of enforcing them. It speculates about the military establishment as a proto-platform that could fulfil the institutional gap created by the GND’s demands. Would it be possible to reimagine the military establishment as a trans-national ecological force capable of mobilising and enforcing proper ecosystem management, conscious of its ability to act as a welfare provider while deploying its technological resources? Our research offers an informed approach toward this counterintuitive premise, uncomfortable as it may be, by forcing us to question how certain existing institutions could be properly repurposed to address issues of global necessity.

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Khan, Tariqullah. "Venture waqf in a circular economy". ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 11, n.º 2 (9 de diciembre de 2019): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijif-12-2018-0138.

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Purpose This paper aims to enhance the impact of incorporated waqf institutions by blending their resources to promote responsible small businesses that are inclusive of human development, service to society and preservation of ecological environment and other species. This is expected to shift the paradigm of businesses from the current waste-oriented linear economy to ideally a zero-waste circular economy. Design/methodology/approach This is an analytical study building on the experience of European Venture Philanthropy Organizations (VPOs) that work with the primary objective of making impactful businesses successful, with capital protection and return on investment being of secondary concern. This paper suggests an incorporated institutional design that blends resources for promoting responsible businesses using a new hybrid financial mechanism, namely, equity-at-default (EaD) to replace collateral and foreclosure requirements with responsibility and compassion. Findings The research calls for changing the business paradigm from linear to circular, an incorporated institutional framework for venture waqf, purpose of the waqf to make impactful small businesses successful and designing a financial contract to loan in favor of responsible businesses that convert to equity stake for the waqf in case of default (EaD) replacing collateral and foreclosure requirements. Research limitations/implications This is a theoretical study motivated by the success of VPOs but assigns a new role to waqf institutions. Furthermore, the incorporated nature of waqf is a new idea and EaD is a new mechanism. Being new, these ideas have the risk of not being implemented. However, the broader message that waqf shall promote businesses that are inclusive of ecological concerns is generally applicable. Practical implications The paper has a significant practical implication to transform the responsibility and consciousness of businesses. Waqf is fundamentally a compassionate institution, and it must enhance the responsibility of businesses to become more inclusive of the environment and other species. It should also become more compassionate toward businesses that are in distress and default. In this sense, the paper tries to internalize compassion in financial contracting that can potentially change the architecture of lending. Social implications Altering businesses’ mindset from a waste-driven extractive linear economy to inclusive circular economy has a tremendous transformative role. This will have implications for enhancing business consciousness and responsibility. As poverty is a phenomenon of state of mind, changing the society’s state of thought in Muslim communities is expected to have basic positive implications. Entrepreneurs with a new mindset can have far-reaching positive impacts on the society. Originality/value The paper offers potentially innovative perspectives in four key areas and blends the different resources in an incorporated waqf that makes responsible entrepreneurs assume a partnership role in times of distress through EaD. Furthermore, the integration of compassion in financial contracting could have better implications for return on investment as well. The ideal state of an economy is where waste is turned into wealth and well-being is something that all policymakers must keep on the top of their agendas.

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Sysoiev, Oleksii. "MARKETING SUPPORT FOR FACTORING AS AN ECONOMIC INSTITUTION". Європейський науковий журнал Економічних та Фінансових інновацій, n.º 1 (26 de octubre de 2018): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32750/2018-0107.

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The article considers marketing support for factoring as an economic institute. The concept of marketing support for the development of the factoring institute is proposed, taken into accounts the goals of the Strategy for reforming the state regulation of non-bank financial services markets for 2015-2020. The provisions are based on the marketing strategies of the subjects of the factoring institute, previous experience of working with clients and revealing their latent needs. The subjects of factoring Institute can contribute to the goals and objectives stated in the Strategy, enabling enterprises to optimize their work with debtors and provide quality factoring services. In order to promote its services to the subjects of the factoring institute, it is necessary to apply new and progressive marketing concepts such as direct marketing, e-marketing and co-marketing. Direct marketing, as an effective way of direct advertising, can serve as a reliable means for attracting new and retaining the constant clients of factoring services, supporting the image of factoring organizations, implementing an individual approach to each client, and establishing cooperation. The new marketing tools offered to promote factoring services are common marketing tools, such as cross-marketing, dual branding and a coalitions loyalty program. The advantages of these tools are: the synergistic effect that can be obtained through the partnership of two brands, savings on advertising costs, the formation of a positive reputation through partnerships, the expansion of the client base and the target audience, exposed to marketing influence. It is shown that in the conditions of a globalization economy, a broad introduction takes on electronic factoring – “e-factoring”. E-factoring integrates all organizational structures of the factoring institute and promotes its development and operation efficiency. The development of e-factoring in Ukraine will improve the quality of factoring services and contribute to expanding the client base of banks – Factors, that, in turn, will bring additional benefits both for economic entities and for the economy of the country.

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27

Munshi, Kaivan y Mark Rosenzweig. "Traditional Institutions Meet the Modern World: Caste, Gender, and Schooling Choice in a Globalizing Economy". American Economic Review 96, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2006): 1225–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.4.1225.

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This paper addresses the question of how traditional institutions interact with the forces of globalization to shape the economic mobility and welfare of particular groups of individuals in the new economy. We explore the role of one such traditional institution—the caste system—in shaping career choices by gender in Bombay using new survey data on school enrollment and income over the past 20 years. We find that male working-class—lower-caste—networks continue to channel boys into local language schools that lead to the traditional occupation, despite the fact that returns to nontraditional white-collar occupations rose substantially in the 1990s, suggesting the possibility of a dynamic inefficiency. In contrast, lower-caste girls, who historically had low labor market participation rates and so did not benefit from the network, are taking full advantage of the opportunities that became available in the new economy by switching rapidly to English schools.

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Abdullah, Mohammad. "A New Framework of Corporate Governance for Waqf: A Preliminary Proposal". ICR Journal 6, n.º 3 (15 de julio de 2015): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v6i3.316.

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The global cumulative waqf assets have been estimated to be worth $105 billion. Though, this estimation is not based on exact data, it reflects only a glimpse of what the institution of waqf may entail in the process of and struggle for socio-economic upliftment of the ummah. However, despite possessing the potential of improving society, a substantial proportion of total awqaf is still lying dormant across the world. In modern day economy, waqf has taken a new trajectory, both as a product and as an institution/legal entity, especially in the Islamic finance industry. Consequently, this scenario automatically demands that the institution be fairly regulated and closely monitored. However, not much has been written in the corporate governance area of waqf. This article has three aims: firstly, to briefly examine the salient features of waqf from the perspective of fiqh al-awqaf, secondly, to explore the evolution of the fiqh al-awqaf in the light of waqf being metamorphosed into a corporation-like entity, and finally, to propose the possibilities of how a corporate governance model can be developed for the institution based on the existing waqf rulings and modern regulatory guidelines.

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Bakah, May y Dennis Raphael. "New hypotheses regarding the Danish health puzzle". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 45, n.º 8 (6 de abril de 2017): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817698889.

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Aims: Nordic welfare states have achieved admirable population health profiles as a result of public policies that provide economic and social security across the life course. Denmark has been an exception to this rule, as its life expectancies and infant mortality rates since the mid-1970s have lagged behind the other Nordic nations and, in the case of life expectancy, behind most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development nations. Methods: In this review paper, we identify a number of new hypotheses for why this may be the case. Results: These hypotheses concern the health effects of neo-liberal restructuring of the economy and its institutions, the institution of flexi-security in Denmark’s labour market and the influence of Denmark’s tobacco and alcohol industries. Also of note is that Denmark experienced higher unemployment rates during its initial period of health stagnation, as well as its treatment of non-Western immigrants and high wealth inequality and, until recently, the fact that Denmark did not systematically address the issue of health inequalities. Conclusions: These hypotheses may serve as covering explanations for the usually provided accounts of elevated behavioural risks and psychosocial stress as being responsible for Denmark’s health profile.

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Krasilnikov, O. y E. Krasilnikova. "Non-Public Monetary Systems in information Economy". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n.º 5 (20 de mayo de 2013): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-5-151-159.

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The article discusses the development of non-public monetary systems (NPMS), defined as a specific economic institution. It presents their comparison with public money systems depending on the size of transaction costs. The authors come to the conclusion that in conditions of the information economy on the basis of Internet-technologies NPMS receive a new impetus to their development and can make serious competition in regard to public monetary systems.

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Zhyvko, Maksym Zhyvko. "NEW ECONOMY: SYNERGY OF INFORMATIZATION AND GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY". JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY Vol 17, Vol 17, No 1 (2018) (2018): 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2018.01.034.

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The relationship between the new economy and civil society as a special institution that influences structural transformations of European civilization is explored since this model uses innovations, scientific and technological potential, which is an accelerated engine of social and economic development, and the need for stimulation is the main one. the priority of the policy of many developed countries. The aim is to develop a specific methodology for studying the interaction between the new economy and civil society in developed and developing countries, mainly related to information development. The object of research is human capital - the primary social value, its preservation and further development require the increase of investment in science from all social subjects The most important role of governments, should be the creation at all levels of the social structure of the most favorable conditions for financing in the production sphere and transfer of knowledge. A liberal model of civil society is developed, as a model of «minimal intervention». The analysis of the main factors of the development of a new economy in the structure of European civilization is carried out, and the conclusions are formulated.

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Mawardi, Alfiandi Imam. "An Opportunity: Growing of Financial Technology to Stimulate Sharing Economy in East Java". Journal of Economics, Business, and Government Challenges 1, n.º 2 (13 de febrero de 2019): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/ebgc.v1i2.22.

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This paper analyzes the phenomenon of financial technology starts tochange conventional financial institution for helping economic development, which the financial technology more likely start-up company is the innovative solution of funding on this country. Financial technology on online-based business offers new opportunities, new investment trends and new funding resources such as lending and capital rising, wealth management and insurance, payment and financial research. I apply generalized method of moment approach on startup company data on financial technology that shows business models and the result shows that financial technology can synergy with financial institution will increase the sharing economy in East Java. Under a competitive industry, financial technology should improve their accountability, accessibility, and reliability to persuade other start-up businesses to growth up together. This paper explains what existing financial technology business model to help start-up business in Indonesia today and how financial technologies to realize good sharing economy in this East Java.

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Kudryavtsev, K. A. "Transformation of the Institution of Anti-Trust Regulation (Mechanism and Concept)". Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, n.º 4 (29 de julio de 2018): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2018-4-116-122.

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To find a new vector of developing anti-trust regulation the article researches mechanism of its transformation. In the process of research the academic hypothesis is proved, i. e. anti-trust regulation transforms in line with the change of models of state economy regulation and subject to the economic cycle is used by state as a tool of influencing the results of goods markets functioning with limited and developed competition. The disclosed cause- and effect links determining the transformation mechanism made it possible to identify stages of developing antitrust regulation in the world and in Russia. In order to overcome backwardness of economy and implement the National plan of developing competition in the Russian Federation conceptual principles were developed for the new phase of anti-trust regulation, which are shown in the model of interest balance with the respective key indicators. The presented model is the development of the Harvard paradigm ‘structure – behavior – result’ that was later supplemented with basic conditions and state policy, whose system includes anti-trust regulation. Therefore, with regard to designed conceptual principles with state regulation of goods market what is the most important is the balance of interests of entities of market – state, business entities and customers that form the structure, behavior and result.

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Irynchyna, Inna. "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AS A TOOL OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE FORMAT OF ACTIVITY OF MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS". Economic Analysis, n.º 30(1, Part 2) (2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.01.02.053.

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Introduction. The formation of a modern model of development of the national health care system presupposes the existence of economically efficient and financially viable medical institutions. The collaboration of economics and medicine is designed to facilitate the transformation of existing hospitals into medically and economically efficient actors in the national health care market in the face of global threats to human health and budget deficits. Methods and tools of economic analysis should be the basis for the formation of a model of profitable medical business. Goal. Substantiation of the algorithm for the formation of cost-effective medical business entities based on economic analysis in terms of reforming the national health care system. Method (methodology). Methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction are used in determining current trends and problems of development of a new format of self-financing of medical institutions in the formation of the national health economy and the formation of an algorithm for profitable medical institutions. Results. It is proposed to apply the criteria for evaluating decisions to achieve financial and economic efficiency of medical institutions: effectiveness - medical efficiency; cost effectiveness - economic efficiency; necessity - necessity; feasibility probability of realization / feasibility. Factors of potential success of medical business and investment attractiveness are singled out. A model of calculating the potential profitability of a medical institution according to the ratio of available resources (value of medical services and medical technologies) and the time required to implement the updated idea (mission) of the medical business is proposed. An algorithm for forming a medical business or improving the existing format of a medical institution in the conditions of the national health economy has been built on the basis of methods and tools of economic analysis.

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Hadidi, Hala El y David A. Kirby. "Universities and Innovation in a Factor-Driven Economy". Industry and Higher Education 30, n.º 2 (abril de 2016): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2016.0302.

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In the contemporary knowledge-based global economy, universities are required to operate more entrepreneurially, commercializing the results of their research and spinning out new knowledge-based enterprises. In this article, the third in a series by the authors, case studies are presented of activities in three Egyptian universities to demonstrate what is being done in Egypt and the challenges Egyptian universities face when they attempt to collaborate with industry and contribute to the innovation process. The results reveal that such initiatives are often the result of external influences and are not embedded in the core strategic planning activity of the institutions in which they are located. Accordingly, they often have difficulty surviving after the initial project funding is ended, not least because the important partnership links with industry remain largely underdeveloped. The authors consider the implications of the findings for policy formulation and argue for a coherent strategy that embeds the ‘Third Mission’ in the core activities of each institution and facilitates university–industry collaboration.

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36

Jakopin, Edvard. "Effects of structural changes in the economy of the Republic of Serbia: Old problems, new reform challenges". Ekonomski horizonti 22, n.º 3 (2020): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekonhor2003191j.

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Structural changes in the economy directly affect macroeconomic and financial stability, income growth, productivity and economic efficiency, social inclusion, and the improved quality of life. The global contraction in 2020, caused by COVID-19, the deepest since the Second World War, will cause a great global economic reset, extreme poverty will increase, and the biggest permanent loss will be in human capital. The biggest consequences for the Serbian economy will be a slowdown in structural reforms. The key performance of the economy in the conjunctural period was positive and affected the growth of the resilience of the economic system, but the research showed that the implemented structural reforms were insufficient and slow, that the old problems are still the causes of low competitiveness. In the context of new reform challenges, the focus of activities needs to be shifted towards creating a stimulating environment for the development of domestic entrepreneurship and the growth of private investment in order to increase trust in the entrepreneurship-institution relationship.

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Wu, MingChang, Didik Nurhadi y Siti Zahro. "Developing Risk Management as New Concept to Manage Risks in Higher Educational Institutions". International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 6, n.º 1 (enero de 2017): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2017010103.

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Generally, higher educational institutions and students have been significantly increased year after year, which is instrumental in meeting the needs of global labor and making the national economy of the country better, stronger, and more stable. Meanwhile, these institutions also carry out teaching, research, community service, and commercial activities. Such varied activities create more diverse and complex risks as well as a wealth of good chances for the institutions. A considered solution is implementing the risk management as a new concept to understand and manage the risks associated with those activities and grab new opportunities. This is very challenging and critical to preserving and protecting the resources and reputation of institutions. This article discusses the importance of the role of risk management and its implementation in higher education institutions that have high expectations as a world-class educational institution. Also, the implementation will be more optimal if supported by a good communication between all leaders of an organization and their staffs.

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38

Takács, Zoltán y Imre Nagy. "Institutionalization of Regional Policy and the Regional Institution System in Serbia". European Spatial Research and Policy 20, n.º 1 (3 de julio de 2013): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/esrp-2013-0002.

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This study summarizes aspects of Serbian regional policy with special focus on regions and the development of the regional institutions. The study emphasizes the importance of the issue in the Republic of Serbia in 2010, with the ambition to join the European Union. With the enactment of the new Law on Regional Development and the legal framework five NUTS 2 regions were created. The Ministry of Economy and Regional Development is responsible for the institutional coordination of the regional policy. Regional Development Agencies are at the intermediate level of institutional hierarchy. After the regionalization of Serbia, the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina remained a whole and unified NUTS 2 region with complex and developed regional institutions.

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39

Bingtao, Song. "Institution and Change of the Public Economy: A New Interpretation of Early Modern Civilization Evolution". Social Sciences in China 36, n.º 1 (2 de enero de 2015): 172–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2015.1001488.

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40

Bugallo-Rodríguez, Anxela y Pedro Vega-Marcote. "Circular economy, sustainability and teacher training in a higher education institution". International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 21, n.º 7 (28 de agosto de 2020): 1351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-02-2020-0049.

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Purpose Higher education institutions have a valuable dual role in disseminating the circular economy (CE) as a new sustainability paradigm. First, the university teaches students about this subject. Second, it prepares future teachers to incorporate sustainability into other educational levels. This paper aims to present the results of implementing a set of activities designed to improve the attitudes and actions of students to reduce their daily impact on campus and to be active agents for change to the CE. Design/methodology/approach The participants were students enrolled for the Degree in Primary Education at the University of Corunna. Following a qualitative approach, students’ proposals were analyzed using the key indicators identified by the European Commission to measure progress toward the CE. Findings The results demonstrate that these activities make students reflect and act on their daily impact. They propose and develop diverse solutions on campus, such as increased paper-, water- and energy-saving activities and discover the benefits of teaching for action. However, the indicators show that they do not apply the three principles of the CE in a balanced way. Research limitations/implications An improvement should analyze the same students in the following year to verify progress. Originality/value This experience with preservice teachers may help to extend the values and knowledge associated with integral sustainability and provide CE solutions on campus and in schools throughout the country.

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41

Wu, Ming-Chang, Didik Nurhadi y Siti Zahro. "Developing Risk Management as New Concept to Manage Risks in Higher Educational Institutions". International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 5, n.º 4 (octubre de 2016): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2016100104.

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Generally, the higher education institutions and students have been significantly increased from year to years in order to meet the needs of global labor and develop the country's economy better. On the other hand, they also carry out teaching, research, community service, and commercial activities. This diversity of activities creates more risks diverse and complex as well as a wealth of opportunities for higher education institutions. A solution considered is by implementing the risk management as a new concept to understand and manage the risks associated with those activities and making new opportunities, is challenging and critical to preserving and protecting reputation, and resources of institutions. This article discussed the importance of the role of risk management and to implement a risk-management program in higher education institutions that have high expectations as a world-class education institution. The risk-management program is also more optimal if it supported by a good communication between all leaders and staffs in the organizational environment.

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42

Khoma, Nataliya y Ihor Vdovychyn. "Deconstruction of the Welfare State: The Impact of Globalization and Technological Factors". Revija za socijalnu politiku 27, n.º 3 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3935/rsp.v27i3.1696.

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The article aims to investigate the processes of deconstruction of the institution of the welfare state under the influence of such new challenges as economic globalization and technological revolution. The study is based on the methodological tools of neo-institutionalism. Principal exogenous and endogenous reasons for the crisis of the welfare state institution are determined. Economic globalization and technological progress are designated as decisive factors conditioning the deconstruction of the welfare state. It is stated that irrespective of the welfare state model, nowadays they all are reformed towards the activation of a working-age person and the establishment of the state of social investments. Currently the configuration of the welfare state is specified by its commitment to stimulating competition and developing the self-initiative of citizens in terms of ensuring their own prosperity. It is highlighted that economic globalization and technological progress should not be considered exclusively from the standpoint of risks for the welfare state. These two factors are identified as stimuli for further evolution of the welfare state institution for the sake of its moving out of prolonged stagnation and preserving itself as a political institution, albeit in the upgraded model. Key words welfare state institution; deconstruction of the welfare state; economic globalization; platform economy; technological progress; Industry 4.0

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Borodavina, Margarita K., Svetlana V. Rybakova y Anna V. Savina. "THE ESSENCE OF FINANCIAL UNCERTAINTY". Law Enforcement Review 4, n.º 1 (25 de mayo de 2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2020.4(1).75-84.

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The subject of the research is the concept and content of financial uncertainty as a new institution of financial law and, at the same time, a new phenomenon of financial and le-gal science. The purpose of the article is to determine the essence of financial uncertainty, to analyze the features and practical significance and identify factors that affect the occurrence of financial uncertainty. The methodology of the study includes methods of dialectical logic, analysis and synthe-sis, as well as formal legal analysis of legal acts. The main results and scope of their application. The financial uncertainty is a new institu-tion of financial law and, at the same time, a new phenomenon of financial and legal sci-ence. Although the elements of financial uncertainty as the economic phenomenon are not new and are known to the practice of financial legal relations and the norms of finan-cial legislation. Since the system of financial law is multi-spectral, especially in modern economic condi-tions, the institution of financial uncertainty, like many other institutions of financial law, is multifaceted and has its own characteristics in the framework of tax law, budget law, institutions of financial and legal regulation of banking and insurance, as well as other. For the general part of financial law, it is necessary to determine the definition of the concept of "financial uncertainty", its signs and elements. It is important to distinguish between the content of the institution of financial uncertainty in the legal regulation of fiscal interests of the state, as well as the interests of the state in public law regulation of finance of the private sector of the economy. In addition, to understand the problems of the institution of financial uncertainty in the subject of financial law, it is important to distinguish be-tween financial and monetary relations. In all cases, the key, initial condition for scientific discourse is the risky nature of financial planning and forecasting. It is the principle of planning as one of the important principles of financial law that must be studied in the development of the desired institution. Conclusions. Financial uncertainty as a legal institution is complex because uncertainty and risks permeate the entire sphere of public financial activity: fiscal, parafiscal, mone-tary (including payment). In this regard, it can be argued that aspects of financial uncer-tainty relate, in fact, to each link of the financial, credit, monetary, and payment systems, and, accordingly, to each institution of a special part of financial law.

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ASHINOVA, I. V., R. V. GURFOVA, A. M. KALMYKOVA y Z. A. NAKHUSHEVA. "ECONOMIC TRACK MODELS OF ONTOGENESIS OF REGIONAL UNIVERSITIES". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 4, n.º 12 (2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.12.04.003.

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The article is devoted to the issues of modeling the economic processes of ontogenesis that arise in the universities of a new formation. The aim of the study is to substantiate the subject area and build a mathematical model of the economic ontogenesis of a higher educational institution of a new level, the specificity of which is the fact that an educational institution has the opportunity to become an integrator, a kind of platform for ensuring economic superiority at the regional and global levels. The subject area of the model is based on the concepts and methods of the theory of innovation. The activities of the university are considered in three spaces: the space of knowledge, the space of consent and the space of innovation. Using the methods of the theory of fractional differential equations, a continuous economic and mathematical model has been built, which, at certain values of the input parameters, has a unique solution and correctly correlates with the experimental data. The proposed model is the main element of the multi-criteria model of interaction between the university economy and the economy of the region.

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Kis, Svyatoslav, Ivanna Zapukhlyak, Oleg Yatsyuk y Galyna Malynovska. "Human resources of Ukraine's health care system: a new approach to management staff development". Economic Analysis, n.º 29(4) (2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2019.04.017.

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Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of development of managerial human capital of national healthcare institutions as a basis for ensuring medical sphere effective reform. The relevance of the research is due to the high degree of implemented and planned changes dependence in the field of medicine on the knowledge, skills, skills and experience of representatives of medical institutions governing bodies. Purpose. The article analyzes the existing requirements and recommendations for the implementation of the processes of providing medical institutions with leading staff of the relevant qualification and the trajectory of its development, which became the subject of research. Attention is drawn to the need to improve approaches to the development of managerial human capital in health care facilities, taking into account the intellectual economy conditions characterized by the dominance of intangible resources. Method (methodology). Usage the approach proposed by the American psychologist E. Giselli and domestic scientists research allowed to form a graphical dependence of medical institution effectiveness on the level of management corps human capital development. In this case, the scenarios of the activity of the healthcare institution are defined and characterized, depending on the chosen trajectory of managers development. Based on the results of the substantiation of the medical institution activity optimistic scenario, a profile of manager competencies is formed in the form of professional competences and personal qualities. Results. The conducted survey of existing and potential managers of medical institutions allowed to establish the degree of importance of the developed characteristics for this category of managers. The results obtained and elaborated according to the developed methodology show the highest degree of importance for such personal characteristics as «human orientation» and «innovative ability». Proposals for improving the development of managerial human capital of medical institutions were offered in form of a list of manager abilities, skills and skills, as well as opportunities for their acquisition in the system of training managers of the medical industry.

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Sharyi, Grygorii, Hanna Obykhod y Viktor Dubіschev. "METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INSTITUTIONAL PROVISION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DECENTRALIZATION PROCESS". Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, n.º 6(25) (2019): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689/2019/6(25)/10.

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The institutional system in Ukraine, which is characterized by the rule of interests of the authorities over the interests of the society, neglect of the rights of business agents, as well as the use of power for the personal benefit of officials, is investigated. At the same time, the state is the main institution for sustainable development, which should determine the priority economic, social and environmental activities. Responsible institutions are obliged to develop the necessary mechanisms to ensure sustainability, strengthen positions in the areas of human capital development and improve the quality of life. New governance tools and mechanisms will facilitate the involvement of the private sector in the implementation of sustainable development principles through renewed relationships between business entities based on equal partnership and the use of mechanisms to ensure the harmonization of business interests in achieving social, economic and environmental sustainability. Irrationality, disproportionality, complexity of administrative-territorial entities of the united territorial communities were taken into account in this article. Ways of executive power institutionalization, development of territories in accordance with requirements of institutionalism, and its role and place in administrative-territorial reform were determined. It is argued that the only institutional set of society is an institutional matrix. Institutional matrix of society is presented as a stable triad of basic elements – macro-institutions that integrate and stabilize society: economy, politics, and culture. And the modernization of the system of public administration institutions, decentralization of powers to the level of united territorial communities should form a stable system of sustainable development of the territory and a safe socio-ecological and economic environment.

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Muhammad, Faqeer, Rehmat Karim, Javed Akhter Qureshi, Naveed Razzaq, Madeeha Zahra y Irfan Ali. "Environmental Degradation, Quality of Institutions and Tourism: New Evidence from Pakistan". International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, n.º 3 (14 de noviembre de 2019): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss3.2019.321.

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This study explores the effects of tourism, quality of institutions and FDI on environmental degradation inPakistan for the two time periods i.e. 1996-2017 and 2000-2017. Quality of institutions is included in the time period2000-2017 which is adopted from world governance indicators but due to lack of the data it has not been included insecond time (1999-2017). To find out the relationship among given variables, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regressionwas carried out, moreover, Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM test, Heteroscedasticity Test and HistogramNormality test were also applied to diagnose the econometric issues in the given models. The findings of the studyrevealed that tourism is significant and influential factor of environmental degradation in Pakistan. Similarly, foreigndirect investment is also contributing in environmental degradation but its effect is insignificant for both time periods.On the other hand, an inverse relationship is observed between quality of institution and environmental degradation.The outcomes of the study suggest that environmental degradation can be overcome by increasing the quality of theinstitutions. Moreover, the government initiatives to attract foreign tourists by introducing new visa policy, whichincludes; electronic visa, on arrival visa and opening new avenues for tourists (e.g. Kartarpur Corridor and CPECinitiatives etc.) will have tremendous impact on the national economy. However, environmental degradation is theoutcome of tourism, therefore, policy maker’s needs to consider the negative effects of tourism in addition to itspositive effects on the economy.

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48

Muhammad, Faqeer, Rehmat Karim, Javed Akhter Qureshi, Naveed Razzaq, Madeeha Zahra y Irfan Ali. "Environmental Degradation, Quality of Institutions and Tourism: New Evidence from Pakistan". International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, n.º 3 (14 de noviembre de 2019): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v10i3.321.

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This study explores the effects of tourism, quality of institutions and FDI on environmental degradation inPakistan for the two time periods i.e. 1996-2017 and 2000-2017. Quality of institutions is included in the time period2000-2017 which is adopted from world governance indicators but due to lack of the data it has not been included insecond time (1999-2017). To find out the relationship among given variables, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regressionwas carried out, moreover, Breusch-Godfrey Serial Correlation LM test, Heteroscedasticity Test and HistogramNormality test were also applied to diagnose the econometric issues in the given models. The findings of the studyrevealed that tourism is significant and influential factor of environmental degradation in Pakistan. Similarly, foreigndirect investment is also contributing in environmental degradation but its effect is insignificant for both time periods.On the other hand, an inverse relationship is observed between quality of institution and environmental degradation.The outcomes of the study suggest that environmental degradation can be overcome by increasing the quality of theinstitutions. Moreover, the government initiatives to attract foreign tourists by introducing new visa policy, whichincludes; electronic visa, on arrival visa and opening new avenues for tourists (e.g. Kartarpur Corridor and CPECinitiatives etc.) will have tremendous impact on the national economy. However, environmental degradation is theoutcome of tourism, therefore, policy maker’s needs to consider the negative effects of tourism in addition to itspositive effects on the economy.

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49

Poshka, Agim. "Ethno-Centric or Market-Centric Societies? Bilingualism vs Ethnocentrism in the Balkans". SEEU Review 13, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2018-0006.

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Abstract This paper reflects on the interaction that language and economy have in society versus an ethnocentric approach that sees other languages as challenges instead of an opportunity. The paper analyses the role that bilingualism has in the economy and how economy can impact the promotion of flexible language policies in order to open new markets. Throughout the discourse a strong focus is placed on the dilemma: can language impact and make economy beneficial? The study aims to explore how multicultural societies which often have one dominant language can benefit by opening language diversity to the business habitat with a specific focus on particular linguistic and economic developments in the Balkans after the fall of Yugoslavia. In the second part this global issues are analyzed in the local context. The study brings examples from Macedonia on how the private sector is much more advanced and innovative compared to the state institution. During this discourse few corporations active in Macedonia are analyzed in order to size the positive impact that flexible usage of language has on the economy and how state institutions can replicate this positive model. Other factors such as culture and the neurolinguistics studies have been considered as well.

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Moumtaz, Nada. "“Is the Family Waqf a Religious Institution?” Charity, Religion, and Economy in French Mandate Lebanon". Islamic Law and Society 25, n.º 1-2 (3 de abril de 2018): 37–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685195-02512p03.

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This essay analyzes a debate among Muslim jurists in French Mandate Syria and Lebanon around whether the family waqf, a form of charitable endowment dedicated to the founder’s family, is a legitimate form of the waqf and whether it should be abolished. I argue that the new categorization of the family waqf as a deviation from real charitable giving was informed by new conceptions of the economy, religion, and charity. Because the debate was among Muslim legal scholars, it also allows us to examine modern changes in the Islamic legal tradition. I show how the debate displays the use of new scientific styles of reasoning among Muslim jurists in the derivation of rules, thereby transforming the legal tradition without rupturing it.

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