Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Newfoundland. Department of Public Works and Services"

The study aimed at establishing the critical factors underlying the improvement of service delivery within the Department of Public Works in South Africa by ensuring that key elements of service delivery (cost effectiveness of services, high quality services and timeous delivery of services) are adhered to. Durban Regional Area was selected as the location of study. A total of 100 participants were randomly sampled from a population of 400 employees in the targeted area of study. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument and was administered to all the selected 100 respondents. What emerged from the study is that the Department of Public Works is marred by a number of problems, the biggest problem being the non-existence of an integrated management system, making it difficult to track the stages of services to be delivered and this resulted in huge delays in delivering the services to the clients. The quantitative results showed that the Department has staff members who are suitably skilled for the work rendered, but these skills alone are not sufficient if the Department is lacking in the critical resources required to deliver services. Since Department of Public Works is a technical department, it is recommended that skilled employees such as quantity surveyors, engineers as well as information technology experts be at the forefront of priorities. It is also very important that guidelines, policies and business processes for all sections in the department are well communicated to all staff.

Semarang City Public Works Department is a state-owned enterprise that works in the area of public services in the city of Semarang. Most of the technological conditions in the Public Works Department are still in manual data management, which is hampering business processes from going well. Therefore this research was conducted to design an Information System at the Semarang City Public Works Department using the Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) method which includes a SWOT analysis and Value Chain analysis. The existing framework in the Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) method can help align the data architecture and application architecture to get the expected results, which is achieving the business objectives of the City of Semarang Public Works Department so that business functions can run by the desired business processes. This research resulted in several proposals for the development of Information Systems and Information Technology in organizations including the development of several applications in the next 5 years.

<p>This present study examines the level of customer satisfaction of three government agencies Royal Malaysian Police (RMP), National Registration Department (NRD), and the Public Works Department (PWD) in Malaysia. Studies on these three government agencies were conducted in Selangor, Johor, Perak, and Pulau Pinang since these agencies in these states received the highest complaint from consumers. A total of 270 employees and 627 customers from these three agencies of the four states were the respondents of the present study. Results showed customers are not satisfied with the services given by the government agencies (RMP, NRD, and PWD). Therefore, efforts to improve employee’s attitudes, and more reforms in the areas of work should be continued by the Government of Malaysia in government agencies in order to maintain the excellent work.</p>

Objectives To describe the context and key drivers for regionalization of one provincial health care system in Canada; to document the original expectations of regionalization on governance and the extent to which these expectations were met; to identify the perceived successes and weaknesses of the process; and to examine the key issues and concerns that warrant further consideration and action in the future. Methods Forty-five CEO/senior administrator or senior health department officials in the period 1993-2001 were invited to participate, of whom 35 were interviewed (67% of senior health officials and 85% of CEOs/ senior administrators). Results For the most part, key informants felt that expectations of reform with respect to reduction in the number of boards and integration of services under each board's mandate did occur. However, ongoing financial restraint, failure to include the full range of health services under the regional board mandate (including physician and pharmaceutical services), uncertainty regarding the level of authority the regional boards had for decision-making, and unclear accountability mechanisms between the regional boards and the provincial Ministry of Health limited the extent to which broader expectations related to development of a population health focus, and improved continuity of care for individuals and families was achieved. Conclusions Implications for policy-makers were identified in four main areas: alignment between health policy goals and the governance structure; clarification of authority and accountability relationships; clarification of roles and responsibilities among all key actors; and strengthening of mechanisms that support accountability.

Wanda Alexander works in the Resource Development Area of Hennepin County’s Human Services and Public Health Department. The resource development area is a new, small, entrepreneurial segment of a very large department in a large metropolitan area. She serves the county as an innovative bridge builder under the direction of Bob Olander, a man who grants her latitude to cultivate relationships, shares her excitement about collaborative prospects, and helps her stay focused on the ultimate agenda of upholding the underserved.

Local governments in the Philippines are the nearest service units to its citizens. They are expected to deliver quality services to their constituents. As recipients of the different services, citizens are deemed in better position to assess whether quality services are delivered by the different municipalities in the country. In order to address the need to gather citizens’ feedback on the service delivery performance of the local government units (LGU), the Department of Interior and Local Government developed the Citizen Satisfaction Index System (CSIS). The municipality of Tumauini in the province of Isabela is one of the selected LGUs to implement the CSIS project in the country to measure its performance in service delivery for 2018. This study assessed the awareness and satisfaction of the people in Tumauini, Isabela on the services for Public Works and Infrastructure delivered by the LGU. There were 150 respondents selected using the multi-stage probability sampling method. In gathering the data needed, face to face interview was used with the aid of survey questionnaire. Overall, results revealed that citizens of Tumauini are aware and satisfied with the different service indicators of the Public Works and Infrastructure programs. Results of the study may help local government officials in crafting policies and making management decisions to improve the performance of the local government of Tumauini in the provision and delivery of Public Works and Infrastructure services to its constituents.

The Telehealth Tasmania Network is a statewide network covering a range of primary care services including Wound Management, Diabetes Education and Support, Specialist Clinics, Mental Health, Palliative Care, and health professional support and education. The Tasmanian Department of Health and Human Services instigated the Telehealth Network in conjunction with the Commonwealth Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts. The Network is built on a community development and primary care model. It is unique in that consultation with service providers and clients has determined the sites and services. Integration with other agencies is a key feature, with shared infrastructure ensuring viability and sustainability. Evaluation is an integral part of the design, development and implementation of the Network. It is a forward-looking process to guide program and policy development. Although the take-up rate has been relatively slow and uneven, the evaluation findings demonstrate how Information Technology and Advanced Telecommunications are being used effectively to link primary care services with each other and with acute care and institutional services. Key external factors for success and failure have been identified, showing that what works well in one place may well fail in another.

Knowledge sharing has been acknowledged as the right mechanism for public servants to share best practices in performing work among workers. The sharing of best practices on learning by actions (doing) seems to enhance motivation among public servants to provide quality services. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between knowledge sharing and public service motivation among civil servants in the Department of Student Affairs, UiTM Merlimau and Public Works Department (JKR), Jasin, Malaysia. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed but only 118 questionnaires were validly returned and used. The findings demonstrate that the level of knowledge sharing practices in both organisations is at moderate level. Pearson correlation analysis shows that policy making, commitment to public interests, social justice, civic duty, compassion and self-sacrifice have significant relationships with knowledge sharing practices. Meanwhile, multiple regression analysis reveals that only commitment to public interests, social justice as well as civic duty significantly influence the practices of knowledge sharing. The findings conclude that knowledge sharing is key element used by civil servants in producing public service motivation.

The Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Civil Rights (OCR) enforces Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act and Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act. OCR works through complaint investigations and compliance reviews, as well as outreach, technical assistance, and public education to promote voluntary compliance. In the Olmstead decision of June 1999, the Supreme Court held that the ADA’s “integration regulation” requires state and local government to administer services, programs, and activities in the most integrated setting appropriate to the needs of qualified individuals with disabilities. The decision changed the focus from whether a right to more integrated services exists, to under what circumstances and how services will be provided. The New Freedom Initiative announced by President Bush in February 2001 is a broadbased initiative to remove barriers to community living for people with disabilities and promote swift implementation of the Olmstead decision.

One of the most frequent tasks of Public Works and Spatial Planning (PUPR) of Grobogan Regency is the handling of road damage with routine road maintenance. Implementation of material procurement is done contractually with provider of goods / services while for the implementation of activities in the field implemented by UPTD area according to location of activity. So in the implementation of road maintenance activities PUPR Service Grobogan District requires a method of engineering value or commonly called Value Engineering in order to be implemented efficiently and optimally. The purpose of this study is to determine the cost efficiency in the implementation of road maintenance; know the cost components that have the potential to be saved / streamlined in the implementation of road maintenance and also to know the extent to which this value engineering can be applied to the implementation of road maintenance on a self-managed basis. The method used is descriptive qualitative with analytical technique using value engineering to answer the background of problem and purpose. The results of this study indicate that contractual road maintenance is cheaper because it does not rent equipment but has a short plan life of maximum 3 years. While road maintenance is done by self-managed has a plan life of up to 5 years. The cost of renting equipment is a very possible component to save. Value engineering also yields a final conclusion that road maintenance work carried out with self-managed systems has a short and efficient procedure; better road quality and faster processing times compared to conventional systems. Keywords: Grobogan District; Road Maintenance; Value Engineering.

In July 1996, La Trobe University's Schools of English, Nursing and Public Health joined forces to produce a unique program for three Writers-in-Residence. For six weeks the writers spent one day a week teaching writing techniques to clients from two Community Health Centres. In response, the clients and staff drew on their experiences of illness and health, producing autobiographical and fictional works. The Writers-in-Residence Program was funded by the Literature Board of the Australia Council. Financial support was also provided by the Public Health Branch of the Victorian Department of Health and Community Services. The writers involved were author Andrea Goldsmith, playwright Ray Mooney and poet Earl Livings. Projects involving two of these authors are described here.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the western world. Acute exacerbations of COPD were a major cause of hospital admissions and emergency department attendances and represented a considerable economic burden on health resources in the Northern Sydney Area Health Service of Sydney, NSW. To redress deficits in access and equity in health care delivery and to align with best practice, the Area Health Service implemented a comprehensive, interagency, multidisciplinary model of care for chronic respiratory disease in the community setting. The BREATHE program provides nursing, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, clinical psychology, pharmacy and community care aid services in a client's home at a flexible level according to their acuity and complexity of health care needs. This program works in collaboration with primary care providers to provide specialty respiratory services not previously available. Since commencement of client intake in 2001, the program has observed reductions in health care utilisation and improvement in health outcomes.

References to the ‘natural’ are common in public health messaging about breastfeeding. For example, the WHO writes that ‘Breast milk is the natural first food for babies’ and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has a breastfeeding promotion campaign called ‘It’s only natural’, which champions breastfeeding as the natural way to feed a baby. This paper critically examines the use of ‘natural’ language in breastfeeding promotion by public health and medical bodies. A pragmatic concern with selling breastfeeding as ‘natural’ is that this may reinforce the already widespread perspective that natural options are presumptively healthier, safer and better, a view that works at cross-purposes to public health and medicine in other contexts. An additional concern is that given the history of breastfeeding in the USA, ‘natural’ evokes specific and controversial conceptions of gender and motherhood.

Cooperation differently oriented public institutions in order to develop leisure activities of people with disabilities is crucial in relation to the implementation of a series of legislative standards (UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Act on the promotion of sports, etc.). The city of Olomouc is one of the most active operators in the long term municipal level, which addresses support for people with disabilities or physical handicaps comprehensively. In 2012, the APA Center began an intense collaboration (Department APA, FTK UP in Olomouc) with the Department of Social Affairs to address accessibility of cultural and sports facilities, public spaces, playgrounds, etc for people woth special needs. As part of efforts to unify methodologies and sharing information we intend to use in the monitoring of barrier-free collaboration with Kazuist company. APA Center was invited to a group of community planning in the city of Olomouc. In addressing the use of specific professional works contracts by the city for the development of leisure activities, promotion of tourism and social services.

This research aimed to analyze the strategy of Padang City Government in developing the Muaro Lasak beach as tourism icons. This was a qualitative research with descriptive qualitative method. Informants of this research were determined with purposive sampling, that was Tourism and Culture Department of Padang City, Public Works and Public Housing Services of Padang City, the tourists, traders, and parking attendants on the Muaro Lasak beach. This research used primary and secondary data derived from observation, interview, and documentation study. Validity tested of this data used source triangulation technique, and than the data were analyzed with qualitative data technique. The results of the research showed that neeed increased supervision, security and development in the strategy of Padang City Government in developing the Muaro Lasak beach as tourism icons. In addition, there are supporting factors and inhibiting factors in this case.

According to Presidential Regulation No. 54 of 2010 article 50 paragraph (3) there are 5 (five) contract of procurement goods and services based on payment namely lump sum contract, unit price contract, the combination of lump sum and unit price contract, percentage contract and turnkey contract. Of those five contract types, lump sum and unit price contracts are the most common contract applied in construction work; but other types are also possible to be applied. Government Regulation No. 29 of 2000 article 21 paragraph (2) states “Construction work contract of unit price payment as stated in article 20 paragraph (3) part a number 2 is a contract on services for each completed unit of work within the time given with fixed price for each unit based on volume of work done by service Supplier”. However, there are many service Suppliers in Department of Public Works that do not fully understand about unit price contract in construction work. Thus, the objective of this study is to find out the important considerations in applying unit price contract in work construction.

Abstract The logistical bases are large units of logistical support which are composed of specialized logistical units that can be in the subordination of infantry divisions and of the branches of the army/command units. One of the most important tasks assigned to the base is representd by procurement of goods, services and works in accordance with the legal competences, or delegated by the secondary credit release authority. At the level of a logistical base, the management of public acquisitions represents a complex process, coordinated by the commandant and run by the structure of acquisitions or the corresponding micro-structure within the logistical department, which aims at providing the functional, economic and judicial framework, necessary for initiating, carrying on and finalizing the organized procedures with a view to satisfying its own needs and of the assigned units.

Purpose: Noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus are prevalent and costly problems for military personnel and Veterans. To reduce the prevalence and burden of these conditions, the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs are working together to develop an interactive, computer-based, multimedia hearing loss prevention education program that can be delivered at military bases, primary care or other medical settings. Method: One participant at a time interacts with the program inside a sound-attenuated enclosure that is large enough for wheelchair access. A computer touch screen allows participants to select among a variety of activities, including a self-administered screening test of high-frequency hearing; learning why, when, and how to protect hearing; learning how hearing works and how loud sounds damage hearing; learning how sound intensity is measured and which sounds are too loud; listening to demonstrations of simulated hearing loss; learning how to select and use hearing protective devices; learning about tinnitus; and learning about hearing health care services available at each site. Results/Conclusions: The program will be made available to all Veterans, military personnel, and other members of the public through the internet and at medical centers throughout the country.

In recent years Malaysian government has started to pay more attention to the landslide issues, as public outcries grew louder. Some local authorities that are at the front line of public anger whenever major landslides occurred have yet to provide better services while others utilized guidelines and relevant acts to act against errant developers and land owners. As a consequence of this, Public Works Department (PWD) and its Slope Engineering Branch (CKC) will require training, not only in the procedures themselves, but also in regards to the basis of landslide mechanisms, landslide risk assessment and dealing with geotechnical reports at best professional manner. In addition to the success of implementing for the National Slope Master Plan NSMP 2009-2023 would depend on every stakeholder and relevant authorities that includes the public residents and most of all the political parties of the Malaysian government and it is therefore local government and other regulators must establish strong internal procedures for dealing with land use and development proposals on land situated within a landslide susceptibility. Hence, the significance to further examine and assess the value of Malaysian NSMP as being comprehensive national disaster management strategy and a constitution of landside mitigation measures

Public works agencies are focusing increasingly on the concepts of quality and customer service in response to growing demands for accountability and improved performance. In an effort to gauge customers' satisfaction with the services they provide, state transportation departments are beginning to solicit feedback from their customers to complement more traditional performance measures. This article reports the findings of a large-scale survey of the principal customers of the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation's highway maintenance program. The sample size and the disproportionally stratified sampling strategy were aimed at providing reliable data for 67 individual county-level maintenance units. The results indicate widespread variation in motorists' ratings of road quality, which correlate moderately with more traditional engineering-oriented measures of road quality, but it is clear that they offer a different perspective on service quality, which transportation departments will have to learn more about if they are serious about improving customer satisfaction.

Emerging contractors play a critical role in the South African economy in terms of rendering services to government especially in the construction sector. However, literature findings reveal that some of the SMMEs are unable to deliver their projects successfully due to project management issues. The focus of this study was to establish the project management factors influencing the successful delivery of construction projects by emerging contractors in the Mahikeng area of South Africa. A mixed design research method was used to collect, analyse and derive the findings. Findings revealed that projects do not comply with the time, scope, cost and quality requirements. Focus group interview results attributed these problems to lack of project management skills among the emerging contractors. It is recommended that more support initiatives from the South African Department of Public Works, and other key stakeholders in the construction industry be provided to these contractors

The small island of Jersey is served by a single wastewater treatment plant at Bellozanne. Since its inception some 30 years ago the sludge produced has been used on agricultural land. Inevitably there are circumstances which prevent this happening without interruption, eg, poor weather, or seasonal demand. On these occasions, the island has no other disposal option to fall back on. Furthermore, concerns over the practice have created a perception that it might be doing harm to the ‘quality' of the farm produce. The responsible body, the Public Services Department, formulated a flexible, multiple option solution and commissioned Halcrow to engineer the capital works. The works centre around a thermal drying plant using biogas produced by the digestion process as the main fuel. Waste heat is recovered for digester heating making the total process potentially self sufficient in energy. At the same time, the bulk of the product is reduced considerably, providing an easily transported material with potential for use directly on the land as a fertilizer substitute or as a low grade fuel. Farfrom being a disposal problem requiring manpower and expense, sludge will soon be regarded by the States of Jersey as a valuable resource with a revenue potential.

The commitment of teachers of Physical Education Department in colleges are conducting PE course, training sports team, organizing sports science research, social sports service of the whole school etc. Methods are adopted, such as documentary, questionnaire investigation, and mathematical statistics etc., to have the gender, age, record of formal schooling status and in-service training status of PE faculty of colleges in Tianjin surveyed. According to the investigation, we can draw the conclusion that improving gender structure, cultivating scientific research team should be paid close attention to improve the teaching level when teachers are introduced in Tianjin universities. PE of colleges is not only considered to be an important component of higher education, whose quality is measured by Morality, intelligence and physique, but also an aspect which can not be ignored. The faculty of the department of Physical Education in colleges is liable for a series of important works such as Physical education curriculum teaching, sports training and sports research, students' extracurricular physical exercising guidance and services such as social sports. Many factors, such as high quality and structure of faculty resources and cultivating younger teachers, are playing an important influence on the future quality of education. In order to provide certain theoretical basis and theoretical support for the teaching management of public PE department of colleges in Tianjin, available suggestions to optimize the existing personnel structure and echelon construction could be contributed through the investigation.

Portland, Maine had a traditional bargaining relationship. It now has one of the most complete programs of service-focused labor management cooperation of any place in the country. A broad range of city services, including an emerging effort in public safety are now run this way, with workers and their union leaders, managers and elected officials all benefitting from and praising the new relationship. Portland made this radical transformation without a crisis of fiscal pressure. New leadership in the city manager's office and responsive leadership in key bargaining units led to an experiment on the building of Hadlock Field. A partnership between the department head and the president of the AFSCME local led the project. Instead of contracting out to meet a short deadline and employ skills that didn't seem to exist, the parties worked out a special set of arrangements and via cross-training, teamwork and dedication completed the stadium in seven months, millions under the expected budget. From the pride and satisfaction of this joint effort, Portland, AFSCME and other key units worked to create a new participative relationship across the full range of city services. The effort has produced major cost savings and service improvements, has strengthened both the management and the union and has produced a far less adversarial bargaining relationship. In one innovation, separate services were split up and reorganized into district teams, providing customer-oriented public works services in areas that match city council districts. Cross training and new responsibilities have resulted in new opportunities and pay raises, yet have saved time and money. The piece, co-authored by union and management leaders from Portland, illustrates the breadth and depth of what they have achieved without a crisis as the initiating factor.

The main purpose of the temporary disability expertise is to evaluate the patient's health status, the quality and effectiveness of the treatment, the ability to carry out professional activities, as well as determining the extent and timing of temporary disability. One of the main tasks of examination of temporary disability, along with the adoption of science-based decisions about the patient's working capacity and determination of temporary disability is the identification of the employee long-term or permanent disability to the established procedure for survey on mediko-social examination. Regulatory documents there are levels of examination of temporary disability in a medical organization: the attending physician and the medical Commission of the medical organization. The right medical organization for conducting work and services in examination of temporary disability is determined by the presence of the license for medical activity and the examination of temporary disability. The participants in the expert process should have a document enhance the skills of professionals involved in the declared works (services). This article presents the experience of the Department of social pediatrics and public health, faculty of postgraduate and additional professional education SPbSPMU for training physicians, Deputy chief physicians in the examination of temporary disability, chairmen and members of medical commissions, the organization and carrying out examination of temporary incapacity.

Recent developments and advances in distributed energy resource (DER) technologies make them valuable assets in microgrids. This paper presents an innovative evaluation framework for microgrid assets to capture economic benefits from various grid and behind-the-meter services in grid-connecting mode and resilience benefits in islanding mode. In particular, a linear programming formulation is used to model different services and DER operational constraints to determine the optimal DER dispatch to maximize economic benefits. For the resiliency analysis, a stochastic evaluation procedure is proposed to explicitly quantify the microgrid survivability against a random outage, considering uncertainties associated with photovoltaic (PV) generation, system load, and distributed generator failures. Optimal coordination strategies are developed to minimize unserved energy and improve system survivability, considering different levels of system connectedness. The proposed framework has been applied to evaluate a proposed microgrid in Northampton, Massachusetts that would link the Northampton Department of Public Works, Cooley Dickenson Hospital, and Smith Vocational Area High School. The findings of this analysis indicate that over a 20-year economic life, a 441 kW/441 kWh battery energy storage system, and 386 kW PV solar array can generate $2.5 million in present value benefits, yielding a 1.16 return on investment ratio. Results of this study also show that forming a microgrid generally improves system survivability, but the resilience performance of individual facilities varies depending on power-sharing strategies.

Abstract Objectives Expectant and parenting students (EPS) at community colleges are an underserved and often under-resourced group. In a rural, Midwestern state, the department of public health was awarded the Pregnancy Assistance Fund (PAF) grant to assist this population. This paper outlines the results of the implementation evaluation and offers suggestions for programs and evaluators working with this population in the community college setting. Methods We conducted a multicomponent evaluation utilizing quantitative and qualitative methods. Evaluation activities included tracking activities/services, surveys and interviews with participants, and interviews with community college staff implementing grant activities. The research team calculated frequencies for quantitative data and coded qualitative data for themes. Results Data from the community colleges and students’ self-reports revealed that EPS most commonly received concrete support from the program, often in the form of stipends or gift cards. Students reported that concrete support was beneficial and helped to relieve financial stress during the semester. Students’ major barriers to participation were lack of knowledge about the program and busy schedules that prevented them from accessing PAF services. Staff reported that difficulty identifying EPS and the short one-year project period were major implementation challenges. Conclusions for Practice We recommend that community colleges work to identify EPS, use fellow EPS to recruit program participants, and implement programming that works with the students’ schedules.

The mission of the Region IV (R-IV) Public Health Training Center (PHTC), headquartered at the Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University in Atlanta, GA, is to develop and implement programming to train and educate public health professionals in U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Region IV. To identify public health workforce development needs, the R-IV PHTC created a systematic process that included the implementation of a variety of strategies, to gain insights from each state within the diverse region. Conducting regular needs assessments is an integral step to ensure trainings are relevant and meet the needs of public health professionals. To this end, the PHTC employed a mixed methods approach to gather information on both competency-based and non–competency-based training needs, as well as training needs within R-IV’s content focus area of infectious disease. In R-IV there is great variability between the structures of the state and local health departments (e.g., some centralized, some decentralized), each of which faces different funding challenges and works with different service delivery models and regulatory authorities. Moreover, states have diverse populations (e.g., races, urban/rural, migrant/refugees, tribal, Appalachian) and face a wide range of public health priority concerns. Health departments were found to be at different stages of readiness to undertake a training needs assessment due to a number of issues, including their stage of pursuing Public Health Accreditation Board accreditation and recent participation in other needs assessment efforts. The R-IV PHTC approach to assessing training needs within this challenging environment is described.

IntroductionThe modalities of telemedicine that have been developed and applied so far by the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging at the National University of Asunción (IICS-UNA) are as follows: (i) telediagnosis: the remote sending of data, signals, and images for diagnostic purposes; (ii) general telediagnostic imaging; (iii) telemonitoring (including telemetry): remote monitoring of vital parameters to provide automatic or semi-automatic surveillance or alarm services in emergencies, epidemiology, or tele-public health; and (iv) tele-education: the use of telematic networks to provide virtual platforms for educating and training health professionals.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive review of the scientific works developed by the IICS-UNA in order to evaluate the systematic implementation of Telemedicine in Paraguay. Documents, pilot projects (satellite telegraphy), telediagnostic research, telematics, tele-education, published articles, and statistical data (number of patients attending or studies performed, etcetera) relating to the implementation of the National Telemedicine System by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare since 1999 were reviewed.ResultsImplementation of the telemedicine system has meant that 472,038 patients have attended referral centers nationwide, with 297,999 electrocardiographs, 165,323 computed tomography scans, and 8,697 electroencephalograms being conducted. Projects developed within the framework of the Telemedicine Research Line have included the following: (i)Development and validation of a clinical telemicroscopy system based on cellular telephony;(ii)Implementation of a telemetry system for temperature monitoring of the collection of biological samples from a biomedical research center; and(iii)Production and development of a virtual campus at the National University of Asunción.ConclusionsGiven the current healthcare environment, developing a line of research based on telemedicine is a proactive step, since telemedicine provides an alternative solution to the problem of access to the health system. That is why the IICS-UNA Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Department has developed telemedicine as one of its main lines of research.

Abstract Introduction Brooke Army Medical Center (BAMC), the largest military hospital and the only level 1 trauma center in the DoD, cares for active duty, retired uniformed services personnel, and beneficiaries. In addition, BAMC works in collaboration with the Southwest Texas Regional Advisory Council (STRAC) and University Hospital (UH), San Antonio’s other level 1 trauma center, to provide trauma care to residents of the city and 22 counties in southwest Texas from San Antonio to Mexico (26,000 square mile area). Civilian-military partnerships are shown to benefit the training of military medical personnel; however, to date, there are no published reports specific to military personnel experiences within emergency care. The purpose of the current study was to describe and compare the emergency department trauma patient populations of two level 1 trauma centers in one metropolitan city (BAMC and UH) as well as determine if DoD level 1 trauma cases were representative of patients treated in OEF/OIF emergency department settings. Materials and Methods We obtained a nonhuman subjects research determination for de-identified data from the US Air Force 59th Medical Wing and the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Institutional Review Boards. Data on emergency department patients treated between the years 2015 and 2017 were obtained from the two level 1 trauma centers (BAMC and UH, located in San Antonio, Texas); data included injury descriptors, ICU and hospital days, and department procedures. Results Two-proportion Z-tests indicated that trauma patients were similar across trauma centers on injury type, injury severity, and discharge status; yet trauma patients differed significantly in terms of mechanism of injury and regions of injury. BAMC received significantly greater proportions of patients injured from falls, firearms and with facial and head injuries than UH, which received significantly greater proportion of patients with thorax and abdominal injuries. In addition, a significantly greater proportion of patients spent more than 2 days in the ICU and greater than two total hospital days at BAMC than in UH. In comparison to military emergency departments in combat zones, BAMC had significantly lower rates of blood product administration and endotracheal intubations. Conclusions The trauma patients treated at a military level 1 trauma center were similar to those treated in the civilian level 1 trauma center in the same city, indicating the effectiveness of the only DoD Level 1 trauma center to provide experience comparable to that provided in civilian trauma centers. However, further research is needed to determine if the exposure rates to specific procedures are adequate to meet predeployment readiness requirements.

The road network of Papua New Guinea includes 8,258 km of national classified roads and another 19,937 km of lesser-trafficked but equally important provincial roads. The value of the national road network is more than 5 billion Kina (US$1 billion). Maintaining this significant asset places a great responsibility on the government and the Department of Works (DOW). Sadly, insufficient attention has been given to maintaining the road network. There is no doubt that poorly maintained roads have a significant adverse effect on national economic growth, with an adverse effect on gross domestic product. In a developing country such as Papua New Guinea, there is always a need to provide a basic level of access to all areas of the country to be able to provide basic services for all the population (access to markets, administrative, health, education). A poorly maintained road network limits access and deprives rural populations of basic services. Therefore, DOW, with funds and guidance provided by the Asian Development Bank, has, with the assistance of a Finnroad consultant, developed a road asset management system (RAMS). RAMS is a tool for storing and presenting road data information, planning short-and long-term road maintenance, creating budgets, and maximizing economic returns of investments made for the road network. The government of Papua New Guinea has also established requirements for institutional reform and strengthening under its public sector reform program. Furthermore, responding to community and other stakeholder pressure, the government has committed itself to launching a road sector reform program.

The Residential and Building Development Information Center (PIP2B) is an innovative institution that is targeted to become a public institution that supports the implementation of housing and settlements. Which in its establishment is facilitated by the Central Government and belongs to the Provincial Public Works Department of Central Kalimantan. In support of housing and settlement operations, the Settlement and Building Development Information Center (PIP2B) provides ease of services and access to information on various elements: planners, implementers, building materials entrepreneurs, government, communities and academics. This research is motivated by the many complaints from Palangka Raya City community about Information Service in Information Center of Settlement and Building Development (PIP2B) still can not be felt by society evenly. Type of research used is descriptive qualitative research. Research that aims to describe and describe events and phenomena that occur in the field and presents data in a systematic, factual, and accurate about the facts or phenomena that occur in the field. Data collection techniques in this study using observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that based on the results of interviews and research documentation with Tangible indicator, realibility, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy as well as related to service indicators, it can be drawn some conclusions as seen from the many research findings in the field either due to inadequate facilities and infrastructure the lack of facilities provided, and the lack of communication between the Office of Information Development Information Settlement and Building (PIP2B) with the Ministry of PUPR.

Background and context: According to GLOBOCAN data 2012, cervical cancer in Indonesia was in 2nd rank of cancer incidence for women in Indonesia. Aim: To raise public awareness toward cervical cancer and to increase the number of citizens who go through the early detection procedure of cervical cancer in Jakarta. Strategy/Tactics: In January 2017, Department of Health of Special Capital Region of Jakarta issued a new policy to increase the rate of cervical cancer screening in the city. The new policy includes: 1. A new reporting system in which all the patients who are subjected to cervical cancer screening to be recorded in a special form, so it can be well reported and traced. 2. The changes in the conventional way of cervical cancer screening in primary health centers into mobile service to make the medical staffs able to easily reach patients who live in peripheral areas in Jakarta. Program/Policy process: The enhancement of health education on cervical cancer and health promotion regarding the importance of cervical cancer screening using public transportation (Transjakarta bus), Papanicolaou test, and VIA test socialization in primary health centers. The results were obtained and assessed between January 2017-December 2017. Early detection rates were expected to increase by 50% compared with 2016. Outcomes: The results obtained include: 1. The new reporting system works as expected, tracing the patient with a positive VIA value becomes easier to monitor. 2. Medical teams are more active on introducing the early detection cervical cancer screening to society. 3. Various innovations were carried out, among others, by using public transportation, motorcycles to carry the medical tools and devices, a modified car that is equipped with mobile health services, and a house of citizens and the community hall that were turned into a place for examination. The number of people who have started to realize to do early detection after being educated with the knowledge of VIA test and cervical cancer is increased. The number of citizens who joined the cervical cancer early detection in 2016 was 48,960. After the policy and innovation was applied, the number increased into 105,060 citizens (increased by 114% from the previous year). What was learned: The increase of early detection rate of cervical cancer is quite significant from the previous year. For patients with positive result in their VIA test, cryotherapy was included as the part of treatment and follow-up. Costs incurred due to the treatment of cervical cancer can be reduced. With the result of this study, we can learn that there is an improvement in the quality of health services so that the number of deaths and morbidity from cervical cancer in Jakarta can be reduced.

Introduction Across the last two decades, ultrasound services in many healthcare sectors have become increasingly pressurised as a consequence of upsurging demand and difficulties in recruiting viable clinicians. Indeed by 2013, the UK government’s Migration Advisory Committee had listed sonography as an official ‘shortage specialty’. Comparatively little research has to date, however, explored the impacts of this situation upon the departments themselves, and the individuals working therein. The core purpose of this study is, thus, to lend qualitative depth to current understandings of the frontline situation in the UK’s ultrasound units, many of which are understaffed, from the perspective of their managers. Methods Using a thematic analysis informed by a Straussian model of Grounded Theory, N = 20 extended accounts provided by ultrasound department leads in public ( n = 18) and private ( n = 2) units were explored. Results Four global themes emerged from the analysis of which the first two (the broadly sociological matters) are described in this paper. Theme 1 addresses how a lack of staff in the broader ultrasound economy has created a troublesome migratory system in contemporary UK ultrasound. Theme 2 addresses how this economy works chiefly to the advantage of the most junior and the most senior clinicians, often leaving mid-career professionals in the borderline impossible situation of having to concurrently occupy both junior and senior roles. Conclusions The findings ideally open up debate on some key practical contingencies of the UK’s sonographer shortage, and reflect upon literature regarding the nuanced aspects of a shifting healthcare workplace constitution.

This study seeks to present ways or methods of applying accounting aspects in terms of controlling zakat administration, such as reports and institutional data. Administrative governance is an important thing to do, considering that zakat management requires valid, easy and clear data. Administrations such as finance, services, to reporting on institutional improvements require accounting to be more systematic and well-recorded. Because what has been a problem from the past until now, is the unification of the administration of zakat funds, it is still monotonous, rigid and manual. As a result, the required data is often not found. This has an impact on the effectiveness and development of the zakat institution itself. Therefore, by using a descriptive qualitative field study, this study will examine practically the application of zakat accounting for administrative regularity. The data collected comes from data about how zakat accounting works, hereinafter referred to as primary data. Primary data were collected through interview and documentation techniques with data analysis, reduction, editing and display. Data is only presented when it is final and there are no conflicts. From the research results, important things were found, namely 1) based on public accountants, PSAK No. 109, several policies made by BAZNAS East Java have not been realized. The reason for this problem is due to the ineffective management of zakat, infaq and shadaqah funds and the lack of adequate human resources in these business entities. 2) the method taken in completing it is to train and add quality human resources, especially in the accounting and finance departments. Then fix the information system at the accountant department.

PurposeIt is a well held belief that the full moon period and the date Friday 13th has an impact on the number of emergency call outs for emergency services. The purpose of this paper is to critically explore that belief. It also examines the versatility and richness of response records, and demonstrates the effectiveness of combining data sets.Design/methodology/approachThe work takes four varied data sets, from four rescue agencies along with the International Search and Rescue Database and compared the average number of calls on a full moon night, non-full moon and full moon period (the full moon night, the day before and day after). The average number of incidents on Friday 13th was also investigated. It uses a statistical approach to test the difference between “normal” dates and those dates traditionally believed to be busier.FindingsAlthough there were differences between Friday 13th, full moon nights, full moon periods and “normal” days, the differences were in general extremely small, not significantly significant and in most cases actually dropped during the supposedly unlucky period. The exception to this is a very small increase in the average number of responses during full moons for most data sets, although this was not statistically significant. This paper concludes that there is no evidence in the data for any impact of the full moon upon rescue teams’ activities.Research limitations/implicationsThis research deals with a small set of responses, from the UK only, and addresses an issue that is clearly not the most pressing. However, it does demonstrate evidenced-based management in practice, in that resources have incorrectly been assigned in the past to these dates.Practical implicationsThis work shows that preconceptions exist within the emergency services and that, without evidence-led management, resources can be allocated on hearsay. This shows that widely available software and techniques can be applied to organisational data and used to make management decisions more appropriate.Social implicationsRescue organisations are almost exclusively charity or public sector organisations, meaning that their budgets are sourced from donations or the tax-payer. Putting to bed misconceptions over resources for certain dates will ultimately benefit society in those terms.Originality/valueThere has been very little work on this phenomenon, although some works on A&E department admissions have taken place. This is the only work to date to combine data in this way for this purpose.

What is the best way to promote bicycle transportation? Are people afraid to ride bicycles because motorists will run them over? Are there enough bicycle facilities available? Is promoting bicycle transportation a wise use of tax dollars? What percentage of the population currently rides bicycles? The San Diego Association of Governments allocates approximately $2 million annually on bicycling projects throughout San Diego County, California. Both the county of San Diego and the city of San Diego employ full-time bicycle coordinators. Periodically, questions and comments will arise regarding bicycling policies. “Why are they spending so much money on bicycle lanes? No one ever bicycles down this street.” “If they would build more bicycle paths, I would ride my bicycle to work instead of drive.” “How do they expect people to ride bicycles if they don’t maintain the pavement?” The San Diego County Bicycle Use and Attitude Survey was commissioned at the behest of the San Diego County Public Works Department to determine existing levels of bicycle usage and bicycling attitudes among San Diego County residents. A total of 3,800 interviews, conducted during February and March 1994 by telephone throughout the county, provided valuable insight into a large range of bicycling issues. The survey found that a majority (58 percent) of those residents polled reported that they were bicycle owners, and that a majority (68 percent) of those households in which bicycles were present reported that the adults bicycled. Respondents who bicycle chose bicycle paths, which are separated from motor vehicles, as their preferred bikeway facility. Almost three-fourths of the respondents (73 percent) stated that they did not bicycle at night. Only 15 percent of respondents who rode a bicycle at least once within the past year reported riding for transportation purposes. Over 99 percent of all respondents stated that they did not belong to a bicycling organization. A majority of respondents (over 70 percent) had not heard of various government programs that provided bicycle maps and bicycle information, and less than 10 percent of respondents have used these services. The majority of bicycling households (86 percent) reported being at least somewhat satisfied with the level of bikeway maintenance provided. Overall, survey respondents expressed support for government efforts to promote bicycle transportation.

Extension actions and projects can help maintain the relationship between the university and society, in order to meet the needs of the external community, maintaining connections with social demands, public policies and diverse social movements in order to reduce inequalities and promote social inclusion. The project UFS de Braços Abertos, which is linked to the course in Tourism, is one such project. It offers guided tours for visiting elementary and high school students to the university campus, in order to present the university, its courses, the services offered, and the research and extension projects developed, creating a closer relationship between higher education and basic education. Based on this premise, this work analyzes the relationship between tourism, university extension and basic education, through the guided tours conducted as part of the UFS de Braços Abertos project, focusing on specifically on the participation of the Executive Secretarial course. In terms of approach to the problem, this study used qualitative research. The methodological procedures adopted were bibliographic research, and interviews with the head of the Executive Secretarial department and students of the course. We also sought to identify the perceptions of lecturers of the Executive Secretarial course in relation to the importance of the project, and the visits by school students to the University. The project helps to demystify the widely held perception, among students in basic education, that attending a federal university is a distant reality. The school students often arrive with this view, but after the visit, they are able to understand more how this universe works, and can dream of applying for place at university when they leave school. The report of experience presented clearly shows the important role of the UFS de Braços Abertos project, not only for the school students who may enter the university in the future, but also for students of the Tourism and Executive Secretarial courses, as it gives them an opportunity to promote and publicize the courses, stimulating the curiosity of the visiting students and showing them more about the respective professions, which can help them make future career choices.

The road was a means of land transport is very important to the social relations and economic goods and services, and with a population that is increasing in every year to year, increasing the number of vehicles passing on the road that there is, therefore, in need planning a safe way according to the function, volume, and nature of traffic. Road repairs cost a lot and this action is felt not quite right because remedies can not survive by age plans and in kutif of IDN Times in 2019 that the condition damages the highway in the district of Karawang based on data from the Department of Public Works and Spatial Planning (PUPR) Khanewal district, along with the road status 1937.53 kilometers of district roads in poor condition. (IDN Times, 2019). This study was conducted to assess how much influence the volume of vehicles to the damage occurred on roads Badami karawang at STA 0 + 000-0 + 500 and STA 2 + 250-2 + ​​750, to examine the above problems by analyzing data from LHR and road damage the method of Highways, then further by looking at the correlation between the volume of vehicles on the road destruction by using SPSS and to increase the strength of rigid pavement using cement concrete road pavement planning 2003 is an additional layer (overlay) using the rigid pavement. From the analysis and discussion get Simultaneous Effect Hypothesis Test results that the Sig. (0,000) <α (0.05) and f count (35.671)> F table (3.89) H0 is rejected. It can be concluded that the simultaneous effect of the Light Vehicle Road damage of 33.8%, the simultaneous effect of the Heavy Vehicle Road damage amounted to 47.7%, Motorcycles simultaneous effect on road damage by 12.1% and the simultaneous effect of Motor Vehicles not to road damage by 14.2%, the result of the identification of the type and class of road damage indicates that the need for administration of additional layer (overlay) as a treatment for damage to roads, based on the analysis of the design used road repair method with a design life of 10 years, namely: (Overlay) Rigid Pavement (Rigid Pavement) as thick as 18 cm .and of analysts earn fees at cost (overlay) Rigid Pavement (Rigid Pavement) Rp. 9,114,626,20 / segments.

ResumenEn el año 2014, A nivel europeo, la Directiva 2014/24/UE sobre contratación pública establece la necesidad de emplear sistemas electrónicos (medios de comunicación y herramientas para modelar los datos del edificio) en procesos de contratación de obras, servicios y suministros. En España el Ministerio de Fomento, quien a través de su comisión BIM, ha establecido que a partir de diciembre de 2018 los edificios públicos y julio de 2019 las infraestructuras de titularidad pública, se proyecten conforme a la metodología BIM. Con este planeamiento y calendario resultaba imprescindible dar respuesta desde la Universidad implementando nuevas disciplinas, o adaptando las existentes, que dieran como resultado la adquisición de habilidades y competencias necesarias para la correcta formación de los futuros profesionales, tal y como se demanda en diferentes universidades europeas. Por este motivo, ese mismo año, desde el departamento de Tecnología de Edificación de la ETS de Edificación, ante la dificultad para modificar el plan de estudios, de adaptar de forma inmediata disciplinas ya existentes y/o establecer una rigurosa y comprometida formación de docentes, a nivel casi individual de los profesores firmantes de la presente, se propone una nueva asignatura optativa que permitiera a los alumnos interesados iniciarse en la metodología de trabajo BIM. Una vez puesta en marcha la asignatura y como única reglada en el ámbito, nuestro objetivo está claro. El estudio sobre su implantación en el alumnado y su grado de satisfacción; el cumplimiento de la finalidad para la que fue creada, así como contemplar las diferentes propuestas de los propios alumnos al respecto de su intensificación docente. Los resultados obtenidos son altamente satisfactorios y anuncian una muy alta necesidad demandada por los propios alumnos al respecto de intensificar e incorporar la docencia BIM como herramienta esencial para sus estudios y posterior desarrollo profesional.AbstractDirective 2014/24 / EU on public procurement establishes in 2014 at European level the need to use electronic systems (means of communication and tools to model building data) in contracting procedures of building works, services and supplies. In Spain, the Ministry of Development has established through its BIM commission, that as of December 2018 and July 2019, both public buildings and infrastructures under public ownership respectively, are projected in accordance with the BIM methodology. Under this schedule it was essential for the Spanish University to respond by implementing new disciplines, or adapting the existing ones, to achieve skills and competencies for the proper training of future professionals, as it is demanded in other European universities. For this reason, the Department of Building Technology of the ETS Edificación (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid), faced the difficulties of adapting existing disciplines and established a rigorous teacher training method, at an almost individual level. It was proposed a new optional subject that would allow interested students to get started on the BIM work methodology. This experience has been the only formal training established in the School of Building in the field of BIM. Once implemented, our first objective is clear: To study its level of implementation and to gauge the level of satisfaction among the students. In other words: To discuss the fulfillment of the purpose for which it was created, as well as to study different proposals regarding teaching intensification made by the students themselves. The results obtained are highly satisfactory and announce a very high demand by the students in order to intensify and incorporate BIM teaching as an essential tool for their studies and their professional development.

Welcome to the third issue of volume 42 of the IASSIST Quarterly (IQ 42:3, 2018). The IASSIST Quarterly presents in this issue three papers from geographically widespread countries. We call IASSIST ‘International’, so I am happy to present papers from three continents in this issue with papers from Zimbabwe, Italy and Canada. The paper 'The State of Preparedness for Digital Curation and Preservation: A Case Study of a Developing Country Academic Library' is by Phillip Ndhlovu, who works as the institutional repository librarian and liaison librarian, and Thomas Matingwina, who is a lecturer at the Department of Library and Information Service at the National University of Science and Technology (NUST) in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Modern day libraries have vast amounts of digital content and the authors noted that because these collections require very different management than the traditional paper-based materials, the new materials’ longevity is endangered. Their study assessed the state of preparedness of the NUST Library for digital curation and preservation, including the assessment of awareness, competencies, technology infrastructure, digital disaster preparedness, and challenges to digital curation and preservation. They found a lack of policies, lack of expertise by library staff, and lack of funding. You might conclude that investigating your own organization and reaching the very well known conclusion that 'we need more money!' is not so surprising. However, you have to take note that the Jeff Rothenberg statement from 1995 that 'Digital information lasts forever – or five years, whichever comes first' has not yet sunk in with politicians and administrators, who will immediately associate the term 'digital' with 'saving money'. This study shows them why this is not a valid connotation. It is a study of a single institution, and as the authors note it cannot be generalized even to other academic libraries in Zimbabwe. However, other libraries - also outside Zimbabwe - have here a good guide for making their own assessment of the digital preparedness of their institution. The second paper was - as was the paper above - presented at the IASSIST conference in 2018 and is also about the transition from media known for thousands of years to new media and digital forms. Peter Peller presented the paper 'From Paper Map to Geospatial Vector Layer: Demystifying the Process'. He is the Director of the Spatial and Numeric Data Services unit at Libraries and Cultural Resources at the University of Calgary in Canada. The conversion of raster images of maps to vector data is analogous to OCR technologies extracting words from scanned print documents. Thereby the map information becomes more accessible, and usable in geographic information systems (GIS). An illustrative example is that historical geospatial information can be overlaid in Google Earth. The description of the entire process incorporates examples of the various techniques, including different types of editing. Furthermore, descriptions of the software used in selected studies are listed in the appendix. It is mentioned that 'paper texture and ink spread' can be responsible for introducing noise and errors, so remember to keep the old maps. This is because what is considered noise in one context might become the subject for interesting future research. In addition the software for extracting information will most certainly improve. For once both the author and we at IASSIST Quarterly have been quite fast. The data for the third paper was collected in late 2017 and the results are presented here only a year later. In October 2017 a message appeared on the IASSIST mail list with the start of the sentence 'I would share the data but...' It quickly generated many ways of completing that sentence. Flavio Bonifacio - who works at Metis Ricerche srl in Torino, Italy - quickly launched a questionnaire sent to members of the mail list and to others from similar communities of interested individuals. The questionnaire was an extension of an earlier one concerning scientists' reuse and sharing of data. The paper includes many tabulations and models showing the background as well as the data sharing attitudes found in the survey. A respondent typology is developed based upon the level of propensity for sharing data and the level of experiencing problems in data sharing into a 2-by-2 table consisting of 'irreducible reluctant', 'reducible reluctant', 'problematic follower', and 'premium follower'. In the Nordic countries we tend to have the impression that certain services are publicly available and for free. This impression is plainly superficial because we Nordic people also know very well that 'there is no such thing as a free lunch'! All services must be paid for in one way or another. If you have many services that carry no direct cost, it is probably because you - and others - paid for them beforehand through taxation. Because of cuts in the public economy one of the things Flavio Bonifacio wanted to investigate was the question 'Is there a market for selling data-sharing services?' The results imply that 'reducible reluctants' can be a target for services that reduce the problems of that group. Submissions of papers for the IASSIST Quarterly are always very welcome. We welcome input from IASSIST conferences or other conferences and workshops, from local presentations or papers especially written for the IQ. When you are preparing such a presentation, give a thought to turning your one-time presentation into a lasting contribution. Doing that after the event also gives you the opportunity of improving your work after feedback. We encourage you to login or create an author login to https://www.iassistquarterly.com (our Open Journal System application). We permit authors 'deep links' into the IQ as well as deposition of the paper in your local repository. Chairing a conference session with the purpose of aggregating and integrating papers for a special issue IQ is also much appreciated as the information reaches many more people than the limited number of session participants and will be readily available on the IASSIST Quarterly website at https://www.iassistquarterly.com. Authors are very welcome to take a look at the instructions and layout: https://www.iassistquarterly.com/index.php/iassist/about/submissions Authors can also contact me directly via e-mail: kbr@sam.sdu.dk. Should you be interested in compiling a special issue for the IQ as guest editor(s) I will also be delighted to hear from you. Karsten Boye Rasmussen - November 2018

A review of: Lambert, Frank. “Assessing the Authoritativeness of Canadian and American Health Documents: A Comparative Analysis Using Informetric Methodologies.” Government Information Quarterly 22.2 (2005): 277-96. Objective - To assess by means of citation analysis whether the public trust afforded health documents published by the Canadian and U.S. governments is appropriate, and to ascertain whether differences in the respective health care systems influence how publications are produced. Design – Comparative study. Setting – The Canadian Depository Service Program (DSP) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) web sites. Subjects – One hundred sixty-six electronic documents sourced from the DSP website, and 284 electronic documents sourced from the DHHS website. Methods – Subjects were randomly selected from repositories offering the most comprehensive collections. Documents with evidence of references to other works used in preparation were separated from those without such characteristics. Data variables were collected from documents with evidence of references. Statistical analysis of the data was undertaken. Main results – Of the respective samples, 89 (53%) from the DSP and 109 (38.4%) from the DHHS contained references. Personal authors were identified in 46 (51.7%) and 63 (58%) of the respective subsets. Handbooks and guidebooks accounted for the largest portion of the DSP subset (29; 32.6%) and government periodicals were the largest constituent of the DHHS subset (41; 37.6%). Scholarly journals were the most common reference type for both the DSP (44%) and the DHHS (58.5%) subsets. The number of references per document was widely dispersed for both subsets; the DSP mean was approximately 64 (SD=114.68) and the DHHS was 73.71 (SD=168.85). Kruskal-Wallis subset analysis of median number of references by document type found differences generalizable to the entire DSP and DHHS populations. Health Canada Reports, handbooks, and guidebooks contained significantly more references than periodical articles or fact sheets. Certain DHSS documents, classified as “other,” contained more references than periodical articles. Canadian documents were more likely to contain references than U.S. documents. Comparison of documents to determine whether one country employs more rigorous citation practices did not produce statistically significant results. U.S. Federal Government documents are more likely to be referenced in other U.S. government health documents, compared to Canadian publications. The presence of references in documents from either country significantly affected likelihood of being cited by web authors. Conclusion – Significant differences in reference use frequencies between DSP and DHHS documents challenges Foskett’s stance that documents of value contain references (Foskett). Use of peer-reviewed scholarly journals for both DSP and DHHS publications was reassuring, suggesting a fairly rigorous publication standard. Reliance of DHHS publications upon federal government documents remains unclear. Referencing of DSP documents, irrespective of reference usage suggests a level of trust towards Canadian government health publications. Web authors appear more comfortable citing referenced DHHS documents. Further study could involve the examination of reference frequency by journal compared against journal impact factors.

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Translational researchers often require the use of informatics methods in their work. Lack of an understanding of key informatics principles and methods limits the abilities of translational researchers to successfully implement Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) principles in grant proposal submissions and performed studies. In this study we describe our work in addressing this limitation in the workforce by developing a competency-based, modular course in informatics to meet the needs of diverse translational researchers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We established a Translational Research Informatics Education Collaborative (TRIEC) consisting of faculty at the University of Utah (UU) with different primary expertise in informatics methods, and working in different tiers of the translational spectrum. The TRIEC, in collaboration with the Foundation of Workforce Development of the Utah Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS), gathered informatics needs of early investigators by consolidating requests for informatics services, assistance provided in grant writing, and consultations. We then reviewed existing courses and literature for informatics courses that focused on clinical and translational researchers [3–9]. Using the structure and content of the identified courses, we developed an initial draft of a syllabus for a Translational Research Informatics (TRI) course which included key informatics topics to be covered and learning activities, and iteratively refined it through discussions. The course was approved by the UU Department of Biomedical Informatics, UU Graduate School and the CCTS. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The TRI course introduces informatics PhD students, clinicians, and public health practitioners who have a demonstrated interest in research, to fundamental principles and tools of informatics. At the completion of the course, students will be able to describe and identify informatics tools and methods relevant to translational research and demonstrate inter-professional collaboration in the development of a research proposal addressing a relevant translational science question that utilizes the state-of-the-art in informatics. TRI covers a diverse set of informatics content presented as modules: genomics and bioinformatics, electronic health records, exposomics, microbiomics, molecular methods, data integration and fusion, metadata management, semantics, software architectures, mobile computing, sensors, recruitment, community engagement, secure computing environments, data mining, machine learning, deep learning, artificial intelligence and data science, open source informatics tools and platforms, research reproducibility, and uncertainty quantification. The teaching methods for TRI include (1) modular didactic learning consisting of presentations and readings and face-to-face discussions of the content, (2) student presentations of informatics literature relevant to their final project, and (3) a final project consisting of the development, critique and chalk talk and formal presentations of informatics methods and/or aims of an National Institutes of Health style K or R grant proposal. For (3), the student presents their translational research proposal concept at the beginning of the course, and works with members of the TRIEC with corresponding expertise. The final course grade is a combination of the final project, paper presentations and class participation. We offered TRI to a first cohort of students in the Fall semester of 2018. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Translational research informatics is a sub-domain of biomedical informatics that applies and develops informatics theory and methods for translational research. TRI covers a diverse set of informatics topics that are applicable across the translational spectrum. It covers both didactic material and hands-on experience in using the material in grant proposals and research studies. TRI’s course content, teaching methodology and learning activities enable students to initially learn factual informatics knowledge and skills for translational research correspond to the ‘Remember, Understand, and Apply’ levels of the Bloom’s taxonomy [10]. The final project provides opportunity for applying these informatics concepts corresponding to the ‘Analyze, Evaluate, and Create’ levels of the Bloom’s taxonomy [10]. This inter-professional, competency-based, modular course will develop an informatics-enabled workforce trained in using state-of-the-art informatics solutions, increasing the effectiveness of translational science and precision medicine, and promoting FAIR principles in research data management and processes. Future work includes opening the course to all Clinical and Translational Science Award hubs and publishing the course material as a reference book. While student evaluations for the first cohort will be available end of the semester, true evaluation of TRI will be the number of trainees taking the course and successful grant proposal submissions. References: 1. Wilkinson MD, Dumontier M, et al. The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Sci Data. 2016 Mar 15. 2. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Translational Science Spectrum. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. 2015 [cited 2018 Nov 15]. Available from: https://ncats.nih.gov/translation/spectrum 3. Hu H, Mural RJ, Liebman MN. Biomedical Informatics in Translational Research. 1 edition. Boston: Artech House; 2008. 264 p. 4. Payne PRO, Embi PJ, Niland J. Foundational biomedical informatics research in the clinical and translational science era: a call to action. J Am Med Inform Assoc JAMIA. 2010;17(6):615–6. 5. Payne PRO, Embi PJ, editors. Translational Informatics: Realizing the Promise of Knowledge-Driven Healthcare. Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2015 edition. Springer; 2016. 196 p. 6. Richesson R, Andrews J, editors. Clinical Research Informatics. 2nd ed. Springer International Publishing; 2019. (Health Informatics). 7. Robertson D, MD GHW, editors. Clinical and Translational Science: Principles of Human Research. 2 edition. Amsterdam: Academic Press; 2017. 808 p. 8. Shen B, Tang H, Jiang X, editors. Translational Biomedical Informatics: A Precision Medicine Perspective. Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2016 edition. S.l.: Springer; 2018. 340 p. 9. Valenta AL, Meagher EA, Tachinardi U, Starren J. Core informatics competencies for clinical and translational scientists: what do our customers and collaborators need to know? J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2016 Jul 1;23(4):835–9. 10. Anderson LW, Krathwohl DR, Airasian PW, Cruikshank KA, Mayer RE, Pintrich PR, Raths J, Wittrock MC. A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Abridged Edition. 1 edition. New York: Pearson; 2000.

Supplemental Instruction (SI) has been a successful implementation into institutions worldwide. It serves as a means of reducing attrition and increasing the overall learning of course material. The City College of New York (CCNY) has recently implemented SI to General Chemistry I courses to examine whether or not SI would help students succeed in the course and understand and grasp the course material better. SI was made available several times a week during flexible times to students who are struggling in the course. Our method of data collection is a Likert-type and open-ended questionnaire that was distributed at the end of each of the semesters to SI participants in an anonymous fashion. Furthermore, we compared the grades and performance of students participating in SI with those who did not. The collected data enabled us to examine the impact of implementing Supplemental Instruction (SI) in General Chemistry I at CCNY. Our data show that SI was beneficial, contributed to improving students’ understanding of course material, and increased their success rate. About 80 percent of students who failed the first exam and participated in SI obtained a passing grade compared to 11 percent of those who did not.Keywords: supplemental instruction, chemistry education research, student learningINTRODUCTION Supplemental instruction is derived from the term developmental education and stems from a branch of Learning Assistance Centers or LACS [1]. To better understand the origins of Supplemental Instruction, we must first understand the framework that set up this type of education. Developmental education originates in the 1600s and focuses mainly on the assumption that each student has multifaceted talents that can be developed academically, opposed to focusing on the deficits of a student [1]. The main goal was to naturally adapt the students’ population to higher education through means of social and academic domains allowing the students to grow in multiple dimensions in their academic skills [1].Developmental education later paved the way for academic programs such as Learning Assistance Centers (LACs). It was viewed as an extension of the classroom and did not discriminate between faculty and students, and within the student population did not discriminate between students who performed to standard and those who performed below par. LACs were for everyone who wanted to be academically enriched [1]. As a new program, LACs had six main objectives: “higher course grades for participating students; central location for students to receive tutorial assistance; a referral source to other helping agencies; a comprehensive library of basic study aids; a training agency for paraprofessionals, peer counselors, and tutors; and a center for faculty development.” [1]. These goals made it very clear that this service was not to be mislabeled as remedial, which was a main topic of interest when it comes to implementing new services, like this one, in schools. LACs are essentially a tool used to attain higher education, not provide a remedial course. Another important reason as to why LACs were adopted into other higher education institutions is to increase student retention [1]. LACs jump-started improved learning across campuses not only in the United States but across the world.In the 1990’s developmental or remedial courses were not allowed to be offered at public four-year universities, thus making supplemental instruction a very attractive candidate to solving the issue with students’ academic integrity and attrition [1]. College faculty members were drawn to SI due to its minute fiscal commitment and that it strongly promoted individual self-learning for the students, this meant less time spent teaching for instructors [1].SI or supplemental instruction is as it states - supplemental instruction offered to the students enrolled in a course. SI gives the students the opportunity to work in a cooperative setting on problems and is supported by peer instructors [2]. SI works to increase academic performance and retention but utilizing both collaborative studying in addition to independent studying and analysis of study strategies. SI sessions are offered for traditionally difficult high risk course; ‘historically difficult’ courses are also identified by analyzing the grade distribution of courses throughout each academic division, “courses in which 30% or more of the students receive D or F grades or withdraw, become targets” [3]. One of the main factors that attribute to the individuality of SI programs is that it focuses on historically difficult courses [4] and large classes where students have little opportunity for interaction with the professor or other students [5]. Labeling a course as historically difficult allows you to categorize the class as challenging without placing blame on the professor or the students.SI sessions are scheduled on a weekly basis and all students enrolled in the course are encouraged to join. SI sessions act as a continuation of the lesson learned during in-class lecture with the instructor. Being that SI sessions are not tied down to class time, students can attend whenever and however many times they wish without the restriction of a required course preventing them. Constant feedback will be given based on the student’s grasp of the material taught in class, thus giving them ample time and motivation to alter their study methods to adapt, if need be. Research on SI suggests that problem-solving skills and study strategies learned in SI courses are transferable to other courses which leads to improved performance [6]. Supplemental instruction sessions are typically led by an SI leader, who would be a former student that succeeded in the same course, however it is not uncommon for a professor to join an SI session for a course. SI may improve students’ retention and graduation because it offers the students the opportunity to network socially which speeds up the acclimatization to the college experience [7].SI provides a way to combine “how do I teach myself this” with “what do I need to know”. While SI helps students gain a more thorough understanding of the material, it also helps students to condition themselves and alters their thinking to accommodate for the type of information they are processing. SI differs from a remedial tutoring course because it is created based on the course versus the students [1]. This potentially makes attending SI sessions more attractive to students who are afraid or shy to ask for help.SI is not a remedial course, it is considered a mediator connecting the gap between the new information presented to students and the students current knowledge and practices, “SI bridges the gap between the current knowledge base and the acquisition of new knowledge by focusing on the refinement of the learning skills indispensable for acquiring new knowledge” [8]. Successfully implemented SI programs were able to track those students who attended and the impact it made towards their grade, for data that was collected institutionally [9]. SI can be effectively used to develop study skills, increase motivation and improve performance in participants [10].According to Wolfe, “…there appear to be benefits of SI in courses where students are being newly introduced to chemical concepts and methods, but these benefits seem to drop off when students are more experienced with the material.” [5]. The results further go on to conclude that SI is most beneficial to entry level science courses such as, General Chemistry I and Organic Chemistry I. It seems as though SI is a great addition into institutions to overall help attrition rates and more generally help students improve within their courses. More research has been done to give us a wider range of knowledge on SI within Chemistry courses [9]. SI can be used to address the continuous decline of fundamental chemical knowledge noticed in recent college graduates [11].In large lecture classes, there is a disconnect between the lecturer and the student. Supplemental Instruction (SI) is often offered in a more intimate setting where the SI instructors can have one-on-one time with students to individually hone in on their specific problems, whether it is conceptual or problem-solving. As for learning environment, SI is usually held in a smaller more accommodating room where it is a less intimidating more inviting space. This setting provides a social interaction component in which usual Chemistry lectures don’t provide. In addition to the more personal tutoring time available, students are also encouraged to interact in a common social setting. This allows for an opportunity of collaborative learning and may help foster a sense of community [12].The attraction to SI in a college setting is due to its short and long-term effects. The short-term effects of SI sessions are to instill a deeper understanding of the coursework within students. Whereas the long-term goals are two-fold, the academic goal is to change the way students learn, study, and understand information so that the knowledge stays with them. Students who participate in SI earn higher grades not only the course but in subsequent semesters, which is due to improved study habits and is considered a long-term positive outcome of SI [13]. The second long-term goal is to develop better social interaction skills within these students.Many public institutions have implemented SI and thus have uncovered several significant findings. Findings that were previously mentioned pertaining to the outcomes of SI includes achieving higher percentages of passing grades [1, 14]. Some studies also found higher graduation rates among participants [1]. Despite their better performance, SI takers often score lower on academic success predictors such as the SAT and ACT exams [14]; increases in performance, therefore, appear to not occur because stronger students use SI. SI helps promote problem-solving skills because it involves the learner in the construction of knowledge and information processing based on their prior experiences which could contribute to cognitive development [15-16]. Furthermore, SI has been shown to improve motivation and enhance study habits and understanding difficult concepts [17]. Participants in SI have been found to have better control on their achievement, self-esteem, and confidence [18]. SI has also been found to higher academic self-efficacy and grades [19]. Studies have reported that students who participated in SI in introductory courses in Biology or Chemistry courses tended to continue onto upper level courses in the field; SI has a positive effect on students’ enrollment in upper level courses [20-21]. We should note that Rabitoy and co-authors reported that SI enhanced students’ achievement in STEM fields and this was greater for females and students of color [22]. METHODS While researching the topic of SI as a whole, we were able to uncover many studies that were in favor of this new implementation in institutions. Our research study is unique because it targets only at risk students and provides an added value to the curriculum. SI was implemented into The City College of New York (CCNY) as a test run in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. The CCNY is an urban minority serving institute that offers a diverse selection of classes, which vary from the arts to the sciences and everything in between. We wanted to try implementing SI into the sciences to see if at risk science students can benefit from it. Grasping the S in stem, our main goal is to use the successful methods of SI to see what benefits it can bring to general science courses.Beginning during the Spring semester of 2018, SI was implemented at The CCNY’s General Chemistry I course which is composed of lecture, lab, and Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL) workshop. PLTL is implemented as an integrated part of the course [23]. In the General Chemistry course, after exam one was distributed and grades were given back, an announcement was made introducing SI. The lecture professor would encourage students who received a failing grade, classified as a grade below a 65 out of 100 on exam one, to attend SI as means of improving in the course. This makes our study unique since we are only targeting students who are struggling the course and are not likely to earn a passing grade. It is noteworthy that PLTL offers a collaborative learning experience for all students. SI instructors targeted weaknesses in study habits, socialization, conceptual-understanding, and problem-solving skills.SI was made available for five days a week and on those days, SI was scheduled around classes times which makes it easier for students with busy schedules involving work and class to attend. During SI sessions there are instructors that have been hand-picked by instructors from a cohort of recitation leaders and who have successfully completed the course and have received a grade of A in the course. SI attendance was not mandatory.Throughout the first session available after the Supplemental Instruction announcement was made to the lecture class, those who chose to attend, because SI was not mandatory and it was strongly recommended for struggling students. Students brought their first exam with them to be discussed. This initial discussion is a one-on-one between the student and instructor, which serves as a more social component to learning whereas that isn’t available during class time. The first exam was then discussed so that the instructor can now sift through the student’s strengths and weaknesses to later target them in the weeks to come. The overall composition of our Supplementary Instruction sessions was influenced by the previous studies done and researched, hand-picking methods that seemed to work and leaving off ones that were less successful. SI sessions included cooperative learning activities, and addressed students’ misconceptions and difficulties, explored difficult concepts in depth, and enhanced problem-solving skills [24].Every week during Supplementary Instruction sessions students were encouraged to come back to further work through their weaknesses. During this trial specifically, it was noticed by the SI instructors that a lot of students actually struggle with basic problem-solving skills and reasoning. To help combat this, worksheets were made each week based on the lecture topics covered in class, based on problem-solving to help build their skills. Aside from doing the worksheets, students were encouraged to bring in topics or questions they have on the material so the SI instructors can further clarify and explain. Furthermore, students came to SI with questions that they were struggling with. Students provided questions for the SI instructor to explain which created a mutually beneficial relationship [11, 25].Our research question is: How does Supplemental Instruction in General Chemistry I impact students’ learning, conceptual understanding, retention, and attitudes?In order to properly assess how beneficial SI is to the way students learn Chemistry, data were collected at the end of the Spring and Fall of 2018 semesters, as well as Spring 2019. We used a combination Likert-type and open-ended questionnaire, as well as, grade comparisons. The Likert-type section included a five-point scale, where (1) Strongly Disagree, (2) Disagree, (3) Neutral, (4) Agree, (5) Strongly Agree. For each question, the average was taken which helps make sense of the data. For the open ended questions, questions 1 through 3, we created and used a rubric to score the questions on a scale from 1 to 5 similar to what was mentioned above. For question 4, we compiled the answers and created pie charts based on the type and number of responses.As previously stated, at the end of the semester surveys were printed and distributed to each SI session. Students that attended SI were all encouraged to participate in this survey. A total of 44 out of 60 students were available and willing to participate in the optional survey.RESULT AND DISCUSSION Graphical depictions of each Likert-type question along with average responses are shown in Figure 1. FIGURE 1. Averages for the answers for each of the Likert-type questionnaire. Our data clearly shows that students overall had a positive learning experience with SI. The students agree that SI improved their basic problem-solving skills, understanding of concepts covered, and attaining a better grade in the course. Furthermore, SI participation encouraged students to practice problems and tackle their weaknesses in the course. SI participants believe that the SI instructors targeted their weak areas and helped them improve. Finally, students felt that SI was worth the time and effort they put into it and that it was beneficial and contributed to improvements in grades.FIGURE 2. Averages of the short-answer responses were numerically scaled using a rubric.Figure 2 shows that students overall had a positive learning experience with SI and that it helped them better understand the concepts. Furthermore, the participants would enthusiastically would recommend SI to other Chemistry students.FIGURE 3. The pie chart above shows the beneficial components of SI to studentsFigure 3 shows the parts of SI that students found beneficial. Overall, there were many useful features of the SI program that facilitated students’ learning and succeeding in the course. The students appreciated the time spent on problem-solving, the flexibility of the offerings – refers to the times and days, the individualized learning experience, and the one-on-one support, guidance, and tutoring. From the Likert-type questions given in part one of the survey, responses were broken down for each given question in order to visualize the impact of SI for the students/participants. The average of the responses can be seen above and was about 4.8. The corresponding results can be viewed above as shown in Figure 1. To turn our attention to Figure 1 ‘SI has helped me to improve my basic problem solving skills’, upon meeting with the SI instructor team at The CCNY we were made aware that students have trouble with basic problem-solving which leads to the disconnect in understanding how to build upon this knowledge. When students lack this basic skill, it is difficult for them to move on and build upon this skill as the course progresses, which ultimately leads to their failure to meet the level of understanding for each lecture exam. From the responses, we can see that majority of the students feel as though their problem solving skills have developed as a result of participating in SI. Questions 6-8 deal with an overall belief about the experience of SI participation. Based on Figure 1, SI helped students better understand the course material, and had an overall positive response as 100% of students felt like they did have a better understanding of the course material after attending SI. Students overwhelmingly agree that SI is very beneficial to the way they learn Chemistry. Our data show that SI is well received by the participants which is consistent with other researchers [11]. Short answer questions 1-3 were made in order to have a more in-depth understanding of the student experience with SI this past semester. These questions were formed as short answer so students were more inclined to share their opinions of SI. The collected data shows that the students strongly agree that SI has been very beneficial for ways unique to each student. Some students enjoyed the SI instructors and their way of teaching and helping the students understand the material. While others enjoyed how personal the experience was. It wasn’t a ‘one size fits all’ experience but an experience that was personalized to each student’s needs, strengths, and weaknesses. Short answers for question 4 also had very personalized responses. Question 4 in particular – ‘What features of SI did you find to be most beneficial to you?’ was very helpful in understanding what students appreciate most about SI, and served as a standard to which should be upheld. Responses ranged from the flexible times SI was offered to the small class setting which is extremely different than the lecture, and more comfortable. Students also enjoyed and benefited from the one-on-one attention they received in SI session. For that reason, students would make time to attend the SI section of their ‘favorite instructor’. Furthermore, the individualized learning experience was appealing to SI participants. The overall goal is to get each student to understand complex concepts and if one instructor can better help someone to reach this goal; SI is a success. The overall responses show that SI is very beneficial and contributed a great deal to the way that students learn Chemistry. One main issue we have encountered during this initial phase of implementation is low number of students who self-select to participate in SI. Only about 10 percent of students who failed the first exam, participated in SI. One reason could be that students might not buy into the philosophy of SI. A second reason might be that students do not think that SI would help them better understand the content and succeed on the course. A third reason could be due to lack of motivation in these students. Another reason could be attributed to the lack of maturity in students who are taking General Chemistry I. We use the term ‘lack of maturity’ loosely in this sense to mean the lack of knowledge of how to conduct oneself in a college setting [26]. Most commonly, freshman students come straight from high school where they have not yet acquired good study techniques or methods which work best for them. These reasons combined with the hardship required to understand such complex concepts that they’re learning for the very first time can deter students. Our data show that students who participated in SI after failing the first exam achieved a success rate of about 80%. Students who failed the first exam and did not participate in SI had an 11% chance of passing the course. This data is consistent with several research in the field indicating that students who participate in SI have a higher chance of successfully completing the course with a passing grade [14, 27]. We feel these data make powerful statement for the added value of SI in General Chemistry courses and its impact on students learning and attitudes.CONCLUSION In conclusion, our research study on SI provided valuable data into students’ learning and conceptual understanding of content in General Chemistry. Furthermore, our findings provide insights into students’ attitudes about SI implementation and its benefits to the participants. Our research data supports the introduction of SI into General Chemistry courses and provides students with learning skills, socialization competencies, problem-solving skills, and the knowledge required to successfully complete the course. We believe that our data supports the notion that SI had a significantly affected the participants grades in a positive manner and it should be noted that that majority of SI participants earned a passing grade in the course. Our results and data on the implementation of SI in General Chemistry courses improved students’ attitudes towards the subject matter, learning, socialization, and study habits. We are confident we can reach a larger population and improve our recruitment so more students can experience SI and increase their chances of successful completion of the course. As an implication for curriculum, we would recommend supplemental instruction for all introductory courses STEM fields. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We also would like to thank the Department of Psychology at the CCNY and CUNY Coordinated Undergraduate Education (CUE) for funding our Supplemental Instruction program.

Fixed assets have a very important role for the smooth operation of government services to maximize the activity takes appropriate policy in the management of fixed assets. Department of Public Works (PU) North Sulawesi is an institution that supports the affairs of the District / Town in the field of public works who carry out tasks in the District / City of North Sulawesi. Service vehicles, equipment and machinery, land, buildings, roads, and the fixed assets owned by the Department of Public Works North Sulawesi and very important in supporting the activities of government services. This study aimed to analyze the accounting treatment for fixed assets at the Department of Public Works North Sulawesi what was in accordance with Regulation 71 Year 2010 Statement of Government Accounting Standards (PSAP) No. 07 of the fixed assets. The method used is descriptive analysis method with a way to understand the reality and compare it with the theory that the researchers studied so it can be concluded. In the study the accounting treatment of fixed assets has been good. In practice, in the way of acquisition of fixed assets Public Works Department to make a purchase in cash, Department of Public Works has not shrunk its fixed assets where it is not in accordance with the Governmental Accounting Standards applicable, Department of Public Works to stop the fixed assets that are not used by way of eliminating it from the balance sheet and transferred to the post other fixed assets, as well as in the presentation and disclosure, the Department of Public Works has revealed the fixed assets in accordance with accounting standards applicable rule.

Product and service supplies in government instance is one of activities to increase performance of government instance in order to achieve the expected goal that is absortion of the effective and efficient budet. Government regulation No. 5 of 2015 about the fourth amendment of government regulation No. 54 of 2010 abour government product and service supplies become a guidelines for each government instance in particular in this case, Satuankerjpeangkatdaerah will be the executor of government product and service supplies, in particular, the direct appointment on department of public works and land use of Manado city of 2016. This research use qualititativemethod. The result of this research show that product and service supplies in department of public works and land use of Manado city in particular, the direct appointment of supply official car already suitable with the riles and regulations that applicable and always up to date and innovation in carrying out the activity of product and service supplies in department of public works and land use of manado city. Because of that, product or service supplies in Departement of public works and land use of manado city for the better guided by the govement regulation that has been set.Keywords : Procurement of Governmental Services, Direct Appointment

Biometrics technologies verify identity through characteristics such as fingerprints, faces, irises, retinal patterns, palm prints, voice, hand-written signatures, and so on. These techniques, which use physical data, are receiving attention as a personal authentication method that is more convenient than conventional methods such as password or ID cards because it uses data taken from measurements and such data is unique to the individual and remains so throughout one’s lifetime. Geo-tagging is the process of adding geographical information to various media in the form of metadata. The data usually consists of coordinates like latitude and longitude, but may even include bearing, altitude, distance and place names. By combining the above services, we can help the public and private sector offices like Survey Department, Revenue Department, Electricity department, Telephone Department, Public Works Department (PWD), Transport Department (NH, KSRTC etc.) to take care of the employee’s attendance by asking them to install this proposed application in their smart phone.

AbstractAgroterrorism is a subform of bioterrorism with the potential to have a crippling impact on both the agricultural industry and the food supply of a nation. A calculated attack using a miniscule amount of pathogenic or disease causing substances on the livestock or crops in one rural community can spread to animals and metropolitan regions much farther away long before any response from state or federal veterinary or agricultural organizations. Although there have been no large-scale agroterrorism attacks in the United States, there have been historical precedents for agricultural biological warfare and recent examples of unintentional or accidental spread of pathogens in the food supply that have threatened the health and safety of the public. Along with an ongoing push for preparedness to prevent a biological attack on the U.S. agricultural industry, there is a great deal of uncertainty and conflict among landowners, farmers, analysts, and politicians about what methods should be implemented to safeguard the public. In response to this possible threat, the United States government has implemented legislation that it considers preemptive in its ability to safeguard the food supply and manage the public health and/or biological crime response in a widespread agroterrorist attack scenario. However, this requires cooperation on both the state and federal levels, and of several agencies including the department of Health, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Department of Health and Human Services. This paper examines the steps being taken by the USDA in fulfilling the orders of the federal government in response to the looming threat of agroterrorism and how the TAHC works cooperatively with federal agencies and the private agricultural industry to carry out these regulations.

Slope is a measure of steepness or the degree of inclination of a feature relative to the horizontal plane. One of the phenomenon or incidents of a slope was called as slope failure or landslide. Slope failure was a major natural disaster that had affected the country in terms of injuries, deaths, property damage, destruction of services, public inconvenience and economic as well as financial losses. Slope failure cases were very serious geologic hazard disaster that happened in many countries around the world. The aim of this paper is to determine the category of slope failure in the state of Johor based on Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ). Data were calculated by using Total Estimated Hazard (TEHD) value method which considered six factors effecting the slope failure, including lithology; slope steepness, topography, land use class, annual rainfall and type of soil. Data on the factors were collected from Malaysia Public Works Department (JKR) inspection form, website, and secondary data resource. After that weight for each factor were identified by referring to Landslide Hazard Evaluation Factor (LHEF) rating scheme. Then determination of LHZ was done according to TEHD values which have five hazard zones; (1) very low; (2) low; (3) medium; (4) high; and (5) very high. The results of this study found that out of total fifty two cases there were three medium hazard (MH), twenty seven high hazard (HH) and twenty two very high hazard (VHH). Comparison between actual data from JKR and total 52 locations of slope failure in Johor showed that 94% accuracy, TEHD equation could calculate potential slope failure hazards in Johor very well.