Bibliografías temáticas / Non-pharmacological treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Non-pharmacological treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 16 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Non-pharmacological treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus"

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Raveendran, Arkiath V. "Non-pharmacological Treatment Options in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus." European Endocrinology 14, no. 2 (2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ee.2018.14.2.31.

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The global prevalence of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus, has reached epidemic proportions in the last few decades of the 20th century because of the obesity pandemic resulting from adverse lifestyles. Diabetes as a consequence of obesity (diabesity), continues to increase exponentially in the 21st century. Although there are a multitude of drugs for the effective management of diabesity with modest benefits, most patients will require insulin for control of diabetes at some stage that would worsen obesity, and thereby diabesity. Therefore, effective non-pharmacological therapy n
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Parulkar, Akhil A., and Vivian A. Fonseca. "Recent advances in pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." Comprehensive Therapy 25, no. 8-10 (1999): 418–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02944293.

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Florenţiu, Ariel, and Radu Lichiardopol. "Vildagliptin in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 20, no. 2 (2013): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjdnmd-2013-0021.

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Abstract Novel therapeutic approaches are continuously being researched in type 2 diabetes. The incretin class of anti-diabetic agents, consisting of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, has already found an important place in the current guidelines. Vildagliptin is a potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, with numerous trials in type 2 diabetes treatment, both in monotherapy and in combination therapy. This review focuses on vildagliptin pharmacological properties, clinical efficacy and safety, and pharmacoeconomic data.
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Lathia, Tejal. "Paradigm shift in the pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." Journal of Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences 25, no. 1 (2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jmgims.jmgims_40_19.

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Sangeetha, R. "Luteolin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 7, no. 2 (2019): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.7.2.09.

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Diabetes is an increasing pandemic and several million people are affectedbythis disease worldwide. The treatment of diabetes includes lifestyle modifications, oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin. The chronic use of oral antidiabetic drugs produces undesirable side effects. Hence safe alternative medicines are always sought after. Plant phytochemicals are the best alternatives as they possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. Flavonoids are an important class of phytocomponent which is commonly present in fruits and vegetables. Luteolin belongs toflavone class of flavonoid which h
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Gomes-Villas Boas, Lilian Cristiane, Milton Cesar Foss, Maria Cristina Foss de Freitas, and Ana Emília Pace. "Relationship among social support, treatment adherence and metabolic control of diabetes mellitus patients." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 20, no. 1 (2012): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692012000100008.

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This cross-sectional and quantitative study aimed to analyze the relationship among social support, adherence to non-pharmacological (diet and physical exercise) and pharmacological treatments (insulin and/or oral anti-diabetic medication) and clinical and metabolic control of 162 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Data were collected through instruments validated for Brazil. Social support was directly correlated with treatment adherence. Adherence to non-pharmacological treatment was inversely correlated with body mass index, and medication adherence was inversely correlated with diastolic b
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Lessmann, Juliana Cristina, Denise Maria Guerreiro Vieira da Silva, and Silvia Modesto Nassar. "Women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: sociodemographic profile, biometrics and health." Acta Paulista de Enfermagem 25, spe1 (2012): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-21002012000800013.

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OBJECTIVE: To understand the profile of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, focusing on sociodemographic factors, biometrics and health. METHODS: A quantitative, transversal, prospective study with a stratified random sample, conducted in Florianópolis/SC with 147 women by means of home visits between April and August of 2009. RESULTS: The women had a mean age of 66 years, presented elevated indexes of body weight, capillary glycemia and abdominal circumference, along with a low adherence to non-pharmacological treatment. A low educational level was associated with inadequate glycemic control
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Pivari, Francesca, Alessandra Mingione, Caterina Brasacchio, and Laura Soldati. "Curcumin and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevention and Treatment." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (2019): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081837.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an ensemble of metabolic diseases that has reached pandemic dimensions all over the world. The multifactorial nature of the pathology makes patient management, which includes lifelong drug therapy and lifestyle modification, extremely challenging. It is well known that T2DM is a preventable disease, therefore lowering the incidence of new T2DM cases could be a key strategy to reduce the global impact of diabetes. Currently, there is growing evidence on the efficacy of the use of medicinal plants supplements for T2DM prevention and management. Among these medi
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Kornyushin, Oleg Viktorovich, Mikhail Michailovich Galagudza, Alexander Evgen'evich Neymark, Alina Yur'evna Grineva, and Elena Nikolaevna Babenko. "Ileal transposition in surgical treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus." Diabetes mellitus 18, no. 1 (2015): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm2015158-64.

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High prevalence and insufficient efficacy of medical treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a major challenge for medical care. Generally, only 30% of patients reach therapeutic goals, while remission occurs only in the minority of patients. In the obese (BMI>35 kg/m2), bariatric surgery provides an alternative to pharmacological treatment of T2DM, boosting remission/compensation rate up to 76.8%. A few recent clinical studies explored the anti-diabetic effect of ileal transposition (IT). This type of surgery targets restoration of incretin balance by proximal transposition of i
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Matthaei, Stephan, Michael Stumvoll, Monika Kellerer, and Hans-Ulrich Häring. "Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Treatment of Insulin Resistance*." Endocrine Reviews 21, no. 6 (2000): 585–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/edrv.21.6.0413.

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Abstract Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a world-wide growing health problem affecting more than 150 million people at the beginning of the new millennium. It is believed that this number will double in the next 25 yr. The pathophysiological hallmarks of type 2 diabetes mellitus consist of insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and increased endogenous glucose production. To reduce the marked increase of cardiovascular mortality of type 2 diabetic subjects, optimal treatment aims at normalization of body weight, glycemia, blood pressure, and lipidemia. This review focuses on the pathop
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Tesis sobre el tema "Non-pharmacological treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus"

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Tovi, Jonas. "Insulin treatment of elderly type 2 diabetic patients /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3237-9/.

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Landstedt-Hallin, Lena. "Combined sulphonylurea and insulin treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus : metabolic and electrophysiological studies /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4048-7/.

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Ludvíčková, Dana. "Pohybová edukace u jedinců s diabetes mellitus 2.typu." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-434485.

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Title: Physical education of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of physical education of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus cured in diabetologic outpatient clinic of Genereal University Hospital in Prague. The physical education was focused on nordic walking. Methods: Eight patients of diabetological outpatient clinic were chosen by the doctor for this survey. The physical examination was carried out with seven patients. It involved anthropometrical measurements (weight, waist circumference) and blood collection for bi
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Pinchevsky, Yacob. "The implementation of current guidelines regarding the treatment of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetics." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/10949.

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is defined by an increase in serum glucose, however, this leads to the belief that only the serum glucose levels need be monitored and treated. Hence many other risk factors such as obesity, lipids and blood pressure which increase the risk of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral vascular disease are neglected. Consequently, T2DM patients that are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), are often not receiving optimal comprehensive care. Aims: To identify the treatment gaps of cardiovascular risk fa
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CHANG, CHUN-YI, and 張竣逸. "Discovery of novel N-glycoside and non-glycoside hSGLT2 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nu44np.

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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>化學工程與生物科技系生化與生醫工程碩士班<br>107<br>Human sodium-glucose cotransporters 2 (hSGLT2) are membrane proteins responsible for glucose reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate in the proximal tubule. Inhibition of hSGLT2 has been regarded as a brand new therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to its non-insulin related characteristic with less side effects. Current commercially available hSGLT2 inhibitors are all C-glycoside inhibitors. Previous studies have reported that N-glycoside inhibitors exhibit great potential to serve as new drugs due to their better hydro
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Santos, Cláudio Alexandre Costa dos. "Novos grupos de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 na população portuguesa: análise baseada em seis variáveis." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93101.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Biotecnologia Farmacêutica apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia<br>Introdução: A DMT2 é a forma de diabetes mais comum no adulto, com cerca de 90 a 95% dos casos. Carateriza-se por uma utilização ineficaz de insulina ou pela sua produção ineficiente pelo pâncreas. É um problema à escala global, intimamente relacionado com fatores genéticos e ambientais, contribuindo para o aumento da prevalência e incidência desta. Assim, é fundamental ter conhecimento sobre os eventos cardiovasculares prévios de cada indivíduo, complicações microvasculares associadas, bem como do tra
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Kalain, Aswin. "Processes of care, lifestyle advice, treatment and glycaemic control amongst patients with Type 2 diabetes attending the Johan Heyns Community Health Centre in Sedibeng District." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15310.

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Thesis (M.Fam.Med.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2014.<br>Background The combined influence of processes of care, lifestyle advice and drug treatment on glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetes in primary care settings is not well documented. Aim To describe the provision of lifestyle advice, selected processes of care and drug treatment to, and assess the influence of these factors on glycaemic control in, a sample of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the Johan Heyns Community Health Centre in Sedibeng District, Gauteng. Methods A cross-sectio
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Govender, Saiesh. "A comparison of the effectiveness of two homoeopathic dosage forms of Momordica charantia in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients on metformin." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/753.

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Mini-dissertation was submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, 2012.<br>It was reported by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas, in 2003, that a prevalence figure of 3.4% exists for the 24 million South Africans between the ages of 20 and 79, with an expected increase to 3.9% by 2025. Considering that patients with diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, blindness, amputation and renal failure it is therefore not surprising that the costs associated with dia
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Mkhize, Pretty Brightness. "A comparison of the efficacy of Syzygium Jambolanum (Java Plum) 6CH and Syzygium Jambolanum (Java Plum) homoeopathic mother tincture in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients on Metformin?" Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1557.

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Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements of the Master’s Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016,<br>Background Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with various aetiologies, characterised by hyperglycaemia, resulting from defects of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism due to the deficient action of insulin on target tissues caused by insensitivity to or lack of insulin or both. The long term effects of diabetes mellitus frequently include retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy and an increased risk of other diseas
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"Feasibility study of a randomized controlled trial protocol to examine the effectiveness of auriculotherapy (AT) in improving sleep condition and glycaemic control in clients with type 2 diabetes." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5884409.

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Kwan, Yee Mei.<br>Thesis (D.Nurs.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-171).<br>Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.<br>Abstract also in Chinese; appendixes includes Chinese.
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Libros sobre el tema "Non-pharmacological treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus"

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R, Henry Robert, ed. Diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes. 4th ed. Professional Communications, Inc., 2001.

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1944-, Silverstein Janet H., and American Diabetes Association, eds. Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: A clinician's guide to diagnosis, epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment. American Diabetes Association, 2003.

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L, Woodruff Sandra, ed. My doctor says I have a little diabetes: [a guide to understanding and controlling type 2, non-insulin-dependent diabete]s. Avery Publishing Group, 1999.

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Davidson, Jaime A., and Alistair Emslie-Smith. The appropriate application of oral pharmacological therapy, non-insulin injectable agents, and insulin in the management of type 2 diabetes. AAME Press, 2008.

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J, Goldstein Barry, and Muller-Wieland Dirk, eds. Textbook of type 2 diabetes. Martin Dunitz, 2003.

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(Editor), Barry J. Goldstein, and Dirk Muller-Wieland (Editor), eds. Textbook of Type 2 Diabetes. Informa Healthcare, 2003.

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Textbook of type 2 diabetes. Martin Dunitz, 2003.

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J, Goldstein Barry, and Müller-Wieland Dirk, eds. Textbook of type 2 diabetes. Martin Dunitz, 2003.

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Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: From Science to Therapy. Springer, 2012.

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LeRoith, Derek. Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: From Science to Therapy. Springer, 2012.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Non-pharmacological treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus"

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Tuomilehto, Jaakko. "Non pharmacological Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes." In The Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470779750.ch28.

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Bailey, Clifford J., and Melanie J. Davies. "Pharmacological therapy of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.1373.

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The management of type 2 diabetes is complex, due to the diverse, variable, and progressive nature of its pathogenesis, clinical complications, and societal impact (Box 13.4.2.1). Care plans need to be individualized, flexible, and realistic, with provision for patient education and empowerment to enable optimal benefit from the guidance and interventions offered by health care professionals. Relief of acute symptoms and attention to long-term complications and co-morbidities often preoccupy and sometimes overwhelm the treatment process. However, early and sustained remediation of endocrine and metabolic disturbances, plus containment of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, prevent the onset and limit the severity of chronic pathology. Glycaemic control is a crucial part of the treatment process, and serves as the conventional indicator of metabolic status. This chapter will focus on the treatment of hyperglycaemia, and, particularly, the role of pharmacological therapies.
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Miller, Fabian, Melisa Anderson, Dwayne Tucker, et al. "Diabetes." In Biopsychosocial Perspectives and Practices for Addressing Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2139-7.ch007.

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Worldwide diabetes mellitus affects millions of individuals. Diabetes mellitus presents biopsychosocial challenges for diabetic patients and their families. Psychological and sociocultural issues that affect individuals with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients negatively impact self-management activities aimed at attaining metabolic control and prevents future diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and cerebrovascular diseases. There is increasing evidence that diabetes mellitus is associated with a number of psychological and psychiatric conditions. This review addresses the distinctive biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors such as social support, socioeconomic status and family interaction encountered by diabetic patients. Recommendations are provided that can enhance diabetic care and include improving current screening of psychological conditions as well as treatment practices. There is also the need for more support from family, friends and medical staff in addressing sociocultural issues that impede favorable diabetes management.
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Cummings, David E. "Metabolic surgery in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.1416.

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Faced with the dual pandemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, heath care providers require a broad array of treatment options. Diet, exercise, and medications remain the cornerstones of type 2 diabetes therapy, but long-term results with lifestyle modifications can be disappointing, and, despite an ever-increasing armamentarium of pharmacotherapeutics, adequate glycaemic control often remains elusive. Moreover, most diabetes medications promote weight gain, and using them to achieve tight glycaemic control introduces a proportionate risk of hypoglycaemia. In cases where behavioural/pharmacological strategies prove insufficient, gastrointestinal surgery offers powerful alternatives for obesity and type 2 diabetes treatment (Fig. 13.4.5.1). Among severely obese patients, bariatric operations cause profound, sustained weight loss, ameliorating obesity-related comorbidities and reducing long-term mortality (1–4). Operations involving intestinal bypasses exert particularly dramatic antidiabetes effects. For example, approximately 84% of obese patients with type 2 diabetes experience diabetes remission after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), maintaining euglycaemia off diabetes medications for at least 14 years (1, 5–8). Mounting evidence indicates that these effects result not only from weight loss, but also from weight-independent antidiabetic mechanisms (9). Whereas diabetes is traditionally viewed as a relentless disease in which delay of end-organ complications is the major treatment goal, gastrointestinal surgery offers a novel endpoint: complete disease remission. Consequently, conventional bariatric procedures and experimental gastrointestinal manipulations are being used worldwide to treat type 2 diabetes in association with obesity, and, increasingly, among less obese or merely overweight patients (8). Gastrointestinal surgery also offers valuable research opportunities to improve knowledge of diabetes pathogenesis and help develop less invasive procedures and novel pharmaceuticals. This chapter discusses the effects of gastrointestinal operations on type 2 diabetes, and focuses on potential antidiabetic mechanisms that mediate those effects.
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Choudhary, Pratik, and Stephanie A. Amiel. "Hypoglycaemia in the treatment of diabetes mellitus." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.1435.

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Hypoglycaemia (low blood glucose concentration) is the most important acute complication of the pharmacological treatment of diabetes mellitus. Low blood glucose impairs brain (and, potentially, cardiac) function. The brain has minimal endogenous stores of energy, with small amounts of glycogen in astroglial cells. The brain is therefore largely dependent on circulating glucose as the substrate to fuel cerebral metabolism and support cognitive performance. If blood glucose levels fall sufficiently, cognitive dysfunction is inevitable. In health, efficient glucose sensing and counterregulatory mechanisms exist to prevent clinically significant hypoglycaemia. These are impaired by diabetes and by its therapies. Patients with diabetes rank fear of hypoglycaemia as highly as fear of chronic complications such as nephropathy or retinopathy (1). Fear of hypoglycaemia, hypoglycaemia itself and attempts to avoid hypoglycaemia limit the degree to which glycaemic control can be intensified to reduce the risk of chronic complications of diabetes both for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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Dodson, Paul M. "Diabetes and the eye." In Diabetic Retinopathy: Screening to Treatment (Oxford Diabetes Library). Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834458.003.0004.

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Diabetes mellitus is still one of the commonest causes of blindness worldwide. The ophthalmic complications of diabetes include diabetic retinopathy (DR), cataracts, primary open angle and neovascular glaucoma, and cranial nerve palsies. Retinovascular disease, including retinal vein and artery occlusion, and non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy are more common in diabetic subjects. DR occurs in approximately 30–35% of diabetic subjects with ethnic differences. The primary abnormalities of DR are capillary basement membrane thickening, such that it becomes porous, and capillary occlusion with resultant retinal ischaemia. In Type 1 diabetes, DR is almost invariable after 15 years of disease duration. In Type 2 diabetes, 20% have retinal signs at diagnosis of diabetes, rising to a prevalence of 60% after 15 years of known disease duration. Major modifiable risk factors for DR include poor glucose and blood pressure control, and increasing lipid levels. In broad terms, Type 1 diabetes is associated with proliferative retinopathy, and Type 2 diabetes with maculopathy.
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C. Cassidy, Féaron, Sinead Lafferty, and Cynthia M. Coleman. "The Role of Gender in the Onset, Development and Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Co-Morbidities." In Type 2 Diabetes [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94271.

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Almost half a billion people worldwide are living with diabetes mellitus (DM). Complications associated with DM are common and approximately half of those people with DM suffer from at least one comorbidity. There is high mortality, morbidity and cost associated with these comorbidities which include cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and osteopathy. Gender influences the relative risk of developing complications from DM via differing mechanisms – both directly and indirectly. Generally, an increased relative risk of cardiovascular disease and kidney disease is noticed in women with DM compared to the non-DM context, where rates of both are much higher in men. Men appear to be at greater risk of diabetic retinopathy and also of insensate diabetic neuropathy, whereas women suffer from an increased rate of painful diabetic neuropathy compared to men. These differences are not clear cut and vary regionally and temporally, indicating that the field would benefit from further research on both the epidemiology and physiological mechanism of the observed patterns. These differences should be taken into account in treatment programmes for DM and its comorbidities.
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Penman, Alan D., Kimberly W. Crowder, and William M. Watkins. "Progression of Retinopathy and Vision Loss Related to Tight Blood Pressure Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." In 50 Studies Every Ophthalmologist Should Know. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190050726.003.0033.

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The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Hypertension in Diabetes Study was a randomized intervention trial in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus to determine whether improved blood glucose control prevented complications and reduced the associated morbidity and mortality. The Hypertension in Diabetes Study, reported in this chapter, was included in a factorial design to assess whether improved control of blood pressure would reduce the incidence of diabetic retinopathy and loss of vision. The results clearly demonstrated the importance of lowering blood pressure to reduce the progression of retinopathy, incidence of macular edema, and loss of vision in persons with relatively short duration of type 2 diabetes and moderate to severe hypertension. Treatment begun early in the course of type 2 diabetes is likely to have a long-term effect of reducing visual loss secondary to diabetic macular edema in persons with type 2 diabetes.
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Huikuri, Heikki, and Lars Rydén. "Diabetes and arrhythmias." In ESC CardioMed. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0221.

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Cardiac arrhythmias are more common in subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) than in their counterparts without diabetes. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is present in 10–20% of the DM patients, but the association between DM and AF is mostly due to co-morbidities of DM patients increasing the vulnerability to AF. When type 2 DM and AF coexist, there is a substantially higher risk of cardiovascular mortality, stroke, and heart failure, which indicates screening of AF in selected patients with DM. Anticoagulant therapy either with vitamin K antagonists or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants is recommended for DM patients with either paroxysmal or permanent AF, if not contraindicated. Palpitations, premature ventricular beats, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia are common in patients with DM. The diagnostic work-up and treatment of these arrhythmias does not differ between the patients with or without DM. The diagnosis and treatment of sustained ventricular tachycardia, either monomorphic or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, or resuscitated ventricular fibrillation is also similar between the patients with or without DM. The risk of sudden cardiac death is higher in DM patients with or without a diagnosed structural heart disease. Patients with diabetes and a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30–35% should be treated with a prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator according to current guidelines. Beta-blocking therapy is recommended for DM patients with left ventricular dysfunction or heart failure to prevent sudden cardiac death due to arrhythmia.
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Gunathilaka, Thilina, Lakshika Rangee Keertihirathna, and Dinithi Peiris. "Advanced Pharmacological Uses of Marine Algae as an Anti-Diabetic Therapy." In Pharmacognosy - Medicinal Plants [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96807.

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Marine seaweeds are a promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites that can be utilized in drug development and nutraceuticals. Diabetes mellitus is a leading non-communicable disease, and it is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Among the types of diabetes, type 2 became the major health problem as it is associated with severe health complications. Since available oral hypoglycemic drugs cause several adverse effects, it is worth searching for a natural cure with fewer or no side effects that may benefit patients with type 2 diabetes. Among the marine seaweeds, brown and red seaweeds are extensively studied for the anti-diabetic activity compared to the green seaweeds. Bioactive compounds present in marine seaweeds possess anti-diabetic potential through diverse mechanisms, mainly by reducing postprandial hyperglycemia and associated complication. Most of the studies emphasized that the marine seaweeds control the hyperglycemic condition by inhibiting carbohydrate hydrolyzing α-amylase,α glucosidase enzymes, and the inhibitory effect of dipeptide peptidase-4 that are involved in the degradation of incretins. Similarly, bioactive compounds in marine seaweeds can reduce diabetes complications by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzymes, aldose reductase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B enzyme. This chapter focuses on the anti-diabetic potential of marine brown, green, and red seaweeds through different mechanisms.
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