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Waterman, Alex. "Unheeded hinterland: identity and sovereignty in northeast India, by Dillip Gogoi." Strategic Analysis 41, no. 1 (2016): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2016.1249181.
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Lowe, C., and G. Ranalli. "Density, temperature, and rheological models for the southeastern Canadian Cordillera: implications for its geodynamic evolution." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 1 (1993): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-007.
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Two-dimensional density, temperature, and rheological models are constructed for a 350 km northeast-trending transect of the southeastern Canadian Cordillera. All models highlight several major physical differences between foreland and hinterland lithosphere. Significant features of the density model are the presence of an anomalously low-density (3.10 × 103 kg∙m−3) layer, with a maximum thickness of 12 km, beneath the Moho in the hinterland; the similar densities of the Monashee Terrane and the cratonic crust of the foreland; and an increase in crustal thickness beneath the Southern Rocky Mountain Trench. The temperature model shows steeper gradients and higher Moho temperatures beneath the hinterland than beneath the foreland. In the rheological model the hinterland is characterized by a thin, brittle, upper crust beneath which the entire lithosphere is hot, weak, and ductile. In contrast, the foreland is composed of a thick, brittle, upper crust, with an additional brittle zone in the upper mantle. The Moho is a large strength discontinuity beneath the foreland, and the total lithospheric strength there is an order of magnitude larger than in the hinterland. The models are constrained and supported by geological mapping and a number of independent geophysical data sets. Palinspastic cross sections, together with paleotemperature and paleopressure information, are used to generate a time series of one-dimensional paleorheological profiles at a number of times during deformation. This sequence of profiles indicates that the foreland and hinterland have been rheologically distinct since pre-Late Cretaceous times. The profiles are used to clarify the geodynamic evolution of the area and to explain why deformation remained thin skinned in the foreland whereas in the hinterland the entire lithosphere was deformed.
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Lecocq, Gille. "MEETING EXOTIC LANDSCAPES AND DELICATE NATURE OF THE INNER SELF: TWO SIDES OF THE “VIE AU GRAND AIR” NEAR “GÉANT DE PROVENCE” (FRANCE)." Folia Turistica 55 (June 30, 2020): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2419.
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Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to identify an intelligible network of human activities that are dedicated to health tourism and sports tourism and that have been the subject of intercultural controversies generating innovations. Method. Developing an inter-disciplinary historical and mixed-method approach to a regional sustainable tourism project and describing how subjective well-being influences sport practices, body ecology and existential authenticity. Findings. A sport tourism destination allows an individual to, firstly, improve his or her state of corporeal health and, secondly, reveal a new mode of feeling that is not only about performance but also about the inner freedom and immersive vulnerability that are scarce but essential resources. Research and conclusions limitations. This case study is limited to a valley which is located on the northeast side of Mont Ventoux. Some comparisons will have to be made with other specific tourist sites that are closed to this valley. Practical implications. The authenticity of a tourist system cannot be content with artifices that are not closely shared with inhabitants. Therefore, the impact of innovations in rural areas requires taking archaeology of individual stories and collective histories into account. Stories and histories allow perceiving the outlines of sustainable tourism where growth in consumption is associated with the maintenance, protection and diversification of bio-ecosystems. Originality. Innovations which emerge in a hinterland have to be tested from the authentic perspective of people coming from elsewhere and who cross the authentic views of the people of here. Then, when a hinterland agrees to open itself to the strangeness of what is foreign to it, a fundamental process is to be encouraged: the that recognises the different forms of heritage that make up the identity of this hinterland. Type of paper. Case study.
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Harvey, Jacquelin. "L’agglomération portuaire de Port-Alfred – Bagotville." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 11, no. 22 (2005): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020679ar.
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The Saguenay fjord contains ten port agglomerations, among which that of Port-Alfred-Bagotville is the most important. The port of Port-Alfred started to expand in earnest in 1929, when the Aluminum Company of Canada Limited decided to improve and enlarge its facilities to meet the needs of its new Arvida plant. Today some 2,500 ships call at Port-Alfred yearly and over 3,500,000 tons of cargo are handled annually over its wharves. Imports of industrial commodities, notably aluminum ore from Guiana, make up the greater part of its traffic. The hinterland includes some ten important industrial establishments, distributed among the main centres of the Saguenay - Lake St. John area. Among these, ALCAN is the most important. Port-Alfred plays an important role in this industrial complex. In spite of certain handicaps, traffic pertaining to the aluminum and newsprint industries assures the harbour of con-tinuing prosperity in the years to come. One may even hope that further develop-ments in the hinterland will contribute to future growth of port activity. Located half a mile northeast of Port-Alfred, Bagotville seems more like an appendix of its powerful neighbour than an autonomous port. Its facilities and traffic are quite limited. The main port traffic up until 1965, but now discontinued, consisted of the calls of the Canada Steamship Lines' passenger vessels during the summer season.
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Torres, Gilson de Vasconcelos, Luciana Araújo dos Reis, and Luana Araújo dos Reis. "Assessment of functional capacity in elderly residents of an outlying area in the hinterland of Bahia/Northeast Brazil." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 68, no. 1 (2010): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2010000100009.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the functional capacity and to determine the difference between the means of functional capacity (basic and instrumental activities of daily living) and the age groups of elderly residents in an outlying area in the hinterland of Bahia/Northeast of Brazil. METHOD: Analytical study with cross-sectional design and a sample of 150 elderly individuals enrolled in four Health Units in the municipality of Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. The instrument consisted of sociodemographic and health data, the Barthel Index and the Lawton scale. RESULTS: In all, 78.00% of the elderly were classified as dependent in the basic activities and 65.33% in the instrumental activities of daily living. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, we found a statistically significant difference between the means of instrumental activities and the age groups (p=0.011). CONCLUSION: An elevated number of elderly were classified as dependent in terms of functional capacity and increased age is related to greater impairment in the execution of instrumental activities of daily living.
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Potter, Christopher J., Russell F. Dubiel, Lawrence W. Snee, and Steven C. Good. "Eocene extension of early Eocene lacustrine strata in a complexly deformed Sevier-Laramide hinterland, northwest Utah and northeast Nevada." Geology 23, no. 2 (1995): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0181:eeoeel>2.3.co;2.
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Zhang, Liuyi, Yimin Huang, Yuan Liu, et al. "Characteristics of Carbonaceous Species in PM2.5 in Wanzhou in the Hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservior of Northeast Chongqing, China." Atmosphere 6, no. 4 (2015): 534–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos6040534.
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Feng, Lin, and Theo Notteboom. "Peripheral challenge by Small and Medium Sized Ports (SMPs) in Multi-Port Gateway Regions: the case study of northeast of China." Polish Maritime Research 20, Special-Issue (2013): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2013-0027.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the role of small and medium-sized ports (SMPs) in enhancing the competitiveness and logistics performance of multi-port gateway regions and associated inland logistics systems. The concepts developed will be applied to the ports in the northeast of China, a multi-port gateway region around the Bohai Sea Economic Rim (BER). Port competition is analyzed by multi-variable methodology and generalized common characteristics of SMPs compared to gateway ports, and the similarities of SMPs and SMEs are also compared. Later in this paper, we analyze the role of a SMP in such region in different variables: (a) cargo volume and market share; (b) international connectivity; (c) relative cluster position; (d) port city and hinterland connection; and (e) logistics and distribution function. The five-dimension analysis combined with in-depth cases study of typical Yingkou port describes a profile of SMPs in the BER and provides future study possibility for more SMPs cases worldwide.
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Kapuran, Aleksandar, Aleksandar Bulatovic, and Igor Jovanovic. "The neolithic settlements in the Timok region and Djerdap gorge hinterland." Starinar, no. 60 (2010): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta1060019k.
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For many years, the territory along the course of the Crni Timok river in northeast Serbia was not presented as an interesting area for early Neolithic excavation. However, recent inspection of older unpublished data, with newer reconnaissance, has shed new light on this period of prehistory. A larger number of sites have been discovered with similar topographical positions on the edges/rims of large areas or on ridges above river courses. Thanks to cooperation between the geographical project TOPOI from Berlin and the Archaeological Institute in Belgrade, work has begun on the production of a digital ?archaeological model of probability? (ARM), which will improve reconnaissance of this region. Alongside the only systematic excavation/investigation of settlements in Kucajna, 16 more localities have been confirmed, situated in the area between the Roman imperial palace of Felix Romuiana in the south and Bor in the north. They are located at the following sites: Cerova Faca and Dubrava in Brestovac; Kot 1 and 2, Pundjilov potok (Pundjil?s stream) in Metovnica; La Bunar in Sarbanovac; Smolnica, Abri above Lazareve pecine (Lazarus? cave), Donja Stopanja (Lower Stopanja) Kobila in Zlot. In the area around Felix Romuliana several settlements have been discovered: in sectors Intra and Extra muros, Kravarnik, Varzari, Petronj 2, sites between Magura and Rimski majdan (Roman mine) and Visicina Basta. From the examination of finds discovered at these sites it can be concluded that on the territory along the course of the River Timok the population of the Starcevo-Keres-Kris cultural complex was relatively well established during the early Neolithic period. The Neolithic occupation of the region had proceeded from the Djerdap gorge in the north and Sicevacka, Svrljiska and Trgoviska gorges in the south, towards the course of the River Timok i.e. the central part of north-east Serbia. The Mesolithic populations had gradually accepted the production of food. Utilizing the optimal climate and fertile soil, they improved their husbandry through new agricultural methods and the better domestication of animals. This experimental process demanded successive migrations, which impoverished the quality of soil and the seasonal movements of animals that needed to be tamed. By analysis of the topographical and geomorphologic character of this terrain, early Neolithic settlements can be described as being agricultural-livestock husbandry and livestock husbandry-hunting based. The first settlements were located on gently inclined terrains relatively close to water sources, at altitudes of 180 to 300 m. The second category of settlements were formed on uplands, offering a better view of the terrain, 230 to over 450 metres above sea level. These were probably short-term or seasonal settlements since such territories were usually unsuitable for habitation during the winter months. The poor geomorphology of the land, the magma-rock substratum and ill-drained soil, in combination with primitive agriculture, guaranteed greater soil erosion, which would destroy the economic worth of the soil. With the disappearance of the early- Neolithic population from this region, human habitation did not reoccur until several millennia later, during the middle Bronze age.
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Górska-Zabielska, Maria. "Roundness and matt degree of quartz grain surfaces in (fluvio-)glacial deposits of the Pomeranian Stage (Weichselian) in northeast Germany." Geologos 21, no. 2 (2015): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/logos-2015-0008.
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Abstract Glacial tills and fluvioglacial sediments deposited by the ice-sheet during the Pomeranian Stage (Weichselian) in northeast Germany have been examined in terms of the degree of abrasion, rounding and frosting of quartz grain surfaces in order to determine the conditions and processes that occurred in the alimentation environment of the fine-grained material, as well as during transport. Strata in the glaciomarginal zone and the hinterland of the Pomeranian Stage in the area represent diverse lithofacies, but have similar textural features. These features illustrate mainly that a high-energy aquatic environment had reacted with glacial deposits prior to their inclusion into the ice mass and deposited in the area covered by the Odra lobe. The lack of regional diversification in the character of quartz grain surfaces in glacial deposits between the German part of the Odra lobe and the remainder of the area analysed is recorded solely in the morphological dimension, i.e. the outlet fragment of the ice-front’s course, but not in textural features of the sediments
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Zwanzig, Herman V. "Structure and stratigraphy of the south flank of the Kisseynew Domain in the Trans-Hudson Orogen, Manitoba: implications for 1.845-1.77 Ga collision tectonics." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36, no. 11 (1999): 1859–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e99-042.
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On the south flank of the Kisseynew Domain, orthogneisses derived from 1.92-1.85 Ga volcano-plutonic rocks are overlain by paragneisses (Burntwood and Missi groups) derived from 1.855-1.84 Ga marine turbidite and 1.845-1.83 Ga terrestrial clastic and volcanic rocks. The sediments in these groups are interpreted as having been shed into the Kisseynew paleobasin from an active margin bordering the Flin Flon Belt. The sedimentation apparently followed early microcontinental collision and accompanied the last arc magmatism in the Trans-Hudson Orogen. The sedimentary rocks and their basement were deformed into a complexly refolded stack of large recumbent folds. Premetamorphic F1 structures represent a fold and thrust system initiated during the sedimentation. These structures are interpreted as transported toward the Kisseynew Domain in the northeast and the hinterland in the southwest. F2 structures (~1.82 Ga) comprise westerly transported nappes. During 1.82-1.80 Ga high-grade metamorphism, the early structures were overturned, amplified, and refolded. Basement-cored culminations and sheet-like synforms of paragneiss were horizontally attenuated and transported south and southwest. North- and northeast-trending F4 folds and F5 faults formed after 1.79 Ga. The whole cycle of deformation is related to stages of continental collision between the internal (juvenile) zone of the Trans-Hudson Orogen and the three surrounding Archean cratons (Sask, Superior, and Hearne). The F4 upright folds and steep F5 faults are interpreted as the record of intracontinental transpression, strongly controlled by the Superior Craton boundary.
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Gonçalves Nobre, João Pedro, Éder Paulo Vendrasco, and Carlos Frederico Bastarz. "Impact of Ensemble-Variational Data Assimilation in Heavy Rain Forecast over Brazilian Northeast." Atmosphere 12, no. 9 (2021): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091201.
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The Brazilian Northeast (BNE) is located in the tropical region of Brazil. It is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean, and its climate and vegetation are strongly affected by continental plateaus. The plateaus keep the humid air masses to the east and are responsible for the rain episodes, and at the west side the northeastern hinterland and dry air masses are observed. This work is a case study that aims to evaluate the impact of updating the model initial condition using the 3DEnVar (Three-Dimensional Ensemble Variational) system in heavy rain episodes associated with Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS). The results were compared to 3DVar (Three-Dimensional Variational) and EnSRF (Ensemble Square Root Filter) systems and with no data assimilation. The study enclosed two MCS cases occurring on 14 and 24 January 2017. For that purpose, the RMS (Regional Modeling System) version 3.0.0, maintained by the Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), used two components: the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model and the GSI (Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation) data assimilation system. Currently, the RMS provides the WRF initial conditions by using 3DVar data assimilation methodology. The 3DVar uses a climatological covariance matrix to minimize model errors. In this work, the 3DEnVar updates the RMS climatological covariance matrix through the forecast members based on the errors of the day. This work evaluated the improvements in the detection and estimation of 24 h accumulated precipitation in MCS events. The statistic index RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) showed that the hybrid data assimilation system (3DEnVar) performed better in reproducing the precipitation in the MCS occurred on 14 January 2017. On 24 January 2017, the EnSRF was the best system for improving the WRF forecast. In general, the BIAS showed that the WRF initialized with different initial conditions overestimated the 24 h accumulated precipitation. Therefore, the viability of using a hybrid system may depend on the hybrid algorithm that can modify the weights attributed to the EnSRF and 3DVar matrix in the GSI over the assimilation cycles.
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Symons, D. T. A. "Paleomagnetism of the Proterozoic Wathaman batholith and the suturing of the Trans-Hudson orogen in Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 12 (1991): 1931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-174.
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The Wathaman (Wathaman–Chipewyan) batholith is an 1854 ± 11 Ma, northeast-trending, homogenous, felsic pluton that is over 900 km long. It is thought to be a magmatic arc, with the Archean Hearne craton on its northwestern side as the hinterland and the remains of the Early Proterozoic Manikewan oceanic crust of the Trans-Hudson orogen on its southeastern side. Alternating-field and thermal step demagnetization methods isolate an A remanence component with a mean direction of D = 134.6°, I = 54.1° (α95 = 3.5°, k = 94, N = 19). Isothermal remanent magnetization tests confirm that this A magnetization component is preserved in pseudosingle to multidomain magnetite and in hematite. Contact tests with intruded older rocks of the Peter Lake domain, with younger crosscutting mafic dikes and with younger crosscutting shear zones, indicate that A is a primary remanence. Its pole position of 67°W, 9°N (dp = 3°, dm = 5°) confirms that it was formed along the margin of the Slave–Rae–Hearne craton, supporting tectonic models that it records a suture zone. It also indicates that the LaRonge – Lynn Lake domain, Flin Flon domain, and Superior Province were translated relatively northwestward into the suture by at least 11 ± 11°, 27 ± 12°, and 49° ± 16°, respectively, as the Manikewan Ocean closed.
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Lima, Yuri Fernandes, Patricia Tatemoto, Eduardo Santurtun, Emily Kate Reeves, and Zoe Raw. "The human-animal relationship and its influence in our culture: the case of donkeys." Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 58 (March 15, 2021): e174255. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2021.174255.
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Donkeys (Equus asinus) face a global crisis. Their health, welfare, and even their local survival are compromised as the demand for their skins increases. Such demand for donkey skins aims to supply the ejiao industry. Ejiao is a traditional remedy made from the collagen of donkey skins. Some people believe it has medicinal properties. It is estimated that the ejiao industry currently requires approximately 4.8 million donkey skins per year. Although the future of the donkeys is still uncertain, we must guarantee a life free from suffering to the animals under our responsibility. The trade of donkey skins also undermines the cultural role of donkeys. Donkeys have developed an essential role in Brazil, especially in the Northeast region of the country, carrying on their backs construction materials, water, and food, and, as a consequence, helping people build cities in the deepest hinterland. The close relationship between people and donkeys affords donkeys a unique place in the local culture. This central importance has been recognized by Brazilian artists throughout history. We have many examples of songs, books, “cordeis” (typical Brazilian literature), poems, documentaries, movies, woodcuts, paintings, and sculptures, created to honor this important actor. Here we describe some examples of this human-donkey relationship, and its influence on our culture.
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OCAKOĞLU, F. "Palaeoenvironmental analysis of a Miocene basin in the high Taurus Mountains (southern Turkey) and its palaeogeographical and structural significance." Geological Magazine 139, no. 4 (2002): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756802006544.
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Determination of the relationships between the southern, marine-dominated Miocene basins of south central Turkey and their continental hinterland in southern Turkey has traditionally been frustrated by the apparent absence of basin remnants within the Taurus Mountains. The Dikme basin, which seems to be an enclave of basin remnants within the Aladağ Mountains (Eastern Taurides), consists mainly of coarse-grained continental sediments of various facies. These mostly early–middle Miocene sediments were studied to determine the depositional environments and the factors controlling the basin formation and basin fill architecture, to attempt to close the information gap between the Adana Basin to the south and central Anatolian Miocene further to the north. A generally southwest-flowing axial fluvial system and interfingering coarse-grained marginal alluvial clastics derived from northwest and southeast were identified. The marginal facies to the northwest is bounded by a N 55° E-running structural lineament, that starts from the Ecemiş Fault Zone and in digital elevation models extends toward the north of the study area. Along this lineament, Miocene sediments onlap steep fault-line escarpments. Certain Miocene levels are tectonically disrupted, and an intraformational unconformity and boulder conglomerates are also well-developed in the Miocene sequence. The southeast boundary is similarly defined by a NE-trending fault that periodically elevated the adjacent Tufanbeyli autochthon, producing coarse clastics from this area. This boundary fault also induced fining-upwards vertical patterns and synsedimentary deformation in the marginal facies. Additionally, the central part of the basin exhibits a distinct fault-defined morphology characterized by small-scale (tens of metres to 150 m high) valley-and-sill topography. A thin marine interval was also encountered in the southernmost part of the basin, indicating that the clastic system originating around this area debouched into a Miocene sea situated further to the south. The proposed palaeogeography and basin fill model suggests that the Dikme basin and similar Miocene remnants, all controlled mainly by a northeast-running extensional or transtensional fault system, may have been parts of the terrestrial hinterland that supplied sediment to rapidly subsiding marine areas further south, such as the Adana Basin.
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Wei, Ting, Zhiwen Dong, Shichang Kang, and Sven Ulbrich. "Tracing the Provenance of Long-Range Transported Dust Deposition in Cryospheric Basins of the Northeast Tibetan Plateau: REEs and Trace Element Evidences." Atmosphere 9, no. 12 (2018): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9120461.
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Based on cryoconite and snow dust samples collected from various glaciers and snowpacks in northeast Tibetan Plateau (NETP) margin and surrounding areas, this study investigated the rare earth element (REE) and trace element composition of long-range transported (LRT) dust in glacier surfaces at the NETP locations, in order to trace its source areas and the transport over the region. Results showed that the deposited dust in NETP mainly originated from the adjacent Qaidam Basin, Badain Jaran and Taklimakan Deserts based on the similarity in (La/Sm)N, Th/YbN and Nb/YbN ratios. However, most samples collected at Miaoergou Glacier (MG) located in the Tianshan Mountains showed very different rare earth elements (REEs) ratios from the above locations attributed to the dominant contribution of LRT dust emitted by the southern Gobi Deserts. We found that large central Asian deserts rarely contributed LRT dust to Yuzhufeng (YG) in the hinterland Tibetan Plateau (TP). Taking the region as a whole, it was found that most of the glacier and snowpacks showed mixed dust sources and inputs from different parts of surrounding central Asian deserts that are characterized by different mineralogical settings. Geochemical data indicated that the NETP region acts as an important channel for aeolian transport from large Asian deserts into Loess Plateau and eastern regions, with atmospheric circulations bringing plenty of dust particles deposition to the high-altitude glacier surface in NETP margin. This work is of great importance in providing a new complete view of LRT aeolian emission and transport over the NETP region.
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Ji, Xuan, and Yanqing Jiang. "The Difference of Outward-Oriented Economy in Six Provinces of Central China Based on the Theil Index." Asian Development Policy Review 6, no. 2 (2018): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.107.2018.62.70.76.
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Six provinces in the central part of China are the important economic hinterland of our country. With the first development of the eastern coastal areas and the strategy of developing the West and revitalizing the northeast, the central area’s economy has gradually collapsed and the outward oriented economy has also collapsed. In this paper, we use modified Theil index to analysis the degree of the outward-oriented economy difference in six provinces and the difference between inter regional and extra regional differences of total export-import volume and actual utilization of foreign capital. It is concluded that the difference of outward-oriented economy in these six provinces of central China is obvious, but the overall difference is getting smaller and the difference of the actual utilization of foreign capital is greater than the difference of total import and export volume. Inter and extra differences play a different role in Theil index of total import and export volume and actual utilization of foreign capital. By analyzing reasons of these differences, we list some suggestions about increasing Anhui province’s competition of Outward-oriented economy. Each government is supposed to make full use of the policies, strengthen cooperation, conduct resources consolidation better, build more inland-ports, make full use of the advantages of labor and resources, focus on talent cultivation and exchange.
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GUYOT-RÉCHARD, BÉRÉNICE. "Reordering a Border Space: Relief, rehabilitation, and nation-building in northeastern India after the 1950 Assam earthquake." Modern Asian Studies 49, no. 4 (2015): 931–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x14000250.
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AbstractOn 15 August 1950, just as India was celebrating its third independence anniversary, an earthquake of 8.6 magnitude struck the remote northeastern state of Assam and its surrounding borderlands. Rivers burst their banks and landslides blocked Himalayan valleys, destroying towns, villages, roads, fields, and tea gardens in their wake. Beyond the disaster's shattering impact on the physical geography of the region, this article explores how it participated in another reconfiguration—that of Assam's place within India's political geography and national imaginary. The Indian public had hitherto known very little about India's remote ‘northeast frontier’; the cataclysm and subsequent relief measures served to carve out a space for it on Indian mental maps. Simultaneously, by forcing a large-scale encounter between Indian authorities and the people of the scarcely controlled eastern Himalayas, post-earthquake relief and rehabilitation led to unprecedented state expansion in this newly strategic borderland. Yet in the same breath, the aftermath of the disaster fuelled stereotypes about Assam and its hinterland that would eventually further their marginality within India and undermine their continued unity. The crystallization of Assam's image as a place irreducibly subject to the whims of nature and, more importantly, incapable of taking care of itself (and hence, of its highland dependencies), would poison centre–state relations for decades to come. Imperfect and contradictory, the reordering of this border space from a colonial frontier to a component of independent India's national space did not end marginality, but instead reinforced it.
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Gaffney, Vince, Helen Patterson, Paul Roberts, et al. "Forum Novum–Vescovio: Studying urbanism in the Tiber valley." Journal of Roman Archaeology 14 (2001): 58–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400019838.
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The Roman town of Forum Novum lies in the Sabine hills to the northeast of Rome. Its study forms part of the British School at Rome's Tiber Valley Project, a collaborative research initiative which studies the Tiber valley as the hinterland of Rome, tracing the impact of Rome's development on the history of its settlement, economy, and cultural identity from 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1300 (Patterson and Millett 1999; Patterson et al. 2000) (fig. 1). The project draws on the extensive work carried out in this area to produce a new, material-based history of the valley. While the project seeks to re-evaluate past survey material, a vital contrast is provided by the development of new field projects to fill the gaps in settlement knowledge. Three main lacunae have been identified: the study of urban centres; the dearth of data from the E bank of the Tiber; and the poor understanding of the late-antique and early Mediaeval landscape. Forum Novum offers an opportunity to address all these lacunae.Urbanism forms a key research theme for the Tiber Valley Project. In marked contrast to the intensity of archaeological work on rural settlement in this area, there has been little systematic research on towns. Study has tended to concentrate on the excavation of monumental structures or, more rarely, the investigation of single and exceptional towns such as Ostia and Rome itself. Surprisingly little is known of the organization of the smaller towns and knowledge of their history is based largely on the epigraphic and documentary evidence.
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Shahpasandzadeh, Majid, Hemin Koyi, and Faramarz Nilfouroushan. "The significance of switch in convergence direction in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran: Insights from scaled analogue modeling." Interpretation 5, no. 1 (2017): SD81—SD98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0117.1.
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The switch in direction of convergence between Central Iran and the Eurasian Plate is believed to have a significant impact on the structural style in the Alborz Mountains, in the north of Iran. To understand the deformation pattern and investigate the influence of the South Caspian Basin kinematics since the middle Miocene on the structural styles and active tectonics of the Alborz Mountains, a series of scaled analogue models were prepared, in which passively layered loose sand simulating the sedimentary units were subjected to orthogonal and subsequently oblique shortening by a rigid indenter. Model results indicate that during the shortening, an arcuate-shaped foreland-vergent imbricate stack forms in front of the indenter. The orthogonal shortening is characterized by a prevailing right-lateral and left-lateral oblique-slip motion in the east and west of the model, respectively. This shift in kinematics contradicts the proposed preneotectonic (orthogonal) model of the Alborz. However, during oblique shortening, model results show that deformation is mainly accommodated by left-lateral transpression within the sand wedge and internal deformation. Oblique shortening is consistently accommodated by continued left-lateral motion on the west-northwest-trending oblique thrusts, whereas the east–west-trending thrusts and the preexisting east-northeast-trending right-lateral oblique thrusts reactivate as left-lateral oblique faults. Precise monitoring of the model surface also illustrates partitioning of shortening into the foreland-vergent left-lateral thrusting in the south and hinterland-vergent back thrusting in the north. These model results are generally consistent with field observations and GPS data of structure and kinematics of the Alborz Mountains.
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Gravestock, D. I., and J. E. Hibburt. "SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE EASTERN OFFICER AND ARROWIE BASINS: A FRAMEWORK FOR CAMBRIAN OIL SEARCH." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90014.
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The Early Cambrian eastern Officer and Arrowie Basins share a common sequence stratigraphic framework despite their contrasting settings. The Arrowie Basin was initially a shallow marine shelf between two land masses with moderate to abrupt shelf-ramp and shelf-slope profiles deepening to the north and south. Tectonic activity subsequently restricted open marine access to the north resulting in evaporite and red bed deposition. In the eastern Officer Basin epeiric sea sediments had open marine access only to the northeast. The palaeoslope was low and surrounding land supplied abundant siliciclastics. Following marine withdrawal alkaline playa lake and evaporitic mudflat deposits spread across the hinterland. Potential source rocks in the Arrowie Basin are thick transgressive and early high-stand deposits of the lowest three sequences. Organic carbon content may be highest (on slender evidence) where marine circulation was restricted. Carbonate reservoir quality on the shelf depends on subaerial exposure during marine lowstands. Prograding highstand sands, carbonate grainstones, and syntectonic channel deposits have untested reservoir potential. In the eastern Officer Basin potential source rocks are thin but widespread. Oil has been generated in the playa lake sediments. Fluvial, aeolian and shoreline sandstones, and those interbedded with carbonates, have excellent reservoir characteristics. The interbedded sands are thin but may be grouped near sequence boundaries. Lowstand carbonate breccias have generally unpredictable reservoir quality. Major differences in source and reservoir bed distribution between these basins, which share the same cycles of relative sea level change, are: palaeoslope, proximity to open marine conditions, duration of subaerial exposure and availability of terrigenous clastics.
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Zhu, Xiaomin, Shunli Li, Qianghu Liu, et al. "Source to sink studies between the Shaleitian uplift and surrounding sags: Perspectives on the importance of hinterland relief and catchment area for sediment budget, Western Bohai Bay Basin, China." Interpretation 5, no. 4 (2017): ST65—ST84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2017-0027.1.
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Source-to-sink system analysis, a cutting-edge topic in the field of earth science, encompasses the whole system, from erosion and transportation to sediment accumulation on the earth’s surface, and involves multidisciplinary collaboration. This current analysis, based on high-precision 3D seismic data, well logs, and other drilling data, using quantitative characterization of the source-to-sink elements, documents that Archean-Proterozoic migmatitic granite, Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate and clastic rocks, and Mesozoic volcaniclastic rocks are developed in the Shaleitian uplift from south to north across large relief differences (up to 2300 m). The relief and size of the catchment in the source area were calculated by denudation recovery, time-depth conversion and high-resolution interpretation on seismic data. Three types of sediment-transporting channel system and 20 catchment areas ([Formula: see text]) were documented around the edges of the uplift: paleovalley channels, fault-controlled channels, and fault-transfer channels. The Paleogene sink is dominated by near-source coarse-grained depositional systems, with the lithofacies characteristics of low lake level (sand rich), lake transgressive (mud rich), and uplift period (sand rich). Three types of boundary conditions developed in the region of the Shaleitian uplift: fault-related steep-slopes (single or multiple), fault ramps, and slope patterns. The bedrock composition, catchment area, channel systems, and fault-border patterns in the Shaleitian uplift jointly controlled the types and scales of sedimentary sandbodies. The south Shaleitian tectonic zone functioned as a high-efficiency coupling system in which reservoir sandbodies were developed (extensive length distance, with well-sorted and round-grained sediments, but weak physical properties). The coupling system for the southwest and west Shaleitian tectonic zones is subordinate (near source and sand rich, sand and mud interbedded, and weak physical properties). The coupling system of the northeast Shaleitian tectonic zone is lowest in efficiency (relatively mud rich).
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Carson, Chris J., Robert G. Berman, Richard A. Stern, Mary Sanborn-Barrie, Tom Skulski, and Hamish AI Sandeman. "Age constraints on the Paleoproterozoic tectonometamorphic history of the Committee Bay region, western Churchill Province, Canada: evidence from zircon and in situ monazite SHRIMP geochronology." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 41, no. 9 (2004): 1049–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e04-054.
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In situ UPb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) analyses of monazite from upper amphibolite-facies paragneiss of the Committee Bay supracrustal belt, central Rae domain, Canada, reveal three age populations: ca. 2350, 1850, and 1780 Ma. The ca. 1850 Ma age also corresponds to growth of low Th/U zircon as indicated by UPb SHRIMP analyses of zircon separates from melanosome and leucosome. The contextual advantage of the in situ monazite analysis allows evaluation of the geochronological data in terms of the regional structural and metamorphic evolution. The region is dominated by a northeast-striking S2 (±S1) fabric, axial planar to tight, northwest-vergent F2 folds. Early garnet is enveloped by this biotitesillimanite ± cordierite S2 fabric. GarnetI hosts ca. 1850 Ma monazite inclusions (with ca. 2350 Ma cores), placing a maximum age on garnetI growth and S2 development. D2 metamorphic conditions progressed through ~3.5 kbar (1 kbar = 100 MPa) and 600 °C to near-peak conditions of ~5 kbar and 675 °C. A minimum age for S2 is provided by unstrained ca. 1820 Ma monzogranite that locally, and regionally, truncates S2. Dominantly ca. 1780 Ma matrix monazite is interpreted to date post-S2 garnetII and cordierite, which record ~5 kbar and 675 °C. These data indicate that the Committee Bay region experienced penetrative D2 tectonometamorphism at ca. 18501820 Ma, with a subsequent static overprint. The absence of a ca. 1.85 Ga plutonic suite in the region suggests that low-pressure metamorphism was a response to thick-skinned crustal thickening initiated at ca. 1870 Ma. The new data highlight the importance of Paleoproterozoic reworking of the central Rae domain in the hinterland of the Trans-Hudson orogen.
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Magaš, Damir, and Ante Blaće. "Geomorfološka obilježja Danilskog polja kod Šibenika kao osnova historijsko-geografskog razvitka." Geoadria 15, no. 1 (2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.505.
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Suitable agriculture zones in karst regions have extraordinary significance for the inhabitants’ existence. Danilsko polje, one of such zones, is situated in microregion of Šibenik-Rogoznica littoral, in Šibenik hinterland, Croatia. Danilsko polje is, morphologically, an oval shaped valley placed between two karst ridges, the extension of Trtar with Velika Glava (542 m) from north-northeast, and significantly lower Crno Brdo with Podi from southsouthwest in the area of Danilo Biranj and Danilo Gornje settlements. Due to high soil quality, the cultivation of polje is the process that has lasted for thousands of years. Polje is characterized by scarce water sources, which were, nevertheless, very important for the survival of population in the past.The Neolithic population, whose traces have been preserved in the remains of famous middle Neolithic culture on the Adriatic, so called Danilo culture (4500 BC - 3900 BC), had been the first farmers of Danilsko polje. Later settlers from Metal Age had fortified themselves at peak Gradina, so they could easily control the polje from their hill-fort. Roman conquerors founded their municipium Rider in the central part of Danilsko polje, and valorized its natural- geographical potentials. From numerous nations who passed through during the Great Migrations Croats were the only ones who settled down and continued to valorize polje and surrounding karst area for practising transhumance which they depended on since they were agricultural-cattle rising society. During High and Late Middle Ages, Danilsko polje was in possession of the Commune of Šibenik, well-known for cultivation of vineyards, olive trees and cereals. Long-lasting period of unstable geopolitical conditions began with Ottoman conquest and with formation of their strongholds in Skradin and Drniš. It was only after 20s of 18th century that the war turmoil ceased, and after that, to a certain extent, the colonization of deserted areas started as well in that of Danilsko polje. Ever since, practically until today, the main feature of Danilsko polje has been traditional crop production in various conditions of agrotechnical cultivation
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Wang, Fahui, Fengjun Jin, and Chaolin Gu. "GIS-Based Method for Delineating Urban Hinterlands in Northeast China." Annals of GIS 11, no. 2 (2005): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10824000509480606.
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Hope, Jacqueline, and David Eaton. "Crustal structure beneath the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: constraints from gravity and magnetic modelling." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, no. 3 (2002): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e01-060.
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Regional gravity and magnetic anomalies that originate from crystalline basement rocks extend over many parts of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Although these potential-field anomalies provide a basis for tectonic subdivisions of the basement crust, most previous interpretations of these features have been largely qualitative in nature. This study focuses on numerical simulation and quantitative interpretation of five regional potential-field anomalies in Alberta, Canada, for which independent constraints on crustal structure are available from Lithoprobe seismic and electromagnetic studies. The Kimiwan High (~55°N, 116°W) is a roughly 250 km long linear magnetic high. Seismic profiles across this anomaly provide evidence for a crustal-scale extensional fault system that offsets the Winagami reflection sequence, a series of mid-crustal sills. We find that the magnetic anomaly can be modelled as either a 1540 km wide zone of moderate positive susceptibility (4.5 × 103 SI units) in the hanging wall of the detachment (517 km depth), or as a narrower (510 km), steeply dipping zone of high susceptibility (2.5 × 102 SI units) in the footwall (1632 km depth). We interpret the former scenario as indicative of an extensive zone of alteration above the fault, whereas the latter could represent a decapitated granitic pluton that correlates with magmatic rocks farther north. To the southeast, the Thorsby Low (~53°N, 114°W) is a sinuous, 400 km long magnetic low and gravity gradient trend that appears to be a splay of the much more extensive Snowbird tectonic zone. Previous seismic interpretations across the Thorsby Low indicate that it coincides with a 10 km offset in the Moho. Our results show that this abrupt change in crustal thickness is consistent with, but not required by, the gravity signature of this feature. The northeast-striking Red Deer High (~53°N, 112°W) is a narrow magnetic anomaly in central Alberta with variable intensity along strike. Previous magnetotelluric studies suggest that the Red Deer anomaly is closely associated with a linear, highly conductive body in the upper basement. Our modelling results confirm the shallow depth of the causative body and suggest an eastward dip that is consistent with published seismic interpretations. Near the eastern border of Alberta, the 300 km long Eyehill High (~52°N, 110°W) is a prominent north-striking magnetic anomaly adjacent to the western hinterland of the Trans-Hudson Orogen. Combined gravity and magnetic modelling show that this feature occurs near the western boundary of a large block of dense material in the lower crust. The magnetic anomaly can be simulated by a near-vertical dyke-like body in the upper crust. Lastly, the Vulcan structure (~50.5°N, 112°W) forms the ~400 km long, northern boundary of the Archean Medicine Hat block. It is defined by a sinuous east-trending magnetic anomaly and gravity low. The wavelength and polarity of the magnetic anomaly (positive in the north), coupled with the coincident gravity low, are most simply explained by a mid-crustal low-density body with significant remanent magnetization oriented antiparallel to the present-day field.
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Jennifer S. Bowles. ""Don't Forget Me": Cultivating a Politics of Trust with Agricultural Workers in the Hinterlands of Northeast Argentina." Collaborative Anthropologies 3, no. 1 (2010): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cla.2010.0002.
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Borges, M. G. B., R. A. Silva, A. S. Araújo, A. B. A. Andrade, D. F. Cajá, and P. B. Maracajá. "Estudo sobre a sustentabilidade: aspectos socioeconômicos e ambientais em cinco associações de apicultores no Sertão da Paraíba." ACTA Apicola Brasilica 2, no. 2 (2014): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/aab.v2i2.3505.
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<p>A criação de abelhas é uma atividade desenvolvida nos mais diversos estados brasileiros e, particularmente, no estado da Paraíba assim como outros estados dos nordeste encontra condições climáticas e ambientais bastante propícias. Um aspecto social relevante na produção do mel e seus derivados, na realidade deste estado, é o fato desta ser desenvolvida normalmente por pequenos agricultores, em diversos municípios deste estado, cujos apicultores que alcançaram maior nível de organização já produzem mel com qualidade para exportação, que ainda é realizada indiretamente, através de empresas de outros estados. Tivemos como objetivo realizar um estudo socioeconômico e ambiental, como também, verificar a sustentabilidade na atividade apícola em cinco associações de apicultores no alto sertão da Paraíba. A coleta de dados sobre os agentes envolvidos nessa atividade, deu-se mediante a aplicação de questionários e realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, aplicadas diretamente com os associados das associações de Apicultores em cinco municípios do Sertão da Paraíba. A associação que apresentou maior Índice de Qualidade de Vida (IQV) foi Santa Helena, com 0,9858. Seguidas por Triunfo com 0,9333, São João do Rio do Peixe com 0,8167, Catolé do Rocha com 0,7778 e Poço José de Moura com 0,6889, respectivamente, mostrou que 100% dos apicultores pesquisados possuem pelo menos um dos bens dos grupos 1, 2 e 3, Na composição do Índice de Capital Social (ICS), o maior valor foi constatado em Catolé do rocha: 0,8999, seguidos por São João do Rio do Peixe com 0,8570 atingiram alto nível do indicador de desenvolvimento em capital. Para o Índice Ambiental podemos verificar que a associação de São João do Rio do Peixe, obteve o maior índice de indicador ambiental, ou seja 0,9143, seguidos por Catolé do Rocha com 0,8857. Para as cinco associações encontramos os valores médios para o Índice de Sustentabilidade (IS) de 0,8110.</p><pre><strong><em>Study on sustainability: social, economic and environmental aspects in five beekeepers' associations in the outback of Paraíba</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></pre><p>The beekeeping is an activity developed in various Brazilian states, and particularly in the state of Paraíba and other states of the northeast is climatic and environmental conditions quite favorable. An important social aspect in the production of honey and its derivatives, in reality this state, is the fact that it is usually developed by small farmers in several counties of this state, whose beekeepers who have attained a higher level of organization already produce honey with quality for export which is still held indirectly through companies from other states. Our aim was to perform a socioeconomic and environmental study, but also verify the sustainability in beekeeping in five beekeepers associations in high hinterland of Paraíba. Data collection on the agents involved in this activity, took place through the application of questionnaires and conducting semi-structured interviews, applied directly with members of Beekeepers' associations in five municipalities in the backwoods of Paraíba. The association with the highest Quality of Life Index (IQV) was Santa Helena, with 0,9858. Followed by Triunfo with 0.9333, São João do Rio do Peixe with 0.8167, 0.7778 with Catolé do Rocha and Poço José de Moura with 0.6889, respectively, showed that 100% of surveyed beekeepers have at least one of goods of groups 1, 2 and 3, the composition of the Capital Index (ICS), the highest value was found in Catolé do Rocha: 0.8999, followed by São João do Rio do Peixe with 0.8570 reached high level of development indicator in capital. For Environmental Index we can see that the association of São João do Rio do Peixe, had the highest environmental indicator index, 0.9143, followed by Catolé do Rocha with 0.8857. For the five associations found the average values for the Sustainability Index (SI) of 0,8110.</p>
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Santos, Martha S. "Mothering slaves, labor, and the persistence of slavery in Northeast Brazil: a non-plantation view from the hinterlands of Ceará, 1813–1884." Women's History Review 27, no. 6 (2017): 954–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2017.1336846.
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Tilly, Charles. "Don Kalb, Marco van der Land, Richard Staring, Bart van Steenbergen, and Nico Wilterdink, eds. The Ends of Globalization: Bringing Society Back In. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000. vii + 403 pp." International Labor and Working-Class History 60 (October 2001): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547901244536.
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As the European population grew after 1100 CE, bishops and princes in the thinly settled regions northeast of what we now call Germany took to generating revenue and labor power by recruiting qualified migrants to newly chartered cities and villages. Often the charters granted access to German law rather than the Slavic or Scandinavian codes and practices that had previously prevailed. German law afforded both merchants and peasants greater individual freedom and more secure claims to property than did earlier legal arrangements. Soon German-speaking cities such as Danzig and Riga were booming as crossroads in the exchange of northern goods for the manufactures of Central and Western Europe. In their hinterlands, German-speaking farmers intensified cultivation and shipped agricultural products to centers of international trade. Fairly soon, however, strengthened coercive monarchies and mercantile federations such as the Hanse extracted revenues and exerted top-down controls that increased inequality between insiders and outsiders of the newly expanding political economy. We might call the whole process Europeanization. Within Europeanization, however, what caused what? How did German law, semi-autonomous cities, intensive farming, exclusive trading federations, developmental states, and proliferating markets interact? Decades of vigorous, often vitriolic, debate among historians have not yet produced a clear-cut victory for the view that well- articulated markets did the crucial work, for the riposte that new forms of force-backed exploitation caused the transformation, or for any alternative to those competing explanations.
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Costa, Luis Ricardo Fernandes da, and Vládia Pinto Vidal de Oliveira. "Sistemas ambientais, vulnerabilidade ambiental e uso e ocupação da sub-bacia hidrográfica do riacho Santa Rosa – Nordeste do Brasil (Environmental systems, vulnerability environmental and use and occupation of Santa Rosa river basin- Northeast Brazil)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 12, no. 4 (2019): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v12.4.p1525-1537.
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O trabalho, com base nos estudos integrados, discute elementos que proporcionam subsídios para o diagnóstico ambiental integrado, caracteriza os sistemas ambientais, a vulnerabilidade ambiental e uso e ocupação da sub-bacia hidrográfica do riacho Santa Rosa. As bases conceituais estão elencadas na concepção holística, orientada para uma visão integrativa dos elementos da paisagem. Do ponto de vista metodológico o trabalho foi executado em três etapas: 1 - análise de material bibliográfico, cartográfico e imagens de satélite; 2 - produção de mapas para auxílio no campo e 3 - trabalhos de campo para a comprovação dos dados e correção e adequação do material cartográfico produzido. Os sistemas ambientais caracterizados pelos sertões ainda são os sistemas ambientais mais vulneráveis à desertificação do ponto de vista geoambiental, com o agravante dessas áreas historicamente serem utilizadas para a subsistência local, fruto de diversos vetores de degradação. A B S T R A C TThe work, based on integrated studies, discusses elements that provide grants for environmental assessment integrated, featuring environmental systems, environmental vulnerability, use, and occupation of the area. The conceptual bases are listed in the holistic approach, geared to an integrative view of landscape elements. From a methodological point of view, the work was carried out in five stages: bibliographic material analysis, mapping and satellite imagery; production of maps to aid in the field; fieldwork for the verification of the data and accuracy and adequacy of the produced cartographic material. Environmental systems characterized by hinterlands are still the most vulnerable areas to the desertification of geo-environmental point of view, with the aggravation of the areas traditionally used for local livelihoods because of various vectors of degradation.Keywords: Semiarid landscape. Environmental Systems. Environmental vulnerability. Use and occupation of land.
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Santos, Francisco Leandro de Almeida, and Flavio Rodrigues Do Nascimento. "DINÂMICA HIDROCLIMÁTICA DO PLANALTO DA IBIAPABA E SUA DEPRESSÃO PERIFÉRICA CIRCUNJACENTE: ESTUDO DE CASO NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE TIANGUÁ E UBAJARA- NOROESTE DO CEARÁ - HIDROCLIMATIC DINAMICS OF THE PLATEU IBIAPABA AND ITS PERIPHERAL SURROUDING DEPRESSION: A CASE STUDY IN THE MUNIPALITIES TIANGUÁ AND UBAJARA – NORHWEST OF CEARÁ." Raega - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise 39 (April 27, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/raega.v39i0.41915.
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O Planalto da Ibiapaba representa um compartimento geomorfológico do Nordeste brasileiro, na divisa dos Estados do Ceará e Piauí, exercendo influência sobre a variabilidade climática dos sertões ao entorno em razão da ocorrência de chuvas orográficas na área de disposição do relevo. Assim, o presente trabalho pretende avaliar a dinâmica hidroclimática da área através do cálculo estimado pelo balanço hídrico, demostrando a partir de parâmetros avaliados para os municípios de Tianguá e Ubajara, uma análise comparativa entre os níveis de cimeira do planalto e sua depressão periférica circunjacente. Após as discussões, os resultados apontaram as variáveis de temperatura, excedente e déficit hídrico, precipitação, evapotranspiração potencial e real e capacidade de armazenamento de água no solo. Esses parâmetros traduziram a configuração de características hidroclimáticas que remetem a existência de um sugestivo brejo de altitude no contexto das depressões sertanejas, justificando a dispersão fitogeográfica de um enclave de mata úmida em meio ao ambiente semiárido. Além disso, o mapeamento geomorfológico destacou os processos morfoclimáticos do Quaternário responsáveis pela evolução morfogenética do relevo regional. Assim, se fez possível mensurar a importância do Planalto da Ibiapaba como principal centro dispersor de drenagem do noroeste cearense dada à combinação da geomorfologia e do comportamento hidroclimático diferenciado numa ruptura topográfica que ultrapassa os 700 m no contato com a depressão periférica.ABSTRACTThe Ibiapaba Plateu represents a geomorphological compartment of the Brazilian Northeast, on the border of the States of Ceará and Piauí. The topographic break that exceeds 700 m in contact with the peripheral depression, it exerting influence on climate variability of the hinterlands surrounding due to the orographic rainfall occurring in the area of provision of relief. Thus became possible to measure the importance of the Plateau Ibiapaba, main dispersal center in Ceará, northwest drainage given the combination of geomorphology and differentiated hydroclimatic. That research intends to analyze the hydroclimatic dynamics of the area through the estimated weather balance showing from the studied parameters for the cities of Tianguá and Ubajara, a comparative analysis between elevated levels of the plateau and its surrounding peripheral depression. After discussions, the results show the variables of temperature, precipitation, water deficit and surplus, potential actual evapotranspiration and water storage capacity in the soil. Those parameters have the hydroclimatic characteristics resembling suggestive humid area of altitude in the context of the depressions in the backwoods, justifying the fito-geographic dispersion of an enclave of moist forest in semi-arid environment.
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ADAMS, C. J., H. J. CAMPBELL, and W. L. GRIFFIN. "Provenance comparisons of Permian to Jurassic tectonostratigraphic terranes in New Zealand: perspectives from detrital zircon age patterns." Geological Magazine 144, no. 4 (2007): 701–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756807003469.
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U–Pb detrital zircon ages (LAM-ICPMS) are reported for 20 greywackes and sandstones from seven major tectono-stratigraphic terranes of the Eastern Province of New Zealand (Cretaceous to Carboniferous) to constrain sediment provenances. Samples are mainly from three time horizons: Late Permian, Late Triassic and Late Jurassic. Age datasets are analysed as percentages in geological intervals, and in histogram and cumulative probability diagrams. The latter discriminate significant zircon age components in terms of terrane, sample stratigraphic age, component age, precision and percentage (of total set). Zircon age distributions from all samples have persistent, large Triassic–Permian, and very few Devonian–Silurian, populations, features which exclude a sediment provenance from the early Palaeozoic, Lachlan Fold Belt of southeast Australia or continuations in New Zealand and Antarctica. In the accretionary terranes, significant Palaeozoic (and Precambrian) zircon age populations are present in Torlesse and Waipapa terranes, and variably in Caples terrane. In the fore-arc and back-arc terranes, a unimodal character persists in Murihiku and Brook Street terranes, while Dun Mountain–Maitai terrane is more variable, and with Caples terrane, displays a hybrid character. Required extensive Triassic–Permian zircon sources can only be found within the New England Fold Belt and Hodgkinson Province of northeast Australia, and southward continuations to Dampier Ridge, Lord Howe Rise and West Norfolk Ridge (Tasman Sea). Small but significant Palaeozoic (and Precambrian) age components in the accretionary terranes (plus Dun Mountain–Maitai terrane), have sources in hinterlands of the New England Fold Belt, in particular to mid-Palaeozoic granite complexes in NE Queensland, and Carboniferous granite complexes in NE New South Wales. Major and minor components place sources (1) for the older Torlesse (Rakaia) terrane, in NE Queensland, and (2) for Waipapa terrane, in NE New South Wales, with Dun Mountain–Maitai and Caples terrane sources more inshore and offshore, respectively. In Early Jurassic–Late Cretaceous, Torlesse (Pahau) and Waipapa terranes, there is less continental influence, and more isolated, offshore volcanic arc sources are suggested. There is local input of plutonic rock detritus into Pahau depocentres from the Median Batholith in New Zealand, or its northward continuation on Lord Howe Rise. Excepting Murihiku and Brook Street terranes, all others are suspect terranes, with depocentres close to the contemporary Gondwanaland margin in NE Australia, and subsequent margin-parallel, tectonic transport to their present New Zealand position. This is highlighted by a slight southeastward migration of terrane depocentres with time. Murihiku and Brook Street terrane sources are more remote from continental influences and represent isolated offshore volcanic depocentres, perhaps in their present New Zealand position.
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Hummler, Madeleine. "Americas - Christine S. Vanpool, Todd L. Vanpool & David A. PhillipsJr (ed.). Religion in the Prehispanic Southwest. xii+264 pages, 78 illustrations, 11 tables. 2006. Lanham (MD): AltaMira; 978-0-7591-0966-7 hardback; 978-0-7951-0967-4 paperback £23.99. - Alan P. SullivanIII & James M. Bayman (ed.). Hinterlands and Regional Dynamics in the Ancient Southwest. 304 pages, 45 illustrations, 6 tables. 2007. Tucson (AZ): University of Arizona Press; 978-0-8165-2514-0 hardback $45. - Wendy Ashmore. Settlement Archaeology at Quirigua, Guatemala. xvi+362 pages, 34 illustrations, 22 colour plates (on CD), 95 tables (further tables on CD). 2007. Philadelphia (PA): University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology; 978-1-931707-91-6 hardback $100. - Thomas W. Cuddy Political Identity and Archaeology in Northeast Honduras. xvi+206 pages, 47 illustrations, 4 tables. 2007. Boulder (CO): University Press of Colorado; 978-0-87081-843-1 hardback $50. - Nancy Gonlin & Jon C. Lohse (ed.). Commoner Ritual and Ideology in Ancient Mesoamerica. xv+304 pages, 40 figures, 42 plates, 10 tables. 2007. Boulder (CO): University Press of Colorado; 978-0-87081-845-5 hardback $65. - Julia Guernsey. Ritual & Power in Stone: The Performance ofRulership in Mesoamerican Izapan Style Art. xiv+218 pages, 142 illustrations. 2006. Austin (TX): University of Texas Press; 978-0-292-71323-9 hardback £26. - William F. Keegan Taino Indian Myth and Practice: The Arrival of the Stranger King. xvi+242 pages, 25 illustrations, 11 tables. 2007. Gainesville (FL): University Press of Florida; 978-0-8130-3038-8 hardback $39.95. - James Robertson. Gone is the Ancient Glory: Spanish Town, Jamaica, 1534–2000. xviii+476 pages, 47 illustrations. 2005. Kingston, Jamaica & Miami: Ian Randle: 978-976-637-197-5 paperback. - H. Thomas FosterII with Mary Theresa Bonhage-Freund & Lisa O’Steen. Archaeology of the Lower Muskogee Creek Indians 1715–1836. xxvi+292 pages, 44 illustrations, 26 tables. 2007. Tuscaloosa (AL): University ofAlabama Press; 978-0-8173-5365-0 paperback." Antiquity 81, no. 313 (2007): 825–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00120666.
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Carlos Alexandre Borges Garcia, Anairam Piedade de Souza Melo, Helenice Leite Garcia, et al. "Evolution on the Water Quality in Sergipe Hinterland Reservoirs, Northeast Brazil." Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering B 6, no. 7 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.17265/2162-5263/2017.07.001.
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Zuza, Andrew V., Drew A. Levy, and Suzanne R. Mulligan. "Geologic field evidence for non-lithostatic overpressure recorded in the North American Cordillera hinterland, northeast Nevada." Geoscience Frontiers, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2020.10.006.
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Nie, Junsheng, Thomas Stevens, Martin Rittner, et al. "Loess Plateau storage of Northeastern Tibetan Plateau-derived Yellow River sediment." Nature Communications 6, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9511.
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Abstract Marine accumulations of terrigenous sediment are widely assumed to accurately record climatic- and tectonic-controlled mountain denudation and play an important role in understanding late Cenozoic mountain uplift and global cooling. Underpinning this is the assumption that the majority of sediment eroded from hinterland orogenic belts is transported to and ultimately stored in marine basins with little lag between erosion and deposition. Here we use a detailed and multi-technique sedimentary provenance dataset from the Yellow River to show that substantial amounts of sediment eroded from Northeast Tibet and carried by the river’s upper reach are stored in the Chinese Loess Plateau and the western Mu Us desert. This finding revises our understanding of the origin of the Chinese Loess Plateau and provides a potential solution for mismatches between late Cenozoic terrestrial sedimentation and marine geochemistry records, as well as between global CO2 and erosion records.
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-Rowell, Rasa Banytė, Anna Bitner -Wróblewska, and Christine Reich. "West Lithuania as a Golden Bridge between the Sea and the Baltic hinterland in Northeast Poland during the Roman and Migration Periods." Archaeologia BALTICA 23 (July 20, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v23i0.1302.
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Kamil, Anhar I., Salam Al-Dulaimi, and Kamal Haji Karim. "Campanian Calciturbidites from Northeast Iraq, Kurdistan Region: Insight into Paleogeography and Source Areas of the Shiranish Formation." Iraqi Journal of Science, July 1, 2021, 1912–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2021.62.6.17.
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Calciturbidites are similar to siliciclastic turbidites in structure, texture, basin physiography and processes of deposition; nevertheless, their clasts (grains) are carbonate minerals. Turbidity currents transport carbonate grains from carbonate source areas and coastal areas to the deep basins after passing the shelf (peri-platform). These currents are triggered by short-lived catastrophic events, such as tsunamis, earthquakes, marine slides, and typhoons. The Late Cretaceous Zagros Foreland and Hinterland in NE-Iraq (Kurdistan Region) was an active source for the shedding of voluminous sediments to the deep basin of Zagros Foreland Basin. During late Campanian, Shiranish Formation was deposited in the foreland basin; it occurs in the most famous oil fields in the Middle East and represents hemplagite facies (much diluted turbidite facies). Previous studies have not broached the origins of Shiranish Formation, neither in detail or briefly. Conversely, the present study focused on linking the calciturbidite system to the origin of the deposition of the Shiranish Formation via derivation from main carbonate source areas. Along long distance, the sediments crossed the marginal slope, scoring submarine channels and depositing coarse detrital carbonates before reaching the basin plain. On the plain, mostly the fine fractions have settled down and mixed with pelagic sediment. The calciturbidite evidence could be tracked for more than 40 km in the studied area from the slope and outer shelf (present Thrust Zone) to the basin plain (High Folded zone). In several places, channelized detrital laminated limestones are found inside Shiranish Formation and in the most proximal area near Qaladiza town. Bouma sequences are clearly observable with erosional base and A, B, and C divisions. These calciturbidites are keys for picturing Campanian paleogeography and nature of the source area which was consisted of limestone.
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Haque, Ziaul, John W. Geissman, Peter G. DeCelles, and Barbara Carrapa. "A magnetostratigraphic age constraint for the proximal synorogenic conglomerates of the Late Cretaceous Cordilleran foreland basin, northeast Utah, USA." GSA Bulletin, December 16, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35768.1.
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Reliable ages of proximal conglomerates in the Cordilleran foreland basin that are associated with emplacement and erosion of major thrust sheets are essential for reconstructing the kinematic history of the Sevier fold-thrust belt. Although these conglomerates have been dated by palynology, their absolute ages have been difficult to determine because of their coarse-grained texture and a lack of marine interbeds and tuffaceous deposits. We collected sets of oriented samples from outcrops in northeastern Utah, USA, to construct an overall magnetic polarity stratigraphy that can be correlated to the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS). We sampled fine-grained, hematitic interbeds in the Upper Cretaceous Echo Canyon Conglomerate and Weber Canyon Conglomerate. Common paleomagnetic and rock magnetic analyses were conducted, and several rock magnetic results indicated that the dominant magnetic carriers in these weakly magnetized rocks are hematite and very subordinate magnetite/titanomagnetite/maghemite and goethite. Demagnetization results show that hematitic, fine-grained sandstone to siltstone intervals carry a geologically stable magnetization with directions and polarity consistent with the Late Cretaceous geomagnetic field. A small percentage of samples carry a low laboratory unblocking temperature secondary overprint residing primarily in goethite. Magnetic polarity results indicate that the Echo Canyon Conglomerate is exclusively of normal polarity and that the younger Weber Canyon Conglomerate is of normal polarity in its lowermost part, reverse polarity in the middle, and normal polarity in the upper part of the sequence. The new data indicate that these coarse-grained strata were most likely deposited over the time span of the magnetic polarity Chron (C) 34n to C33r interval and the younger C33r to C33n interval; the former interval includes the Santonian-Campanian stage boundary (ca. 83.4 Ma/83.1 Ma). Palynological data suggest that these rocks span Coniacian-Santonian time (ca. 89−84 Ma); thus, the most parsimonious correlation of the normal polarity magnetozone of the Echo Canyon Conglomerate is with the youngest part of C34n Superchron, which is of ca. 30 Ma duration (ca. 115 Ma to 83.4 Ma/83.1 Ma). The normal polarity magnetozone of the lower part of the younger Weber Canyon Conglomerate likely correlates to the youngest part of C34n, whereas the reverse and normal magnetozone from the middle and upper parts of the Weber Canyon Conglomerate likely correlate to C33r and C33n, respectively. We infer that the Santonian-Campanian boundary resides in the lower Weber Canyon Conglomerate, which implies that deposition of the unit started prior to the C34n/C33r boundary age (ca. 83.4 Ma/83.1 Ma) and continued through the C33r and C33n chrons. Sediment provenance data and growth structures tie the Echo Canyon and Weber Canyon Conglomerates to emplacement of the Crawford thrust sheet. Based on the magnetic polarity data, as constrained by the biostratigraphic age estimates from these synorogenic deposits, we hypothesize that the principal displacement along the Crawford thrust started during the Coniacian (&gt;C34n/C33r boundary age) and continued into the middle Campanian (&lt;C33r/C33n boundary age), from ca. 90−75 Ma, which is nearly 10 Ma longer than previously thought. The new age constraints demonstrate complete temporal overlap between proximal and distal coarse-grained deposits in this part of the Cordilleran foreland basin, coeval with active thrust displacement and rapid hinterland exhumation.
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Holloway, Ron. "Troia 2000." Kinema: A Journal for Film and Audiovisual Media, April 10, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/kinema.vi.975.
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THE 16th TROIA INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL 2000 In his "Image Nation" essay, published in the "Brazilian Cinema Now" booklet handed out at Cannes, critic Jose Carlos Avellar has this to say about last year's Golden Bear winner at the Berlinale: "The story in Central do Brasil may also be seen -- even though not so intended -- as a metaphor for the process of reinventing Brazilian cinema in the 1990s. The film passes across landscapes and through characters that made their mark on the films of the 1960s -- the Northeast, the hinterlands, the migrants, the pilgrims, the average worker from the outskirts of the big city -- following the path of a woman who, gradually, by turning into writing what is said to her, undergoes a process of resensitization. This expression used by Walter Salles is a perfect definition of Dora's experience and, by extension, that of Brazilian...
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Galvão, Patrícia Lins de Arroxelas, Cleber Augusto Trindade Castro, and Priscilla Carla Leite Marques. "Multifuncionalidade no espaço rural brasileiro: o turismo na região vinícola do Vale do São Francisco." Revista Brasileira de Ecoturismo (RBEcotur) 11, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/rbecotur.2018.v11.6553.
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Este trabalho realizou uma análise sobre a prática do turismo no semiárido nordestino, mais precisamente na região vinícola localizada nos estados de Pernambuco e Bahia. O que preexistiu por décadas foi uma apropriação do espaço pela agricultura de subsistência. A partir da prática da agricultura moderna e de atividades não agrícolas, o meio rural brasileiro tem sofrido transformações, envolvendo atividades do setor de serviços, inclusive o turismo, que oferece possibilidades de melhoria de vida, ao oferecer renda complementar às atividades primárias como agricultura, pecuária e extrativismo. Esses serviços instalam-se no meio rural, estabelecendo novas relações, tornando-o diferenciado. Objetivou-se analisar as dinâmicas do turismo no Vale do São Francisco, observando novas práticas, fluxos e ocupação do espaço rural, com implantação de novas estruturas turísticas. A pesquisa possui abordagem qualitativa e foi realizada por meio de levantamento e análise bibliográfica, além do trabalho de campo desenvolvido pela técnica da observação participante junto aos empresários, agentes de governos e instituições ligadas à vinicultura e ao turismo. O Vale desenvolve agricultura irrigada para mercados nacionais e internacionais, possui característica climática peculiar, pois necessita de irrigação devido ao baixo índice pluviométrico. Assim, torna-se possível programar colheitas e obter 2,5 safras ao ano. Impulsionada pelos projetos de agronegócio, a região atrai investimentos de vinícolas internacionais, gerando euforia pouco comum em cidades do sertão, normalmente marcadas pela seca e baixo índice de desenvolvimento humano. Apostando na produção de vinhos, poder público e empresários voltam-se para estruturação do enoturismo. Destacam-se cinco vinícolas que, aliadas à tecnologia, possuem vinhos premiados internacionalmente. Com visitas agendadas, turistas podem conhecer sistema de produção e fazer degustações. O turismo valorizou o espaço local, contudo ainda se apresenta de forma singular em vias de consolidação. Reveste-se de forte refinamento, recriando o espaço a partir de ações cada vez mais artificiais para realizar desejos dos visitantes. Embora grandes proprietários estejam se unindo em torno da atividade e se beneficiando mais diretamente das políticas de fomento, esta não é a realidade vivenciada pelos pequenos produtores, empregados e artesãos locais. Portanto, o mundo rural possui um expressivo dinamismo e é, cada vez mais, heterogêneo. Deve ser compreendido como elo essencial entre o rural e a dinâmica urbana, integrando o meio rural ao conjunto da sociedade com objetivo de assegurar os contatos sociais. Essa multifuncionalidade e diversificação do meio rural constituem uma nova forma de organização dessas atividades agrícolas aliadas à prática do turismo.
 
 Multifunctionality in rural Brazilian: the tourism in wine region of the São Francisco Valley
 
 ABSTRACT
 This paper conducted an analysis of the practice of tourism in the northeast semiarid, specifically in the wine region in the states of Pernambuco and Bahia. For decades there was an appropriation of space for subsistence agriculture. Through the practice of modern agriculture and/or non-agricultural activities, the rural areas in Brazil have undergone transformations, including services like tourism that enables an improvement in life conditions when providing complementary income to the primary activities such as agriculture, livestock and extractivism. These services emerge in rural areas, establishing relations, changing its characteristics. São Francisco Valley develops irrigated agriculture seeking the aiming the national and international market, it has a peculiar climate since it needs to be irrigated due to the low rainfall. This way, it is possible to schedule and obtain 2,5 harvests a year. Stimulated by the agribusiness projects, the regions attract investments from international wineries, changing the dynamic of hinterland cities usually characterized by drought and low human development index. Relying on wine production, the government and businessmen focus on the organization of wine tourism. The aim is to analyze the tourist dynamic in the São Francisco Valley, studying new practices, flows and occupation in rural areas with the implementation of new tourist facilities. The research has a qualitative approached and was conducted through bibliographical analysis and field research developed by the participant observation technique with entrepreneurs, government and institutions related to wineries and tourism. Due to the tourism, the space has been recreated to fulfill the visitors’ needs and expectation, however it is still in the process of consolidation. Although the landowners are involved in the activity and getting benefits directly from development policies, these benefits are not experienced by the small producers, employees and local artisans. Therefore, the rural areas have an expressive dynamism and it is increasingly heterogeneous. This multifunctionality and diversification of rural areas constitute a new form of organization of these agricultural activities together with tourism.
 
 KEYWORDS: Multifunctionality; Rural Space; Tourism; Winery