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1
Rumelili, Bahar, and Ayşe Betül Çelik. "Ontological insecurity in asymmetric conflicts: Reflections on agonistic peace in Turkey’s Kurdish issue." Security Dialogue 48, no. 4 (2017): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010617695715.
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This article contributes to the recent literature on ontological security in conflict studies by empirically investigating, through a case study of Turkey’s Kurdish issue, how ontological asymmetry complicates peace processes. Over time, all conflicts become embroiled in a set of self-conceptions and narratives vis-à-vis the Other, the maintenance of which becomes critical for ontological security. In ethnic conflicts, however, these conceptions and narratives also intersect with a fundamental ontological asymmetry, because such conflicts often pit state parties with secure existence against ethnic groups with contested status and illegitimate standing. We argue that peace processes are easier to initiate but harder to conclude in ontologically asymmetric conflicts. Accordingly, we find that during the 2009–2015 peace process in Turkey, ontological (in)security-induced dynamics presented themselves in cyclical patterns of ambitious peace initiatives receiving greater support among the Kurdish public but giving way, at the first sign of crisis, to a rapid and dramatic return to violence, which neither side acted to stem. Moreover, we underscore that ontologically asymmetric conflicts, such as Turkey’s Kurdish issue, are often characterized by a societal security dilemma, where the conditions of ontological security for one party undermine those of the other. Therefore, building consensus around a new shared peace narrative may not be possible or desirable, and a lasting solution to Turkey’s Kurdish issue depends on the development of an agonistic peace around coexisting, multiple and contestatory narratives.
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Corkum, Phil. "Aristotle on Ontological Dependence." Phronesis 53, no. 1 (2008): 65–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852808x252594.
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AbstractAristotle holds that individual substances are ontologically independent from non-substances and universal substances but that non-substances and universal substances are ontologically dependent on substances. There is then an asymmetry between individual substances and other kinds of beings with respect to ontological dependence. Under what could plausibly be called the standard interpretation, the ontological independence ascribed to individual substances and denied of non-substances and universal substances is a capacity for independent existence. There is, however, a tension between this interpretation and the asymmetry between individual substances and the other kinds of entities with respect to ontological independence. I will propose an alternative interpretation: to weaken the relevant notion of ontological independence from a capacity for independent existence to the independent possession of a certain ontological status.
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Shannon, Nathan D. "Covenant Relation as Prolegomena to Knowledge of God: An Exegetical Study of John 5." Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie 61, no. 3 (2019): 333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nzsth-2019-0018.
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Summary The classical view of the Creator-creature relation conveys ontological asymmetry by affirming a real creature-Creator relation and a rational Creator-creature relation. But the hermeneutical implications of this view obscure the Creator-creature symmetry of biblical religion. In this article I propose a real covenant relation as a divine initiative establishing a relation within which Creator-creature intercourse is possible, actual, and real. I defend the notion of real covenant relation through a study of John 5, and I develop it theologically with reference to Reformed biblical and covenant theology. A real covenant relation preserves ontological asymmetry, vindicates religious symmetry, and affirms rather than obscures the anthropomorphic tenor of biblical revelation.
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Alvarado, José Tomás. "Nuclear Bundles of Tropes and Ontological Dependence." Disputatio. Philosophical Research Bulletin 5, no. 6 (2016): 205–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4703120.
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Several conceptions of trope bundles have postulated mutual relations of ontological dependence to explain the unity of the bundle. The idea is that a bundle is a plurality of tropes such that each one of them is dependent on any other. A variant of this idea is that there is a ‘nucleus’ of tropes all of them mutually dependent, and there is also a ‘periphery’ or ‘halo’ of tropes that are dependent on the tropes of the nucleus, but the tropes of the nucleus are not dependent on them. There are several theoretical advantages that trope bundles conceived in this way have. A weakness of the position nevertheless is that it requires an equivalence relation of dependence. But it has been normally supposed that dependence is a strict order, <em>i.e.</em> it is relation irreflexive, asymmetric and transitive. Several recent works have put into question this traditional assumption. Those recent criticisms are discussed and it is argued that they are not convincing. Further arguments are presented for the irreflexivity and transitivity of dependence, from which asymmetry follows. Dependence, then, appears to be in fact a strict order. This implies that most forms of nuclear trope bundles are unintelligible. But not all of them, because nuclear tropes with a unique nuclear trope are coherent.
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Alvarado, José Tomás. "Nuclear Bundles of Tropes and Ontological Dependence." Disputatio. Philosophical Research Bulletin 5, no. 6 (2016): 205–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3551828.
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Several conceptions of trope bundles have postulated mutual relations of ontological dependence to explain the unity of the bundle. The idea is that a bundle is a plurality of tropes such that each one of them is dependent on any other. A variant of this idea is that there is a ‘nucleus’ of tropes all of them mutually dependent, and there is also a ‘periphery’ or ‘halo’ of tropes that are dependent on the tropes of the nucleus, but the tropes of the nucleus are not dependent on them. There are several theoretical advantages that trope bundles conceived in this way have. A weakness of the position nevertheless is that it requires an equivalence relation of dependence. But it has been normally supposed that dependence is a strict order, <em>i.e.</em> it is relation irreflexive, asymmetric and transitive. Several recent works have put into question this traditional assumption. Those recent criticisms are discussed and it is argued that they are not convincing. Further arguments are presented for the irreflexivity and transitivity of dependence, from which asymmetry follows. Dependence, then, appears to be in fact a strict order. This implies that most forms of nuclear trope bundles are unintelligible. But not all of them, because nuclear tropes with a unique nuclear trope are coherent.
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NEDESCU, RADU. "THE DOUBLE EMPATHY PROBLEM AS A DIALOGIC SENSE-MAKING STYLE ASYMMETRY." Revista Română de Filosofie Analitică 16, no. 2/2-22 (2025): 119–41. https://doi.org/10.62229/rrfaxvi-2/6.
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The occurrence of social comprehension difficulties when people living with autism, henceforth: autistics,2 interact with neurotypicals motivates the re-emergence of key questions about the mind and its interaction with other minds; what are minds and how do they relate to the world and others? The disruption of smooth social interaction brings forth the question of how is a mind able to socially interact and this question motivates one to tacitly provide a definition of what a mind is. This is visible in Simon-Baron Cohen’s exposition of the theory of mind theory, henceforth: ToM, in his book Mindblindness. In this book, Baron Cohen states that autistics have at least a degree of mindblindess and that mindreading3 is the means through which the mind relates to other minds.4 His tacit descriptions of ontological properties of the mind, henceforth: ontological descriptions or assertions, are utterly different from those provided by enactivists and by those who contribute to the 20th century tradition of phenomenology, henceforth: phenomenologists.5 The tension between the ontological descriptions of ToM Theory and those provided by enactivists and phenomenologists has led to a thriving battle ground. This article’s key aim is to provide descriptions that facilitate enactivist or phenomenological analyses that engage with the double empathy problem hypothesis. To bring its aim to fruition, I follow three steps. Firstly, I define the approaches and concepts I use: phenomenology, enactivism, and the double empathy problem. Secondly, I argue in favor of using phenomenology and enactivism for explaining social difficulties in autism by presenting two, at least prima facie, disadvantages of Baron Cohen’s articulation of ToM theory; one disadvantage stems from the ethical implications of his ontological assertions and the other stems from his ontological assertions. Thirdly, I describe autistic-neurotypical social interactions in a non-pathologizing manner by performing an enactivist analysis of the double-empathy problem surrounding autistic-neurotypical social interactions.
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Paoletti, Michele Paolini. "Respects of Dependence and Symmetry." Studia Neoaristotelica 18, no. 1 (2021): 31–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studneoar20211812.
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In this article I discuss several apparent counterexamples to the asymmetry of ontological dependence. These counterexamples were introduced in discussions about grounding, but they can affect every theory of ontological dependence. I show that, if one adopts metaontological pluralism (i.e., the view according to which there are many dependence relations), one has some advantages when it comes to defending the asymmetry of dependence. In Section 1, I introduce metaontological pluralism and my own version of it, which is based on Respect-of-Dependence Relations (rd-relations). I then single out five strategies to deal with apparent cases of symmetric dependence and show that two of them are only available to metaontological pluralists. In Sections 2, 3, and 4 I deal with cases of symmetric dependence by adopting these strategies. Finally, in Section 5, I anticipate and reply to three objections against my account.
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Reza, Muhammad. "Metaphor in Mark Forster's Album LIEBE S/W." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (2021): 1998–2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1888.
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This study is a cognitive semantic analysis of the conceptual metaphor of the song lyrics in Mark Forster's album Liebe S/W. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The theories used are the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) by Lakoff&Johnson (2003) as the main theory and image schema theory by Croft & Cruse (2004). The data sources in this study were taken from the lyrics of 14 German songs from the album Liebe S/W (2019) by Mark Forster. This study was carried out for the purpose of describing the characteristics of the metaphors, the types of conceptual metaphors and image schemes contained in the song lyrics in the album. Mark Forster's cognition as a singer-songwriter on the album can be seen with this study through a conceptual metaphor approach. Based on the results of the research, it is found as many as 52 data containing metaphorical expressions. Based on the analysis in accordance with Saeed's theory as a metaphor characteristic theory, it shows that there are 13 data with abstraction,15 data with conventionality, 9 data with systematicity, and 15 data with asymmetry. The ontological metaphors is the most dominant in the album. Data analysis using the Lakoff&Johnson theory shows that the conceptual metaphors are found as many as 32 ontological metaphors, 15 orientational metaphors, and 5 structural metaphors. The image schemes found are 20 containers, 4 multiplicities, 4 existences, 5 identites, 12 spaces and 1 scale. Some patterns were found based on theories, 1) metaphors with the characteristics of abstraction and asymmetry have ontological, orientational and structural conceptual metaphors with all types of image schemes. 2) metaphors with conventional characteristics only have ontological conceptual metaphor type with some image schemes, except multiplicity. 3) metaphors with systematic characteristics have ontological and orientation conceptual metaphors with image schemes, except identity and scale.
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Obsu, Fiseha, Getachew Kassa, and Samuel Tefera. "Ontological Insecurity and Peace Process: Southern Ethiopia’s Conflict in the Space-Time Continuum." Eirene Estudios de Paz y Conflictos 7, no. 13 (2024): 15–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.62155/eirene.v7i13.274.
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T This study discussed ontological security in the peace process and its impact on conflict transformation in southern Ethiopia conflicts. By analyzing the Garri and Borana conflict and the peace process, the study demonstrates how ethnic conflicts involving conceptions of self-narratives with ontological asymmetry deter peace initiatives. Ontological security framework and qualitative approach guided the study, which sought to interpret reality from the context of the respondents. The study used Key Informant Interview and Focus Group Discussions as a source of primary data and review of secondary sources. Accordingly, the study revealed that the southern Ethiopia peace process since the establishment of ethnic federalism, particularly between Garri [Somali] and Borana [Oromo], has been characterized by persistent ontological (in)security, conflicting narratives, and recurring violence, perpetuating cycle of insecurity and hindering the achievement of durable peace. Breaking this cycle requires negotiations that address the central narratives embraced by both groups, promoting mutual recognition and transforming antagonistic relationships. Embracing coexistence and constructing transformative strategies can create a mutually acceptable narrative that can challenge the established conflict narrative. The study concludes that a peaceful, stable, and mutually supportive environment can be fostered by creating a durable framework that addresses the ontological security concerns of both communities.
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Barrett, John C. "Comment on ‘The symmetries and asymmetries of human–thing relations. A dialogue’." Archaeological Dialogues 24, no. 2 (2017): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203817000149.
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Gavin Lucas questions whether Ian Hodder's analysis of the ‘entanglements’ between humans and many other things necessarily assumes an inherent asymmetry. The quick answer is that it is more than likely, and we might wonder why Lucas thinks that this is a problem. The recent ‘ontological turn’ in archaeology has sought to treat the differences between all things ‘symmetrically’ and ‘without a priori subsuming them into an asymmetrical regime of radical divides’ (Olsen and Witmore 2015, 188). One such radical divide would be between living things (such as humans) and non-living things (such as hammers): it is the potential asymmetry across this divide that Lucas seems to want to avoid.
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GERALD DOWNING, F. "ONTOLOGICAL ASYMMETRY IN PHILO AND CHRISTOLOGICAL REALISM IN PAUL, HEBREWS AND JOHN." Journal of Theological Studies 41, no. 2 (1990): 423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jts/41.2.423.
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Deviatko, Ivan V. "Mind-Body Dualism and Asymmetry of Standards of Evidence." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 62, no. 2 (2025): 125–43. https://doi.org/10.5840/eps202562226.
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This paper provides reflection how contemporary analytic philosophy of mind applies justification criteria differently to dualism and physicalism. It shows that arguments in favor of dualism often face increased demands for standards of evidence, while the physicalist position is often treated more leniently. Paper shows that such a gap in standards is not necessarily a mistake, but it does imply implicit metaphysical assumptions in favor of physicalism. The article emphasizes that dualism can be considered a serious rival theory in explaining the nature of consciousness, provided that the justification criteria are applied more equally and the ontological costs of both approaches are taken into account.
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Kharchenko, Julia. "PRINCIPLES OF INTERACTION IN THE TOPOLOGY OF ANTINOMIES (ONTOLOGICAL DECONSTRUCTION OF THE SOCIAL MATRIX)." Proceedings of the National Aviation University Series Philosophy Cultural 39, no. 1 (2024): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2412-2157.39.18427.
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The phenomenon of interaction: describes the configuration of the social matrix in its dynamics; fixes the continuous variability of reality; actualizes the need to maintain balance in nature, as well as to preserve the harmonious dualism of human bodily and spiritual constructs. Interaction is defined as an antinomic opposition, which can be considered in terms of symmetry and asymmetry. The phenomenon of interaction is considered in the philosophical-methodological, ontological and metaphysical aspects of deconstruction when analyzing the antinomian characteristics of interaction.
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Czabanowska-Wróbel, Anna. "Poetry and Existence: The Kingfishers of Adam Zagajewski and Gerard Manley Hopkins." Konteksty Kultury 20, no. 1 (2023): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23531991kk.23.006.17909.
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The article presents an interpretation of Adam Zagajewski’s poem “The Kingfisher” from the 2014 volume Asymmetry in the context of Gerard Manley Hopkins’s [“As kingfishers catch fire, dragonflies draw flame”], whose initial words, cited in English, were used as the motto. The article reviews the motif of the kingfisher in poetry and culture. The possible readings of the poem also relate to the symbolism of colours and fire, through which its ontological and metapoetic senses are revealed.
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Catani, Lorenzo, and Matthew Leifer. "A mathematical framework for operational fine tunings." Quantum 7 (March 16, 2023): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-03-16-948.
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In the framework of ontological models, the inherently nonclassical features of quantum theory always seem to involve properties that are fine tuned, i.e. properties that hold at the operational level but break at the ontological level. Their appearance at the operational level is due to unexplained special choices of the ontological parameters, which is what we mean by a fine tuning. Famous examples of such features are contextuality and nonlocality. In this article, we develop a theory-independent mathematical framework for characterizing operational fine tunings. These are distinct from causal fine tunings – already introduced by Wood and Spekkens in [NJP,17 033002(2015)] – as the definition of an operational fine tuning does not involve any assumptions about the underlying causal structure. We show how known examples of operational fine tunings, such as Spekkens&apos; generalized contextuality, violation of parameter independence in Bell experiment, and ontological time asymmetry, fit into our framework. We discuss the possibility of finding new fine tunings and we use the framework to shed new light on the relation between nonlocality and generalized contextuality. Although nonlocality has often been argued to be a form of contextuality, this is only true when nonlocality consists of a violation of parameter independence. We formulate our framework also in the language of category theory using the concept of functors.
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Jang, Sunhee. "Relational Aesthetics in the Age of Climate Change: The Third Jeju Biennale(2022) and the Representation of Object-Oriented Ontology." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 45, no. 3 (2023): 751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2023.03.45.03.751.
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This research aims to discuss how the third Jeju Biennale entitled “Flowing Moon, Embracing Land” represented “climate change” and the “object-oriented thought.” Examining Timothy Morton’s theory and the strategies of biennale together, this research focuses on the way in which the biennale combined “object-oriented ontology” with “Eastern philosophy” and a “mythic world.” Morton coined the term “hyperobjects,” which are so massively distributed in our time and space like global warming or the Covid-19 pandemic. He defined the present that we observe such hyperobjects as the “age of asymmetry” and discussed today’s artistic features with Hegelian aesthetics. Particularly Morton’s discussion of animism provides us with a fresh perspective to the ontological equality between humans and non-humans, as well as contemporary art. As a result, this research demonstrates how the biennale represented the gradual and diverse approaches to the ontological equality of life and non-life, from animals and plants to things.
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Makarychev, Andrey. "Semiotic games and domestic geopolitics: Estonian Russophones during the war in Ukraine." Journal of Regional Security, no. 00 (2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jrs18-41781.
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Analogical reasoning is a discursive strategy often used by decisionand policymakers, think tankers, academics, and cultural producers to either justify actions or learn lessons from references to events in the past. This comparative essay conceptualizes the drastic distinction between the functioning of analogical reasoning in Russian and Ukrainian discourses during the current war. The author argues that the asymmetry between the two modes of analogical reasoning is glaring when it comes not only to the interpretation of history, but also to the drastically dissimilar emotional modalities, understandings of ontological security and rationality, justice and many other concepts shaping Ukraine's and Russia's international agency.
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Gourinat, Jean-Baptiste. "The Ontology and Syntax of Stoic Causes and Effects." Rhizomata 6, no. 1 (2018): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rhiz-2018-0005.
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Abstract The ontology of Stoic causes and effects was clearly anti-platonic, since the Stoics did not want to admit that any incorporeal entity could have an effect. However, by asserting that any cause was the cause of an incorporeal effect, they returned to Plato’s syntax of causes in the Sophist, whose doctrine of the asymmetry of nouns and verbs identified names with the agents and verbs with the actions. The ontological asymmetry of causes and effects blocked the multiplication of causes by reducing it to an efficient cause. However, while ontology and syntax merged into the doctrine of the effect as an incorporeal predicate, this was further complicated by a relational description of a cause as the effect of a body on a body and by the distinction of causes. Since there are different kinds of causes, not every kind of cause has the same syntactical role in the nexus of causal relations. This refinement of the original syntactical model presumably allowed the Stoics to give a more coherent view of human action than is usually assumed.
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Lacour, Philippe. "Adolf Grünbaum critique de Ricoeur." Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies 7, no. 1 (2016): 120–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/errs.2016.341.
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In this article, I try to reconstitute the inchoative debate that took place between Ricœur and Grünbaum concerning the epistemology of Freudian psychoanalysis. The debate was more inchoative than effective because of its asymmetry (Grünbaum read and analyzed Ricœur, but the converse is far from certain). First, I will underline the originality of Ricœur’s theory of motivation (as a mix of reason and cause) and causality (teleological). Then, I will examine the rest of Grünbaum’s objections: the overvaluation of clinical relationship and language, the ontological specificity of psychical reality, the narrative originality of the psychoanalytical explanation and the status of symbol. I finally conclude by underlining the added value of the debate concerning the specificity o
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Honderich, Ted. "Causation: Rejoinder to Sanford." Philosophy 62, no. 239 (1987): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100038602.
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The door's being shut caused the room to be wanner. As we can also say, a set of conditions or events which included the door's being shut caused the room to be warmer. The set of conditions or events. whatever is to be said more carefully of their ontological category, and their closer specification, can be called a causal chrwnslance. The question of causal priority, as it is named, is the question of analysing or elucidating the difference or asymmetry between cause and causal circumstance on the one hand, and, on the other hand, their effect. David Sanford does not like my answer1 and sticks to his own more original one2. I should like to say briefly why
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Stanar, Dragan. "Moral injury in war: Why “just warriors” suffer and what it reveals." Theoria, Beograd 68, no. 2 (2025): 111–23. https://doi.org/10.2298/theo2502111s.
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In this paper author explores the concept of moral injury in war and, more specifically, its implications on ethics of war and Just War Theory (JWT). The author examines the occurrence of moral injury in combatants who kill according to the in Bello rules while fighting for the ?just? side, revealing that perception of deep moral transgression happens despite legal and ethical justification provided by JWT. Drawing on empirical studies and JWT literature, author critiques JWT revisionism and its assumption of moral asymmetry between combatants. Author argues that the ontological nature of war, which alters the peacetime meaning of notions, renders all combatants morally equal and equally capable of suffering moral injury. Ultimately, the paper contends that the suffering of ?just warriors? exposes the limitations of JWT revisionism and reaffirms the moral equality of combatants and moral tragedy inherent in armed conflict.
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Zamora Corona, Alonso. "Coyote drums and jaguar altars: Ontologies of the living and the artificial among the K’iche’ Maya." Journal of Material Culture 25, no. 3 (2020): 324–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183520907937.
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For the current-day K’iche’ Maya of the Highland community of Momostenango, Guatemala, animals are conceived as having not human, but artificial souls: they are, in fact, objects that exist in the mountain dwellings of their gods. Conversely, artefacts like sacred altars are seen as being wild animals of the gods and ancestors, which can bring illness and death to people when not fed by ritual offerings. Based on this and other data that the author gathered during his recent ethnographic fieldwork among the K’iche’, in this article he explores the ontological paradoxes of living beings and artefacts among current-day Maya and other Mesoamerican peoples of the past to propose a version of perspectivism that incorporates the ideas of technology, asymmetry and material culture to the more horizontal and personhood-based model proposed for Amazon cultures by Viveiros de Castro in his article, ‘Cosmological deixis and Amerindian perspectivism’ (1998).
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Remenyi, Matthias. "More than a Person." European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 12, no. 1 (2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.v12i1.3047.
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The question whether God should be thought of as personal or a-personal is closely linked to the issue of an appropriate model of God-world relation on the one hand and the question how to conceive divine action on the other hand. Starting with a discussion of the scientific character of theology, this article critically examines the univocal-personal concept of God. Traditional Christian conceptions of God have, however, always acknowledged a radical asymmetry between the personal existence of created beings and the ground of being itself. In a second step, the ontological truth claim associated with this way of speaking about God is being related to its methodological consequences. In final step, attention is given to the relation of immanence and transcendence as it is defended in different versions of panentheism: As an alternative to divine interventionism, panentheism can be shown to explicate divine providence as formal and final causation.
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KUMYSHEVA, L. Ch, and Z. A. KUCHUKOVA. "WOMEN-DZHIGITS OR GENDER DIMENSION OF FAUSAT BALKAROVA’S POETRY." Kavkazologiya, no. 1 (2021): 208–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2021-1-208-227.
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On the basis of lyric and epic works, the authors of the article investigate the specific features of the gender picture of the world of the classic of Kabardian literature Fousat Balkarova. The structuring of the holistic material into 5 interrelated sections allows the authors to consistently, close-up consider the thematic, personal, linguistic, chronological and conflict-prone aspects of the poetess' ethnogender consciousness. The historically conditioned process of transformation of social constructs «masculine» and «feminine» of the Adyghe patriarchal society under the pressure of factors of civilization and modernization is shown. The analysis made it possible to reveal in the poetry of F. Balkarova and identify the ontological metacode «woman-dzhigit», marking the dominance of masculine traits in the image of a new, self-sufficient woman of the post-war years. The article also examines a complex of issues related to the accelerated pace of life, the «double repertoire» of women, gender asymmetry, the conflict of two generations, artistic ethnography.
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Coen, Cosimo Nicolini. "La métaphore de la « courbure de l’espace »." Symposium 29, no. 1 (2025): 144–67. https://doi.org/10.5840/symposium20252919.
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Beginning with Levinas’s metaphor of the curvature of space found in Totality and Infinity and following with passages in Otherwise Than Being, this article argues for the asymmetry of ethical obligation as the constitutive event of our experience of spatiality. At the same time, I will point out, the juridical obligation appears as a form of delimitation pivotal to the shaping of geometrical spatiality—i.e., of ontological symmetry. Subsequently, I propose to deepen the status of law through its metaphorical representation as a city or a refuge: a place to build the justice of the institutions, but where one may be tempted to find refuge from ethical exposition. Finally, by tackling the task of keeping open a passage between the dit and the dire, I shall inquire into the possibility—including by referring to Jewish hermeneutics—of a liminal experience that may prevent the limit of the law from closing in on itself, degenerating into totality.
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Anton, Audrey L. "Respecting One's Elders: In Search of an Ontological Explanation for the Asymmetry Between the Proper Treatment of Dependent Adults and Children." Philosophical Papers 41, no. 3 (2012): 397–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05568641.2012.743215.
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Wong, Pak Nung. "Articulating the Inarticulate from the Margins of the State: A Post-Orientalist Alternative." Philippine Political Science Journal 30, no. 1 (2009): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2165025x-03001002.
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The purpose of this essay is to elaborate on the theory and practice of the discursive analytical approach. In response to the epistemological and ontological challenges raised by the PPSJ 2002 forum on Orientalism and Philippine political studies, the discursive analytical approach aims to address power asymmetry in modern knowledge production, between the representing and represented. By examining the theories and practices of representation in positivism, interpretivism, structuralism and postmodernism, this essay argues for a post-Orientalist theory and practice which investigates claims of power/knowledge of state subjects. Drawing from selected fieldwork snapshots in the Cagayan Valley, a discursive analytical approach attempts to articulate the inarticulate as, in Gramsci’s term, intellectuals. It aims to encourage continuous dialogue between the representing and represented. By seeing every individual as an agent of social change, it aims to encourage collaborative engagement, which renders the future of the Philippine state open to change. By continuously engaging with the state subjects serendipitously, the researcher may also serve as a venue for diverse actors to address their concerns of the Philippine state.
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Golovko, N. V. "Natural Historical Attitude: Objectivity Before Truth Book Review: Turner D. Making Prehistory: Historical Science and the Scientific Realism Debate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 20, no. 4 (2023): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-127-140.
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Derek Turner believes that a proper interpretation of Arthur Fine’s natural ontological attitude can help to reveal the nature of the difference between «historical» (geology, archeology, forensics) and «empirical» (physics, chemistry) sciences. From his point of view, the apparent asymmetry between these sciences is a consequence of different understanding of the possibilities to «manipulate» the objects of study and the role played by background theories. In our opinion, Turner’s concept is a good example of how profound and inviting the instrumentalistic concept of science could be. First, it is «reflexive» in the sense that it constrained other instrumentalist theories (B. Fraassen’s constructive empiricism deeply flawed). And secondly, it is «constructive» – the emphasis that «the strength of arguments for or against scientific realism can vary depending on the scientific context» quite unexpectedly leads to the fact that «ideographic / nomothetic division is not very helpful», and to the fact that «epistemic disadvantage, but the same epistemic status». Reflections on the book: Turner D. Making Prehistory: Historical Science and the Scientific Realism Debate. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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Clementi, F. K. "Between Jew and Nature: Tracing Jewish Ethics in the Ecological Imagination of Bernard Malamud’s Dubin’s Lives." Studies in American Jewish Literature (1981-) 38, no. 1 (2019): 47–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/studamerjewilite.38.1.0047.
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ABSTRACT The idea that Jews are “ecophobes” is a favorite shtick of American comedy. But does it reflect the truth? This article offers an alternative reading of the Jewish cultural production in twentieth-century American literature that goes beyond the stereotypical image of the “unnatural Jew.” Principally focused on Bernard Malamud’s novel Dubin’s Lives, this article frames Malamud’s work within the context of post-war environmental thought, American Jewish literature, and Jewish environment ethics. I hope to provide an alternative vision of modern American Jewish imagination and its relation to the nonhuman environment. I argue that this relation takes shape in Jewish culture due in part to its historical context: a context marked by Diaspora and assimilation. I enlist Emmanuel Lévinas’s ethics of asymmetry and Hans Jonas’s ontological ethics to show how Judaism and Jewish philosophy can be an ally in the creation or expansion of contemporary environmental ethics. Textual or performative Jews, to whom American literature and humor have accustomed us, are finally “two with Nature” (as Woody Allen says) not because they are Jewish but, perhaps, because they are not “Jewish” enough.
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Gorostidi-García, Maider, Arantxa Rodríguez-Berrio, and Iratxe Aristegui-Fradua. "Dissensus as part of dialogue in organizational change processes: a case study in an NGO." IJAR – International Journal of Action Research 19, no. 2 (2023): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/ijar.v19i2.04.
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In this article we discuss, from the experience of action research on organizational change in an NGO, how interpreting the concept of dialogue in organizational theory has impacted the way in which it has been understood and applied in the processes of change that organizations experience. The ontological relationship that has been established between dialogue and organizational change and the interpretative frameworks used, although they have represented a great epistemological and practical breakthrough, have also limited the potential of the concept of dialogue itself by oversimplifying it. The reflective analysis allowed by action research on the case leads us to propose dissensus as an alternative: recognizing dissensus as natural in the organizational context and as an engine of real change. Understanding dialogue only as a search for consensus leads people to hide differences and not properly manage them in the process of change, because talking about organization is talking about relational and communicative patterns that highlight the influence of power, internal asymmetry and diversity in the processes of change. This complexity demands a new look on know how to read it and understand it properly without oversimplifying it.
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Katz, Emily. "Ontological Separation in Aristotle’s Metaphysics." Phronesis 62, no. 1 (2017): 26–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685284-12341318.
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Ontological separation plays a key role in Aristotle’s metaphysical project: substances alone are ontologically χωριστόν. The standard view identifies Aristotelian ontological separation with ontological independence, so that ontological separation is a non-symmetric relation. I argue that there is strong textual evidence that Aristotle employs an asymmetric notion of separation in theMetaphysics—one that involves the dependence of other entities on the independent entity. I argue that this notion allows Aristotle to prevent the proliferation of substance-kinds and thus to secure the unity of his metaphysical system.
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Nuñez Erices, Gonzalo. "Boundaries and Things. A Metaphysical Study of the Brentano-Chisholm Theory." KRITERION – Journal of Philosophy 33, no. 2 (2019): 15–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/krt-2019-330203.
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Abstract The fact that boundaries are ontologically dependent entities is agreed by Franz Brentano and Roderick Chisholm. This article studies both authors as a single metaphysical account about boundaries. The Brentano-Chisholm theory understands that boundaries and the objects to which they belong hold a mutual relationship of ontological dependence: the existence of a boundary depends upon a continuum of higher spatial dimensionality, but also is a conditio sine qua non for the existence of a continuum. Although the view that ordinary material objects and their boundaries (or surfaces) ontologically depend on each other is correct, it does not grasp their asymmetric relationship: while the existence of a surface rigidly depends upon the existence of the very object it belongs to, the existence of a physical object generically depends upon having some surface. In modal terms, both are two kinds of de re ontological dependence that this article tries to distinguish.
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Neupane, Ravindra. "Humans and Animals’ Relationship in Karen Joy Fowler’s We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves." Baneshwor Campus Journal of Academia 2, no. 1 (2023): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bcja.v2i1.55760.
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This article has explored on the relationships between humans and nonhuman creatures which has long been a predominant dichotomous conceptualization. Especially it has analyzed Karen Joy Fowler’s book We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves which focuses on the relationship between humans and animals. The book also makes readers think about the interspecies relationship’s ethics and epistemologies as a part of ecopoetics. The present debate over animal rights and the condemnation of speciesism, which accords human creatures’ epistemic and ontological privilege, are central issues in critical and cultural animal studies.
 The dichotomous view of human-animal relationships holds that there is a categorical border between humans - who are perceived as moral subjects with personal rights and whose internal life is psychologically accessible - and animals, some of which can be considered as companions but always have a lower (or no) status in terms of legal and cultural status and whose minds are inaccessible. To investigate human and animal relations, I have formulated three steps throughout the paper. I have started by discussing recent theories that examine the bond between us and monkeys. Then I have discussed how Kellogg's experiment serves as a significant backdrop to Fowler's book.
 Finally, I have addressed the novel’s contribution to current critical discussions about human-animal interactions and animal rights, as well as the major plot of the book, which develops when the protagonist learns her own role in the ecopoetics of her chimpanzee sister Fern. The paper has investigated ecopoetics that emphasizes the move from interspecies companionship and togetherness to human superiority and instrumental asymmetry, focusing on the intricate human-animal relationships which recount an environment that causes (non-)human trauma and loss.
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Pimenova, Marina Vas. "Semantic Syncretism as a Regulator of Dynamic Stability in the Lexical System of a Language." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije 23, no. 6 (2024): 109–24. https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2024.6.8.
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The article aims to describe the peculiarities of historical evolution in the lexical-and-semantic system of the Russian language stipulated by the development of the phenomenon of syncretism – formal substantive linguistic asymmetry, which is noted to be insufficiently studied. The linguistic nature of a special lexical-andsemantic category (syncretsemia) reflecting the "insoluble" semantic syncretism is demonstrated. Doubt is expressed in the correctness of the "straightforward" model of semantic evolution presented by language historians as an axiom. It is argued that syncretism predetermines the development of lexical meaning in a "spiralwise" direction: syncretism – its transformation/fragmentation – syncretism at a new level of language development. The author characterizes some major stages in the process of syncretic meaning modification. They occur simultaneously with the shifts in particular phases in the development of thinking. It is noted that in the most ancient period the original semantic syncretism was "compressed" to a flat state in the meaning of the etymon (syncretic word), indivisibly indicating a number of concepts. The transformation of semantic syncretism through the narrowing-concretization of the syncretic meaning is presented simultaneously with the expansion of its lexical expression with the help of minimal units of the Old Russian text (syncretemes) based on metonymy. The paper introduces the examples of original syncretism fragmentation through the intensive formation of derivatives from the invariant etymon and the gradual assigning them some components of the originally syncretic meaning. The cases of "stretching" the original syncretic syncretemes are considered. New types of semantic syncretism are shown to arise at the new level of language development. Furthermore, a modern transformation of syncretic units is observed. Syncretism is proved to be a fundamental ontological condition for the evolutionary stability in the lexical system of a language.
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Powell, Taylor, Cameron Robicheaux, Rhian Germany, and Gauri Mankekar. "Dilemmas in Diagnosis and Management of Temporal Bone Fractures and Their Sequelae." Therapeutics 1, no. 2 (2024): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/therapeutics1020007.
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Objective(s): The objective of this study was to report our experience with a series of patients with temporal bone fractures from 2019 to 2023 and to evaluate the dilemmas in diagnosing the extent of their ontological injuries through a narrative review of the literature focusing on the classifications of temporal bone fractures. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from the electronic medical records of patients who presented to the emergency department and were diagnosed with temporal bone fractures using computed tomograms of the head and temporal bone between September 2019 and March 2023. A total of 117 patients were included in the study. Demographic data, fracture classification, mechanism of injury, and presence and/or repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, facial nerve injury (both immediate and delayed), and hearing loss (both immediate and delayed) were also recorded. Results: In total, 49.5% of our cohort were between the ages of 19 and 39, and the majority (66%) were males. The primary cause of the trauma was falls in 41% of patients, followed by motor vehicle accidents (29%), and 70% had a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) between 13 and 15 at presentation. In total, 92.3% of temporal bone fractures did not involve the otic capsule, and 79.3% were longitudinal fractures. In total, 89% of the CSF leaks were seen in patients with longitudinal fractures. Similarly, 70% of facial nerve deficits were seen in patients with longitudinal and otic capsule-sparing fractures. Conclusion: Diagnosis of facial asymmetry and hearing loss in patients with TBFs can be challenging in acute care settings but was less challenging in our cohort due to patients presenting with good GCSs. Dilemmas in clinical evaluation in the acute care setting are due to poor GCSs, heterogeneity of documentation of injuries, and classification of TBFs. Implementation of universal protocols with homogeneity in the documentation and classification of temporal bone fractures may help improve patient care and prediction of outcomes.
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Elena, Seredkina. "Philosophical Foundations of Applied Anthropomorphism In Social Robotics." Technologos, no. 4 (2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2020.4.05.
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This article is devoted to the philosophical foundations of anthropomorphism in the context of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), a new interdisciplinary field of research. On the basis of modern scientific works, a positive concept of anthropomorphism as a cognitive mechanism ensuring human adaptation to a complex external environment is formulated. The theoretical principles of applied anthropomorphism (AA) are being developed to identify the conditions for activating anthropomorphic projections in a user during an HRI act. There are two key factors in the structure of AA: appearance and autonomous behaviour. Asymmetry principle is formulated: behavioral realism is more important than highly anthropomorphic appearance. The principle of coherence is formulated: the necessity of synchronisation of the appearance and the robot's behaviour, that is, the level of development of behavioral patterns of the robotic system determines the degree of its anthropomorphism. Various forms of anthropomorphism are distinguished. These differences can be described in terms of involvement in cognitive activity. Anthropomorphism as passive ascription and simple projection receives negative assessment in social robotics, while anthropomorphism, which is deduced from autonomous robots behaviour or initiated by them, is assessed positively. The epistemological foundations of the robotic revolution of the late 80s-early 90s of the XX century are analysed; the methodology of "behavior-based robotics" is examined thoroughly. The behavioral approach in robotics is based on the concept of weak artificial intelligence, within which computational operations and functions of a machine represent concatenation of processes and can lead to the illusion of intelligence in a robot, primarily due to projective intelligence from a human-observer side. These questions are analysed in the context of modern philosophical theories, such as second-order cybernetics, autopoiesis. Anthropomorphism as active ascription of cognitive or emotional states to the robot from the observer side in order to rationalise the behaviour of the object is correlated with D. Dennett's intentional stance. At the end of the article, the phenomenon of attribution of human characteristics to non-human entities in Eastern religious cults is studied. The question of the ontological status of gods and robots is raised.
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Jamal, Amal. "Ontological Counter-securitization in Asymmetric Power Relations: Lessons from Israel." International Studies Review 22, no. 4 (2019): 932–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isr/viz057.
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Abstract This article seeks to enhance the understanding of ontological counter-securitization and the constitution of securitized subjects in the context of asymmetrical power relations. It builds on the available critique of the conceptualization of counter-securitization and the differentiation between physical and ontological securitization in order to facilitate a better understanding of the identity formation of securitized subjects as resistance. It argues that whereas the current literature deals with the differentiation between physical and ontological dimensions of securitization and recently with the meaning of counter-securitization, nonetheless the treatment of the later as a resistance is limited. It remains in the realm of the physical dimensions of securitization, rendering ontological ones unaddressed. The article argues that ontological counter-securitization emerges as an analytical category when the mismatch between the physical and ontological securitization policies is utilized as a structural opportunity for resisting asymmetrical power relations. The article exemplifies its theoretical arguments through exploring the complicated securitization policies of Israel toward its Palestinian citizens and the resistance of the latter to such policies. It argues that despite the fact that the Israeli physical and ontological securitization of its Palestinian citizens have not matched, they have been constructed as complementary and therefore have not been morally justifiable. This lack of moral justifiability has had repercussions on the legitimacy of the securitization policy, leading to the rise of the securitized subject as a securitizing agency that is able to practice counter-securitization. Since the power relations between the state and its Palestinian citizens has been asymmetrical, the latter limited their counter-securitization to the ontological dimension, manifested through politicizing their indigenous identity. The conceptualization of politicizing indigeneity as an ontological counter-securitization strategy of resistance has not been addressed in the available literature on securitization theory. Thus, exploring its analytical merits is a central goal of this article.
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Berdaus, Svetlana V. "Moderate Foundationalism in Husserl's Phenomenology." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 472 (2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/472/2.
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The article deals with the problem of knowledge justification in Husserl's phenomenology. The author of the article shows that, in the matter of justification of knowledge, Husserl's phenomenology does not fully meet the requirements of either foundationalism or coherentism. The fundamentalist way of reasoning assumes the presence of basic beliefs, from which all inference beliefs are derived. One of the most paradigmatic examples of foundationalism is the Cartesian “cogito ergo sum”, and it is this kind of justification that is present in phenomenology. However, the Cartesian method of justification is accepted by Husserl in a truncated form: the ego is the source of apodictic evidence, but it cannot guarantee the adequacy of subsequent conclusions. In this regard, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that Husserl is a moderate foundationalist in the matter of knowledge justification. In search of an explanatory principle for such a position, a hypothesis is expressed about the asymmetry between epistemological and ontological approaches to the interpretation of the ego's experience in Husserl's phenomenology. A non-epistemic understanding of the ego's experience presupposes the recognition of the obviousness of the existence of the ego as a thinking instance, while an epistemic understanding concerns all peripheral superstructures of the ego, which, in fact, are inferential knowledge from the basic belief given by the formulation cogito ergo sum. The presence of these restrictions forced Dagfinn Follesdahl to qualify Husserl's phenomenology as a kind of coherentism. The author of the article objects to this, believing that phenomenology cannot be considered either as a form of coherentism or as a form of (strong) foundationalism. Based on William Alston's thesis on the combination of epistemic and non-epistemic beliefs in a rethought type of foundationalism and on the works of LLaurence BonJour, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that Husserl's phenomenology should be understood as moderate foundationalism. The specificity of phenomenology -its appeal to the experience of the transcendental ego - leads to the fact that the pre-predicative structures of consciousness become the criterion of validity as such. Thus, moderate foundationalism in phenomenology boils down to the fact that Husserl recognized the undoubted evidence of the non-epistemic experience of the ego experience and, on the other hand, saw the possibility of correcting epistemic beliefs that do not affect the fundamental nature of the non-derivative basis.
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Petrošius, Pijus Domantas. "JAV dėmesys kaip Lietuvos ontologinio saugumo šaltinis: Kinijos atžvilgiu vykdomos vertybinės užsienio politikos analizė." Politologija 117, no. 1 (2025): 123–83. https://doi.org/10.15388/polit.2025.117.4.
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Why did Lithuania, as a small state and in a clearly asymmetric power relationship, decide to pursue a values-based foreign policy towards a great power China? The research suggests that Lithuania’s status as a “good friend of Americans” provides ontological security to decision makers, reinforcing its position in the Western social hierarchy. The research follows the methodological principles of modern constructivist research, utilising discourse analysis and process tracing. The discourse analysis highlights the significance of the status category “good friend of Americans” in the Lithuanian biographical narrative. This is followed by testing a causal mechanism of ontological insecurity constructed from ontological security and social identity theories in the case of 2020–2022. The study contributes to the literature on small states’ behaviour by delving into status-seeking routines to which small states may attach themselves. It also provides new insights into the interaction between small states and great powers.
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Nazarov, S. P. "THE SPECIFICITY OF CONFLICT ASYMMETRIES IN VIRTUAL SPACE." Review of Omsk State Pedagogical University. Humanitarian research, no. 37 (2022): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36809/2309-9380-2022-37-38-42.
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The article examines the meaning of virtual space and its ontological role in the interpretative representations of asymmetric armed conflict. The analysis of key asymmetries is carried out in conditions when one of the fundamental layers of being is the virtual space and the interpretations of reality presented by it.
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Donev, Georgi. "Metaphysical Thinking as Transcendence." Filosofiya-Philosophy 31, no. 4 (2022): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/phil2022-04-01.
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The article aims to substantiate the genesis of consciousness and self-consciousness through metaphysical thinking. Metaphysical thinking is explicated as a transcendence that a priori determines every possible object of consciousness. In this sense, metaphysical thinking determines a priori the unity of existence. Existence is explicated as a unity of the interpretive models of consciousness. Thus, metaphysical thinking is seen as a function of the transcendent unity that is the a priori truth of the consciousness’ genesis. The logical relation between metaphysical thinking and consciousness is expressed by asymmetric implication. In this way, existence in the language of consciousness is phenomenologized. Thus arises the ontological understanding of existence. In this sense, metaphysical thinking determines the transcendental form of consciousness and the ontological form of existence.
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Antonovskiy, Alexander Yu, and Raisa Ed Barash. "How social ontology is possible from the point of view of epistemology and philosophy of language?" RUDN Journal of Philosophy 26, no. 3 (2022): 607–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2022-26-3-607-622.
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The article critically examines the project of Brian Epstein's social ontology. The authors propose to interpret a social fact as derived from the appropriate perspective of an observer carrying out a structural reconstruction of a social phenomenon and identify difficulties in the way of analyzing social facts as structurally independent of causally determining factors. The article shows that the determination and foundation of social facts cannot be understood as asymmetric, substantiates the symmetrical nature of the relationship between the determinable complex fact and the ontological foundations that determine them, and suggests that the judgments describing them are equivalent, and also proves the need to involve philosophical and scientific methodology, the resources of the philosophy of language and epistemology to address the issue of the validity of projects “ontological fixation”, which the authors of the article propose to consider as a scientific classification. Understanding the ontology of the social is possible only when going beyond its limits, and any classifications can be idiosyncrasies of individual classifiers or observers, scientifically unequal and requiring epistemological evaluation. The authors note that epistemology allows us to judge the necessity or, on the contrary, artificiality of classification, and the question of the ontological basis of a social fact should be solved by analogy. Accordingly, the search for such ontological foundations is not possible without prior resolution of the epistemological problem: which classifications (fixations) of “natural” or “social species” are structurally necessary (in the sense that their macro-properties properties stem from the internal structure), and which are arbitrarily constructed by the observer, based on his idiosyncrasy or local-historical, cultural or ideological position.
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Taddei, Renzo, and Ana Laura Gamboggi. "Education, anthropology, ontologies." Educação e Pesquisa 42, no. 1 (2015): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-9702201506134264.
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The goal of this paper is to analyze the relation between anthropology and education, and the relation of both with the experience of life, in a context of debates in which epistemological concerns have gradually been substituted by a reflection on the ontological dimension of existence. Starting with a discussion on the asymmetric historical relation between anthropology and education, in what concerns the analysis of sociocultural dimensions of learning, we propose the inversion of terms of the expression anthropology of education, and then discuss the paradoxes that characterize the relation between the professional education of the anthropologist, identified as an epistemological exercise, and the ontological dimension of the ethnographic experience. From this discussion, the question of the body of the ethnographer emerges as something absent in mainstream ethnographic production, which is identified as an index of the presence of one of the structuring dichotomies of Western epistemology: the separation of mind and body. The works of authors associated to the so-called ontological turn in social sciences are brought to the discussion, and from the analysis of some of their main contributions, new points of contact between education and anthropology, on more symmetric grounds, emerge. From these, it is of special interest the one that focuses on happiness and the plenitude of becomings, which, albeit an unprecedented theme in anthropology, has been part of the pedagogical debates of the last four decades.
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Wahyudi, Yashinta Nur, Wijayadi -, and Armeria Wijaya. "The Use of Metaphors in Malcolm X Speech Entitled the Black Revolution." IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 10, no. 1 (2022): 509–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v10i1.2730.
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AbstractThis study analyzes the metaphor in Malcolm X's speech entitled The Black Revolution. The method used is qualitative descriptive method using the theory of Lakoff and Johnson (2003) and strengthened by the theory of Saeed (2005) in describing the characteristics contained in the metaphor. This analysis aims to identify the metaphors contained in Malcolm X's speech. The Black Revolution explains how oppression and injustice have been accepted by the black community in America over the years. The results of the research are Structural, Orientation, and Ontological metaphors. The most dominant metaphor used in speech is structural metaphor. Then there are the characteristics of Conventional, Systematic, Asymmetric, and Abstraction. The most dominant characteristic in speech is the systematic one.
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Zhou, Benhong, and Shuwen Guan. "Ethical and Psychological Challenges in Human-AI Romantic Relationships: An Interdisciplinary Critical Study." Innovative Applications of AI 2, no. 1 (2025): 39–45. https://doi.org/10.70695/iaai202501a8.
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This study explores the ethical and psychological challenges posed by romantic relationships between humans and artificial intelligence (AI), particularly focusing on how the technological evolution of AI companions deconstructs traditional interpersonal paradigms through novel forms of intimacy. On the ontological level, the ethical identity of AI companions introduces a paradox of subjectivity, questioning whether an instrumental existence can bear emotional responsibility. From a psychodynamic perspective, the applicability of Bowlby's attachment theory in asymmetric relationships is debatable, while the phenomenon of cognitive dissonance exhibits bidirectional effects in user-AI interactions. Users engage in self-deception to avoid genuine emotions in parasocial relationships, whereas designers face ethical dilemmas in emotional engineering. Based on these insights, this paper proposes a hierarchical governance model based on relationship depth and innovative approaches to user cognitive education.
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Temirshina, Olesya R. "“Indirect Speech of the Non-material”: Hieroglyph and Symbol in the Philosophical and Aesthetic Works of J. Druskin." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 70 (2023): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2023-70-173-188.
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The paper discusses the reconstruction of Druskin's ideas about hieroglyph as a sign of special ontological category with a projection on the philosophical and religious category of the symbol developed in the philosophy of A. F. Losev and P. Florensky. A comparison of a symbol and a hieroglyph showed the dependence of the organization of their semantics on ontology. Thus, the work proves that both the symbol and the hieroglyph, being derivatives of Christological concepts, are similar in structural and functional aspects. At the structural level, symbol and hieroglyph, removing the opposition between spiritual and the material, establish relations of asymmetric identity; at the functional level, symbol and hieroglyph allow to directly embody the logic of another being in one or another material substratum. The paper argues that the concept of Druskin's hieroglyph should be considered in terms of the concept of unilateral synthetic identity, which goes back to the Christian idea of the impossible alloy and inseparability. In this context, Druskin's hieroglyph models the Logos, associated not with the ontology of the incarnation of the spirit in matter, but with the actualization of spiritual meanings in the material of a work of art. Thus, the study showed that the hieroglyph, on the one hand, is part of Druskin's semiotic-ontological universe, and on the other hand, turns out to be a phenomenon structurally and functionally related to the symbol in its philosophical and religious interpretation.
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Champagne, Marc. "A less simplistic metaphysics: Peirce’s layered theory of meaning as a layered theory of being." Sign Systems Studies 43, no. 4 (2015): 523–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2015.43.4.10.
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This article builds on C. S. Peirce’s suggestive blueprint for an inclusive outlook that grants reality to his three categories. Moving away from the usual focus on (contentious) cosmological forces, I use a modal principle to partition various ontological layers: regular sign-action (like coded language) subsumes actual signaction (like here-and-now events) which in turn subsumes possible sign-action (like qualities related to whatever would be similar to them). Once we realize that the triadic sign’s components are each answerable to this asymmetric subsumption, we obtain the means to track at which level of complexity semiosis finds itself, in a given case. Since the bulk of such a “trinitarian” metaphysics would be devoted to countenancing uninterpreted phenomena, I argue that current misgivings about sign-based ontologies are largely misplaced.Includes: Comment. Semiotics is not metaphysics by Jean-Marie Chevalier (pp. 553–559).
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N.V., Grigorova. "PHILOSOPHICAL DIALOGUE AND ITS LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATION: GERMAN AND UKRAINIAN TRADITIONS." Вісник ХНПУ імені Г. С. Сковороди "Філософія", no. 51 (January 22, 2019): 33–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2546371.
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<em>The article is devoted to the philosophical dialogue regarding as a singular form of</em> <em>the philosophical communication. The ontological dimension of the philosophical dialogue is</em> <em>explicated and typology of its forms is examined. The connection between the dialogical form</em> <em>and linguistic expression in philosophical communication depends on type of the culture,</em> <em>national traditions. In the early Modernity the philosophical dialogue shows the kind of the</em> <em>asymmetric communication with the domination of the mentor style of the verbal expression</em> <em>in accordance with it. The questions from the pupil are usually primitive. The answer in</em> <em>opposite to them shows the best examples of the philosophical rhetoric and argumentation.</em> <em>The change of this role reality occurs in the later Modernity with the establishment of</em> <em>symmetric communication and cultivated verbal expression.</em>
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Doronina, Svetlana. "Studying the phenomenon of childhood philosophically: problems and prospects." Socium i vlast 1 (2021): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1996-0522-2021-1-127-137.
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Introduction. The author analyzes the problems and prospects of studying the phenomenon of childhood, justifies the specific features and advantages of philosophical approaches, makes an attempt to explicate the optimal methods and strategies of scientific inquiry, correlating with epistemological, ontological, axiological goals and assumptions of the modern paradigm, within which this phenomenon is problematized and reflexively comprehended. The purpose of the work is to identify the specific features of studying the phenomenon of childhood in the context of the philosophical approach. Methods. The author makes use of general scientific research methods such as analysis and synthesis, serving as philosophical tools. Theoretical reconstruction and comparative analysis, as well as the hermeneutic method of reading texts were used to reveal the peculiarities of studying the phenomenon of childhood, its problems and prospects. Scientific novelty of the study. The study highlights the specific features of studying the phenomenon of childhood; the advantages of philosophical methods and approaches focused on understanding and describing the object under study, creating an integrative idea about it; the author determines development prospects associated with eliminating asymmetric methods of interaction in scientific discourse, and forming interdisciplinary ties. Results. During the research, the author identifies the current problems of studying the phenomenon of childhood philosophically, as well as the prospects for their solution related to the need to form an integrative idea of childhood in the context of interdisciplinary synthesis, using philosophical methods and approaches which make it possible to integrate children’s experience into research discourse, without going beyond the framework of scientific strategies. Conclusions. The philosophical study of the phenomenon of childhood covers a wide range of problems, the solution of which involves searching for answers related, first, to the epistemological and methodological aspects of learning childhood experience; secondly, with ontological, existential and axiological contexts of research. Strategies of philosophical research are aimed at systemic learning the phenomenon of childhood, at tracing the relations between methods, epistemological, ontological, axiological and other assumptions on which cognition is based, and the formation of conceptual ideas about childhood, participating in the constitution of the “adult – child” relations, educational practices in society and culture.
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Lugea, Jane. "Embedded dialogue and dreams: the worlds and accessibility relations of Inception." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 22, no. 2 (2013): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947013489618.
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In this article, Text World Theory (Gavins, 2007; Werth, 1999) and Ryan’s model of fictional worlds (1991a, 1991b) are both applied to Nolan’s blockbuster film, Inception (2010) to explore the multi-layered architecture of the narrative. The opening two scenes of Nolan’s screenplay are analysed using Text World Theory, with particular attention to the embedded nature of character dialogue, or, more generally, ‘represented discourse’ (Herman, 1993), otherwise known as Direct Speech (Leech and Short, 2007). Based on this analysis, I suggest a modification to the way in which Text World Theory deals with represented discourse, which improves the framework’s applicability to all text types. Moving from the micro-analysis of the screenplay text, to a macro-analysis of the film narrative as a whole, I outline the various different worlds that make up the reality, dream and ‘limbo’ layers in the film, explaining how most of the action takes place at a remove from the world at the centre of the textual system. I use Deictic Shift Theory’s terms PUSH and POP (Galbraith, 1995) to describe the movements between the ontological layers of the narrative and suggest that these terms are better suited to describe hierarchies of ontology rather than horizontal deictic shifts. Ryan’s taxonomy of accessibility relations is used to describe the ways in which the film differs from reality, as well as the ways in which the dreams differ from the internal reality of the film. The complex ontological structure and asymmetric accessibility relations between the worlds are ascribed as the reason for many viewers’ difficulty in processing the film’s narrative. With its attention to discourse-world factors, Text World Theory is then used to account for the myriad of reactions to Inception – as expressed on online discussion forums – which range from engagement and enjoyment to frustration and resistance.