Tesis sobre el tema "Open Window"

The poems in this collection are elegiac; celebrations of losses and failures, tributes to the daily doldrums that are at the center of human experience. They threaten to expose the uncertainty that exists and refuses to exist in our everyday lives. They explore the otherness associated with the individual and often turn to the universal formulas of music and physics to make order of the world around them. Often times the Speaker finds that the seeming chaos manifests within her already orderly life, the daily routines of work and family. Poetic magic, so to speak, weds this ordered chaos to the laws of nature and its routines, especially birds, which makes a recurrent appearance throughout the manuscript.

Les gestacions de bessons tenen un impacte negatiu sobre l’economia de les explotacions lleteres per l’elevat risc d’avortament i els efectes negatius del part de bessons sobre l’eficiència reproductiva postpart de les vaques. La reducció embrionària ofereix l’oportunitat de transformar una gestació múltiple en una simple i es presenta con una eina per a disminuir la creixent taxa de bessons i els seus efectes negatius. El principal objectiu d’aquesta tesi ha estat desenvolupar i avaluar els beneficis i riscs potencials de la reducció embrionària en vaques d’alta producció. També es van estudiar els factors de maneig que poden afectar la incidència de gestacions de bessons i els efectes del part de bessons sobre la vida productiva de la vaca. Els quatre estudis que s’inclouen en aquesta tesi han estat publicats o estan sotmesos a revisió per a la seva publicació en revistes científiques. En el primer estudi es van analitzar l’efecte dels factors de maneig i especialment els diferents protocols de sincronització de cel emprats sobre la incidència de gestacions de bessons. La taxa de gestació de bessons sobre un total de 2015 gestacions va ser del 17.9% i la incidència es va veure significativament afectada per factors individuals (lactació i bessons en el part anterior), factors ambientals (fotoperíode y estació) i pel protocol de sincronització aplicat abans de la inseminació. El segon estudi recull els historials reproductius complets de 4861 vaques lleteres d’alta producció amb un total de 12587 parts amb l’objectiu de determinar els efectes del part de bessons sobre l’eficiència reproductiva postpart i la vida productiva de les vaques. La taxa de parts de bessons durant el 11 anys d’estudi va ser del 5.6% y el 9.8% de las vaques van tenir bessons al menys en una ocasió al llarg de la seva vida. Les vaques amb part de bessons van presentar una menor taxa de concepció i un major risc d’eliminació en la lactació següent, major risc d’avortament i menor la vida productiva que les vaques amb un únic vedell al part. En el tercer estudi es va avaluar l’efecte de la reducció embrionària per la ruptura manual de l’amnios d’un dels embrions en gestacions de bessons unilaterals i bilaterals sobre el manteniment de la gestació. El risc de pèrdua de la gestació va ser similar en el grup de vaques amb gestacions de bessons unilaterals tractades i control. Tanmateix, la reducció embrionària va incrementar el risc de pèrdua en les vaques amb gestacions de bessons bilaterals. A l’últim estudi es van comparar les taxes de manteniment de la gestació en gestacions múltiples reduïdes mitjançant la ruptura manual de l’amnios o mitjançant aspiració transvaginal del fluid fetal guiada per ecografia. El risc de pèrdua de la gestació va ser similar per ambdós mètodes de reducció.
Las gestaciones gemelares tienen un impacto negativo sobre la economía de las explotaciones de vacuno lechero por su elevado riesgo de aborto y el efecto del parto gemelar sobre la eficiencia reproductiva postparto de la vaca. La reducción embrionaria brinda la oportunidad de transformar una gestación múltiple en una simple y se presenta como una herramienta para disminuir la creciente tasa de partos gestaciones y sus efectos negativos. El principal objetivo de esta tesis fue desarrollar y evaluar los beneficios y riesgos potenciales de la reducción embrionaria en vacas de alta producción. Se estudiaron además los factores que afectan a la incidencia de gestaciones gemelares y los efectos de los partos de gemelos sobre la vida productiva de la vaca. Los cuatro estudios experimentales y epidemiológicos incluidos en esta tesis han sido publicados o están sometidos a revisión para su publicación en revistas científicas. En el primer estudio se analizaron los factores de manejo y especialmente de los diferentes protocolos de sincronización de celo empleados sobre la incidencia de gestaciones gemelares. La tasa de gestaciones gemelares sobre un total de 2015 gestaciones fue del 17.9% y la incidencia se vio significativamente afectada por factores individuales (número de lactación y gemelos en el parto previo), factores ambientales (fotoperiodo y estación) y por el protocolo de sincronización aplicado antes de la inseminación. En el secundo estudio se recogieron los historiales reproductivos completos de 4861 vacas lecheras de alta producción con un total de 12587 partos con el objetivo de determinar los efectos del parto gemelar sobre la eficiencia reproductiva postparto y la vida productiva de las vacas. La tasa de partos gemelares durante los 11 años de estudio fue del 5.6% y el 9.8% de las vacas parieron gemelos al menos en una ocasión a lo largo de sus vidas. Las vacas con partos gemelares presentaron, además de una menor tasa de concepción y un mayor riesgo de ser eliminadas durante la siguiente lactación, un mayor riesgo de aborto y una menor vida productiva que las vacas con un único ternero al parto. El tercer estudio evaluó el efecto de la reducción embrionaria mediante la ruptura manual del amnios de uno de los embriones en gestaciones gemelares unilaterales y bilaterales sobre el mantenimiento de la gestación. El riesgo de pérdida de la gestación fue similar para el grupo de vacas con gestación unilateral tratadas y control mientras que la reducción embrionaria incrementó el riesgo de pierda de la gestación en las vacas con gestaciones bilaterales. En el último estudio se compararon las tasas de mantenimiento de la gestación tras reducir gestaciones múltiples mediante la ruptura manual del amnios o mediante aspiración transvaginal del fluido fetal guiado por ecografía. El riesgo de pérdida de la gestación fue similar para ambos métodos de reducción.
Twin pregnancy is an increasing and current topic of the high-producing dairy herds due to the economic losses caused by their great risk of pregnancy failure and the detrimental effects of twinning on the postpartum reproductive efficiency. Transforming a multiple pregnancy into a singleton pregnancy by inducing embryo reduction may circumvent those problems. Therefore, the main aim of this thesis was to develop and evaluate the potential risks and benefits of embryo reduction in dairy cattle as a therapeutic strategy addressed to prevent cows from delivering twins and to reduce the twinning rate in high-producing dairy herds. In order to offer a holistic perspective on the problem of twins and to determine its magnitude, we also studied the factors that affect the incidence of twin pregnancies and the effects of twinning on the productive lifespan of the cows. Research included in this thesis was divided in four studies published or submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. The first study addressed potential management risk factors affecting the incidence of twin pregnancies in high-producing dairy cows. Special attention was paid to the estrus synchronization protocol used before the AI resulting in pregnancy. Twin pregnancy was recorded in the 17.9% of the 2015 pregnancy diagnoses, and the incidence was affected by cow factors (lactation number and previous twining), environmental factors (photoperiod and season) and management related to synchronization protocols. The second study analyzed data from complete reproductive records for 4861 high milk-producing dairy cows including 12587 calving events to determine the effects of twinning on the subsequent reproductive performance and productive lifespan of the cows. The twinning rate was 5.6%, and 9.8% of the cows delivered twins at least once during their life. Cows delivering twins, besides being less likely to conceive and more likely to be culled in the subsequent lactation, also carry a higher risk of abortion on the subsequent lactation and show a reduced mean productive lifespan. In the third study we evaluated the effect on pregnancy maintenance of embryo reduction by manual amnion rupture in unilateral and bilateral twin pregnant cows. Embryo reduction by manual amnion rupture did not carry an additional risk of pregnancy loss for unilateral twin pregnancies, whereas the treatment increased the risk of pregnancy failure in bilateral twin pregnancies. The last study compared the effect on pregnancy maintenance of two embryo reduction techniques, Manual Rupture (MR) and Transvaginal Ultrasound Guided Aspiration (TUGA) of allanto-amniotic fluid in dairy cows with multiple pregnancies. No effect was detected on pregnancy maintenance of the technique used.

Bakgrund: Immunsystemet är en av flera fysiologiska aspekter som försämras vid ökad ålder. Aktuell forskning tyder på att fysisk aktivitet stimulerar ett akut svar från immunsystemet i form av mobilisering av vita blodkroppar (WBC) i blodbanan. I efterförloppet av den fysiska aktiviteten sker en immunosuppression som fortlöper olika länge (3-72 h) beroende på aktivitetens intensitet och duration. Detta fenomen benämns ”open window” och det är idag omstritt huruvida det gör individen mer infektionskänslig efter träning. Syfte: Syftet med den aktuella studien var att finna en träningsvolym som tillåter seniorer utföra måttlig aerob fysisk aktivitet utan att riskera en period av immunosuppression. Ur ett folkhälsoperspektiv skulle detta kunna öka livskvalitén hos seniorer utifrån rådanade rekommendationer kring fysisk aktivet utan att riskera infektioner. Metod: 29 testpersoner (12 män, 17 kvinnor; medelålder (SD) 70,7 ± 3,8 år) utförde cykelergometertester i intensitetszon 1 under antingen 5, 10 eller 20 minuter. Under provtillfället togs 4 blodprover (Baseline, direkt efter test, efter 15 minuters vila och efter 30 minuters vila) där WBC och dess undergrupper analyserades med hjälp av ett bildanalyssystem (HemoCue WBC Diff System). Resultat: Resultaten indikerar att all måttlig fysisk aktivitet på cykelergometer akut förhöjer koncentrationen WBC i blodbanan med 23, 32 och 30 % i respektive grupp (5, 10, 20 min). Efter 15 minuters vila minskade antalet WBC endast signifikant hos de testpersoner som cyklade i 5 minuter med totalt 15 %. Efter 30 minuters vila fanns det inte längre någon skillnad i WBC mellan baselinevärdena och de sist uppmätta värdena vilket tyder på att ingen grupp befann sig i ”open window”. Konklusion: Resultaten tyder på att friska seniorer kan utföra fysisk träning som motsvarar de rådande allmänna rekommendationerna för aerob fysisk aktivitet utan att riskera immunosuppression och ”open window”.

Daylight harvesting is an essential strategy that is often used to enhance both the design and performance of an architectural project. Windows, as crucial architectural elements, not only admit natural light into spaces but also provide the occupants with visual connections. However, the excessive usage of windows brings an uncontrolled amount of solar energy to the spaces and negatively affect the building's energy performance. When utilizing passive design strategies such as daylight harvesting, several parameters, including the electrical lighting system, can impact the outcome. The current study investigates the role of lighting systems on daylight harvesting's effectiveness and their impact on window dimension and total energy consumption. In this study, the optimum window-to-wall ratio of an open office in the presence of two different light sources (LED and fluorescent) is explored through a computer simulation method. A combination of tools including AGi32, ElumTools, OpenStudio, EnergyPlus, Radiance, and MATLAB helps to conduct the simulation and deliver optimal results. In the results and conclusion chapter, the study provides guidelines to specify optimal window percentages considering two lighting systems in each cardinal direction. Importantly, the guideline focuses only on energy performance and not on the spatial quality of the design.
Master of Architecture
Harnessing daylight with the use of windows helps to offset parts of the electric lighting needs, and decrease the total building energy consumption. This is accomplished by using glazed materials to admit daylight and lighting control systems, which can respond to the dynamic light level. However, improper implementation of a passive daylighting strategy may cause increased energy consumption. Sunlight is accompanied by solar heat radiation which can increase the HVAC load of a space and compromise the energy savings achieved by daylighting. Therefore, a balance between solar heat and light gain is required to fully take advantage of solar energy without reverse impacts. Concerning the mentioned balance, recent advancements in lighting technology question the effectiveness of natural light in reducing whole-building energy consumption. Due to the high energy efficiency of LED luminaires, lighting power consumption is rather low, even when the lighting system operates at full capacity. Therefore, it is unclear whether the solar energy coming through glazed materials works to the advantage or disadvantage of total building energy consumption. This study hypothesized that the total energy consumption of an open office with LED luminaires would be less in absence of solar energy compared to a scenario which utilizes the solar energy. A simulation-based methodology, using a combination of photometric computation and building energy simulation tools, was utilized to examine the hypothesis and explore the impacts of lighting systems on the optimum window-to-wall ratio. The results provide a helpful guideline which highlights the impact of lighting systems on window dimensions and their mutual effect on whole-building energy consumption. Although the optimum window-to-wall ratios suggested by this study only concern energy consumption, integration of them with occupants' preferences can propose an acceptable window-to-wall ratio that satisfies both design quality and performance of a building.

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) are two leading semiconductor materials used in the fabrication of thin film solar cells of relatively high power conversion efficiency and low manufacturing cost. In this work, CdS/CdTe solar cells with a varying set of processing parameters and device designs were fabricated and characterized for comparative evaluation. Studies were undertaken to elucidate the effects of (i) each step in fabrication and (ii) parameters like thickness, sheet resistance, light absorptivity solution concentration, inert gas pressure etc. Best results were obtained when the thickness of CdS planar film for the window layer was in the range of 150 nm to 200 nm. Also, CdS nanowires were fabricated for use as the window layer in CdS-CdTe solar cells. Their materials characteristics were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Spectral absorption measurements on the planar CdS films and nanowire CdS layers were performed and results compared. It was established that the nanowire CdS design was superior because its absorption of sunlight was far less than that of planar CdS film, which would lead to enhanced performance in the CdS-CdTe solar cell through higher short circuit current density and higher open circuit voltage. Diode behavior of CdS-CdTe devices on planar CdS and nanowire CdS was analyzed and compared. KEYWORDS: Thin Film Solar Cell, Nanowire, UV Absorption, Open-circuit Voltage, Close Space Sublimation

Due to the pressure of recent legislative changes (eg: the EU Landfill Directive and the imposition of a Landfill Tax), composting as a waste disposal technique is now being viewed as the preferred alternative to the landfilling of organic waste. However, while composting has been practised in one form or another for 2500 years, the underlying principles behind the microbial ecology of composting, is poorly understood. In order to obtain an insight into the ecology and hence, the critical nature of the composting process, a number of low cost open-windrows containing urban botanical wastes were established. These windrows were subjected to microbial and physico-chemical analysis over the initial period of exothermically active composting (25 days). This study demonstrated that, whilst average temperatures within open windrows can reach in excess of 65 °C, the sustainability and range of these temperatures depended upon the windrow bulk density. Windrows with bulk densities of 600kgm*3 had a larger insulation factor and thus, were able to sustain high temperatures for longer periods. However, these windrows were more susceptible to the development of areas of low temperature (cold spots) at depths below 20cm. Windrows with bulk densities of 400kgm'3 had smaller insulation factors and therefore, lost heat at a faster rate than windrows with higher bulk densities. This loss of heat was observed to be the case with the windrow surface layers, but they exhibited fewer cool spots at lower levels. This study found that the average microbial population of windrow material was 2.29x1013 CFU kg*1 and that each microbial cell could generate between 6.33 and 8.56xl0*13 Mjkg*1. This resulted in the generation of between 1.13 and 1.70 Mjkg*1 °C*1 of heat energy. Contrary to the published literature, this study observed that temperatures above 65 °C did not result in the significant loss of ammonia from the windrow. However, high levels of ammonia did suppress the formation of nitrate within the windrows. Experiments investigating microbial population kinetics within the windrows indicated that observed changes were proportional to temperature up to 60 °C, when a reduction in population numbers was observed between 60 °C and 65 °C. However, between 60 °C and 70 °C population levels increased once again. It was also noted that at the start of the composting process, 13 different microbial species or genera could be identified. However, after 17 days of exothermic composting, this had been reduced to 2 genera, including a novel large bacterial species belonging to the genus Bacillus. This study also showed that samples of windrows exposed to temperatures above 55 °C for 48 hours did not eliminate mesophilic or psycrotrophic microbial populations as previously assumed by other workers, but only suppressed their metabolism during the high temperature period.

There is a growing demand for sustainable forms of waste management due to both legislative pressures (e.g. the European Union Landfill Directive (99/31/EC)) and increasing public awareness of environmental issues. Composting of biodegradable waste materials to produce a stabilized beneficial multi-functional product (compost) is being widely promoted. Currently, the most popular method of composting is the open windrow method, whereby the mixed and shredded feedstocks are arranged in long rows termed windrows and turned on a regular basis. During the process the waste material is subject to aerobic exothermic microbial decomposition. Commercial composting operations suffer from the problem that much of the processing is performed using empirical approaches. Improved understanding of the composting process based on scientific methodology is required to allow composting to develop its potential as an economic, safe and reliable method of sustainable waste management. This study used a series of large scale windrow-based seasonal field trials employing urban green waste as a feedstock, to investigate in unprecedented detail the temperature trends and patterns of behaviour within such structures. In addition physical-chemical profiling was undertaken. It demonstrated that windrow temperature development is not uniform in either a spatial or temporal sense. Temperature variation is a key feature of composting. All regions of typical windrows exhibited thermophilic and mesophilic temperature zones throughout the composting process. There was little seasonal variation. Sustained high temperatures were most widespread in the core regions at a height of around lm. Thus, these areas should not be favoured during temperature assessment to avoid bias results. It was demonstrated that current methods of temperature assessment are inadequate. It is suggested that greater numbers of data points are collected at varying positions and instead of simply calculating overall mean temperature that individual trends are plotted. The use of temperature frequency distribution histograms and cumulative temperature plots is additionally advised. Increased windspeed (greater than approximately 15MPH) was demonstrated to be a major factor preventing the development and sustaining of thermophilic temperatures within windrows. It is recommended that commercial composters routinely assess windspeed and direction. Changes in organic matter content, bulk density and pH provided an indication of the composting process in the long term but lacked the sensitivity of temperature measurement. Surveying using electronic tacheometry allowed changes in windrow shape and volume to be assessed. The field trial data allowed a novel physical compost model to be developed, based upon open windrow composting of urban green waste. Existing models are based on in-vessel composting systems and are technically flawed in certain key aspects. The model successfully simulated the initial stages of windrow composting, which was proven by experimentation and comparison with field trial data. The use of low level internal feedstock heating was demonstrated to be a viable method of stimulating natural enhanced microbial activity. A non- insulated model windrow and the employment of an environmental simulation system allowed the natural relationship between windrow and external environment to be modelled. The importance of such a model to the compost scientist and waste manager is highlighted. The study showed that it is possible to successfully physically model the open windrow composting process.

Open environmental flow is a multivariable, non-linear, unsteady flow system which presents a challenge to those who engage in understanding, monitoring and predicting it. This thesis sets the foundation for future work and suggests best practice techniques for the numerical simulation of such flow taking into account important phenomena and assumptions. These factors include boundary conditions, location and size of the control volume and level of resolution. The use of more comprehensive techniques such as Computational Fluid Dynamics proposed herein, compared to those currently employed by regulating agencies, may take into account local meteorology and topography in order to provide a more accurate estimation of pollutant dispersion by site specific investigation. Wind flow and effluent pollutant dispersion was examined for idealised flat and hilly terrains where topography was seen to largely influence wind flow phenomena and later pollution dispersion. These simulations assumed an incompressible, steady state air, flowing isothermally over vertical and horizontal line sources positioned near ground and upstream one or two sinusoidal axisymmetric hills in a single row. Results suggest that the wind speed increases on the upslopes of hills. Then the flow recirculates strongly on the downslope of a hill or the lee of any bluff body such as a house or trees. Furthermore, a case study has been carried out for two locations in the UK, employing techniques and conclusions from idealised simulations. A proposed compost site, located in South Yorkshire was examined, where the local topography is characterised by sloping terrain and large woods; such factors were seen to influence wind flow and dispersion of particles and concentration. Results from the compost site were compared to results from a contrasting flat-land green waste processing plant in West Midlands. All simulations assumed an incompressible, steady state wind over three presumed compost piles. For all cases studied herein, Lagrangian particle tracking was employed to show particle dispersion from the alleged compost piles and calculate average travel distances for trapped particles and entrapment probability. Particle tracking results show that particulate pollutants can get trapped at recirculation areas, in-between trees and village houses. Mass-less particles travel further before hitting an obstacle when released in low winds and their orbit is largely affected by topography when released from near ground sources. In addition, Species Transport was enabled to examine the effect of topographical and meteorological conditions to pollutant concentrations. Species transport results for the examined composting sites show an increased number of particles trapped in-between rows of compost piles and a decrease of emissions to near background values within 200m from the source. However, it was evident that flat land favours the spread of species which can reach nearby houses at larger percentages.

Bioaerosol emissions from open windrow composting facilities are becoming of increasing concern due to the negative health effects associated with bioaerosols, and the fact that emissions from open windrow facilities are not contained. Current bioaerosol monitoring techniques provide only a snapshot of bioaerosol concentrations spatially and temporally, whereas dispersion models have the potential to offer a more continual overview of bioaerosol levels, alongside existing sampling methods. However, dispersion models have not been successful at accurately predicting bioaerosol concentrations from open windrow composting facilities, generally under predicting concentrations by at least one order of magnitude. This is predominantly due to a lack of knowledge and data surrounding the complex nature of bioaerosol release and transportation, particularly when the compost is agitated. This study aimed to improve the reliability in the outputs of the ADMS dispersion model, specifically in the open windrow composting scenario, by performing several model tests alongside selected input parameter quantification improvements. This involved completing a sensitivity analysis, and a model calibration and validation specific to this scenario for the first time. Results from the sensitivity analysis showed that the use of wet and dry deposition modules is significant, and the majority of model inputs associated with the representation of the source of the emission are sensitive. These findings helped select the model input parameters for quantification improvements. Novel preliminary measurements of bioaerosol temperature, velocity and concentration at the source of composting agitation activities were completed. These values provided more accurate model inputs. Collectively, these results allowed the model to be successfully calibrated, and consequently, validated for the first time for this specific scenario, resulting in model outputs corresponding to within one order of magnitude to measured data. This has helped to generate an initial set of modelling recommendations, allowing modellers to use the ADMS dispersion model in a reliable manner, when applied to the open windrow composting scenario. Eventually, these improved model outputs may be used to predict bioaerosol exposure levels at sensitive receptors, particularly in conditions where current monitoring methods are not feasible.

Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of North Texas, 2001.
Includes 8 concert and recital programs (1997-2001). Accompanied by recital, recorded Sept. 6, 2001. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-107).

This work deals with security compliance of computer systems, namely operating systems, applications and system services. Concept of security policies, their evaluation and their enforcement is described. Security compliance automation and the SCAP standard are presented. OpenSCAP project, which is used as an SCAP scanner, is described together with its tools and its usage. An idea to add support of Microsoft Windows within OpenSCAP, which was previously unsupported, is presented. The core part of the thesis is to identify necessary changes of OpenSCAP and to design an extension of this project. All these modifications are implemented. The solution is demonstrated on security policies for Windows. The solution is evaluated and further improvements are discussed.

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural paradigm that allows building of infrastructures for diverse application interaction and integration via services across different platforms, domains of technology and locations. SOA differs from traditional architectures, as it focuses on integrating capabilities that are distributed and implemented using a mixture of technologies. SOA provides a set of methodologies and strategies to accomplish interoperability and integration among different technology stacks.   Vattenfall is the fifth the largest energy supplier within Europe. Having operational systems in different countries brings the challenge of integrating all these distributed systems and this integration is a vital requirement for Vattenfall. The company is currently using Microsoft proprietary products to achieve integration across different technological platform, but requires a better integration infrastructure which is easily extensible and cost effective.   This thesis investigates the impact of implementing Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) using open source or proprietary software products within Vattenfall, from technological and financial perspectives. For this purpose, different technical and non-technical function blocks are identified which are essential for the implementation of SOA. These function blocks are mapped with SOA solutions provided by Red Hat’s JBoss Open Source SOA Platform and Microsoft’s SOA Platform. After mapping, a vendor specific technical and non-technical comparative analysis is carried out based on the function blocks, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each vendor.   Finally, an evaluation scheme is purposed based on the technical comparative analysis of vendors, SOA solution cost and SOA competence required. The results from this evaluation scheme are used to recommend the best solution vendor for Vattenfall Nordic. Moreover, this evaluation scheme can also be used to facilitate management in arriving at an appropriate decision about implementation of SOA, while remaining within their requirements and constraints.

[ES] La materia prima es un elemento clave en cualquier proceso de transformación alimentaria, ya que de su composición y cualidades dependerá el producto final. En el caso del jamón, el origen de la materia prima, puede proceder de sistemas ganaderos convencionales, donde la producción es intensiva y la alimentación está basada en piensos comerciales. En el caso de cerdos procedentes de ganadería ecológica, los animales están sujetos a las condiciones marcadas por la normativa europea de producción ecológica, donde se respeta el medio ambiente y el bienestar animal. Para el caso de figuras de calidad, las explotaciones ganaderas también deben cumplir los requisitos indicados en los pliegos de condiciones. Otro elemento que define al jamón curado es el proceso de elaboración, que se inicia con la salazón con o sin sales nítricas. El tiempo de secado-maduración, el sistema de secado (natural o con ventana abierta versus cámara con condiciones controladas) y la temperatura son elementos clave en el desarrollo de las cualidades organolépticas. El principal objetivo del presente estudio es aportar resultados sobre la evolución en la composición de la carne, a lo largo del proceso de secado-maduración, en la elaboración de jamón curado, teniendo como variables del estudio, la procedencia del pernil (de granjas ganaderas convencionales, ecológicas o de la DOP Teruel), tecnología aplicada en el proceso de secado (cumpliendo los requisitos para la certificación ecológica), así como la influencia del sistema de secado (ventana abierta o cámara), evaluando los parámetros que permiten clasificar las diferentes variables. Para ello se analizan un total de 36 jamones de cerdo blanco (convencional, ecológico y DOP Teruel), destinando 6 jamones de cada una para el secado natural y otros 6 para el secado en cámara. Los parámetros analizados son humedad, minerales totales, sodio, hierro, proteína, grasa, perfil de ácidos grasos, nitratos y nitritos, detección de antibióticos y compuestos de la fracción volátil. Los resultados indican que los parámetros de color L*, b* y C* son mayores en los jamones procedentes de sistemas de producción convencional, en particular en los jamones DOP Teruel, donde además se incluye el parámetro a*. Los jamones de sistemas de producción convencional se caracterizan por presentar valores más elevados de humedad, grasa, proteína y cenizas, así como un contenido en ácidos grasos saturados mayor. Esto repercute en los valores de los índices de calidad de la grasa, con connotaciones negativas en el índice de aterogenicidad, de trombogenicidad o en la relación ω6/ω3, sobre todo si los jamones se secan en cámara. Los jamones ecológicos presentan valores más bajos de los componentes químicos analizados y niveles superiores de AGMI y AGPI, así como índices positivos de calidad de la grasa como el de ácidos grasos buenos para la salud o la relación AGPI/AGS, especialmente si se secan al natural. Generando jamones con una mayor presencia de compuestos volátiles. La clasificación de los jamones, en función de la procedencia y el sistema de secado, se alcanza con éxito tomando los parámetros de color, ácidos grasos y los componentes terpenoides de la fracción volátil. El estudio de componentes principales permite clasificar los jamones convencionales como aquellos con mayor contenido en proteína, L*, cenizas, Fe, Na, H*, humedad, grasa, nitratos y nitritos, así como por los ácidos grasos behénico, palmítico, esteárico y mirístico. Los jamones ecológicos se caracterizarían por sus valores de a*, b* y C*, así como por la presencia de linoleico y linolénico y los jamones DOP Teruel serían aquellos con altos valores de ácidos grasos heptadecenoico, palmitoleico y oleico.
[CA] La matèria primera és un element clau en qualsevol procés de transformació alimentària, ja que de la seua composició i qualitats dependrà el producte final. En el cas del pernil, l'origen de la matèria primera, pot procedir de sistemes ramaders convencionals, on la producció és intensiva i l'alimentació està basada en pinsos comercials. En el cas de porcs procedents de ramaderia ecològica, els animals estan subjectes a les condicions marcades per la normativa europea de producció ecològica, on es respecta el medi ambient i el benestar animal. Per al cas de figures de qualitat, les explotacions ramaderes també han de complir els requisits indicats en els plecs de condicions. Un altre element que defineix al pernil curat és el procés d'elaboració, que s'inicia amb la salaó, amb o sense sals nítriques. El temps de l'assecatge-maduració on la duració, el sistema d'assecatge (natural o amb finestra oberta versus cambra amb condicions controlades) i la temperatura són elements clau en el desenvolupament de les qualitats organolèptiques. El principal objectiu del present estudi és aportar resultats sobre l'evolució en la composició de la carn, al llarg del procés d'assecatge-maduració, en l'elaboració de pernil curat, tenint com a variables de l'estudi, la procedència del pernil (de granges ramaderes convencionals, ecològiques o de la DOP Teruel), tecnologia aplicada en el procés d'assecatge (complint els requisits per a la certificació ecològica), així com la influència del sistema d'assecatge (finestra oberta o cambra), avaluant els paràmetres que permeten classificar les diferents variables. Per a això s'analitzen un total de 36 pernils de porc blanc, prenent 12 de cadascuna de les procedències objecte d'estudi (convencional, ecològic i DOP Teruel), destinant 6 pernils de cadascuna per a l'assecatge natural i altres 6 per a l'assecatge en cambra. Els paràmetres analitzats són humitat, minerals totals, sodi, ferro, proteïna, greix, perfil d'àcids grassos, nitrats i nitrits, detecció d'antibiòtics i compostos de la fracció volàtil. Els resultats indiquen que els paràmetres de color L*, b* i C* són majors en els pernils procedents de sistemes de producció convencional, en particular en els pernils DOP Teruel, on a més s'inclou el paràmetre a*. Els pernils de sistemes de producció convencional es caracteritzen per presentar valors més elevats d'humitat, greix, proteïna i cendres, així com un contingut en àcids grassos saturats major. Això repercuteix en els valors dels índexs de qualitat del greix, amb connotacions negatives en l'índex de aterogenicitat, de trombogenicitat o en la relació ω6/ω3, sobretot si els pernils s'assequen en cambra. Els pernils ecològics presenten valors més baixos dels components químics analitzats i nivells superiors de AGMI i AGPI, així com índexs positius de qualitat del greix com el d'àcids grassos bons per a la salut o la relació AGPI/AGS, especialment si s'assequen al natural. Generant pernils amb una major presència de compostos volàtils. La classificació dels pernils, en funció de la procedència i el sistema d'assecatge, s'aconsegueix amb èxit prenent els paràmetres de color, àcids grassos i els components terpenoides de la fracció volàtil. L'estudi de components principals permet classificar els pernils convencionals com aquells amb major contingut en proteïna, L*, cendres, Fe, Na, H*, humitat, greix, nitrats i nitrits, així com pels àcids grassos behénic, palmític, esteàric i mirístic. Els pernils ecològics es caracteritzarien pels seus valors de a*, b* i C*, així com per la presència de linoleic i linolènic i els pernils DOP Teruel serien aquells amb alts valors d'àcids grassos heptadecenoic, palmitoleic i oleic.
[EN] The raw material is a key element in any food transformation process, since the final product will depend on its composition and qualities. In the case of ham, the origin of the raw material can come from conventional livestock systems, where production is intensive and food is based on commercial feed. In the case of pigs from organic farming, the animals are subject to the conditions set by the European organic production regulations where the environment and animal welfare is respected. In the case of quality figures, livestock farms must also meet the requirements indicated in the specifications. Another element that defines cured ham is the production process, which begins with salting, with or without nitric salts. The duration of the drying-maturing, the drying system (natural or with an open window versus chamber with controlled conditions) and temperature are key elements in the development of organoleptic qualities. The main objective of this study is to provide results on the evolution in the composition of the meat, throughout the drying-maturation process, in the elaboration of dry-cured ham, having as variables of the study, the origin of the leg (from cattle farms conventional, ecological or of the Teruel PDO), technology applied in the drying process (meeting the requirements for ecological certification), as well as the influence of the drying system (open window or chamber), evaluating the parameters that allow classifying the different variables. For this, a total of 36 white pig hams are analyzed (conventional, organic and PDO Teruel), allocating 6 hams of each for natural drying and another 6 for drying under controlled conditions. The parameters analyzed are moisture, total minerals, sodium, iron, protein, fat, profile of fatty acids, nitrates and nitrites, detection of antibiotics and compounds of the volatile fraction. The results indicate that the color parameters L *, b * and C * are higher in hams from conventional production systems, particularly in PDO Teruel hams, where the a * parameter is also included. Hams from conventional production systems are characterized by higher moisture, fat, protein and ash values, as well as a higher saturated fatty acid content. This affects the values of the fat quality indices, with negative connotations in the atherogenicity index, thrombogenicity or in the ω6/ω3 ratio, especially if the hams dried in controlled conditions. Organic hams present lower values of the chemical components analyzed and higher levels of MUFA and PUFA, as well as positive indices of fat quality such as fatty acids good for health or the PUFA / SFA ratio, especially in natural driying. Generating hams with a greater presence of volatile compounds. The classification of hams, depending on the origin and the drying system, is successfully achieved by taking the parameters of color, fatty acids and the terpenoid components of the volatile fraction. The study of main components makes it possible to classify conventional hams as those with the highest content in protein, L *, ashes, Fe, Na, H *, moisture, fat, nitrates and nitrites, as well as by behenic, palmitic, stearic and myristic. Organic hams would be characterized by their a *, b * and C * values, as well as by the presence of linoleic and linolenic levels, and DOP Teruel hams would be those with high levels of heptadecenoic, palmitoleic and oleic fatty acids.
Domínguez Gómez, MJ. (2020). Efectos de la materia prima y el proceso secado-maduración sobre la calidad del jamón curado [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/160042
TESIS

The object of this mater’s thesis is to analyze current situation of information system at municipal office of Blansko and to review it. Subsequently to suggest other possible solutions and improvements. Formulation of economic and other advantages and possible disadvantages and problems that can occur in case of implementation of other OpenSource components.

Wireless sensor networks and portable electronic devices, such as mobile phones, media players, digital cameras and iPods, require local electric power supplies. Although these devices are operational all the time, they consume just a few milli-or micro-watts. This means energy harvesting from the environment is an attractive option for powering these devices. Mechanical energy harvesters can use electromagnet, electrostatic or piezoelectric approaches. Of these, electrostatic devices are found to be the most suitable approach for harvesting mechanical energy since they are compact, sensitive to low level mechanical energy, easier to integrate in small scale systems, not requiring smart materials, simple to fabricate, inexpensive and simply structured using less circuitry. Most of electrostatic harvesters proposed in previous studies use mechanical vibration. However, only a few studies have investigated harvesting rotational mechanical energy. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the possibility of harvesting rotational mechanical energy from wind using the electrostatic approach. The proposal involves capturing wind energy using a micro wind turbine then converting it into usable electrical energy. This work first considers general design considerations and the design procedure that must be followed to construct a suitable electrostatic based wind energy harvester. Second, it describes the operating principles of various parts needed to design a novel efficient electrostatic harvesting system. The new harvester consists of a micro wind turbine, a gearbox, a multi-pole variable capacitor or capacitor array, an LC to LC energy transfer circuit, a capacitance sensing system and a microcontroller. The harvesting process has three main steps. First, wind energy is captured and converted into mechanical power using the micro wind turbine. Second, mechanical power is converted into electrical power using the variable capacitor in three phases: pre-charge, harvest and reset. Third, the electrical energy is processed and stored in a Lithium ion battery. The proposed harvester was simulated using Matlab/Simulink to study energy transfer throughout the three energy harvesting phases. Energy analysis was then carried out to study the effect of varying the structure of the multi-pole capacitor on the amount of harvested energy. Results from the simulation for capacitance variation from 2.5 nF to 0.6 nF indicated that an eight-pole variable capacitor can produce 29.43 μJ/sec at a wind speed of 10 m/sec, while a capacitor array of the same capacitance variation with 10 capacitors in the array can produce 295 μJ/sec at a wind speed of 10 m/sec. The results of experiments were carried out to test wind harvesting using a two-pole capacitor proved that the proposed harvester is capable of powering an RF transmitter to transmit wind speed information wirelessly.

This work is about the design of two different solutions of a return circuit for the subsonic open loop wind tunnel of the University of Bologna placed in the laboratory of aerodynamics. The possibility of realizing a return circuit was born from the idea of moving the current wind tunnel to a different place. Realizing a closed-type wind tunnel could permit a better installation with reduced costs since the starting point of the project is an existing tunnel. Two different design solutions are shown in order to satisfy different conditions of allocation: one model has vertical development, the other has horizontal development. The conceptual phase is followed by a study of the pressure losses in order to evaluate which design solution could be the best.

Much research and experiments have gone into studying idealized wing-body junction flows and their impact on horseshoe vortex and wake formation.  The vortices have been found to generate regions of high surface pressure fluctuations and turbulence that are detrimental to structural components and acoustics.  With the focus in the military and commercial industry on reducing the acoustical impact of aircraft and their engines, very little research has been done to examine the potential impact wing-body junctions may have on acoustics, especially for high lifting bodies such as propellers.  Two similar tests were conducted in the Virginia Tech Open Jet Wind Tunnel where boundary layer measurements, oil flow visualizations, acoustic linear array and surface pressure fluctuation measurements of a baseline Rood airfoil model and two novel junction fairing designs were all taken.  Boundary layer measurements were taken at four locations along the front half of the flat plate and the profiles were shown to be all turbulent despite the low Reynolds number of the flow, (test 1: Re_"<1400, test 2: Re_"<550).  Oil flow visualizations were taken and compared to those of previous researchers and the location of separation and line of low shear along with the maximum width of the wake and width of wake at the trailing edge all scaled relatively well with the Momentum Deficit Factor, defined for wing-body junction flows [Fleming, J. L., Simpson, R. L., Cowling, J. E. & Devenport, W. J., 1993. An Experimental Study of a Turbulent Wing-Body Junction and Wake Flow. Experiments in Fluids, Volume 14, pp. 366-378. ].  A linear microphone array was used to estimate the directivity of the facility acoustic background noise to be used to improve background subtraction methods for surface pressure fluctuation measurements.  Surface pressure fluctuation spectra were taken ahead of the leading edge of the plate and along the surface of the models.  These showed that the fairings reduced pressure fluctuations along the plate upstream of the leading edge, with fairing 1 reducing them to clean tunnel flow levels.  On the surface of the models, the fairings tended to reduce low frequency (<1000Hz) pressure fluctuation peaks when compared to the baseline model and increase the pressure fluctuations in the high frequency range.  Simple scaling arguments indicate that this spectral change may be more beneficial than detrimental as low frequency acoustics especially those between 800 Hz and 1200 Hz are the frequencies that humans perceive as the loudest noise levels.  Scaling the frequencies measured to those of full scale applications using Strouhal numbers show that frequencies below 1000 Hz in this experiment result in frequencies at the upper limit of the human hearing frequency range.  Low frequency acoustic waves also tend to travel farther and high frequency acoustic waves are more apt to be absorbed by the surrounding atmosphere.
Master of Science

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
Production systems need to be monitored because failure to do so can cause a delay in production due to a lack of remote monitoring. There are solutions that provide this information, but they are limited, because they are owned and very expensive solutions. This paper proposes the development of a mobile application for the monitoring of S7-1200 programmable controller variables through Firebase. The goal is to use open-source-type tools to develop a real-time variable monitoring application of a programmable controller capable of hosting a Web server, and the sent data to the Firebase cloud, in order to avoid modifying the driver software and the data stored in memory. The implemented system of sending, handling and presenting variables is developed with tools of open source type, since they have as an advantage to have greater freedom in programming, unlike proprietary solutions or services. The tests were performed on the Siemens S7-1200 controller with a plastic injection molding machine.
Revisión por pares

Basat en el creixent interès en les tecnologies ambientals urbanes, l'estudi de turinas d'eix vertical de petita escala mostra desafiaments motivadors. En aquesta tesi, es presenten els criteris de disseny, les característiques i potencialitats d'un nou túnel de vent de secció de prova oberta. Té un àrea de sortida i la broquet del túnel de 1,5 x 1,5 m2, i es pot operar amb velocitats de sortida de 3 m / s a ​​17 m / s. La caracterització del flux s'ha dut a terme amb tubs pitot calibrats, anemòmetres de cassoletes i anemòmetres de fil calent. Es consideren dues configuracions diferents de l'àrea de prova, amb i sense sostre. Els mesuraments en el rang de velocitats de sortida disponibles mostren que la secció transversal, on les intensitats de velocitat i turbulència mostren un nivell acceptable d'uniformitat, té una àrea de 0,8 x 0,8 m2 i una dimensió de 2 m des de la sortida del broquet del túnel. En aquesta secció de treball, la intensitat màxima de la turbulència és del 4%. La caracterització detallada del flux realitzat indica que el túnel de vent es pot utilitzar per provar models a d'aerogeneradors de petita escala.
Basado en el creciente interés en las tecnologías ambientales urbanas, el estudio de turinas de eje vertical de pequeña escala muestra desafíos motivadores. En esta tesis, se presentan los criterios de diseño, las características y potencialidades de un nuevo túnel de viento de seccion de prueba abierta. Tiene un área de salida e la boquilla del túnel de 1,5 x 1,5 m2, y se puede operar con velocidades de salida de 3 m/s a 17 m/s. La caracterización del flujo se ha llevado a cabo con tubos pitot calibrados, anemómetros de cazoletas y anemómetros de hilo caliente. Se consideran dos configuraciones diferentes del área de prueba, con y sin techo. Las mediciones en el rango de velocidades de salida disponibles muestran que la sección transversal, donde las intensidades de velocidad y turbulencia muestran un nivel aceptable de uniformidad, tiene un área de 0,8 x 0,8 m2 y una dimensión de 2 m desde la salida de la boquilla del túnel. En esta sección de trabajo, la intensidad máxima de la turbulencia es del 4%. La caracterización detallada del flujo realizado indica que el túnel de viento se puede utilizar para probar modelos a de aerogeneradores de pequeña escala.
Based on the increasing interest in urban environmental technologies, the study of small scale vertical axis wind turbines shows motivating challenges. In this thesis, we present the design criteria, characteristics and potentials of a new open jet wind tunnel. It has a nozzle exit area of 1.5 x1.5 m2, and it can be operated with exit velocities from 3 m/s to 17 m/s. The characterization of the flow has been carried out with calibrated pitot tubes, cup anemometers, and hot wire anemometers. Two different configurations of the test area, with and without a ceiling, are considered. Measurements in the range of available exit velocities show that the cross section, where the velocity and turbulence intensities show an acceptable level of uniformity, has an area of 0.8 x 0.8 m2 and a streamwise dimension of 2 m from the nozzle exit of the tunnel. In this working section, the maximum turbulence intensity is 4%. The detailed characterization of the flow carried out indicates that the wind tunnel can be used to test small scale models of wind turbines.

Esse trabalho propõe a investigação da geometria dos contornos internos de eixos vazados para aerogeradores quando aplicados mandris com diferentes diâmetros ao longo de seu comprimento no forjamento incremental em matriz aberta. Tem-se por finalidade a fabricação de um mandril que proporcione à peça forjada formato mais perto do formato final proposto. Foram estudados através do uso de simulações numéricas computacionais com o software Simufact.forming 12 e ensaios com o material modelo plasticina possíveis geometrias de mandris, variando a angulação na região de troca de diâmetros ao longo do comprimento entre 0˚, 30˚ e 60˚, e analisados o comportamento do escoamento do material na região. Com o processo simulatório concluído, foi produzido o mandril que apresentou melhor desempenho e foram realizados testes práticos. No total, duas peças foram forjadas e analisados seus resultados. A geometria proposta da peça foi alcançada, confirmando a escolha da cinemática do processo. A temperatura do mandril foi aferida e comparada com a temperatura durante a simulação, onde no último passe, a medida foi 720°C e a simulada em torno de 620°C. As forças de forjamento apresentaram diferença entre a simulação e forjado na média de 7,6%.
This work proposes the investigation of the internal contour of hollow shafts for wind turbines when applied mandrels with different diameters along its length in incremental open-die forging. It is intended to manufacture a mandrel to provide a forged part closer to the final proposed geometry. Studies were conducted using the numerical computer simulations software Simufact.forming 12 and models of plasticine aiming possible mandrel geometries, varying the angle of the different-diameters region along the length between 0˚, 30˚ and 60˚ and analyzed the behavior of the material flow in the region. As the simulation process was concluded, the mandrel with the best performance was produced and practical tests were performed. In total, two workpieces were forged and analyzed its results. The proposed geometry was achieved, confirming the choice of process kinematics. The temperature of the mandrel was measured and compared with the temperature during the simulation at the last pass, the measurement resulted in 720°C and the simulated around 620°C. The forging forces showed differences between simulation and forging of an average of 7.6%.

Aeroacoustic whistles are a significant source of customer complaints to automotive manufacturers. Whistles can occur on many such components, but the relative position and configuration of rearview mirrors means they are a more problematic source of tonal noise on vehicles. The low subsonic complex turbulent flow, combined with small cavity scales, determines the possible whistle mechanisms. The one considered to be most problematic, fluid-dynamic cavity resonance, is the topic of this research thesis. The research scope is limited to the automotive environment of external rearview mirrors and the fluid-dynamic resonance mechanism: low subsonic Mach number, M = 0.05 - 0.13; laminar boundary layers; and two-dimensional, acoustically compact cavities. The low unit-cost of rearview mirrors and the desire to have simple identification and prediction schemes, that could be used by production engineers, determined an empirical approach. A search of the existing literature revealed that there were some data on cavities of the above scale in low Mach number flow, but quoted errors in empirical descriptions were large and there was very little research on the effects of flow yaw angle on the chosen resonance mechanism. The research therefore aims to determine whether existing empirical descriptions of fluid-dynamic cavity resonance are suitable for the prediction of the resonance characteristics, with sufficient accuracy to enable unambiguous identification of the presence of the resonance and its mechanism. A second aim is to investigate the effects of a feature of the automotive flow environment, flow yaw angle, on the resonance. Flow yaw angle is determined by those components of the flow in the same plane as the surface in which the cavity is situated. An experimental program was undertaken using a purpose-built aeroacoustic wind tunnel and a simple cavity model. Testing with two types of cavity configurations, as well as flow visualisation, investigated the main features of the resonance in time-averaged yawed flow. Within the scope of this thesis, it is shown that fluid-dynamic cavity resonance characteristics can be accurately identified by a simple empirical model, even in yawed flow. Various descriptors allow identification of the resonance threshold, stage, frequency and relative amplitude in non-yawed flow, while the frequency and stage can also be identified in yawed flow. The relative decrease in resonance amplitude in yawed flow, although identified for these experiments, would depend on the degree of spanwise variation in the boundary layer characteristics for a given cavity configuration. The results also identify significant issues with testing in a free jet tunnel, due to the nature of fluid-dynamic cavity resonance and the fluctuation energy content in free shear layers. Despite this, the thesis aims are achieved, and appropriate design guidelines are produced for automotive designers.

This thesis has taken part as an experimental development within the Learning Ecology through Science with Global Outcomes project. It introduces the area of cross platform mobile application development and provides a possible solution for tackling the current fragmentation of mobile devices and platforms for data collection. During the process, a mobile data collection prototype was designed, implemented and deployed on Android, iOS and Windows Mango by using standards and web standards such as HTML5, CSS3, XForms and JavaScript. The deployed prototype was then tested with users in order to collect the necessary data to help answer the questions that were formulated. The results indicate an ease of use of the prototype in relation to cross platform development and also shows potential benefits such as less code and time. Cross platform development provides a way to counteract the current fragmentation between mobile platforms.

This master's thesis practical goal is to create an application with usefull graphical users interface, which allows to import training data from GPS device. Also it will generate graphical and statistical outputs of achived results with export option to HTML and tabular processors format. Theoretical part of this thesis presents introduction to creating of a training diary, short description of GPS system function, as next it describes GPS data storage formats and application design.

Le développement de systèmes de propulsion alternatifs aux turboréacteurs actuels constitue un axe de recherche important dans le contexte aéronautique. L’open-rotor, moteur à hélices contrarotatives, constitue une piste sérieuse car il permet à la fois de réduire fortement la consommation de carburant et les émissions de gaz. Toutefois, les émissions sonores restent un défi pour ce type d’architecture, notamment du fait de l’absence de carénage. La compréhension des sources acoustiques et leur prévision est nécessaire afin de pouvoir, par la suite, réduire le bruit de ces moteurs. Les écoulements d’un doublet d’hélices contrarotatives sont complexes, en particulier pour l’hélice aval qui constitue l’axe d’étude de la thèse. Le travail présenté est dédié à une étude numérique, expérimentale et analytique et intervient dans le cadre de la chaire industrielle ADOPSYS entre Safran Aircraft Engines et l’Ecole Centrale de Lyon. L’objectif de ce travail est double. Il s’agit d’une part de réaliser une campagne expérimentale afin d’observer et de mieux comprendre le comportement de l’écoulement et de l’acoustique d’une pale en flèche, notamment en réponse à la présence d’un tourbillon de bord d’attaque. Un second objectif de la thèse était de constituer une base de données afin de comparer les prévisions obtenues avec un modèle analytique. Une méthode de calcul semi-analytique de la réponse aéroacoustique d’une pale aval en réponse à une excitation provenant de l’amont et prenant en compte les effets de charge et de géométrie a été développée. Une étude numérique d’un doublet d’hélices contrarotatives a servi de base à la définition de la géométrie de pale utilisée pendant l’étude. Celle-ci a été définie de façon à observer un tourbillon de bord d’attaque pour certains angles d’incidence. La maquette a ensuite été placée dans une soufflerie anéchoïque de l’Ecole Centrale de Lyon afin de réaliser une étude paramétrique. Des visualisations par enduit visqueux et des mesures de pression pariétale permettent de rendre compte de la présence du tourbillon de bord d’attaque à certains angles d’incidence. L’étude des spectres en champ lointain permet de distinguer un comportement en trois régimes, associés aux trois comportements du tourbillon de bord d’attaque. Des mesures de localisation de sources permettent de corroborer ces observations. Des prévisions analytiques du bruit émis par la pale et se basant sur le modèle d’Amiet ont également été réalisées. Dans un premier temps, les effets de la flèche sont pris en compte dans le modèle et celui-ci est alors appliqué à la pale de l’étude. Une meilleure adéquation des résultats est alors trouvée quand les effets de flèche sont pris en compte, en particulier dans les directions perpendiculaires à la pale. Le modèle est ensuite étendu afin de prendre en compte les effets de la jonction en pied de pale. Cette partie est exploratoire et le développement reste à approfondir. Un complément à l’expérience a consisté en l’étude de l’impact de sillages défilants sur la pale. Un système de barreaux rotatifs permet de générer des sillages périodiques représentatifs d’une interaction de sillages rotor-rotor. Les mesures réalisées montrent le comportement quasi-stationnaire du tourbillon
The development of alternative propeller systems to turbojets is a main issue for research in the current context of aeronautical transport. Counter rotating open rotors are a candidate solution because they allow reduction of fuel consumption and gas emission. However, noise emissions are still a challenge for these types of configuration, in particular because they cannot benefit from the nacelle and the liners currently used in turbojet. The understanding of acoustic sources and their prediction is necessary in order to be able to reduce noise emission in the near future. Flows in an open-rotor are complex, in particular for the downstream propeller which is the subject of this approach.This work based on a numerical, experimental and analytical study and takes part in the ADOPSYS chair between Safran Aircraft Engines and l’Ecole Centrale de Lyon. This PhD has two main goals. The first one is to complete an experimental study in order to elucidate the behavior of the flow on a swept airfoil and the resulting acoustics, with a possibly developing leading-edge vortex. The measurements will be a data base for further comparison with analytical prediction. The second objective of the PhD consists in developing a semi-analytical modeling of the noise emitted by an airfoil in response to an incoming perturbation, taking into account the loading and geometry effects. A numerical study of a full counter-rotating system was used as a basis for designing the investigated airfoil. The latter was designed so that a leading-edge vortex could be formed on the surface for some angles of attack. The mock-up was then tested in an anechoic wind tunnel of Ecole Centrale de Lyon for various sets of parameters. Flow visualization and wall-pressure measurements indicated the presence of the leading-edge vortex for some angles of attack. The far-field measurements indicated three acoustic regimes, which can be associated with three behaviors of the leading-edge vortex. Source localization measurements corroborate these observations. Analytical predictions of the noise emitted by the airfoil and based on Amiet’s model were also performed. Firstly, the sweep angle is taken into account in the model. Secondly it is applied to the studied airfoil. A better match of the results is found when the sweep is considered, in particular in the perpendicular directions. The model in then extended in order to include the wall-junction. This part is exploratory and should be further developed. Finally, a complementary experimental investigation of the impingement of periodic wakes on the airfoil has been performed, using a system made of rotating bars, mimics true wake interactions. The measurements suggest that the leading-edge vortex has a quasi-steady behavior

Lors des mesures acoustiques dans les souffleries à veine ouverte, les ondes acoustiques émises par une maquette ou une source située dans la veine se propagent dans la couche de cisaillement turbulente qui se forme aux abords du jet avant d’être reçues par les microphones localisés en dehors. L’onde acoustique interagit avec le champ de vitesse turbulent de la couche de mélange ce qui a pour effet de modifier son contenu spectral, de redistribuer spatialement son énergie et de moduler sa phase et son amplitude, on parle alors de diffusion acoustique. Cette thèse a consisté à l’étude de la diffusion d’une onde acoustique par une couche de cisaillement turbulente à l’aide d’une simulation numérique aux grandes échelles. Pour cela, il a d’abord été nécessaire de réaliser la simulation numérique aux grandes échelles d’une couche de cisaillement turbulente plane dans son régime auto-similaire. Dans un second temps, nous avons simulé l’interaction entre une onde acoustique et l’écoulement turbulent afin d’étudier les caractéristiques du champ de pression diffusé qui en résulte. Nous avons notamment vérifié que la simulation était capable de prédire précisément les fréquences sur lesquelles est répartie la plupart de l’énergie acoustique ainsi que la forme du spectre de pression diffusé. Finalement, le champ de vitesse du milieu turbulent qui est corrélé avec l’enveloppe du champ de pression diffusé a été reconstruit à l’aide de la méthode de l’estimation stochastique linéaire. Cette méthode nous a notamment permis de visualiser les larges structures turbulentes qui interviennent principalement dans le mécanisme de diffusion acoustique
During open jet wind tunnel measurements, the acoustic waves emitted by a device or an acoustic source located inside the flow propagate inside the turbulent shear layer that develops at the periphery of the jet before being received by microphones located outside the flow. The acoustic wave interacts with the turbulent velocity field leading to a change of directivity, a phase and amplitude modulation as well as a spectral re-distribution of the acoustic energy over a band of frequencies. This phenomenon is known as acoustic scattering. This work has consisted in the study of the scattering of an acoustic wave by a turbulent shear layer using large-eddy simulation. The first step of the study has consisted in the large-eddy simulation of a turbulent shear layer in its self-similar state. In a second second step, the direct computation of the interaction between the acoustic wave and the turbulent flow has been performed in order to study the characteristics of the resulting scattered pressure field. It has been shown that the numerical simulation is able to accurately predict the frequencies on which the main part of the scattered energy is redistributed, as well as the shape of the scattered pressure spectrum. Finally, the turbulent velocity field which is correlated with the envelope of the scattered pressure field is reconstructed using the linear stochastic estimation method. This method has enabled the visualization of the large turbulent structures that mainly take part in the acoustic scattering mechanism

Floating offshore wind power is a relatively new technology that enables wind turbines to float above the sea level, tied by anchors at the seabed. The purpose of this work is to develop an economic model for the technology in order to calculate the total cost of a planned wind farm. Cost data are retrieved from reports and academic journals available online. Based on these data, a model in Microsoft Excel is developed which calculates the Levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for floating wind power plants as a function of several input values. As an addition to this model, financing offshore projects are described using literature study and by doing interviews with three major companies, currently investing in offshore wind. As a result, the model allows the user to calculate Capital expenditures, Operating expenditures and LCOE for projects at any given size and at any given site. The current LCOE for a large floating offshore wind farm is indicated to be in the range of 138-147 £/MWh. The outline from interviews was that today there is no shortage of capital for funding wind projects. However, in order to attract capital, the governmental regulatory of that market has to be suitable since it has a crucial impact on price risks of a project.

Consumers of digital contents are empowered with numerous technologies allowing them to produce perfect copies of these contents and distribute them around the world with little or no cost. To prevent illegal copying and distribution, a technology called Digital Rights Management (DRM) is developed. With this technology, consumers are allowed to access digital contents only if they have purchased the corresponding licenses from license issuers. The problem, however, is that those consumers are not allowed to resell their own licenses- a restriction that goes against the first-sale doctrine. Enabling a consumer to buy a digital license directly from another consumer and allowing the two consumers to fairly exchange the license for a payment are still an open issue in DRM research area. This thesis investigates existing security solutions for achieving digital license reselling and analyses their strengths and weaknesses. The thesis then proposes a novel Reselling Deal Signing (RDS) protocol to achieve fairness in a license reselling. The idea of the protocol is to integrate the features of the concurrent signature scheme with functionalities of a License Issuer (LI). The security properties of this protocol is informally analysed and then formally verified using ATL logic and the model checker MOCHA. To assess its performance, a prototype of the RDS protocol has been developed and a comparison with related protocols has been conducted. The thesis also introduces two novel digital tokens a Reselling Permission (RP) token and a Multiple Reselling Permission (MRP) token. The RP and MRP tokens are used to show whether a given license is single and multiple resalable, respectively. Moreover, the thesis proposes two novel methods supporting fair and secure digital license reselling. The first method is the Reselling Deal (RD) method which allows a license to be resold once. This method makes use of the existing distribution infrastructure, RP, License Revocation List (LRL), and three protocols: RDS protocol RD Activation (RDA) protocol, and RD Completion (RDC) protocol. The second method is a Multiple License Reselling (MLR) method enabling one license to be resold N times by N consumers. The thesis presents two variants of the MLR method: RRP-MR (Repeated RP-based Multi-Reselling) and HC-MR (Hash Chain-based Multi-Reselling). The RRP-MR method is designed such that a buyer can choose to either continue or stop a multi-reselling of a license. Like the RD method, the RRP-MR method makes use of RP, LI, LRL, and the RDS, RDA, and RDC protocols to achieve fair and secure reselling. The HC-MR method allows multiple resellings while keeping the overhead on LI at a minimum level and enable a buyer to check how many times a license can be further resold. To do so, the HC-MR utilises MRP and the hash chain cryptographic primitive along with LRL, LI and the RDS, RDA and RDC protocols. The analysis and the evaluation of these three methods have been conducted. While supporting the license reselling, the two methods are designed to prevent a reseller from (1) continuing using a resold license, (2) reselling a non-resalable license, and (3) reselling one license a unauthorised number of times. In addition, they enable content owners of resold contents to trace a buyer who has violated any of the usage rights of a license bought from a reseller. Moreover, the methods enable a buyer to verify whether a license he is about to buy is legitimate for re-sale. Furthermore, the two methods support market power where a reseller can maximise his profit and a buyer can minimise his cost in a reselling process. In comparison with related works, our solution does not make use of any trusted hardware device, thus it is more cost-effective, while satisfying the interests of both resellers and buyers, and protecting the content owner's rights.

碩士
國立高雄科技大學
工業工程與管理系
107
If the buildings need to ventilate, we must need windows. Due to Taiwanese using habits, the Horizontal Sliding Windows is more popular.Taiwanese use to living in the High-rise building ; what’s more, the strength of typhoons is getting stronger and stronger . Therefore, the requirement of windows’ air permeability is much higher than before.With the requirement about the promotion of living quality, the consumers’ request of sound insulation is rising. To respond the needs of consumers, the effects of sound insulation is obviously improved. Because of these improvements, we need to use the air permeability strip、plenty of Hardware tools and the thickness of glasses to satisfy the consumers’ requirements. However, adding air permeability strip may make the Alu Clad Windows hard to be opened. The original purpose of windows is to let the living space ventilate.So as not to violate the original purpose(ventilation), we need to improve the opening problem of windows. Thus,we choose to discover the problems by Cause and effect Analysis, with choosing TRIZ’s 39 Engineering Matrix into Inventive TRIZ Matrix to find out the most suitable items of 40 Inventive Principles. In addition, we will use the tension test to prove the effects has been improved. Solving the window open difficulty by TRIZ theory.Air permeability strip was changed but still could pass the mock-up test.Make customers feel that opening the window is no longer a tiring thing.Manufacturer won’t be charged by this problem.Manufacturer not noly could avoid unnecessary、large amount of engineering deduction ,but solving the time cost of replacing hadeware by engineering stuff .

Investors can incur in substantial losses if they cannot trade an asset at a desired price at a specific moment – this is liquidity risk. However, this may also pose as an advantage. We prove the relevance of liquidity in an investment strategy using liquidity both as a characteristic for investment decision and as an asset, through liquidity sorted portfolios. Liquidity provides significant improvements in investment performance, especially when allocating for small size stocks. After finding the significance of liquidity during recession periods but not during expansions, we propose a successful asset allocation strategy conditional on announcements timing of business cycles. Liquidity is relevant and you can profit from it – it is the open window when all the doors are closed.

The focus of this study is to investigate the information-seeking behaviour of the undergraduate art and design students of The Open Window School of Visual Communication. A qualitative approach with case study strategy is followed. For sampling purposes The Open Window School of Visual Communication was selected. Various qualitative research methods and literature on information-seeking behaviour are explored. The data were collected through one-on-one interviews. The findings show that various factors influence the information-seeking behaviour of undergraduate art and design students. Aspects in the users’ personal environment, such as meaning, experience, skills, preferences, and actions, have a significant influence on their information-seeking behaviour. Further factors deriving from the students’ context that influence their information-seeking behaviour are curricula, tasks, people (lecturers, artists, designers), sources, and technology applied to accomplish tasks. All these contributing factors have their own sets of requirements with which the art students have to comply. In addition, the findings show that the students’ digital literacy skills influence their information literacy skills. The findings also show that the factors that influence The Open Window students’ information-seeking behaviour influence the library as information service, in terms of the library sources and services the students use. Recommendations are made in order to appropriately address the information- seeking needs of this specific user group and to guide the students to best ways in information-seeking.
Information Science
M. Inf.

This dissertation presents an ethnomusicological approach to the television jazz production within the scope of Radiotelevisão Portuguesa between 1956- 1974. From the mid-twentieth century onwards, Portuguese society underwent profound transformations, directly or indirectly, related to the advent of television (Barreto 2000). Those changes in behaviour and mentality, which Rosas describes as ‘invisible changes’ occurred during the Cold War era, under significant influence of the United States of America, in a context of isolation of Portugal from the rest of the world under the rule of the Estado Novo regime (Rosas 2001). In March 1957, television emerges either as an instrument of unification and conformation of the Portuguese people to the dominant ideology and regime's cultural policies, or in rupture to those values through the circulation within the domestic public sphere of new transnational cultural contents, assuming itself as an ‘open window to a different world’. Consequently, television gave a significant contribution to the dissemination of jazz in Portugal, as social and music practice, which until then had remained confined mainly to the private sphere (clubs, concerts and festivals), broadcasting not only domestic television's contents but also produced abroad. However, it did not contribute only to the dissemination of jazz in the Portuguese public sphere. It also provided a significant cultural counterpoint to the Estado Novo's regime colonial policies. In order to understand the complexity of those processes, both in the diversity of jazz television programming and its subversive potentiality, this thesis is based on the study of the professional career of RTP's Music Production Assistant, Manuel Jorge Veloso (1937-). His personal and musical trajectory is traced in the context of the Portuguese jazz scene, as well as his tripartite professional activity in the field of jazz television programming in Portugal: as a producer, presenter and jazz musician. Since this is an unexplored field of research in Portugal, making use of archival, bibliographical and fieldwork research, this dissertation carries out a profound examination of the television jazz production within the scope of RTP, as well as Manuel Jorge Veloso’s influential role in this process. Thus, it aims to contribute to the reflection on television as a means of disseminating jazz in Portugal, and for the mapping of television programming dedicated to jazz broadcasted by Portuguese Public Television during the Estado Novo regime (1956-1974).
A presente dissertação apresenta uma abordagem etnomusicológica à produção televisiva de música jazz no âmbito da Radiotelevisão Portuguesa, entre 1956-1974. A partir de meados do século XX, a sociedade portuguesa passou por profundas transformações, directa ou indirectamente, relacionadas com o advento da televisão (Barreto 2000). Essas mudanças de comportamento e mentalidade, que Rosas descreve como “mudanças invisíveis”, ocorreram durante a Guerra Fria sob a influência dos Estados Unidos da América num contexto de isolamento do país do resto do mundo sob a governação do regime do Estado Novo (Rosas 2001). Em Março de 1957, a televisão surge como instrumento de unificação e conformação do povo português à ideologia dominante e às políticas culturais do regime, ou em ruptura com esses valores através da circulação na esfera pública nacional de novos conteúdos culturais transnacionais, assumindo-se como uma ‘janela aberta para um mundo diferente’. Consequentemente, a televisão deu um contributo significativo para a difusão do jazz em Portugal, como prática social e musical, que até então se restringia principalmente à esfera privada (clubes, concertos e festivais), transmitindo não só os conteúdos da televisão nacionais mas também produzindo no exterior. No entanto, não contribuiu apenas para a disseminação do jazz na esfera pública portuguesa. Também proporcionou um contraponto cultural significativo às políticas coloniais do regime do Estado Novo. No sentido de compreender a complexidade desses processos, quer ao nível da diversidade da programação televisiva de jazz, quer a sua potencialidade subversiva, esta tese recorre ao estudo do percurso profissional do Assistente de Produção Musical da RTP, Manuel Jorge Veloso (1937-). É traçada a sua trajectória pessoal e musical no âmbito da cena jazzística portuguesa, assim como analisada a sua actividade profissional tripartida no âmbito da programação televisiva de jazz em Portugal: enquanto produtor, apresentador e músico de jazz. Tratando-se de um ‘território inexplorado’ no quadro da investigação em Portugal, esta dissertação realiza um exame aprofundado da produção televisiva dedicada ao jazz na âmbito da RTP, assim como do influente papel de Manuel Jorge Veloso nesse processo, recorrendo a pesquisa arquivista, bibliográfica e trabalho de campo. Desta forma, pretende oferecer um contributo para uma reflexão sobre o papel da televisão enquanto meio de disseminação do jazz em Portugal e para o mapeamento da programação televisiva dedicada ao jazz que foi transmitida pela Radiotelevisão Portuguesa durante o regime do Estado Novo (1956-1974).
Programa Doutoral em Música

碩士
淡江大學
教育政策與領導研究所碩士在職專班
98
This is an action research which implemented Newspaper in Education for the 5th graders of a suburban elementary school in Taipei County. The purpose of this action research is to use the different strategies to develop the reading program with the core of the “excellent little citizen”, “sharing the articles about parent-child” and “widespread reading”. In the process of action research, multiple methods, such as observation, interview, document analysis, survey are used to explore the situation of Newspaper in Education, students’ opinions, possible difficulties, feasible teaching strategies in practice and to reflect the teaching methods. Based on results of this research, some conclusions are synthesized as follows: I. To apply Newspaper in Education in class will promote the 5th graders’ language ability. 1. Playing games with all kinds of materials advances the interest of student reading. 2. To solicit articles by hot topics of conversation, to talk by watching pictures in language classroom, and to read the Little Hurry comic book promote pupils’ abilities of reading and writing. 3. To apply all kinds of reading methods in class promotes pupils’ abilities of admiring articles and talking expression. II. To prepare information fully and flexible classes promotes the efficiencies of Newspaper in Education. 1. Warming-up course is necessary. 2. The Newspaper in Education by asking, linking, discussing, sharing helps to advance pupils’ abilities of reading and rectification. 3. The reading course should be adjusted with the pupils’responds. III. To apply Newspaper in Education in class advances parent-children interaction. 1. Sharing the articles about parent-child advances parent-children interaction. 2. These activities of reading and cutting newspaper advance the parents and children’s abilities of reading and talking. IV. To apply Newspaper in Education in class advances pupils’ concern for the society and the citizenship. 1. To apply Newspaper in Education in class improves pupils’ concern for the current affairs of the society. 2. The discussion of the current events on newspaper advances pupils’ thinking ability. V. To apply Newspaper in Education in class provides opportunity for the researcher to have reflections and professional growth. 1. The researcher needs to find the methods for the difficulties in the process of action research. 2. The researcher gets grown in the process of action research. Based on conclusions mentioned above, the researcher proposes some suggestions for educational administration, school, action teachers and parents for reference.

碩士
中原大學
教育研究所
100
To incorporate the Magic Board and the culture of the new immigrant’s mother countries into the parent-child for learning mathematics of new immigrant family, the purpose of this study was to explore the learning experience and process, as well as outcomes of the new immigrant mothers and children. This study employed a case study approach, by using in-dept interviews, participatory observation, and video-taping of teaching and learning for a half-year. Findings of this study included the following. First, the new immigrant mothers and children liked the parent-child model for learning mathematics and viewed the learning as a joyful process. Similarly, the parent-child model also helped the children become fond of learning mathematics. Second, new immigrant’s mothers and children agreed that the parent-child model for learning mathematics fostered the interaction between the mothers and children, improved mathematics outcomes, and directed learning mathematics. Third, teachers confirmed that the parent-child model was beneficial to promote mathematics learning.

碩士
國立高雄師範大學
英語學系
99
The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of the stamp-oriented project (SOP) on English reading performance of the intermediate level students (ILS) and the advanced level students (ALS). Specifically, the difference between the ILS’s and the ALS’s responses to English vocabulary, reading comprehension and cultural awareness were examined and analyzed. Additionally, the ILS’s and the ALS’s comments and suggestions were further explored. The subjects of the study were 71 third to sixth grade students from four classes in Tien-nan Elementary School in Liou-chiou Hsiang, Pingtung County, Taiwan. They were recruited into the ILS and the ALS group. The ILS group included 39 third and fourth graders from two classes, and the ALS group was 32 fifth and sixth graders from two classes. During a twelve-week the SOP program, both of the groups received four SOP lessons, Flags, Popular Sports, Special Animals and Nature. Before and after the SOP program, the subjects were asked to have the pretest and post-test of English vocabulary and reading comprehension to investigate their reading performance respectively. In addition, the subjects were asked to write worksheet after learning each lesson. After the SOP program, the students were asked to answer questionnaires to investigate their attitudes to the SOP. Then, the tests scores and the responses to the SOP were computed and compared by paired samples t-tests and independent sample t-tests respectively. Besides, the students’ comments and suggestions for the SOP were analyzed qualitatively. On the basis of the data analysis, the major findings of the present study are summarized as follows. 1.There are significant differences on English reading performance for the ILS and the ALS before and after the SOP respectively. Both of the ILS and the ALS significantly improved their English reading performance in terms of English vocabulary and reading comprehension. The SOP significantly help improve the students’ reading performance. 2.There is a significance in the ILS’s and the ALS’s responses to English vocabulary and reading comprehension. Many of the ALS showed they did not have many difficulties learning the English vocabulary and understanding English articles in the SOP, while many of ILS did. However, both of them indicated that they improved English vocabulary and reading comprehension after receiving the SOP. 3.There is a significance in the ILS’s and the ALS’s responses in terms of cultural awareness. Most of the ALS could understand that cultures are sometimes different, while sometimes are the same. They could also show respects to cultures different from their own culture. The results show that the ILS developed lower cultural awareness than that of the ALS. 4.The students held positive attitudes toward the SOP program in culture and reading instruction. Specially, they expressed that they were willing to learn more SOP lessons in the future. Based on the study findings, it is suggested that the teachers can apply the SOP in their English classes. Through the SOP, students enhanced their reading performance and cultural awareness. To be specific, teachers through stamps can help students develop both reading proficiency and cultural knowledge.

abstract: With the growth of IT products and sophisticated software in various operating systems, I observe that security risks in systems are skyrocketing constantly. Consequently, Security Assessment is now considered as one of primary security mechanisms to measure assurance of systems since systems that are not compliant with security requirements may lead adversaries to access critical information by circumventing security practices. In order to ensure security, considerable efforts have been spent to develop security regulations by facilitating security best-practices. Applying shared security standards to the system is critical to understand vulnerabilities and prevent well-known threats from exploiting vulnerabilities. However, many end users tend to change configurations of their systems without paying attention to the security. Hence, it is not straightforward to protect systems from being changed by unconscious users in a timely manner. Detecting the installation of harmful applications is not sufficient since attackers may exploit risky software as well as commonly used software. In addition, checking the assurance of security configurations periodically is disadvantageous in terms of time and cost due to zero-day attacks and the timing attacks that can leverage the window between each security checks. Therefore, event-driven monitoring approach is critical to continuously assess security of a target system without ignoring a particular window between security checks and lessen the burden of exhausted task to inspect the entire configurations in the system. Furthermore, the system should be able to generate a vulnerability report for any change initiated by a user if such changes refer to the requirements in the standards and turn out to be vulnerable. Assessing various systems in distributed environments also requires to consistently applying standards to each environment. Such a uniformed consistent assessment is important because the way of assessment approach for detecting security vulnerabilities may vary across applications and operating systems. In this thesis, I introduce an automated event-driven security assessment framework to overcome and accommodate the aforementioned issues. I also discuss the implementation details that are based on the commercial-off-the-self technologies and testbed being established to evaluate approach. Besides, I describe evaluation results that demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the approaches.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Computer Science 2014

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
100
This research considers the open vehicle routing problem with time windows (OVRPTW), a new variant of the well-known vehicle routing problem (VRP) and an extension of the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). The objective of this study is to describe the problem and develop an effective algorithm for solving the problem. VPR as well as VRPTW belong to the class of NP-hard problem. When the problem scale gets larger, the difficulty and time for finding an optimum solution also increase. Therefore, heuristic algorithms are often developed for solving VRP and VRPTW problems. The OVRPTW in this study is also an NP-hard problem. Thus the goal of this study aims at developing a heuristic algorithm to solve OVRPTW. The results of computational study show that the proposed algorithm is effective in solving the OVRPTW within a reasonable amount of time. The obtained solutions reduce travel distance while using more vehicles. However, this increase in vehicle use is still acceptable. This study indicates that it is possible to reduce the operating costs of third party logistics (3PL) companies while satisfying the rigid constraints from customers and logistics operations.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
101
The open vehicle routing problem (OVRP) is one of the extensions of the vehicle routing problem (VRP). The original VRP concerns a closed loop problem in which all the routes start and end in the same depot. On the other hand, the OVRP is an open loop problem in which each vehicle starts from a depot, but ends at a final served customer. The applications of OVRP include school bus, train service, and third party logistics. In this research we incorporate the inventory effect into a routing decision, consider the time-window situation in our life and then define a new problem called the open inventory routing problem with time window (OIRPTW). This research presents a mathematical model and algorithm of the OIRPTW based on tabu search (TS). The objective of the OIRPTW is to minimize the sum of the total transportation costs, inventory costs and penalty item of time-window constraint.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
105
Facility location and vehicle routing problems are two critical decisions in designing a supply chain network. Although they are often solved separately because of the differences in their planning horizon, these two problems have been proven to be interdependent. Therefore, the location routing problem (LRP) is proposed to solve these problems simultaneously. The problem extend from a practical perspective when the companies do not have their own vehicles to deliver their products. Considering in some real-life situations, arrival time at a customer will affect the customer’s satisfaction level or sales to the customer. Each customer may have a specific service time window during which s/he can be serviced, and a service vehicle must arrive within this time window to start its service. Therefore, this study combines the open location routing problem (OLRP) and time windows constraint into the open location routing problem with time windows (OLRPTW). This study proposes a branch-and-price algorithm to solve OLRPTW. This problem is solved by the simplex algorithm in the master problem. The elementary shortest path problem with resource constraints (ESPPRC) is used in this pricing problem which has the goal to generate feasible routes with negative reduced costs to be added to the restricted master problem (RMP). The OLRPTW instances are derived from three LRP benchmark data sets. The computational result indicates that the branch-and-price algorithm is comparable for small-medium instances. For large instances, it can solve instance with 200 customers and 10 depots to the optimality.

碩士
崑山科技大學
視覺傳達設計研究所
104
Iron window-black iron, embracing many tricks of window-during the Japanese colonial period from Japan and the Tainan Street Lane, is often seen, beautiful people habitually ignored, its value can be used to characterize the diverse patterns of contemporary everyday life aesthetics. This creation research through collection Tainan, and Taipei, and street of iron spent window patterns and meeting whole, and analysis will patterns classification into Japan culture, and geometry, and new art baby, category, and Japan traditional of patterns control Hou can understand patterns except anti-theft function, and beautiful decorative outside, also can reflect contemporary of Palace life, and life aesthetics, and popular things baby,, and we today by saw of iron spent window, are is 30-60 years generation Shi by built out of, reflect with that times of Palace life, is that era of memory where. Today, Taiwan in the process of westernization, course environment is entering the high degree of homogeneity, what patterns can be used to characterize, represent this area in Tainan? Tainan's unique characteristics and culture then what is it? Iron spent window from Tainan fortune, will return Tainan, through window light-time-circulation, reverse thinking now Tainan unique of special culture why, those and iron spent window as, not retained on will disappeared of culture, and exists Yu life, and food clothing live line Yu Le of Palace culture, and will collected and to of iron spent window patterns finishing, and analysis out its five big rules: composition elements, and process workers method, and patterns category, and patterns arranged way, and itself characteristics, in these rules Xia and Tainan culture combined, creation out belongs to Tainan of patterns, will its to " Units of stereo-plane-"three levels, expression from the unit to the plane to solid performance and use different materials to make, produce a series of studies on performance of process, formed the evolution.