Literatura académica sobre el tema "Orality markers"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte las listas temáticas de artículos, libros, tesis, actas de conferencias y otras fuentes académicas sobre el tema "Orality markers".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Orality markers":
1
Baños1, Rocío. "Orality Markers in Spanish Native and Dubbed Sitcoms: Pretended Spontaneity and Prefabricated Orality". Meta 59, n.º 2 (21 de noviembre de 2014): 406–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027482ar.
Resumen
This article reflects on the divergences between translated and non-translated texts, and the specificities of fictional dialogue in audiovisual texts. Research suggests that audiovisual dialogue consists of a combination of linguistic features used in speech and writing, and that both translators and scriptwriters should aim to achieve a balance of these features to create spontaneous-sounding dialogues. Working with an audiovisual corpus of domestic and dubbed sitcoms in Spanish (Siete Vidas and Friends respectively), the purpose of this article is to provide an overview of how Spanish dialogues are shaped from a linguistic point of view across all language levels, highlighting the trends identified in their production and their translation in order to compare them. The results reveal the complex relationship established between speech and writing in audiovisual texts, and disclose the resources used by translators and scriptwriters to carefully plan dialogues which sound credible. Findings also suggest that domestic audiovisual texts bear more resemblance to spontaneous conversation than dubbed texts.
2
Moretti, Paola Francesca. "Is it Possible to Identify ‘Orality’?" Mnemosyne 72, n.º 3 (3 de mayo de 2019): 488–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-12342462.
Resumen
AbstractFirst, based on analysis of some—mostly late—Latin texts that positively reflect actual oral delivery, I present some remarks on structure and frequency of Verb-Phrases ‘auxiliary+infinitive’ as arguable markers of ‘orality’ in Latin. Second, I examine the occurrence of these Verb-Phrases in some works by Ambrose of Milan and show that, on the one hand, the investigation of Verb-Phrases might support the view that the De sacramentis and Explanatio symboli are unrevised catecheses, but, on the other hand, it is of no help in the conjecture of the degree of elaboration undergone by those works that, stemming from an oral homiletic delivery, were later revised in view of publication.
3
STAHNKE, JOHANNA. "Lexical and prosodic routinization in conceptional orality: conversational self-reformulation in French". Journal of French Language Studies 28, n.º 3 (17 de diciembre de 2017): 301–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269517000230.
Resumen
ABSTRACTThe present study investigates the functions and forms of conversational self-reformulation in spoken French. (Self-)Reformulations in general are a typical feature of unplanned and spontaneous conceptional orality (as opposed to conceptional distance; Koch and Oesterreicher, 1985). They exhibit retrospective modification of a reference expression, which is semantically equivalent in paraphrases and semantically different in corrections. The latter are therefore communicatively more problematic with regard to discourse intervention and turn-taking. As for the linguistic marking of self-reformulation, paraphrases are preferably introduced by lexically polyfunctional markers and prosodic deaccentuation, while corrections are marked by lexically monofunctional and prosodically overaccented structures. Since the accessibility to context-dependent forms is specifically related to conceptional orality, a more important linguistic marking of self-reformulation is hypothesized to occur in conceptional orality when compared to conceptional distance. The results of an empirical study contrasting two conceptionally different corpora suggest a generalization of paraphrastic markers in conceptional orality. This tendency is attributed to speaker-strategic routinization in which corrections are re-marked as paraphrases in order to avoid conversational intervention and, as a consequence, turn-taking. When taken over by other speakers, this routine may cause variation and, eventually, linguistic change.
4
Andaluz-Pinedo, Olaia. "Prefabricated orality in theatre translations: An overview based on an English–Spanish parallel corpus". Across Languages and Cultures 23, n.º 1 (9 de mayo de 2022): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/084.2022.00090.
Resumen
Abstract Prefabricated orality is an inherent trait of dramatic texts, given their written-to-be-spoken nature. From the perspective of translation, it has been observed in the literature that rendering this specific mode of discourse into another language poses a major challenge (Baños & Chaume, 2009). However, scant attention has thus far been paid to how prefabricated orality is realised linguistically in translations of theatre plays. This article sets out to offer an overview of syntactic and lexical-semantic features that mirror spoken discourse in a parallel corpus of theatre texts. More specifically, by drawing on an analytical framework proposed for audiovisual texts (Baños, 2014: 414), it aims (1) to verify the presence and incidence of orality markers in the original plays and their translations, and (2) to identify tendencies in translation techniques. Our findings reveal that playwrights and translators resort to a wide range of linguistic features typical of spoken discourse, especially vocatives, repetitions, discourse markers, intensifiers and deixis. In addition, results bring to light the use of different translation options and a possible compensation strategy.
5
Nicklaus, Martina y Goranka Rocco. "Fingierte Mündlichkeit und Übersetzen". Lebende Sprachen 63, n.º 2 (8 de octubre de 2018): 393–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2018-0023.
Resumen
Abstract This paper explores the problems related to the translation of some stilistic means in recent Italian prose, i. e. segments of orality integrated in the original literary narrative. The linguistic analysis, based on a corpus composed of two Italian novels (published in 2010 and 2012 respectively) and their French and German translations, focuses on selected lexical, syntactic and information-structural features and their translations. The first observations tend to confirm some former findings, illustrating the heterogeneity of orality-markers in the originals beside the general trend towards a more or less obvious stylistic attenuation in the target text, but there are also significant interlinguistic differences in the approach to the original text. Furthermore, the discussion of some examples demonstrates how results in linguistic research could provide precious assistance in the translation of orality – if they were accessible in specialised reference works.
6
Kiperwasser, Reuven y Serge Ruzer. "Zoroastrian Proselytes in Rabbinic and Syriac Christian Narratives: Orality-Related Markers of Cultural Identity". History of Religions 51, n.º 3 (febrero de 2012): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/662189.
7
Jucker, Andreas H. "Features of orality in the language of fiction: A corpus-based investigation". Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 30, n.º 4 (29 de septiembre de 2021): 341–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09639470211047751.
Resumen
This paper explores the pervasiveness of features of orality in the language of performed fiction. Features of orality are typical of spontaneous spoken conversations where they are the result of the ongoing planning process and the interaction between the interlocutors, but they also occur in the context of performed fiction (movies and plays) and in narrative fiction (e.g. novels). In these contexts, they are not the result of the spontaneous planning process but are generally produced to imitate such processes. In this paper, I explore a small range of such features (contractions, interjections, discourse markers, response forms and hesitators) in four corpora of performed fiction that have recently become available ( Corpus of American Soap Operas, TV Corpus, Movies Corpus and Sydney Corpus of Television Dialogue) and compare their frequency patterns with spontaneous face-to-face conversations in the Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English and with narrative fiction and academic writing in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). The results confirm that the selected features of orality are used regularly in performed fiction but less frequently than in spontaneous face-to-face interactions while they are rare in narrative fiction and almost entirely absent in academic writing. The results also show that the status of the transcriptions contained in these corpora needs to be assessed very carefully if they are to be used for a study of pragmatic features.
8
Suleiman, Camelia y Daniel C. O’Connell. "Perspective in the discourse of war". Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 13, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2003): 401–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.13.3.03sul.
Resumen
The following article applies both quantitative and qualitative methods of research to markers of perspective in a TV interview of Colin Powell on the CNN LARRY KING LIVE program from November 26, 2001. Perspective is well established in phenomenology and social psychology; its starting point is the conviction that every utterance expresses a point of view. From previous research, we accept the dialogical nature of perspective (see O’Connell & Kowal 1998) and further argue that perspective can be observed through measures of orality and literacy and through referencing (name and pronoun reference). The following measures of orality and literacy are examined: Back channeling hesitations, interruptions, contractions and elisions, first person singular pronominals, interjections and tag questions, and turn transitions from interviewer to interviewee and vice versa. We argue further that Colin Powell’s perspective stresses the division between “we” and “they” with regard to the then imminent involvement in Iraq. Theoretical implications are discussed.
9
Śnieżko, Dariusz. "Pismo i głos jako kategorie poetyki historycznej (liryka XVI wieku) / Writing and Orality as Categories of Historical Poetics (16th Century Verse )". Ruch Literacki 53, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2012): 653–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10273-012-0040-0.
Resumen
Summary In an attempt to validate the role of orality and writing as categories of historical poetics, the article takes a close look at five aspects or criteria of this key distinction. They are the intended use of the text, genre, sensory perception, the morphological criterion, and the criterion of reception and performance. It is hoped that the use of those markers will help us to establish the connections between the macrocosm of the 16th-century communication strategies (and the dynamic inter-relationships between them) and the microcosm of genres, conventions and individual literary works
10
Meier-Vieracker, Simon. "The evolution of football live text commentaries". AILA Review 34, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2021): 274–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aila.21001.mei.
Resumen
Abstract Since the emergence of online live text commentaries on football games in the late 1990s, the genre has undergone continuous change. While linguistic research on the genre of live text commentaries emphasizes its novelty, the genre has existed in football for at least 20 years. However, diachronic studies still lack. This paper presents a corpus linguistic analysis of genre and register-specific features of German live text commentaries from 2003 until 2020. Using quantitative methods, it focuses on the distribution of linguistic features on different linguistic (i.e. syntactical, lexical, graphemic etc.) levels over time. It is shown that various markers, which signal a colloquial register and emulate orality in the written mode, decrease, leading to a more impersonal way of reporting. Moreover, markers of individual perspective decrease in favor of a neutralistic stance. Thus, the evolution of live text commentaries can be described as a process of standardization.
Tesis sobre el tema "Orality markers":
1
Rolph, Deborah. "We didn´t get nuffin': subtitled film as a tool in the teaching of markers of orality". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285033.
Resumen
Esta tesis se centra en la comprensión de subtítulos dentro de su contexto multimedia en el
que, junto con la banda sonora, los sonidos, la entonación vocal, los gestos, las técnicas de
edición e imagen convergen para crear significado.
Lo que se dice es sólo una parte del mensaje, pero la forma en que se dice que forma parte
integrante del mensaje. El cine subtitulado es una herramienta útil para ayudar a los
estudiantes de traducción para mejorar su comprensión de los marcadores de la oralidad.
Si se aprende más sobre los procesos que ayudan a los estudiantes a desarrollar las habilidades
necesarias de traductores competentes entonces la experiencia de aprendizaje se puede
optimizar de manera que los estudiantes adquieran una comprensión más fluida de variantes
socio-culturales de la lengua.
Este estudio se refiere a la comprensión de las variantes sociolingüísticas como se reflejan en
los marcadores de la oralidad presente en el diálogo de las películas. Hay un creciente cuerpo
de investigaciones que demuestran que subtitulan materiales juegan un papel importante en
el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras y cada vez más están siendo promovidas como una
valiosa ayuda para la enseñanza. El presente estudio explora el uso de la película subtitulado
como herramienta en la formación de traductores en relación a establecer si la adquisición del
lenguaje se extiende al lenguaje coloquial familiar culturalmente específico, en concreto los
marcadores de la oralidad. Los factores que se pueden emplear para optimizar la experiencia
de aprendizaje y el impacto adquisicional de tales materiales también son investigados.
La investigación empírica se llevó a cabo en el modo de subtítulos y la posterior comprensión
de los elementos léxicos elegidos entre cinco categorías de marcadores de la oralidad
presentes en los diálogos de la película. Los datos recogidos indican que la comprensión sujeto
varía en función de si ellos ven películas con subtítulos en español o en inglés.
Comprensión de ser consistentemente mejor para aquellos sujetos de visión con subtítulos en
Inglés, lo que indica que los subtítulos intra-linguales con toda la entrada lingüística en la L2
podrían ser una herramienta de enseñanza más eficaz para los marcadores de la oralidad que
subtitulos inter-linguales con el diálogo en la L2 y la subtítulos en la L1. Se analizaron las
diferencias entre los subtítulos en las cinco películas del corpus en un intento de explorar otras
explicaciones para los resultados de la investigación.
El análisis del corpus indica que hay una fuerte tendencia a utilizar la lengua estándar que se
utilizará en español subtítulos para las películas incluidas en el corpus, mientras que los
subtítulos en inglés refleja mucho más de la variación lingüística presente en el diálogo. Se
hacen sugerencias para que las traducciones que reflejen la variación lingüística para mejorar
el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras. La investigación adicional podría llevarse a cabo para
investigar los niveles de comprensión obtenida después de la exposición a tales subtítulos.This thesis focuses on the comprehension of subtitles within their multimedia context in which together with the sound track, sounds, vocal intonation, gestures, editing techniques and image they converge to create meaning. What is said is only part of the message, but the way it is said forms an integral part of the message. Subtitled film is a useful tool in assisting students of translation to enhance their comprehension of markers of orality. If more is learnt about the processes that help students to develop the skills required of competent translators then the learning experience can be optimized and students assisted in becoming more fluent in socio-cultural variants of language. This study is concerned with the comprehension of sociolinguistic variants as reflected in the markers of orality present in film dialogue. There is a growing body of research demonstrating that subtitled materials play a significant role in the acquisition of foreign languages and are increasingly being promoted as a valuable aid to teaching. The present study explores the use of subtitled film as a tool in the training of translators in relation to establishing whether language acquisition extends to culturally specific unfamiliar colloquial language, specifically markers of orality. Factors that can be employed to optimize the learning experience and acquisitional impact of such materials are also investigated. Empirical research was carried out into subtitle mode and subsequent comprehension of lexical items chosen from five categories of markers of orality present in the film dialogues. The data collected indicates that subject comprehension varies according to whether they view films with Spanish or English subtitles. Comprehension being consistently better for those subjects viewing with subtitles in English, indicating that intra-lingual subtitles with all linguistic input in the L2 might be a more effective teaching tool for markers of orality than inter-lingual subtitles with the dialogue in the L2 and the subtitles in the L1. Differences between subtitles in the five films of the corpus were analysed in an attempt to explore other explanations for the research findings. Analysis of the corpus indicates that there is a strong tendency for standard language to be used in Spanish subtitles for the films included in the corpus, whereas the English subtitles reflected considerably more of the linguistic variation present in the dialogue. Suggestions are made for translations that reflect linguistic variation to enhance the learning of foreign languages. Further research could be carried out to investigate levels of comprehension obtained after exposure to such subtitles.
2
Vermander, Pierre. "Les reliefs de la voix. Oralité et écriture en moyen français". Thesis, Paris 3, 2020. https://bsnum.sorbonne-nouvelle.fr/files/original/1338/6773/These_en_cours_de_traitement.pdf.
Resumen
Ce travail se propose d’étudier la représentation de l’oralité dans les textes médiévaux. Il s’agit de remettre en question le terme même de « représentation » en contestant le présupposé implicite d’une équivalence entre systèmes (oral/écrit). La problématique des rapports entre écriture et oralité (I) est introduite par l’examen rapide du phonocentrisme (I, 1). On tentera alors de construire une catégorie des marqueurs d’oralité, fonctionnant en tant que représentations non ressemblantes, afin d’envisager la question sur un plan non pas grammatical mais représentationnel (I, 2). On s’interrogera ensuite sur les particularités médiévales (variation, imprécision, improvisation) ressortissant à l’interaction entre écrit et oral dans notre corpus composite (I, 3). Enfin, on sollicitera nos sources afin d’envisager leurs propres représentations de la parole et de l’écriture, telles que les modalités de la voix et les inscriptions de l’écrit (I, 4). La construction d’une classe linguistique ad hoc nous permettra de prendre en compte les marqueurs d’oralité non pas comme des représentants de l’oralité per se mais comme des occasions d’analyse (II). On utilisera tout d’abord la variance médiévale dans une perspective pragmatique afin de développer un modèle d’analyse permettant la construction d’une pragmaphilologie, i.e. d’un discours sur les fonctions des marqueurs imprégné par leurs possibilités combinatoires (II, 5). À l’aide des apports de l’analyse de conversation, on cherchera ensuite à mesurer leur importance dans l’organisation des tours de parole en les traitant comme des outils graphiques destinés, entre autres, à indiquer le passage ou bien l’interruption d’un tour (II, 6). En se focalisant sur quatre cas particuliers (Oh, Et, Et bien, Hen), nous avons cherché à reprendre à nouveaux frais certaines hypothèses sous-jacentes à la catégorie des marqueurs d’oralité (II, 7). Enfin, à rebours du postulat de délabrement et de la vacuité du jurement apparemment implicités par sa présence massive, on cherchera à montrer que cet acte doit encore être considéré comme efficace (II, 8)This dissertation focuses on medieval orality’s representation. It questions the very notion of « representation » by challenging the fundamental assumption of the equivalency between the oral and written communication systems .The issue of the relationship between writing and orality (I) is introduced through a brief examination of the notion of phonocentrism (I, 1). A category of orality markers involving non-resemblance representational models has been created to address this as a representational rather than a grammatical issue (I, 2). Then we analyze both medieval and oral salient characteristics (variation, imprecision, and improvisation) illustrated by our literary and inquisitorial corpus (I, 3). Finally, we will examine the way our texts depict their own representation of writing and orality (I, 4) The ad hoc development of a new linguistic category allows us to consider the markers of orality as new areas of analysis rather than mere representations of orality (II). The notion of medieval variance will be used to develop an analytical model as the basis for a « pragmaphilology », i.e. a discourse involving the combinatory possibilities of the orality markers (II, 5). Based on concepts of conversation analysis, we will focus on the role of markers as turn-taking organizing devices, including their function as transition or interruption graphic indicators (II, 6). We have considered four specific case studies (Oh, Et, Et bien, Hen) aiming at re-evaluating existing hypotheses about the function of orality markers (II, 7). Finally, our goal is to demonstrate that contrary to the presupposition of the vacuity implicit to their massive presence in medieval texts, swear words should be considered effective means of truth-telling (II, 8)
3
Louviot, Elise. "Les conventions du discours direct dans la poésie narrative vieil-anglaise". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0177/document.
Resumen
Le but de cette thèse est de mettre en évidence, au-delà des spécificités propres à chaque poème, les caractéristiques communes aux emplois du discours direct dans la poésie narrative vieil-anglaise. À cet effet, un groupe de huit textes a été choisi, représentant au mieux la variété du corpus poétique subsistant, tant par leur sujet que par leur style ou leur rapport éventuel à une source connue : Beowulf, la Genèse A et B, Christ et Satan, Andreas, Elene, Juliana et Guthlac A. Il ne s'agit pas ici simplement d'étudier la forme prise par le discours direct, mais aussi ce que cette forme révèle sur la conception que les poètes se faisaient de la parole et de la place de sa représentation dans le récit.La première partie de la thèse cherche à déterminer si les caractéristiques traditionnellement reconnues au discours direct en poésie vieil-anglaise - un goût pour la solennité au détriment de la caractérisation des personnages et du progrès de l'action - sont fondées et si elles concernent également tous les poèmes du corpus.La seconde partie s'intéresse à la nature des voix représentées au discours direct : dans quelle mesure elles permettent d'exprimer une subjectivité (et quel type de subjectivité) et quel est leur statut par rapport à la voix du narrateur.Les résultats indiquent que dans la poésie narrative vieil-anglaise, le discours direct n'est pas conçu comme un objet fondamentalement distinct du récit, ou comme l'expression d'une voix et d'un point de vue autre au sein de la voix du narrateur. Le discours direct apparaît comme une modalité actualisée du récit, un procédé dramatique et didactique qui adopte le même vocabulaire et le même point de vue que le récitThe aim of this work is to identify the shared characteristics of direct speech in Old English narrative poetry, beyond the specificities of each text. So as to best reflect the diversity of the extant poetic corpus (in terms of topic, style or source), eight texts were selected for this study: Beowulf, Genesis A and B, Christ and Satan, Andreas, Elene, Juliana and Guthlac A. The aim of this thesis is not only to examine the form of direct speech, but also what it reveals concerning how poets viewed speech and the place of its representation in narrative.The first section of the thesis tries to determine whether the characteristics traditionally attributed to direct speech in Old English poetry - a taste for formality to the detriment of characterization and the progress of action - are valid and whether they are equally represented in all poems.The second section is concerned with the nature of the voices represented through direct speech: to what extent they express a form of subjectivity (and what type of subjectivity) and what their status is, compared with the narrator's voice.Results show that, in Old English narrative poetry, direct speech is not conceived of as an object radically distinct from narrative, or as the expression of another voice and point of view within the narrative voice. Direct speech appears as an actualized form of narrative, a dramatic and didactic device, using the same vocabulary and the same point of view as the narrative
4
Baek, Koun. "Oral représenté et pragmaticalisation : étude des marqueurs d’oralité dans les textes dramatiques français (XIIIe-XVIIe siècle)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA067.
Resumen
Cette thèse a pour but d’examiner des marqueurs d’oralité dans les textes dramatiques français entre le XIIIe et le XVIIe siècle et de décrire, du point de vue diachronique, leurs parcours d’évolution en termes de « pragmaticalisation ». Comme objet d’étude, nous avons choisi, d’une part, au niveau lexical les interjections primaires et les marqueurs discursifs étant résultant de la pragmaticalisation, et d’autre part, au niveau syntaxique la répétition et la dislocation qui sont considérées comme des constructions « disfluentes », caractéristiques de l’oral. Quant aux marqueurs discursifs (l’un « par ma foi » formé sur le substantif foi, et l’autre décatégorisé à partir de deux adverbes « sus » et « çà »), nous nous concentrons sur leurs pragmaticalisations par des analyses syntaxiques et sémantiques, et pour ce qui est des interjections primaires, nous essayerons de révéler le mode de formation d’une nouvelle expression interjective que nous appellerons « productivité interjective ». En dernier lieu, les deux structures susdites nous permettront de rendre compte de leurs valeurs pragmatiques. Étant donné que les textes dramatiques font une large place à la représentation de l’oral à l’écrit, ce que nous appellons l’« oral représenté », nous tenterons de montrer comment ces marques de l’oral traduisent, à l’écrit, les émotions, les pensées, les attitudes, etc., du locuteur et comment elles acquièrent de nouvelles valeurs pragmatiques dans l’usage qui imite l’usage réel du moyen françaisThis thesis deals with the different markers of orality in the french dramatic texts and, particulary, with their process of evolution in the aspect of the “pragmaticalizations”. First, we focus on the use of the discourse marker which is derived from the propositional syntagme “par ma foi” but also from two adverbes “sus” and “çà”. It focuses on two main points: the process of the pragmaticalization of theses discourse markers and their relations with the orality through analysis of syntactic and semantic properties. Secondly, we examine also the medieval primary interjections and the production of its new combinations. Lastly, in the case of syntactic analysis, we treat two structures which mark the disfluency of sentences ie. dislocation and repetition. In this Thesis, we will reveal how these lexical units and syntactic constructions are used in the medieval play to transfer the locutor’s emotion and thought and how these oral markers receive new pragmatic values in their usages in Middle French
5
Borba, Marcos Xavier. "Mário Quintana em verso e prosa: uma teoria do poético e da leitura". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8779.
Resumen
O maior diferencial entre o trabalho aqui proposto e outros já realizados por doutorandos em literatura brasileira é o olhar voltado para os aspectos lingüísticos. Em outros termos, esta tese visa provar que Mário Quintana foi um poeta da língua, pois soube, como poucos, manejar os recursos expressivos do nosso vernáculo com a finalidade de transmitir sua mensagem poética. Outro objetivo desta pesquisa seria o resgate da obra de Quintana para as novas gerações. Assim, busco analisar de que forma a morfossintaxe, a semântica, a fonética e a estilística em Mário Quintana contribuem para a construção da sua poética. O corpus constitui-se de poemas, prosas poéticas e epigramas pertencentes aos livros Apontamentos de história sobrenatural e Caderno H (não exclusivamente) que são trabalhados estilisticamente nos aspectos lingüístico-literários essenciais. As características principais estudadas são: a intertextualidade, as marcas de oralidade, a poética e a linguagem em Mário QuintanaThe major difference between the work proposed here and the others that have already been performed by experts (PHDs) in Brazilian literature is the focus on linguistic features. In other words, this thesis aims at proving that Mário Quintana was a language poet because he knew how to manipulate the expressive Portuguese resources to communicate his poetic message. Besides, another objetive of this research is to recover Quintanas work for the new generations. So, I intend to analyse, in detail, how morphosintaxes, semantics, phonetics and stylistics in Quintanas work contribute to the construction of his poetics. The corpus consists of poems, poetic proses and epigrams from the books Apontamentos de história sobrenatural and Caderno H (not exclusively) which are analised in the essencial linguistic and literary aspects. The main studied features are Mário Quintanas intertextuality, orality marks, poetics and language
6
Nourzaei, Maryam. "Participant Reference in Three Balochi Dialects : Male and Female Narrations of Folktales and Biographical Tales". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314090.
Resumen
The aim of the present study is to investigate how men and women in three Iranian Balochi dialects, Coastal Balochi, Koroshi Balochi and Sistani Balochi, refer to 3rd person participants in oral narratives of two genres: folktales and biographical tales. The stories that are analysed were recorded during several field trips to Iran and the approach used is that of Levinsohn (1994, 2015). The first part of the dissertation begins with an overview of the Balochi language and its dialects, including a brief presentation of its phonology, and then reviews previous studies of Balochi, before introducing the case system and types of alignment in the three dialects. Chapter 2 introduces the reader to the status of orality in the three dialects, before giving details about the corpus of texts that were analysed. Of particular note is the fact that each story in the corpus was told by both a man and a woman. Chapter 3 examines different approaches to the analysis of participant reference, before comparing those of Gundel et al. and Levinsohn in greater detail. The second part of the dissertation applies Levinsohn’s approach to texts in each of the three dialects in turn. Chapters 4–6 identify and analyse the different ways in which the participants in the stories are referred to when the subject remains the same and in three specific situations when the subject changes. This enables default encoding values to be established for each of the four situations. Motivations for over-encoding and, in some situations, under-encoding, are then identified. Chapters 7–9 investigate whether the gender of the storyteller (male versus female) and/or the genre of the story (folktale versus biographical tale) influence the way that the participants are referred to. This leads in chapter 10 to a gender- and genre-based comparison of participant reference across the present dialects. Conclusions are presented in chapter 11. In general, the participant reference strategy used was the same in all three dialects, regardless of the gender or the genre. The main exception involved reported conversations in Koroshi Balochi, where the additive enclitic ham was attached to the reference to a subject who responded in line with the contents of the speech reported in the previous sentence. Other variations appeared to depend on the degree to which the storyteller was proficient in his or her art. The dissertation concludes with four Appendices. Appendix A presents six texts that were interlinearised using the FLEx programme, while Appendix B consists of participant reference charts of the same texts following Levinsohn’s approach. Appendix C presents details of the case system and alignment for each of the three dialects. Finally, the chart in Appendix D compares the approaches of Levinsohn and of Gundel et al. to participant reference in a specific text. A CD with audio files of the six texts and some photos taken during fieldwork is also available.
7
Zanardi, Luciana de Souza Aguiar. "As marcas de oralidade e a construção da metamensagem em A falecida, de Nelson Rodrigues". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14231.
Resumen
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Luciana de Souza Aguiar Zanardi.pdf: 1430063 bytes, checksum: 66464c5e58584d589085ce2d91c633dd (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-04-19This work studies the orality marks and the manifestation of metamessages at the carioca tragedy, A falecida by Nelson Rodrigues, in order to understand if this literary text can give us linguistic marks able to work as interactional strategies. We aim to understand how a built text, called a second hand corpus, can apply linguistic clues that are typical of orality, and become a reality mimesis, without, however, reproduce it. Based on these concerns, we aim to answer: are there expressive oral marks at the play A falecida by Nelson Rodrigues? For that, we take, as parameters, the Sociolinguistic theoretical fundaments, the Conversation Analysis and the Speech Analysis. We assume that exist, in literature, some authors that are concerned about elaborate texts that aims to reproduce the naturalness of real dialogues. To achieve this spontaneity, however, these authors believe in a language with real syntactic-speech and morpholexicals features typical of orality. When we refer to the first features, we are concerned, at the tragedy A falecida, about the composition and the length of the sentences; the linguistic exchange among the participants of the interaction; the construction mode of the speech; the lack of time for planning and replanning the speeches, and other features. When we analyze the morpholexicals features, we are concerned about finding, at the written play, some marks recurrent in oral texts, like slangs, diminutive, hyperbolic constructions, phonetic transcriptions, and so on. Guided by theoretical concepts developed throughout the work, and submitting our conjectures to the analysis of the excerpts from the play A falecida, selected among so many others texts of the author, due his constant concern to portrait daily life, with its prose and its oral manifestations, we find, at the play, a lot of typical oral traces and observed that this kind of mark in a built text, when used conscious or unconsciously may help in the construction of a lot of implicit messages (or metamessages)
Este trabalho estuda as marcas de oralidade e a manifestação das metamensagens na tragédia carioca, A falecida, de Nelson Rodrigues, a fim de compreender se esse texto literário pode fornecer-nos marcas linguísticas capazes de funcionar como estratégias interacionais. Buscamos entender como um texto construído, um chamado corpus de segunda mão, consegue empregar indícios linguísticos típicos da oralidade a ponto de se tornar uma mimese da realidade, sem, contudo, ser uma reprodução exata desta. Com base nessas inquietações, propusemo-nos a responder: existem marcas orais expressivas na peça A falecida de Nelson Rodrigues? Para isso, tomamos, sobremaneira, como parâmetros, os fundamentos teóricos da Sociolinguística, da Análise da Conversação e da Análise do Discurso. Partimos do pressuposto de que existem, na literatura, alguns autores que se preocupam em elaborar textos que visem a reproduzir a naturalidade dos diálogos reais. Para conseguir essa espontaneidade, entretanto, esses autores apostam em uma linguagem com características sintático-discursivas e morfolexicais típicas da oralidade. Quando nos referimos às primeiras características, levamos em consideração, na obra A falecida, a composição e o tamanho das sentenças; a troca linguística entre os participantes da interação; o modo de construção do discurso, tanto pelo falante como pelo(s) ouvinte(s); a falta de tempo para o planejamento e o replanejamento das falas, entre outros fatores. Quando analisamos as características morfolexicais, preocupamo-nos em encontrar, na peça escrita, algumas marcas recorrentes em textos orais, tais como as gírias, os diminutivos, as construções hiperbólicas, as transcrições fonéticas, entre outros. Pautando-nos nos conceitos teóricos desenvolvidos ao longo do trabalho e submetendo nossas conjeturas à análise de trechos retirados da peça A falecida, selecionada em meio a tantas outras escritas pelo autor, devido à sua constante preocupação em retratar o cotidiano, com seu prosaísmo e suas manifestações orais, localizamos, na peça, muitos índices tipicamente orais e observamos que esse tipo de marca em um texto construído, quando usado de forma consciente ou quando empregado inconscientemente pode auxiliar na construção de muitas mensagens implícitas (ou metamensagens)
8
Fonseca, Aytel Marcelo Teixeira da. "As cartas dos leitores de jornal na sala de aula: as marcas de oralidade como estratégias estilístico-argumentativas". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4496.
Resumen
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA presente pesquisa, com base na concepção sociointeracional de linguagem, sustenta a hipótese de que as marcas de oralidade, longe de configurarem problemas textuais a serem eliminados dos textos, podem ser empregadas estrategicamente em cartas dos leitores, com finalidades expressivas e argumentativas, de modo a se recriar uma ambiência oral na escrita, manifestando-se sentimentos do autor e envolvendo o leitor na problemática discutida. Partindo-se dessa hipótese, comprovada com o estudo detalhado de vinte e cinco cartas publicadas em O Globo entre agosto e dezembro de 2010, remodelam-se determinados aspectos teóricos, como as definições de leitura, de escrita, de expressividade e de argumentação, e defende-se uma prática pedagógica em que se considere o aluno um estrategista da linguagem, o qual, rechaçando macetes e outros dogmatismos linguísticos, faz uso intencional dos traços de fala em seus textos. O enfoque da pesquisa recai, portanto, tanto em aspectos teóricos quanto em questões ligadas ao fazer pedagógico
The present research, based on the social interactionist language theory, sustain the hypothesis that orality marks, far away from being textual problems to be eliminated from texts, can be strategically used on readers letters to recreate an oral ambience in writing with expressive and argumentative purposes, manifesting authors feelings and involving reader on discussed problematic. Starting from this hypothesis, corroborated by detailed studies on twenty-five letters published between August and December 2010 in O Globo, some theoretical aspects are remodeled, like reading, writing, expressivity and argumentation definitions, and a pedagogical practice which considers the student a language strategist, someone that rejects cheats and other language dogmatisms as he uses intentional speak traces in his texts, is defended. The research focus concentrates,therefore, in theoretical aspects and questions about the pedagogical doings
9
Carmo, Teresinha de Oliveira. "Estratégias conversacionais: marcas de interação linguística na obra de João Antônio Malagueta, Perus e Bacanaço". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14286.
Resumen
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Teresinha de Oliveira Carmo.pdf: 1588162 bytes, checksum: 0b5ab3d1422a2e76a8dab91646f225cf (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-02-26Secretaria do Estado e Educação
This research has as its purpose to emphasize the conversational strategies that the characters utilize to interact in communicative situations. The purpose of the current work is for it to be applied to the teaching of the Portuguese Language. Aiming thus for the awareness that working oral language goes beyond reading out loud. Also have the student understand the importance of studying the marks of orality present in texts. Contribute to form a conscience society, less prejudice and knowledgeable of the linguistics variations and know how to adapt them to its convivial. Therefore, we utilized the tale Malagueta, Perus, and Bacanaço by João Antônio as corpus. In the tale, the author describes the trickery of the center of São Paulo tracing a parallel between what is real the fight for survival by a marginalized class in the end of the 50th decade and the fiction, a vivid adventure lived by Malagueta, Perus, and Bacanaço, who are passionate about the game of pool. We searched in the work the marks of oralities and expressions that were used by the author as strategies, mainly, of interaction. Beyond identifying which mechanisms of comicality in the present narrative contributed to a greater clarity and enrichment of the work. The author utilizes humoristic mechanism that contribute on taking the reader to have fun, reflect, and be offended with the events, sometimes, apparently banal, but with marks of violence implicit in the text. So theoretically we base research in interactional sociolinguistics with prof. Dino Preti, in conversation analysis, with Marcuschi and discourse analysis, with Eni Orlandi. Since this research, one can notice that the conversational strategies, contribute to provide us with expressive examples of language in the São Paulo sub world
Esta pesquisa tem como intento destacar as estratégias conversacionais que as personagens utilizam para interagirem em situações comunicativas. O presente trabalho tem como finalidade ser aplicado ao ensino de Língua Portuguesa, visando, dessa forma, a conscientização de que trabalhar a linguagem oral vai além da leitura em voz alta. Também pretende levar o aluno a compreender a importância de estudar as marcas de oralidade presentes nos textos, contribuir para formar uma sociedade consciente, menos preconceituosa e conhecedora das variações linguísticas, bem como saber adequá-las ao seu convívio. Para tanto, utilizamos como corpus o conto Malagueta, Perus e Bacanaço , de João Antônio. No conto, o autor descreve a malandragem do centro paulistano, traçando um paralelo entre o que é real a luta pela sobrevivência de uma classe marginalizada no final da década de 50 e a ficção, construindo uma aventura vivida por Malagueta, Perus e Bacanaço, apaixonados pelo jogo de sinuca. Buscamos na obra as marcas de oralidades e expressões que foram empregadas pelo autor como estratégias, principalmente, de interação. Além de identificar quais os mecanismos de comicidade presentes na narrativa que contribuem para uma maior clareza e enriquecimento da obra. O autor utiliza mecanismos humorísticos que contribuem para levar o leitor a divertir-se, refletir, interagir e indignar-se com os acontecimentos, às vezes, aparentemente banais, porém com marcas de violências implícitas no contexto. Sendo assim, fundamentamos teoricamente a pesquisa na sociolinguística interacional com o prof. Dino Preti; na análise da conversação, com Marcuschi e na análise do discurso, com Eni Orlandi. A partir da pesquisa, pode-se perceber que as estratégias conversacionais, assim como as marcas de interação linguísticas, evidenciados no conto, contribuíram para fornecernos exemplos expressivos da linguagem do submundo paulistano
10
Wang, Lurong. "Immigration, Literacy, and Mobility: A Critical Ethnographic Study of Well-educated Chinese Immigrants’ Trajectories in Canada". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/27608.
Resumen
This dissertation interrogates the deficit assumptions about English proficiency of skilled immigrants who were recruited by Canadian governments between the late 1990s and early 2000s. Through the lens of literacy as social practice, the eighteen-month ethnographic qualitative research explores the sequential experiences of settlement and economic integration of seven well-educated Chinese immigrant professionals. The analytical framework is built on sociocultural approaches to literacy and learning, as well as the theories of discourses and language reproduction. Using multiple data sources (observations, conversational interviews, journal and diary entries, photographs, documents, and artifacts collected in everyday lives), I document many different ways that well-educated Chinese immigrants take advantage of their language and literacy skills in English across several social domains of home, school, job market, and workplace.
Examining the trans-contextual patterning of the participants’ language and literacy activities reveals that immigrant professionals use literacy as assistance in seeking, negotiating, and taking hold of resources and opportunities within certain social settings. However, my data show that their language and literacy engagements might not always generate positive consequences for social networks, job opportunities, and upward economic mobility. Close analyses of processes and outcomes of the participants’ engagements across these discursive discourses make it very clear that the monolithic assumptions of the dominant language shape and reinforce structural barriers by constraining their social participation, decision making, and learning practice, and thereby make literacy’s consequences unpredictable. The deficit model of language proficiency serves the grounds for linguistic stereotypes and economic marginalization, which produces profoundly consequential effects on immigrants’ pathways as they strive for having access to resources and opportunities in the new society.
My analyses illuminate the ways that language and literacy create the complex web of discursive spaces wherein institutional agendas and personal desires are intertwined and collide in complex ways that constitute conditions and processes of social and economic mobility of immigrant populations. Based on these analyses, I argue that immigrants’ successful integration into a host country is not about the mastery of the technical skills in the dominant language. Rather, it is largely about the recognition and acceptance of the value of their language use and literacy practice as they attempt to partake in the globalized new economy.
Libros sobre el tema "Orality markers":
1
Li, Wai-Yee. Concepts of Authorship. Editado por Wiebke Denecke, Wai-Yee Li y Xiaofei Tian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.24.
Resumen
What are the words and phrases used to designate authorship in classical Chinese literature? What are the anecdotes and stories told to emblematize or dramatize the contexts and meanings of authorship? How does the attribution to or the invention of an author define or control the meanings of a text? How do markers of authorial presence function in a text? How does genre shape authorial voice? How do anonymous texts generate authors? How do images of authors (as distinct from historical actors) produce texts? Many scholars believe that authorship becomes increasingly individualistic and self-conscious for the period covered by this volume. How valid is this historical trajectory? In exploring these questions, this chapter examines notions of orality, textual authority, textual transmission, patronage, commentary, editorial labor, forgery, anonymity, originality, imitation, and collective authorship.
2
Charalel, Resmi A. y Martin R. Prince. Contrast Agents. Editado por Bradley B. Pua, Anne M. Covey y David C. Madoff. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190276249.003.0003.
Resumen
Imaging is reliant upon the contrast between different body elements, which may be present naturally or may require the introduction of extrinsic contrast agents. Since the 1920s, the use of contrast agents has been refined to enhance the diagnostic potential of multiple imaging modalities. Contrast agents are a vital part of diagnosis and treatment algorithms involving image guidance. Given the wealth of contrast agents on the market, a basic understanding of the various types is critical for budding interventional radiologists who need to use such agents judiciously on a daily basis. Such contrast agents may be administered intravenously, intraarterially, intrathecally, orally, via inhalation, transrectally, or via indwelling tubes or catheters cannulating a specific viscus. In this chapter, we review the key categories, contraindications, and alternatives for such agents, with special attention to their use in an interventional radiology (IR) practice.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Orality markers":
1
"Chapter Two. Memory And Visualization In Homeric Discourse Markers". En Orality, Literacy, Memory in the Ancient Greek and Roman World, 35–64. BRILL, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004169913.i-284.15.
2
"Orality and Aurality in the Ancient World". En Hearing Mark's Endings, 3–19. BRILL, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047417613_006.
3
"Chapter Two. Mark’s Written Gospel, Orality-Aurality, And Memory". En Mark's Memory Resources and the Controversy Stories (Mark 2:1-3:6), 41–70. BRILL, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004179622.i-344.11.
4
"The (mis)rendering of informationally marked structures in fictive orality: English in situ accent-shift into Catalan". En The Translation of Fictive Dialogue, 185–98. Brill | Rodopi, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789401207805_013.
5
Bessard, Fanny. "Conclusion to Part I". En Caliphs and Merchants, 99–100. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855828.003.0005.
Resumen
In certain respects, the development of urban retailing and crafts in the Near East from 700 to 950 was a natural response to the Muslim conquests, which joined up the late Roman and Persian trading zones. Still, it was not a self-generated process. Archaeological and textual sources reveal the prominent role that Muslim imperial authority played in the patronage of urban market and production spaces, possibly from as early as the late seventh century. While literary testimonies unanimously depict ‘Abbāsid sovereigns as more coercive in provincial life and the patronage of urban economy to support imperial propaganda, we can extrapolate from earlier accounts orally transmitted that caliphs and governors pursued an active investment policy as early as the rule of ‘Abd al-Malik in the late seventh and early eighth centuries....
6
De Brose, Robert. "Translating Pindar as Oral Poetry. The Role of a Hermeneutics of Performance". En zeta-textperformances, 287–302. Zeta Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/202114.
Resumen
In this article I shall discuss Pindar’s epinicians as an orally marked form of speech known as aînos, that is, a form of coded speech that demands from the audience the correct interpretation if those who hear it want to be included among the kaloi k’agathoi, i. e., the noble and wise. I shall try and argue that Pindar was himself very aware of the need of an instantaneous hermeneutical ability by his audiences, to the point of declaring, in O. 2.83–86 that “I have many swift arrows in the quiver under my arm, resounding to the wise, but for the rest interpreters are lacking” (hermeneúōn khatízei). In the course of my discussion, I will briefly delineate a hermeneutical approach to translating Pindar’s epinicians as oral poetry intended for public performance.
7
Viktor, Bottka, Repa Lukas y Rousseva Ekaterina. "Part III Outcomes of an Investigation, 6 Ordinary Procedure: From Initiation of Proceedings to the Adoption of a Final Decision". En EU Antitrust Procedure. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-ocl/9780198839866.003.0006.
Resumen
This chapter looks at the procedural steps from formal initiation of proceedings to the adoption of a prohibition decision—with possible fines and remedies—and indicates the circumstances in which a decision to close a case will be adopted. If the European Commission decides to pursue a case, it will initiate proceedings with a formal decision. The decision for initiating proceedings is addressed to the legal entities comprising the undertakings suspected of an antitrust infringement. After the initiation of proceeding, the Commission will adopt a statement of objections (SO). The SO sets out the Commission’s preliminary view as to why the undertakings’ market behaviour may constitute an infringement of Article 101 and/or Article 102 TFEU. Once the SO is sent, the parties are given access to the file and can exercise their right to reply to the SO in writing. If the objections are maintained after the parties have replied to the SO and/or have been orally heard, the Commission will proceed by adopting a prohibition decision pursuant to Article 7 of Regulation 1/2003.
8
Galewicz, Cezary. "Ritual, Ascetic, and Meditative Practice in the Veda and Upaniṣads". En The Oxford History of Hinduism, 35–61. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733508.003.0002.
Resumen
This chapter examines ascetic and meditation practices as borne witness to in the ancient scriptures of Hinduism, the Vedas and Upaniṣads. Close to the appearance of Buddhism towards the sixth or fifth century BCE, the already rich textual heritage of the Veda emerged as a canonical collection rearranged for ritual use. Most of its texts had been composed centuries earlier, beginning in the north-west areas of the Greater Punjab, and continued to grow while transmitted orally over a period of several centuries. All that accompanied a slow movement towards east and south of the Vedic tribes and clans. They fought and formed alliances among themselves and with others in the process of growing cultural synthesis. The complex Vedic canon represents a religion which modern scholarship chose to name either Vedism or Vedic Hinduism as preceding that of Brahmanism and later traditions of Hinduism. It also bears witness to a marked emphasis on ritual practice of a decidedly elite character. The late phase of its oral canonization has been recently considered as redefinition in the face either of the universal call of Buddhism or the challenge of the written media of the neighbouring Persian Empire. This chapter examines these developments.
9
Gurukkal, Rajan. "Knowledge Production". En History and Theory of Knowledge Production, 51–108. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199490363.003.0003.
Resumen
The chapter traces the non-European roots of specialized knowledge production in the ancient times as illustrated by the civilizations of the Indian and the Chinese regions. Examining the archaeology and ethno-archaeology of remains of the civilizations in the valleys of the Indus and Yellow rivers, we try and capture the earliest knowledge in crafts production technology such as architecture, metallurgy, lapidary, and ceramics. Orally transmitted Vedic knowledge, eschatology, metaphysics, grammar, phonetics, astronomy, the post-Vedic systems of thought, Ayurvedic knowledge, architecture, nature of metallurgical texts, the Indian and Chinese textual traditions, and epistemological traces constitute other contents of the chapter. This chapter underscores the early India’s methodologically distinct aphoristic structure of stating truth as astute observations generalized as self-validated principles, the logic of which corresponds to that of mathematical equations or formulas. It discusses the history of mathematical astronomy. A distinct epistemic shift is explicit in India’s astronomy of fourteenth to sixteenth centuries CE. Mādhava of Sangamagrāma (c. 1340–1425 CE) in Kerala marks the beginnings of this shift through his path-breaking mathematical advances in conceptualizing infinite series. The chapter ends with a concise discussion of the Chinese history of knowledge systems across the material cultures
10
Sanderson, Jeremy y Peter Irving. "Ulcerative colitis". En Oxford Textbook of Medicine, editado por Jack Satsangi, 2937–50. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0307.
Resumen
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic relapsing and remitting disease in which chronic inflammation affects the rectum and extends proximally to a variable extent. The precise aetiology remains unknown but involves an interplay between reduced diversity in the gut microbiota and a genetically dysregulated gut immune system and epithelial barrier. Typical presentation of mild or moderate disease is with a gradual onset of symptoms including diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, and the passage of mucus. Severe disease is characterized by anorexia, nausea, weight loss, and severe diarrhoea, with the patient likely to look unwell with fever, tachycardia, and other signs of volume depletion, and the abdomen may be distended and tympanitic, with reduced bowel sounds and marked colonic tenderness. Diagnosis is usually made on the basis of exclusion of infective colitis by stool culture and the finding of typical diffuse inflammation in the rectum and above at sigmoidoscopy. Management requires rapid control of symptoms with induction therapy followed by maintenance of remission. Mild disease is typically treated with 5-aminosalicyclic acid delivered both orally and by enema, and moderate disease by 5-aminosalicyclic acid and steroids. Patients with severe disease require hospital admission, intravenous steroids, and daily review by both a physician and a surgeon experienced in the management of ulcerative colitis. Ciclosporin or infliximab are used as rescue therapies for steroid-resistant acute severe ulcerative colitis, but colectomy should not be delayed when this is required. Maintenance therapy with immunomodulators and biological therapies are both effective at maintaining remission, and several new biologicals are in clinical trials.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Orality markers":
1
De Clerck, F., B. Xhonneux, L. Van Gorp, J. Beetens y P. A. J. Janssen. "S2-SEROTONERGIC RECEPTOR INHIBITION (KETANSERIN), COMBINED WITH THROMBOXANE A2/PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDE RECEPTOR BLOCKADE (BM 13177) : ENHANCED ANTI-PLATELET EFFECT". En XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643464.
Resumen
Subsequent to an initial activation, several products are released from the platelets, and -potentially- contribute to the recruitment of new cells to build up the eventual platelet haemostatic plug or thrombus. Among the various accussates, serotonin as well as the arachidonic acid derivatives thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin endoperoxides (PGEND) seem to be involved as causative mediators, in particular when acting in concert on the same target cells. Indeed, in vitro at concentrations achievable after oral administration to man, either ketanserin (K), an S2-serotonergic receptor antagonist or BM 13177 (BM), an antagonist at TXA2/PGEND receptors, pre-incubated separately for 5 rain at 37°C with human citrated platelet-rich plasma, reduces to some extent the rate of the second-wave, irreversible platelet aggregation elicited by critical concentrations (1 to 2 × 10−6 M) of ADP. However, the combindation of both agonists results in a significantly more pronounced inhibition than achieved with the single products (K 1 × 10−7 M : 26.1 ± S.E.M. 9.9 %, n = 8. p < 0.05; BM 1 × 10−77 M : 25.1 ± S.E.M. 8.7%, n = 8, p < 0.05; K ± BM at 1 × 10−7 M each ; 65.5 ± S.E.M. 10.3 %, n = 8; p < 0.05 versus K or BM separately). In vivo in rats, a modest prolongation of the bleeding time occurs with K (1.25 mg/kg orally -2 h : 410 sec, median values n = 9, p < 0.05) but not with BM (40 mg/kg orally, -2 h : 250 sec, n = 9) in comparison with controls (190 sec, n = 9); the amount of initial blood loss as a parameter for anti-vasoconstriction is significantly increased by K (140.4 μl/30 sec) but not by BM (77.2 μl/30 sec) in comparison with controls (35 μl/30 sec). Again, the combined treatment with both agonists results in a marked prolongation of the bleeding times (> 2065 sec, n = 9, p < 0.05) without further significant increase of the initial blood loss, indicating the interplay between serotonin and TXA2/PGEND to be of primary importance for the aggregation of platelets in damaged vessels.