Artículos de revistas: "Organic-inorganic c"

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Mandowska, E., A. Mandowski, B. Marczewska y P. Bilski. "Organic–inorganic detectors with Al2O3:C microcrystallites". Radiation Measurements 71 (diciembre de 2014): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2014.03.007.

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Šimon, T. y A. Czakó. "Influence of long-term application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil properties". Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 7 (2 de julio de 2014): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/264/2014-pse.

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This study assesses the effect of long-term (59 years) application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil organic matter and enzyme activity. Total organic C, total organic N, hot water soluble C, microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity were evaluated in soil from the long-term field experiment in Prague-Ruzyně (Orthic Luvisol, clay loam). Total organic C and N increased significantly in soils treated with organic fertilizers (farmyard manure, compost) and in soils with a combination of organic and mineral NPK fertilizers (manure + NPK, compost + NPK, cattle manure + straw + NPK) compared to soil treated with inorganic fertilizer, cattle slurry + straw and non-fertilized control. Farmyard manure significantly increased hot water soluble C compared to the control. Dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased by all treatments compared to control. The results indicate that additions of organic matter from various sources differ in the effects on soil organic matter and biological activity. The effect of manure was the most favourable; long-term application of cattle slurry + straw is rather similar to mineral fertilization.

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Nagy, Péter Tamás, Tibor Filep y Sándorné Kincses. "A szervetlen-C és a szerves-C mennyiségének változása egy homoktalajban, meszezés hatására". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n.º 1 (27 de marzo de 2002): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/3512.

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The effect of liming on different organic and inorganic carbon forms in soil was studied in a pot experiment on acidic sandy soil (pH(H2O)=4.38; pH(KCl)=3.42). We used three kinds of liming doses (which were signed M1, M2, M3,). M1 was half of the M2 dose; M2 was the calculated lime dose and M3 was one and the half dose of M2. Lime (CaCO3) was mixed into the soil in powdery form. In addition to liming treatments, a uniform N, P and K treatment (1-1-1g N, P2O5 and K2O per pot) was given. Water supply was set up to 75% field water capacity of soil. Pots were watered daily. During the vegetation period soil and plant (oats; Avena sativa L.) samples were taken from each treatment three times (after 6-10-15 weeks). We determined inorganic- and total-C of the soil by Vario EL element analyser (based on dry combustion method) and calculated the organic-C.The conclusions can be summarized as follows:– Liming treatments had a significant positive effect on the soil-pH and caused quantitative change of different carbon forms of soil.– Increasing tendency of liming doses caused more intensive changes in inorganic- and organic-C forms of soil.– A significant correlations was found between the soil pH and the inorganic-C fraction of soil.– A decreasing correlation was found between the vegetation period and the organic-C fraction.

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Wang, Qi, Zhen Liu, Peng Song y Lu Fei Tian. "Preparation of Organic-Inorganic Core-Shell Particles and Influence on Corrosion Resistance of Cement". Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (agosto de 2010): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.185.

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Porous materials were prepared by sintering using C as place holder and SiO2 as based, mixed with paraffin. Then Organic-inorganic Core-shell Particles were made by crushed. With the help of XRD and SEM, on the 60°C Study on Sulfate-Corrosion Resistance of cement Mixed with Organic-inorganic Core-shell of Preparation. The Organic-inorganic Core-shell Particles made by accounted of C 15% and heat preservation 4h in 920°C were the best. The results showed that when the content of Organic-inorganic Core-shell Particles was 15%, the Sulfate-Corrosion Resistance reached the climax.

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Armstrong, N. R., K. W. Nebesny, G. E. Collins, L. K. Chau, P. A. Lee, C. England, D. Diehl, M. Douskey y B. A. Parkinson. "Dye aggregates and organic superlattices formed by organic-inorganic molecular beam epitaxy". Thin Solid Films 216, n.º 1 (agosto de 1992): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(92)90875-c.

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WANG, Huihui, Hitoshi OHNUKI, Hideaki ENDO y Mitsuru IZUMI. "Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Ultra-Thin Films Applied to Glucose Biosensor". IEICE Transactions on Electronics E94-C, n.º 12 (2011): 1855–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e94.c.1855.

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Bartlett, P. N. "Electron Transfer in Inorganic, Organic and Biological Systems." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 328, n.º 1-2 (julio de 1992): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(92)80197-c.

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Kaur, Mandeep, Opinder Kaur, Rahul Badru, Sandeep Kaushal y Pritpal Singh. "Ionic Liquid Assisted C-C Bond Formation". Current Organic Chemistry 24, n.º 16 (9 de noviembre de 2020): 1853–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824999200801022221.

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With their ability to dissolve inorganic as well as organic materials, ionic liquids have emerged as a versatile solvent system for a diverse range of organic transformations. In the past few decades, the literature has witnessed remarkable advances in a wide range of organic conversions carried out in the presence of various imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, quinolinium and diazobicyclo-octane based ionic liquids. In the reaction, ionic liquids serve as a solvent, catalyst or sometimes both. In certain cases, they are also modified with metal nanoparticles or complexes to form heterogeneous catalysts or are immobilized onto solid support like agar-agar to act as solid-support catalysts. Reactions catalysed by ionic liquids incorporating chiral catalysts possess the advantageous features of being highly enantioselective and reproducible, besides being economical and easy to handle. In this review, an updated insight regarding the role played by ionic liquids in various C-C bond-forming organic reactions, has been summarized.

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Krief, Alain, Cathy Delmotte y Catherine Colaux-Castillo. "Reactions involving inorganic compounds". Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, n.º 9 (1 de enero de 2000): 1709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072091709.

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Selenium chemistry became, over the last 30 years, particularly useful for synthetic organic chemistry [1]. Inorganic as well as organic selenium compounds allow transformation which otherwise cannot be done or require much more drastic conditions to proceed. We have over the last 25 years explored the reactivity of elemental selenium as well as its inorganic and organic derivatives. We report here our recent finding concerning (i) organic diselenols and -diselenolates and (ii) the role of selenoxides in the enantioselective dihydroxylation of C,C double bonds using catalytic amounts of osmium tetroxide.

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HU, CHENG, SHUANG-LAI LI, YAN QIAO, DONG-HAI LIU y YUN-FENG CHEN. "EFFECTS OF 30 YEARS REPEATED FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS ON SOIL PROPERTIES, MICROBES AND CROP YIELDS IN RICE–WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEMS". Experimental Agriculture 51, n.º 3 (18 de noviembre de 2014): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479714000350.

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SUMMARYLong-term fertilization experiment has been conducted since 1981 to study the effect of soil management practices on soil fertility, soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration, soil culturable microbe counts and crop yields at the Nanhu Experimental Station in the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences (situated in the middle reach of the Yangtze River and the rice–wheat cropping system). The experiment was designed with the following eight treatments: (1) unfertilized treatment: Control; (2) inorganic nitrogen fertilizer treatment: N; (3) inorganic nitrogen plus inorganic phosphorus fertilizer treatment: NP; (4) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus plus inorganic potassium fertilizer treatment: NPK; (5) pig dung compost (manure) treatment: M; (6) inorganic nitrogen fertilizer plus manure: NM; (7) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer plus manure treatment: NPM and (8) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, inorganic potassium fertilizer plus manure treatment: NPKM. The results showed that long-term application of organic manure in combination with inorganic fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) increased soil organic C concentrations compared with the corresponding inorganic fertilizers alone. Soil organic C contents were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in balanced application of NPK fertilizers in comparison to unbalanced application of fertilizers. After 30 years of experiment, soil organic C and total N sequestration rate averagely were 0.48 t ha−1 year−1 and 28.3 kg ha−1 year−1 in the fertilized treatments respectively; nevertheless, it were 0.27 t ha−1 year−1 and 9.7 kg ha−1 year−1 in the unfertilized treatment. Application of organic fertilizer in combination with inorganic fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) increased culturable microbial counts compared with the corresponding inorganic fertilizers alone. The balanced application of NPK fertilizers significantly (p < 0.05) increased culturable microbial counts compared with unbalanced application of fertilizers. The average grain yield of wheat and rice was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer treatment than in inorganic fertilizer alone and unfertilized control. Therefore, long-term application of organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer and balanced application of NPK fertilizers could increase soil organic C and total N sequestration, culturable microbial counts and crop grain yields.

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Cintya, Henni, Jansen Silalahi, Effendy De Lux Putra y Rikson Siburian. "The Influence of Fertilizer on Nitrate, Nitrite and Vitamin C Contents in Vegetables". Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, n.º 5 (4 de octubre de 2018): 2614–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340552.

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The aim of this study was to examine the influence of fertilization on nitrate, nitrite, and vitamin C contents in vegetables. All seedlings (mustard, bokchoy, spinach, and lettuce) were grown in the greenhouse in polybags with organic and inorganic fertilizers. Nitrite was derivitized with sulfanilic acid and N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride in acetic acid solution, then absorbance measured by spectrophotometer at 540 nm. Nitrate reduced to nitrite by adding zincum powder in acidic condition, then determined as nitrite. Vitamin C was titrated with 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol.The study show that the influence of organic fertilizers increased nitrate, nitrite and vitamin C contents with increasing doses. Inorganic fertilizers was found to be more influential to increase nitrite and nitrate contents, but decreased vitamin C with increasing doses.This findings suggest that inorganic fertilizers more effective to increase nitrate and nitrite contents compared to organic fertilizers. Organic fertilization increased vitamin C, but inorganic fertilization decreased.

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Pu, X. Z., G. J. Zhang, P. P. Zhang, Y. J. Liu y W. F. Zhang. "Effects of straw management, inorganic fertiliser, and manure amendment on soil microbial properties, nutrient availability, and root growth in a drip-irrigated cotton field". Crop and Pasture Science 67, n.º 12 (2016): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp16230.

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Organic amendments not only improve soil conditions but also affect belowground biological processes. This study used a split plot design to investigate the effects of cotton straw management, inorganic fertiliser, and manure amendment on (i) soil nutrient content, (ii) soil microbial properties, and (iii) cotton root growth in a drip-irrigated cotton field. Straw return significantly increased soil inorganic nitrogen (N), N transformation rates, organic carbon (C), and urease activity. Straw return, however, had no significant effect on either root growth or activity. Inorganic fertiliser and/or manure amendment significantly increased inorganic N, N transformation rates, organic C, microbial biomass C, urease activity, and invertase activity. Inorganic fertiliser and/or manure also significantly increased fine root growth, triphenyltetrazolium chloride-reducing capacity, and specific root length. Moreover, the inorganic fertiliser plus manure treatment had the greatest soil inorganic N concentrations, N mineralisation rate, total carbon dioxide efflux, C mineralisation rate, soil organic C concentration, microbial biomass C concentration and enzyme activity, as well as root biomass, fine root : coarse root ratio, root triphenyltetrazolium chloride-reducing capacity and specific root length. Straw return to inorganically fertilised soil increased inorganic N concentrations by 11%, net N mineralisation rate by 59%, net nitrification by 59%, gross nitrification by 14%, denitrification by 39%, and urease activity by 25% compared with inorganic fertiliser alone. Taken together, the results indicated that straw return and manure application significantly promoted soil microbial activity and soil N transformation in the presence of inorganic fertiliser. The manure amendment enabled the crop to develop a more extensive root system, primarily by increasing the number of fine roots. Thus, organic amendments may improve the acquisition efficiency of inorganic fertiliser in drip-irrigated cotton fields.

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Mossmann, Jean-Remi, Andrew C. Aplin, Charles D. Curtis y Max L. Coleman. "Geochemistry of inorganic and organic sulphur in organic-rich sediments from the Peru Margin". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 55, n.º 12 (diciembre de 1991): 3581–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90057-c.

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Kang, Eun-Seok, Jang-Ung Park y Byeong-Soo Bae. "Effect of organic modifiers on the thermo-optic characteristics of inorganic–organic hybrid material films". Journal of Materials Research 18, n.º 8 (agosto de 2003): 1889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0264.

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The thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) of inorganic–organic hybrid material films prepared by the sol-gel process of organoalkylsilanes is measured using a prism coupler equipped with a hot stage. The effect of the organic modifier on the variation of dn/dT in inorganic–organic hybrid material films has been investigated. The value of dn/dT becomes more negative with increasing molecular weight of the organic modifier or with an increase in the proportion of modifier in the sample. On the other hand, dn/dT increases with an increase in the degree of organic photopolymerization. From these results, it can be seen that the value of dn/dT in these films can be varied between −0.83 × 10−4/°C to −2.43 × 10−4/°C by changing the organic modifier concentration and type.

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15

Hou, Jianfeng y Haiwang Wang. "Synthesis and Characterization of Organic–Inorganic Complex". Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2021): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2947.

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An new method is described for fabricating BiFeO3@PVDF composites using sultraviolet light to motivate the surface electronic of BFO conduct reduction system. The synthesis scheme consists of: (a) preparation of BiFeO3 nano particles using Hydrothermal synthesis method. (b) oxidation of the PVDF powders in the effect of the mixed gas (ozone and dioxygen) and sultraviolet light. (c) redox reaction of the oxidated PVDF and BiFeO3 nano particles in the effect of sultraviolet light. The synthesized BiFeO3@PVDF composites show that this method could increase the compatibility between PVDF and BiFeO3 nano particles. Moreover, a formation mechanism for the composite is proposed.

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Cortalezzi, Maria. "Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Electrolyte Membrane Achieves Thermal Stability above 100°C". MRS Bulletin 29, n.º 6 (junio de 2004): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2004.111.

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17

Jafarpour, Maasoumeh, Fahimeh Feizpour y Abdolreza Rezaeifard. "Aerobic benzylic C–H oxidation catalyzed by a titania-based organic–inorganic nanohybrid". RSC Advances 6, n.º 60 (2016): 54649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra10191g.

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Kapoor, Tanvi, Ramesh Chauhan y Hukam Chand. "Impacts of Different Management Practices on Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil in Mid-Hill, Sub-Humid Zone-II of Himachal Pradesh". Current World Environment 10, n.º 3 (25 de diciembre de 2015): 934–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.3.24.

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A study was conducted at Hill Agricultural Research and Extension centre Bajaura of CSK HP Krishi Vishvavidayalaya, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh to investigate the Impacts of different management practices on physical as well as chemical properties of the soil. Sample analysis of three management practices i.e. organic, inorganic and integrated revealed that, water holding capacity was found to be highest in organic treatment (50.8%), followed by integrated (44.9%) and least in inorganic (40.2%) whereas field capacity of the three farming systems followed an order as integrated > organic> inorganic treatment. The bulk density of the soil was in the range of 1.36-1.58 Mg cm-2 in the three farming systems and the value was highest in inorganic treatment and lowest in organic treatment. The organic carbon content of soil was highest (1.8 Kg g-1) in organic treatment followed by integrated and lowest (0.75 Kg g-1) in inorganic treatment. The available nitrogen was found to be lowest in integrated treatment followed by organic and inorganic. Cation exchange capacity was found to be highest (16.58 c mol (+) kg‑1) in organic and lowest (10.82 c mol(+) kg‑1) in inorganic practice. Hence organic agriculture practice is best for the restoration of agricultural lands and an environmentally sound and inexpensive way to sustainably intensify crop production on marginal land as well as improving the ecology of the soil environment.

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Liu, Lehui, Zhiyong Bai, Lei Hu, Dongshan Wei, Zhoubin Lin y Lizhen Zhang. "A melamine-based organic–inorganic hybrid material revealing excellent optical performance and moderate thermal stability". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, n.º 23 (2021): 7452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc01819a.

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An ultraviolet organic–inorganic nonlinear optical material benefited from organic π-conjugated [C₃N₆] groups and inorganic [ZnNCl₃] groups, revealing excellent optical performance and moderate thermal stability.

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Zhang, Wei Li, Jian Zhu, Ping Wang, Ke Lin Li, Ming Jing Lei y Yang Su. "Research Advancement of C/C Woodceramics". Advanced Materials Research 598 (noviembre de 2012): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.598.497.

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C/C woodceramics is one of the polymeric organic/inorganic composite materials, and it has many advantages such as rich raw material source, little harm to environment in its production and use, good renewable property and wide application. In recent year, it is highly important and significant for C/C woodceramics study. The changes of C/C woodceramics’ structure and property influenced by different wood types, sintering temperature, and resin content are summarized comprehensively in this paper. Preparation mechanism and properties of woodceramics are also concluded. In the final, problems found in the field of C/C woodceramics research have been put forward and discussed.

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Pavlata, L., L. Mišurová, A. Pechová y R. Dvořák. "Comparison of organic and inorganic forms of selenium in the mother and kid relationship in goats". Czech Journal of Animal Science 57, No. 8 (9 de agosto de 2012): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6271-cjas.

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The goal of the experiment was to compare the effect of four different forms of selenium (Se) − sodium selenite (SS), lactate-protein selenium complex (SL), selenium enriched yeast (SY), and selenium-proteinate (SP) supplemented to pregnant goats on Se concentration and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the blood of goats on the day of delivery and also on Se concentration and GSH-Px activity in the blood of newborn kids. The experiment involved 33 pregnant goats of White Short-haired breed. The supplementation started 6 weeks before the parturition. The goats were divided into 5 groups: control group C, not supplemented, and 4 trial groups (SL, SP, SS, SY), which received Se in the above stated forms by the means of supplemented pellets (300 g per animal per day) at a rate 900 μg Se/kg of dry matter. The average Se concentrations in the blood of the goats were 79.6 μg/l in group C, 152.6 μg/l in group SL, 167.1 μg/l in group SP, 144.9 μg/l in group SS, and 152.9 μg/l in group SY. Selenium concentrations in all 4 trial groups were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in control group, however no significant difference was found between individual trial groups. Likewise, the activity of GSH-Px in goat blood increased significantly in all supplemented groups compared to the controls; however we did not discover any significant differences in activity of GSH-Px between the individual selenium-supplemented groups. The Se concentrations in the blood of kids were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the selenium-supplemented groups (SL – 94.9 μg/l, SP – 87.5 μg/l, SS – 87.6 μg/l, SY – 92.5 μg/l) than in the control group (C – 49.4 μg/l), but we did not discover any differences between the individual experimental groups. The activity of GSH-Px in the blood of the kids tended towards higher values in the supplemented groups than in the control group, but the values were significantly higher (P < 0.05) only in groups SY and SL. We have found significant correlation between GSH-Px activity and Se concentration in the blood of goats (r = 0.86) and newborn kids (r = 0.95). Likewise, there was significant correlation between Se concentration in the blood of goats and their kids (r = 0.74). We discovered that the kids are reaching physiologically only about 60% of Se status in whole blood in comparison with their mothers. Our results are suggesting that all the above forms of Se were similarly utilised and transferred into the foetus in the goats.

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Kubo, Miwako, Ryota Mano, Misako Kojima, Kenichi Naniwa, Yusuke Daiko, Sawao Honda, Emanuel Ionescu, Samuel Bernard, Ralf Riedel y Yuji Iwamoto. "Hydrogen Selective SiCH Inorganic–Organic Hybrid/γ-Al2O3 Composite Membranes". Membranes 10, n.º 10 (25 de septiembre de 2020): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10100258.

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Solar hydrogen production via the photoelectrochemical water-splitting reaction is attractive as one of the environmental-friendly approaches for producing H2. Since the reaction simultaneously generates H2 and O2, this method requires immediate H2 recovery from the syngas including O2 under high-humidity conditions around 50 °C. In this study, a supported mesoporous γ-Al2O3 membrane was modified with allyl-hydrido-polycarbosilane as a preceramic polymer and subsequently heat-treated in Ar to deliver a ternary SiCH organic–inorganic hybrid/γ-Al2O3 composite membrane. Relations between the polymer/hybrid conversion temperature, hydrophobicity, and H2 affinity of the polymer-derived SiCH hybrids were studied to functionalize the composite membranes as H2-selective under saturated water vapor partial pressure at 50 °C. As a result, the composite membranes synthesized at temperatures as low as 300–500 °C showed a H2 permeance of 1.0–4.3 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 with a H2/N2 selectivity of 6.0–11.3 under a mixed H2-N2 (2:1) feed gas flow. Further modification by the 120 °C-melt impregnation of low molecular weight polycarbosilane successfully improved the H2-permselectivity of the 500 °C-synthesized composite membrane by maintaining the H2 permeance combined with improved H2/N2 selectivity as 3.5 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 with 36. These results revealed a great potential of the polymer-derived SiCH hybrids as novel hydrophobic membranes for purification of solar hydrogen.

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Oh, Teresa, Dong Sik Bae y Myung Ho Kim. "Pentacene Growth on Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Type SiOC Film". Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (marzo de 2007): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.389.

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Pentacene channel for organic thin film transistor was deposited on the SiOC film by thermal evaporation. The growth of pentacene is related with the Diels-Alder reaction and the nucleophilic reaction by the thermal induction. The surface is an important factor to control the recursive Diels-Alder reaction for growing of pentacene on SiOC film. The terminal C=C double bond of pentacene molecule was broken easily as a result of attack of the nucleophilic reagents on the surface of SiOC film. The nucleophilic reaction can be accelerated by increasing temperature on surface, and it making pentacene to grow hardly on the SiOC film with a flow rate ratio of O2/(BTMSM+O2)=0.5 due to its inorganic property. The nucleophlic reaction mechanism is SN2 (bimolecular nucleophilic substitution) type.

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JONG, E. DE, D. F. ACTON y H. B. STONEHOUSE. "ESTIMATING THE ATTERBERG LIMITS OF SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN SOILS FROM TEXTURE AND CARBON CONTENTS". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 1990): 543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-057.

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The soil water contents at the liquid and plastic limits (the Atterberg limits) are widely used in the classification of soils for engineering purposes. Approximately 500 soil samples (129 Ap horizons and 417 B and C horizons) collected over several years as part of the ongoing soil survey program in Saskatchewan were analyzed for texture and Atterberg limits. On about half of the samples water retention (−33 kPa and −1500 kPa matric potential and air dryness), and organic and inorganic C were also determined. The relationship between the Atterberg limits and soil properties was explored through correlation and regression analysis. Clay and organic matter content explained most of the observed variation in the Atterberg limits of the Ap horizons. Clay was the most important independent variable in the B and C horizons, while inorganic C had only a relatively small impact. Key words: Atterberg limits, texture, organic and inorganic C

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Besenhard, J. O., M. Winter, J. Yang y W. Biberacher. "Filming mechanism of lithium-carbon anodes in organic and inorganic electrolytes". Journal of Power Sources 54, n.º 2 (abril de 1995): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(94)02073-c.

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Aritonang, Sonria, Sientje Daisy Rumetor y Onesimus Yoku. "Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Rumput Raja (Pennisetum purpureophoides) dengan Perlakuan Pupuk Anorganik Dan Organik". Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science) 10, n.º 1 (5 de mayo de 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46549/jipvet.v10i1.87.

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This study aims to determine the effect of inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and the combination of both on the growth of king grass (Pennisetum purpurephoides). The research method was a completely random design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The research treatments consisted of A (without fertilizer), B (100% inorganic fertilizer), C (100% organic fertilizer), and D (50% inorganic and 50% organic fertilizer). The result of the study shows that inorganic, organic, and its fertilizer combination treatment has a non-significant effect on the height of the plant, the length and width of the leaf, and the length of its segments, while inorganic and organic fertilizer treatment has a significant effect on the stem diameter. The conclusion is that the use of 100 % organic fertilizer has better results for the vegetative growth of king grass (Pennisetum purpurephoides) compared to the use of inorganic fertilizer and its combination.

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HIROSE, Fumihiko, Yasuo KIMURA y Michio NIWANO. "P3HT/Al Organic/Inorganic Heterojunction Diodes Investigated by I-V and C-V Measurements". IEICE Transactions on Electronics E92-C, n.º 12 (2009): 1475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e92.c.1475.

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Niemelä, Janne-Petteri, Ashutosh Giri, Patrick E. Hopkins y Maarit Karppinen. "Ultra-low thermal conductivity in TiO2:C superlattices". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, n.º 21 (2015): 11527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01719j.

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TiO₂:C superlattices with ultra-low thermal conductivity are fabricated from atomic/molecular layer deposited (ALD/MLD) inorganic–organic [(TiO₂)_m(Ti–O–C₆H₄–O–)_k=1]_n thin films via an annealing treatment that converts the as-deposited monomolecular organic layers into sub-nanometer-thick graphitic layers confined within the TiO₂ matrix.

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Perlepe, Panagiota, Itziar Oyarzabal, Aaron Mailman, Morgane Yquel, Mikhail Platunov, Iurii Dovgaliuk, Mathieu Rouzières et al. "Metal-organic magnets with large coercivity and ordering temperatures up to 242°C". Science 370, n.º 6516 (29 de octubre de 2020): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb3861.

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Magnets derived from inorganic materials (e.g., oxides, rare-earth–based, and intermetallic compounds) are key components of modern technological applications. Despite considerable success in a broad range of applications, these inorganic magnets suffer several drawbacks, including energetically expensive fabrication, limited availability of certain constituent elements, high density, and poor scope for chemical tunability. A promising design strategy for next-generation magnets relies on the versatile coordination chemistry of abundant metal ions and inexpensive organic ligands. Following this approach, we report the general, simple, and efficient synthesis of lightweight, molecule-based magnets by postsynthetic reduction of preassembled coordination networks that incorporate chromium metal ions and pyrazine building blocks. The resulting metal-organic ferrimagnets feature critical temperatures up to 242°C and a 7500-oersted room-temperature coercivity.

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30

Lamanna, Giuseppe, Alessandro Soprano, Flavia Bollino y Michelina Catauro. "Mechanical Characterization of Hybrid (Organic-Inorganic) Geopolymers". Key Engineering Materials 569-570 (julio de 2013): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.569-570.119.

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The mechanical properties of geopolymers can be obtained through different kinds of experimental tests: this paper is focused on the compressive strength (i.e. in a direction parallel to the loading axis) for the case of uniaxial compression. The compressive strength of such materials is traditionally characterized by the 28th-day value, but their strength is expected to increase in time at a continuously decreasing rate. The knowledge of the strength vs. time law is of importance when a structure is subjected to a certain type of loading at a later age. In this work inorganic polymers from activated metakaolin (alumina silicate inorganic polymers, obtained from alkali activation of powders containing SiO2+Al2O3 > 80%wt) are reported. In order to improve their compressive strength a percentage of polyethylene glycol has been added, thus obtaining a hybrid (organic-inorganic) geopolymer. Many factors can influence significantly the compressive strength of such materials e.g. w/c ration, aggregate content, water curing period, polyethylene/glycol ratio. Afterwards experimental compressive tests (performed in a Zwick-Roell® testing machine) have been carried out varying the polyethylene/glycol ratio and the main dimensions of the samples.

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31

Chopra, Jaishri, Ajay K. Goswami y Prabhat K. Baroliya. "An Overview of Solid Supported Palladium and Nickel Catalysts for C-C Cross Coupling Reactions". Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 17, n.º 5 (11 de agosto de 2020): 589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193x16666190617160339.

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Solid supported catalysts have been of considerable interest in organic synthesis for the last few years. Solid support provides an efficient heterogeneous catalytic system owing to facile recovery and extensive recycling by simple filtration because of possessing 3-R approach (Recoverable, Robust and Recyclable) and makes solid supported catalyst more appealing nowadays. In view of the high cost and shortage of furthermost used palladium catalyst, its recovery and recycling are vital issues for any large-scale application which are being overcome by using solid supported catalytic systems. Therefore, a variety of inorganic and organic solid-supported catalytic systems have been developed so far in order to address these challenges. This review attempts highlight a number of solid supported catalytic systems in the pro-active area of widely used C-C cross coupling reactions.

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32

Páleníková, I., K. Hauptmanová, E. Pitropovská, T. Páleník, T. Husáková, A. Pechová y L. Pavlata. "Copper metabolism in goat–kid relationship at supplementation of inorganic and organic forms of copper ". Czech Journal of Animal Science 59, No. 5 (19 de mayo de 2014): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7400-cjas.

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The aim of the experiment was to compare the effect of inorganic and organic forms of copper (Cu) supplementation on Cu status of goats and their kids, colostrum and milk composition and quality, and on the Cu concentrations in amniotic fluids and fetal membranes. The experiment involved 22 clinically healthy pregnant goats with similar mean Cu concentration in blood serum. Goats were divided into 3 groups: E1, E2, and C. Basal feed ration differed only in Cu form and concentration in a grain mixture. The goats of experimental groups E1 and E2 received the supplement of Cu sulfate and Cu chelate, respectively. Control group C was without Cu supplementation. Blood samples from goats and kids were collected on the day of parturition (day 0; in kids before colostrum intake) and on days 2, 7, and 21 postpartum. On the same days the kids were weighed. Colostrum or milk samples were collected on days 0, 5, and 30. During delivery, also samples of amniotic fluids and fetal membranes were collected. Both forms of Cu supplementation resulted in higher average concentration of Cu (compared to control group) in blood serum of goats (19.5 ± 1.7 and 18.5 ± 2.5 vs. 15.2 ± 4.4 µmol/l, respectively) and blood serum of kids (6.7 ± 0.8 and 6.0 ± 0.5 vs. 6.0 ± 1.0 µmol/l, respectively). Significant differences in Cu serum concentration on the day of parturition in goats were observed in group E1 compared to control (P < 0.05) and also in kids of group E1 compared to group E2 and control (P < 0.05). The Cu concentration in the blood of kids on the day of parturition was significantly (P < 0.01) lower compared to that in maternal blood. Percentages of Cu concentration in the blood of kids in groups E1, E2, and C were 34, 33, and 39% of that in maternal blood. The results of Cu concentration in blood serum of goats on days 2, 7, and 21 were without significant differences between groups. Significantly higher Cu serum concentrations (P < 0.05) were observed in kids on day 2 in group E1 compared to control group and also on day 21 in group E1 compared to group E2. Colostrum Cu concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in group E1 (10.6 ± 3.3 µmol/l) compared to group E2 (7.1 ± 1.5 µmol/l). There were no significant differences observed in Cu concentration in amniotic fluids and fetal membranes. The kids on both forms of Cu supplementation (on day 0 in group E1 and on days 2, 7, and 21 in group E2) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher average weight than the kids from control group. Our results are suggesting that the inorganic form of Cu (copper sulfate) is more efficient than organic (copper chelate) in influencing the Cu metabolism in goat–kid relationship and that Cu supplementing has a positive effect on the weight of kids.

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33

Hadi, Mochamad, RC Hidayat Soesilohadi, FX Wagiman y Yayuk Rahayuningsih Soehardjono. "Populasi Penggerek Batang Padi pada Ekosistem Sawah Organik dan Sawah Anorganik". Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 17, n.º 2 (21 de diciembre de 2015): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.17.2.106-117.

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Rice stem borer (RSB ) is a major pest for rice in Central Java in the past ten years as well as previous years . The presence of RSB occurs during the rice growing season with a high intensity , especially in the rainy season . RSB which is the main type, yellow RSB Scirpophaga incertulas Walker and white S. innonata. Walker . Other types are pink Sesamia inferens Walker , striped Chilo suppressalis Walker, headed black C. polychrysus Meyrick , and shiny C. auricilius Dudgeon. Organic farming in Central Java is still not widely applied so it is still very less information available, including information on the fluctuations in species diversity and population abundance of RSB. In this study examined the types and abundance fluctuations keenekaragaman RSB populations in rice field ecosystem organic and inorganic. Research will be conducted for one year (3 times transplanting rice) paddy ecosystems in organic and inorganic Bakalrejo Village, District Susukan, Semarang regency. The results showed that the dominant RSB is yellow S. incertulas. Yellow RSB found in every season paddy rice planting in both organic and inorganic rice. While the pink, shiny and white RSB, occasionally encountered. The RSB encountered seem to prefer the ecosystem tend rice paddy organic than inorganic . Keywords : rice stem borer ( RSB ) , organic rice ecosystem, inorganic rice ecosystem.

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34

Li, Tianyue, Yue Hu, Carole A. Morrison, Wenjun Wu, Hongwei Han y Neil Robertson. "Lead-free pseudo-three-dimensional organic–inorganic iodobismuthates for photovoltaic applications". Sustainable Energy & Fuels 1, n.º 2 (2017): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6se00061d.

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X-ray diffraction, electronic characterisation and mesoscopic solar cell evaluation were performed for two novel iodobismuthates, C₅H₆NBiI₄ ([py][BiI4]) and C₆H₈NBiI₄ ([mepy][BiI4]).

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35

Malatesta, F., G. Antonini, P. Sarti y M. Brunori. "Modulation of cytochrome oxidase activity by inorganic and organic phosphate". Biochemical Journal 248, n.º 1 (15 de noviembre de 1987): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2480161.

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The activity of cytochrome oxidase reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles has been studied as a function of orthophosphate, ATP and inositol hexakisphosphate concentrations. The respiratory-control ratio was found to be quite sensitive to these compounds and was inversely related to the anion concentration. This effect is related to a phosphate-dependent decrease in the rate constant for ferrocytochrome c oxidation observed in the presence of ionophores. The data cannot be interpreted simply on the basis of ionic strength, which is known to limit cytochrome c binding to cytochrome oxidase, since cytochrome oxidase-containing vesicles responded differently to phosphate depending on the energization state of the phospholipid membrane.

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36

Nakayama, Hiroshi y Tsuyoshi Hata. "Low-temperature growth of Si-based organic–inorganic hybrid materials, Si–O–C and Si–N–C, by organic Cat-CVD". Thin Solid Films 501, n.º 1-2 (abril de 2006): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2005.07.239.

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37

Reddy, K. Sammi, Muneshwar Singh, A. K. Tripathi, A. Swarup y A. K. Dwivedi. "Changes in organic and inorganic sulfur fractions and S mineralisation in a Typic Haplustert after long-term cropping with different fertiliser and organic manure inputs". Soil Research 39, n.º 4 (2001): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00020.

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Changes in the status of organic and inorganic pools of soil sulfur (S), total nitrogen (N), and organic carbon, and their interrelationships and S mineralisation were examined on a Typic Haplustert soil after a 27-year long-term cropping. The results indicated that NPK(+S) applied for 27 years at 50%, 100%, and 150% of optimum recommended rates and 100% NPK(+S) with farmyard manure (FYM) increased the organic C and total N status of soil compared with the control and the initial status of the soil. Intensive cropping with continuous use of 100% NPK without S resulted in depletion of total, organic, and inorganic S concentrations by 18.13%, 17.80%, and 21.72%, respectively, over the control, while the status of total, organic and inorganic S improved in plots that received graded rates of S with NPK and NPK plus FYM. Intensive cropping with continuous use of S-free NPK fertiliser (100% NPK-S) resulted in the widest C: N: S ratio in the soil. NaHCO 3 -extractable total, inorganic, and organic S fractions and NaOH-extractable total and inorganic S fractions were found to be better indices of soil S mineralisation than CaCl 2 -extractable inorganic S. Cumulative amounts of S mineralised during a 14-week incubation period varied between 2.3 and 21.3 mg S/kg soil and increased with an increase in the rates of S applied, along with NPK fertilisers. Incorporation of FYM with 100% NPK(+S) resulted in greater cumulative mineralised S over 100% NPK(+S) alone. The cumulative mineralised S showed a quadratic relationship with the duration of incubation in all the treatments.

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38

Frandsen, WH. "Heat Evolved From Smoldering Peat". International Journal of Wildland Fire 1, n.º 3 (1991): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9910197.

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Smoldering ground fires can raise mineral soil temperatures above 300�C for several hours with peak temperatures near 600�C. Such temperatures can result in the decomposition of organic material and kill important soil organisms. The heat evolved per unit organic mass was investigated by monitoring the mass of oxygen consumed during smoldering. Organic bulk densities of laboratory samples were comparable to field observa tions and ranged from 90 to 180 kg m-3. Moisture and inorganic contents were expressed as mass ratios relative to the organic mass. Moisture ratios ranged from zero to 0.8 and inorganic ratios from near zero (natural peat inorganic ratio) to 4.0. Heat evolved per unit organic mass was independent of organic bulk density and inor ganic ratio, and changed little with moisture ratio within the limits of combustion. The average value for all observations (N= 190) was 14.2 MJ kg-1with an error less than 4.5%.

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39

Zhao, Ya Jie, Xin Chen, Yi Shi y Cai Yan Lu. "Impact of Fertilization on Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen from Soil in Vegetable Greenhouse". Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (agosto de 2013): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.382.

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In this study, columns packed of a greenhouse soil with various soil fertile levels (low, medium and high) were carried out under greenhouse condition. The leaching experiment lasted 51 days. There were four fertilization treatments including no fertilizer [CK], chemical fertilizer [NPK], organic manure [M], organic manure and chemical fertilizer [M+NPK]. Microbial biomass C and N were measured. The results were as follows: organic or inorganic fertilizer increased the contents of soil microbial biomass C and N, and combination of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer significantly elevated the amount of soil microbial biomass C and N compared to organic or inorganic fertilizer treatment. There were significant differences in the amount of microbial biomass C and N among different fertile level soil under different fertilization practices in 0-20 and 20-40cm soil layers. Our study showed that application of manure and chemical fertilizer at proper rates according to soil fertile status is beneficial to increase the amount of microbial biomass C and N.

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40

Tagiverdiev, Suleiman S., Pavel N. Skripnikov, Olga S. Bezuglova, Sergey N. Gorbov y Denis A. Kozyrev. "Content and Distribution of Organic And Inorganic Carbon in the Urban Soils of Rostov Agglomeration". UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, n.º 4 (208) (23 de diciembre de 2020): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2020-4-118-129.

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The content and distribution of organic and inorganic carbon along the profile in the soils of the Rostov agglomeration are considered. The results obtained on a TOC-L CPN Shimadzu carbon analyzer are evaluated using Student's t-test. The groups of some horizons of native soils AU rz, AU, BCA, C, as well as their buried analogues [AU], [BCA], [C] were compared. The analysis of the urbic horizons was carried out taking into account their particle size distribution, previously dividing into horizons clusters - heavy URh and light URl. In the [AU] horizon of soils buried under the anthropogenic stratum, a statistically significant decrease in the organic carbon content is observed, compared to the AU horizon of natural analogues. The middle part of the profile - the BCA and [BCA] horizons - is characterized by the greatest similarity in carbon content, both organic and inorganic, which suggests the lowest anthropogenic impact on these horizons. Significant differences in the inorganic carbon content in the comparison pair - horizons C and [C] are shown, and its content is higher in natural analogues (horizons C). The data analysis of the urbic diagnostic horizons did not reveal any significant regularities because of the high degree of variation of this indicator due to the genesis peculiarities of the anthropogenically transformed stratum.

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41

Ghosh, Suchismita y Laura G. Leff. "Impacts of Labile Organic Carbon Concentration on Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Utilization by a Stream Biofilm Bacterial Community". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, n.º 23 (13 de septiembre de 2013): 7130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01694-13.

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ABSTRACTIn aquatic ecosystems, carbon (C) availability strongly influences nitrogen (N) dynamics. One manifestation of this linkage is the importance in the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), which can serve as both a C and an N source, yet our knowledge of how specific properties of DOM influence N dynamics are limited. To empirically examine the impact of labile DOM on the responses of bacteria to DON and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), bacterial abundance and community composition were examined in controlled laboratory microcosms subjected to various combinations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), DON, and DIN treatments. Bacterial communities that had colonized glass beads incubated in a stream were treated with various glucose concentrations and combinations of inorganic and organic N (derived from algal exudate, bacterial protein, and humic matter). The results revealed a strong influence of C availability on bacterial utilization of DON and DIN, with preferential uptake of DON under low C concentrations. Bacterial DON uptake was affected by the concentration and by its chemical nature (labile versus recalcitrant). Labile organic N sources (algal exudate and bacterial protein) were utilized equally well as DIN as an N source, but this was not the case for the recalcitrant humic matter DON treatment. Clear differences in bacterial community composition among treatments were observed based on terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) of 16S rRNA genes. C, DIN, and DON treatments likely drove changes in bacterial community composition that in turn affected the rates of DON and DIN utilization under various C concentrations.

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42

Wan, Fu Xiong y Wen Zhong Zheng. "Mechanical Performance of Beams Strengthened by Carbon Fiber Sheet Bonded with Inorganic Adhesive after Fire". Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (diciembre de 2012): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.873.

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According to the fact that softening temperature of organic epoxy adhesive is too low to meet fire, an inorganic adhesive whose strength at 600°C is not lower than that at normal room temperature, is developed to bond Carbon Fiber Sheet (CFS) in order to strengthen reinforced concrete beams. To understand all-round mechanical performance of RC beams strengthened by CFS bonded by an inorganic adhesive after fire, on the base of experimental research, Conjugate Beam Method is used to analyze the whole mechanical process from loading to failure. The test and analysis results show that, for RC slabs strengthened by CFS bonding with the inorganic adhesive, maximum stress of CFS decreases with small amplitude compared with that before fire, and the strength of the sheet can be utilized to a great extent, even if temperature (about 300°C~470°C) an inorganic adhesive experienced outclasses softening temperatures of ordinary organic epoxy adhesives. Beams strengthened by CFS bonded with inorganic adhesive perform good fire behavior.

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43

Gaston, C. J., J. A. Thornton y N. L. Ng. "Reactive uptake of N2O5 to internally mixed inorganic and organic particles: the role of organic carbon oxidation state and inferred organic phase separations". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, n.º 12 (9 de diciembre de 2013): 32053–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-32053-2013.

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Abstract. We measured N2O5 reactive uptake onto mixed organic/inorganic submicron particles using organic compounds with a variety of oxidation states (using mainly atomic O : C ratios as a proxy) and molecular weights. The organic mass fraction, organic molecular composition, and relative humidity (RH) were varied to separately assess their effect on the N2O5 uptake coefficient, γ(N2O5). At a constant RH, mixtures of organic components having an O : C < 0.5 with ammonium bisulfate (ABS) significantly suppressed the uptake of N2O 0.8) had a smaller or even negligible impact on N2O5 uptake at all RHs probed; however, a few exceptions were observed. Notably, γ(N2O5) for mixtures of ABS with polyethylene glycol (PEG), PEG-300 (O : C = 0.56), decreased nearly linearly as the PEG mass fraction increased at constant RH until leveling off at the value measured on pure PEG. The response of γ(N2O5) to increasing PEG mass fraction was similar to that measured on ambient atmospheric particles as a function of organic mass fraction. The effects of the organic mass fraction on γ(N2O5), for mixtures having an O : C < ~ 0.8, were best described using a standard resistor model of reactive uptake assuming the particles had a RH dependent inorganic core-organic shell morphology. This model suggests that the N2O5 diffusivity and/or solubility in the organic layer is up to a factor of 20 lower compared to aqueous solution particles, and that the diffusivity, solubility, and reactivity of N2O5 within organic coatings and particles depend upon both RH and the molecular composition of the organic medium. We use these dependencies and ambient measurements of organic aerosol from the global aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) database to show that the typical impact of organic aerosol components is to both uniformly decrease γ(N2O5), by up to an order of magnitude depending on the RH, organic mass fraction, and O : C ratio, and to induce a stronger dependence of γ(N2O5) upon RH compared to purely inorganic aqueous solutions.

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44

SOUDA, Koichi, Koichi SAKAGUCHI y Masanao ERA. "Optimization of Langmuir-Blodgett Film Formation for Organic-Inorganic Layer Perovskite by Squeeze out Method". IEICE Transactions on Electronics E96.C, n.º 3 (2013): 372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e96.c.372.

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45

Gaston, C. J., J. A. Thornton y N. L. Ng. "Reactive uptake of N2O5 to internally mixed inorganic and organic particles: the role of organic carbon oxidation state and inferred organic phase separations". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, n.º 11 (10 de junio de 2014): 5693–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5693-2014.

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Abstract. We measured N2O5 reactive uptake onto mixed organic/inorganic submicron particles using organic compounds with a variety of oxidation states (using mainly atomic O : C ratios as a proxy) and molecular weights. The organic mass fraction, organic molecular composition, and relative humidity (RH) were varied to assess their effects separately on the N2O5 uptake coefficient, γ(N2O5). At a constant RH, mixtures of organic components having an O : C < 0.5 with ammonium bisulfate significantly suppressed the uptake of N2O5(g) compared to pure ammonium bisulfate, even at small organic mass fractions (e.g., ≤ 15%). The effect of the organic component became less pronounced at higher RH. In general, highly oxygenated organic components (O : C > 0.8) had a smaller or even negligible impact on N2O5(g) uptake at all RHs probed; however, a few exceptions were observed. Notably, γ(N2O5) for mixtures of ammonium bisulfate with polyethylene glycol (PEG), PEG-300 (O : C = 0.56), decreased nearly linearly as the PEG mass fraction increased at constant RH until leveling off at the value measured for pure PEG. The response of γ(N2O5) to increasing PEG mass fraction was similar to that measured on ambient atmospheric particles as a function of organic mass fraction. The effects of the organic mass fraction on γ(N2O5), for mixtures having an O : C < ~0.8, were best described using a standard resistor model of reactive uptake assuming the particles had an RH-dependent inorganic core–organic shell morphology. This model suggests that the N2O5 diffusivity and/or solubility in the organic layer is up to a factor of 20 lower compared to aqueous solution particles, and that the diffusivity, solubility, and reactivity of N2O5 within organic coatings and particles depend upon both RH and the molecular composition of the organic medium. We use these dependencies and ambient measurements of organic aerosol from the global aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) database to show that the typical impact of organic aerosol components is to both uniformly decrease γ(N2O5), by up to an order of magnitude depending on the RH, organic mass fraction, and O : C ratio, and to induce a stronger dependence of γ(N2O5) upon RH compared to purely inorganic aqueous solutions.

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46

Bosdet, Michael J. D. y Warren E. Piers. "B-N as a C-C substitute in aromatic systems". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 87, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2009): 8–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v08-110.

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The substitution of isoelectronic B–N units for C–C units in aromatic hydrocarbons produces novel heterocycles with structural similarities to the all-carbon frameworks, but with fundamentally altered electronic properties and chemistry. Since the pioneering work of Dewar some 50 years ago, the relationship between B–N and C–C and the wealth of parent all-carbon aromatics has captured the imagination of organic, inorganic, materials, and computational chemists alike, particularly in recent years. New applications in biological chemistry, new materials, and novel ligands for transition-metal complexes have emerged from these studies. This review is aimed at surveying activity in the area in the past couple of decades. Its organization is based on ring size and type of the all-carbon or heterocyclic subunit that the B–N analog is derived from. Structural aspects pertaining to the retention of aromaticity are emphasized, along with delineation of significant differences in physical properties of the B–N compound as compared to the C–C parent.Key words: boron-nitrogen heterocycles, aromaticity, organic materials, main-group chemistry.

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47

Laget, Valerie, Claudie Hornick, Pierre Rabu, Marc Drillon, Philippe Turek y Raymond Ziessel. "Multilayered Ferromagnets Based on Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Derivatives". Advanced Materials 10, n.º 13 (septiembre de 1998): 1024–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199809)10:13<1024::aid-adma1024>3.0.co;2-c.

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48

Ferrando-Soria, Jesús, Antonio Fernandez, Iñigo J. Vitorica-Yrezabal, Deepak Asthana, Christopher A. Muryn, Floriana Tuna, Grigore A. Timco y Richard E. P. Winpenny. "Formation of an interlocked double-chain from an organic–inorganic [2]rotaxane". Chemical Communications 55, n.º 20 (2019): 2960–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc09339c.

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Here we show that a structure containing a polymeric interlocking daisy chain is obtained from the reaction of an inorganic–organic [2]rotaxane [HB{CrIII7Ni^II(μ-F)₈(O₂C^tBu)₁₆}], where B is an organic thread terminated with a bi-pyridyl unit, with an oxo-centered metal carboxylate triangle [FeIII2Co^II(μ₃-O)(O₂C^tBu)₆(HO₂C^tBu)₃].

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49

Tanskanen, A. y M. Karppinen. "Iron-based inorganic–organic hybrid and superlattice thin films by ALD/MLD". Dalton Transactions 44, n.º 44 (2015): 19194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt02488a.

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Here we present novel layer-by-layer deposition processes for the fabrication of inorganic–organic hybrid thin films of the (–Fe–O–C₆H₄–O–)_n type and also superlattices where N thicker iron oxide layer blocks alternate with monomolecular-thin organic layers.

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50

Li, Jie, Zeting Huang, Mu Yang, Li Tan, Xiaowei Zhang, Hongyi Gao, Yinhai Tang, Qianqian Ma y Ge Wang. "Oriented immobilization of Au nanoparticles on C@P4VP core–shell microspheres and their catalytic performance". New Journal of Chemistry 39, n.º 4 (2015): 2949–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nj02112f.

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