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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Panama Canal"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 12 de junio de 2025

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1

Shen, Jiang, and Yun Tao Wang. "Pre-Arrange Trim Method on Panamax Vessel when Transit through the Panama Canal." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 4115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.4115.

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The Panama Canal Authority has special requirements on “Size and Draught Limitation of vessels” when a vessel transit through the Panama Canal. This paper based on requirements from the Panama Canal Authority and characteristics of the Panamax vessel, represents a pre-arranged trim method on making optimum cargo plan so as to fully utilize the Panamax vessel’s carrying capacity and ensure smooth transit through the Panama Canal, it has been proved efficient and reliable.

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2

Ho, Javier, and Paul Bernal. "UNDERSTANDING THE THERMAL COAL MOVEMENTS FROM COLOMBIA TO CHILE THROUGH THE PANAMA CANAL USING LOGIT MODELS- LOOKING AHEAD." Journal of Maritime Logistics 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jml.2022.08.001.

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This study attempted to specify logit models for bulkers transporting mostly thermal coal from the East Coast of Colombia to Chile through the Panama Canal compared to the alternative route. The preliminary proposed predictors for the logit models included voyage cost variables and Canal's attributes. For the route choice of coal from the East Coast of Colombia to Chile, voyage cost factors such as Panama Canal cost, distance difference between Panama versus alternative route, post arrival of vessel to the next port and the maximum transit draft were important factors in this choice, as well as Panama Canal attributes such as vessel arrivals at the Panama Canal and the Panamax Plus requirement to transit the neopanamax locks. The route choice involved the Panama Canal and Cape Horn/Magellan Strait in the Southern tip of South America. This study analyzed coal traffic between October 1, 2016, and September 30, 2020, and briefly discussed the future of coal movements through Panama, given Chile's long term plans to generate electricity using renewanable energy sources and hydrogen. This paper is a contribution to the discrete choice literature and attempted to provide insights into route choice factors involving the Panama Canal, proposing new preliminary explanatory variables to better understand route choices that may apply in future Panama Canal studies. The study will be a contribution to the universal maritime coal transportation literature, and it is a continuation on research related to the Panama canal, particularly on route choices using AIS information.

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3

Wang, Mariner. "The role of Panama Canal in global shipping." Maritime Business Review 2, no. 3 (2017): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mabr-07-2017-0014.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to find out the future development of the Panama Canal after opening of the new waterway (third set of locks project), in terms of the change of cargo throughput, further deployment of fleets by the shipping companies and competition for the canal. Design/methodology/approach The research of this paper is based on an empiric study by collecting the relevant data from annual report of the Panama Canal Authority, publications related to the same field. Graphs pertaining to toll revenue also are made based on statistical data provided by the Panama Canal Authority. Findings The findings show that the opening of the new waterway of the Panama Canal generates more toll revenue for Panama government by allowing mega-vessels to transit, expediting further economic development of the country largely from behind. At the same time, shipping operators also can enjoy earning more revenue by deploying New Panamax vessels transiting the Canal. Originality/value Ingenuity in tabling the users of the Panama Canal by incorporating the logo marks of the shipping companies/implication is drawn through empirical analysis to provide the shipping companies and ports authorities concerned with more understanding toward the very significance of the new waterway expansion of the Panama Canal.

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4

Uribe, Alvaro. "Integration of the former Panama Canal Zone into Metro Panama City." Ekistics and The New Habitat 69, no. 415-417 (2002): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200269415-417337.

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The author, an architect-planner, Urbio, S.A., Panama, graduate of the School of Architecture, University of Panama, the Institut d'Urbanisme, University of Paris, and Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, has held key positions in a variety of public and private planning agencies as a consultant and specialist in Geographic Information Systems (G.I.S.) for major development projects in Panama such as Land Use and Traffic Study of the Port of Balboa; Development Plan for Sherman-San Lorenzo; La Cuenca Hidrográfica del Canal de Panamá: Posibilidades de un Desarrollo Sustentable (The Hydrographical Basin of the Panama Canal: Possibilities for Sustainable Development); Metodologías de Avalúo de los Terrenos Revertidos del Area del Canal (Methodologies for the Valuation of Reverted Land of the Area of the Canal); and Estudio Urbanístico y Demográfico del Area Metropolitana de Panamá (Urban and Demographic Study of the Metropolitan Regionof Panama). Alvaro Uribe has also published La Ciudad Fragmentada (The Fragmented City), an essay on urban development in Panama City (Panama City, CELA, Ediciones Formato Dieciséis, 1989), and a considerable number of papers and a study report on the subject of this paper and other related projects. He is a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001. It was kindly translated from the Spanish by Professor Lawrence D. Mann, also a member of the WSE and a participant at the Symposion.

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5

Montero Llácer, Francisco J. "Panama Canal Management." Marine Policy 29, no. 1 (2005): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2004.02.001.

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6

Llacer, Francisco J. Montero. "The Panama Canal:." Marine Policy 29, no. 3 (2005): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2004.05.002.

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7

Ashton, Mark S., and Jennifer L. O'hara. "Panama Canal Watershed." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 8, no. 3-4 (1999): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v08n03_14.

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8

Ho, Javier Daniel, and Paul Bernal. "Panama Canal vs alternative routes: estimating a logit model for grains." Maritime Business Review 5, no. 1 (2019): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mabr-07-2019-0025.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to fit a logit model for dry bulkers transporting grains through the Panama Canal versus alternative routes destined to East Asia, originating on the US Gulf and East Coast. This is with the purpose of better understanding the attributes. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, grain transits both through the Panama Canal and alternative routes, which are examined, and a logit model is developed to explain the route decision from a carrier/vessel operator point of view. Findings Transit draft is the most important attribute in the route decision process for grains according to this study. Also, Panamax bulkers are the preferred vessel size into China, especially through the Cape of Good Hope route, impacting Panama Canal’s market share for grains. Research limitations/implications This research used only a full year of grain traffic data approximating fiscal year 2018 (October 1, 2017 to September 30, 2018). Data will come mostly from the Panama Canal transit data and observations using IHS’s Market Intelligence Network (MINT). Originality/value This paper is highly dependent on visual observations of grains vessels through alternative routes using AIS data from MINT software.

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9

Smartt, Dorothea. "Panama Canal — Death by Harassment; Found Poems — On the Panama Canal." Wasafiri 31, no. 4 (2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690055.2016.1216301.

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10

Andrade, C., N. Rebolledo, A. Castillo, F. Tavares, R. Pérez, and M. Baz. "Evaluación de mezclas de hormigón para el nuevo canal de Panamá mediante la medida de la resistividad y de la resistencia a la difusión de cloruros." Revista ALCONPAT 4, no. 2 (2014): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21041/ra.v4i2.1.

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RESUMENEl Canal de Panamá fue construido hace unos 100 años y en la actualidad el consorcio “Grupo Unidos por el Canal” (GUPC), coordinado por Sacyr S.A. está construyendo dos nuevas series de esclusas. El hormigón del antiguo Canal no estaba armado pero en el actual se prevé el uso de armadura como parte del diseño antisísmico. La Autoridad del Canal de Panamá (ACP), en su Pliego de condiciones definió una vida útil de 100 años para lo que especificó valores del método ASTM 1202 de menos de 1000 culombios y el cálculo de la vida útil mediante un programa. En el presente trabajo se detallan, para algunas de las mezclas diseñadas, los resultados obtenidos tanto de culombios como de resistividad y los coeficientes de difusión que se obtuvieron mediante difusión natural. Igualmente se muestran los resultados al introducir los valores en el método numérico de cálculo de vida útil LIFEPRED.Palabras clave: hormigón; cloruros; resistividad; difusión.ABSTRACTThe Panama Canal was built about 100 years ago and a two new sets of locks are being constructed by the consortium "Grupos Unidos por el Canal" (GUPC) which is coordinated by Sacyr S.A. The old Panama Canal was built without steel reinforcement but the new one considered reinforcement as part of the antiseismic design. The Panama Canal Authority (ACP), established a lifespan of 100 years, for which it specified values from the ASTM 1202 method lower than 1000 Coulombs and the estimation of the lifespan by means of a program. The results of both Coulombs resistivity and diffusion coefficients, obtained after natural diffusion, are discussed for some of the designed mixtures. The numerical calculations of service lifespan, as obtained by LIFEPRED method, are also shown.Keywords: concrete; chlorides; resistivity; diffusion.

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11

Chavez-Rodriguez, Yovani Edgar. "The Panama Canal Expansion." Revista Científica General José María Córdova 21, no. 41 (2023): 273–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21830/19006586.1016.

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The Panama Canal has played an important role in the history of the shipping industry. Therefore, it was reasonable to forecast that the Panama Canal expansion would impact port throughput in the six transshipment ports located in Panama. To examine this impact, two periods were analyzed. The first period covered October 2010 to June 2016. The second period covered July 2016 to March 2022. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the IBM SPSS Statistics software were used to analyze public data from the Central American Maritime Transport Commission (COCATRAM) measuring port throughput. The research concluded that the Panama Canal expansion has not produced a statistically significant impact on the port throughput of (a) cargo tonnage, (b) cargo TEU and (c) vessel calls.

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12

Moreno, Stanley Heckadon. "Impact of Development on the Panama Canal Environment." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 35, no. 3 (1993): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165971.

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The historical Chagres River Basin, which serves as the basin for the Panama Canal, extends some 3,260 kilometers in length and is not only the most important river basin in Panama but also one of the most strategic river basins in the world. Its two major lakes — Gatún and Alhajuela — function as reservoirs for the water needed to operate the inter-oceanic canal as well as to supply the water requirements of both Panamá City and Colón, urban concentrations that contain more than half the country's population.Gatún Lake was created in 1913, when the Chagres River was closed off at its Atlantic outlet, while the Alhajuela was created in 1934 by damming up the Madden River in the high, mountainous part of the country.

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13

Balzani, Paride, Ross N. Cuthbert, Elizabeta Briski, et al. "Knowledge needs in economic costs of invasive species facilitated by canalisation." NeoBiota 78 (December 19, 2022): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.78.95050.

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Canals provide wide-ranging economic benefits, while also serving as corridors for the introduction and spread of aquatic alien species, potentially leading to negative ecological and economic impacts. However, to date, no comprehensive quantifications of the reported economic costs of these species have been done. Here, we used the InvaCost database on the monetary impact of invasive alien species to identify the costs of those facilitated by three major canal systems: the European Inland Canals, Suez Canal, and Panama Canal. While we identified a staggering number of species having spread via these systems, monetary costs have been reported only for a few. A total of $33.6 million in costs have been reported from species linked to European Inland Canals (the fishhook waterflea Cercopagis pengoi and the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha) and $8.6 million linked to the Suez Canal (the silver-cheeked toadfish Lagocephalus sceleratus, the lionfish Pterois miles, and the nomad jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica), but no recorded costs were found for species facilitated by the Panama Canal. We thus identified a pervasive lack of information on the monetary costs of invasions facilitated by canals and highlighted the uneven distribution of costs.

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14

Doyle, S. "Engineering Places: Panama Canal." Engineering & Technology 16, no. 8 (2021): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2021.0814.

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15

Hesla, Erling. "Panama canal control system." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 15, no. 3 (2009): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2009.932350.

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16

Rogers, J. David. "Engineering the Panama Canal." Civil Engineering Magazine Archive 84, no. 9 (2014): 72–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/ciegag.0000507.

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17

Osborne, Thomas J. "California." Boom 5, no. 1 (2015): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2015.5.1.4.

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San Francisco’s 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, celebrating the opening of the Panama Canal, symbolized California’s desire for preeminence in Pacific trade and naval power. The expected reopening of an enlarged Panama Canal in 2015 is causing shippers, ports, and military strategists to reassess how the Golden State should adapt to the ever-growing importance of the Pacific world in global affairs. Such ongoing and future adaptations to the enlarged Panama Canal will continue to underscore and augment California’s perennially close ties to the Pacific world.

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18

Pratama, Fikri Surya Pratama. "MINORITAS MUSLIM PANAMA: MENUJU HARMONI KEBERAGAMAN PASCA PROYEK KANAL PANAMA." Khazanah 12, no. 1 (2022): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/khazanah.v12i1.501.

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Despite being a minority, Panamanian Muslims have the longest historical history of any Central American region. Based on this, this article aims to explain the process of the entry of Islam into Panama, and explain how the development of da'wah civilization and the Muslim community in Panama, especially after the construction of the Panama Canal mega project. This type of research is qualitative research using historical research methods, with the following steps: 1) Heuristics or source collection through library research; 2) Source Criticism, namely comparison activities and selecting the validity of sources; 3) This interpretation or analysis stage has occurred either at the beginning of the research or during the post-research analysis process; 4) historiography or the last stage of this research in the form of historical scientific writings. The results of the study show that Islam entered Panam through Mandika slaves brought during the Spanish colonization there, but the development of Islamic da'wah only began to be intense during and after the construction of the canal, this da'wah was intensively carried out by Arab and South Asian immigrants, and reached its peak in 1850-1860's. Panama's constitution provides for religious freedom. Catholicism, Islam, Judaism, and several traditional Panamanian religions coexist in harmony. So far, Panama has given a positive picture of the Central America region which is very conducive and open to religious differences, especially in Islam. Keywords: Central America, Minority, Muslim, Panama.

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19

Montero, Carla Guerrón. "Panama’s Path Since the US Invasion." Current History 123, no. 850 (2024): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2024.123.850.69.

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The Panama Canal opened in 1914. Six decades later, the United States agreed to transfer its ownership of the Canal to Panama. In 1989, a US invasion ended decades of military rule. Today, Panama is a democratic country with a robust economy. Tourism and other service industries have displaced the Canal as the primary source of income. Many North American retirees now call Panama home, lured there by its relative stability, lower cost of living, and government-sponsored incentives. However, the country is still dealing with the legacy of its past in the form of social and economic inequities among segments of its population.

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20

Sierocińska, Katarzyna. "The Panama Canal as a Factor of Panama’s Economic Growth." Estudios Latinoamericanos 37 (December 31, 2017): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.36447/estudios2017.v36-37.art13.

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Between 2005 and 2016, the economic growth of Panama was at an average annual rate of 7.8%, the fastest in Latin America. Th e purpose of this article is to present the Panama Canal as a key factor foraccelerated economic growth. Th e gain of full control of the Canal since December, 31, 1999 and the termination of the Panama Canal expansion project in 2016 aff ected the whole Panamanian economythrough four main types of infl uence: direct, indirect, induced and parallel.

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21

Stelmach, Dawid. "Kościół w Panamie w przededniu Światowych Dni Młodzieży w 2019 roku." Annales Missiologici Posnanienses, no. 23 (January 5, 2019): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/amp.2018.23.12.

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The announcement of Panama as host of World Youth Day in 2019, turned out to be a great surprise for the whole world. For the fi rst time such a small country, has hosted a global event. Panamá is known primarily from the Panama Canal and the Panamanian aff air called Panama. But speaking in these two contexts is very hurtful, because it is a country richly diverse, and the Church here has a unique, unique face. Catholic missions are included in the history of Panama from the very beginning. From the beginning of the bishopric in the city of Panamá, through the territorial development of the Church, everything here has a mark of mission. The fi nal element of the article is the presentation of the Church in the Bocas del Toro Territorial Prelature. The prelature is located in the Caribbean Sea and is geographically diff erent from the rest of the country. But this place is an example of a missionary church, and of a church that needs support in its mission. Poles coming to Panama for the next World Youth Day will discover a unique country, and together with the Poles, Panama will be discovered by the whole world.

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22

Manfredo, Fernando. "The Future of the Panama Canal." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 35, no. 3 (1993): 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165970.

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Throughout most of its history, the importance of the Panama Canal — to the United States, to Panama, and to the international shipping community — was never questioned. This situation changed when the political confrontation between the United States and the Noriega regime took place in the 1980s, and most of the media began to suggest that the usefulness of the Panama Canal was on the decline and no longer of much importance to world trade. In this regard, the media seriously misrepresented the facts. Let us take a closer look at the Canal in order to gain a better perspective on the actual situation.Prior to World War I, the volume of trade going through the Panama Canal, though a useful transportation artery, was relatively small. In fact, in 1929, its peak pre-War year, the total volume was just 30 million tons.

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23

Pham, Thi, Ki Kim, and Gi-Tae YEO. "The Panama Canal Expansion and Its Impact on East–West Liner Shipping Route Selection." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (2018): 4353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124353.

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Through an empirical study of ocean-borne trade between Hong Kong and New York, we combined qualitative and quantitative analysis to examine route selection decisions in a post-expansion era of the Panama Canal. A two-stage methodological framework was developed to assess the competitiveness of the three route alternatives, namely the Panama and Suez canals and the US intermodal system. In the first stage, a combination of literature review and expert knowledge was employed to identify the determinants of route selection. In the second stage, fuzzy theory and the multi-criteria decision-making technique were used to evaluate the criteria and the route alternatives. The results indicate that transportation cost is the most important factor in choosing a route, followed by transportation time, reliability, and route characteristics. The “all water route” via the Panama Canal is preferred over the Suez and U.S. intermodal options.

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24

Orellana, Claudia. "New Straits for Panama Canal?" Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3, no. 6 (2005): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3868561.

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25

Carroll, J. V. "Piloting the Panama Canal today." IEEE Potentials 20, no. 2 (2001): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/45.954658.

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26

Smith, N. "Classic projects: the Panama Canal." Engineering & Technology 6, no. 8 (2011): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2011.0838.

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27

Mencher, Marissa. "The Panama Canal: Danger Ahead." Journal of Environment & Development 8, no. 4 (1999): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659900800405.

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28

James, T. "All locked up [Panama Canal]." Computing and Control Engineering 17, no. 4 (2006): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cce:20060403.

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29

Zieck, Marjoleine. "The Panamanian Assumption of Full Control of the Administration and Operation of the Panama Canal." Leiden Journal of International Law 13, no. 3 (2000): 695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500000443.

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Approximately the entire 20th century, the Panama Canal (including a strip of land bordering the canal known as the ‘canal zone’) was essentially controlled by the United States, a control which included the primary responsibility for its defence. With the onset of the new millennium, however, the canal reverted to exclusive Panamanian control. This contribution will briefly recall the legal basis of this watershed which dates from 1977 and indicate if the United States retains any residual powers as regards the Panama Canal in particular its defence.

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30

Simpson, Emily. "Building Canals from Panama to Mars." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 49, no. 4 (2019): 420–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2019.49.4.420.

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This article explores common themes between the Martian canal debate and the building of the Panama Canal. The focus is on the American period of canal construction in Panama beginning in 1904. The scope of the discussion ends with the Martian opposition of 1907. During this period, the Martian and Panamanian canal narratives intersected at points that reveal mutual values relating to the use of political rhetoric in science and the idealization of science and scientists. Some of those shared values include the dichotomy of old and new, the emphasis on technoscientific progress, and the relationship among wilderness, masculinity, and self-determination. The first section provides context for the larger canal debate. The second section discusses instances in which contemporary media considered the outcomes if Martians, in the forms of both laborers and engineers, were to assist humans in the building of the Panama Canal. By considering their intervention, Martians became idealized into the archetypes of the efficient worker and the objective expert. This section emphasizes a series of articles published in 1905–06 by the first chief engineer for the U.S. Isthmian Canal Commission, John F. Wallace (1852–1921). The third section further explores the political rhetoric of the canal debate by comparing the public identities of Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) and Percival Lowell (1855–1916), both champions of their respective canal intrigues. This comparison reveals the Martian canal debate as one steeped in Progressive Era political ideology as well as other sociopolitical norms. In conclusion, we are left with two versions of the scientific ideal—the objective, apolitical expert and the heroic scientist.

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31

Guevara Mann, Carlos, and Joaquín Denis. "Modern Panama, de Conniff y Bigler." Investigación y Pensamiento Crítico 8, no. 3 (2020): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37387/ipc.v8i3.175.

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Cambridge University Press, una de las editoriales universitarias más prestigiosas, publicó en 2019 Modern Panama: From Occupation to Crossroads of the Americas, cuyos autores son el conocido historiador Michael L. Conniff y el diplomático Gene E. Bigler, ambos estadounidenses. La versión en español, Panamá moderno: De territorio ocupado a centro de las Américas fue publicada simultáneamente por la Fundación Ciudad del Saber y Novo Art. Esta reseña se basa en el texto original (en inglés), al cual corresponden las referencias y los números de página indicados a continuación. Un pasado de tensiones Modern Panama cubre nuestra historia reciente a partir de 1980. El primer capítulo, sin embargo, se remonta a los orígenes de Panamá como Estado nominalmente independiente, tras su separación de Colombia en 1903. Este capítulo enfatiza las tensiones entre Panamá y Estados Unidos a lo largo del siglo XX, que culminaron en los acontecimientos del 9 de enero de 1964. En esa ocasión, tres días de protesta nacionalista dejaron un trágico saldo de 25 muertos (incluidos cuatro soldados estadounidenses). Los autores destacan el trato discriminatorio recibido por muchos panameños en la Zona del Canal bajo administración estadounidense (1904-1979). Los panameños eran excluidos y, a menudo, intimidados por los “zonians” y funcionarios de la Zona del Canal, contribuyendo así a crear relaciones poco saludables entre ambas partes. El golpe militar de 1968—y la dictadura de 21 años a la cual dio origen—también son abordados en el primer capítulo. El golpe de 1968 impulsó el ascenso al poder de la Guardia Nacional, inicialmente dominada por dos oficiales, Boris Martínez y Omar Torrijos. A principios del año siguiente, Torrijos depuso a Martínez y, en colaboración con agencias estadounidenses de inteligencia, lo envió al exilio a Miami. Durante los siguientes doce años, Torrijos fue el dictador de Panamá. Después de firmar con Estados Unidos dos tratados sobre el canal, en 1977, anunció un supuesto “retorno a la democracia”. Relajó las restricciones a la actividad política y, en 1978, seleccionó para presidente de la República a uno de sus colaboradores, Aristides Royo.

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32

Woo, Stephen. "Re-documenting the US Invasion of Panamá amid the Contact Zone in Diciembres." JCMS: Journal of Cinema and Media Studies 62, no. 4 (2023): 80–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cj.2023.a904628.

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abstract: Using the film Diciembres (Decembers, Enrique Castro Ríos, 2018) as its case study, this article details the historical link between the Panama Canal—from its construction to ensuing struggles for its control—and the early development of cinema. The article moreover interrogates the zoning practices that inform the logics of both the canal and cinema in general. The argument puts film theory and decolonial thought into conversation with Diciembres , which narrativizes the 1989 US invasion of Panamá, as the formal operation of this film demonstrates yet transgresses the notion of a "contact zone" within de/colonial imaginaries.

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33

Manwaring, Max G. "The Security of Panama and the Canal: Now and for the Future." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 35, no. 3 (1993): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165972.

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The old certainties of the Cold War, and the conventional attrition-type war implicit in it, have gone. In their place we now have a world of dangerous uncertainty and ambiguity in which old concepts of security are no longer relevant. The present security and future of Panama and the Panama Canal after the year 2000 is a case in point.This article will take a look at the issue of Canal security within the context of the contemporary “new world disorder” and develop the argument for a new approach to deal with current and future challenges to Panamanian and international security interests.The bottom line is this: the security of Panama and the Panama Canal — or any other point of strategic interest, now and for the future — will not depend so much on conventional military strategies as it will depend on international and domestic policies that provide for political stability, economic progress, and social justice.

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34

Slack, Brian, and Robert McCalla. "Le canal de Panama à un carrefour." Études internationales 34, no. 2 (2004): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/009174ar.

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Résumé Le canal de Panama revêt une grande importance géopolitique et commerciale. Durant le 20e siècle, Panama représentait une extension de l’hégémonie hémisphérique des États-Unis. Grâce à un traité, les États-Unis ont maintenu un contrôle territorial sur ce lien ténu mais vital entre l’Amérique centrale et l’Amérique du Sud, et opéré le canal de Panama. L’ancienne zone du canal est maintenant sous contrôle panaméen. Mais de récentes tendances commerciales et des changements technologiques forcent une réévaluation du canal, notamment en fonction de la croissance des économies d’échelle dans le transport maritime de conteneurs. Le texte explore comment les autorités panaméennes tentent de répondre à ces défis. Bien que la souveraineté et le contrôle du canal furent transférés aux autorités locales, des facteurs et des acteurs internationaux transforment l’horizon de planification. Une compagnie de chemin de fer américaine modernise les voies ferrées. Un conglomérat de Hong Kong développe deux terminaux portuaires, alors qu’une compagnie maritime taïwanaise en développe un troisième. L’importance et l’intérêt international de cette région semblent se poursuivre.

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35

Strain, Ellen. "Stereoscopic Visions: Touring The Panama Canal." Visual Anthropology Review 12, no. 2 (1996): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/var.1996.12.2.44.

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36

Legget, Robert F. "Donald MacDonald and the Panama Canal." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 30, no. 4 (1993): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t93-048.

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During the construction of the Panama Canal by the United States of America (1904–1914) geology was conspicuous by its absence, despite the problems with landslides, first experienced during the French construction venture (1880–1889), and especially in the Gaillard Cut through the Continental Divide. In 1913, the United States Geological Survey seconded a young geologist on their staff, Donald MacDonald, to reside on the Canal for the remainder of the construction period. Although too late to assist with the control of the slides, his studies of their causes, and of the local geology, received the highest praise from the Committee of Enquiry appointed by the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1915 after two bad slides had effectively closed the Canal for 6 months. The report of this important committee, composed equally of civil engineers and geologists, is one of the "classics" of early geotechnical literature. And MacDonald was a Canadian from Pictou County, Nova Scotia! An outline of his life is presented as a tribute to this pioneer Canadian geotechnical worker, still virtually unknown. Key words : Panama Canal, Donald MacDonald, geology, landslides, geotechnical pioneer.

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37

Brown, Jeff L. "Between Two Oceans: The Panama Canal." Civil Engineering Magazine Archive 84, no. 7 (2014): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/ciegag.0000585.

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38

Knee, Patricia Lynn. "Yellow Fever Hits Panama Canal Zone." Bulletin of Anesthesia History 17, no. 4 (1999): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1522-8649(99)50053-x.

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39

Loewenberg, Maya. "Sedimentation in the Panama Canal Watershed." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 8, no. 3-4 (1999): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v08n03_07.

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40

Kirkpatrick., R. Z. "WATER SUPPLY OF THE PANAMA CANAL." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 34, no. 4 (2009): 645–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1922.tb00471.x.

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41

Brusso, Barry C. "The Panama Canal: Milestone Highlights [History]." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 29, no. 5 (2023): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2023.3283108.

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42

Dinneen, James. "Dire straits for the Panama Canal." New Scientist 261, no. 3477 (2024): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(24)00253-7.

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43

Rivadeneira Velásquez, Ricardo Guillermo. "El mundo al instante. Noticias de prensa sobre Colombia y Panamá durante la Primera Guerra Mundial." Revista Grafía- Cuaderno de trabajo de los profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Universidad Autónoma de Colombia 11, no. 2 (2014): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26564/16926250.519.

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ResumenSe propone un recorrido que analiza la manera como la prensa colombiana brindaba información sobre los sucesos de la guerra, de manera especial en lo que concernía a las presiones para que Colombia y otras naciones latinoamericanas abandonaran la neutralidad. Desde una perspectiva política y económica se expone el desarrollo industrial de Gran Bretaña, Alemania y Francia, buscando explicar la guerra comercial que produjo determinaciones geo-estratégicas, como el uso del Canal de Panamá como enclave desde el cual se controlaba el tránsito marítimo de navíos y supuestos submarinos, elementos que se constituyeron en un factor determinante para imprimirle terror a los aliados.Palabras clave: Primera Guerra mundial, Prensa, Colombia, Canal de Panamá**********************************************************The World right now Press news about Colombia and Panama during the First World WarAbstractWe propose an overview that analyses how the Colombian press provided information about the war events, in the special way in which it makes pressure to Colombia and other Latin-American nations in order to abandon the neutrality. Since a political and economical perspective we expose the industrial development of Great Britain, Germany and France, searching a commercial explanation that produced geo-strategies determinations, as the use of Panamá channel like a enclave from where it was controlled the maritime transit of vessels and supposed submarines, elements which were constituted as a determinant factor to impose terror on the allies. Key words: First World War, Press, Colombia, Panama Channel.**********************************************************O mundo agora. Notícias de imprensa sobre a Colômbia e o Panamá durante a Primeira Guerra MundialResumoPropõe-se aqui analisar a forma como a imprensa colombiana informava sobre os acontecimentos da guerra, especialmente no que se refere às pressões para que a Colômbia e outras nações latino-americanas abandonassem a neutralidade. Em perspectiva política e econômica se expõe o desenvolvimento industrial da Grã-Bretanha, Alemanha e França, buscando explicar a guerra comercial que produziu determinações geo-estratégicas, como o uso do Canal do Panamá como enclave a partir do qual se controlava o trânsito de navios e supostos submarinos, elementos que se constituíram num fator determinante para produzir terror entre os aliados.Palavras-chave: Primeira Guerra Mundial, Imprensa, Colômbia, Canal do Panamá.

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Sandhu, Maqsood, and Asadullah Khan. "Benchmarking project management dimensions at the lapse of a century." Benchmarking: An International Journal 24, no. 6 (2017): 1675–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-03-2016-0043.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to investigate project management dimensions while constructing the Panama Canal from the end of ninetieth century to the start of twentieth century and then benchmarking against the Palm Diera Island at the lapse of a century. Second, to highlight issues of project management, specially the risk management with its economic, social and political domains at the construction site and in France and America. Design/methodology/approach The case study research method of qualitative research has been adopted when comparing two mega projects executed in different time and space. For the Panama Canal project documentation investigation was performed. However, a semi-structured interview data collection method was adopted for the Palm Diera Island project. A comparative study of two projects helps in deeper understanding of cross-project management dimensions. Findings The research reveals that the French team failed to complete the Panama Canal construction project due to inadequate planning, inappropriate design, lack of risk management, health and safety of the staff and non-availability of finances. However, the Americans successfully completed construction of the canal within budget and time and this was due to the support of change in the purpose of the canal construction adding to achieve its commercial objectives and at the same time strengthen its naval presence. American took its construction as a national objective than the individual enterprise as executed by the French team. Research limitations/implications Data collection for the Panama Canal was limited to only historical data available from the literature as documentary investigation. The researchers visited the canal to get in-depth understanding of the construction practices and the scale of construction. However, for the Palm Diera project, data collection was limited to three key personnel interviews. Practical implications The Americans were successful in completing the canal due to the US Government control on management and finances of the canal construction and lessons learned during the French construction period. The paper serves as a benchmark for project management dimension in two different regions in different times. The paper bears economic implications for the construction of the mega projects both in South America and the Middle East. Cost overrun construction of the Panama Canal during the French period influenced political spectrum in France resulting into the defeat of the government. During the American period of construction first time out of country visit by the sitting president of the USA reflects its economic and social importance. The valley of death was converted into the valley comfort during the American period resulting into social welfare of the workers. Completion of the canal by the Americans helped them secure operations of the Panama Canal for the next 100 years, contributing to its economic and naval strength. Social implications The paper reveals that safety and social implications for the work place in two different regions and at two different times. The impact of safe and improved working conditions at Palm Diera Island resulted into no injury or loss of life, however, during the Panama Canal construction more than 30,000 workers died affecting not only families of the respective workers but their nations as well. The impacts of both the projects on the society were also significant. The public opinion against the construction of the canal during the French period of construction was so significant that they had to abandon their construction equipment at the site. On the contrary, completion of construction of the Panama Canal during the French period helped secured political mileage for President Roosevelt and his party. Originality/value The paper benchmarks two different mega projects with different scope executed in two different regions at the lapse of a century. No such research work was found to have compared project management dimensions of two mega projects at the lapse of a century and in two different regions.

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45

Kurz, Gerhard E. "The Panama Canal: Waterway for the Twenty-First Century." Marine Technology Society Journal 35, no. 2 (2001): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533201788001857.

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This paper describes what is happening in Panama with regard to the Canal's current operation and future plans. Beginning with a history of the Canal's recent ownership transfer from the United States back to Panama, the paper continues by describing changing trends in the use of the Canal. A brief discussion of laws in place that prevent interruption of Canal operation, such as provisions against strikes, is also included. Other interesting specifics, such as the fact that usage of the Canal is increasing and so are the sizes of the ships using the Canal, are incorporated throughout the discussion. Future renovations look promising, and there is no reason to fear for the future of the Canal and its increasingly important role in this ever-changing world.

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46

Kopec, Andrew. "War on Dirt: Aesthetics, Empire, and Infrastructure in the Low Nineteenth Century." American Literature 93, no. 3 (2021): 361–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-9361223.

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Abstract This essay considers the politico-aesthetics of infrastructure by focusing on poems that anticipate, justify, and critique internal improvements, from Joel Barlow’s early Republican vision of the Erie and Panama Canals to texts that document the ruin caused by the works Barlow imagined as glorious. Historical scholarship has long assessed the mania for cutting roads and canals into the landscape. But engaging an emerging infrastructuralism—and turning to imaginative texts that exist underneath the ground typically trod by US literary studies, from Philip Freneau’s celebratory ode to the Erie Canal to Harriet Beecher Stowe’s and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s ironic canal travel sketches to Margarita Engle’s recent historical verse-novel tallying the devastations of the Panama Canal—this essay identifies an infrastructural dialectic in which writers view infrastructure, initially, as awesome so as to justify its ecological and social violence and, subsequently, as banal so as to render it invisible within the settler state. Oscillating between awe and irritation, the sublime and the stuplime, then, these texts both expose the rhythm of infrastructure’s long—that is, low—relation to the structure of coloniality and, in Engle’s case, model how to disrupt it so as to imagine a more just life “after” infrastructure.

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47

Brady, Sean. "Nicaragua, Panama and the dream of a canal (part 2)." Structural Engineer 94, no. 5 (2016): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56330/ylrn1453.

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48

Conniff, M. L. "The Canal Builders: Making America's Empire at the Panama Canal." Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas 7, no. 2 (2010): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-2009-079.

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49

Moryadee, Seksun, and Steven A. Gabriel. "Panama Canal Expansion: Will Panama Canal Be a Game-Changer for Liquefied Natural Gas Exports to Asia?" Journal of Energy Engineering 143, no. 1 (2017): 04016024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000365.

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50

Coloane Luque, Rodrigo A., and Luis A. Gil Alana. "Long memory of river streams in the canal of Panama watershed." International Journal of Hydrology 7, no. 3 (2023): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2023.07.00348.

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Study region: It refers to the time series analysis of streamflow patterns in the six principal rivers of the Canal of Panama. Study focus: Using recent time series modeling techniques in fractional or I(d) frameworks, it offer an insight into the hydrology of the Panama Canal watershed. Objectives: The main objective is to determine if the river flows at the Canal of Panama watershed display long memory, and based on that, investigate if significant trends are present across time. Novelty: The use of updated time series techniques in the analysis of long memory and time trends in river flow data. New hydrological insights for the region: The results first indicate that long memory is present in all cases, with no significant trends whatsoever. While some series display evidence of seasonality, they are all mean-reverting. The implication of the results obtained is that climatological or hydrological shocks affecting these river streamflows may take a longer time to disappear.

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