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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Patella Physiology"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 19 de febrero de 2022

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1

Stanescu, A., Anh-Vu Ngo, Marguerite Parisi, Ramesh Iyer, and Ezekiel Maloney. "The Pediatric Patella: Normal Development, Anatomical Variants and Malformations, Stability, Imaging, and Injury Patterns." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 22, no. 01 (February 2018): 081–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608004.

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AbstractWe discuss the pediatric patella, with an emphasis on diagnostic imaging. Topics include normal patellar development, anatomical variants and their physiologic significance, genetic syndromes that alter the appearance of the patella, physiology of patellar tracking and stability, patellofemoral instability, and injury patterns and classification. Recognition of appropriate development on imaging prevents diagnostic error and unnecessary evaluation. Knowledge of the pertinent features of syndromes associated with morphological patellar abnormalities can aid in generating a succinct and

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2

Li, Guoan, Ramprasad Papannagari, Kyung Wook Nha, Louis E. DeFrate, Thomas J. Gill, and Harry E. Rubash. "The Coupled Motion of the Femur and Patella During In Vivo Weightbearing Knee Flexion." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 129, no. 6 (April 19, 2007): 937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2803267.

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The movement of the knee joint consists of a coupled motion between the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral articulations. This study measured the six degrees-of-freedom kinematics of the tibia, femur, and patella using dual-orthogonal fluoroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. Ten normal knees from ten living subjects were investigated during weightbearing flexion from full extension to maximum flexion. The femoral and the patellar motions were measured relative to the tibia. The femur externally rotated by 12.9deg and the patella tilted laterally by 16.3deg during the full range of knee flexion

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3

Sheehan, F. T., F. E. Zajac, and J. E. Drace. "In Vivo Tracking of the Human Patella Using Cine Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 650–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2800868.

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Improper patellar tracking is often considered to be the cause of patellar-femoral pain. Unfortunately, our knowledge of patellar-femoral-tibial (knee) joint kinematics is severely limited due to a lack of three-dimensional, noninvasive, in vivo measurement techniques. This study presents the first large-scale, dynamic, three-dimensional, noninvasive, in vivo study of nonimpaired knee joint kinematics during volitional leg extensions. Cine-phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the velocity profiles of the patella, femur, and tibia in 18 unimpaired knees during leg exten

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4

Steen, H., K. F. Tseng, S. A. Goldstein, and J. E. Carpenter. "Harvest of Patellar Tendon (Bone–Tendon–Bone) Autograft for ACL Reconstruction Significantly Alters Surface Strain in the Human Patella." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835108.

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The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft harvest for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction on the surface strain of the human patella. Through progressive removal of bone from the patella, three different defect shapes as well as the intact patella were tested in each of seven knees. Maximum principal strain and corresponding principal direction were determined from each of three gages around the defect for the four conditions (intact plus three defect shapes). There were no statistically significant differences in overall average sur

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5

Tu¨mer, Sami Turgut, and Ali Erkan Engin. "Three-Body Segment Dynamic Model of the Human Knee." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 115, no. 4A (November 1, 1993): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895497.

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In this paper, a two-dimensional, three-body segment dynamic model of the human knee is introduced. The model includes tibio-femoral and patello-femoral articulations, and anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, medial collateral, lateral collateral, and patellar ligaments. It enables one to obtain dynamic response of the knee joint to any one or combination of quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius muscle actions, as well as any externally applied forces on the lower leg. A specially developed human knee animation program is utilized in order to fine tune some model parameters. Nume

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6

Witzgall, Ralph. "Nail-patella syndrome." Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 469, no. 7-8 (July 5, 2017): 927–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00424-017-2013-z.

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7

Kubo, Keitaro, Toshihiro Ikebukuro, Katsutoshi Yaeshima, Hideaki Yata, Naoya Tsunoda, and Hiroaki Kanehisa. "Effects of static and dynamic training on the stiffness and blood volume of tendon in vivo." Journal of Applied Physiology 106, no. 2 (February 2009): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91381.2008.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of static and dynamic training on the stiffness and blood volume of the human tendon in vivo. Ten subjects completed 12 wk (4 days/wk) of a unilateral training program for knee extensors. They performed static training on one side [ST; 70% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)] and dynamic training on the other side (DT; 80% of one repetition maximum). Before and after training, MVC, neural activation level (by interpolated twitch), muscle volume (by magnetic resonance imaging), stiffness of tendon-aponeurosis complex and patella tendon

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8

Ahmed, A. M., N. A. Duncan, and M. Tanzer. "In Vitro Measurement of the Tracking Pattern of the Human Patella." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835107.

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This study sought to determine whether a general pattern describing the three-dimensional tracking characteristics of the human patella could be established, and if not, then to determine the extent and nature of interspecimen variations in the characteristics in a normal population. Using 32 fresh-frozen knees subjected to extensor moment magnitudes similar to those in “static-lifting” and “leg-raising against resistance” maneuvers, patellar displacements were measured in the knee extension range 120 to 0 deg. For static-lifting, a constant foot-floor reaction of 334 N was applied. For leg-ra

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9

Carroll, C. C., J. M. Dickinson, J. M. Haus, G. A. Lee, C. J. Hollon, P. Aagaard, S. P. Magnusson, and T. A. Trappe. "Influence of aging on the in vivo properties of human patellar tendon." Journal of Applied Physiology 105, no. 6 (December 2008): 1907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00059.2008.

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Tendons are important for optimal muscle force transfer to bone and play a key role in functional ability. Changes in tendon properties with aging could contribute to declines in physical function commonly associated with aging. We investigated the in vivo mechanical properties of the patellar tendon in 37 men and women [11 young (27 ± 1 yr) and 26 old (65 ± 1 yr)] using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patella displacement relative to the tibia was monitored with ultrasonography during ramped isometric contractions of the knee extensors, and MRI was used to determine tend

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10

Clark, D. A., D. L. Simpson, J. D. Eldridge, V. Pai, and G. R. Colborne. "Functional assessment of outcome of surgery to correct patellofemoral instability in human patients." Comparative Exercise Physiology 16, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190045.

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A case-control study with 6 months of patient follow up. This study sought to determine if surgery followed by rehabilitation for patellar instability could restore normal gait function. A previous study has established abnormalities in gait pattern and joint congruence in patients with a history of patellar instability. We hypothesised that surgery for patellofemoral instability would improve knee function. Eight human patients (mean age 29, range 17-42) who were awaiting patella stabilisation surgery (5 tibial tuberosity osteotomy, 2 medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, 1 trochleop

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11

Clifford, Amanda M., and Elaine Harrington. "The Effect of Patellar Taping on Squat Depth and the Perception of Pain in People with Anterior Knee Pain." Journal of Human Kinetics 37, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0031.

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Patellar taping is a treatment adjunct commonly used in the management of anterior knee pain. The aim of this cross sectional study was to investigate the effects of medial glide patellar taping on sagittal plane lower-limb joint kinematics and knee pain during a unilateral squat in a symptomatic population complaining of anterior knee pain. Ten participants with a history of unilateral or bilateral anterior knee pain were included in the study. Subjects were required to squat on the symptomatic leg under three conditions: placebo tape, patellar tape and no tape. Kinematic data was recorded us

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12

Haraldsson, B. T., P. Aagaard, M. Krogsgaard, T. Alkjaer, M. Kjaer, and S. P. Magnusson. "Region-specific mechanical properties of the human patella tendon." Journal of Applied Physiology 98, no. 3 (March 2005): 1006–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00482.2004.

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The present study investigated the mechanical properties of tendon fascicles from the anterior and posterior human patellar tendon. Collagen fascicles from the anterior and posterior human patellar tendon in healthy young men (mean ± SD, 29.0 ± 4.6 yr, n = 6) were tested in a mechanical rig. A stereoscopic microscope equipped with a digital camera recorded elongation. The fascicles were preconditioned five cycles before the failure test based on pilot data on rat tendon fascicle. Human fascicle length increased with repeated cycles ( P < 0.05); cycle 5 differed from cycle 1 ( P < 0.05),

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13

Amr, R., and Q. Choudry. "Monostotic Paget's disease of the patella." Bone 39, no. 6 (December 2006): 1382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2006.06.020.

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14

Caruntu, Dumitru I., and Mohamed Samir Hefzy. "3-D Anatomically Based Dynamic Modeling of the Human Knee to Include Tibio-Femoral and Patello-Femoral Joints." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 126, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1644565.

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An anatomical dynamic model consisting of three body segments, femur, tibia and patella, has been developed in order to determine the three-dimensional dynamic response of the human knee. Deformable contact was allowed at all articular surfaces, which were mathematically represented using Coons’ bicubic surface patches. Nonlinear elastic springs were used to model all ligamentous structures. Two joint coordinate systems were employed to describe the six-degrees-of-freedom tibio-femoral (TF) and patello-femoral (PF) joint motions using twelve kinematic parameters. Two versions of the model were

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15

Maden-Wilkinson, Thomas M., Thomas G. Balshaw, Garry J. Massey, and Jonathan P. Folland. "What makes long-term resistance-trained individuals so strong? A comparison of skeletal muscle morphology, architecture, and joint mechanics." Journal of Applied Physiology 128, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1000–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00224.2019.

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Here we demonstrate that the larger muscle strength (+60%) of a long-term (4+ yr) resistance-trained group compared with untrained controls was due to their similarly larger muscle volume (+56%), primarily due to a larger physiological cross-sectional area and modest differences in fascicle length, as well as modest differences in maximum voluntary specific tension and patella tendon moment arm. In addition, the present study refutes the possibility of regional hypertrophy, despite large differences in muscle volume.

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16

Tsakoniti, Aikaterini E., Christoforos A. Stoupis, and Spyros I. Athanasopoulos. "Quadriceps cross-sectional area changes in young healthy men with different magnitude of Q angle." Journal of Applied Physiology 105, no. 3 (September 2008): 800–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00961.2007.

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Knee pain and dysfunction have been often associated with an ineffective pull of the patella by the vastus medialis (VM) relative to the vastus lateralis (VL), particularly in individuals with knee joint malalignment. Such changes in muscular behavior may be attributed to muscle inhibition and/or atrophy that precedes the onset of symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate possible effects of knee joint malalignment, indicated by a high quadriceps (Q) angle (HQ angle >15°), on the anatomic cross-sectional area (aCSA) of the entire quadriceps and its individual parts, in a group of 1

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17

Li, Xiaowei, Roger C. Haut, and Nicholas J. Altiero. "An Analytical Model to Study Blunt Impact Response of the Rabbit P-F Joint." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 117, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2794212.

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While mechanisms of post-traumatic osteoarthrosis are largely unknown, excessive stresses and strains generated in articular cartilage and the underlying bone may play a role. In this manuscript a technique is described for studying the impact response of a diarthrodial joint. A mathematical model of the rabbit PF joint indicated that contact pressures predicted by a quasi-static plane strain linear elastic model compared well with experimental data when Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus of the cartilage were 0.49 and 2 MPa, respectively. This value for the elastic modulus compared well with

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18

SHULTZ, JEFFREY W. "Muscle Firing Patterns in two Arachnids using different methods of Propulsive Leg Extension." Journal of Experimental Biology 162, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.162.1.313.

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Activity patterns of six morphologically similar, homologous muscles were recorded from the fourth leg pair in two species of arachnids that use different mechanisms to extend the femur-patella (knee) joint during locomotion. The giant whipscorpion Mastigoproctus giganteus (Uropygi) lacks femur-patella extensor muscles but extends this joint with hydraulic pressure, a mechanism that appears to be phylogenetically primitive in arachnids. The black emperor scorpion Pandinus imperator (Scorpiones) has an unusual muscle that promotes simultaneous extension at the femur-patella joint and distally a

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19

Luo, Zong-Ping, Horng-Chaung Hsu, James A. Rand, and Kai-Nan An. "Importance of Soft Tissue Integrity on Biomechanical Studies of the Patella After TKA." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 118, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795938.

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This study evaluated the effects of soft tissue integrity on patellar tracking and patellofemoral joint force after total knee arthroplasty. The results indicate that partial dissection of the soft tissue integrity in the in vitro biomechanical studies of the patellofemoral joint can alter patellar tracking and joint force significantly, leading to improper conclusions.

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20

Miller, Benjamin F., Jens L. Olesen, Mette Hansen, Simon Døssing, Regina M. Crameri, Rasmus J. Welling, Henning Langberg, et al. "Coordinated collagen and muscle protein synthesis in human patella tendon and quadriceps muscle after exercise." Journal of Physiology 567, no. 3 (September 2005): 1021–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2005.093690.

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21

Singerman, R., J. Berilla, M. Archdeacon, and A. Peyser. "In Vitro Forces in the Normal and Cruciate-Deficient Knee During Simulated Squatting Motion." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835109.

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Three orthogonal components of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral forces were measured simultaneously for knees with intact cruciate ligaments (nine knees), following anterior cruciate ligament resection (six knees), and subsequent posterior cruciate ligament resection (six knees). The knees were loaded using an experimental protocol that modeled static double-leg squat. The mean compressive tibial force increased with flexion angle. The mean anteroposterior tibial shear force acted posteriorly on the tibia below 50 deg flexion and anteriorly above 55 deg. Mediolateral shear forces were low c

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22

Farzam, Parisa, Peyman Zirak, Tiziano Binzoni, and Turgut Durduran. "Pulsatile and steady-state hemodynamics of the human patella bone by diffuse optical spectroscopy." Physiological Measurement 34, no. 8 (July 17, 2013): 839–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0967-3334/34/8/839.

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23

Gawda, Piotr, Michał Ginszt, Magdalena Zawadka, Maria Skublewska-Paszkowska, Jakub Smołka, Edyta Łukasik, and Piotr Majcher. "Bioelectrical Activity of Vastus Medialis and Rectus Femoris Muscles in Recreational Runners with Anterior Knee Pain." Journal of Human Kinetics 66, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0065.

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Abstract Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), the most common source of knee pain among physically active individuals, is defined as anterior knee pain involving the patella and retinaculum that excludes other intraarticular and peri-patellar pathology. Differences in the activation and endurance of the quadriceps components, causing an imbalance in the forces controlling patellar tracking during flexion and extension in the knee joint, appear to be the most commonly reported risk factors for PFPS. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in bioelectric activity of vastus mediali

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24

Hicks, K. M., G. Onambélé-Pearson, K. Winwood, and C. I. Morse. "Oral contraceptive pill use and the susceptibility to markers of exercise-induced muscle damage." European Journal of Applied Physiology 117, no. 7 (May 11, 2017): 1393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3629-6.

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Abstract Purpose Firstly, to establish whether oral contraceptive pill (OCP) users are more susceptible to muscle damage compared to non-users, and secondly, to establish whether differences can be attributed to differences in patella tendon properties. Methods Nine female OCP users and 9 female non-users participated in the investigation. Combining dynamometry, electromyography and ultrasonography, patella tendon properties and vastus lateralis architectural properties were measured pre and during the first of 6 sets of 12 maximal voluntary eccentric knee extensions. Serum oestrogen levels we

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25

Spang, Robert, Jonathan Egan, Philip Hanna, Aron Lechtig, Daniel Haber, Joseph P. DeAngelis, Ara Nazarian, and Arun J. Ramappa. "Comparison of Patellofemoral Kinematics and Stability After Medial Patellofemoral Ligament and Medial Quadriceps Tendon–Femoral Ligament Reconstruction." American Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 9 (June 18, 2020): 2252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520930703.

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Background: There is a lack of evidence regarding the optimum extensor-sided fixation method for medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction. There is increased interest in avoiding patellar drilling via soft tissue–only fixation to the distal quadriceps, thus reconstructing the medial quadriceps tendon–femoral ligament (MQTFL). The biomechanical implications of differing extensor-sided fixation constructs remain unknown. Hypothesis: The null hypothesis was there would be no differences between traditional MPFL reconstruction and MQTFL reconstruction with respect to resistance to late

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26

Lin, Ying, Juan Zhao, Shipei Chen, Xuebin Zeng, Qiong Du, Yang Yang, Fang Lu, Yonghong Pu, and Zhenglin Yang. "A novel mutation in LMX1B gene causes nail-patella syndrome in a large Chinese family." Bone 43, no. 3 (September 2008): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2008.04.025.

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27

Michaelidis, B., A. Lazou, and I. Beis. "Purification, catalytic and regulatory properties of pyruvate kinase from the foot of Patella caerulea (L.)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 82, no. 2 (January 1985): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(85)90260-3.

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28

Lazou, A., C. Gaitanaki, B. Michaelidis, A. Papadopoulos, and Is Beis. "Purification, catalytic and regulatory properties of malate dehydrogenase from the foot of Patella caerulea (L.)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 88, no. 4 (January 1987): 1033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(87)90002-2.

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29

Newberry, W. N., J. J. Garcia, C. D. Mackenzie, C. E. Decamp, and R. C. Haut. "Analysis of Acute Mechanical Insult in an Animal Model of Post-traumatic Osteoarthrosis." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834882.

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Chronic degeneration of articular cartilage and bone in a rabbit model of post-traumatic osteoarthrosis has been hypothesized to occur due to acute stresses that exceed a threshold for injury. In this study, we impacted the rabbit patellofemoral joint at low and high intensities. High-intensity impacts produced degenerative changes in the joint, such as softening of retropatellar cartilage, as measured by indentation, an increase in histopathology of the cartilage, and an increase in thickness of sub-chondral bone underlying the cartilage. Low-intensity impacts did not cause these progressive

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30

Brazão, Sónia, Sofia Morais, Diana Boaventura, Pedro Ré, Luı́s Narciso, and Stephen J. Hawkins. "Spatial and temporal variation of the fatty acid composition of Patella spp. (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) soft bodies and gonads." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 136, no. 3 (November 2003): 425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1096-4959(03)00243-4.

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Michaelidis, Basile, and Isidoros Beis. "Studies on the anaerobic energy metabolism in the foot muscle of marine gastropod Patella caerulea (L.)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 95, no. 3 (January 1990): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(90)90009-i.

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Rådegran, G., E. Blomstrand, and B. Saltin. "Peak muscle perfusion and oxygen uptake in humans: importance of precise estimates of muscle mass." Journal of Applied Physiology 87, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 2375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.6.2375.

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The knee extensor exercise model was specifically developed to enable in vivo estimates of peak muscle blood flow and O2 uptake in humans. The original finding, using thermodilution measurements to measure blood flow in relation to muscle mass [P. Andersen and B. Saltin. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 366: 233–249, 1985], was questioned, however, as the measurements were two- to threefold higher than those previously obtained with the133Xe clearance and the plethysmography technique. As thermodilution measurements have now been confirmed by other methods and independent research groups, we aimed to addre

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33

Michaelidis, B., A. Lazou, and Is Beis. "The possible role of glycolytic enzyme binding in the control of glycolysis in Patella caerulea foot muscle during stimulation." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 93, no. 2 (January 1989): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(89)90076-x.

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Seyfarth, E. A., and A. S. French. "Intracellular characterization of identified sensory cells in a new spider mechanoreceptor preparation." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 1422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.4.1422.

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1. We have developed an isolated mechanoreceptor-organ preparation in which the intact sensory structures are available for mechanical stimulation and electrical recording. The anterior lyriform slit sense organ on the patella of the spider, Cupiennius salei Keys., consists of seven or eight cuticular slits, each innervated by a pair of large bipolar sensory neurons. The neurons are fusiform, and the largest somata are < or = 120 microns long. The innervation of the organ was characterized by light microscopy of neurons backfilled with neuronal tracers. Intracellular recording was used to m

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35

Li, Guoan, Louis DeFrate, Jeremy Suggs, and Thomas Gill. "Determination of Optimal Graft Lengths for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction—A Theoretical Analysis." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1554409.

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Various graft materials have been used in posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. However, it is unclear if these grafts can reproduce the structural behavior of the PCL. This paper analyzed the effect of graft length on the structural behavior of the graft using a minimal deformation energy method. An analytical solution was obtained to determine the optimal effective graft length that can best reproduce the structural behavior of the PCL. This optimal graft length was determined as a function of the axial rigidity of the graft. Two typical grafts, bone-patella tendon-bone (BPTB) an

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36

Höger, Ulli, Päivi H. Torkkeli, Ernst-August Seyfarth, and Andrew S. French. "Ionic Selectivity of Mechanically Activated Channels in Spider Mechanoreceptor Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 2079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.4.2079.

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Höger, Ulli, Päivi H. Torkkeli, Ernst-August Seyfarth, and Andrew S. French. Ionic selectivity of mechanically activated channels in spider mechanoreceptor neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2079–2085, 1997. The lyriform slit-sense organ on the patella of the spider, Cupiennius salei, consists of seven or eight slits, with each slit innervated by a pair of mechanically sensitive neurons. Mechanotransduction is believed to occur at the tips of the dendrites, which are surrounded by a Na+-rich receptor lymph. We studied the ionic basis of sensory transduction in these neurons by voltage-clamp measure

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37

Boyd, S. K., J. L. Ronsky, D. D. Lichti, D. Sˇalkauskas, and M. A. Chapman. "Joint Surface Modeling With Thin-Plate Splines." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 121, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835083.

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Mathematical joint surface models based on experimentally determined data points can be used to investigate joint characteristics such as curvature, congruency, cartilage thickness, joint contact areas, as well as to provide geometric information well suited for finite element analysis. Commonly, surface modeling methods are based on B-splines, which involve tensor products. These methods have had success; however, they are limited due to the complex organizational aspect of working with surface patches, and modeling unordered, scattered experimental data points. An alternative method for math

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Gouze-Decaris, Elvire, Lionel Philippe, Alain Minn, Philippe Haouzi, Pierre Gillet, Patrick Netter, and Bernard Terlain. "Neurophysiological basis for neurogenic-mediated articular cartilage anabolism alteration." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 280, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): R115—R122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.1.r115.

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This study was designed to investigate the pathways involved in neurogenic-mediated articular cartilage damage triggered by a nonsystemic distant subcutaneous or intra-articular inflammation. The cartilage damage was assessed 24 h after subcutaneous or intra-articular complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection measuring patellar proteoglycan (PG) synthesis (ex vivo [Na2 35SO4] incorporation) in 96 Wistar rats. Unilateral subcutaneous or intra-articular injection of CFA induced significant decrease (25–29%) in PG synthesis in both patellae. Chronic administration of capsaicin (50 mg · kg−1 · da

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39

Haut, R. C., T. M. Ide, and C. E. De Camp. "Mechanical Responses of the Rabbit Patello-Femoral Joint to Blunt Impact." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 117, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2794199.

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Various studies suggest impact trauma may initially soften cartilage, damage subchondral bone, or a combination thereof. The initial damages are commonly thought due to excessive contact pressures generated on cartilage and the underlying bone. The objective of this research was to develop a small animal model for studying post-traumatic OA and to correlate contact pressures with tissue damage. Blunt insult was graded by dropping a rigid mass onto the hyperflexed hind limb of rabbits. Contact pressure in the patello-femoral joint was measured with pressure sensitive film. One, 3, 6, and 14 day

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40

Kenny, Glen P., Frank D. Reardon, Michel B. Ducharme, Mark L. Reardon, and Wytek Zaleski. "Tissue Temperature Transients in Resting Contra-Lateral Leg Muscle Tissue During Isolated Knee Extension." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 27, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h02-030.

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This study was designed to evaluate the role of non-active tissue in the retention and dissipation of heat during and following intense isolated muscle activity. Six subjects performed an incremental isotonic test (constant angular velocity, increases in force output) on a KIN-COM' isokinetic apparatus to determine their maximal oxygen consumption during single knee extensions [Formula: see text] In a subsequent session, a thin wire multi-sensor temperature probe was inserted into the left vastus medialis under ultrasound guidance at a specific internal marker. The deepest temperature sensor (

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41

Garcia, J. J., N. J. Altiero, and R. C. Haut. "An Approach for the Stress Analysis of Transversely Isotropic Biphasic Cartilage Under Impact Load." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 5 (October 1, 1998): 608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834751.

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Stress analysis of contact models for isotropic articular cartilage under impacting loads shows high shear stresses at the interface with the subchondral bone and normal compressive stresses near the surface of the cartilage. These stress distributions are not consistent, with lesions observed on the cartilage surface of rabbit patellae from blunt impact, for example, to the patello-femoral joint. The purpose of the present study was to analyze, using the elastic capabilities of a finite element code, the stress distribution in more morphologically realistic transversely isotropic biphasic con

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42

Hagan, Kenton L., Todd Hullfish, Ellen Casey, and Josh R. Baxter. "Tendon structure quantified using ultrasound imaging differs based on location and training type." Journal of Applied Physiology 125, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 1743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00723.2018.

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Achilles tendinopathy is 10 times more common among running athletes compared with age-matched peers. Load-induced tendon remodeling and its progression in an at-risk population of developing symptomatic tendinopathy are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to prospectively characterize Achilles and patellar tendon structure in competitive collegiate distance runners over different competitive seasons using quantitative ultrasound imaging. Twenty-two collegiate cross-country runners and eleven controls were examined for this study. Ultrasound images of bilateral Achilles and pate

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43

Hsieh, Yeou-Fang, Louis F. Draganich, Sherwin H. Ho, and Bruce Reider. "The Effects of Removal and Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament on Patellofemoral Kinematics." American Journal of Sports Medicine 26, no. 2 (March 1998): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465980260020901.

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Patellofemoral pain may be associated with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency or may occur after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. We investigated the effects of the removal and reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament on the kinematics of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints during physiologic levels of quadriceps muscle loads in seven cadaveric knees. A bone-patellar tendon-bone graft was used for intraarticular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The spatial positions of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints were measured between 0° and 90° of kn

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44

Safronov, V. A. "Patellar reflex: II. Associated activation." Human Physiology 32, no. 4 (July 2006): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0362119706040104.

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45

Kalliokoski, Kari K., Henning Langberg, Ann Kathrine Ryberg, Celena Scheede-Bergdahl, Simon Doessing, Andreas Kjaer, Robert Boushel, and Michael Kjaer. "The effect of dynamic knee-extension exercise on patellar tendon and quadriceps femoris muscle glucose uptake in humans studied by positron emission tomography." Journal of Applied Physiology 99, no. 3 (September 2005): 1189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00283.2005.

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Both tendon and peritendinous tissue show evidence of metabolic activity, but the effect of acute exercise on substrate turnover is unknown. We therefore examined the influence of acute exercise on glucose uptake in the patellar and quadriceps tendons during dynamic exercise in humans. Glucose uptake was measured in five healthy men in the patellar and quadriceps tendons and the quadriceps femoris muscle at rest and during dynamic knee-extension exercise (25 W) using positron emission tomography and [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG). Glucose uptake index was calculated by dividing th

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Carroll, C. C., J. M. Dickinson, J. K. LeMoine, J. M. Haus, E. M. Weinheimer, C. J. Hollon, P. Aagaard, S. P. Magnusson, and T. A. Trappe. "Influence of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on in vivo patellar tendon adaptations to knee extensor resistance exercise in older adults." Journal of Applied Physiology 111, no. 2 (August 2011): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01348.2010.

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Millions of older individuals consume acetaminophen or ibuprofen daily and these same individuals are encouraged to participate in resistance training. Several in vitro studies suggest that cyclooxygenase-inhibiting drugs can alter tendon metabolism and may influence adaptations to resistance training. Thirty-six individuals were randomly assigned to a placebo (67 ± 2 yr old), acetaminophen (64 ± 1 yr old; 4,000 mg/day), or ibuprofen (64 ± 1 yr old; 1,200 mg/day) group in a double-blind manner and completed 12 wk of knee extensor resistance training. Before and after training in vivo patellar

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Vailas, A. C., D. M. Deluna, L. L. Lewis, S. L. Curwin, R. R. Roy, and E. K. Alford. "Adaptation of bone and tendon to prolonged hindlimb suspension in rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.1.373.

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The rat hindlimb suspension model was used to ascertain the importance of ground reaction forces in maintaining bone and tendon homeostasis. Young female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either a suspended or a nonsuspended group. After 28 days, femur bones and patellar tendons were obtained for morphological and biochemical analyses. Prolonged suspension induced a significant change in the geometric configuration of the femur middiaphysis by increasing the minimum diameter (12%) without any significant alterations in cortical area, density, mineral, and collagen concentrations. F

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Adams, D. J., K. M. Brosche, and J. L. Lewis. "Effect of Specimen Thickness on Fracture Toughness of Bovine Patellar Cartilage." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 927–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1635405.

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Fracture toughness and crack tip opening angle were measured for bovine patellar cartilage using modified single-edged notch specimens of two thicknesses. There was no difference in fracture toughness between thin (0.7 mm) versus relatively thick (2.7 mm) specimens, but the crack tip opening angle at initiation of crack propagation was larger for the thin specimens (106 deg) than for the thick specimens (70 deg). Fracture toughness of the bovine patellar cartilage 1.03kJ/m2 was not statistically different than that reported previously for canine patellar cartilage 1.07kJ/m2 employing the same

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Wilson, Nicole A., Joel M. Press, and Li-Qun Zhang. "In vivo strain of the medial vs. lateral quadriceps tendon in patellofemoral pain syndrome." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 2 (August 2009): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00024.2009.

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Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is thought to be related to patellar maltracking due to imbalances in the knee extensor. However, no study has evaluated the in vivo biomechanical properties of the quadriceps tendon in PFP syndrome. Our purpose was to compare the biomechanical properties of the quadriceps tendons in vivo and noninvasively in patients with PFP syndrome to those of control subjects. The null hypothesis was that the quadriceps tendons of PFP subjects would have significantly decreased strain compared with control subjects. Fourteen subjects (7 control, 7 PFP) performed voluntary ramp is

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50

Safronov, V. A. "Patellar reflex: I. Studies in healthy subjects." Human Physiology 32, no. 2 (March 2006): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s036211970602006x.

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