Siga este enlace para ver otros tipos de publicaciones sobre el tema: Pearl millet.
Tesis sobre el tema "Pearl millet"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Pearl millet".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
1
Barrion, Stephen Carmelo. "Pearl millet effects of traditional Namibian fermentation-semiwet milling and dry milling processes on nutrient composition /". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01282009-132241.
Texto completo
2
Hassanat, Fadi. "Evaluation of pearl millet forage". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18698.
Texto completoResumen
This research evaluated millet as forage source for ruminants. Four studies were conducted using two cultivars of forage millet [i.e. brown midrib (BM) and regular (RM)]. The first investigated the effect of seeding rate on yield, chemical composition and in vitro degradability of the two forage millet cultivars. Yield of RM was 56% more than BM due to taller plants and more tillers m-2. A 25% increase in yield as seeding rate increased from 5 to 10 or from 10 to 15 kg ha-1 was observed for two millet cultivars. Brown midrib millet contained 15% more CP, and 4, 13 and 31% less NDF, ADF and ADL than RM cultivar. In vitro DM digestibility was 10% higher in BM due to differences in chemical composition. The second study determined the effect of stage of development at harvest [i.e. vegetative (VS) and heading stage (HS)] on the two millet cultivars yield and cell wall composition in leaves and stems. Yield of BM was lower than that of RM at both stages of development. Concentrations of NDF, ADF and ADL were reduced in BM stems by 8, 16, and 58%, respectively, compared to RM stems. Leaves ADF and ADL concentrations were 6 and 49% less in BM than RM. Increase in fibre fractions with advancing stage of development was most pronounced in RM stems. Brown midrib trait affected cell wall structure of BM leaves and stems by increasing arabinose and xylose proportion as well as concentrations of ester- linked p-coumaric acid and ether-linked ferulic acids. Cell wall content of arabinose, xylose and glucose in leaves and stems, and phenolics in stems was higher at VS than at HS. This effect was more pronounced for stems of RM than BM. In situ DM and NDF disappearances were higher in leaves and stems of BM than RM and were higher in leaves and stems of millet harvested at VS than at HS. Lignin concentration had negative linear impact on in situ DM and NDF degradability. Ensilability of forage millet as affected by cultivar and stage of development at harvest was investigatedCette recherche constitue a évalue millet comme une source de fourrage pour les ruminants. Quatre études ont été effectuées en utilisant deux variétés de millet [par exemple midrib brun (BM) et régulier (RM)]. La première étude constituait une évaluation de l'effet de la vitesse de semer les graines de millet sur le rendement, la composition chimique et la degradabilité in vitro des deux variétés de millet. Le rendement de RM était 56% plus haut en comparaison de BM en raison des plus grandes plantes et plus de feuillage par m-2. Le midrib brun de millet contenait 15% plus de CP, et 4, 13 et 31% moins de NDF, ADF et ADL que la variété RM. La digestibilité in vitro de DM était 10% plus haut chez BM en raison de ces différences. La deuxième étude avait pour objectif de déterminer l'effet du niveau de développement à la moisson [par exemple végétal (VS) et niveau d'en-tête (HS)] sur le rendement des deux variétés de millet et la composition de membrane cellulaire dans les feuilles et les tiges. Le rendement de BM était plus bas en comparaison de RM aux deux niveaux de développement. Les concentrations de NDF, ADF et ADL ont été réduits dans les tiges de BM par 8, 16, et 58%, respectivement, en comparaison des tiges de RM. Les concentrations de ADF et ADL dans les feuilles étaient 6 et 49% moins dans BM que RM. Les contenus des différentes fibres ont augmenté avec le niveau de développement, mais l'augmentation été plus prononcée dans les tiges de RM. Le millet brun a eu un effet sur les membranes cellulaires des feuilles et tiges de BM en augmentant la concentration d'arabinose et xylose ainsi que les concentrations d'ester- acides de p-coumaric et d'ester- acides de ferulic. Les contenus d'arabinose, xylose et le glucose dans les membranes cellulaires chez les feuilles et les tiges, et de phenolics dans les tiges était plus haut à VS qu'à HS. Cet effet été plus prononcé pour les tiges de RM que BM. In situ DM et NDF
3
O'Kennedy, Martha Margaretha. "Genetic enhancement of pearl millet". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49974.
Texto completoResumen
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was toe stablish a reliable protocol for the production 0 f transgenic pearl millet as this will open new avenues for augmenting the gene pool of this crop. This was achieved by identifying a highly regenerabie genotype and optimisation of a tissue culture system, and biolistic protocol f or stable integration of selected transgenes. Both a negative, herbicide resistance selectable marker gene, bar, and a positive selectable marker gene, manA, were individually introduced in order to identify and establish a reliable transformation protocol. The optimised transformation protocol was then used to introduce an antifungal gene in the genome of pearl millet to enhance resistance to the biotrophic fungus Sclerospora graminicola. S. graminicola, an obligate oomycetous fungal phytopathogen, is the causal agent of downy mildew in pearl millet plants and a major constraint in the production of pearl millet. A single component of antifungal resistance was introduced into the genome of pearl millet, as preliminary work towards determining its role in the total plant defence system. The approach chosen was to introduce a hydrolytic enzyme, 13-1,3- glucanase, from Trichoderma atroviride (formerly T. harzianum), a soil-borne filamentous fungus, capable of parasitizing several plant pathogenic fungi. It was anticipated that introducing this glucanase gene from T. atroviride which degrades glucan in the fungal cell walls, would significantly contribute to the improvement of resistance against downy mildew. Constructs were prepared containing the gene (gluc78) encoding a 78 kDa beta-1,3- glucanase. The constructs were prepared containing the gluc78 gene driven either by a strong constitutive promoter (ubiquitin promoter, exon and intron) or a wound inducible promoter, the potato proteinase inhibitor ilK gene promoter. The wound inducible promoter includes either an AMV leader' sequence or the rice Act1 intron to obtain higher expression levels in the monocotyledonous plant. The transformation efficiency using the particle inflow gun and the herbicide resistance gene, bar, was improved from 0.02% on a MS based medium, to 0.19 or 0.72% with manA as selectable marker gene on MS or L3 based medium, respectively. However, individual experiments, introducing manA as selectable marker gene, resulted in frequencies of 1.2 and 3%. This translated to one transformation event per plate, which contains on average 31-35 pre-cultured immature zygotic embryos. This is the first report of t he successful introduction and expression of a 13-1,3-glucanase encoding gene from a biocontrol fungus not only under constitutive expression but also under wound inducible expression in a plant. Optimisation of genetic engineering of pearl millet, a cereal crop recalcitrant to transformation, and the introduction of an antifungal transgene, was accomplished in this study. Initial results hint that expression of this transgene enhances resistance to S. graminicola.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om 'n betroubare genetiese transformeringsprotokol vir pêrel manna te ontwikkel. Hiervoor moes eerstens 'n regenereerbare genotipe geidentifiseer word. Twedens moes 'n betroubare weefselkultuur en biolistiese transformeringssisteem ontwikkel word. Beide die onkruiddoder bestandheidsgeen, bar, en 'n positiewe selektiewe geen, manA, is vir die doel van die projek onafhanklik in die genoom van pêrel manna in gekloneer. Die optimale sisteem is vervolgens aangewend om 'n geen wat potensieël verbeterde bestandheid teen die biotrofiese swam Sclerospora graminicola wat donsige meeldou by plante veroorsaak, in pêrel manna in te kloneer. 'n Enkele komponent van bestandheid is in die genetiese material van pêrel manna in gekloneer as inleidende werk om die rol van hierdie geen in die totale verdedigingsisteem te bepaal. Die benadering wat gekies was, behels die klonering van 'n hidrolitiese ensiem 13-1,3-glukanase, van Trichoderma atroviride (voorheen T. harzianum), 'n grondgedraagde swam, wat op 'n aantal ander plantpatogene fungus kan parasiteer. Die verwagting is dat klonering van hierdie 13- 1,3-glukanase geen van T. atroviride wat die glukaan verteer in die selwande van swamme, 'n groot verbetering tot die bestandheid teen donsige meeldou sal meebring. Konstrukte is voorberei wat die gluc78 geen bevat wat kodeer vir die 78 kDa beta-1,3-glukanase protein. Die konstrukte wat voorberei is bevat die gluc78 geen geinduseer deur of 'n sterk konstituwe promoter (ubiquitin promoter, exon en intron) of deur 'n wond geinduseerde promoter, die aartappel proteinase inhibeerder ilK geen promoter. Hierdie promoter word gevolg deur of 'n AMV leier volgorde of die rys Act1 intron om verhoogde uitdruk vlakke in monokotiele plante te verseker. As die partikel invloei geweer in kombinasie met die onkruiddoderbestandheidsgeen gebruik word, was die doeltreffendheid van transformasie 0.02% op 'n MS gebasseerde groeimedium. 'n Transformasie doeltreffendheid van onderskeidelik 0.19 en 0.72% is verkry wanneer die manA as selektiewe geen gebruik is op MS of L3 gebasseerde medium. Twee individual eksperimente, waar die manA geen as selektiewe geen gebruik is, het gelei tot 'n transformasie doeltreffendheid van 1.2 of 3%. Dit gee 'n gemiddelde van een transformasie per plaat wat 31 tot 35 voorafgekweekte onvolwasse embrios bevat. Hierdie is d ie eerste verslag van d ie suksesvolle klonering en uitdrukking van 'n 13-1,3-glukanasekoderende geen van 'n swam wat as 'n biologiese beheeragent gebruik word. Hierdie is nie alleenlik onder konstitutiewe uitdrukking nie, maar ook 0 nder wond g einduseerde u itdruk in' n p lant. In hierdie studie is die 0 ptimisering van genetiese verbetering van pêrel manna, 'n graan gewas wat gehard is teen transformasie, deur die klonering van 'n bestandheidsgeen in die genoom van hierdie gewas gedoen. Aanvanklike resultate dui daarop dat die uitdruk van hierdie geen lei tot verbeterde bestandheid teen S. graminicola.
4
Ricks, Christian B. "The Prolamins of Pearl Millet". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1969.pdf.
Texto completo
5
Osman, Mohamoud, Albert Dobrenz, Haile Tewolde y Robert Voigt. "Drought Tolerance in Pearl Millet". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200578.
Texto completo
6
Teowolde, Haile, Mohamoud Osman, Robert Voigt y Albert Dobrenz. "Stomate Distribution of Three Pearl Millet Genotypes". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200555.
Texto completo
7
Ratau, Mmaphuti Abashone. "Chemometrics, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of pearl millet beverage produced with bioburden lactic acid bacteria pure cultures". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2773.
Texto completoResumen
Thesis (MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage produced using isolated and purified cultures of bioburden lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Traditional non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage (TNAPMB) was produced through spontaneous fermentation. The slurry was fermented for 36 h at 37°C while monitoring the microbial growth at 3 h interval. LAB were grown on deMan, Rogosa and Sharpe agar and identified using Vitek 2 system. The initial numbers of LAB were 7.04 log cfu/ml and increased to 8.00 log cfu/ml after 21 h. The beverage was dominated by LAB and contaminants and their survival was in succession. LAB from the genera Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus were the main fermenting species in TNAPMB. Pearl millet extract (PME) was produced by hydrating pearl millet flour (PMF) with water (1:10, PMF:Water). To the mixture sprouted rice flour (10%), ground ginger (10%) and pectin (0.6%) were added. Stable PME was used in the production of plain non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage (PNAPMB). PME was pasteurized at 98°C for 30 min, hot filled and cooled to 25°C. The fluid was inoculated with Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Enterococcus gallinarum each at 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1%, respectively, using factorial design and fermented for 18 h at 37°C. The pH of the beverage ranged between pH 3.32 and pH 3.90. L. mesenteroides, P. pentosaceus, E. gallinarum, the interaction between L. mesenteroides and P. pentosaceus and the interaction between L. mesentoroides and E. gallinarum had a significant effect (p ˂ 0.05) on the pH of PNAPMB except the interaction between P. pentosaceus and E. gallinarum (p = 0.631). The total titratable acidity (TTA) of the beverage ranged from 0.50 to 0.72%. All cultures had a significant influence (p ˂ 0.05) on the TTA of the beverage with the exception of the interaction between L. mesenteroides and E. gallinarum (p = 0.102). However, Monte Carlo simulation showed that E. gallinarum caused an increase in the pH and a decrease in the TTA of the beverage. During fermentation, the pH of the beverage is desired to decrease while the TTA increases, hence E. gallinarum was removed. The interaction between L. mesenteroides and P. pentosaceus at 0.05% and 0.025%, respectively produced an acceptable PNAPMB with potential for commercialization. Furthermore, moringa supplemented non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage (MSNAPMB) was produced by adding 4% of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder extract during the production of PNAPMB. The physicochemical, nutritional, microbial (LAB) and sensory characteristics of the PNAPMB, MSNAPMB and TNAPMB were determined. LAB were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the fermentation period and increased from 3.32 to 7.97 log cfu/ml and 3.58 to 8.38 log cfu/ml in PNAPMB and SNAPMB, respectively. The pH of PNAPMB decreased from pH 5.05 to pH 4.14 while the pH of MSNAPMB decreased from pH 5.05 to pH 3.65 during the 18 h fermentation. The growth of LAB during fermentation had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the pH of the beverages. The TTA increased from 0.14 to 0.22% and increased from 0.17 to 0.38%, in PNAPMB and MSNAPMB, respectively. The TTA of the beverage was affected significantly (p < 0.05) by the 18 h of fermentation. The protein content was 1.62, 2.17 and 1.50% in PNAPMB, MSNAPMB and TNAPMB, respectively. PNAPMB sample was deemed acceptable in comparison to the MSNAPMB. The total colour difference (ΔE) was 5.91 and 10.60 in PNAPMB and MSNAPMB, respectively in comparison to the TNAPMB. Volatile compounds with beneficial effect such as anti-inflammatory and anti-pathogenic properties were identified in the beverages. Principal component analysis indicated that the variations in characteristics of PNAPMB and MSNAPMB could be explained using total fat, saturated fat, total sugar, ash, moisture, proteins, chroma (C), hue and b*. The results showed that isolated pure cultures could be used as starter cultures in the production of non-alcoholic cereal beverages at a commercial level with predictable quality and safety properties.
8
Semisi, Semisi Toaolamai. "Interactions of downy mildew fungus Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet and pearl millet Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke". Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253467.
Texto completo
9
Crampton, Bridget Genevieve. "Elucidation of defence response mechanisms in pearl millet". Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10132008-143627.
Texto completo
10
Jones, Elizabeth. "Mapping quantitative trait loci for resistance to downy mildew in pearl millet". Thesis, Bangor University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387360.
Texto completo
11
Osman, Mohamoud, Albert Dobrenz, Haile Tewolde y Robert Voigt. "Stomatal Response to Water Stress in Two Pearl Millet Genotypes". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203813.
Texto completoResumen
A study was conducted in the field to test whether stomatal sensitivity to water stress can be used as a selection criterion for drought tolerance in two pearl millet genotypes. In both cultivars, stomatal aperture was significantly reduced by the water stress. However, the proportion of reduction per 20 mm decrease in applied water was much higher for the hybrid than for the female parent. This is clearly an indication of a higher stomatal sensitivity in the hybrid, which probably explains the superior performance under water stress that was previously observed in this genotype.
12
Faure, Sebastien. "Genetic studies in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405723.
Texto completo
13
Teowolde, Haile, Robert L. Voigt, Mahamoud Osman y Albert K. Dobrenz. "Water Stress Indices for Research and Irrigation Scheduling in Pearl Millet". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204250.
Texto completoResumen
The capability to measure the magnitude of water stress in plants is useful for precision irrigation scheduling and other purposes. This paper reports an evaluation of leaf (TL) and canopy (Tc) temperatures, leaf minus air (TL -Ta) and canopy minus air (Tc -Ta) temperatures, and leaf water stress index (LWSI) and crop water stress index (CWSI) in detecting stress in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) over two growing seasons. Baselines which were used to compute LWSI and CWSI were obtained. The upper and lower baselines for the Tc data, respectively, were Tc -Ta = 4.10 C and Tc -Ta = 3.87- .2001VPD where VPD is vapor pressure deficit in mbars. For the TL data, the upper and lower baselines, respectively, were TL -Ta = 1.97oC and TL -Ta = 1.308- .03006VPD. Tests against photosynthesis, transpiration, and grain yield showed that LWSI and CWSI are better indices of stress than TL -Ta, Tc -Ta, TL, Tc, or Ta. Average seasonal LWSI and CWSI ranged from approximately 0.03 for non- stressed to 0.80 for stressed plants. The reliability of LWSI and CWSI to detect stress and their relation with grain yield suggested the possibility of using these indices for irrigation scheduling decisions.
14
Tine, Fatou. "Evaluation of Drought Tolerance and Forage Characteristics of Millet Cultivars". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81306.
Texto completoResumen
Millets are C4 annual grasses that are mainly used for food and feed. This thesis describes two studies that evaluated drought tolerance of pearl millet cultivars (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br) grown for grain. A third study is also included in the thesis that evaluated foxtail millet (Setaria italica [L] Beauv) and pearl millet grown as cover crops and forage during a pasture renovation. The main focus of the thesis involved evaluation of Senegalese pearl millet cultivars for drought tolerance. Drought is one of the most important threats to pearl millet production in Senegal as it limits yield in most parts of the country. Although water stress on pearl millet is common during the growing season, a little is known about how terminal drought affects yield in Senegalese pearl millet cultivars. To address this issue, two field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015. The first field study evaluated 20 pearl millet cultivars under water stress and categorized based on their yield response. Whereas the second year field trial used four cultivars from the first field trial in a more detailed study to give recommendations for farmers in Senegal. The experiments were complete randomized block designs. Pearl millet cultivars were grown under irrigation until flowering then the stress treatment was applied by stopping the irrigation in half of the plots. Eleven cultivars showed a statistical indifference to water stress and considered the most drought tolerant. Four cultivars were selected from the 11 for the second year experiment. Of these, cultivar 4 (ICMV IS 89305) and 10 (SOSAT c 88) exhibited higher tolerance to terminal water stress based on evaluation of yield components and drought stress indices. These cultivars could be a good target for further breeding and selection in Senegal. Although the cultivars were more drought tolerant, both had relatively low total biomass. When used in a larger scale, these cultivars could potentially benefit farmers in Senegal and enhance food security.
The second part of this thesis addressed use of a forage type millets – specifically foxtail and pearl millet. In the US, these millets are primarily serve as a summer cover crops that can be used for forage. The objective of this experiment was to compare yield and forage quality of foxtail and pearl millet cover crops and their effect on subsequent pasture establishment. A field experiment was conducted in Virginia in 2014 to address this objective. Pearl millet and foxtail millet were randomly planted in 12 plots each and harvested in late summer. Plots were then converted to tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub) pasture. Foxtail millet had a significantly higher soil cover than pearl millet but the two species did not differ in terms of total biomass, forage quality, or their effect on tall fescue pasture establishment.Master of Science
15
Drame, Marieme. "Pearl Millet Nutritional Quality and Fertilization of Sweet Corn in Senegal". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81259.
Texto completoResumen
Agricultural production is the main source of income and major employer in many countries in Africa, including Senegal. Commercial sweet corn (Zea mays L. ssp. saccharata) production in Senegal is increasing in response to global marketing opportunities and offers producers the ability to increase income and diversify the cropping base. Production of optimum sweet corn yield and quality depends on adequate nutrient supply, particularly, nitrogen (N). Current N recommendations are based on recommendations specific to corn for grain. This study aimed to identify tools to estimate sweet corn N status and determine the most appropriate fertilizer dosage for sweet corn. Non-destructive remote sensing tools and ion exchange resin membranes (IEMs) were used to evaluate the effect of fertilizer dose. No differences in ear yield or yield components, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values, biomass, N uptake or leaf N concentration due to fertilizer dose were detected at Ndiol. However, significant relationships existed between NDVI values and yield, biomass, and N uptake at the V9 growth stage. Only yield was affected by fertilizer dose at Sangalkam, and no consistent relationships were found between chlorophyll meter readings and others measured parameters. Treatment differences due to fertilizer dose for available NH4+ at V9 (Ndiol), and NO3- at V5 (Sangalkam) were found, however further research is needed to fully evaluate the usefulness of IEMs to measure available soil N. Based on these studies, sweet corn fertilizer rates should likely be based on 75% of the dose applied to field corn, however more work is needed to confirm this finding.
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.) is the most widely grown staple crop in Senegal. Introduction of drought tolerant millet genotypes has helped mitigate the effect of increased water shortage in the region, but little is known about the nutritional composition of these genotypes. Our objective was to compare millet grain nutritional composition among and between putative drought tolerant and drought sensitive pearl millet lines under drought stress and well-watered conditions. One field experiment was conducted in 2014 at the National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA) of Bambey, Senegal (16°30' and 16° 28' N; 15o44' and 15o42' W). The experiment utilized a split-plot design with four replications. Water regime was the main plot experimental factor while genotype, a total of 20 was the sub-plot. Pearl millet genotypes were divided into three contrasting groups based on drought tolerance for comparisons. Water stress did not affect 100-grain weight, test weight, protein, soluble protein, starch, sugars, amino acids or vitamin B2 content of grains among VPD-groups. Accumulation of these constituents of pearl millet grain appear to be genetically controlled and are probably not affected by late drought stress. However, differences were noted among genotypes as the sensitive VPD-group accumulated greater soluble protein, starch and soluble sugars (except sucrose) than the tolerant and medium VPD-groups. The tolerant VPD-group, however, accumulated greater protein and vitamin B2 content. Arginine, proline and serine content was greater in the sensitive VPD-group, while lysine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid were greater in the tolerant VPD-group. Glycine, histidine, threonine, alanine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine were relatively equal in tolerant and sensitive VPD-groups. Calcium and Na levels were affected by water stress in the sensitive VPD-group, but differently. Calcium content was greatest for the sensitive group under drought stress, while sodium was the lowest. Iron accumulation in sensitive VPD-group increased under water stress. Potassium decreased for all VPD-groups under stress, while across water regime, K levels in the drought-sensitive group were lower. Selection for drought appears to effect many of the nutritional constituents of pearl millet grain, however many of these differences appear to be directly related to parameters known to effect plant water relations.Master of Science
16
Chowdari, K. V. "Genetic diversity analysis in rice and pearl millet using dna markers". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1998. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3388.
Texto completo
17
Nantanga, Komeine Kotokeni Mekondjo. "Lipid stabilisation and partial pre-cooking of pearl millet by thermal treatments". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07262007-140915.
Texto completo
18
Baurhoo, Neerusha. "Canadian pearl millet: a potential alternative grain to corn in broiler production". Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97236.
Texto completoResumen
Two studies were conducted to investigate the effects of partially or totally replacing corn with pearl millet (PM) in broiler diets, alone or in combination with exogenous enzymes, on growth performance, ileal dry matter (DM), CP and amino acid digestibility, and intestinal digesta viscosity, morphological development and microbial populations. In experiment 1, dietary treatments included: a standard corn-soybean meal diet and one in which corn was replaced with 25, 50, 75 or 100% PM. In experiment 2, dietary treatments were: 1) a standard corn-soybean meal diet; 2) a PM-soybean meal diet; 3) diet 1 + exogenous enzymes; and 4) diet 2 + exogenous enzymes. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. PM diets contained less soybean meal because PM grains were richer in CP and amino acids than corn. Total replacement of corn with PM significantly improved (P < 0.05) growth and feed conversion. However, there were no additional benefits due to enzyme supplementation. Feeding broilers PM diets did not have any detrimental effects on digesta viscosity, villus height, villus width and villus surface area of the jejunum. On the contrary, in experiment 2, villi were longer (P < 0.05) in PM-fed birds than those fed corn diets with or without enzymes. Intestinal loads of E. coli were not altered by any of the dietary treatments. But, in experiment 2, both PM diets, with or without enzymes, significantly increased (P < 0.05) Lactobacilli loads. In both studies, DM, CP and amino acids digestibility were similar between corn and PM diets. However, enzyme supplementation to corn or PM diets increased (P < 0.05) DM and CP digestibility. Amino acid digestibility was increased (P < 0.05) only in birds fed the corn diet containing enzymes in comparison with those fed the corn diet without enzymes. In conclusion, total replacement of corn with PM in broiler diets caused significant improvements in growth parameters, and Lactobacilli populations and villus development of the intestines. Additionally, enzyme supplementation to PM diets increased intestinal DM and CP digestibility.Deux études ont été entreprises pour étudier les effets de replacer le maïs par le millet perlé (MP), soit partiellement ou totalement, dans des régimes du poulet de chair, sans ou en combinaison avec des enzymes exogènes sur la croissance, la digestibilité de la matière sèche, protéines brut (CP) et acides aminé dans l'iléon, la viscosité intestinale, et le développement morphologique et les populations bactériennes dans l'intestin. Dans l'expérience 1, les traitements diététiques étaient: un régime standard de maïs-soja, et la même diète dans laquelle le maïs a été remplacé par le MP à 25, 50, 75 ou 100%. Dans l'expérience 2, les traitements diététiques comprenait: 1) un régime de maïs-soja; 2) un régime de MP-soja; 3) le régime 1+enzymes; et 4) le régime 2+enzymes. Tous les régimes avaient la même teneur en azotes et calories. Les régimes de MP contenaient moins de soja parce que les graines de MP étaient plus riches en CP et acides aminés que le maïs. En remplaçant le maïs totalement par le MP a permis d'améliorée (P < 0.05) la croissance et indice de conversion alimentaire. Toutefois, l'utilisation des enzymes n'avait aucun bénéfice. Les régimes de MP n'avaient aucun effet néfaste sur la viscosité intestinale et la longueur, largeur ou superficie du villus dans le jéjunum. Au contraire, dans l'étude 2, les villus étaient plus longs (P < 0.05) chez les poulets consommant les régimes du MP que celles nourrit avec les diètes de maïs contenant des enzymes ou pas. Les concentrations d'E.coli étaient semblables parmi tous les traitements diététiques. Par contre, dans l'expérience 2, les deux régimes de MP, avec ou sans enzymes, ont augmenté (P < 0.05) les concentrations de lactobacilles. Dans les deux études, la digestibilité de la matière sèche, CP et acides aminés étaient semblables entre les régimes de maïs et MP. Cependant, l'ajout des enzymes dans les régimes de maïs et MP avait améliorée (P < 0.05) la digestibilité de la matière sèche et de CP. La digestibilité d'acides aminés été élevée (P < 0.05) seulement entre les oiseaux alimentés des régimes de maïs contenant des enzymes ou pas. En conclusion, un remplacement total du maïs par le MP dans la moulée du poulet de chair a causé une amélioration dans les paramètres de croissance, et les populations de lactobacilles et le développement de villus dans l'intestin. En plus, l'ajout des enzymes dans les régimes de MP a permis d'augmenter la digestibilité intestinale de la matière sèche et de CP.
19
Sainani, M. N. "Studies of seed proteins in pearl millet with special reference to prolamin". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1991. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3011.
Texto completo
20
Diatta, Andre Amakobo. "Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Fertility and Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Yield". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80944.
Texto completoResumen
Biochar amendment to agricultural soils has been promoted for use in agricultural systems, both to mitigate global warming by increasing long-term soil carbon (C) sequestration and to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single biochar application from peanut shell (Arachis hypogea L.) and mixed pine (Pinus spp.) wood to a Typic Hapludults in Blacksburg (VA, USA) and from peanut shell and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) wood to a tropical, sandy, salt-affected soil in Ndoff (Fatick, Senegal) at 0, 10, and 20 Mg ha⁻¹ on soil chemical properties, inorganic nitrogen supply, and pearl millet production responses under field conditions for two growing seasons (2014 and 2015). Biochar application to temperate soils (Blacksburg) significantly increased total soil carbon, nitrogen, and plant available potassium in both years. In addition, pearl millet yields significant increased (53%) at the 20 Mg ha⁻¹ rate of peanut shell biochar in 2014 but did not persist in year 2. Beneficial effects largely appeared due to nutrient additions. Biochar treatment to tropical, sandy, salt-affected soils (Ndoff) had no effect on soil chemical properties. These results suggest that biochar application could improve soil fertility and crop productivity in temperate soils but had limited effects on tropical, sandy, salt-stressed soils in this study. The disparate results between these two field studies could be explained by differences in soil properties and climate, biomass feedstock, pyrolysis processes, and biochar handling, as well as experimental set-up.Master of Science
21
Sastry, J. S. S. G. M. "Molecular studies on genetic variability and plant pathogen interactions in pearl millet downy mildew(sclerospora graminicola) pathogen". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1998. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3384.
Texto completo
22
Allouis, Sebastien. "Construction of a bacterial artificial chromosome library and gene targeting in pearl millet". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327450.
Texto completo
23
Padi, Francis Kwame. "Genetic analyses of adaptive traits in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251634.
Texto completo
24
Ali, Ghulam Muhammad. "Genetics and physiological basis of salinity tolerance in pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.)". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367186.
Texto completo
25
Houissa, Hela. "Les Mycotoxines du mil : occurrence et flore fongique". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG040.
Texto completoResumen
La présente étude a pour principal objet de dresser un profil complet des différentes mycotoxines et des espèces fongiques toxinogènes se développant sur le millet perlé tunisien (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R.Br. Un total de 220 échantillons collectés auprès des agriculteurs (n=144) et de points commerce (n=76) ont été analysés par la méthode multi-analyte par LC/ESI-MS/MS. L’isolement mycologique a été effectué par la méthode « direct plating » et l’identification des espèces fongiques toxinogènes a été réalisée par des méthodes microscopiques et moléculaires. La quantification de la flore fongique potentiellement toxinogène dans le millet perlé a été, par ailleurs, réalisée par PCR en temps réel.Les résultats ont montré la co-occurrence d’une multitude de mycotoxines et de métabolites secondaires dans 91,4% des échantillons. Sur un nombre total de 57 métabolites détectés, les métabolites de Fusarium, d’Alternaria et d’Aspergillus représentaient 15,8%, 19,2% et 8,7%, respectivement, dont 10,5% (n=6) sont des mycotoxines majeures réglementées et 21% (n=12) des mycotoxines émergentes non réglementées. Notre étude a révélé une contamination importante du millet par les mycotoxines émergentes, notamment, les mycotoxines de Fusarium telles que la beauvericine (BEA), l'équisétine (EQUS), le monoacétoxyscirpénol (MAS) et le diacétoxyscirpénol (DAS) qui ont été détectés dans 43,2%, 43,2%, 11,4% et 10,5% des échantillons, respectivement. En outre, 12,7%, 50,9%, 53,2% et 14,1% des grains étaient contaminés par des mycotoxines d’Alternaria, à savoir l'alternariol (AOH), l'alternariolmonométhyl éther (AME), la tentoxine (TEN) et l'acide ténazonique (TA), respectivement. Parmi les mycotoxines majeures, l’aflatoxine B1 (AFB1) et l’ochratoxine A (OTA) étaient les plus répandues avec une fréquence de contamination modérée de 8,6% chacune. Cependant, tous les échantillons étaient contaminés à des teneurs dépassant les seuils limites autorisés allant de 12,2 à 1046 µg/kg et de 16,2 à 231 µg/kg pour l’AFB1 et l’OTA, respectivement. La fréquence et les niveaux de contamination par ces deux mycotoxines étaient aussi importants dans les échantillons collectés en post-récolte qu’en post-stockage.L’étude mycologique de la flore fongique potentiellement toxinogène sur le millet a montré la prédominance des genres Fusarium et Alternaria par rapport au genre Aspergillus. En outre, A. flavus a été identifiée comme la principale espèce responsable de la contamination du millet tunisien par les aflatoxines. Pour le genre Fusarium, les F. semitectum et F. equiseti sont les espèces les plus dominantes dans le millet. La prévalence des espèces A. alternata et A. tenuissima suivies par les A. arborescence et A. infectoria dans le genre Alternaria a été notée. La prolifération des champignons potentiellement toxinogènes et la contamination par les mycotoxines dans le millet semble avoir été influencées par les conditions climatiques et environnementales des différentes zones agroécologiques étudiées. Ainsi, le millet issu de la zone CT.N (Kelibia et Haouaria), doté d’un climat sub-humide, semble plus contaminé par des Alternaria et Fusarium spp. et par la majorité des mycotoxines émergentes de Fusarium (BEAU, DAS, EQUS et MAS) et d’Alternaria (AOH, AME, MAC et TEN). En revanche, le millet issu de la zone côtière sud (Zarzis) et la zone continentale centrale (Kairouan) s’avère plus susceptible à la contamination par les Aspergillus spp. et ainsi par l’AFB1 et l’OTA. Par ailleurs, les résultats ont montré que la qPCR a assuré une détection et une quantification plus précise et précoce de la flore fongique que l’approche microbiologique conventionnelle qui s’avère plus fastidieuse et classiqueThe purpose of the present study is to draw up a complete profile of mycotoxins and toxigenic fungal species occurring in the Tunisian pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R.Br.). Investigations were carried out on a total of 220 samples collected from farmers (n = 144) located in different agroecological zones of Tunisia and from retail shops (n = 76) using the multi-analyte method by LC/ESI-MS/MS. Fungal isolation was based on the direct plating method while the identification of toxigenic fungal species was carried out by the microscopic and molecular methods. The quantification of the potentially toxigenic fungal flora in pearl millet was carried out by quantitative real-time PCR assays.Results revealed the co-occurrence of a broad spectrum of mycotoxins and secondary metabolites contaminating 91.4% of grains samples. Out of a total number of 57 metabolites detected, and incidence of 15.8%, 19.2%, 8.7% of Fusarium, Alternaria and Aspergillus metabolites were, respectively, detected of which 10.5% (n=6) were reported as major regulated mycotoxins and 21% (n=12) as emerging unregulated mycotoxins.Our study revealed the prevalence of the emerging mycotoxins in the Tunisian pearl millet namely the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins, including beauvericin (BEA), equisetin (EQUS), monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS) and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) in 43.2%, 43.2%, 11.4% and 10.5% of the samples, respectively. In addition, 12.7%, 50.9%, 53.2% and 14.1% of the grains were contaminated with Alternaria mycotoxins, namely alternariol (AOH), alternariolmonomethyl ether (AME), tentoxin (TEN) and tenazonic acid (TA), respectively. Regarding major mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) were the most prevalent at a moderated rate of 8.6% each. However, high levels ranging from 12.2 to 1046 µg/ kg and from 16.2 to 231 µg/kg for AFB1 and OTA were, respectively, detected. The frequency and contamination levels by these two mycotoxins were important in post-harvest as well as in post storage samples.The mycological study of the potentially toxigenic fungi showed a predominance of the genera Fusarium and Alternaria comparing to the Aspergillus genus. In addition, the results revealed that A. flavus is considered as the main species responsible for the AFB1 contamination in the Tunisian pearl millet. As regards the genus Fusarium, F. semitectum and F. equiseti are the most dominant species in millet. As concern Alternaria genus, results showed the prevalence of A. alternata and A. tenuissima followed by A. arborescence and A. infectoria. The proliferation of potentially toxigenic fungi and contamination by mycotoxins in millet were influenced by the geographic location as well as the climatic and environmental conditions across the different agroecological zones. Thus, millet from the CT.N zone (Kelibia and Haoua
26
Osman, Mohammed A. "Effect of water stress on the physiology, growth, and morphology of three pearl millet genotypes". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1988_11_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Texto completo
27
Kebebew, Fassil. "The potential for improving salt tolerance in minor millets, Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke (pearl millet) and Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn (finger millet), and Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Torott". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359218.
Texto completo
28
Mottram, Andrea. "Transplanting sorghum and pearl millet : a key to risk management in semi-arid areas". Thesis, Bangor University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401921.
Texto completo
29
Gonzalez, Alma Delia Baez. "A simulation study of sorghum and pearl millet forage crops in semi-arid Mexico". Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314448.
Texto completo
30
Gwamba, John. "Pearl millet : influence of mineral biofortification and simple processing technologies on minerals and antinutrients". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60808.
Texto completoResumen
Pearl millet is an important staple food in rural Africa. However, the mineral bioavailability of pearl millet is low due to its high content of antinutrients, particularly phytate. This research investigated the effects of mineral biofortification, steeping/lactic acid fermentation and parboiling alone and in combination with abrasive decortication of pearl millet grain on its mineral and antinutrient contents. Six normal varieties and two mineral biofortified hybrids were investigated.
There was considerable variability in mineral content among the varieties. Iron content ranged from 3.0 to 9.6 mg /100 g and zinc from 3.0 to 4.8 mg /100 g. The mineral biofortified hybrids Dhanashakti and ICMH 1201 had substantially higher iron (21-68%) and zinc (15-39%) contents compared to the normal varieties. Phytate content differed substantially, with levels from 830 to 1360 mg /100 g. There was no definite trend between the phytate content of normal and mineral biofortified types.
Decortication did not cause significant losses in zinc, but resulted considerable iron losses (mean 31%) across the varieties. There were minimal effects of steeping/lactic acid fermentation and parboiling on iron and zinc contents. Mineral biofortified hybrids were associated with high iron and zinc content after all processing treatments. Decortication of raw grain substantially reduced phytate (mean 24%) and by a further 12 percentage points when applied after steeping/lactic acid fermentation. Parboiling plus decortication was less effective in reducing phytate content. The critical phytate: iron molar ratio of <1, above which iron absorption is seriously impaired, was not achieved with any of the processes. However, steeping/lactic acid fermentation plus decortication and parboiling plus decortication reduced the phytate: zinc molar ratio to below the critical level of <15 in some varieties. Generally, the mineral biofortified hybrids had improved phytate: mineral molar ratios than the normal varieties for both raw and processed grains. Decortication greatly reduced total phenolic content (mean 24%) across the varieties and by an additional 14 percentage points after steeping/lactic fermentation and parboiling.
Abrasive decortication in combination with steeping/lactic acid fermentation is an effective way of reducing phytate content in pearl millet grain, and hence somewhat improving estimated iron and zinc availability. It is recommended that the process is utilised to a greater extent in pearl millet food processing. Parboiling is also effective in phytate reduction, and can be adopted. Because mineral biofortified pearl millet hybrids have much higher iron and zinc contents, their breeding and cultivation should be promoted in rural Africa.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Food Science
MSc
Unrestricted
31
Joshi, B. N. "Biochemical analysis of a specific class of antifungal proteins from pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum)". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1999. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2957.
Texto completo
32
Thacker, Gary, Robert Voigt, Carl Schmalzel y Mike Ottman. "Dryland Catchment Test Planted to Hybrid Sorghum and Pearl Millet in Avra Valley Near Three Points, 1986". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203814.
Texto completo
33
Sattler, Felix [Verfasser] y Bettina [Akademischer Betreuer] Haussmann. "Strategies for sustainable pearl millet hybrid breeding in West Africa / Felix Sattler ; Betreuer: Bettina Haussmann". Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213803748/34.
Texto completo
34
Tewolde, Haile. "Seasonal gas exchange rates and growth of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke); across a gradient of drought". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184684.
Texto completoResumen
Seasonal patterns of stomatal activity, plant-temperature-based drought stress indices, growth and grain yield of two pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) parental lines and their F₁ hybrid were studied under a sprinkler irrigation gradient system in 1985 and 1986 in Tucson, Arizona. Physiological and morphological measurements of stressed and nonstressed plants were made periodically starting at the panicle initiation stage. Well-defined trends in stomatal conductance (Cg), transpiration (Tr), and photosynthetic (Pn) rates of nonstressed plants were observed over the seasons. Tr increased from 5ug H₂O cm⁻²s⁻¹ at early panicle development stage to a peak of up to 30 ug cm⁻²s⁻¹ at flowering and declined to 10 ug cm⁻²s⁻¹ at maturity. Pn of well-irrigated plants was highest (26 uMoles CO₂ m⁻²s⁻¹) at early flag leaf appearance stage and declined slowly to 14 uMoles m⁻²s⁻¹ at maturity. In extremely stressed plants, Cg, Tr and Pn were highest early in the seasons, lowest in the middle of the seasons, and slightly increased towards the end of the seasons. The seasonal trends in stomatal response depended on the stage of plant growth and vapor pressure deficit of the air. Transpiration efficiency was highest at partial stomatal closure. Morphologically, the F₁ hybrid was more like its male than its female parent. The female parent produced less dry matter, had thinner leaves and greater ratio of leaf to stem dry matter, and yielded less grain than the other genotypes. The results indicated that leaf:stem ratio can be a useful selection criterion of drought avoiding genotypes. Plants that develop stems and heads rapidly (low leaf:stem ratio) are more desirable under stress than plants that tend to become leafy. Decreases in Tr, Pn, dry matter and grain yield due to stress could be assessed with canopy or leaf temperature, canopy minus air or leaf minus air temperature, and crop (CWSI) or leaf (LWSI) water stress indices. CWSI and LWSI were more desirable in assessing stress than the other indices. CWSI is effective in assessing the magnitude of stress in a crop stand, while LWSI may be useful in situations where use of the infrared thermometer is difficult.
35
Manyame, Comfort. "On farm yield and water use response of pearl millet to different management practices in Niger". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1203.
Texto completo
36
Peske, Fabrício Becker. "Avaliação do condicionamento fisiológico e aplicação de fósforo em sementes de milheto". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-24012012-095306/.
Texto completoResumen
Apesar das diversas aptidões de uso do milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.), como forragem para pastoreio ou silagem, cobertura do solo e alimentação humana, alguns fatores são limitantes para a expansão do cultivo dessa espécie no Brasil e um dos agravantes é a qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes comercializadas. Assim, este trabalho visou aplicar as técnicas de condicionamento fisiológico, peletização e incorporação de fósforo às sementes para favorecer a implementação e o desenvolvimento da cultura em campo. O experimento envolveu sementes do cultivar BRS 1501, representadas por três lotes, com condicionamento envolvendo água e soluções de PEG6000, enquanto que a peletização foi testada inicialmente com adesivos (PVA, PVP k30, bentonita e Metil celulose) e diferentes produtos em pó com base inerte ou fosforada. As avaliações consistiram de testes físicos iniciais, testes fisiológicos por seis meses de armazenamento, desenvolvimento das plantas em campos com diferentes disponibilidades de fósforo no solo e avaliações químicas de fósforo total e fosfatase ácida em plântulas e plantas de milheto. Não há diferemça significativa na germinação das sementes e emergência das plântulas originadas de sementes pré condicionadas. A peletização das sementes é uma alternativa viável para alteração do volume das sementes sem alterar seu desempenho fisiológico. Em relação à incorporação de fósforo ao pélete das sementes, há efeito significativo no desenvolvimento das plântulas, assim como para a absorção deste macronutriente. Por outro lado, há impacto significativo de materiais e doses específicas sobre a qualidade fisiológica das sementes, principalmente do fosfato bicálcico.Beside the many aptitudes of the pearl millet (stock feeding, hay, soil layer protection and food in general), some factors limit its expansion in Brazil, being generally, the low physical and physiological seed quality on the market as one of the harshest problems. Thus, this study aimed at applying physiologic conditioning techniques, pelleting and phosphorus application on seeds to improve seedling emergence and crop development in the fields. The experiment used 3 seed lots of BRS 1501 cv, with water and osmotic solution conditioning, while pelleting was tested with 4 different binders (PVA, PVP k30, bentonite and Methil celulose) and different inert and phosphorate powder products. The evaluations consisted of initial phisical tests, followed by physiological tests for 6 months of storage, Field development under 2 different phosphorus soil content and, chemical evaluations as total P content and acid phosphate on pearl millet seedlings and plants. The results show no significant difference on the seedling emergence and germination of physiological conditioned seeds. The seed pelleting was effective on improving seeds volume without harming seed physiologic performance. Regarding phosphorous incorporation through seed pellet, the results show significant effects on the seedling development, as well as it´s absorption. However, with significant impact of specific materials and quantities on the seeds physiologic performance, especially with Bicalcic phosphate.
37
Van, der Merwe Reneè. "Pearl millet porridge : improvement in iron and zinc bioaccessibilities through fortification with micronutrient-rich plant food components". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65949.
Texto completoResumen
The most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies in sub-Saharan Africa are iron, zinc and vitamin A. This is partly due to staple diets composed of mainly cereals, containing high levels of iron and zinc bioavailability inhibitors. In this study, pearl millet porridge was food-to-food fortified with dried micronutrient-rich plant foodstuffs (moringa leaves, hibiscus calyces, baobab fruit pulp), and a mango-carrot premix (plus sunflower oil) as a provitamin A source, and the effect on iron and zinc bioaccessibilities evaluated. The foodstuffs were analysed for mineral and antinutrient contents. The effects of adding 5 and 15 g/100 g, dry basis (db) pearl millet plus provitamin A source of dried moringa leaves, hibiscus calyces or baobab fruit pulp on iron and zinc bioaccessibilities (in vitro dialysability assay) were determined. Baobab fruit pulp, despite containing high levels of tannins (2286 mg CE/100 g, db), increased the iron and zinc bioaccessibilities the most, when added as food-to-food fortificants to pearl millet. This could contribute >200% and >180%, respectively, more to the iron and zinc absolute requirements (defined as the sum of the daily basal losses of the mineral plus the amounts of the mineral needed for growth) than the pearl millet plus provitamin A source porridge, for 2–5-year-old children. Fortification with hibiscus calyces also resulted in substantial increases in iron and zinc bioaccessibilities. This is because baobab fruit pulp and hibiscus calyces contain substantial levels of iron and zinc bioavailability enhancing organic acids. The addition of moringa leaves generally resulted in the lowest increases and, in some cases, even reduced the iron and zinc bioaccessibilities, even though it had the highest level of iron (58.4 mg/100 g, db) of all the plant foodstuffs. Dried moringa leaves had the highest levels of calcium and total phenolics, and substantial levels of phytate, as well as possible low levels of organic acids, all which contributed to the low iron and zinc bioaccessibilities. Including baobab fruit pulp and possibly hibiscus calyces in a cereal based meal, show potential to increase both the iron and zinc bioaccessibilities. The iron and zinc status of people consuming a cereal-based diet may be improved by the inclusion of baobab fruit pulp or possibly hibiscus calyces, as food-to-food fortificants, to cereal-based porridges.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Food Science
MSc
Unrestricted
38
Ben, Hammouda Moncef 1955. "Effect of water regimes and planting dates on growth and development of corn, sorghum and pearl millet". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191873.
Texto completoResumen
The relative responses of corn (Zea mays L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) to water stress and planting dates effects were studied. Two hybrids each of corn and sorghum and two inbred lines of pearl millet were grown from two planting dates of mid-May and mid-July under wet and dry soil moisture conditions. Water stress reduced plant heights, seed volume weight (except within the May planting, water stress increased seed volume-weight for sorghum), seed weight, and forage yield with less effect than for grain yield. Mid-July planting reduced the number of days to anthesis and heights of pearl millet and sorghum plants while it did increase the height of corn plants. Mid-May planting appeared to increase seed volume-weight and seed weight. Crops yielded more when planted in May except for pearl millet which yielded better under dry conditions when planted in July.
39
Diatta, Sekouna. "Improving Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) Productivity in Salt-affected soils in Senegal: A Greenhouse and Field investigation". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81975.
Texto completoResumen
The primary soil limitations to crop yield in the Senegalese "Peanut Basin" include salinity, acidity, and fertility. Crop yield may be increased by use of soil amendments and salt-tolerant cultivars. Objectives of this research were to evaluate salt tolerance of various millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) cultivars and compare effects of soil amendments on millet growth and yield in greenhouse and field studies. The research included two greenhouse experiments (i) comparing the salt tolerance of seven pearl millet cultivars (IBMV 8402, SOSAT C88, ICMV-IS 88102, IKMP1, IKMP2, IKMV 8201 and GAWANE) using five levels of electrical conductivity (0.3. 2.1, 4.2, 5.2 and 6.3 dS m-1) and (ii) assessing SOSAT C88 responses to various organic (compost and peanut shells) and inorganic (phosphogypsum; PG) amendments in manufactured saline soils (4.2 dSm-1); and (iii) a two-year (2014-2015) field experiment in Senegal evaluating the effects of local organic amendments (peanut shells and compost) on the responses of three millet cultivars (SOSAT C88, GAWANE and IBMV 8402) under low and high soil salinity. Cultivars SOSAT C88 and IBMV 8402 performed best in saline greenhouse media. The soil amendments that elicited the best millet plant responses in the greenhouse experiment were yard waste compost and peanut shells. Phosphogypsum exacerbated salinity effects by increasing electrical conductivity. In the field study, there were no differences among treatments. Cultivars IBMV 8402 and SOSAT C88 could be cultivated in saline soils amended with peanut shells.Master of Science
40
Reeves, Gregory. "Understanding the genetic basis of C4 photosynthesis through breeding". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288350.
Texto completo
41
Umesha, S. "Host-Pathogen interaction in Pearl Millet downy mildew system". Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1477.
Texto completo
42
Mohamed, Ahmed Mahmoud. "Emergence, seedling vigor, and stand establishment of pearl millet as affected by mesocotyl elongation and other seed and seedling traits". 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27505.
Texto completo
43
Pelembe, Louis Augosto Mutomene. "Pearl millet malting : factors affecting product quality". Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27092.
Texto completo
44
Rattunde, H. F. W. "Mass-selection strategies for pearl millet improvement". Thesis, 1988. http://oar.icrisat.org/6938/1/T%2058620.pdf.
Texto completoResumen
Mass selection is frequently used for genetically improving pearl
millet (Pennisetum slaucum R. Br.). To ascertain the ability of mass selection
to modify traits of agronomic importance to pearl millet, this
study determined (a) the heritability and interrelationships of those
traits and (b) the realized gains obtained from selection. SO and S
1
populations of three pearl millet composites were evaluated for an array
of agronomic and developmental traits. Parent-offspring heritability
values ranged from 0.46 to 0.64 for panicle size and seed traits, from
0.27 to 0.58 for productivity traits, and from 0.16 to 0.32 for partitioning
traits, when averaged over three pearl millet composites. Interrelationships
among traits were identified by factor analyses and found to be
similar in the three composites. Unique groups of traits were associated
with biological yield, panicle size, and seed factors. Certain traits,
however, were associated with both the biological yield and the partitioning
factors. The orientations of S plants along the biological yield,
0
panicle size, and seed parameters factors were siqnificantly related to
orientations of their S progenies along the correspondinq factors......
45
Kanatti, A. "Genetic architecture of Grain Iron and Zinc densities and their association with Agronomic traits in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)". Thesis, 2014. http://oar.icrisat.org/8273/1/Anand%20Kanatti_Ph.D.%20Thesis%20%2812.1.2014%29.pdf.
Texto completoResumen
Micronutrient malnutrition resulting from dietary deficiency of one or more micronutrients has been recognized as a serious human health problem worldwide. The most striking of these are iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies that rank 9th and 11th, respectively, among the top 20 risk factors contributing to global burden of disease. Biofortification is a cost-effective and sustainable agricultural strategy to address the micronutrient deficiencies of resource-poor and majority of malnourished populations. In a recent initiative, research is underway to improve Fe and Zn densities in pearl millet. The main objective of the research reported herein was to study the genetics of Fe and Zn densities and their association with grain yield with a view to enhance breeding efficiency and devise effective breeding strategies for the development of improved cultivars with elevated levels of these micronutrients
46
Chandramani, Raj. "Inheritance of Avirulence in Sclerospora graminicola(Schroet) and Resistance in Pearl Millet to the Pathogen". Thesis, 2017. http://oar.icrisat.org/10086/1/Chandramani%20Raj%20Thesis.pdf.
Texto completoResumen
Studies on development of simple sequence repeat markers and its validation, inheritance and molecular mapping of avirulence and inheritance and allelic study of resistance genes in pearl millet to the isolates of S. graminicola were undertaken at International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India. A total of 14481 sequences spanning 215561828 bp were screened using a microsatellite search tool, MISA, that identified 7453 SSRs from 3912 SSR containing sequences, of which 235 (3.3%) SSRs were of compound type and remaining 7218 (96.7%) were of perfect type. The overall relative abundance and density of SSRs in whole genome were 34.57 /Mb and 459.67 bp/Mb, respectively.
A total of 2702 Simple sequence repeat primers were developed. Out of 2702 markers, 106 were custom synthesized and screened for diversity analysis on 60 isolates of S. graminicola. The gel electrophoresis result showed 22 scorable polymorphic markers. Allele frequencies i.e 57 alleles with an average of 2.59 alleles per locus were detected. The frequency of major alleles (MAF) per locus was 0.47-0.94, with an average of 0.72. In addition, the HO values were 0.00-0.76 with an average of 0.26, and HE values were 0.12- 0.62 with an average of 0.39. The polymorphic index content values were 0.11- 0.60, with an average of 0.33. The PCR product sizes were ranged from 110-320 bp. Analysis of molecular variance revealed 56.21% of the variance over 22 SSRs loci due to the differences among the isolates within states, 35.28 % due to within isolates and 8.51% was due to differences among the states. Dendrogram analysis revealed five major clusters across all isolates. Genetic analysis of 60 S. graminicola isolates at high delta K value provided evidence for the presence of two genetically distinct population structures with six admixtures. However, unstable graph of delta K verses K, suggested that there could be more differentiation of S. graminicola populations. Besides, S. graminicola primer pairs also amplified the fragments from other oomycetes P. sorghi (67.9%) and Phytophthora species (52.7%).
47
Yella, Goud T. "“Epidemiology, virulence and molecular diversity in blast [Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr.] of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] and resistance in the host to diverse pathotypes”". Thesis, 2016. http://oar.icrisat.org/10093/1/T.%20Y.%20Goud%20thesis.pdf.
Texto completoResumen
Blast has emerged as an important disease in the major pearl millet growing areas in India. The present investigation was undertaken to study cultural, pathogenic and molecular diversity in the M. grisea isolates infecting pearl millet, effect of temperature and leaf wetness duration on blast development and to screen pearl millet lines for resistance to blast disease. Culture characters of four monoconidial isolates of M. grisea MgPM 45, MgPM 53, MgPM 56 and MgPM 118 were tested on OMA and PDA medium at different pH ranging from pH 5.5 to pH 8.0 (pH 5.5, pH 6.0, pH 6.5, pH 7.0, pH 7.5 and pH 8.0) and different incubation temperatures 22oC, 24oC, 26oC, 28oC and 30oC to select optimum conditions for growth and sporulation of the fungus. Results of this study indicated that pH of 6.5 and temperature of 28oC is ideal for the growth and sporulation of M. grisea adapted to pearl millet. Based on these results, variability in the cultural and morphological characteristics of 65 isolates of M. grisea was studied on OMA medium at pH 6.5 by incubating at 28oC. Culture morphology varied significantly among isolates. A range of colour variation in the medium was also observed from buff colour to black among field isolates with smooth or rough margin. The radial growth of the M. grisea isolates varied significantly; maximum radial growth of 4.25 cm was recorded for isolates MgPM 125 and MgPM 162 whereas minimum radial growth of 2.30 cm was recorded for the pearl millet isolate MgPM 148. Large variation was also observed for sporulation among field isolates. It was observed that isolates with grayish black and brownish black growth with sector formation produced more spores. In majority of the isolates, maximum sporulation was confined to sectored region. These 65 isolates were also tested for
pathogenic variation on a set of 10 host differentials (ICMB 93333, ICMB 95444, ICMB 97222-P1, ICMB 01333, ICMB 02444, ICMR 06444, 863B-P2, ICMR 06222 ICMR 11003 and IP 21187). The mean blast severity across the differentials was maximum for isolate MgPM 138 and minimum severity was observed for MgPM 132. Based on reaction type (avirulent/virulent), the 65 isolates were grouped into 28 different pathotypes. Pathotype G22 comprising isolates MgPM 121, MgPM 137, MgPM 138, MgPM 145, MgPM 148 from Rajasthan and MgPM 173 and MgPM 174 from Uttar Pradesh appeared as most virulent as it could infect all the 10 host differentials whereas pathotype G2 comprising MgPM 127, MgPM 129, MgPM 132, MgPM 149, MgPM 158, MgPM 159 and MgPM 39 was least virulent. These isolates could be grouped in five main clusters based on the results of molecular diversity study using URP markers. Among them cluster I (32) and III (31) included more than 95 per cent isolates whereas cluster II, IV and V contained 2-3 isolates. Studies on the effect of leaf wetness duration on disease development showed an overall increase in leaf blast severity, lesion length (mm), number of lesions per plant, lesion sporulation and leaf sporulation with the increase in leaf wetness duration (LWD). Based on the results it can be concluded, that both leaf wetness duration and temperature were essential for blast on pearl millet which becomes more severe at longer wetness durations beyond 48 hours during optimum day/night with a temperature ranging from 25±1/20±1oC to 30±1/22±1oC. For the identification of blast resistance, 160 designated B-lines of pearl millet were screened under greenhouse conditions against five pathotype-isolates viz., MgPM 45, MgPM 53, MgPM 56, MgPM 118 and MgPM 119. Multiple-pathotype (3-5) resistance was found in 23 lines. Eight lines (81B, ICMB 88004, ICMB 92444, ICMB 97222-P1, ICMB 02111, ICMB 07111, ICMB 09333 and ICMB 09999) were found resistant to all the five pathotypes. Similarly for the identification of stable sources of adult plant resistance, 28 lines were evaluated in the disease nursery (PMBVN) at six locations, Aurangabad, Dhule, Durgapura, Gwalior, Jamnagar and Patancheru during 2013 and 2014. None of the entries in the blast nursery was resistant at all the test locations. However, ICMR 06444 was found resistant at three (Gwalior, Jamnagar and Patancheru) locations and showed moderate resistance at other three locations. ICMB 01333, ICMR 11009 and HHB 146 improved (a hybrid) were resistant at Gwalior and Jamnagar. Pearl millet lines identified in this study that are resistant at 2-3 locations can be selected for use in pearl millet breeding programs aiming to develop blast resistant hybrids.
48
Freyenberger, Stanley G. "Emergence, yield, and yield-components responses to size and density separations of pearl millet seed produced by three management practices". 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/22107.
Texto completo
49
Shishupala, S. "Variability in pearl millet downy mildew pathogen and the disease management". Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1578.
Texto completo
50
Nagarathna, K. C. "Biotechnological approach to develop downy mildew disease resistance in Pearl Millet". Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1790.
Texto completo