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1
Mehta, Jitendra. "A Comparative Study on the Effect of the Traditional and Industrial Milling on the Nutritional Composition of Sorghum, Pearl Millet and Wheat Flour". Emerging Trends in Nutraceuticals 1, n.º 2 (28 de julio de 2022): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2583-4606.109.
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Pearl millet, sorghum, wheat is a staple food in India. It is milled into flour by traditional and industrial dry milling processes. This research was conducted to help determine how to improve the nutritional value and acceptability of pearl millet. The traditional milling step has lowers the pH of kernels. The effects of the traditional and industrial “dry milling” processes on the physical and nutritional composition of grain were compared. Regarding comparing the milling processes, was conditioned and decorticated traditionally with a millstone and industrially with an roller mille. The traditional decorticated grain was steeped and sun dried for 24 h before milling, whereas the industrially decorticated grain was roller milled. Proximate analyses were conducted on the samples. The traditionally milled flour was lighter in colour than industrial milled flour. However, it was significantly lower in protein, ash and nutrient contents in comparison to industrial milled flour. This was due to the removal of more pericarp and germ in the traditional process. The industrial dry milling process, therefore, produces flour with a higher nutrient content in terms of protein, fat and minerals. However, the traditional milling process makes the colour of the pearl millet flour lighter, which is probably the reason that it is more acceptable to consumers.
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Srivastava, Urvashi, Pinki Saini y Anchal Singh. "Effect of Natural Fermentation on Antioxidant Activity of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum)". Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, n.º 3 (27 de abril de 2020): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666181115103328.
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Background: Millets are small-seeded cereals having excellent nutritional quality. They are comparable or superior to some commonly consumed cereals like wheat and rice. Millets are gluten-free, have low Glycemic Index and are a good source of calcium, iron, potassium, zinc magnesium and B vitamins. Natural fermentation of millets can improve their lower cooking quality, taste, low bioavailability and palatability. Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of natural fermentation on antioxidant activity of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Methods: The present work has been done to standardize the natural fermentation process of pearl millet using response surface methodology for enhanced iron content and antioxidant activity. Pearl millet was treated with natural fermentation process at varying temperature (30-50°C), time (4-12 hrs) and pH (3-7). The effect of these fermentation treatments were studied on total reducing sugar, iron content, antioxidant activity (Total Phenolic content and DPPH), tannin content and antinutritional factors of pearl millet using a second order central composite design. Results: The cofficient of determination, R2 values for Total reducing sugar, iron content, antioxidant activity and tannin content was greater than 0.900. Statistical analysis showed that sugar, iron content, antioxidant activity and tannin content varied significantly (p <0.05) with a change in pH, temperature and time. pH was found to be the most important factor affecting the quality parameters of the pearl millet during fermentation as it exerted a strong influence (p < 0.01) on all the dependent variables. Conclusion: Increase in total reducing sugar, iron content, antioxidant activity and decrease in tannin content of pearl millet were observed along with a decrease in pH and temperature of fermentation. On the basis of response surface and contour plots, the fermentation conditions of pearl millet were optimized at a temperature of 40°C, pH 5 and time duration of 8 hours.
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Muldoon, D. K. "Growth, mineral composition and grain yield of irrigated and rainfed millets and sorghum". Journal of Agricultural Science 105, n.º 1 (agosto de 1985): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600055660.
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SUMMARYSorghum bicolor, Pennisetum americanum, Echinochloa utilis, Panicum miliaceum, Setaria italica and Eleusine coracana were grown with and without full irrigation on an alkaline clay soil at Trangie, Australia. Dry-matter yields and forage quality changes with time were measured in the 1st year. Grain yield was recorded over 2 years.Dry-matter accumulation was initially most rapid in sorghum and Japanese barnyard millet. Sorghum, pearl millet and finger millet produced the most dry matter; these were the latest to reach head emergence. The early-maturing proso millet and foxtail millet produced only 7 and l i t dry matter/ha respectively. These two millets, like sorghum and pearl millet, had a high nitrogen: sulphur ratio and low sodium concentration in the forage. Finger millet had a lower nitrogen: sulphur ratio and a sodium concentration that was surpassed only by Japanese barnyard millet.Irrigated sorghum consistently produced the highest grain yields: over 9 t/ha. Yields from the millets were: foxtail 6·0, finger 5·0, proso 3·5, pearl and Japanese barnyard millet 2·8–2·9 t/ha. Special features of the millets are discussed.
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Mohiuddin Bhat, Farhan. "Evaluation of Chemical Composition Protein Quality and Amino Acid Scoring WHO/FAO Standards of Functional Cereals Oat Pearl Millet Sorghum and Finger Millet". International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine 7, n.º 2 (12 de julio de 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ipcm-16000241.
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The study was done on the characterization of Millets for their chemical and amino acid composition, total amino acid profile and amino acid scoring. The analyzed millet grains depicted moisture content less than 10 % that ensured higher storage stability. Pearl millet and sorghum had the most desirable amino acid composition. Non-essential amino acid content dominated the overall amino acid profile in analyzed pearl millet, finger millet and sorghum. Pearl millet and sorghum proteins was found to have an Essential amino acid index (EAAI) value of greater than 90 and thus are considered as good quality proteins. Sorghum was found to contain isoleucine as its limiting amino acid. The analyzed millets were found to contain higher amounts of tyrosine than phenylalanine, thus the consumptions of these cereals could be beneficial for those suffering from phenylketonuria. Oats and Finger millet were found to contain lowest concentration of sulphur containing essential amino acids cysteine and methionine.
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James, Samaila, Abdullazeez Ozovehe, Adobu Ilemona, Amina Ibrahim-Baba, Caleb Yakubu Maina, Suleiman Amuga James y Suleiman Yusuf Bagirei. "Total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant capacities of processed pearl millet and sorghum flours ". Croatian journal of food science and technology 14, n.º 2 (15 de diciembre de 2022): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17508/cjfst.2022.14.2.12.
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This study assessed the effects of sprouting and fermentation on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant property of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Pearl millet and sorghum were subjected to the treatment of sprouting and fermentation for 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h. After each of the treatments, the samples were oven-dried at 60 oC for 24 h and milled into fine flour of 0.05 mm in size. The total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant capacities were quantified using standard methods. The results of the study revealed that sprouting significantly (p<0.05) increased the total phenolic, total flavonoid and antioxidant capacities of pearl millet and sorghum. However, sprouting time significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total phenolic content of pearl millet. A similar trend of increment was observed in fermentation where there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the total phenolic, total flavonoid, reducing the power and antioxidant capacities of pearl millet and sorghum with an increase in fermentation time. Therefore, the results of this study revealed that the two bioprocesses (sprouting and fermentation) significantly increased the total phenolic, total flavonoid and antioxidant capacities of pearl millet and sorghum. However, pearl millet exhibited reduced TPC with an increase in sprouting time.
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Shukla, Preeti y Suresh Bhise. "Mighty Millets: Bespoke for Multi Nutrients". Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 42, n.º 32 (30 de septiembre de 2023): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i324220.
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Small-grained millets are warm-weather, annual cereals in the grass family. The three most significant millets grown in India are ragi (finger millet), bajra (pearl millet), and jowar (sorghum). Proso (Cheena), Kodo (Kodra, Arikelu), Fox tail (Kangni/Korra), Barnyard (Varai, Sawa), and little millet (Kutki) are only a few of the small millets that are grown in our nation. Millets have grown to be significant crops in Asia, and their global output has sharply increased. Less biotic and abiotic stress can affect them. In comparison to other major cereals, millet grains provide a particularly noteworthy source of minerals (iron and zinc), fibre, and carbohydrates. To promote millets' production and consumption, the Indian government declared them Nutri-Cereals in April 2018. Millets included are Sorghum (Jowar), Pearl Millet (Bajra), Finger Millet (Ragi/Mandua) & Minor Millets namely; Foxtail Millet (Kangani/Kakun), Proso Millet (Cheena), Kodo Millet (Kodo), Barnyard Millet (Sawa/Sanwa/ Jhangora), Little Millet (Kutki) and two Pseudo -millets viz Buckwheat (Kuttu) and Amaranthus (Chaulai). The UN declared 2023 the International Year of Millets (IYoM-2023) in order to increase domestic and international demand and to supply people with nutrient-rich meals. The significance of millets in the current environment is emphasised in this overview, along with the nutritional advantages and other health advantages of the main millet crops grown in India. Millets may show to be a crop with the ability to contribute to the security of food and nutrition.
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G Nishane, Dr Rakhi y Dr Archana S. Dachewar. "Role of Finger Millet, Pearl Millet and Foxtail Millet in Osteoporosis". Sanjeevani Darshan National - Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 01, n.º 02 (2023): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55552/sdnjay.2023.1207.
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Objectives- Osteoporosis is a chronic, metabolic, progressive bone disease which is characterized by decrease in bone density and increased bone fragility resulting in increase the risk of fracture. It is the most common bone disease affecting one in three women and one in five men over the age of 50 years Worldwide.The study is aimed to decrease such conditions using dietary suppliments like Finger milletand Pearl millet.Methodology- This review study is carried out using scientific material related to millets used in osteoporosis, Asthikshaya. Ayurveda literature, journals, research papers, online database regarding Millets, osteoporosis and other relevant topics are reviewed for the study. Result- To prevent osteoporosis and osteopenia, calcium and vitamin D suppliments are required. Dietary based calcium and vitamin D suppliments are easier to practice. Finger millet ( ragi, Eleusine coracana), Pearl millet ( bajra, pennisetum glaucum) and Foxtail millet (kangani, Setaria italica) are rich source of calcium, vitamin D, phosphorous, vitamin B12 etc. and also they are easily digestable. Madhur, tikta, kashaya rasa, ushna virya, madhur vipak of ragi, bajra and kangani are also mentioned in ayurvedic text which helps in balancing vata dosha which is helpful in asthikshaya. Conclusion- Osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures leads to significant decrease in quality of life with increased morbidty, mortality and disability in individual. Finger millets, pearl millet and foxtail millet contributes to high calcium retention and high bioavailblity of calcium and could be useful for healthy bone growth and decrease depletion of bone tissue i.e. asthikshay.
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Singh, S. D. "Downy Mildew of Pearl Millet". Plant Disease 79, n.º 6 (1995): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-79-0545.
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Varsha, S. M. Sree, M. Valliammai y Dr D. Radhapriya. "Optimization and Functionality of Millet Flours in Development of Noodles and Fryum". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n.º 12 (31 de diciembre de 2022): 2217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48446.
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Abstract: Millets are one of the firstborn foods recognized to being and probable primary cereal grain to be used for inland determinations. Millets are vital food crop at worldwide level with an imperative monetary influence on evolving republics. Millets are deliberate as high liveliness yielding nourishing foods which facilitate in addressing starvation. Millet based foods are meticulous as probable prebiotic and probiotics with catalog of health benefits. Grains of these millet species are broadly used up as a basis of old-style medications and important food to preserve health. Millets are now spent in various forms such as flattened, beaten, popped, roasted, powdered, ground, fried and also as extruded products. The rough grains are now the nutricereals as everyone see millets as solution for changing the lifestyle. The high ingesting of polished rice and refinedflour is the chief ingredient in the most of the foods in the built-up population which led to rise in obesity, diabetes, heart disease and hypertension. In the present study Finger millet, Foxtail millet, Pearl millet and Little millet were utilized in different food product development. The millet flours namely Foxtail millet, Finger millet, Pearl millet, Little millet were prepared and processed into extruded noodles and fryum that are mainly consumed by all age groups and hence the products were made up of traditional ingredients applying modern techniques.
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Kargwal, Raveena, Yadvika, Vijay Kumar Singh y Anil Kumar. "Energy Use Patterns of Pearl Millet (Pennisetumglaucum (L.)) Production in Haryana, India". World 4, n.º 2 (19 de abril de 2023): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/world4020017.
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Pearl millet (Pennisetumglaucum (L.)) is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world after rice, wheat, maize and sorghum. A resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly on 3 March 2021 decided to declare 2023 as the International Year of Millets. Millet has been promoted due to its nutritional value and low irrigation requirement. In this study, pearl millet was selected for energy auditing, and its production amount is a direct function of energy input. The production of pearl millet needs to be augmented to fulfill an increasing demand. Pearl millet is produced using various sources of energy. This study was conducted to examine the energy use pattern of different categories of farmers, such as small, medium and large, for pearl millet production in Hisar district, Haryana, India. The energy was distributed in different operations, including preparatory tillage, sowing, interculture, fertilizer, irrigation, pesticide, harvesting, threshing and transportation. The source-wise energy (direct and indirect) and operation-wise energy consumption were calculated for all categories of farmers. The average energy input of small, medium and large farmers was 2849.09 MJ.ha−1, 3027.21 MJ.ha−1 and 4021.50 MJ.ha−1, respectively. The highest energy was consumed in fertilizer application (52%), with the lowest in seed (2%). The energy ratios of small, medium and large farmers were 3.92, 9.40 and 13.80, respectively. This study could improve the agricultural production systems of pearl millet regarding the energy values of the inputs and outputs.
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Sangma, Salnamchi J., Ningaraj Belagalla, Vikram Simha H.V, Abhijit Debnath, S. Kamalasundari, Okram Ricky Devi, Nayanjyoti Ojha, Saurabh Raj Pandey, G. Malathi y Asmatullah. "Hydrothermal Treatment: A Critical Research on Improving Milling Efficiency Using the Parboiling Process for Pearl Millet". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, n.º 6 (26 de abril de 2024): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64615.
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Hydrothermal treatment, particularly through the parboiling process, has emerged as a critical method for enhancing milling efficiency in pearl millet. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the various aspects related to parboiling as a means to improve the quality and yield of milled pearl millet grains. The study begins by elucidating the significance of milling efficiency in pearl millet processing, considering its nutritional value and widespread consumption in regions such as sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. It then delves into the principles underlying the parboiling process, including soaking, steaming, and drying stages, and their impact on the physicochemical properties of millet grains. Key factors influencing milling efficiency, such as soaking temperature, duration, and steaming conditions, are thoroughly examined based on recent research findings and empirical evidence. The study highlights the critical role of gelatinization in starch transformation, protein denaturation, and fiber preservation during the parboiling process, contributing to improved milling outcomes. Furthermore, the review explores the effects of parboiling on reducing grain breakage, enhancing milling yield, and minimizing nutrient losses, thereby optimizing the overall milling efficiency of pearl millet. It discusses the implications of parboiling on nutritional quality, food safety, and economic viability, underscoring its potential to address challenges in millet processing and promote sustainable agricultural practices. The study concludes by outlining future research directions and practical considerations for optimizing the parboiling process in pearl millet production. It emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, knowledge exchange, and technology transfer to realize the full benefits of hydrothermal treatment in improving milling efficiency and enhancing the value chain of pearl millet. In summary, this critical review provides valuable insights into the role of parboiling as a transformative technique for enhancing milling efficiency in pearl millet processing, offering implications for research, policy, and practice in the domains of food security, nutrition, and agricultural development.
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Sah, Uma, G. P. Dixit, Hemant Kumar, Jitendra Ojha, Mohit Katiyar, Vikrant Singh, S. K. Dubey y N. P. Singh. "Performance of Millets in Bundelkhand Region of UP State". Indian Journal of Extension Education 57, n.º 4 (15 de septiembre de 2021): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijee.2021.57426.
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Time series data on area, production and productivity of major millets (2000-01 to 2019- 20) was analyzed for Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh state. Sorghum was the most important millet crop that accounted for highest area (36.6%) and (34%) of total millet area and production in UP state, respectively. Chitrakoot district contributed highest area (31.6%) under millets. Among all the millets, pearl millet recorded highest growth rate in area (0.97%), production (3.57%) and productivity (1.59%) with low instability index for area. The overall area and production of millet crops recorded decline in all the seven districts of Bundelkhand region during overall study period (2000-20). Lalitpur district recorded highest decline in area (-22.02%), followed by Chitrakoot (-10.82%) and Jhansi district (- 10.63%) during overall study period, while during the same period Banda district recorded a growth in area (1.16%) and production (4.77 %) of pearl millet. The overall area, production and productivity of millets registered a decline in Bundelkhand region during 2000-20. This calls for aggressive promotional activities for enhancing millets production in the region.
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Saraswat, Shubhra y Sneha Krishna. "Bajra (Pearl Millet) “The Millennium Food”". Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 56, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2019): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2019.56.3.23744.
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Pearl Millet (Pennisetumglaucum) also known as Bajra is one of the oldest millet used by our ancestors and is one of the most important cereal grow in tropical semi arid regions of the world primarily Asia and Africa. It is known to have a very high fiber. In India, it is used as regular meal in states like Rajasthan and Gujarat. Previous studies have found that pearl millets are excellent source of micronutrients like iron and zinc. It also has certain antinutrient factors and inhibitors like phytic acid, polyphenols due to which the bio accessibility of iron and zinc is very low in pearl millet. Due to its potential health benefits it has now gained popularity, nutritionists and dieticians recommends it for the better health options. Bajra is very cheap millet known as “Poor People’s food”. It has enormous health benefits that it is being recommended to the patients of celiac disease, constipation and several noncommunicable diseases. This paper aims to review the potential health benefits of pearl millet.
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Kanchana, S. "A review on nutritional and mental health benefits of millets". i-manager's Journal on Life Sciences 2, n.º 2 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jls.2.2.20328.
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This paper explores the nutritional and mental health benefits of millets, challenging the idea that these ancient grains lack essential nutrients. Millets offer a natural and nutritious alternative to today's processed diets, packed with fiber, protein, and antioxidants. The paper emphasizes the cognitive benefits of incorporating iron-biofortified pearl millet, highlighting its positive effects on brain function, memory, and attention. Their antioxidants combat oxidative stress, potentially lowering the risk of chronic diseases like neurological disorders and diabetes. Despite being historically significant, there's a misconception that millets lack essential nutrients. The paper counters this by highlighting their rich composition of essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals, providing protection against age-related degenerative diseases. The focus on pearl millet reveals its nutritional importance, boasting high protein content, essential amino acids, and therapeutic properties. Pearl millet supports heart health, respiratory health, bone growth, reduces the risk of cancer and aids in weight loss. It is also recognized for treating stomach ulcers and preventing gallstones.
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Kaurav, Ajay Singh. "Screening of Effective Media for the Growth of Pyricularia grisea under In-vitro Condition". Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 9, n.º 3 (30 de junio de 2021): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8658.
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Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucoma (L.) R. Br.], belongs to family Poaceae (section Paniceae), is the world’s hardiest warm-season cereal crop with the annual rainfall of 150 mm to 1000 mm.Maximum mycelial growth was recorded in potato dextrose carrot agar medium (86.33 mm) followed by Pearl millet Potato dextrose agar (83.67 mm), potato dextrose agar (78.33 mm), Pearl millet carrot dextrose agar (71.67 mm), Pearl millet potato agar (68.33 mm), Carrot dextrose agar (60.67 mm), Pearl millet grain potato dextrose agar (58.33 mm), Oat meal agar (51.67 mm), Pearl millet dextrose agar (51.67 mm), Calcium carbonate agar (42.67 mm), Malt agar (41.00 mm), Water agar (37.33 mm), Pearl millet grain dextrose agar (35.33 mm), Pearl millet agar (30.00) and Yeast extract agar (28.33 mm) while minimum growth was recorded in Pearl millet grain agar (27.33 mm).
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Rai, K. N., D. S. Murty, D. J. Andrews y P. J. Bramel-Cox. "Genetic enhancement of pearl millet and sorghum for the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa". Genome 42, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 1999): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-040.
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.), ranking fifth and sixth in global cereal hectarage, respectively, are the most important coarse-grain cereals in the semi-arid tropical regions of Asia and Africa. Pearl millet displays better adaptation to and is grown in relatively more marginal environments than sorghum. Under subsistence farming conditions, both crops have low grain yields (0.5-0.7 t·ha-1 for pearl millet and 0.7-0.9 t·ha-1 for sorghum), although improved hybrid cultivars give 3-4 t·ha-1 of realizable grain yields in better-endowed environments. African germplasm, especially Zera Zera sorghums from the Sudan-Ethiopian border in eastern Africa and Iniari pearl millets from the Togo - Ghana - Benin - Burkina Faso region of western Africa, has proved most useful for the genetic improvement of these crops. The greatest impact of improved cultivars (mostly hybrids) has occurred in India, where the area under high-yielding varieties (HYVs) increased from 6% for pearl millet and 3% for sorghum in the triennium 1968-1970 to 53% for pearl millet and 54% for sorghum in the triennium 1992-1994. During the same period, productivity of both crops increased by 59%, which is attributable to both genetic improvement and management factors. HYVs have now started to be adopted in some of the African countries as well (e.g., Chad, Cameroon, Botswana, and Zimbabwe for sorghum; Chad, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe for pearl millet). The availability of vast untapped genetic resources and continuing yield gains indicate that there are good prospects for future genetic improvement in the productivity of these crops, which can be accelerated with the application of biotechnological tools. Sorghum and pearl millet will continue to be important food crops in their traditional semi-arid tropical areas. Sorghum is already an important feed crop in the developed world and pearl millet has the potential to become an even better feed crop, as it has higher protein content and a better amino acid profile than sorghum. The nutritional value of both crops for food and feed use can be further improved by breeding. Also, through genetic enhancement, there exist opportunities for the development of sorghum and pearl millet cultivars suitable for alternative uses in the bakery and beverage industries.Key words: sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum, genetic enhancement, semi-arid tropics, Asia, Africa, cultivars, impact.
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Shah, A. H., H. Karar, M. S. Farooq, M. S. A. Bazmi, G. Nabi, M. R. Gondal y M. S. Akhtar. "Effect of Last Cutting Dates on Seed Production of Multicut MB-87 – A Variety of Pearl Millet, Pennisetum glaucum (Bajra)". Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 51, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2018): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2018-0017.
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Abstract Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is considered an important kharif crop, which is grown extensively in the arid and semi-arid tropical regions, where other crops, like sorghum and maize, fail to produce economic yields. Its grains are valued as human food, while its dry stover makes significant livestock ration in croplivestock farming system. Pearl millets (MB-87), a newly developed variety of Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan, is one of the best pearl millet variety, which gives more than one cutting and helps to cope with fodder lean period, as well as more income can be generated in addition to seed. So, overcome the scarcity period the study was conducted to check the effect of last cutting dates on seed production of multicut pearl millet MB-87 was conducted at Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan, during 2015 and 2016. Following parameters were taken in to consideration, i.e. plant height (cm), stem thickness (cm), number of leaves per tiller, number of tillers per plant, green fodder yield (t/ha), length of head (cm), 1000 grains weight (g) and grain yield (kg/ha). The results depicted that grain yield, i.e. 319.20, was maximum and head length was highest, i.e. 35.13 cm on 20th of August having last date of cut, whereas all others parameters were found to be nonsignificant. Multicut bajra gives three cutting of fodder, followed by seed, as compared with conventional bajra, which gives only one cutting or seed. Therefore, it is more economical for the growers of fodders to grow the pearl millets MB-87 as fodder, as well as for seed purposes. So, it is concluded that for gaining maximum grain yield of multicut pearl millet MB-87 the last cutting date should be 20th of August. In future, pearl millet is likely to play a larger role in providing food and nutritional security.
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K, RAMAMOORTHY y CHRISTOPHER LOURDURAJ A. "Effect of intercrops and nutrients on yield attributes and yield of rainfed pearl millet". Madras Agricultural Journal 89, December (2002): 631–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00276.
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Field experiments conducted during kharif (September-December) 1997 and 1998 on rainfed pearlmillet at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatroe revealed that grain yield of pearl millet was reduced by intercropping cowpea and sunflower compared to sole stand. The pearl millet + cowpea intercropping resulted in significantly lower pearl millet grain equivalent yield compared to pearl millet as sole crop or pearl millet sunflower intercropping. Pearl millet yield was significantly lower in unfertilised control. Grain yield of pearl millet was significantly enhanced by addition of 60 kg N ha-1. Further addition of 30 kg P2O5 ha and 20 kg ZnSO4 ha-1, resulted in additional yield under rainfed conditions.
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Yadav, Rajesh, Ruchika Choudhary y Akshita Sharma. "Response of Intercropping of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)] + Green Gram [Vigna radiata] on Yield and Economics under Sandy Loam Soils of Rajasthan, India". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, n.º 22 (21 de noviembre de 2023): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i224132.
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The existing experiment was conducted at MJRPU, Jaipur during 2021-22 season. Nowadays fertility of soil was decreasing day by day so the present investigation was conducted to assess the fertility as well as other effects on growth and yield of both the crops. The experiment was conducted using randomized block design with 10 treatment combination replicated thrice. The treatments were as T1-Pearl millet (drilled) + Green gram (1:1) 45 cm, T2-Pearl millet (drilled) + Green gram (2:1) 45 cm, T3-Pearl millet (drilled) + Green gram (1:2) 30 cm, T4-Pearl millet (drilled) + Green gram (2:2) 30 cm, T5-Pearl millet (T. P.) + Green gram (1:1) 45 cm, T6-Pearl millet (T. P.) + Green gram (2:1) 45 cm, T7-Pearl millet (T. P.) + Green gram (1:2) 30 cm, T8-Pearl millet (T. P.) + Green gram (2:2) 30 cm, T9-Pearl millet sole (drilled) 45 cm and T10-Pearl millet sole (T. P.) 45 cm. From the current examination it can be concluded that higher growth parameters, growth, grain yield, straw yield, and net realization of summer pearl millet could be achieved either sole pearl millet crop when transplanted at 45 cm or 30 cm, or when it is transplanted as an intercrop with green gram at a row ratio of 2:1 of 45 cm or sole pearl millet crop when sown by drill method at 45 cm row spacing. The soil available nitrogen also found non-significant at harvest.
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Gwekwe, Blessing Nhamoinesu, Prosper Chopera, Tonderayi M. Matsungo, Catherine Chidewe, Stanley Mukanganyama, Elijah Nyakudya, Florence Mtambanengwe, Paul Mapfumo y Loveness K. K. Nyanga. "Effect of dehulling, fermentation, and roasting on the nutrient and anti-nutrient content of sorghum and pearl millet flour". International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources 5, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v5i1.221.
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Sorghum and pearl millet contain anti-nutritional factors such as tannins and phytic acid, which limits their use in processed food products. Pre-treatment processes of these traditional grains such as dehulling, roasting, and fermentation, have potential to reduce the anti-nutritional factors. However, there is death in data on their efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of dehulling, fermenting and roasting on the proximate, micronutrient and anti-nutritional content of sorghum and pearl millet flour from Zimbabwe. The grains were roasted, dehulled, fermented, and milled into flour. Four treatments namely, (1) unprocessed sorghum (control 1), (2) processed sorghum, (3) unprocessed pearl millet (control 2) and (4) processed pearl millet were prepared. The treatment samples were evaluated for proximate and mineral content using standard methods of analysis (AOAC, 2000) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry (ICP-OES) method, respectively. Phytates and tannins were measured using the UV Spectrophotometer method. The alkaloid content was determined gravimetrically. Data were analysed statistically using ANOVA at 95% probability. Sorghum processing i.e. dehulling, fermenting, roasting and milling significantly increased the protein content (from 15.0±0.08 to 20.0±3.98%) and ash content (from 3.6±0.05 to 4.2±0.52%) (p<0.05). No significant difference in fat content was observed between the processed and unprocessed sorghum and pearl millet (p>0.05). Similarly, the protein content of pearl millet significantly increased after processing (from 20.0 ±0.07 to 25±2.875) (p<0.05), while carbohydrate and ash content reduced significantly after processing (p<0.05). The processed pearl millet had significantly higher moisture content than the unprocessed (p<0.05). No significant difference in the calcium, iron and sodium content was recorded between the processed and unprocessed sorghum (p>0.05). The magnesium content decreased significantly after processing sorghum (p<0.05). However, potassium and zinc content increased significantly after processing (p<0.05). Processing pearl millet significantly increased in the calcium, potassium and zinc content (p<0.001). No significant difference in the iron content was observed between the two treatments (p>0.05). The magnesium and sodium content decreased significantly after processing (p<0.001). Processing pearl millet and sorghum significantly reduced the phytic acid content and tannin levels (p<0.05). The alkaloid content of the processed sorghum decreased significantly, while no significant difference in alkaloid content was recorded between processed and unprocessed pearl millet (p>0.05). Processing of sorghum and pearl millet is recommended since it improves the nutritional composition and lowers anti-nutritional factors.
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Patel, K. R. "Effect of Intercropping and Fertility Levels on the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potash Content and Uptake by Summer Pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) under South Gujarat Condition". Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 9, n.º 3 (30 de junio de 2021): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8710.
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A field experiment was conducted at College Agronomy Farm, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during summer, 2019 and 2020 comprising four intercropping treatments i.e. pearlmillet sole, pearlmillet+greengram, pearlmillet+cowpea, pearlmillet+clusterbean and three fertility levels viz., 75 % RDF, 100 % RDF and 125 % RDF. Among the different intercropping system examined, sole pearl millet (I1) accumulated significantly less content of N and P in pearl millet grain and straw as compared to intercropping with pulses treatments. Pearl millet + green gram (I2) recorded significantly higher N and P uptake by pearl millet straw than other intercropping systems. The sole pearl millet (I1) was at par with pearl millet intercropped with green gram (I2) had significantly higher K content and uptake in pearl millet grain and straw. In case of fertility levels, nitrogen and phosphorus content and uptake in pearl millet grain and straw were recorded significantly higher by application of 100 % RDF. Significantly higher N, P and K uptake by pearl millet grain and straw in pooled results were produced by treatment combination of pearl millet + green gram (I2) intercropping along with 75 % RDF (F1).
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Reddy, Madhavi, Shivakumara C.S y Aneesha Aneesha. "Flour and Dough Quality of Millets and Their Suitability for Preparation of Traditional South Indian Roti". JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES 16, n.º 1 (19 de marzo de 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.58739/jcbs/v09i1.4.
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Background: India is a land of millets. Millets are the most nutritious grains. India contributes to world’s 35% production but the consumption of millet and their products is limited. Objectives: The present study is to determine the flour and dough quality of different milletsand their Suitability for Preparation of Traditional South Indian Rotis (viz., Finger Millet, Kodo Millet, Foxtail Millet, Pearl Millet, Barnyard Millet, Little Millet, Proso Millet and Sorghum). Materials and Methods: Eight varieties of millets were procured from local market of Kolar and utilized for the study. Results: Among the eight varieties millets roti, the Little Millet roti scored highest among all and was at par with control sample. The appearance of Sorghum roti and flavor of foxtail millet roti was found as on par with the control sample. Conclusion: Hence it can be concluded from the sensory evaluation of among the eight millets roti sam-ples overall acceptability was found in Little Millet roti. Key Words: Millets, bulk density, Swelling capacity, Rollability,
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Ruiz-Giralt, Abel, Stefano Biagetti, Marco Madella y Carla Lancelotti. "Small-scale farming in drylands: New models for resilient practices of millet and sorghum cultivation". PLOS ONE 18, n.º 2 (2 de febrero de 2023): e0268120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268120.
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Finger millet, pearl millet and sorghum are amongst the most important drought-tolerant crops worldwide. They constitute primary staple crops in drylands, where their production is known to date back over 5000 years ago. Compared to other crops, millets and sorghum have received less attention until very recently, and their production has been progressively reduced in the last 50 years. Here, we present new models that focus on the ecological factors driving finger millet, pearl millet and sorghum traditional cultivation, with a global perspective. The interaction between environment and traditional agrosystems was investigated by Redundancy Analysis of published literature and tested against novel ethnographic data. Contrary to earlier beliefs, our models show that the total annual precipitation is not the most determinant factor in shaping millet and sorghum agriculture. Instead, our results point to the importance of other variables such as the duration of the plant growing cycle, soil water-holding capacity or soil nutrient availability. This highlights the potential of finger millet, pearl millet and sorghum traditional cultivation practices as a response to recent increase of aridity levels worldwide. Ultimately, these practices can play a pivotal role for resilience and sustainability of dryland agriculture.
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Shiyal, V. N., V. M. Patel, M. K. Gamit, K. K. Patel y P. L. Kotadiya. "Effect of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)- Pulses Intercropping System with Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, n.º 11 (31 de octubre de 2023): 1950–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113353.
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A field experiment was conducted at the College Farm, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) to study the effect of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) - pulses intercropping system and nutrient management on growth and yield of pearl millet during summer season of the years 2021 and 2022. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design consisting 24 treatment combinations replicated thrice. The main plot treatments comprised of four intercropping system viz., sole pearl millet (I1), pearl millet + greengram (I2), pearl millet + blackgram (I3), pearl millet + cowpea (I4) and six nutrient management practices in sub plot viz. control (F1), 100% RDF to pearl millet through inorganic fertilizer (F2), 5 t/ha FYM + 100% RDF through inorganic fertilizer (F3), 5 t/ha FYM + 100% RDF through inorganic fertilizer on base of STV (F4), 25% RDN through FYM + 75% RDF through inorganic fertilizer (F5) and 50% RDN through FYM + 50% RDF through inorganic fertilizer (F6). Among main plot effect, significantly higher dry matter accumulation per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, earhead length, earhead weight, grain weight per earhead, grain and straw yields of pearl millet were noted in sole pearl millet (I1) during both the years of investigation as well as in pooled analysis. Whereas plant height and pearl millet equivalent yield was significantly higher in pearl millet + greengram (I2) intercropping system. In case of sub plot nutrient management practices, significantly higher values of plant height, dry matter accumulation per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, earhead length, earhead weight, grain weight per earhead, grain and straw yields as well as pearl millet equivalent yield were recorded in F4 (5 t/ha FYM + RDF through inorganic fertilizer on base of STV) which remained statistically at par with treatment F3 (5 t/ha FYM + 100% RDF through inorganic fertilizer) treatment. Interaction effect of I1F4 (sole pearl millet along with 5 t/ha FYM + RDF through inorganic fertilizer on base of STV) resulted in significantly higher dry matter accumulation per plant at 60 DAS and harvest, earhead weight, grain weight per earhead, grain and straw yield of pearl millet.
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Lauriault, Leonard M., Murali K. Darapuneni y Gasper K. Martinez. "Pearl Millet-Cowpea Forage Mixture Planting Arrangement Influences Mixture Yield and Nutritive Value in Semiarid Regions". Crops 3, n.º 4 (29 de octubre de 2023): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/crops3040024.
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Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) are well-adapted to semiarid regions. A two-year study at New Mexico State University’s Rex E. Kirksey Agricultural Science Center at Tucumcari, NM, USA, compared monoculture pearl millet and cowpea with their mixtures in various row arrangements in four randomized complete blocks each year. Treatments included monoculture pearl millet (millet) and cowpea (cowpea), pearl millet and cowpea mixture planted in the same row (millet–cowpea), the species planted in alternate rows (millet–cowpea 1:1), the species planted in two adjacent rows alternating between species (millet–cowpea 2:2), and the species planted in four adjacent rows alternating between species (millet–cowpea 4:4), Mixture neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was reduced i millet–cowpea 1:1 and millet–cowpea 2:2 compared to millet (673, 662, 644, 646, and 666 g NDF kg−1 for millet, millet–cowpea, millet–cowpea 1:1, millet–cowpea 2:2, and millet–cowpea 4:4, respectively, LSD = 18, p ≤ 0.05). Crude protein tended to be increased in millet–cowpea 2:2. Based on these results two rows of cowpea alternated with two rows of pearl millet, all spaced at 15 cm and harvesting for hay at the pearl millet boot stage likely optimizes the compromise of DM yield and the nutritive value of the mixture.
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Praveen-Kumar, R. K. Aggarwal y James F. Power. "Cropping systems: Effects on soil quality indicators and yield of pearl millet in an arid region". American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 12, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1997): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300007530.
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AbstractWhile crop rotations improve soil quality indicators and crop yields in humid temperate regions, much less information is available under harsher arid tropical and subtropical conditions. A field experiment conducted from 1990 to 1993 compared the effect of continuous pearl millet and pearl millet-fallow systems with six rotations of pearl millet that included one, two, or three years of a legume (cluster bean or mung bean). Data were collected on several soil quality indicators and pearl millet yield. Continuous pearl millet monoculture for three y ears did not affect soil organic C, NaHCO3-soluble P, DTPA extractable Fe, Cu, Mn, or Zn, or several soil organic N fractions, but slightly increased activity of dehydrogenase and acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes. Similar trends were observed for fallow-based cropping systems, except that enzyme activities were lower. Cropping systems containing mung bean or cluster bean improved availability of soil N and other nutrients and increased enzyme activity. These effects increased with number of years of legume. Improvements from cluster bean generally were greater than from mung bean. The lowest pearl milkt yield was obtained with continuous pearl millet and no N, and yields f or fallow-based cropping systems were 13% greater than with continuous pearl millet. Grain yields of pearl millet with two or three years of mung bean in the cropping system were, respectively, 37 and 65% greater than for continuous pearl millet; with cluster bean the corresponding increases were 68 and 101%. Pearl millet yield increased with N applications up to 40 kg/ha under all cropping systems, and up to 60 kg/ha for some cluster bean-based systems. Yield of pearl millet following cluster bean was nearly double that of continuous pearl millet. These results indicate that in hot, dry climates cropping systems that include a legume, especially cluster bean, are more productive, use the limited water supply and fertilizer N more effectively, and improve several soil quality indicators more than do cropping systems without legumes.
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Dadarwal, R. S., Vishal Ahlawat, Kautilya Chaudhary, M. K. Jat y Kavita . "Moisture Conservations Options for Boosting System Productivity under Pearl Millet: Cluster Bean Strip Intercropping". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, n.º 2 (22 de febrero de 2023): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i22760.
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The present investigation was carried out to study the Moisture conservations options for boosting system productivity under Pearl millet: Cluster bean strip intercropping under aberrant weather situations of south-western Haryana. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design comprising nine treatments replicated thrice. Pearl millet: Cluster bean strip cropping (6:3) under deep summer ploughing recorded maximum land equivalent ratio (1.37) and pearl millet equivalent yield (29.30 q/ha) over conventional and straw mulching practices. While, the highest gross return Rs. 50134, net return Rs. 21749 and B:C (1.77) also recorded under Pearl millet: Cluster bean strip cropping (6:3) under deep summer ploughing (30 cm depth) over other treatments. Pearl millet: Cluster bean strip cropping (with raw ratio 6:3) under deep summer ploughing (30 cm depth) moisture conservation practice significantly improvement of system productivity, land equivalent ratio and pearl millet equivalent yield of pearl millet + Cluster bean strip cropping system.
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KAUR, PARAMJOT, MONIKA SOOD, JULIE D. BANDRAL y RAJKUMARI KAUL. "Formulation and quality characterization of flat bread from pearl millet blended composite flour". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 87, n.º 9 (12 de septiembre de 2017): 1174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v87i9.74164.
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In the present study, pearl millet flour was blended with refined wheat flour and soy protein isolates for the development of flat bread. The developed products were stored for 18 days to ascertain the changes in physico-chemical and sensory characteristics. In case of flat bread, water absorption of composite flour showed a significant increase with the incorporation of pearl millet flour, whereas gluten content and falling number decreased with the increase in percentage of pearl millet flour. Although, T6 (40:50:10:: pearl millet flour: refined wheat flour: soy protein isolates in flat bread) treatment recorded highest water absorption, but gluten and falling number were highest in treatment T1 (00:100:00:: pearl millet flour: refined wheat flour: soy protein isolates). The highest moisture, crude fat, crudefibre and ash content of 26.31, 4.00, 2.81 and 2.53 per cent were recorded in T6 (40:50:10:: pearl millet flour: refined wheat flour: soy protein isolates). However, T2 (00:90:10:: pearl millet flour: refined wheat flour: soy protein isolates) recorded highest value of crude protein (16.58 per cent). Sensory evaluation of flat bread revealed that T1 (00:100:00:: pearl millet flour: refined wheat flour: soy protein isolates) recorded highest mean score for overall acceptability (8.42), whereas T6 (40:50:10:: pearl millet flour: refined wheat flour: soy protein isolates) recorded lowest mean scores for overall acceptability (6.53).
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N, SUBBARAMAN, JAYARAMAN N, GOMATHINAYAGAM P, NALLATHAMBI G, SURENDRAN C, VEERABADHIRAN P, MEENAKUMARAI B y SANGEETHA PANICKER. "COCu H8: A high yielding downy mildew resistant pearl millet hybrid". Madras Agricultural Journal 89, september (2002): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00255.
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The pearl millet hybrid TNBH 5635 is a cross between 732 A and PT 4550, was developed at the Department of Millets, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, TNAU, Coimbatore. This new hybrid recorded a mean grain yield of 2841 kg ha-1 under rainfed condition and 3682 kg ha-1 under irrigated conditions. This hybrid exhibited resistance to downy mildew disease. It has acceptable cooking quality. Hence the culture TNBH 5635 was released as COCu H 8 pearl millet hybrid for commercial cultivation in Tamil Nadu.
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M, Sowmiya, Sharmili K, Ramachander S y Dinesh Kumar P. "Studies on Pearl Millet-Based Intercropping System under Rainfed Condition of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, n.º 4 (8 de mayo de 2024): 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i44165.
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Aim: The aim of the study is to ascertain the response of pearl millet under intercropping system with pulses and their ability to produce higher yield under intercropping conditions. Study Design: The study was carried out in Randomized block design (RBD). Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2023-2024 at Karunya Institute of technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Methodology: The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice. It consisted of eleven treatments comprising of pearl millet as main crop and pulses viz., blackgram, greengram, redgram, cowpea and bengalgram as intercrops. Pulses were intercropped with pearl millet in replacement series of 4:1 and 6:1 row proportion. Results: Significantly higher plant height (186.03cm), dry matter accumulation (7386kg/ha), grain yield (2493 kg/ha) and B:C (2.50) ratio was recorded in pearl millet + blackgram (4:1). Further pearl millet equivalent yield (PMGEY) (2711.1 kg/ha) and Relative Crowding Coefficient (RCC) were higher in pearl millet with blackgram 4:1 ratio and Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) were higher in pearl millet + redgram at a ratio of 4:1. Conclusion: These results confirmed that, pearl millet + blackgram 4:1 intercropping system may be suggested to get greater net return and B: C ratio.
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Kaushik, S. K. y R. C. Gautam. "Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the production potential of pearl millet–cow pea or green gram intercropping systems under rainfed conditions". Journal of Agricultural Science 108, n.º 2 (abril de 1987): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600079387.
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SummaryResults are described of an experiment involving various pearl millet–cow pea or green gram planting and interplanting systems under four levels of nitrogen and two levels of phosphorus. Planting of pearl millet in paired rows of 30 and 70 cm gave as much yield as normal planting in uniform rows of 50 cm. The productivity per unit area was increased considerably when pearl millet was interplanted with one row of cow pea or green gram. Cow pea gave higher yield than green gram. Nitrogen fertilizer increased pearl millet as well as intercrops yield significantly. Pearl millet responded up to 60 kg N/ha and intercrops up to 30 kg N/ha. Phosphorus fertilizer did not produce marked improvement in either growth or yield of pearl millet. Application of 40 kg P2O5/ha increased grain yield of intercrops significantly
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Vanishree, S., M. R. Kammar y Udaykumar Nidoni. "Development and Evaluation of Pearl Millet Based Novel Health Drink". Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 53, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2016): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2016.53.4.8404.
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Malnutrition in general and nutritional anaemia in particular is a public health problem in India. The remedies for which lies with the people if they are educated to utilize the locally available nutrient rich food sources. In this background, an effort was made to develop a novel food product from bajra, an iron rich health drink as a supplementary food to combat malnutrition. Bajra or pearl millet is extensively grown in Raichur district, which is a rich source of iron, Ca, Zn and high level of fat. But its uses are limited. Novel health drink was prepared using sprouted and dried pearl millet flour, sprouted and dried finger millet powder, malted soya flour, sugar powder and milk powder, and popped and milled amaranth seed powder in different combinations. The pearl millet flour was fortified with other ingredients used in different combinations i.e., 50, 60,70 and 80% respectively along with other ingredients and 100% pearl millet flour was used as control. The effect of germination on nutritional composition in terms of proximate was assessed and sensory evaluation was done for all the fortified samples using 9 point hedonic scale. Sensory evaluation of fortified samples showed that 50 per cent bajra concentration sample was the most accepted sample with respect to all the qualities followed by 60%. Germination enhanced the protein and minerals especially iron content with the reduction in fat.
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Faiz, Mukhtar Ahmad, Ram Swaroop Bana, Anil Kumar Choudhary, Alison M. Laing, Ruchi Bansal, Arti Bhatia, Ramesh Chand Bana et al. "Zero Tillage, Residue Retention and System-Intensification with Legumes for Enhanced Pearl Millet Productivity and Mineral Biofortification". Sustainability 14, n.º 1 (4 de enero de 2022): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010543.
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Pearl millet-based cropping systems with intensive tillage operations prior to sowing have limited sustainable productivity in the low-irrigation conditions of semi-arid farming ecologies, such as those in the north Indian plains. The adoption of improved management practices such as zero tillage with residue retention (ZTR) and diversification with the inclusion of summer pulse crops has the potential to improve cropping system sustainability. Therefore, an experiment was designed to compare two improved management practices, zero tillage (ZT) and ZTR, to conventional tillage (CT), across three pearl millet-based cropping systems: pearl millet–chickpea (PM–CP), PM–CP–mungbean (MB), and PM–CP–forage pearl millet in a two-year experiment. Experimental treatments were compared in terms of pearl millet productivity, mineral biofortification, and greenhouse gas emissions. Results showed a significant increase in pearl millet yield attributes, grain and stover productivity, nutrient uptake, and micronutrient biofortification in the PM–CP–MB cropping system under ZTR relative to other treatment combinations. On-farm evaluation at different locations also showed that the intensification of PM–CP system using summer crops enhanced pearl millet productivity across diverse tillage systems. Overall, zero tillage practices combined with diversified pearl millet-based cropping systems are likely to be management practices, which farmers can use to sustainably maintain or increase cropping system productivity in the various semi-arid areas of the world.
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Timper, P., J. P. Wilson, A. W. Johnson y W. W. Hanna. "Evaluation of Pearl Millet Grain Hybrids for Resistance to Meloidogyne spp. and Leaf Blight Caused by Pyricularia grisea". Plant Disease 86, n.º 8 (agosto de 2002): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.8.909.
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Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum, has potential as a grain crop in the southeastern United States. Our objectives were to (i) determine the resistance and/or tolerance of pearl millet hybrids to Meloidogyne incognita race 3 and M. arenaria race 1; (ii) compare reproduction of Meloidogyne spp. on pearl millet and corn; and (iii) determine the disease severity of leaf blight caused primarily by Pyricularia grisea. In a field naturally infested with M. incognita, experimental pearl millet hybrids with inbreds 114 and 117 as the pollinators had fewer numbers of second-stage juveniles and more severe leaf blight than did HGM-100, a nematode-susceptible hybrid; hybrids with inbred 115 as the pollinator were similar to HGM-100 in both nematode numbers and foliar disease severity. Grain yields in pearl millet were greater in plots treated with 1,3-dichloropropene than in control plots and were negatively correlated with leaf blight severity. In a greenhouse experiment, both M. incognita and M. arenaria produced fewer eggs on pearl millet hybrids with pollinators 114, 117, 101, 102, and 103 than on hybrid HGM-100. Reproduction of M. incognita was less on the resistant pearl millet hybrids than on corn. Because both M. incognita and P. grisea can reduce grain yield of pearl millet, hybrids developed for the southeastern United States should be resistant to both pathogens.
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P. PRIYA, E. R ANEENA,SEEJA THOMACHAN, P. S LAKSHMY y P. PRAMEELA. "OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF THE PEARL MILLET NUTRI WAFFLES". Journal of Research ANGRAU 51, n.º 3 (5 de octubre de 2023): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.58537/jorangrau.2023.51.3.11.
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The study was carried out (2019-2022) to formulate nutritionally superior waffles with pearl millet. Pearl millet was used as the major ingredient in varying proportions starting from 90% to 50% along with 10% to 50% refined wheat flour and tapioca flours. Based on the organoleptic evaluation, nutri waffles prepared with pearl millet flour and refined wheat flour (RWF), PWT3 (70% PMF + 30% RWF) had goodsensory qualities. Pearl millet centered nutri waffles with tapioca flour (TF), the treatment PTT4 (60% PMF + 40% TF) secured the top mean score of 8.47 for overall acceptability. The study showed the scope for value addition of pearl millet for nutri waffles incorporated with refined wheat flour and tapioca flour.
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Singh, Shubham, R. N. Yadav, Arun Kumar Tripathi, Manoj Kumar, Monu Kumar, Shubham Yadav, Dharmendra Kumar, Suneel Kumar y Rishabh Yadav. "Current Status and Promotional Strategies of Millets: A Review". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, n.º 9 (7 de agosto de 2023): 3088–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92551.
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Millets or nutri-cereals are high-energy foods, its domestication and cultivation date back at least 10,000 years. Millets are typically grown on degraded, marginal terrain that receives little rainfall and has low soil nitrogen concentration. Finger millet, Pearl millet, Foxtail millet, Barnyard millet, Proso millet, Kodo millet, and Tiny millet are the seven major millets grown around the world. In the case of India, millet output peaked in the 1980s and then steadily fell as a result of a substantial fall in the area that was being grown. The abundance of dietary fibres, antioxidants, minerals, phytochemicals, polyphenols, and proteins in millets makes them special in the fight against diseases. Millet is currently addressing an essential field of research for food scientists because to their considerable engagement in nutritional security and potential growing health consequences. Millets' nutritional value can be further enhanced by using appropriate and efficient processing techniques. Given the numerous health advantages and environmental benefits of millets, it is urgently necessary to create millet-based government policies that acknowledge their contributions to achieving nutritional security and bring them back into agricultural production in order to create cropping systems that are climate resilient.
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Johari, Aanchal y Asha Kawatra. "Effect of Processing Treatments on Proximate Composition of Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl millet)". Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 55, n.º 2 (4 de abril de 2018): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2018.55.2.17889.
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In the present study effect of processing treatments viz. blanching and germination on the proximate composition of Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet) was studied. Proximate composition was analysed by the standard methods determined according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Results indicated that moisture content increased significantly after processing treatments. Blanching resulted in non significant increase in ash content of pearl millet grains. The crude protein content of unprocessed pearl millet was 11.55%. The crude protein content of blanched pearl millet grains was 11.27%. Crude protein content of germinated grains was found to be 12.38% as in comparison to 11.55% in unprocessed and 11.27 in blanching treatment. Crude fat content of unprocessed (control), blanched and germinated pearl millet grains were 5.36, 5.09 and 4.55%, respectively. Fiber content increased significantly after blanching and germination processing treatments. Processing treatments not only effect the nutritional composition of pearl millet but also contribute towards enhancement of shelf life.
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Ndiku, Mueni H., Eddy Jara y Joan Sabate. "Formative Research on Acceptability of Pearl Millet in Rural Eastern Kenya – A Pilot Study". Sustainable Agriculture Research 3, n.º 4 (3 de agosto de 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v3n4p1.
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<p class="Style1">This study explored the acceptability of pearl millet grain in rural Eastern Kenya. Ninety seven households accepted to plant pearl millet. These were the 37 who were part of the study and other 60 who were not part of the study. When requested to barter 2 kg pearl millet with maize, 33 (85%) out of 39bartered with maize, 2 (5%) with sorghum, 2 (5%) with chicken and 2 (5%) with money. The average score for skill attainment was 88% with 92.5% mothers readily gaining the skill to prepare and incorporate pearl millet into the daily diet of children. Children liked pearl millet when given with a low of 77.8% and a high of 93.2%. These findings suggest that policies or programs to promote cultivation, bartering, and consumption of pearl millet grain could be well acceptable in rural Eastern Kenya which could add to the nutritional content of local diets.</p>
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Ram, Kalu y RS Meena. "Evaluation of pearl millet and mungbean intercropping systems in arid region of Rajasthan (India)". Bangladesh Journal of Botany 43, n.º 3 (15 de enero de 2015): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21616.
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A field experiment was conducted during kharif season, 2011 to evaluate different row ratio of pearl millet with mungbean in the arid region of Rajasthan. The treatments comprised of sole pearl millet at 45 cm spacing, one sole mungbean and ten pearl millet with mungbean treatments row in different ratio. The intercropping of pearl millet with mungbean in 1 : 7, followed by 2 : 6 and 1: 3 row ratio produced maximum pearl millet equivalent yield (PMEY), land equivalent ratio (LER), aggresivity , net returns,benefit cost (B : C) ratio and also better nutrient uptake by these treatments compared to sole and other intercropping treatments. Aggressivity values showed that inter crop mungbean did not offer any competition to pearl millet in different row ratio, while relative crowding coefficient (RCC) values indicated was a yield disadvantage in mungbean in all the intercropping system except 1: 7 row ratio. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21616 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(3): 367-370, 2014 (December)
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Reddy, K. C., J. van der Ploeg y I. Maga. "Genotype Effects in Millet/Cowpea Intercropping in the Semi-arid Tropics of Niger". Experimental Agriculture 26, n.º 4 (octubre de 1990): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700001319.
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SUMMARYThree pearl millet and three cowpea genotypes were examined in intercropping systems on deep sandy soils in Niger between 1984 and 1987. The intercropped pearl millet genotypes usually produced at least 80% of their sole crop yields when the cowpea was planted two or more weeks after the pearl millet. The early maturing and spreading cowpea genotype contributed most to LER. All cowpea genotypes yielded more when planted in association with dwarf rather than the traditional tall pearl millet genotypes because they received more light.
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Reddy, K. C., J. van der Ploeg y I. Maga. "Genotype Effects in Millet/Cowpea Intercropping in the Semi-arid Tropics of Niger". Experimental Agriculture 26, n.º 4 (octubre de 1990): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700003598.
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SUMMARYThree pearl millet and three cowpea genotypes were examined in intercropping systems on deep sandy soils in Niger between 1984 and 1987. The intercropped pearl millet genotypes usually produced at least 80% of their sole crop yields when the cowpea was planted two or more weeks after the pearl millet. The early maturing and spreading cowpea genotype contributed most to LER. All cowpea genotypes yielded more when planted in association with dwarf rather than the traditional tall pearl millet genotypes because they received more light.
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Birol, Ekin, Dorene Asare-Marfo, Bhushana Karandikar, Devesh Roy y Michael Tedla Diressie. "Investigating demand for biofortified seeds in developing countries". Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 5, n.º 1 (18 de mayo de 2015): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-02-2014-0008.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore farmer acceptance of a biofortified staple food crop in a developing country prior to its commercialization. The paper focuses on the hypothetical introduction of a high-iron pearl millet variety in Maharashtra, India, where pearl millet is among the most important staple crops. Design/methodology/approach – A choice experiment is used to investigate farmer preferences for and trade-offs among various production and consumption attributes of pearl millet. The key pearl millet attributes studied include days it takes pearl millet to mature, color of the roti (flat bread) the grain produces, the presence of high-iron content (nutritional attribute), and the price of the pearl millet seed. Choice data come from 630 pearl millet-producing households from three purposefully selected districts of Maharashtra. A latent class model is used to investigate the heterogeneity in farmers’ preferences for pearl millet attributes and to profile farmers who are more or less likely to choose high-iron varieties of pearl millet. Findings – The results reveal that there are three distinct segments in the sample, and there is significant heterogeneity in farmer preferences across these segments. High-iron pearl millet is valued the most by larger households that produce mainly for household consumption and currently have lower quality diets. Households that mainly produce for market sales, on the other hand, derive lower benefits from consumption characteristics such as color and nutrition. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of the study is that it uses a stated preference choice experiment method, which suffers from hypothetical bias. At the time of implementing this study biofortified high-iron pearl millet varieties were not yet developed, therefore the authors could not have implemented revealed preference elicitation methods with real products and payment. Originality/value – The method used (stated preference choice experiment method) is commonly used to value non-market goods such as environmental goods and products that are not yet in the market. It’s application to agriculture and in developing countries is increasing. As far as the authors know this is the first choice experiment implemented to investigate farmer/consumer preferences for biofortified crops. The study presents valuable information for development and delivery of biofortified crops for reducing micronutrient deficiencies.
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Patel, Shubhi, Anwesha Dey, Anju Yadav y Rakesh Singh. "Harnessing Millets for Climate Resilience and Nutritional Security in India". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, n.º 11 (31 de octubre de 2023): 1942–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113352.
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Millets have been widely recognized as ‘nutricereals’ as they are rich in nutrients. India is the leading producer of millets. These are crops which require low moisture, are short duration and can bear elevated temperatures. It is known that the effects of climate change will have a negative impact on Indian agriculture by reducing yields, deteriorating quality of grain, increase in price, etc. Hence, there is a demanding need to look for solutions that ensure food security, income security as well as nutritional security. This study is an attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of status of millets in India in terms of growth, nutrition and climate resilience. Annual growth trends were calculated for pearl millet, finger millet, sorghum and small millets. The results revealed that the growth rate of area & production for small millets has shown negative trends while the yield has shown positive trend. In decadal analysis the highest negative growth was witnessed in the last decade i.e., 2010-2020. While varied trends were reported for jowar, bajra and ragi individually. Literature review showed that be it pearl millet, finger millet or small millets are used as antidiabetic food option. And are proven to be a solution for food and nutritional security in case of climate change events. It is required that these crops be incentivised by government through proper market linkage and remunerative price.
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Yadav, Chandra Bhan, Rakesh K. Srivastava, Prakash I. Gangashetty, Rama Yadav, Luis A. J. Mur y Rattan S. Yadav. "Metabolite Diversity and Metabolic Genome-Wide Marker Association Studies (Mgwas) for Health Benefiting Nutritional Traits in Pearl Millet Grains". Cells 10, n.º 11 (8 de noviembre de 2021): 3076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10113076.
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As efforts are made to increase food security, millets are gaining increasing importance due to their excellent nutritional credentials. Among the millets, pearl millet is the predominant species possessing several health benefiting nutritional traits in its grain that are helpful in mitigating chronic illnesses such as type−2 diabetes and obesity. In this paper, we conducted metabolomic fingerprinting of 197 pearl millet inbred lines drawn randomly from within the world collection of pearl millet germplasm and report the extent of genetic variation for health benefitting metabolites in these genotypes. Metabolites were extracted from seeds and assessed using flow infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS). Metabolite features (m/z), whose levels significantly differed among the germplasm inbred lines, were identified by ANOVA corrected for FDR and subjected to functional pathway analysis. A number of health-benefiting metabolites linked to dietary starch, antioxidants, vitamins, and lipid metabolism-related compounds were identified. Metabolic genome-wide association analysis (mGWAS) performed using the 396 m/z as phenotypic traits and the 76 K SNP as genotypic variants identified a total of 897 SNPs associated with health benefiting nutritional metabolite at the -log p-value ≤ 4.0. From these associations, 738 probable candidate genes were predicted to have an important role in starch, antioxidants, vitamins, and lipid metabolism. The mGWAS analysis focused on genes involved in starch branching (α-amylase, β-amylase), vitamin-K reductase, UDP-glucuronosyl, and UDP-glucosyl transferase (UGTs), L-ascorbate oxidase, and isoflavone 2′-monooxygenase genes, which are known to be linked to increases in human health benefiting metabolites. We demonstrate how metabolomic, genomic, and statistical approaches can be utilized to pinpoint genetic variations and their functions linked to key nutritional properties in pearl millet, which in turn can be bred into millets and other cereals crops using plant breeding methods.
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KURI, B. R., R. S. YADAV y AMIT KUMAWAT. "Evaluation of pear lmillet (<i>Pennisetum glaucum</i>) and mothbean (<i>Vigna acconitifolia</i>) intercropping systems in hyper arid partially irrigated north-western plains zone". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 82, n.º 11 (8 de noviembre de 2014): 993–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v82i11.24975.
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A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2008 to evaluate different row ratio of pearl millet + mothbean in the arid region of Rajasthan. The treatments comprised three sole pearl millet at 30, 40 and 60 cm spacing, one sole mothbean and eleven pearl millet + mothbean treatments [1:3, 1:7, 2:2, 2:6, 3:1, 3:5, 4:4, 5:3, 6:2, 7:1 and 2:1 (check) row ratio]. The intercropping of pearl millet + mothbean in 1:7 row ratio closely followed by 4:4, 2:6 and 3:5 row ratio, produced maximum pearl millet equivalent yield (PMEY), LER and net returns and also better nutrient uptake by these treatments compared to sole and other intercropping treatments. Aggressivity values showed that intercrop mothbean did not offer any competition to pearl millet in different row ratio, while RCC values indicated that there was a yield disadvantage in mothbean in all the intercropping system except 1:7 row ratio. Competition ratio indicated that row ratios such as 3:1 and 2:1 which offer less space to mothbean (intercrop) that leads to lower yield of intercrop as component crop (pearl millet) offer greater competition for mothbean in these row ratios.
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Sharma, Yash Vardhan, Usha Yadav y Anamika Yadav. "Host Preference and Damage potential of Rice Weevil, (Sitophilus oryzae L.) on Different Stored Millets". Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, n.º 8 (12 de julio de 2024): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i82676.
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The study was carried out at the Department of Entomology, SHUATS, Prayagraj during 2023-2024 to study the host preference and damage potential of rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) on different stored millets. The laboratory experiment was conducted to study host preference and seed damage of rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) on different millets (sorghum, pearl millet, foxtail millet, finger millet, kodo millet). Among different millets, sorghum was found as most preferred host with 30.44 number of weevils after 15 days of release. Maximum and minimum seed damage (%) was recorded on sorghum and foxtail millet after 30 days of release. It was observed that sorghum's high nutritional content, suitable grain structure, optimal moisture levels, and favorable storage conditions make it an ideal environment for rice weevils' development and reproduction.
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JALGAONKAR, Kirti, Manoj MAHAWAR, Sharmila PATİL y Jyoti DHAKANE LAD. "Improving the Nutritional and Functional Properties of Pearl Millet Pasta: A Review". Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 3, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2022): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.46592/turkager.1065108.
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Pasta, generally prepared from durum wheat is extensively consumed worldwide. Apart from being healthy and convenient food, the other outstanding characteristics of pasta include, low glycemic index, low cost, ease of preparation, extended stability during storage with relatively easier preparation. For functional pasta, care must be given to ensure that the added ingredient should enhance the nutritional profile, have minimal impact on pasta quality, palatability and consumer preferences. This review paper presents an overview of the various processing aspects of pearl millet. This comprises recent information about the improvement in the storage period of pearl millet flour (PMF), development of pearl millet pasta and addition of functional ingredients to enhance its nutritional quality. It is observed that the keeping quality of PMF can be enhanced by adopting germination, roasting, fermentation, microwave treatment, hydrothermal treatment, and refrigeration. Development of complete pearl millet pasta is not possible; functional pearl millet-based pasta can be designed using composite flour, the addition of pulses, legumes, fruit and vegetable powder to increase the demand for pearl millet.
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Selim, M. "High forage yield and quality of sudan grass ( Sorghum bicolor L.) and pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) cultivated in calcareous soils". Acta Agronomica Hungarica 56, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2008): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.56.2008.3.14.
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Sudan grass and pearl millet are major warm season dryland crops, primarily grown for grain production and used as a major source of dietary energy. Both crops are highly water use efficient and belong to the C 4 group of species with high photosynthetic efficiency and dry matter accumulation rates. Both sudan grass and pearl millet have good forage quality, with an adequate crude protein content; that of pearl millet (8.7%) is higher than that of sorghum (6.0%). Therefore, the present investigation was conducted in the Western Delta Region at El-Naubaria, 40 km south of Alexandria, over two successive seasons to evaluate the forage yield and quality of sudan grass and pearl millet. Field experiments were established on calcareous soils, with five fertilization treatments. The results indicate that pearl millet surpassed sudan grass in fresh (6.56 t/ha) and dry yield (2.91 t/ha), which was 8.89% and 5.26% more, respectively, than for sudan grass. As regards the forage quality, pearl millet had good digestibility and was lower in fibre than sudan grass.
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Renno, J. F. y T. Winkel. "Phenology and reproductive effort of cultivated and wild forms of Pennisetum glaucum under experimental conditions in the Sahel: implications for the maintenance of polymorphism in the species". Canadian Journal of Botany 74, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 1996): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-119.
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In the Sahel region of Africa, the wild and the cultivated forms of pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br., are sympatric and interfertile and yet have remained distinct for millenia. Reproductive barriers are not sufficient to explain this situation. To elucidate other possible mechanisms, the two forms were compared under experimental conditions in the Sahel for their phenology and reproductive effort. The length of the flowering period of each type was much longer than the average individual flowering period. When the last cultivated plants were finishing flowering, 65% of the wild plants were still flowering and 30% were just starting to flower. Thus, the last group was completely isolated from cultivated pearl millet gene flow (endogamic reproduction). The two forms of pearl millet also differed in the distribution of aboveground biomass among different plant parts, except for the number of seeds per plant. Both phenological behaviour and reproductive effort contribute to the maintenance of distinct forms of wild and cultivated pearl millet. Keywords: Pennisetum glaucum, pearl millet, wild pearl millet, reproductive effort, phenology, endogamy.
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Babli, Babli, Pawan Kumar y R. K. Nanwal. "Canopy temperature, excised leaf water retention, productivity and quality of wheat as affected by various nutrient sources in Pearl millet-wheat cropping system". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2017): 846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1284.
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A field experiment was conducted during the year 2013-14 at Agronomy Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (India). The experiment consisting of twelve treatments was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Grain yield of pearl millet (3012 kg/ha) was recorded highest in T6 (50 % RD-NP + 50 % N through FYM). Yield contributing characters were recorded highest in T6 (50 % RD-NP + 50 % N through FYM in pearl millet and 100 % RD-NP in wheat) in wheat crop. In wheat crop, treatment T6 recorded highest growth characters and yield contributing characters. Similarly, highest grain as well as biological yield was recorded in T6. Highest protein content, protein yield, sedimentation value and hectoliter weight was also recorded in T6. Highest grain yield of both pearl millet and wheat (5582 kg/ha) in pearl millet-wheat cropping system was obtained with the application of 50 % RD-NP + 50 % N through FYM in pearl millet and 100 % RD-NP in wheat while lowest yield of pearl millet (976 kg/ha) and wheat (1190 kg/ha) was recorded in T1 (control).