Artículos de revistas: "PEG 8 000"

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Douer, Dan, Ibrahim Aldoss, Matthew A. Lunning, Laleh Ramezani, Patrick Burke, Lisa Mark, Janice Vrona et al. "Pharmacokinetics-Based Modification of Intravenous Pegylated Asparaginase Dosing in the Context of a “Pediatric-inspired” Protocol in Adults with Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)". Blood 120, n.º 21 (16 de noviembre de 2012): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1495.1495.

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Abstract Abstract 1495 Prolonged Asparaginase (ASP) use is standard in all pediatric ALL regimens. In adults ASP is either not used or given for much shorter duration. Recently, several adult ALL protocols adopted pediatric regimens, with long duration of ASP, mostly E. coli, with better outcomes than historically reported. However, optimal implementation of pediatric regimens to adults, especially ASP dosing, has not been studied, considering its potential higher toxicity. We report the results of an ALL protocol adopted from pediatrics, modified by using the long acting pegaspargase (PEG-ASP) with a pharmacokinetics-based dosing strategy, intended for adults with newly diagnosed ALL. Methods: We adopted the augmented BFM pediatric protocol (Nachman NEJM 1998) replacing the native E. coli ASP with 6 doses of PEG-ASP. Pediatric and most pediatric-inspired adult protocols use 2,500 u/m2 PEG-ASP at 2 week intervals. Based on our PEG-ASP adult PK and PD data (Douer Blood 2007), the dose was reduced to 2,000 u/m2IV, at intervals no shorter than 4 weeks. Other modifications include 1) Each PEG-ASP dose, having a very long activity (2–4 weeks), was synchronized with the time of myelosuppressive drugs so that there anticipated different serious toxicities are less likely to coincide. 2) Replaced escalated MTX dosing plus E.coli ASP with 4 fixed high doses of MTX, timing PEG-ASP to avoid its overlapping long enzymatic activity with MTX activity. 3) hydrocortisone pre-medication and steroids for 7–14 days after each PEG-ASP dose to prevent allergic reactions. The protocol included 8 cycles of multi-agent chemotherapy, 2-year maintenance and IT MTX CNS prophylaxis. PEG-ASP was given intravenously (IV) once on day 15–17 of induction phase I (cycle 1), induction phase II (cycle 2), two cycles of consolidation (# 3 & 6), and two cycles of delayed re-induction (# 5 & 8). Results: Between July 2004 and July 2009, 51 (17 women) adults with newly diagnosed previously untreated ALL were enrolled in 2 USC affiliated hospitals. Patient characteristics include: median age - 33 (range18–57) yrs, precursor B cell - 46, T cell-5, Ph+ 11, and median WBC-14,500 (range 800-512, 000)/dL. Total number of PEG-ASP doses was: all 6 doses - 23 pts, 4 doses- 1 pt., 3– 7 pts. 2–9 pts, 1–11pts. Twenty eight (55%) pts. did not complete 6 PEG-ASP doses due to: allogeneic HSCT −8 pts, refusal −1pt., induction failure – 2pts, death in CR −3 pts., relapse- 4 pts; and PEG-ASP related toxicities: 11 (21%) pts: including pancreatitis −7pts, allergy −3 pts, DVT-1 pt (one pt. had pancreatitis and later transplanted). Among 51 pts PEG-ASP related grade 3/4 toxicities were: anaphylaxis-2 pts.(4%); pancreatitis-7 (14%) pts.; thrombosis-8(16%) (5 catheter-related); transaminitis −33(65%); high bilirubin −22 (43%); hyperglycemia-17(33%); high triglycerides −8(16%); fatigue-4(8%). Table I shows the rates of ASP related toxicities in 173 doses. All toxicities were reversible without any PEG-ASP-related deaths. Outcome data is shown in Table 2. Median follow up – 44 months Neutralizing antibodies measured in 247 serum samples from 34 pts. (33, 11 & 10 pts. after PEG-ASP doses # 1, 4, and 6 respectively) were detected in 1 patient Conclusion: Our rational modification of a pediatric protocol, in adult ALL (age <57 years), is feasible, has very high CR rate (98% by 4 weeks), 58% 7-years DFS, even without HSCT, and in line with reported results of other pediatric-inspired regimens. PEG-ASP toxicities were common but mostly manageable and reversible. Our study suggests the that standard PEG-ASP adult dose can be reduced to 2,000 u/m2 IV at intervals no less than 4 weeks without impairing overall outcome. Steroids may reduce clinical allergies, without masking silent neutralizing antibody formation. The concepts of this study, especially PEG-ASP dosing, could be applied in future ALL protocols. Disclosures: Douer: Sigma Tau: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Avramis:Sigma Tau: Consultancy.

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McNiece, Ian, Roy Jones, Scott I. Bearman, Pablo Cagnoni, Yago Nieto, Wilbur Franklin, John Ryder et al. "Ex vivo expanded peripheral blood progenitor cells provide rapid neutrophil recovery after high-dose chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer". Blood 96, n.º 9 (1 de noviembre de 2000): 3001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.9.3001.

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Abstract Ex vivo expanded peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) have been proposed as a source of hematopoietic support to decrease or eliminate the period of neutropenia after high-dose chemotherapy. CD34 cells were selected from rhG-CSF mobilized PBPCs from patients with breast cancer and were cultured for 10 days in defined media containing 100 ng/mL each of rhSCF, rhG-CSF, and PEG-rhMGDF in 1 L Teflon bags at 20 000 cells/mL. After culture the cells were washed and reinfused on day 0 of transplantation. On day +1, cohort 1 patients (n = 10) also received an unexpanded CD34-selected PBPC product. These patients engrafted neutrophils (absolute neutrophil count, >500/μL) in a median of 6 (range, 5-14) days. Cohort 2 patients (n = 11), who received expanded PBPCs only, engrafted neutrophils in a median of 8 (range, 4-16) days. In comparison, the median time to neutrophil engraftment in a historical control group of patients (n = 100) was 9 days (range, 7-30 days). All surviving patients are now past the 15-month posttransplantation stage with no evidence of late graft failure. The total number of nucleated cells harvested after expansion culture was shown to be the best predictor of time to neutrophil engraftment, with all patients receiving more than 4 × 107 cells/kg, engrafting neutrophils by day 8. No significant effect on platelet recovery was observed in any patient. These data demonstrate that PBPCs expanded under the conditions defined can shorten the time to engraftment of neutrophils compared with historical controls and that the rate of engraftment is related to the dose of expanded cells transplanted.

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McNiece, Ian, Roy Jones, Scott I. Bearman, Pablo Cagnoni, Yago Nieto, Wilbur Franklin, John Ryder et al. "Ex vivo expanded peripheral blood progenitor cells provide rapid neutrophil recovery after high-dose chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer". Blood 96, n.º 9 (1 de noviembre de 2000): 3001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.9.3001.h8003001_3001_3007.

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Ex vivo expanded peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) have been proposed as a source of hematopoietic support to decrease or eliminate the period of neutropenia after high-dose chemotherapy. CD34 cells were selected from rhG-CSF mobilized PBPCs from patients with breast cancer and were cultured for 10 days in defined media containing 100 ng/mL each of rhSCF, rhG-CSF, and PEG-rhMGDF in 1 L Teflon bags at 20 000 cells/mL. After culture the cells were washed and reinfused on day 0 of transplantation. On day +1, cohort 1 patients (n = 10) also received an unexpanded CD34-selected PBPC product. These patients engrafted neutrophils (absolute neutrophil count, >500/μL) in a median of 6 (range, 5-14) days. Cohort 2 patients (n = 11), who received expanded PBPCs only, engrafted neutrophils in a median of 8 (range, 4-16) days. In comparison, the median time to neutrophil engraftment in a historical control group of patients (n = 100) was 9 days (range, 7-30 days). All surviving patients are now past the 15-month posttransplantation stage with no evidence of late graft failure. The total number of nucleated cells harvested after expansion culture was shown to be the best predictor of time to neutrophil engraftment, with all patients receiving more than 4 × 107 cells/kg, engrafting neutrophils by day 8. No significant effect on platelet recovery was observed in any patient. These data demonstrate that PBPCs expanded under the conditions defined can shorten the time to engraftment of neutrophils compared with historical controls and that the rate of engraftment is related to the dose of expanded cells transplanted.

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Auger, Sophie, Philippe Quittet, Marie Cecile Bozonnat, Salahedine Bouya, Tarik Kanouni, Nathalie Fegueux, Patrice Ceballos, Jean-Côme Meniane, Guillaume Cartron y Jean-Francois Rossi. "Febrile Neutropenia, Mucositis and Duration of Hospitalization Are Reduced After Pegfilgrastim Following Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSCT) for Malignant Lymphopathies: Report of 683 PBSCTs From a Single Institution." Blood 114, n.º 22 (20 de noviembre de 2009): 3410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3410.3410.

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Abstract Abstract 3410 Poster Board III-298 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to decrease time to neutrophil recovery following PBSCT. Now, 3 products are available: 2 standard G-CSFs (filgrastim and lenograstim), and pegfilgrastim (PegG-CSF). In order to determine whether a single subcutaneous injection of Peg-G-CSF is as effective as a daily injection of standard G-CSF, in terms of haematological recovery, febrile neutropenic episodes (FN), antibiotic usage, hospitalization duration, mucositis, progressive free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), we retrospectively analyzed series of 558 patients having myeloma and lymphoma who underwent 683 PBSCT between 2000 and 2008 in our institution. Statistical analysis included univariate, Wilcoxon and χ2 fisher tests, logrank test for PFS and OS, and Cox model for multivariate analysis. From January 2000 and April 2005, 359 patients received standard G-CSF (filgrastim or lenograstim) and from May 2005 to December 2008, 298 patients received PegG-CSF. 26 patients did not receive G-CSF for any reasons. 427 PBSCTs have been performed for multiple myeloma (MM) after high dose melphalan, 197 for Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and 59 for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) with BEAM conditioning regimen. 133 patients underwent 2 or 3 PBSCT (130 MM and 3 HL). The mean of CD34 dose infused was 5.2 106 /kg (1.2-26.9) with 96% of the grafts containing more than 2.5 106 CD34/Kg. The median number of days of standard G-CSF given to reach an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥500/ml was 9 days (0-29). Median time to neutrophil engraftment (ANC of 500/ml) was 11 days (5-30) in each group. The platelet recovery (platelet>20 000/mL) was 10 days (0-54) in each group. The platelet and RBC transfusion requirement are stastitically lower in the PegG-CSF than in the standard G-CSF group. As listed on the table, we have analyzed the following parameters for all patients: number of FN and their beginning and duration, number of antibiotic lines, duration of hospitalization, duration of mucositis, and the percentage of grade III and IV mucositis. Median, (range) Peg G-CSF standard G-CSF None G-CSF N 298 359 p 26 FN rate (%) 91.7 96.4 <0.01 96.16 Duration of FN (days) 2 (0-27) 2 (0-18) 0.62 2 (0-13) First day of FN (day) 5 (-3-16) 4 (-5-17) <0.01 4 (0-11) Number of antibiotic lines 1 (1-5) 2 (0-5) <0.01 3 (0-4) Duration of hospitalization (days) 17 (8-62) 19 (8-65) <0.01 24 (18-35) Duration of mucositis (days) 0 (0-75) 6 (0-60) <0.01 7.5 (0-10) Mucositis grade III, IV (%) 17.7 40.28 <0.01 ND The same significantly differences are observed in MM, NHL and HL patients. The use of standard G-CSF or PegG-CSF did not modify OS at 1 and 5 years for both NHL and HL patients. In MM population PFS was unmodified but OS appeared better in the PegG-CSF group compared to standard G-CSF: respectively 1 y OS at 1 year, 96% versus 92%, OS at 5 years: 79% versus 53% (p= 0.034). Such a difference could be explained by the early use of bortezomib regimen for induction therapy before PBSCT more frequently in PegG-CSF group and this feature has been analyzed. Among patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation the use of Peg G-CSF seems to show an advantage in terms of duration of hospitalization and reduce the percentage of grade III, IV mucositis and the number of febrile neutropenic episodes. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Wood, C. M., K. M. Gilmour, S. F. Perry, P. Part y P. J. Walsh. "Pulsatile urea excretion in gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta): evidence for activation of a specific facilitated diffusion transport system." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, n.º 6 (15 de marzo de 1998): 805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.6.805.

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When toadfish are made ureotelic by a crowding/confinement protocol, they excrete approximately 90 % of their urea nitrogen (urea-N) production in large, irregular pulses (1-2 pulses per day) from the gill region. We investigated three hypotheses as to the mechanism of pulsatile excretion: (i) the presence of an active reabsorptive 'back-transport' mechanism that is periodically inhibited to allow urea-N excretion to occur; (ii) the periodic occurrence of a generalized, non-specific increase in gill permeability; and (iii) the presence of a specific facilitated diffusion transport system that is periodically activated. Exposure of toadfish during non-pulse periods to treatments designed to block a 'back-transport' mechanism (Na+-free sea water or the urea analogues 30 mmol l-1 thiourea or 30 mmol l-1 acetamide in the external water) did not stimulate a leakage of urea-N, thereby opposing the first hypothesis. The second hypothesis was opposed by several results. Neither injection of the potent branchial vasodilator L-isoprenaline (10(-5) mol l-1) nor infusion of NH4Cl, the latter at levels known to stimulate urea-N efflux in perfused gills, had any effect on urea-N excretion. Furthermore, during natural pulse events, when the normally very low gill permeability to urea (3x10(-7) cm s-1) increased at least 35-fold, there was no accompanying increase in permeability to either 3H2O (1.5x10(-5) cm s-1) or the paracellular marker [14C]PEG-4000 (10(-8) cm s-1). However [14C]thiourea permeability (1.5x10(-7) cm s-1) increased approximately fivefold, in support of the third hypothesis. Furthermore, when 30 mmol l-1 urea was placed in the external water, a concentration (60 000 micromol-N l-1) approximately three times that of blood (20 000 micromol-N l-1), each efflux pulse event (measured with [14C]urea) was accompanied by a net uptake, such that blood urea-N levels rose rather than fell. A proportional 1:1 relationship between influx per unit external concentration and efflux per unit internal (i.e. plasma) concentration indicated a fully bidirectional transport system. The simultaneous presence of 60 mmol l-1 thiourea in the external water inhibited the influx component by 73 %, further supporting this conclusion. These data, together with recent molecular, morphological and endocrinological evidence, strongly suggest that pulsatile urea-N excretion is caused by the periodic activation of a facilitated urea transporter in the gills, similar to the vasopressin-regulated urea transporter in the mammalian kidney.

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Goekbuget, Nicola, Joachim Beck, Monika Brueggemann, Thomas Burmeister, Eike C. Buss, Norbert Frickhofen, Andreas Huettmann et al. "Moderate Intensive Chemotherapy Including CNS-Prophylaxis with Liposomal Cytarabine Is Feasible and effective in Older Patients with Ph-Negative Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Results of a Prospective Trial From the German Multicenter Study Group for Adult ALL (GMALL)". Blood 120, n.º 21 (16 de noviembre de 2012): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1493.1493.

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Abstract Abstract 1493 Few older ALL pts are entered into prospective trials and data on characteristics and outcome are scarce. The GMALL started a prospective trial in older ALL (>55 yrs) in 2003. In Ph-neg ALL a prephase (Dexa, Cyclo, MTX i.th.) was followed by induction I (Dexa, VCR, Idarubicin), induction II (Cyclo, AraC), alternating consolidation with IDMTX (d 1,15) ×3, VM26/AraC ×2, reinduction (VCR, Ida, Cyclo, AraC) and maintenance (MP, MTX) up to 2 yrs. In CD20+ ALL Rituximab ×8 was added. CNS-prophylaxis consisted of i.th. triple combination (MTX, AraC, Dexa) ×4 during induction, ×8 during consolidation/maintenance. The original protocol (group 1) was amended to optimize CNS prophylaxis and consolidation (group 2). I.th. therapy was then performed with liposomal cytarabine, 3x during induction, 3x during consolidation. IDMTX dose was increased from 500 to 1000 mg/m2 and native E.coli ASP (10.000 U/m2) was added on d2 and d16 of IDMTX. VM26/AraC was replaced by IDAraC (1000 mg/m2 d1,3,5). In a further amendment the original i.th. prophylaxis was reinserted until final analysis of liposomal AraC became available. Furthermore, after induction, one cycle with pegylated ASP (500 U/m2) (PEG-ASP) was scheduled to evaluate feasibility in older pts (group 3). Results of induction were compared for groups 1–3; outcome analysis was restricted to 1–2 due to still short follow-up for group 3. 268 pts with a median age of 67 (55–85) yrs treated in 94 hospitals were evaluable (180, 43 and 45 pts in groups 1, 2 and 3 resp.). 39% were aged 55–65 yrs, 51% 66–75 yrs and 10% above 75 yrs. 67% had c/pre-B-ALL, 18% pro-B-ALL and 15% T-ALL. WBC was >30/nL in 27%. Poor ECOG status (≥2) before (ECOGb) or after (ECOGa) onset of ALL was described in 7% or 38% resp. 78% had any comorbidity and 9% had a Charlson score (ChS) ≥3. No significant differences were detected between groups 1–3. Overall 76% (N=203) achieved CR after induction, 14% experienced early death (ED) and 10% did not achieve CR. In groups 1–3 CR rates were 72%, 86% and 82% resp. and ED rates 18%, 0% and 11% resp. (p=.03). CR rates were 84%, 74% and 52% in three age groups (p=.002) with ED rates of 7%, 14% and 37% resp. (p=.0004). Immunophenotype and WBC (<> 30.000) correlated with CR but not ED rate. ECOGb 0–1 vs ≥2 correlated with CR (82% vs 33%;p<.0001) and ED (7% vs 53%;p<.0001). Also ECOGa correlated with CR (85% vs 67%;p=.003) and ED (6% vs 19%;p=.003). CR and ED rates were not influenced by comorbidity itself but by ChS < vs ≥3: CR (78% vs 59%;p=.003) and ED (11% vs 33%;p=.0007). Multivariate analysis confirmed ECOGb, WBC and age for CR rate, and ECOGb, age and ChS for ED. Overall survival (OS) at 5 yrs was 23%; 33% at 2 yrs for group 1 and 52% for group 2 resp. (p=.01). Mortality in CR was 6% and 15% of the pts were withdrawn in CR. Probability of continuous complete remission (CCR) was 32% at 5 yrs, 42% and 43% at 2 yrs for group 1 and group 2 resp. (p=>.05). Age (42% vs 37% vs 8%;p=.0007), WBC (43% vs 15%;p<.0006), ECOGb (40% vs 14%;p=.0008) and ECOGa (42% vs 30%;p=.0023) were correlated with OS in contrast to comorbidity and ChS. Age, treatment group, WBC, ECOGb and ECOGa were confirmed in multivariate analysis. Pts younger than 75 yrs with ECOGb below 2 had an 86% CR rate with 10% ED and 36% OS at 3 yrs. WBC and MRD were significant prognostic factors for CCR. MRD results after consolidation I were available in 33 pts. CCR was 11% in molecular failure vs 68% in molecular CR. Preliminary results confirmed feasibility of PEG-ASP. With this age adapted regimen a favorable CR rate was achieved in a large patient group with a median age of 67 yrs. CR was increased (86%) and mortality was decreased (0%) significantly with liposomal cytarabine compared to triple i.th. prophylaxis during induction, since the latter probably induced more bone marrow toxicity. Reduced ED contributed considerably to improved OS. Moderate intensive consolidation was feasible and ASP, including PEG-ASP, was well tolerated. Age was correlated with outcome and 75 yrs appears to be the upper limit for this regimen. General condition was an additional highly relevant prognostic factor whereas comorbidity, measured by Charlson score was associated with ED but not with OS. These results encourage further treatment optimisation in older ALL pts, including those with comorbidities, based on comprehensive diagnostics, geriatric assessment, MRD evaluation, intensified consolidation, use of ASP, dose-reduced stem cell transplantation and integration of new, targeted drugs. Disclosures: Goekbuget: Medac: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Genzyme: Research Funding; Mundipharma: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Glaxo: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Micromet/AMGEN: Consultancy; Sigma Tau: Consultancy. Off Label Use: Liposomal cytarabine in prophylaxsis of CNS relapse in ALL.

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Hamurcu, Zuhal, Nazmi Saritas, Gulden Baskol y Nese Akpinar. "Effect of Wrestling Exercise on Oxidative DNA Damage, Nitric Oxide Level and Paraoxonase Activity in Adolescent Boys". Pediatric Exercise Science 22, n.º 1 (febrero de 2010): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.22.1.60.

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The objective of the current study is to determine the effects of regular wrestling exercise oxidative DNA damage and antioxidant parameters. The findings of the current study have shown that 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) obtained from wrestlers in basal status were significantly lower than those of sedentary (p = .001). In contrast, Nitric oxide (NO) and Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) were remarkably higher in wrestlers in basal status than those of sedentary (respectively, p = .001, p = .024). While the NO of wrestlers increased immediately after a 1.5-h exercise compared with those before exercise (p = .002), no differences was found between before and immediately after a 1.5-h exercise in 8-OHdG and PON1 (respectively, p = .777, p = .408).Statistically significant correlations were found between the NO and PON1 in the wrestlers in basal status (r = .671, p = .002). In conclusion, our study suggests that wrestling exercise for a healthy life is important in that it reduces DNA damage as well as enhancing antioxidant parameters.

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Gilreath, Jeffrey A., Tsewang Tashi, Soo Jin Kim, Kimberly Hickman y Josef T. Prchal. "Compassionate Use of Ropeginterferon-Alfa-2b/P1101 for Treatment of High Risk Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocythemia Patients Previously Controlled on Pegylated Interferon-Alfa-2a/Pegasys®". Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 de noviembre de 2018): 5459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116852.

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Abstract Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) associated with morbidity and mortality resulting from thrombosis or transformation to myelofibrosis and/or secondary acute leukemia. The acquired somatic mutation JAK2V617Fhas been observed in 98% of PV patients, and around 50% of ET patients. Interferon is known to be an effective treatment for chronic MPNs, but unlike hydroxyurea (HU, Hydrea®), it has been shown to target the malignant clone by decreasing JAK2V617Fallelic burden, and in some patients restoring polyclonal hematopoiesis. (Liu et al, Blood. 2003;101:3294-3301). The covalent binding of polyethylene glycol to the interferon molecule, through pegylation, prolongs the half-life by lowering the clearance of interferon, thereby extending the duration of its therapeutic effects, permitting less frequent administration and fewer side-effects. Currently, there are two commercially available pegylated interferons in the U.S., peginterferon alfa-2b (PEG-Intron®, Merck) and peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys®, PEG, Roche), both with heterogeneous pegylation with multiple pegylation sites. Ropeginterferon-alfa 2b/P1101 (ROPEG) is a novel longer acting mono-pegylated recombinant proline-interferon alfa-2b which has shown good efficacy in PV and has successfully completed a phase III trial in PV patients comparing it against HU (PROUD-PV study) in Europe (ASH2016 Abstract;Blood. 2016;128:475). Earlier, we had enrolled 53 high risk PV and ET patients to the Myeloproliferative Disorders Research Consortium (MPD-RC) trials #111 (refractory to HU) and #112 (randomized to HU vs PEG)(www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01259856 and NCT01259817). After the completion of these trials, PEG was no longer supplied by the study and not adequately covered by insurance for many of our patients. Therefore, ROPEG was procured under an FDA-approved expanded access program and used as a substitute for those controlled on PEG, and these patients are being transitioned from PEG to ROPEG according to the dosing strategy shown in Table 1. Seven patients have been switched onto ROPEG as of writing this abstract (Table 2). After a mean follow-up of roughly 8 weeks (range: 2 - 10 weeks), all have maintained response to therapy and none have had a thrombotic event or new or increased interferon-related side effects thus far. Patient 002 experienced elevated AST/ALT while on PEG, which normalized after four q2 week doses of ROPEG (8 weeks of therapy). Patients 003 and 004 who had persistent fatigue on PEG, saw significant improvement of their symptoms after switching to ROPEG. In patient 005 who has ET, bone marrow cytogenetics at entry to PEG had a paracentric inversion of the long arm of chromosome 3, namely 3q21.3q26.2 (RPN1/MECOM, inv3; diagnostic of AML per WHO criteria), in 16/20 (80%) metaphases. Over the 4 ensuing years while on PEG, this cytogenetic abnormality progressively decreased. FISH assay was set up 2 years ago wherein 86/200 cells (46%) were positive with lowest achieved level of 36/200 cells (18%) without any evidence of emerging AML. Upon transition to ROPEG (2 fortnightly injections of 50 mcg), this response was maintained (23/200 cells scored (11.5%). Of the 3 patients who were JAK2V617Fpositive, one patient (patient 003) showed a decrease in the JAK2V617Fallelic burden (37% to 18%) after two months of ROPEG despite decreasing the dose to 50 mcg (from 100 mcg) 2 weeks after the first injection, while the other two patients had no statistically significant change in their JAK2V617Fallelic burden. Clonality will be followed in female subjects to see if clonal hematopoiesis is suppressed and normalizes with long-term administration of ROPEG. Our early experience suggests ROPEG is a safe and effective alternative to PEG permitting less frequent administration for patients with high risk PV and ET. Notable observations include normalization of hepatic transaminases previously induced by PEG, maintenance or even suppression of one highly deleterious cytogenetic abnormality, maintenance of ET & PV remission, and amelioration of interferon side-effects with lower equivalent doses. In the future, we intend to increase the pool of patients by designing a protocol for newly diagnosed high risk ET and PV with randomization to HU versus ROPEG. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Bender, Matthew T., Robert W. Young, David A. Zarrin, Jessica K. Campos, Justin M. Caplan, Judy Huang, Rafael J. Tamargo, Li-Mei Lin, Geoffrey P. Colby y Alexander L. Coon. "Twisting: Incidence and Risk Factors of an Intraprocedural Challenge Associated With Pipeline Flow Diversion of Cerebral Aneurysms". Neurosurgery 88, n.º 1 (13 de julio de 2020): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyaa309.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Pipeline Embolization Device (PED; Medtronic) “twisting” manifests with the appearance of a “figure 8” in perpendicular planes on digital subtraction angiography. This phenomenon has received little attention in the literature, requires technical precision to remediate, and has potential to cause ischemic stroke if not properly remediated. OBJECTIVE To report incidence, risk factors, and sequelae of PED twisting and to discuss techniques to remediate a PED twist. METHODS Case images were reviewed for instances of twisting from a prospectively-maintained, Institutional Review Board-approved cohort of patients undergoing flow diversion for cerebral aneurysm. RESULTS From August 2011 to December 2017, 999 PED flow diverting stents were attempted in 782 cases for 653 patients. A total of 25 PED twists were observed while treating 20 patients (2.50%, 25/999). Multivariate analysis revealed predictors of twisting to be: Large and giant aneurysms (odds ratio (OR) = 9.66, P = .005; OR = 27.47, P < .001), increased PED length (OR = 1.14, P < .001), and advanced patient age (OR = 1.07, P = .002). Twisted PEDs were able to be remediated 75% of the time, and procedural success was achieved in 90% of cases. PED twisting was not found to be a significant cause of major or minor complications. However, at long-term follow-up, there was a trend towards poor occlusion outcomes for the cases that encountered twisting. CONCLUSION Twisting is a rare event during PED deployment that was more likely to occur while treating large aneurysms with long devices in older patients. While twisting did not lead to major complications in this study, remediation can be challenging and may be associated with inferior occlusion outcomes.

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Martino, Rosemary. "When to PEG?" Dysphagia 17, n.º 3 (julio de 2002): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-002-0061-8.

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Gökbuget, Nicola, Joachim Beck, Kalina Brandt, Monika Brüggemann, Thomas Burmeister, Helmut Diedrich, Christoph Faul et al. "Significant Improvement Of Outcome In Adolescents and Young adults (AYAs) Aged 15-35 Years With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) With a Pediatric Derived Adult ALL Protocol; Results Of 1529 AYAs In 2 Consecutive Trials Of The German Multicenter Study Group For Adult ALL (GMALL)". Blood 122, n.º 21 (15 de noviembre de 2013): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.839.839.

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Abstract Several groups have reported results from smaller series of AYAs with ALL. Outcomes with so-called protocols for adults were generally inferior compared to so-called pediatric protocols. The GMALL protocols were originally based on pediatric BFM protocols and have been consecutively optimized for adults since 1981. We report the results of two recent protocols 05/93 (Goekbuget et al, Blood 98(11):802a, 2001) and 07/03 (Goekbuget et al, Blood 110(11):12a, 2007). In study 07 high risk (HR) pts were identified by one of the factors: B-lin with WBC>30.000, late CR (>3 wks), pro-B, early T, mature T, MLL1/AF4/t(4;11). Pts without risk factors were standard risk (SR) and those with BCR-ABL/t(9;22) very high risk (VHR). HR/VHR pts were candidates for SCT in CR1. The major innovations in study 07 were: intensified, shortened induction with dexamethasone instead of prednisone, PEG-asparaginase (ASP) instead of native ASP, intensified first consolidation, 6x HDMTX/ASP during consolidation, matched unrelated SCT for HR/VHR pts without sibling donor and SCT indication in pts with persistent MRD. After amendments in trial 07 pts partly also received intensified PEG-ASP, rituximab in CD20+ ALL and imatinib in Ph+ ALL. Overall, 1529 of 3060 (50%) pts recruited into both trials were aged between 15-35 yrs. 642 pts from 94 centres were recruited to study 05 and 887 pts from 130 centres to study 07. Patient characteristics were similar for both trials. 70% had B-Lin and 30% T-ALL (61% c/preB, 9% proB, 7% early T, 6% mature T, 17% thy T) with no significant differences across age subgroups (15-17,18-25 and 26-35 yrs). Allocation to SR, HR and VHR was 51%, 35% and 14%. VHR incidence increased from 3%, 11% to 19% in age groups (p<.0001). The CR rate increased in studies 05 to 07 from 88% to 91% (p=.001), most prominently within the age range of 26-35 yrs (86% to 90%;p=.001) (table). The OS increased from 46% to 65% (p<.0001) (significant in all age groups). Remission duration (RD) at 5 yrs increased from 49% to 61% (p=.0001), most prominently within the age range of 26-35 yrs (46% vs 59%; p=.005). OS improved from study 05 to study 07 in B-Lin (45% vs 66%; p<.0001) and T-ALL (47% vs 63%; p=.0007) overall and in subgroups as c/pre B (50% vs 68%;p<.0001), pro B (45% vs 67%;p=.05), mature T (19% vs 61%; p=.005) and thymic T (59% vs 70%;p=.09) but to a lesser extent in early T (35% vs 48%;p>.05). OS increased in SR (58% to 74%; p<.0001), HR (24% to 58%; p<.0001) and VHR (36% vs 55%;p=.0003).Table 1Results of Induction and Overall Outcome in GMALL-Studies 05/93 and 07/0305/9307/03Total15-1718-2526-35Total15-1718-2526-35Evaluable64210625238488753458376CR88%91%88%86%91%94%91%90%ED3%1%3%3%4%0%3%6%Failure9%8%8%11%5%6%5%4%RD at 5y49%52%50%46%61%60%62%59%OS at 5y46%57%45%42%65%73%69%60% 15% vs 43% of all CR pts underwent SCT in CR1 in studies 05 and 07. The proportion of SCT increased from 22% to 68% (p<.0001) in HR and from 62% to 73% (p<.0001) in VHR in studies 05 vs 07. The OS after SCT improved from 36% to 68% (p<.0001), mainly due to a decrease of TRM from 34% to 12% (p<.0001). In trial 07 MRD in week 16 (after consolidation I) was tested in 353 pts. The proportion of molecular failure (MRD>0.01%) was 26% with no differences across age groups. OS was 90% in pts with mol. CR vs 53% in mol. failure (p<.0001). Amendments in study 07 led to further improvement with an OS of 71% in 274 pts aged between 15-35 yrs treated according to the final protocol version. We present here results of the so far largest cohort of AYA ALL pts treated according to pediatric-derived adult ALL protocols. Outcomes have significantly improved and reached a 73% OS in pts aged 15-17 yrs. Intensified treatment with ASP, MTX and targeted therapies as rituximab and imatinib and MRD based stratification have contributed to the improvement in study 07. SCT led to improved OS in HR and VHR ALL. Obviously, there is no indication for SCT in CR1 in young SR pts with an OS of 74%. Future GMALL studies will attempt to optimize further the combination of pediatric approaches and targeted therapies in adults. Supported by Deutsche Krebshilfe 70-2657-Ho2 and partly BMBF 01GI 9971. Disclosures: Off Label Use: RItuximab in ALL.

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12

Harker, Laurence A., Lorin K. Roskos, Ulla M. Marzec, Richard A. Carter, Judith K. Cherry, Birgitta Sundell, Ellen N. Cheung, Dixon Terry y William Sheridan. "Effects of megakaryocyte growth and development factor on platelet production, platelet life span, and platelet function in healthy human volunteers". Blood 95, n.º 8 (15 de abril de 2000): 2514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.8.2514.

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Abstract The effects of thrombopoietic stimulation on megakaryocytopoiesis, platelet production, and platelet viability and function were examined in normal volunteers randomized to receive single bolus subcutaneous injections of 3 μg/kg pegylated recombinant megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHuMGDF) or placebo in a 3:1 ratio. PEG-rHuMGDF transiently doubled circulating platelet counts, from 237 ± 41 × 103/μL to 522 ± 90 × 103/μL (P< .0001), peaking on day 12. Baseline and day-12 samples showed no differences in responsiveness of platelets to adenosine diphosphate or thrombin receptor agonist peptide (P > .4 in all cases); expression of platelet ligand-induced binding sites or annexin V binding sites (P > .6 in both cases); or density of platelet TPO-receptors (P > .5). Platelet counts normalized by day 28. The life span of autologous 111In-labeled platelets increased from 205 ± 18 hours (baseline) to 226 ± 22 hours (P < .01) on day 8. Platelet life span decreased from 226 ± 22 hours (day 8) to 178 ± 53 hours (P < .05) on day 18. The theoretical basis for senescent changes in mean platelet life span was illustrated by biomathematical modeling. Platelet turnover increased from 43.9 ± 11.9 × 103 platelets/μL/d (baseline) to 101 ± 27.6 × 103 platelets/μL/d (P = .0009), and marrow megakaryocyte mass expanded from 37.4 ± 18.5 fL/kg to 62 ± 17 × 1010 fL/kg (P = .015). Although PEG-rHuMGDF initially increased megakaryocyte volume and ploidy, subsequently ploidy showed a transient reciprocal decrease when the platelet counts exceeded placebo values. In healthy human volunteers PEG-rHuMGDF transiently increases megakaryocytopoiesis 2-fold. Additionally, peripheral platelets expand correspondingly and exhibit normal function and viability during the ensuing 10 days. The induced perturbation in steady state thrombopoiesis resolves by 4 weeks.

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13

Harker, Laurence A., Lorin K. Roskos, Ulla M. Marzec, Richard A. Carter, Judith K. Cherry, Birgitta Sundell, Ellen N. Cheung, Dixon Terry y William Sheridan. "Effects of megakaryocyte growth and development factor on platelet production, platelet life span, and platelet function in healthy human volunteers". Blood 95, n.º 8 (15 de abril de 2000): 2514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.8.2514.008k25_2514_2522.

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The effects of thrombopoietic stimulation on megakaryocytopoiesis, platelet production, and platelet viability and function were examined in normal volunteers randomized to receive single bolus subcutaneous injections of 3 μg/kg pegylated recombinant megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHuMGDF) or placebo in a 3:1 ratio. PEG-rHuMGDF transiently doubled circulating platelet counts, from 237 ± 41 × 103/μL to 522 ± 90 × 103/μL (P< .0001), peaking on day 12. Baseline and day-12 samples showed no differences in responsiveness of platelets to adenosine diphosphate or thrombin receptor agonist peptide (P > .4 in all cases); expression of platelet ligand-induced binding sites or annexin V binding sites (P > .6 in both cases); or density of platelet TPO-receptors (P > .5). Platelet counts normalized by day 28. The life span of autologous 111In-labeled platelets increased from 205 ± 18 hours (baseline) to 226 ± 22 hours (P < .01) on day 8. Platelet life span decreased from 226 ± 22 hours (day 8) to 178 ± 53 hours (P < .05) on day 18. The theoretical basis for senescent changes in mean platelet life span was illustrated by biomathematical modeling. Platelet turnover increased from 43.9 ± 11.9 × 103 platelets/μL/d (baseline) to 101 ± 27.6 × 103 platelets/μL/d (P = .0009), and marrow megakaryocyte mass expanded from 37.4 ± 18.5 fL/kg to 62 ± 17 × 1010 fL/kg (P = .015). Although PEG-rHuMGDF initially increased megakaryocyte volume and ploidy, subsequently ploidy showed a transient reciprocal decrease when the platelet counts exceeded placebo values. In healthy human volunteers PEG-rHuMGDF transiently increases megakaryocytopoiesis 2-fold. Additionally, peripheral platelets expand correspondingly and exhibit normal function and viability during the ensuing 10 days. The induced perturbation in steady state thrombopoiesis resolves by 4 weeks.

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14

Schroeder-Reiter, Elizabeth, Andreas Houben, Jürke Grau y Gerhard Wanner. "Characterization of a peg-like terminal NOR structure with light microscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy". Chromosoma 115, n.º 1 (3 de noviembre de 2005): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00412-005-0030-8.

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15

Temfemo, Abdou, Thierry Lelard, Christopher Carling, Samuel Honoré Mandengue, Mehdi Chlif y Said Ahmaidi. "Feasibility and Reliability of a Repeated Sprint Test in Children Age 6 to 8 Years". Pediatric Exercise Science 23, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2011): 549–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.23.4.549.

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This study investigated the feasibility and reliability of a 12 × 25-m repeated sprint test with sprints starting every 25-s in children aged 6–8 years (36 boys, 41 girls). In all subjects, total sprint time (TST) demonstrated high test-retest reliability (ICC: r = .98; CV: 0.7% (95% CI: 0.6–0.9)). While sprint time varied over the 12 sprints in all subjects (p < .001) with a significant increase in time for the third effort onwards compared with the first sprint (p < .001), there was no difference in performance between genders. In all subjects, TST decreased with age (p < .001) and was accompanied by an increase in estimated anaerobic power (p < .001) but also in sprint time decrement percentage (p < .001). Gender did not effect these changes. The present study demonstrates the practicability and reliability of a repeated sprint test with respect to age and gender in young children.

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16

Lynch, Kyle R., Michael Fredericson, Bruna Turi-Lynch, Ricardo R. Agostinete, Igor H. Ito, Rafael Luiz-de-Marco, Mario A. Rodrigues-Junior y Rômulo A. Fernandes. "Sports Participation Decreases the Incidence of Traumatic, Nonsports-Related Fractures Among Adolescents". Pediatric Exercise Science 31, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2019): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2018-0053.

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Objectives: To investigate the effects of different sports on the incidence of traumatic fractures (TF; sport-related fractures and those occurring in daily activities) among adolescents during the 9-month follow-up period. Methods: The adolescents were contacted in 11 different locations (3 public/private schools and 8 sports clubs), and the final sample was divided into 3 groups: control (n = 121), swimming (n = 51), and impact sports (n = 142). The incidence of TF was calculated by considering the exposure to sports (TF/1000 h). Results: In the overall sample, the incidence of TF was 1.29 TF/1000 hours of sports exposure, while the incidence of sport-related TF was 0.39 TF/1000 hours of sports exposure. Adolescents engaged in sports (P = .004), independently of type (P = .001), for 3 or more days per week (P = .004) and more than 60 minutes per day (P = .001) had lower incidence of TF. Adolescents engaged in more than 300 minutes per week of sport (0.17 TF/1000 h) had lower incidence than those who did not (2.06 TF/1000 h [P = .001]). A similar finding was observed for sport-related TF (≥300 min/wk: 0.08 TF/1000 h vs 300 min/wk: 0.615 TF/1000 h [P = .02]). Conclusion: Adolescents engaged in sports showed a lower incidence of TF than nonengaged adolescents.

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17

Kim, Chang-Hyeon, Dong-Won Kim y Kuk Young Cho. "The influence of PEG molecular weight on the structural changes of corn starch in a starch/PEG blend". Polymer Bulletin 63, n.º 1 (27 de marzo de 2009): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-009-0065-8.

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18

Banu, Nazifa, Hitoshi Hara, Shinkuro Kataoka, Genshi Egusa y Michio Yamakido. "A Novel Method for Concentrating Urinary Type IV Collagen Based on Precipitation with Polyethylene Glycol: Application to Its Measurement by Enzyme Immunoassay". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 31, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1994): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329403100511.

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We investigated the efficacy of polyethylene glycol (PEG) for effective and reproducible concentration of urinary type IV collagen prior to measurement by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Human placental type IV collagen at low concentrations (5 and 10μg/L) and urinary type IV collagen were readily precipitated by PEG-4000 added at a concentration of about 150 g/L in the presence of 0·5 g/L γ-globulin. Type IV collagen measurement by EIA from PEG-concentrated urine samples showed complete recovery and good reproducibility. Analysis of size distribution by Sephacryl S-300HR gel chromatography and Western blotting following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed that type IV collagen in PEG-concentrated urine samples was of high molecular weight comparable to that of human placental type IV collagen. After PEG concentration, type IV collagen was detectable by EIA even in the urine of healthy subjects. Significantly higher concentrations of urinary type IV collagen were found in 30 diabetic patients with nephropathy than in 20 healthy subjects [99·5 (8·9)μg/L, mean (SEM) versus 21·4 (2·6)μg/L, P<0·0001]. Thus, urinary type IV collagen can be measured effectively by EIA following concentration with PEG. This method has potential for the assessment of the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

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19

Goekbuget, Nicola, Karl-Heinz Baur, Joachim Beck, Helmut Diedrich, Monika Lamprecht, Lothar Leimer, Thomas Lipp et al. "Dexamethasone Dose and Schedule Significantly Influences Remission Rate and Toxicity of Induction Therapy in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Results of the GMALL Pilot Trial 06/99." Blood 106, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2005): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1832.1832.

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Abstract In 1999 the German Multicenter Study Group for Adult ALL (GMALL) activated a pilot study (GMALL 06/99). One major aim was to develop a new, shortened and intensified induction regimen based on the following new principles compared to previous GMALL trials: 1) Dexamethasone (DEXA) instead of prednisone to improve antileukemic activity and prophylaxis of CNS relapse 2) prephase with cyclophosphamide (CYCLO) 3) G-CSF parallel to chemo 4) intensified daunorubicin with two 2day cycles (DNR) vs 4 wkly applications 5)1 dose PEG-L-Asparaginase (ASP) instead of 14 d conventional ASP Induction I was followed by GMALL induction phase II as previously reported and a uniform consolidation I. Remission control took place on d24 and d44. Thereafter treatment was risk adapted. Induction I consisted of DEXA, CYCLO and G-CSF. In addition pts received PEG-ASP 1000 U/m2 (d13), vincristin 2 mg (d4,11,18) and DNR 45 mg/m2 (d4+5,11+12). The regimen was modified by 3 amendments which separated the study to 4 pilot phases. The major modifications referred to reduction of DEXA/CYCLO and earlier application of G-CSF. Table 1: Major modifications of induction phase I Drug Pilot 1 Pilot 2 Pilot 3 DEXA 40 mg/m2 (d1–3) 10 mg/m2 (d4–17) 10 mg/m2 (d 1–6,11–16) 10 mg/m2 (d 1–5,11–14) CYCLO 200 mg/m2 (d1–3) none none G-CSF from d13 from d4 from d4 Overall 843 pts were included between 4/99 and 10/03. The median age was 36 (15–65) yrs. Subtypes distribution was c-/pre B 65%, pro B 8%, early T 8%, thymic 14%, mature T 6%. 23% had Ph/BCR-ABL+ ALL. The overall CR rate was 83%, with 12% failure/PR and 7% early death (ED). Significant differences were detected for the pilot phases (p=.0008). The high mortality in pilot I was mainly due to infections. With lower doses of DEXA the rate of ED (p=.0002) and severe infections decreased significantly whereas the failure rate increased slightly. The earlier application of G-CSF contributed to a significant decrease of grade III/IV granulocytopenias and probably also mucositis. Table 2: Results and major toxicities (grade III/IV) of induction therapy Pilot 1 Pilot 2 Pilot3 P Evaluable 103 100 605 CR 76% 83% 82% .0008 PR/Failure 9% 9% 14% ED 16% 8% 5% Survival (3y) 45% 47% 47% >.05 Granulopenia 84% 72% 69% .008 Median duration 17d 15d 12d <.0001 Infections 30% 33% 14% <.0001 Mucositis 23% 14% 6% <.0001 We conclude that dose and schedule of DEXA in induction of ALL has a significant effect on rate of infections and ED. A dose reduced schedule with interruption to allow for early detection of infections led to a favourable CR rate of 82% with ED of 5% after only 6 wks of induction therapy. The parallel application of chemo and G-CSF rendered the regimen more feasible and contributed to the lower rate of infections and mucositis. The optimised regimen which includes again prephase with CYCLO is now used as induction therapy of the ongoing GMALL study 07/2003. Interim results confirmed the high antileukemic activity with CR rates of 89% and the feasibility with 4% ED. Beside the optimised induction the use of Imatinib in Ph+ ALL parallel to induction contributed to the improvement. Further progress is now attempted by additional use of rituximab in CD20 positive pts.

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Ernita, Ernita y Fitri Mairizki. "PENGGUNAAN POLIETILEN GLIKOL SEBAGAI TEKNIK INVIGORASI UNTUK MEMPERBAIKI VIABILITAS, VIGOR, DAN PRODUKSI BENIH KEDELAI". Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 16, n.º 1 (30 de agosto de 2019): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/jip.v16i1.2140.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi dan lama perendaman polietilen glikol (PEG) secara interaksi maupun masing-masing faktor utama terhadap viabilitas, vigor dan produksi benih kedelai. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Islam Riau, Desember 2015 sampai April 2016. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial 4 x 4 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi PEG terdiri atas 4 taraf : 0,0; 2,5; 5,0 dan 7,5%. Faktor kedua adalah lama perendaman juga terdiri atas 4 taraf : 2; 4; 6 dan 8 jam. Parameter yang diamati yaitu daya kecambah, kecepatan tumbuh, indeks vigor, panjang plumule, panjang akar, jumlah polong berisi penuh dan bobot biji kering per tanaman. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan analisis ragam dan bila berpengaruh nyata, diuji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji BNJ pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi PEG dan lama perendaman berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya kecambah, kecepatan tumbuh, indeks vigor, panjang plumule, panjang akar, jumlah polong berisi penuh dan bobot biji kering per tanaman. Kombinasi taraf faktor terbaik adalah konsentrasi PEG 7,5% dan lama perendaman 6 jam.

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21

Yang, Hai-lin, Jian-ming Ruan, Zhong-cheng Zhou, Jian-peng Zou, Qiu-mei Wu y Yuan-yan Xie. "Shear-thickening rheological response of PCC/PEG suspensions". Journal of Central South University of Technology 16, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2009): 926–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-009-0154-8.

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22

Roozrokh, H. C., A. Ripepi y K. Stahlfeld. "Gastrocolocutaneous Fistula as a complication of peg tube placement". Surgical Endoscopy And Other Interventional Techniques 16, n.º 3 (9 de enero de 2002): 537–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-001-4135-8.

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23

Abdullah, Alhelali, A. Alrabiah, Sayed S. Habib, Y. Aljathlany, A. Aljasser, M. Bukhari y A. Y. Al-Ammar. "The Value of Spirometry in Subglottic Stenosis". Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 98, n.º 2 (febrero de 2019): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145561318823309.

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The diagnosis of subglottic stenosis (SGS) is usually made by clinical assessment and definitively by a direct endoscopic examination. This study aimed to evaluate different spirometric values in relation to anatomical grading and severity of subglottic stenosis cases of upper airway obstruction. Cases of SGS that underwent dilatational procedures endoscopically at the otolaryngology department of the King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from June 2015 to October 2017 were collected. Pulmonary function test (PFT) pre- and postoperative parameters and the grades of subglottic stenosis were extracted. We compared different spirometric values to the severity of SGS and compared the pre- and postoperative results for each patient. There were 19 cases with a valid PFT study within 7 days preoperatively in addition to a documented intraoperative grading according to the Myer-Cotton grading system; 7 (36.8%) were grade 1, 8 (42.1%) were grade 2, and 4 (21.1%) were grade 3. The actual preoperative ratio of forced expiratory volume (FEV1) in 1 second to peak expiratory flow (PEF) for all 19 patients ranged from 7.34 to 21.40 mL/L/min. We found a significant improvement in all spirometric parameters postdilatation including PEF ( P < .001), FEV1 ( P < .001), FEV1/PEF ( P = .001), forced expiratory flow (FEF) from 25%, 50%, and 75% of vital capacity, respectively, FEF25 ( P < .001), FEF50 ( P = .001), FEF75 ( P = .048), and maximum mid-expiratory flow ( P = .002). We did not find any correlation between the severity of stenosis and spirometric values. This study revealed that spirometry is a useful marker in following up patients with subglottic stenosis and is also a good indicator to determine postairway surgery outcomes. However, these markers do not correlate with anatomical grading and the severity of subglottic stenosis.

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24

Dyer, Suzanne M. "Physiological Effects of a 13-Week Physical Fitness Program on Down Syndrome Subjects". Pediatric Exercise Science 6, n.º 1 (febrero de 1994): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.6.1.88.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 13-week health-related fitness program on 10 Down syndrome subjects aged 8 to 18. An A-B-A time-series design was used, with data collected every 6 weeks for 43 weeks: The preintervention phase included four data collection points, and the intervention and postintervention phases included two data collection points each. Data obtained included resting heart rate, blood pressure, and results of a step test designed to measure cardiovascular fitness. Analyses of results revealed significant positive changes for resting heart rate (p < .0005), blood pressure (p < .01), and step test (p < .0001). Motivation and the type of program implemented were identified as particular reasons for positive outcomes. It was concluded that participation in regular physical activity may be beneficial for Down syndrome subjects, particularly because poor fitness levels have been closely associated with health risks such as cardiovascular disease.

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ZHANG, JUN, YANYAN LI, HAOYU ZAHNG, PENG DONG y CHANGZHOU WEI. "EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WATER CONDITIONS ON RICE GROWTH AT THE SEEDLING STAGE". Revista Caatinga 32, n.º 2 (junio de 2019): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n217rc.

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ABSTRACT Water scarcity has led to the adoption of water-saving irrigation technology around the world. Drip-irrigation has been used for rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation in Xinjiang, China. Researchers reported 12.0 t/ha yield; however, drip-irrigated rice produces around 6-8 t/ha in practice, and it is clear that water deficiency explains this gap. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to compare the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and antioxidant activity of rice grown in nutrient solutions with water potentials of 0.00, -0.02, -0.05, and -0.09 MPa [0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG), respectively], to determine the optimal water conditions for drip-irrigated rice. There was no significant difference between the 0, 2.5, and 5.0% PEG treatments for relative growth rate and relative water content after 10 and 20 days. However, 2.5 and 5.0% PEG treatments substantially affected the photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity after 10 and 20 days. Treatment with 7.5% PEG inhibited shoot growth. There was a significant reduction in antioxidant enzyme activity. Water-saving rice cultivation, such as drip-irrigated rice, suffered mild drought stress at -0.02 to -0.05 Mpa, but this did not inhibit growth. The amount of irrigation should be increased to obtain higher rice yields under drip-irrigation conditions.

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BOURLINOS, A. B., S. RAY CHOWDHURY, D. D. JIANG y Q. ZHANG. "Weakly solvated PEG-functionalized silica nanoparticles with liquid-like behavior". Journal of Materials Science 40, n.º 18 (septiembre de 2005): 5095–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-1301-8.

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27

Sovtic, Aleksandar, Predrag Minic, Jovan Kosutic, Gordana Markovic-Sovtic y Milan Gajic. "Modified Chrispin-Norman Score: Correlation With Peak Exercise Capacity and Efficiency of Ventilation in Children With Cystic Fibrosis". Pediatric Exercise Science 26, n.º 3 (agosto de 2014): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2013-0129.

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The modified Chrispin-Norman radiography score (CNS) is used in evaluation of radiographic changes in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). We evaluated the correlation of modified CNS with peak exercise capacity (Wpeak) and ventilatory efficiency (reflected by breathing reserve index—BRI) during progressive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Thirty-six children aged 8–17 years were stratified according to their CNS into 3 groups: mild (<10), moderate (10–15), and severe (>15). CPET was performed on a cycle ergometer. Lung function tests included spirometry and whole-body plethysmography. Patients with higher CNS had lower FEV1 (p < .001), Wpeak predicted (%; p = .01) and lower mean peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak/kg; p = .014). The BRI at the anaerobic threshold and at Wpeak was elevated in patients with the highest CNS values (p < .001). The modified CNS correlates moderately with Wpeak (R = −0.443; p = .007) and BRI (R = −0.419; p = .011). Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that RV/TLC was the best predictor of Wpeak/pred (%; B = −0.165; b = −0.494; R2 = .244; p = .002). Children with CF who have high modified CNS exhibit decreased exercise tolerance and ventilatory inefficacy during progressive effort.

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Becker, Regine, Rolf Nieczaj, Katrin Egge, Almut Moll, Miriam Meinhardt y Ralf-Joachim Schulz. "Functional Dysphagia Therapy and PEG Treatment in a Clinical Geriatric Setting". Dysphagia 26, n.º 2 (26 de enero de 2010): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-009-9270-8.

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29

Lotan, G., E. Broide, Y. Efrati y B. Klin. "Laparoscopically monitored percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in children: a safer procedure". Surgical Endoscopy 18, n.º 8 (12 de mayo de 2004): 1280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00464-002-9071-8.

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Boyer, Charles, Mark Tremblay, Travis Saunders, Allison McFarlane, Michael Borghese, Meghann Lloyd y Pat Longmuir. "Feasibility, Validity, and Reliability of the Plank Isometric Hold as a Field-Based Assessment of Torso Muscular Endurance for Children 8–12 Years of Age". Pediatric Exercise Science 25, n.º 3 (agosto de 2013): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.25.3.407.

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This project examined the feasibility, validity, and reliability of the plank isometric hold for children 8–12 years of age. 1502 children (52.5% female) performed partial curl-up and/or plank protocols to assess plank feasibility (n = 823, 52.1% girls), validity (n = 641, 54.1% girls) and reliability (n = 111, 47.8% girls). 12% (n = 52/431) of children could not perform a partial curl-up, but virtually all children (n = 1066/1084) could attain a nonzero score for the plank. Plank performance without time limit was influenced by small effects with age (β = 6.86; p < .001, η2 = 0.03), flexibility (β = 0.79; p < .001, η2 = 0.03), and medium effects with cardiovascular endurance (β = 1.07; p < .001, η2 = 0.08), and waist circumference (β = −0.92; p < .001, η2 = 0.06). Interrater (ICC = 0.62; CI = 0.50, 0.75), intrarater (ICC = 0.83; CI = 0.73, 0.90) and test-retest (ICC = 0.63; CI = 0.46, 0.75) reliability were acceptable for the plank without time limit. These data suggest the plank without time limit is a feasible, valid and reliable assessment of torso muscular endurance for children 8–12 years of age.

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31

Pringle, P. J., P. C. Hindmarsh, L. Di Silvio, J. D. Teale, A. B. Kurtz y C. G. D. Brook. "The measurement and effect of growth hormone in the presence of growth hormone-binding antibodies". Journal of Endocrinology 121, n.º 1 (abril de 1989): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1210193.

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ABSTRACT We have developed methods for measuring the concentrations of free GH in plasma using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) separation procedure to remove antibody-bound GH within 1 h of collection. Total GH concentrations were obtained by acidification of the GH–antibody complex to release the GH followed by PEG precipitation of the antibody. The plasma GH assay had a within-assay coefficient of variation (C.V.) of 6·8% at 4·6 mU/l and a between-assay C.V. of 9·2% at 4·0 mU/l. The PEG-modified assay had a within-assay C.V. of 4·3% at 6·3 mU/l and a between-assay C.V. of 10·9% at 5·3 mU/l. Both assays had a sensitivity of 1·3 mU/l. There was good correlation between plasma and free GH concentrations in 24-h profiles in two tall children (r = 0·98; P < 0·001) and between total and free GH in the same profiles (r = 0·97; P < 0·001). GH antibodies were measured using a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay. In children who did not develop GH antibodies there was no difference between total, plasma and free GH concentrations. In contrast, in those who developed GH antibodies both total and plasma GH concentrations were markedly increased compared with free GH concentrations. The presence of GH antibodies did not affect the growth, plasma insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations or fasting serum insulin concentration responses to 1 year of therapy with biosynthetic human GH. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 193–199

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32

Roemmich, James N., Christina L. Lobarinas, Jacob E. Barkley, Tressa M. White, Rocco Paluch y Leonard H. Epstein. "Use of an Open-Loop System to Increase Physical Activity". Pediatric Exercise Science 24, n.º 3 (agosto de 2012): 384–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.24.3.384.

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This study evaluated the effectiveness of an open-loop system that reinforces physical activity with TV watching to increase children’s physical activity. Nonoverweight, sedentary boys and girls (8–12 y) were randomized to a group that received feedback of activity counts + reinforcement for physical activity by providing access to television (F+R, n = 20); or to feedback, no reinforcement (Feedback, n = 20) or no feedback, no reinforcement control (Control, n = 21) groups. Children wore an accelerometer with a count display for 4-months with a 1-year follow-up. F+R reduced TV by 68 min/day and TV time was lower than the Feedback (p < .005) and Control (p < .002) groups. TV time of F+R remained 31 min lower (p < .02) than baseline at 1-year. F+R had a 44% increase in physical activity, which was greater than the feedback (p < .04) and control (p < .01) groups. An open-loop system decreases TV viewing and increases physical activity of children for 4-months. TV of the F+R group remained lower at 12 months, suggesting a reduction in screen-time habits.

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33

Zhang, X. G., D. Y. Teng, Z. M. Wu, X. Wang, Z. Wang, D. M. Yu y C. X. Li. "PEG-grafted chitosan nanoparticles as an injectable carrier for sustained protein release". Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 19, n.º 12 (15 de julio de 2008): 3525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-008-3500-8.

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34

Ayele, Belay T., Jocelyn A. Ozga y Dennis M. Reinecke. "Regulation of GA Biosynthesis Genes during Germination and Young Seedling Growth of Pea (Pisum sativum L.)". Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 25, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2006): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00344-006-0007-8.

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35

Harker, Laurence A., Ulla M. Marzec, Andrew B. Kelly, Ellen Cheung, Aaron Tomer, Janet L. Nichol, Stephen R. Hanson y Richard B. Stead. "Prevention of Thrombocytopenia and Neutropenia in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Marrow Suppressive Chemotherapy by Combining Pegylated Recombinant Human Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor and Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor". Blood 89, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1997): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v89.1.155.

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Abstract This report examines the effects on hematopoietic regeneration of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHuMGDF ) (2.5 μg/kg/d) alone and in combination with recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rHu-GCSF ) (10 μg/kg/d) for 21 days in rhesus macaques receiving intense marrow suppression produced by single bolus injections of hepsulfam (1.5 g/m2). In six hepsulfam-only control animals thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100 × 109/L) was observed between days 12 and 25 (nadir 39 ± 20 × 109/L on day 17), and neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count <1 × 109/L) occurred between days 8 and 30 (nadir 0.167 ± 0.120 × 109/L on day 15). PEG-rHuMGDF (2.5 μg/kg/d) injected subcutaneously into four animals from day 1 to day 22 following hepsulfam administration produced trough serum concentrations of 1.9 ± 0.2 ng/mL and increased the platelet count twofold over basal prechemotherapy levels (856 ± 594 × 109/L v baseline of 416 ± 88 × 109/L; P = .01). PEG-rHuMGDF alone also shortened the period of posthepsulfam neutropenia from 22 days to 12 days (P = .01), although the neutropenic nadir was not significantly altered (neutrophil count 0.224 ± 0.112 × 109/L v 0.167 ± 0.120 × 109/L; P < .3). rHu-GCSF (10 μg/kg/d) injected subcutaneously into four animals from day 1 to day 22 following hepsulfam administration produced trough serum concentrations of 1.4 ± 1.1 ng/mL, and reduced the time for the postchemotherapy neutrophil count to attain 1 × 109/L from 22 days to 4 days (P = .005). The postchemotherapy neutropenic nadir was 0.554 ± 0.490 × 109neutrophils/L (P = .3 v hepsulfam-only control of 0.167 ± 0.120 × 109/L). However, thrombocytopenia of <100 × 109 platelets/L was not shortened (persisted from day 12 to day 25), or less severe (nadir of 56 ± 32 × 109 platelets/L on day 14; P = .7 compared with untreated hepsulfam animals). The concurrent administration of rHu-GCSF (10 μg/kg/d) and PEG-rHuMGDF (2.5 μg/kg/d) in four animals resulted in postchemotherapy peripheral platelet counts of 127 ± 85 × 109/L (P = .03 compared with 39 ± 20 × 109/L for untreated hepsulfam alone, and P = .02 compared with 856 ± 594 × 109/L for PEG-rHuMGDF alone), and shortened the period of neutropenia <1 × 109/L from 22 days to 4 days (P = .8 compared with rHu-GCSF alone). Increasing PEG-rHuMGDF to 10 μg/kg/d and maintaining the 21-day schedule of coadministration with rHu-GCSF (10 μg/kg/d) in another four animals produced postchemotherapy platelet counts of 509 ± 459 × 109/L (P < 10−4compared with untreated hepsulfam alone, and P = .04 compared with 2.5 μg/kg/d PEG-rHuMGDF alone), and 4 days of neutropenia. Coadministration of rHu-GCSF and PEG-rHuMGDF did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of either agent. The administration of PEG-rHuMGDF (2.5 μg/kg/d) from day 1 through day 22 and rHu-GCSF (10 μg/kg/d) from day 8 through day 22 in six animals produced peak postchemotherapy platelet counts of 747 ± 317 × 109/L (P < 10−4 compared with untreated hepsulfam alone, and P = .7 compared with PEG-rHuMGDF alone), and maintained the neutrophil count < 3.5 × 109/L (P = .008 v rHu-GCSF therapy alone). Thus, both thrombocytopenia and neutropenia are eliminated by initiating daily PEG-rHuMGDF therapy on day 1 and subsequently adding daily rHu-GCSF after 1 week in the rhesus model of hepsulfam marrow suppression. This improvement in platelet and neutrophil responses by delaying the addition of rHu-GCSF to PEG-rHuMGDF therapy demonstrates the importance of optimizing the dose and schedule of cytokine combinations after severe myelosuppressive chemotherapy.

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36

Harker, Laurence A., Ulla M. Marzec, Andrew B. Kelly, Ellen Cheung, Aaron Tomer, Janet L. Nichol, Stephen R. Hanson y Richard B. Stead. "Prevention of Thrombocytopenia and Neutropenia in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Marrow Suppressive Chemotherapy by Combining Pegylated Recombinant Human Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor and Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor". Blood 89, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1997): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v89.1.155.155_155_165.

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This report examines the effects on hematopoietic regeneration of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHuMGDF ) (2.5 μg/kg/d) alone and in combination with recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rHu-GCSF ) (10 μg/kg/d) for 21 days in rhesus macaques receiving intense marrow suppression produced by single bolus injections of hepsulfam (1.5 g/m2). In six hepsulfam-only control animals thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100 × 109/L) was observed between days 12 and 25 (nadir 39 ± 20 × 109/L on day 17), and neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count <1 × 109/L) occurred between days 8 and 30 (nadir 0.167 ± 0.120 × 109/L on day 15). PEG-rHuMGDF (2.5 μg/kg/d) injected subcutaneously into four animals from day 1 to day 22 following hepsulfam administration produced trough serum concentrations of 1.9 ± 0.2 ng/mL and increased the platelet count twofold over basal prechemotherapy levels (856 ± 594 × 109/L v baseline of 416 ± 88 × 109/L; P = .01). PEG-rHuMGDF alone also shortened the period of posthepsulfam neutropenia from 22 days to 12 days (P = .01), although the neutropenic nadir was not significantly altered (neutrophil count 0.224 ± 0.112 × 109/L v 0.167 ± 0.120 × 109/L; P < .3). rHu-GCSF (10 μg/kg/d) injected subcutaneously into four animals from day 1 to day 22 following hepsulfam administration produced trough serum concentrations of 1.4 ± 1.1 ng/mL, and reduced the time for the postchemotherapy neutrophil count to attain 1 × 109/L from 22 days to 4 days (P = .005). The postchemotherapy neutropenic nadir was 0.554 ± 0.490 × 109neutrophils/L (P = .3 v hepsulfam-only control of 0.167 ± 0.120 × 109/L). However, thrombocytopenia of <100 × 109 platelets/L was not shortened (persisted from day 12 to day 25), or less severe (nadir of 56 ± 32 × 109 platelets/L on day 14; P = .7 compared with untreated hepsulfam animals). The concurrent administration of rHu-GCSF (10 μg/kg/d) and PEG-rHuMGDF (2.5 μg/kg/d) in four animals resulted in postchemotherapy peripheral platelet counts of 127 ± 85 × 109/L (P = .03 compared with 39 ± 20 × 109/L for untreated hepsulfam alone, and P = .02 compared with 856 ± 594 × 109/L for PEG-rHuMGDF alone), and shortened the period of neutropenia <1 × 109/L from 22 days to 4 days (P = .8 compared with rHu-GCSF alone). Increasing PEG-rHuMGDF to 10 μg/kg/d and maintaining the 21-day schedule of coadministration with rHu-GCSF (10 μg/kg/d) in another four animals produced postchemotherapy platelet counts of 509 ± 459 × 109/L (P < 10−4compared with untreated hepsulfam alone, and P = .04 compared with 2.5 μg/kg/d PEG-rHuMGDF alone), and 4 days of neutropenia. Coadministration of rHu-GCSF and PEG-rHuMGDF did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of either agent. The administration of PEG-rHuMGDF (2.5 μg/kg/d) from day 1 through day 22 and rHu-GCSF (10 μg/kg/d) from day 8 through day 22 in six animals produced peak postchemotherapy platelet counts of 747 ± 317 × 109/L (P < 10−4 compared with untreated hepsulfam alone, and P = .7 compared with PEG-rHuMGDF alone), and maintained the neutrophil count < 3.5 × 109/L (P = .008 v rHu-GCSF therapy alone). Thus, both thrombocytopenia and neutropenia are eliminated by initiating daily PEG-rHuMGDF therapy on day 1 and subsequently adding daily rHu-GCSF after 1 week in the rhesus model of hepsulfam marrow suppression. This improvement in platelet and neutrophil responses by delaying the addition of rHu-GCSF to PEG-rHuMGDF therapy demonstrates the importance of optimizing the dose and schedule of cytokine combinations after severe myelosuppressive chemotherapy.

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37

Ling, Z. y K. Lian. "In situ fabrication of SU-8 movable parts by using PAG-diluted SU-8 as the sacrificial layer". Microsystem Technologies 13, n.º 3-4 (19 de mayo de 2006): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-006-0180-5.

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38

Chen, Li, Zhigang Xie, Junli Hu, Xuesi Chen y Xiabin Jing. "Enantiomeric PLA–PEG block copolymers and their stereocomplex micelles used as rifampin delivery". Journal of Nanoparticle Research 9, n.º 5 (28 de julio de 2006): 777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-006-9103-8.

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39

Swindell, Nils, Damon Berridge, Melitta A. McNarry, Kelly A. Mackintosh, Lynne M. Boddy, Stuart J. Fairclough y Gareth Stratton. "Lifestyle Behaviors Associated With Body Fat Percent in 9- to 11-Year-Old Children". Pediatric Exercise Science 33, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2020-0010.

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Purpose:To examine (1) associations between body fat percent (BF) and lifestyle behaviors in children aged 9–11 years and (2) the consistency of these associations over a 10-year period. Methods: In this repeat, cross-sectional study, 15,977 children aged 9–11 years completed an anthropometric assessment and the SportsLinx Lifestyle survey between 2004 and 2013. Body fat was estimated according to the sum of the triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements. Multilevel models were utilized to examine associations between BF and responses to the lifestyle survey while controlling for known covariates. Results: Lifestyle behaviors explained 8.6% of the total variance in body fat. Specifically, negative associations were found between BF and active transport to school ( β = −0.99 [0.19], P < .001), full-fat milk (−0.07 [0.15], P < .001), and sweetened beverage consumption (−0.40 [0.15], P = .007). Relative to the reference group of ≤8:00 PM, later bedtime was positively associated with BF: 8:00 to 8:59 PM ( β = 1.60 [0.26], P < .001); 9:00 to 10:00 PM ( β = 1.04 [0.24], P < .001); ≥10:00 PM ( β = 1.18 [0.30], P < .001). Two-way interactions revealed opposing associations between BF and the consumption of low-calorie beverages for boys ( β = 0.95 [0.25], P < .001) and girls ( β = −0.85 [0.37], P = .021). There was no significant change in these associations over a 10-year period. Conclusions: In this population-level study covering a decade of data collection, lifestyle behaviors were associated with BF. Policies and interventions targeting population-level behavior change, such as active transport to school, sleep time, and consumption of full-fat milk, may offer an opportunity for improvements in BF.

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40

Barbieri, Geovana Facco, Raquel Stefanello, Janine Farias Menegaes, Janete Denardi Munareto y Ubirajara Russi Nunes. "Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Quinoa Seedlings Under Water and Salt Stress". Journal of Agricultural Science 11, n.º 15 (15 de septiembre de 2019): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n15p153.

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Excessive amounts of salts and soil water deficiency interfere on seed germination and the full development of several crops. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of water stress and salinity on the germination process and initial growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seedlings. In the first experiment, two quinoa seed lots with different physiological conditions were distributed on paper soaked in aqueous solution containing polyethylene glycol PEG-6000 in osmotic potentials corresponding to 0.0; -0.1; -0.2; -0.3 and -0.4 MPa and held at 20 °C under 8 hours of light exposition. In the second experiment, solutions of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) were used to simulate the effect of salinity using the osmotic potentials, temperature and light conditions previously described. Assessed parameters were the germination percentage, first count, length and dry mass of seedlings. There was a reduction in quinoa germination percentage, first seed count and seedling length as the osmotic potential decreased in CaCl2, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and PEG-6000 solutions. The quinoa seeds exhibited higher tolerance to NaCl and KCl salts in the germination process and initial seedling growth. The progressive reduction of the osmotic potential induced by salts NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 and PEG-6000 negatively affects seed germination and initial growth of quinoa seedlings.

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41

Ford, Paul, Richard Bailey, Damian Coleman, Daniel Stretch, Edward Winter, Kate Woolf-May y Ian Swaine. "Energy Expenditure and Perceived Effort During Brisk Walking and Running in 8- to 10-Year-Old Children". Pediatric Exercise Science 22, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2010): 569–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.22.4.569.

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There are no previous reports of energy expenditure and perceived effort during brisk-walking and running at speeds self-selected by young children. Fifty four participants (age 8–11 years old) performed 1500 m of brisk-walking and running in a marked school playground, and were given simple instructions to either ‘walk quickly’ or to ‘jog’. During the running the children achieved higher mean speeds and a greater total energy expenditure (p < .001). However, there was no difference in the perceived effort between the two activities (p > .05). These findings suggest that under certain conditions children find it just as easy to run as they do to walk briskly, even though the speed and energy expenditure is significantly higher.

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42

Pereira, Graça, Cátia Marques, Rui Ribeiro, Sandra Formiga, Mafalda Dâmaso, M. Tavares Sousa, Mário Farinhó y José M. Leitão. "Identification of DNA markers linked to an induced mutated gene conferring resistance to powdery mildew in pea (Pisum sativum L.)". Euphytica 171, n.º 3 (17 de julio de 2009): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-009-0003-8.

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43

Alves Cerqueira, Daniel, Guimes Rodrigues Filho, Rosana Maria Nascimento de Assuncão, Carla da Silva Meireles, Leandra Cardoso Toledo, Mara Zeni, Kátia Mello y Jocelei Duarte. "Characterization of cellulose triacetate membranes, produced from sugarcane bagasse, using PEG 600 as additive". Polymer Bulletin 60, n.º 2-3 (24 de octubre de 2007): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-007-0856-8.

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44

Gately, Paul John, Carlton Brian Cooke, Ron John Butterly, Charlotte Knight y Sean Carroll. "The Acute Effects of an 8-Week Diet, Exercise, and Educational Camp Program on Obese Children". Pediatric Exercise Science 12, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2000): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.12.4.413.

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One hundred and ninety-four children enrolled in a summer weight loss camp program (64 boys and 130 girls, aged 12.6 ± 2.5 years) and were assessed for body mass and stature on arrival. One hundred and fourteen subjects were assessed for waist circumference, with a subgroup of 14 boys assessed on 8 skinfold thicknesses, 9 circumference measures, and a self-paced walk test to evaluate aerobic performance. A further group of 40 girls were assessed on 3 psychometric variables (self concept, body esteem, and body cathexis). During the camp (located in Massachusetts, U.S.), diet was restricted to 1,400 kcal · day−1, with a daily prescription of structured fun-type, skill-based physical activities and regular behavioral and educational sessions. Paired t tests showed highly significant improvements (p < .001) in all variables comparing pre and post intervention measures. The improvements in body composition, aerobic performance, and psychometric variables suggest that the camp program was successful in reducing significant risk factors in children’s health.

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45

Kiladjian, Jean-Jacques, Bruno Cassinat, Pascal Turlure, Nathalie Cambier, Sylvia Bellucci, Murielle Roussel, Marie-José Grange et al. "Peg IFNα-2a in Polycythemia Vera (PV). Results of a Phase 2 Study by the French “PV-NORD” Group." Blood 108, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2006): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.670.670.

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Abstract Background: IFNα can control erythrocytosis in 75% of PV while avoiding leukemogenicity of myelosuppressive drugs, but 20–25% of patients stop therapy due to side effects. Peg IFNα −2b, allowing weekly use, showed similar efficacy but no better tolerance in 3 trials. We conducted a phase 2 trial of peg-IFNα 2a in PV, a drug never tested in MPD to our knowledge. Study design: Inclusion criteria in PVN1 trial (www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00241241). were PV diagnosis (PVSG criteria), age 18–65 years, no previous treatment or only phlebotomies, or cytoreductive treatment <2 years. The primary endpoint was response to peg-IFNα 2a (CR: Ht <45% in men < 42% in women without phlebotomy, no splenomegaly, normal WBC and plt counts; PR: Ht as above but with persistent splenomegaly or elevated plts, or 50–99% reduction in phlebotomies); secondary endpoints were toxicity and evolution of circulating V617F JAK2 allele (%V617F) by quantitative PCR during treatment. Results: 33 of the 40 pts enrolled had a 12 mos FU: M/F : 14/19, median age 50 yrs (range 22–65). Median time from diagnosis: 6 months (range 1–65). 9 pts (27%) had previously received HU, 6 (18%) had a history of thrombosis. Median Ht: 60% in males and 50% in females. Median WBC and plt counts: 9.109/l (range 4–23) and 598.109/l (range 171–1428), resp. 7 pts (21%) had splenomegaly. 1 patient was not evaluable for response (allergic reaction at first injection). At 6 mos, all pts were responders: 26 CR (81%), 6 PR (19%). At 12 mos, 2/32 pts had stopped treatment (1 grade 2 thrombocytopenia, 1 skin reaction), 27 (84%) were in CR and 3 pts in PR. Median peg-IFNα 2a dose received during the 1st year was 113 μ g/w (range 30–180). Neither thrombosis nor hemorrhage was reported. Only grade 1 to 3 toxicities were reported, lasting <3 mos in 90% of cases: muscle and joint pain (n=20, 19 grade 1–2), fatigue (n=17, all grade 1–2), skin intolerance (n=14, one grade 3), neurological symptoms (n=8, all grade 1–2). Grade1 fever and depression were observed in 4 and 3 pts, resp. Molecular response was observed in 24 of 27 (89%) pts with serial samples, from a mean %V617F of 49% to a mean of 27% (mean decrease of 44%; P<.001), including one pt with no longer detectable mutant JAK2. In 7 pts, microsatellite analysis with 9p markers showed clear changes in the allelic ratios between samples during treatment in parallel with a decrease in %V617F, showing that the abnormal clone had a 9p LOH. Those 7 pts with 9pLOH were slower molecular responders, and had higher WBC counts at diagnosis (p=.005). Conclusion: After 1 year, 94% hematological and 89% molecular response is obtained with peg-IFN-α 2a in PV, treatment being stopped due to side effects in only 9% of pts. Pts with 9pLOH had similar hematological and molecular response rates, although molecular response was slower. Peg-IFNα 2a could be a treatment of choice for PV, until specific targeted therapies are available.

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46

Herman, Katya M., Gilles Paradis, Marie-Eve Mathieu, Jennifer O’Loughlin, Angelo Tremblay y Marie Lambert. "Association Between Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity Intensities and Sedentary Time in 8- to 10-Year-Old Children". Pediatric Exercise Science 26, n.º 1 (febrero de 2014): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2012-0128.

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This study examines the association between objectively-measured physical activity (PA) intensities and sedentary behavior (SED) in a cohort of 532 children aged 8–10 y. PA and SED were assessed by accelerometer over 7-days. Television and computer/video-game use were self-reported. Associations between PA intensities and SED variables were assessed by Spearman correlations and adjusted multiple linear regression. Higher mean daily moderate-to-vigorous and vigorous PA (MVPA, VPA) were negatively associated with mean daily SED (r = −0.47 and −0.37; p < .001), and positively associated with mean daily total PA (r = .58 and 0.46; p < .001). MVPA was also positively associated with light PA (LPA; r = .26, p < .00l). MVPA and VPA were not significantly associated with TV, computer/video or total screen time; accelerometer SED was only weakly associated with specific SED behaviors. On average, for each additional 10 min daily MVPA, children accumulated >14 min less SED, and for each additional 5 min VPA, 11 min less SED. Thus, over the course of a week, higher mean daily MVPA may displace SED time and is associated with higher total PA over and above the additional MVPA, due to concomitant higher levels of LPA. Public health strategies should target both MVPA and SED to improve overall PA and health in children.

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47

Porto, Tatiana Souza, Pedro Alcântara Pessôa-Filho, Benício Barros Neto, José Luiz Lima Filho, Attilio Converti, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto y Adalberto Pessoa. "Removal of proteases from Clostridium perfringens fermented broth by aqueous two-phase systems (PEG/citrate)". Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 34, n.º 8 (14 de junio de 2007): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-007-0230-8.

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48

Chen, Jian, Jiding Li, Xia Zhan, Xiaolong Han y Cuixian Chen. "Effect of PEG additives on properties and morphologies of polyetherimide membranes prepared by phase inversion". Frontiers of Chemical Engineering in China 4, n.º 3 (7 de enero de 2010): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11705-009-0280-8.

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49

Lee, Ren-Shen y Yi-Ting Huang. "Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic triblock-graft PEG-(b-PαN3CL-g-Alkyne)2 degradable copolymers". Journal of Polymer Research 17, n.º 5 (14 de noviembre de 2009): 697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-009-9358-8.

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50

Atrei, A., U. Bardi, M. Maglietta, G. Rovida, M. Torrini y E. Zanazzi. "Seelfs study of Ni(001)(2×2)C p4g structure". Surface Science Letters 211-212 (abril de 1989): A106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(89)90305-8.

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