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Sinnott, Patricia A. "Pharmacists' illness experience and the pharmacist-patient relationship." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29338.pdf.
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Martineau, Megan, Stephanie Yandow, and Stephanie Hines. "Job Satisfaction Among Tucson Area Chain Community Pharmacists: Results from a Pilot Study." The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623643.
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Class of 2012 Abstract<br>Specific Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the overall satisfaction of Tucson area pharmacists in the community retail setting and to identify the facets of community practice that have the greatest contribution to job satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
Methods: Surveys were sent by facsimile to all community retail pharmacies in the Tucson area. All pharmacists working in these stores were encouraged to respond to the survey by faxing back the paper copy or by responding to the online version of the survey at surveymonkey.com. Respondents were asked to rate their job satisfaction and demographic data were also collected.
Main Results: Questionnaires were completed and returned by 32 pharmacists, an estimated response rate of 10%. After reviewing the returned surveys, four questions were chosen from the satisfaction portion to determine their relationship to the job satisfaction ratings. Those four variables were “recognition one receives for good work”, “opportunity to use abilities”, “hours of work”, and “patient contact”. Those four satisfaction variables were then analyzed using the demographic grouping variables “other experience”, “store type” and “degree earned”. Following analysis, only hours of work was found to play a significant role with pharmacy job satisfaction when grouped by other experience. Conclusions: The area of community pharmacy practice that affects job satisfaction the most is hours of work, which is especially true when pharmacists have work experience outside of community practice.
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Capstick, Toby Gareth David. "The effectiveness of pharmacist interventions in improving asthma control and quality of life in patients with difficult asthma." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13962.
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Despite national guidelines, the management of difficult asthma remains suboptimal, and there may be opportunities for pharmacists to improve asthma outcomes. This six-month prospective, randomised, open study investigated the effects of pharmaceutical care across primary and secondary care on difficult asthma. Fifty-two patients attending a hospital difficult asthma clinic were randomised (1:1) to receive usual medical care (UC), or pharmacist interventions (PI) comprising asthma review, education, and medicines optimisation from a hospital advanced clinical pharmacist, plus follow-up targeted Medicines Use Review (t-MUR) from community pharmacists. Forty-seven patients completed the study. More interventions were performed in the PI group at baseline (total 79 vs. 34, p<0.001), but only six patients received a t-MUR. At six-months, PI were non-inferior to UC for all outcomes. The primary outcome measure was Juniper’s Asthma Control Questionnaire score and reduced (improved) from a median (IQ) score of 2.86 (2.25, 3.25) and 3.00 (1.96, 3.71) in the PI and UC groups respectively to 2.57 (1.75, 3.67) and 2.29 (1.50, 3.50). At baseline, 58.8%, 46.9% and 17.6% of patients had optimal inhaler technique using Accuhalers, Turbohalers or pMDIs; education improved technique but this was not maintained at six-months. Adherence rates < 80% were observed in 57.5% of patients at baseline, and was improved in the PI group at six-months (10/20 PI vs. 3/21 UC had adherence rates of 80-120%, p=0.020). This study demonstrates that the management of difficult asthma by specialist pharmacists is as effective as usual medical care. Future research should investigate whether pharmacist-led follow-up produces further improvements.
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Capstick, Toby G. D. "The Effectiveness of Pharmacist Interventions in Improving Asthma Control and Quality of Life in Patients with Difficult Asthma." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13962.
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Despite national guidelines, the management of difficult asthma remains suboptimal, and there may be opportunities for pharmacists to improve asthma outcomes. This six-month prospective, randomised, open study investigated the effects of pharmaceutical care across primary and secondary care on difficult asthma.
Fifty-two patients attending a hospital difficult asthma clinic were randomised
(1:1) to receive usual medical care (UC), or pharmacist interventions (PI) comprising asthma review, education, and medicines optimisation from a hospital advanced clinical pharmacist, plus follow-up targeted Medicines Use Review (t-MUR) from community pharmacists.
Forty-seven patients completed the study. More interventions were performed in the PI group at baseline (total 79 vs. 34, p<0.001), but only six patients received a t-MUR. At six-months, PI were non-inferior to UC for all outcomes. The primary outcome measure was Juniper’s Asthma Control Questionnaire score and reduced (improved) from a median (IQ) score of 2.86 (2.25, 3.25) and 3.00 (1.96, 3.71) in the PI and UC groups respectively to 2.57 (1.75, 3.67) and 2.29 (1.50, 3.50).
At baseline, 58.8%, 46.9% and 17.6% of patients had optimal inhaler technique using Accuhalers, Turbohalers or pMDIs; education improved technique but this was not maintained at six-months. Adherence rates <80% were observed in 57.5% of patients at baseline, and was improved in the PI group at six-months (10/20 PI vs. 3/21 UC had adherence rates of 80-120%, p=0.020).
This study demonstrates that the management of difficult asthma by specialist pharmacists is as effective as usual medical care. Future research should investigate whether pharmacist-led follow-up produces further improvements.<br>The Pharmaceutical Trust for Educational and Charitable Objects (PTECO) (now known as Pharmacy Research UK).
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Hagemeier, Nicholas E. "Prescription Drug Abuse: Reflections and Visioning. First District Pharmacists Association – Tennessee Pharmacists Association." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1430.
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Beechey, Riley Tegan Anne. "Pharmacist Utilization of Opioid Misuse and Abuse Interventions: Acceptability Among Pharmacists and Patients in Detox." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1499974262218499.
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Patel, Sarjit, Ahmad Rkein, and Michael Sisk. "Pharmacists and Business Plans: Identifying Pharmacists’ and Pharmacy Students’ Comfort Level Developing Business Plans." The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623900.
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Class of 2010 Abstract<br>OBJECTIVES: To assess the comfort level of pharmacists and 4th year pharmacy students regarding their ability to develop business plans and their perception of available resources to help them.
METHODS: A questionnaire sought information on the comfort level on multiple sections of a business plan: mission statement, executive summary, description of business/service, marketing, operations, and finances. The questionnaire was sent electronically to pharmacy preceptors and pharmacy students at The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy.
RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by a total of 94 pharmacists and student pharmacists (30% response rate). Of those 94 respondents, 55 were pharmacists, 35 were student pharmacists, and 4 were left unknown. Individuals between the ages of 21-29 were less comfortable with business plan concepts (p-values range from 0.005 to 0.028). Men were more comfortable with the business plan than women (all p-values <0.002). Pharmacists had shown to be more comfortable than student pharmacists in all areas of the business plan (all p-values <0.005). Forty-six percent of the individuals said there are currently not enough resources available and 83% of individuals said that there is a definite need for more training opportunities. Live, web-based CE courses and elective pharmacy curriculum courses were thought as the most beneficial training opportunities (29%, 30%, and 22%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for more resources and training opportunities to improve the comfort levels that pharmacists and student pharmacists have for business plans in order to help implement new innovative ideas that will continue to expand pharmacy services.
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Anderson, Claire Wynn. "Health promotion by community pharmacists." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299776.
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Hagemeier, Nicholas E. "MAT: Pharmacists’ Perceptions and Roles." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1417.
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Stephenson, Stefanie L. "Kentucky pharmacists' opinions and practices related to the sale of cigarettes and alcohol in pharmacies." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1180785.
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The objective of the study was to augment important findings from a 1996 statewide survey of Indiana pharmacists regarding their opinions and practices related to the sale of cigarettes and alcohol in pharmacies. More specifically, this study was designed (1) to determine opinions and practices of Kentucky pharmacists' related to the sale of cigarettes and alcohol; (2) compare these findings with results from the Indiana study; and (3) to gather information on health promotion activities by Kentucky pharmacists. A structured survey questionnaire was designed and reviewed by a jury of experts and subsequently administered to half of the 1182 pharmacies in Kentucky. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.Findings reveal that 45% of responding pharmacists sell cigarettes in their stores although 88% think their stores should not sell cigarettes. Approximately 34% of pharmacies in non-dry counties sell alcoholic beverages while more than four-fifths of the pharmacists (81%) think pharmacies should not sell alcoholic beverages. After adjusting by type of pharmacy, no statistical difference was found in retail-chain pharmacy sales of cigarettes and alcohol in either Kentucky or Indiana. However, independent pharmacies in Kentucky were less likely to sell cigarettes and alcohol compared to independent Indiana pharmacies. Study results also revealed that most pharmacists agree the use of cigarettes and alcohol are important causes of morbidity and pre-mature mortality and that pharmacists should play a role in health promotion and disease prevention through their relationship with the public.<br>Department of Physiology and Health Science
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Ramkhalawon, Shabeerah. "Antibiotic stewardship: the role of clinical pharmacist." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10858.
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South Africa has a high prevalence of infectious diseases; the major ones being the Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome epidemic, and tuberculosis. South Africa’s burden of resistant bacteria is also increasing. Antibiotic resistance in hospitalised patients leads to an increase in morbidity and mortality, resulting in longer hospital stays, and an increase in hospital costs. In order to counteract the problem of antibiotic resistance in hospitals and other healthcare facilities and preserve the efficacy of currently available antibiotics, there is a need for serious antibiotic management. Antibiotic stewardship initiatives have thus been put in place to guide healthcare professionals on the correct use of antibiotics. Clinical pharmacists can intervene and contribute to antibiotic stewardship owing to comprehensive knowledge of antibiotics, including the properties, uses, safety and efficacy of individual agents. There is a paucity of research to support the role of the clinical pharmacist in antibiotic stewardship in public sector hospitals. The current pharmacist staffing system within public sector hospitals does not adequately support pharmacists, in particular clinical pharmacists, to participate actively in antibiotic stewardship. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the role of the clinical pharmacist in antibiotic stewardship in a public hospital setting. A secondary aim was to contribute towards more rational inpatient use of antibiotics in the general medical ward. The hypothesis for the study was that clinical pharmacists can make a positive contribution to the correct use of antibiotics in a public hospital setting. The study showed that the introduction of a pharmacist-driven antibiotic stewardship in the ward, using a prospective audit and feedback strategy, had a positive effect on overall appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing (Chi2=7.89; df=3; p=0.04815, Cramer’s V=0.13). However, this finding did not show any reduction in the volume of antibiotic use. Positive patient outcomes were achieved and shown through a reduction in the length of hospital stay (p=0.00487; one-way ANOVA). Although patients were not followed up on discharge to assess re-admission rates, the results are relevant in order to inform the hospital staff about the implementation of antibiotic stewardship at the public hospital setting with the aims of reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and improving patient outcomes. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the hypothesis was achieved and that the clinical pharmacist did play an integral role in antibiotic prescribing at the public hospital setting. Thus, it can be concluded that the study, though limited in its scope, achieved its aims and objectives, and showed that the clinical pharmacist does play an integral role in the rational use of antibiotics in a public hospital setting.
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Ninkhate, Fon. "Professional identity construction amongst Thai pharmacists." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10778/.
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Internationally, the pharmacy profession’s paradigm of practice has been shifting from a product-oriented role to a patient-oriented role. Despite increasing public interest, there has been a lack of research into the experiences of pharmacists as they make the transition to a patient-oriented role. Furthermore, it is important to understand how individual pharmacists construct their identity in making this transition, as well as how they behave or react within the role prescribed by their work contexts. This issue of analysing identity construction at the personal level, especially in professionals, is one which empirical research has failed adequately to investigate. With a focus on Thailand, this research thus explores how the paradigm shift to a patient-oriented role influences pharmacists’ identity construction in two different work contexts: a public hospital setting and a private drugstore setting. This enables a comparison of how pharmacists construct identities differently in the two contexts, thus highlighting how a particular context influences individuals’ identity construction by providing multi-discursive resources. This thesis employs negotiated order theory and the social arena concept to examine how pharmacists negotiate to establish their role boundaries, and how they engage with the consequences of these role boundaries. It is found that pharmacists construct identities differently, depending on the context in which their role is situated. Consequently, identity construction is influenced by personal identity, role identity and work and family contexts, as well as professional values. In summary, this thesis contributes to currently under-researched areas of the pharmacy profession literature associated, in particular, with identity and negotiation. At the theoretical level, the thesis also sheds light on using negotiated order theory and the social arena concept to examine negotiations in the less institutionalised context of private drugstores. Finally, the thesis offers a more comprehensive model for identity construction, which includes the role of personal identity, role identity, contexts and social interactions to explain how pharmacists construct their identity, and in so doing highlights the dynamics behind the identity construction process.
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Davies, J. E. "Community pharmacy businesses and community pharmacists." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1384825/.
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The change in community pharmacists’ practice from compounding and effectively unregulated medicines supply through to the highly regulated and largely automated high-volume dispensing process of today has been challenging. The economic and social standing of community pharmacy was transformed creating a need for further adaptation. This thesis explores ‘how business and professional practice models for community pharmacy in England in ten to twenty years are likely to be structured?’. It has six sections, plus an overarching discussion. A work sampling study of ten community pharmacies found that pharmacists continue to spend two-thirds of their time on dispensing related activities, compared to one tenth on counselling. The accompanying analysis links this to an increase in prescription volumes and payments that have incentivised pharmacy contractors to focus on medicines supply. A significant decrease in the average prescription duration for eight chronic disease medications over the past decade is revealed, and its desirability questioned. Using the Kingdon model of the policy process as an evaluative framework, 16 interviews with ‘policy leaders’ provided insight into how seven factors (identified from a structured thematic review of the implementation of Medicines Use Reviews) have influenced the implementation of the New Medicines Service. In addition, role theory-based thematic analysis involving 17 stakeholders in pharmacy policy highlighted the tensions between community pharmacists’ roles as shopkeepers, clinicians and businessmen, and the effects that new technologies will have on them. The analysis identifies a need for pharmacy to embrace a new strategic direction that enhances pharmacy’s contributions to health outcomes. In conclusion, community pharmacy in England should offer timelier and economically efficient ways of solving contemporary health problems. The evidence presented here suggests that without stronger internal leadership and robust external stakeholder support medicines supply will split from the provision of clinical pharmacy in the community setting, leaving community pharmacies as ‘commodity cost’, low return medicines suppliers.
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Astles, Alison Margaret. "Professional engagement of locum community pharmacists." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/17672/.
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Locum community pharmacists (‘locums’) constitute a significant proportion of the community pharmacy workforce in the UK, and have been identified as isolated practitioners who work outside existing quality assurance processes. This study examines professional engagement of locums in terms of their networking with pharmacist colleagues and their professional identity as pharmacists. With a constructivist, inductive approach, the study consisted of a series of five focus groups with a total of 25 participants in 2013, which were thematically analysed to yield a series of themes around professional engagement. The focus groups confirmed the isolation felt by locums and the effort undertaken by them to develop and maintain networks with colleagues. Locums used their networks for obtaining information, benchmarking their practice, decreasing personal stress, problem solving, sharing opinion on moral and ethical issues and promoting professional growth Next, the LocumVoice online forum for locum pharmacists was observed for a two month period in 2014, with the data being examined using an adaptation of Bales’ interaction process analysis, integrated with thematic analysis of the content. The interactions and content of the forum support it being considered a pharmacy community of practice, with locums’ interactions developing professional identity concepts via storytelling, sharing opinions and information. In particular, views on the nature of the role of the pharmacist were prominent in the discussions. The study contributes to knowledge of UK locum community pharmacists in that it describes the purpose and value of networking as perceived by locums and examines in detail the interactions occurring on an online community of practice that contribute to locum professional engagement and identity development.
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Hagemeier, Nicholas E., and Daniel Ventricelli. "Pharmacists and Prescribers as a Team." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1413.
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Controlled substance stewardship, much in the same vein as antimicrobial stewardship, is a professional obligation for prescribers and pharmacists alike in today’s practice environment. This presentation will introduce this concept and present a model for pharmacist-led controlled substance prescribing interventions in a primary care clinic. The Controlled Substances Initiative (CSI) at Penobscot Community Health Care in Bangor, Maine, was implemented in 2013. The interprofessional CSI Committee meets weekly to review patient cases involving controlled substances and communicate best practice recommendations to prescribers. All committee operations are sustained by pharmacists participating in a postgraduate residency training program. To assess the organization-wide impact of the initiative, presenters will share data on controlled substance dose reductions and mortality trends. They will offer pearls for application of this model to other practice settings, including community pharmacies.
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Tonna, Antonella P. "Exploring pharmacist prescribing in hospitals in Scotland, with a focus on antimicrobials." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/708.
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This aim of the research was to explore pharmacist prescribing (PP) with a focus on antimicrobials, in hospitals in Scotland. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect, generate and synthesise data. A systematic review of peer-reviewed published literature on evidence-based roles for the pharmacist as part of an antimicrobial multidisciplinary team, identified roles for pharmacists within the teams but limited evidence relating to outcomes associated with these roles. Six qualitative focus groups, with 37 hospital pharmacists in 5 Scottish Health Boards, contextualised perceptions of barriers to, and facilitators of, implementation of PP in hospitals. Key themes were: perceived lack of pharmacy management support to take on a prescribing role and little strategic attention paid to PP implementation and sustainability. These issues were discussed in relation to PP in general and not only for antimicrobials. Participants perceived successful implementation of PP to be associated with factors including ward type and patient’s clinical condition. None of the pharmacists were prescribing antimicrobials and consequently further studies focused on PP in general. A scoping exercise, utilising various sources of information, reinforced findings from Phase 1; it highlighted the absence of any national or Health Board frameworks to support implementation of PP in secondary care in Scotland. Consensus-based research was undertaken, therefore, to provide guidance to facilitate service redesign involving PP in secondary care in Scotland. A Delphi approach undertaken with 40 experts, mainly in strategic posts, resulted in a high level of agreement in areas relating to succession planning, rather than role development; more variability was obtained in areas relating to future orientation of service, competencies required by prescribers and potential development of non-medical prescribing teams. The guidance was developed into a self-assessment toolkit providing an analytical strategy for implementation and role development of PP in secondary care. While the results and conclusions generated through this research need to be interpreted with caution, the data generated is an original contribution to the evidence base relating to PP.
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Turner, Adam. "The professional status of community pharmacists : an exploration of the perceptions of community pharmacists and the general public." Thesis, Aston University, 2017. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/37500/.
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Professionalism has often been a difficult concept to define or describe but researchers agree that it is an important trait to maintain professional status within society. Professional status is attained through a process of professionalisation, it can be lost through a process of deprofessionalisation and can be re-attained through reprofessionalisation. Despite being considered a profession by some researchers, others have argued that pharmacy has failed to fully professionalise with some labelling it a ‘quasi-profession’. Some scholars believe that the future of community pharmacy may rely on service provision and that this is essential to reprofessionalise pharmacy. Given the uncertainty of current professional status, a mixed methods approach was used to explore the views and opinions of the general public, pharmacists and pharmacy leaders on matters relating to professional status. The thesis presents three studies: a qualitative study with pharmacy leaders; a mixed methods study comprising a questionnaire with members of the general public in England and a further mixed methods study comprising a questionnaire with pharmacists. The qualitative study with pharmacy leaders gave an insight into pharmacy leaders’ views and opinions relating to public understanding of pharmacy, professionalism and professional status. This informed the development of the questionnaires used for the subsequent two studies. The questionnaires identified differing public understanding and opinions on pharmacists and matters relating to professional status. Differences were also identified between the general public and pharmacists on these matters. Finally, the qualitative stage offered further exploration and clarification of findings discovered from the questionnaire data. Recommendations about understanding current public opinion of pharmacists may help further clarify the current professional status of community pharmacy.
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Grindrod, Kelly Anne. "Pharmacists' preferences for providing patient-centred services." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12589.
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Introduction: In Canada, most pharmacists are not paid to provide patient-centred services and in other jurisdictions, most programs for these types of services have suffered from low uptake and limited sustainability.
Objective: To determine pharmacists' preferences for providing patient-centred services.
Methods: Senior students and pharmacists in British Columbia and Alberta were recruited to complete a questionnaire that included a discrete choice experiment. Using 18 different choice-sets, respondents were asked if they preferred to provide one of two hypothetical patient-centred services or to provide typical pharmacy services. Each service differed by the following attributes: type of service; personal income; setting; job satisfaction; professional service fee; and required continuing education. Multinomial logit and latent class regression modeling was used to determine respondents' relative preference weights for each attribute.
Results: Of 539 respondents who completed the questionnaire, 49% were dispensary pharmacists or managers, 12% were dispensary owners or regional managers, 21% were clinical pharmacists and 16% were students. Respondents were very averse to seeing a decrease in their income or job satisfaction and preferred to have access to a weeklong course or a paid preceptorship. Respondents also preferred to provide medication or disease management services, but were not as interested in providing screening services. Finally, respondents had a slight preference for providing services in a clinic rather than a dispensary. Preferences differed according to several factors including respondents' employment and time in practice.
Conclusion: Compared to offering only typical pharmacy services, many pharmacists seem to prefer to provide patient-centred services. However, before adopting these services, most pharmacists will need assurance that their income and job satisfaction will be maintained or increase, and that they will have access to suitable continuing education programs. Pharmacists who are attracted to clinical roles will be more interested in the type of service to be delivered. Decision-makers and pharmacy leaders who are looking to develop and implement a program for patient-centred pharmacy services should carefully consider these preferences to improve the likelihood that the program will be successful and sustainable.
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Gifford, Alison Jane. "An exploration of pharmacists' learning in practice." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13683/.
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Informal learning is a major factor influencing the professional development and practices of health professionals (Eraut, 1994). This thesis is an in-depth exploration of how this process occurs in pharmacy and involves a detailed study of practising pharmacists. The learning approach of these individuals is explored in relation to the variety of working situations in which they practise and the prevailing climate in relation to professional learning and development within the National Health Service (NHS). This study therefore adds to an understanding of the way in which informal learning shapes the practice of pharmacists and as such it has considerable implications for both future policy and practice. In the past there has been very little detailed research investigation into informal learning in pharmacy, although studies by Wilson, Schlapp & Davidson (2003) and Swallow et al (2006) have demonstrated the importance of this aspect of professional development. This study addresses that deficit, utilising semi structured interviews and focus groups to explore in some depth the nature of pharmacists’ informal learning and their perceptions of the effectiveness of current CPD practices in supporting such learning. The study reveals that pharmacists use a range of informal learning methods to develop in their careers post-qualification, including experiential learning and reflective practice. Many also continue to take further formal courses and qualifications. Practitioners perceive knowledge to be of particularly high value, and place less emphasis and value on the learning of skills, attitudes and behaviours, despite their comprising a vital part of practice. The role of helpful others (Eraut et al., 2004) plays a critical part in the professional learning and development of many pharmacists. They appear to value this support highly and in some cases rely on it due to the isolated nature of their practice situation. Paradoxically, whilst pharmacists acknowledge the need to provide evidence of their ongoing professional development, they often do not complete CPD records in practice. One of the main criticisms offered, in relation to the CPD system, was the perceived limitations of the RPSGB Plan & Record forms, and this was also used as a justification for not completing their records. Greater flexibility in the system was seen as vital for the full benefits and strengths of the CPD system to be realised. The change management process through which the RPSGB introduced CPD is critically examined and the literature on educational change processes utilised, to suggest ways in which the implementation process of CPD may have created the resistance evident in the pharmacists’ narratives. This thesis raises questions about the value that pharmacists and the pharmacy profession place on various types of learning. The importance of informal learning in the development of pharmacists is emphasised. The thesis also explores the apparent need for pharmacists to have access to appropriate helpful others and the need to ensure that the method used to record CPD is flexible and fit for purpose.
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Van, Ostrand Rita A. "A computerized working environment for retail pharmacists." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/484763.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate how well the computer hardware/software industry was meeting the needs of the retail pharmacist. The needs were determined by a survey of 1000 Indiana pharmacists. A reply rate of 22% revealed that the most important problems pharmacists were facing with their computer systems were slow access of the data, the length of backup time, no drug interaction check, and no multitasking. Hardware and software means of meeting these problems were studied. Also the currently available systems were evaluated in terms of these problems. It was found that while most systems were adequately meeting some of these problems no system was addressing all of them. Some of the systems were multitasking but were much too expensive for the small pharmacy. A system can be designed that meets all of these needs without neglecting the basic needs of pharmacists and at a very reasonable cost.
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McClellan, Mimi. "Development of a Spanish Glossary for Pharmacists." The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624510.
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Class of 2006 Abstract<br>Objectives: To develop a glossary of words useful to pharmacists when counseling patients in Spanish and assess the usefulness of this glossary.
Methods: This was a descriptive study using a questionnaire to assess the usefulness of a Spanish glossary developed to aid in counseling Spanish speaking patients. Pharmacy students from the College of Pharmacy were targeted to provide a formative evaluation by filling out a survey to evaluate the Spanish glossary. A mean usefulness score was calculated to determine if the Spanish glossary was useful. The data was divided into two groups based on the participants’ knowledge of the Spanish language to see if there was a difference between the groups. In addition, categorical descriptive data was analyzed.
Results: The groups were very similar. There was no difference in how the groups rated the glossary. Over all, both groups liked rated the glossary highly. Most people had no suggestions for adding any vocabulary, and few changes were suggested.
Conclusions: A Spanish glossary organized into sections on a single sheet of paper was found to be favorably rated in its usefulness by people with varying levels of Spanish knowledge.
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Lamhang, Brian, Ae Ri Lee, Shannon Lim, David Apgar, Chanadda Chinthammit, and Terri Warholak. "Medication Identification Rates by Pharmacists and Nurses." The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614196.
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Class of 2014 Abstract<br>Specific Aims: To assess and compare prescribing error-identification rates by healthcare professionals Methods: Pharmacists and nurses from Northwest Medical Center were invited to participate in this study. Participants completed a questionnaire that consisted of 10 fictitious patient prescriptions. They were asked to evaluate the accuracy of the prescriptions and indicated the type of error found, if any. The number of correctly identified prescribing errors, correct types of errors, and error identification rates for each group were calculated. Rasch analysis was used to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Wilcoxon and Rasch-Welch t-test were used to assess the difference in prescribing error-identification rates. Main Results: Thirty-five out of 700 nurses and 6 out of 20 pharmacists completed the questionnaire (response rate 5% and 30% respectively). Pharmacists had significantly higher error-identification rates compared to nurses (p = 0.0001). Additionally, pharmacists were able to correctly identify the type of error in each prescription (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Pharmacists were significantly able to correctly identify more prescribing errors and more types of prescribing errors in 10 fictitious prescriptions compared to nurses. Several assumptions and limitations were identified in this study, therefore future studies are warranted.
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Smith, Harriet K. "Adherence to ethical standards: Pharmacists as experts." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/127834/1/Harriet_Smith_Thesis.pdf.
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Credence goods are characterised by qualities of products that cannot be detected by consumers before their use, preventing them from assessing beforehand the true experienced utility. This study aims to apply the credence goods framework to the joint diagnosis-treatment in the sale of over-the-counter medicines in a real world setting. The presence of inefficiencies was studied through a unique sample (394 observations) of OTC pharmaceutical purchases in a controlled Australian field setting. This study provides first evidence from a simulated patient experiment on the provision of advice and pharmaceuticals using the credence goods framework in Australia. The results indicate there are significant inefficiencies present through over- and under-treatment, overselling and diagnostic failure. The analysis found that pharmacies were engaging in strategic overselling as a substitute for overcharging strategies which were not attainable due to institutional conditions.
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Shah, Surbhi. "Perceptions of Medical Students on Pharmacists provided Counseling Services and Collaboration with Pharmacists using the Theory of Planned Behavior." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1384471557.
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Lahrman, Rebecca M. "Improving Bidirectional Communication: The Effect of a Warm-Handoff Transfer Between Ambulatory Pharmacists and Community Pharmacists for High-Risk Patients." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1562923386274222.
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Lloyd-Williams, Ffion. "Health education provision through community pharmacies : an investigation of current practice and future potential." Thesis, Keele University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325856.
Texto completoResumen
This thesis reports an examination of the current and potential future role of community pharmacists in the provision of health education. It explores what health education services are currently offered by pharmacists and how these might be developed in the future; it examines the extent to which pharmacy clients use these services and establishes what additional services clients want; it describes the development and implementation of four `intervention modes' of providing health education in pharmacies. The main findings emerging from this study are as follows: a. Currently, all pharmacists provide some health education, primarily through the passive display of health information leaflets. Most pharmacists intend to develop their health education activities, but are mindful of factors that hinder this development. b. Clients claim to be interested in the health information leaflets available in their pharmacies, yet few actually use them. Thus, this mode of health education has little positive impact. Health-related advice, as another health education service, is widely given in connection with the dispensing of medicines but rarely extends beyond the information already printed on packages. Advice given in connection with clients' enquiry about non-prescription medicines, though more informative, is usually coloured by pharmacists' commercial interests. c. Generally, clients are positively inclined towards receiving advice from pharmacists, but expect this to relate to a wider range of issues and to be of higher quality than is currently the case. The provision of diagnostic testing plays a very limited role in pharmacists' health education work. d. The four intervention modes sought to promote the uptake of health information leaflets by clients, and to encourage them to seek pharmacists' advice on health matters. All resulted in an increased leaflet uptake, with three also producing a creditable level of clients seeking advice. The study has generated useful information about the current state of affairs in the provision of health education by pharmacies and about how this provision can be developed to make it more effective.
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Braybrook, Saran. "Rationalising prescribing advice in primary care : impact of different outreach strategies." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364942.
Texto completo
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Smith, Alan John. "NHS renumeration for community pharmacists 1970 to 1990." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261537.
Texto completo
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Altman, Iben Lysdal. "Pharmacists' perceptions of the nature of pharmacy practice." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2017. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/16602961-863b-45b6-878e-4f5d538d280f.
Texto completoResumen
The pharmacy profession is formed of different sectors. The two main ones are community and hospital pharmacists. Sociologists have examined if community pharmacists are a profession or not as a result of their marginalised role in healthcare and links with commerce. Few sociological studies have included hospital pharmacists. This study engaged with the theories from the sociology of the professions such as the neo-Weberian social closure perspective, professions as an interrelated system and Foucault’s concept of knowledge and power to explore the nature of pharmacy practice in healthcare in England, United Kingdom. Its purpose was to reveal new insights into pharmacists’ perceptions of the nature of pharmacy practice linking this to their status in society. This qualitative collective case study consisted of four cases studies. Each case study included five pharmacists from community pharmacy, acute hospital, mental health or community health services, respectively. A total of twenty pharmacists were included. Only pharmacists registered for 5 years or more, who had worked in the relevant healthcare setting for at least 2 years and provided written consent were entered. Data were obtained from one in-depth individual semi-structured interview using a guide covering how they viewed their practice, contributions made to healthcare, their future and how others viewed pharmacists. Each pharmacist was asked to complete a diary for 5 days to include any positive contributions or frustrations experienced. The data for each case were analysed using inductive thematic analysis followed by a cross-case analysis. Five themes were identified; (i) the hidden healthcare profession, (ii) important relationships, (iii) pharmaceutical surveillance, (iv) re-professionalisation strategies and (v) two different professions. The core function defining the pharmacy profession is pharmaceutical surveillance, shifting the sociological understanding of pharmacists’ practice away from dispensing. There is an internal split between community pharmacists and pharmacists in other healthcare settings due to differences in practice, re-professionalisation strategies and relationships with doctors including lacking ideological professional solidarity. Pharmacists are not recognised as healthcare professionals by the public but as ‘typical community pharmacists’ with an image as shopkeepers. Pharmacists interpret professionalism as a controlling rather than an enabling ideology. The status of pharmacists in society today remains unclear.
30
Al-Nagar, Ahmed. "An exploration of consultation skills in community pharmacists." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/53369/.
Texto completoResumen
Background: The role of the community pharmacist has evolved from compounding and dispensing to providing patient focused services which require more patient interaction. Previous research has described pharmacist consultation skills as not optimal or patient centred. The aim of the thesis was to add an in depth understanding about the possible reasons behind this. Method: The thesis comprises three studies; the first study used focus groups to investigate community pharmacists’ experiences and perceptions of their consultations with patients. The second study was the first nationwide questionnaire based study to investigate consultation skills training received by community pharmacists. The final study was a feasibility study to investigate the use of an innovative interactional-analysis methodology known as the Roter Interactional Analysis to audio recorded community pharmacy consultations. Results: The results showed while community pharmacists enjoy speaking to patients, a number of factors limit the quality of these interactions. The nationwide questionnaire results indicates that a large number of community pharmacists have not had any formal consultation skills training and seek more advanced consultation skills training. Analysis showed consultation skills training could influence confidence and had a positive impact on the delivery of more patient facing services. The use of an interactional analysis system is a useful tool to develop future consultation skills training in community pharmacy. Conclusion: The thesis has provided a more in depth understanding of the consultation based challenges facing community pharmacists, community pharmacy as a profession and researchers investigating pharmacist-patient interaction. It has also identified many areas which require further development if community pharmacists are going to undertake high quality consultations. It will be important for these to be fully considered if any future proposed changes to community pharmacy roles are to be successful.
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Okumoto, Kaci, and Harumi Sanagawa. "Assessment of Japanese Pharmacists’ Perceptions towards Community Pharmacy." The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624766.
Texto completoResumen
Class of 2005 Abstract<br>Objectives: The objectives of this study were to 1) describe Japanese pharmacists’ perceptions about community pharmacy on a variety of issues and 2) compare the perceptions between different groups.
Methods: A questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of community pharmacists in the Tokyo metropolitan area and Hiroshima prefecture. Pharmacists were surveyed on various issues such as job satisfaction, the separation of prescribing and dispensing, their relationship with patients and physicians, and pharmacy education. A five-point Likert scale was used to measure responses.
Results: One hundred forty-four questionnaires were completed. Eighty-four percent of respondents were female, 37.5% had more than ten years of practice experience, and 81.9% worked in Tokyo. Japanese community pharmacists are neutral or satisfied with their jobs. However, respondents were not satisfied with the current state of community pharmacy in Japan (2.81 + 0.83), did not feel respected by patients (2.74 + 0.99) and physicians (1.99 + 0.95), felt that four years of education was not enough to provide adequate patient care (1.96 + 1.01), and would like to do more clinical oriented activities (3.77 + 0.84). Significant differences were found in some responses between groups such as males versus females and pharmacists with more versus less than ten years of practice experience.
Conclusions: Respondents were not satisfied with the current state of community pharmacy in Japan. Areas that could use improvement are respect from patients and physicians, involvement in clinical activities, and assistance at work. Significant differences were found in the perceptions of the groups studied.
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Garrett, Timothy Stuart. "Factors influencing hospital pharmacists reporting of medication errors." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17179.
Texto completoResumen
Over a decade ago, the Institute of Medicine report “to err is human” focused widespread public and healthcare attention on avoidable patient harm from medication misadventure. Subsequently, the reporting of medication errors has become established as a principal safety initiative to inform strategies to reduce patient harm. However the under-reporting of error compromises this objective, with international estimates suggesting less than 1% of errors are reported. Within Australia, hospitals pharmacists’ are often central to the coordination and implementation of medication safety improvements. As a result, the under-reporting of error by pharmacists’ is likely to be an important omission in our ability to understand and minimise harm. Despite earlier research assessing the attitudes of other health professions, little is known about the factors influencing hospital pharmacists’ reporting of medication error. Our investigations have included the identification of key modifiable barriers to error reporting and the development and implementation of a streamlined web-based error reporting system to mitigate these key disincentives. This reporting tool produced a sustained increase in pharmacist initiated error reports, enabled quantification of the frequency of under-reporting, and a more detailed understanding of the ‘nature’ of errors as perceived by pharmacists’. However, there was wide variation in the use of this streamlined reporting tool even after accounting for a range of factors identified as influencing its use in the workplace. These observations generated further investigation into the contribution of ‘non-traditional’ drivers of variation in practice, such as ‘profiling’ of individual pharmacists’ error reports, and perspectives of workplace ‘safety culture’. 12 In our investigation across a range of public hospitals we observed that hospital pharmacy staff identify with a positive safety culture, with this overall perception influenced by factors including; hospital type, professional group (within pharmacy) and by individual staff affiliation with professional organisations. Participants ‘decisively’ reported a positive culture for ‘identifying the causes of safety incidents’ and ‘incident reporting’ but there remained significant individual variation in reporting behaviours. Upon exploring clinical practice variation further, we identified more complex and diverse individual ‘profiles’ of pharmacists’ medication error reporting than would have been expected from the commonly reported ’overview’ of medication error reports. Taken collectively our investigations support aspects of earlier research from the medical and nursing professions, with traditional workplace factors influencing hospital pharmacists’ reporting of medication error. However, there remains significant variation in clinical practice with is not fully explained by functional aspects of the workplace or its safety culture. These findings provide a rationale for further investigation into non-workplace factors that drive individual behavior, such as; personality ‘traits’, beliefs and values, and their influence on medication error reporting.
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Kritikos, Vicky. "INNOVATIVE ASTHMA MANAGEMENT BY COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS IN AUSTRALIA." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2064.
Texto completoResumen
Excerpt Chapter 2 - A review of the literature has revealed that asthma management practices in the Australian community are currently suboptimal resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. In adolescent asthma there are added challenges, with problems of self-image, denial and non-adherence to therapy where self-management skills assume a greater importance (Forero et al 1996, Price 1996, Brook and Tepper 1997, Buston and Wood 2000, Kyngäs et al 2000). In rural and remote areas in Australia, asthma management practices have been shown to be poorer and mortality rates from asthma are considerably higher compared to metropolitan areas (AIHW ACAM 2005, AIHW 2006). Limited access and chronic shortages of specialist services in rural areas are shifting the burden more and more towards the primary sector (AIHW 2006). It becomes paramount that people with asthma in rural settings become involved in self-management of their asthma and that community based health care providers be more proactive in facilitating these self-management behaviours by appropriate education and counselling. Health promotion activities, which are a broad range of activities including health education, have been acknowledged as having the potential to improve the health status of rural populations (National Rural Health Alliance 2002). Community pharmacy settings have been shown to be effective sites for the delivery of health promotion, screening and education programs (Anderson 2000, Elliott et al 2002, Cote et al 2003, Hourihan et al 2003, Watson et al 2003, Boyle et al 2004, Goode et al 2004, Paluck et al 2004, Sunderland et al 2004, Chambers et al 2005, Saini et al 2006). In the case of asthma, outreach programs have been shown to have beneficial effects in terms of reducing hospital admissions and emergency visits and improved asthma outcomes (Greineder et al 1995, Stout et al 1998, Kelly et al 2000, Legorreta et al 2000, Lin et al 2004). We proposed to extend the role of the community pharmacist beyond the traditional realm of the “pharmacy” into the community in rural Australia with the first asthma outreach programs designed for community pharmacy. The outreach programs were designed to include two health promotion strategies, the first targeting adolescents in high schools and the second targeting the general community. The project aimed firstly, to assess the feasibility of using community pharmacists to deliver two asthma outreach programs, one targeting adolescents and one for the wider community in a rural area and secondly, to assess the programs’ impact on adolescent asthma knowledge and requests for information at the community pharmacy. Excerpt Chapter 3 - Patient education is one of the six critical elements to successful long-term asthma management included in international and national asthma management guidelines, which have emphasised education as a process underpinning the understanding associated with appropriate medication use, the need for regular review, and self-management on the part of the person with asthma (Boulet et al 1999, National Asthma Council 2002, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program 2002, British Thoracic Society 2003, NHLBI/WHO 2005). The ongoing process of asthma education is considered necessary for helping people with asthma gain the knowledge, skills, confidence and motivation to control their own asthma. Since most health care professionals are key providers of asthma education, their knowledge of asthma and asthma management practices often needs to be updated through continuing education. This is to ensure that the education provided to the patient conforms to best practice guidelines. Moreover, health care professionals need to tailor this education to the patients’ needs and determine if the education provided results in an improvement in asthma knowledge. A review of the literature has revealed that a number of questionnaires have been developed that assess the asthma knowledge of parents of children with asthma (Parcel et al 1980, Fitzclarence and Henry 1990, Brook et al 1993, Moosa and Henley 1997, Ho et al 2003), adults with asthma (Wigal et al 1993, Allen and Jones 1998, Allen et al 2000, Bertolotti et al 2001), children with asthma (Parcel et al 1980, Wade et al 1997), or the general public (Grant et al 1999). However, the existing asthma knowledge questionnaires have several limitations. The only validated asthma knowledge questionnaire was developed in 1990 and hence, out of date with current asthma management guidelines (Fitzclarence and Henry 1990). The shortcomings of the other knowledge questionnaires relate to the lack of evidence of the validity (Wade et al 1997, Grant et al 1999, Bertolotti et al 2001), being outdated 81 with current concepts of asthma (Parcel et al 1980) or having been tested on small or inadequately characterised subject samples e.g. subject samples consisting of mainly middle class and well educated parents (Brook et al 1993, Wigal et al 1993, Moosa and Henley 1997, Allen and Jones 1998, Allen et al 2000, Ho et al 2003). Furthermore, most of the published asthma knowledge questionnaires have been designed to assess the asthma knowledge of the consumer (i.e. a lay person with asthma or a parent/carer of a person with asthma). There is no questionnaire specifically developed to assess the asthma knowledge of health care professionals, who are key providers of asthma education. It is hence important to have a reliable and validated instrument to be able to assess education needs and to measure the impact of training programs on asthma knowledge of health care professionals as well. An asthma knowledge questionnaire for health care professionals might also be used to gauge how successful dissemination and implementation of guidelines have been. Excerpt Chapter 4 - Asthma self-management education for adults that includes information about asthma and self-management, self-monitoring, a written action plan and regular medical review has been shown to be effective in improving asthma outcomes (Gibson et al 1999). These interventions have been delivered mostly in a hospital setting and have utilised individual and/or group formats. Fewer interventions have been delivered in a primary care setting, usually by qualified practice nurses and/or general practitioners or asthma educators and, to date, their success has not been established (Fay et al 2002, Gibson et al 2003). Community pharmacy provides a strategic venue for the provision of patient education about asthma. Traditionally, patient education provided by community pharmacists has been individualised. However, group education has been shown to be as effective as individualised education with the added benefits of being simpler, more cost effective and better received by patients and educators (Wilson et al 1993, Wilson 1997). While small group education has been shown to improve asthma outcomes (Snyder et al 1987, Bailey et al 1990, Wilson et al 1993, Yoon et al 1993, Allen et al 1995, Kotses et al 1995, Berg et al 1997, de Oliveira et al 1999, Marabini et al 2002), to date, no small-group asthma education provided by pharmacists in the community pharmacy setting has been implemented and evaluated.
34
Kritikos, Vicky. "INNOVATIVE ASTHMA MANAGEMENT BY COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS IN AUSTRALIA." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2064.
Texto completoResumen
Doctor of Philosophy<br>Excerpt Chapter 2 - A review of the literature has revealed that asthma management practices in the Australian community are currently suboptimal resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. In adolescent asthma there are added challenges, with problems of self-image, denial and non-adherence to therapy where self-management skills assume a greater importance (Forero et al 1996, Price 1996, Brook and Tepper 1997, Buston and Wood 2000, Kyngäs et al 2000). In rural and remote areas in Australia, asthma management practices have been shown to be poorer and mortality rates from asthma are considerably higher compared to metropolitan areas (AIHW ACAM 2005, AIHW 2006). Limited access and chronic shortages of specialist services in rural areas are shifting the burden more and more towards the primary sector (AIHW 2006). It becomes paramount that people with asthma in rural settings become involved in self-management of their asthma and that community based health care providers be more proactive in facilitating these self-management behaviours by appropriate education and counselling. Health promotion activities, which are a broad range of activities including health education, have been acknowledged as having the potential to improve the health status of rural populations (National Rural Health Alliance 2002). Community pharmacy settings have been shown to be effective sites for the delivery of health promotion, screening and education programs (Anderson 2000, Elliott et al 2002, Cote et al 2003, Hourihan et al 2003, Watson et al 2003, Boyle et al 2004, Goode et al 2004, Paluck et al 2004, Sunderland et al 2004, Chambers et al 2005, Saini et al 2006). In the case of asthma, outreach programs have been shown to have beneficial effects in terms of reducing hospital admissions and emergency visits and improved asthma outcomes (Greineder et al 1995, Stout et al 1998, Kelly et al 2000, Legorreta et al 2000, Lin et al 2004). We proposed to extend the role of the community pharmacist beyond the traditional realm of the “pharmacy” into the community in rural Australia with the first asthma outreach programs designed for community pharmacy. The outreach programs were designed to include two health promotion strategies, the first targeting adolescents in high schools and the second targeting the general community. The project aimed firstly, to assess the feasibility of using community pharmacists to deliver two asthma outreach programs, one targeting adolescents and one for the wider community in a rural area and secondly, to assess the programs’ impact on adolescent asthma knowledge and requests for information at the community pharmacy. Excerpt Chapter 3 - Patient education is one of the six critical elements to successful long-term asthma management included in international and national asthma management guidelines, which have emphasised education as a process underpinning the understanding associated with appropriate medication use, the need for regular review, and self-management on the part of the person with asthma (Boulet et al 1999, National Asthma Council 2002, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program 2002, British Thoracic Society 2003, NHLBI/WHO 2005). The ongoing process of asthma education is considered necessary for helping people with asthma gain the knowledge, skills, confidence and motivation to control their own asthma. Since most health care professionals are key providers of asthma education, their knowledge of asthma and asthma management practices often needs to be updated through continuing education. This is to ensure that the education provided to the patient conforms to best practice guidelines. Moreover, health care professionals need to tailor this education to the patients’ needs and determine if the education provided results in an improvement in asthma knowledge. A review of the literature has revealed that a number of questionnaires have been developed that assess the asthma knowledge of parents of children with asthma (Parcel et al 1980, Fitzclarence and Henry 1990, Brook et al 1993, Moosa and Henley 1997, Ho et al 2003), adults with asthma (Wigal et al 1993, Allen and Jones 1998, Allen et al 2000, Bertolotti et al 2001), children with asthma (Parcel et al 1980, Wade et al 1997), or the general public (Grant et al 1999). However, the existing asthma knowledge questionnaires have several limitations. The only validated asthma knowledge questionnaire was developed in 1990 and hence, out of date with current asthma management guidelines (Fitzclarence and Henry 1990). The shortcomings of the other knowledge questionnaires relate to the lack of evidence of the validity (Wade et al 1997, Grant et al 1999, Bertolotti et al 2001), being outdated 81 with current concepts of asthma (Parcel et al 1980) or having been tested on small or inadequately characterised subject samples e.g. subject samples consisting of mainly middle class and well educated parents (Brook et al 1993, Wigal et al 1993, Moosa and Henley 1997, Allen and Jones 1998, Allen et al 2000, Ho et al 2003). Furthermore, most of the published asthma knowledge questionnaires have been designed to assess the asthma knowledge of the consumer (i.e. a lay person with asthma or a parent/carer of a person with asthma). There is no questionnaire specifically developed to assess the asthma knowledge of health care professionals, who are key providers of asthma education. It is hence important to have a reliable and validated instrument to be able to assess education needs and to measure the impact of training programs on asthma knowledge of health care professionals as well. An asthma knowledge questionnaire for health care professionals might also be used to gauge how successful dissemination and implementation of guidelines have been. Excerpt Chapter 4 - Asthma self-management education for adults that includes information about asthma and self-management, self-monitoring, a written action plan and regular medical review has been shown to be effective in improving asthma outcomes (Gibson et al 1999). These interventions have been delivered mostly in a hospital setting and have utilised individual and/or group formats. Fewer interventions have been delivered in a primary care setting, usually by qualified practice nurses and/or general practitioners or asthma educators and, to date, their success has not been established (Fay et al 2002, Gibson et al 2003). Community pharmacy provides a strategic venue for the provision of patient education about asthma. Traditionally, patient education provided by community pharmacists has been individualised. However, group education has been shown to be as effective as individualised education with the added benefits of being simpler, more cost effective and better received by patients and educators (Wilson et al 1993, Wilson 1997). While small group education has been shown to improve asthma outcomes (Snyder et al 1987, Bailey et al 1990, Wilson et al 1993, Yoon et al 1993, Allen et al 1995, Kotses et al 1995, Berg et al 1997, de Oliveira et al 1999, Marabini et al 2002), to date, no small-group asthma education provided by pharmacists in the community pharmacy setting has been implemented and evaluated.
35
Rowe, Kelly. "White and minority ethnic women pharmacists' employment choices." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549001.
Texto completo
36
Gilliam, Holly, Ivy Click, J. A. Basden, R. Carico, H. Flippin, C. Murray, and Nicholas E. Hagemeier. "Community Pharmacists’ Engagement in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Prevention." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1445.
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Hagemeier, Nicholas E., and Karilynn Dowling. "Community Pharmacists and Harm Reduction: Evidence and Opportunities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5421.
Texto completoResumen
Harm reduction is a concept that has gained momentum as it relates to prevention of negative consequences of drug use. Some harm reduction approaches, such as naloxone provision, have garnered significant support, whereas others, such as providing access to clean syringes, are the exception as opposed the rule. Evidence suggests there is significant variation in harm reduction behaviors among providers, including community pharmacists. Community pharmacies are one of the most accessible points for healthcare; approximately 90% of U.S. residents live within five miles of a pharmacy. Therefore, pharmacies have a great opportunity to promote and engage their communities in harm reduction approaches. This session will examine evidence-based harm reduction approaches that can be employed in community pharmacies. The presenters will use their syringe dispensing research conducted across three states to describe the current harm reduction climate in community pharmacies. During this interactive session, participants will discuss scenarios in which they are encouraged to evaluate their own attitudes and beliefs toward non-Rx syringe sales, naloxone dispensing and other harm reduction strategies while taking a look at the impact of state level policies on these approaches. The session will be targeted to practicing pharmacists, coalition leaders and harm reduction stakeholders.
38
Waddell, Jason J. "The personality traits and skills of Australian pharmacists." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/213206/1/Jason_Waddell_Thesis.pdf.
Texto completoResumen
This study evaluated the personality traits and skills of Australian Pharmacists to better understand factors that may influence the implementation of pharmacy practice change. Using theoretical frameworks of personality and advanced practice, this research evaluated the personality traits of Australian Pharmacists and pharmacy students, evaluated the leadership domain of an advanced pharmacy practice framework, and included interviews of pharmacists implementing prescribing models of care in the Queensland public hospitals. Implementing new pharmacy practice models of care is complex and is the confluence of a pharmacist’s personality, skills and the context in which they are working.
39
Okada, Hiroshi. "Effects of lifestyle advice provided by pharmacists on blood pressure: The COMmunity Pharmacists ASSist for Blood Pressure (COMPASS-BP) randomized trial." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232311.
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Salgado, Crystal. "Assessing Mental Health Stigma Between Rural and Urban Pharmacists." The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624211.
Texto completoResumen
Class of 2017 Abstract<br>Objectives: To explore whether rural pharmacists express more stigmatized attitudes towards patients with psychiatric disorders, compared to their urban counterparts.
Methods: Data was collected from participants attending the AzPA Southwestern Clinical Pharmacy Seminar during a weekend in February, 2015, using a questionnaire adapted from the Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes (MICA) Scale v4. The questionnaire consisted of demographic and attitude assessment questions regarding patients suffering from psychiatric disorders across different domains (quality of life, fear of patients, admitting to having a psychiatric disorder, and more). Participants were also asked if they would be interested in taking a continuing education course on mental health.
Results: The majority of participants that completed the study were women (75%) and identified racially as white (89%). Pharmacists practice settings were as follows: 79% of pharmacists worked in urban areas and 21% in rural areas. Rural pharmacists displayed significantly higher rates of stigmatized attitudes compared to their urban peers (mean scale score 37.65 vs. 40.15, p=0.049).
Conclusions: Pharmacists that practice in rural settings expressed more stigmatized attitudes, compared to their urban counterparts, towards patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders.
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Hillman, Tara, and Ann Kerschen. "Job Satisfaction Among Staff, Clinical, and Integrated Hospital Pharmacists." The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624466.
Texto completoResumen
Class of 2006 Abstract<br>Objectives: To determine whether staff, clinical, or integrated hospital pharmacists have greater job satisfaction and to determine if sex, age, number of years worked as a pharmacist, or academic degree result in changes in job satisfaction.
Methods: A prospective quasi-experimental study was performed by distributing
job satisfaction questionnaires to pharmacists working in inpatient locations at two hospitals. The surveys contained a pre-addressed, pre-postage paid envelope for the respondents to mail the completed questionnaires to the investigators.
Results: Questionnaires were completed by 38 subjects (mean age = 38.36). Fourteen pharmacists who spent 0 to 40 percent of their time in clinical activities were categorized as staff pharmacists, 10 who spent 41 to 60 percent of their time in clinical activities were integrated, and 14 who spent greater than 61 percent of their time in clinical activities were clinical pharmacists. Overall each category of pharmacists reported mean satisfaction scores above 2.5, indicating that all are satisfied in their jobs. However, differences were seen in the amount of satisfaction. When it came to work environment and professional interaction, integrated pharmacists were more satisfied than staff pharmacists (p=0.026 and p=0.000, respectively). When it came to professional interaction and personal outlook, clinical pharmacists were more satisfied than staff pharmacist (p=0.001 for both).
Conclusions: Job satisfaction is directly related to the number of clinical activities performed. Integrated and clinical pharmacists are both more satisfied than staff pharmacists.
42
Jones, Rhian Elisabeth. "An exploratory qualitative study of pharmacists as supplementary prescribers." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55441/.
Texto completoResumen
Supplementary prescribing has already been implemented in a number of settings, will benefit patient care and empower pharmacists to take ownership of their prescribing decisions. The pharmacists' role will further be enhanced with the advent of independent prescribing. These are exciting times for pharmacy with the pharmacists in this study pioneering the new role in Wales.
43
Mullan, Kenneth. "The re-interpretation of the professional responsibilities of pharmacists." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4483/.
Texto completoResumen
An analysis of judicial attitudes in the United States of America towards pharmacist responsibility has shown distinct patterns or trends. Early cases set the standards for pharmacists at a high professional level. The courts later restricted liability to technical inaccuracy in prescription processing. More recently, the judiciary is recognising the necessity to apply standards appropriate to the pharmacist’s new roles and functions. A legislative gloss to these developments has been provided in the United States of America by the enactment of legislation which seeks to recognise professional roles, enhance pharmacy practice standards and improve the outcome of drug therapy for patients, by bettering patient compliance with drug regimes. There is a current expectation, particularly on the part of the public, but also on the part of health care policy makers, that pharmacists have a responsibility to detect problems with prescribed medications, and that to fail in this responsibility is a direct threat to the public health. The new expectations of drug therapy and the parallel anticipation of the participants in drug therapy have created a new duty on the part of the pharmacist, to intervene and promote the patient’s best interests. In this thesis, it is argued that this perspective is a reasonable one. Pharmacists ought to detect and prevent problems with drug therapy. The public should be disappointed if a profession, a government-sanctioned monopoly, has the ability to improve the public health but fails to do so. In turn, courts (and a legislature) that refuse to recognise expanded responsibilities for pharmacists, and that fail to impose corresponding expanded liabilities for the failure to meet a responsibility, are perpetuating an outdated view of pharmacy practice based on an incomplete understanding of the medication use system. There are solid policy reasons for imposing a higher standard for pharmacists that includes, but goes beyond, mere technical accuracy in order processing. In turn, there are limits to what pharmacists can reasonably be expected to do, and a legal system exploring the subject of expanded pharmacist responsibility should be aware of those limits.
44
Fink, Rebecca Jane 1951. "ATTITUDINAL AND BEHAVIORAL COMMITMENT OF MALE AND FEMALE PHARMACISTS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291612.
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Potter, Helen. "Revalidation : identifying performance criteria for pharmacists and pharmacy technicians." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.698182.
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Potnis, Priyanka Shirish. "Ohio Pharmacists’ Perceptions of Over-the-Counter Drug Advertising." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1353036130.
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Brinkerhoff, Andrew J. "Patient Perceptions of Medication Counseling Provided by Community Pharmacists." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1470423191.
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Salem, Martin. "Vaccination as a part of the pharmacists’ professional role." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445222.
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Background: Vaccines is currently only allowed to be administrated by nurses and doctors in Sweden. Since a few years back pharmacies have started to employ nurses hourly in order provide additional vaccination service for the customers. Aim: The aim was to examine pharmacists´ thoughts regarding implementing vaccination as a part of their daily work in Sweden. The main questions in the study were identifying factors that could influence their thoughts and decisions regarding that matter. Methods: A online survey containing 27 questions divided into four categories was created and distributed using google forms. Both the time required to answer the survey and the content of the questions was validated before distribution. The survey was distributed to licensed pharmacists within Kronans Apotek in Sweden on 24-november 2020, answers was accepted for 11 days. The data was analyzed mainly with descriptive statistics and Persons Chi-squared test. Results: A total of 411 forms was returned (44% response rate).The majority of respondents (71%) were either positive or neutral regarding administration of vaccine. In comparison to other age groups, pharmacists aged 20-30 years was more willing to accept vaccination in the professional role. Men (61%) were more willing to implement vaccination than women (46%). Regarding work experience, lowest portion respondents willing to vaccinate was found within the first 2 years and after 20 years of work experience. The fear of needles (25%), increased workload (13%), unexpected allergic reactions(16%) and vaccination not being within the pharmacists’ type of task (21%) was given of the respondents as the most common reasons to not wanting to vaccinate. Conclusions: Despite the mentioned hinders the overall attitude regarding implementation of vaccination was considered positive, specially by men and by younger respondents. None of the other factor was shown to have any huge impact on the respondents regarding that matter.
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Hesselbacher, Elizabeth, Aaron Pié, and Aimee Quesnel. "Student Pharmacists’ Attitudes Regarding Direct-To-Consumer Advertising (DTCA)." The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623964.
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Class of 2009 Abstract<br>OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to expand the current knowledge regarding opinions about the consequences of DTCA, specifically in terms of their implications for pharmacy practice. We evaluated this by examining student pharmacist attitudes toward DTCA and their perception of its practical ramifications as they progressed through pharmacy coursework. We also compared attitudes of student pharmacists’ with those of practicing pharmacists’ as previously published.
METHODS: Students at the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, enrolled in their 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year of coursework, completed a questionnaire with 16 Likert-scale items soliciting levels of agreement with statements regarding DTCA. Two direct questions about overall support for DTCA and experience with patient questions regarding DTCA were included. Demographic data was also collected.
RESULTS: No difference was found between groups of students with respect to attitudinal statements regarding DTCA when analyzed by ANOVA (p>0.05). Similar results were found for overall support for DTCA as analyzed by Chi-square (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in overall support for DTCA between students and pharmacists when assessed by Chi-square (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacists are more likely to not support DTCA, whereas student pharmacists are more likely to be uncertain of whether or not they support it. An obvious difference between these groups is practice experience, which probably increases exposure to DTCA. Though it is difficult to discern the cause of this difference in opinion, it may suggest a link between experience and attitudes toward advertising policy.
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Campbell, Charlotte, Allen Ashley Van, and Erin Vincent. "Skin Cancer Knowledge and Prevention Counseling among Arizona Pharmacists." The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623972.
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Class of 2009 Abstract<br>OBJECTIVES: Skin cancer is particularly prevalent in Arizona, with incidence rates ranking number two worldwide. Pharmacists are useful advocates for educating patients about the risks of skin cancer and methods of prevention. This study was conducted to assess pharmacists’ knowledge of skin cancer and their demographics and to evaluate how these factors impact skin cancer prevention patient counseling.
METHODS: Participants were recruited using a listserv from pharmacists that were members of the Arizona Pharmacy Alliance or preceptors of the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy. Subjects completed an online questionnaire consisting of knowledge- based questions, questions about patient counseling preferences and subject demographics.
RESULTS: The average score by pharmacists on the Skin Cancer and Sun Exposure Knowledge Indicator was 5.8 + 1.9. Pharmacists living in Arizona for longer times were more likely to know the minimum recommended SPF of sunscreen for adults to use when outdoors (p=0.003) and the factors associated with malignant melanoma prognosis/survival (p=0.004), but were less likely to know the definition of ABCD acronym (p=0.027). Having a family or friend diagnosed with any form of skin cancer or precancerous skin condition led to more pharmacists knowing the risk factors for developing melanoma (p=0.046) and knowing how often to apply water resistant sunscreen (p=0.035).
CONCLUSIONS: The length of pharmacy practice in Arizona and having a family member or close friend affected by skin cancer significantly impacted a pharmacists’ knowledge of skin cancer.