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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Phytophthora cinnamomi diseases Western Australia"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 26 de enero de 2023

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1

Moore, Nicole, Sarah Barrett, Kay Howard, Michael D. Craig, Barbara Bowen, Bryan Shearer, and Giles Hardy. "Time since fire and average fire interval are the best predictors of Phytophthora cinnamomi activity in heathlands of south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 62, no. 7 (2014): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt14188.

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Fires are features of ecological communities in much of Australia; however, very little is still known about the potential impact of fire on plant diseases in the natural environment. Phytophthora cinnamomi is an introduced soil-borne plant pathogen with a wide host range, affecting a large proportion of native plant species in Australia and other regions of the world, but its interaction with fire is poorly understood. An investigation of the effects of fire on P. cinnamomi activity was undertaken in the Stirling Range National Park of south-western Australia, where fire is used as a manageme

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2

Shearer, BL, and M. Dillon. "Impact and Disease Centre Characteristics of Phytophthora cinnamomi Infestations of Banksia Woodlands on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 1 (1996): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960079.

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Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands was isolated from either dead plants or soil at 46 disease centres in Banksia woodland at national parks and reserves on the Swan Coastal Plain. Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybridge & Lafferty was also isolated from roots of dead Acacia pulchella R.Br. in one disease centre infected with P. cinnamomi. Dead plants were infected with Armillaria luteobubalina Watling & Kile in four disease centres on the Spearwood Dune System, and these centres were excluded from further analysis. Phytophthora cinnamomi diseased areas ranged from 0.01 to 30 ha in size (mean 1.6

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3

Wilson, Barbara A., Katherine Zdunic, Janine Kinloch, and Graeme Behn. "Use of remote sensing to map occurrence and spread of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Banksia woodlands on the Gnangara Groundwater System, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 6 (2012): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt11305.

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The soilborne plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi is listed as one of the world’s 100 worst invasive alien species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The impacts on native flora and fauna habitats have been identified as a key threatening process in Australia. Identifying and mapping diseased vegetation and the rate of spread of the disease is required for management; however, this is often difficult and costly. This study investigated the ability of using a time series of orthophotos (1953–2008) in combination with Landsat satellite imagery, including trend analys

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4

Jung, T., and G. Dobler. "First Report of Littleleaf Disease Caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi on Pinus occidentalis in the Dominican Republic." Plant Disease 86, no. 11 (November 2002): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.11.1275c.

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Pinus occidentalis Sw. is an endemic species of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti). It shows an extreme ecological plasticity and grows on a wide range of soil types from 0 to 3,175 m in elevation with annual mean temperatures ranging from 6 to 25°C and annual precipitation of 800 to 2,300 mm. P. occidentalis is a major component of forests above 800 m in elevation and forms pure climax forests above 2,000 m (4). For more than 10 years, stands of P. occidentalis in the Sierra (Cordillera Central) growing on a wide range of site conditions have suffered from a ser

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5

McDougall, K. L., G. E. St J. Hardy, and R. J. Hobbs. "Additions to the host range of Phytophthora cinnamomi in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 49, no. 2 (2001): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt99028.

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Pathogenicity tests with Phytophthora cinnamomi were conducted on 25 perennial species from the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia. Most species tested had been found in a separate study to be scarce on sites affected by Phytophthora cinnamomi but frequently found in unaffected vegetation. Some species that were known to be field-tolerant of P. cinnamomi and some that were highly susceptible to infection were included in the study for comparison. Phytophthora cinnamomi was recorded from 13 of 17 species not previously known to be susceptible. Phytophthora cinnamomi was s

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6

Hart, R. M., D. Keast, and G. Smythe. "Metabolic stability of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands in Western Australia." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 10 (October 1, 1986): 820–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-150.

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Ten isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands from Western Australia were tested for metabolic variation using a commercial miniaturized biochemical system developed for bacteriology. The isolates included the two mating strains, and had been maintained in the laboratory for various times. The isolates were tested before and after repeated passaging on solid media. Statistical analysis of the biochemical results showed no major differences between the isolates, and for the most part they appear to be stable in cultivation. However, there were small passage effects on some of the media, particul

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7

McDougall, K. L., R. J. Hobbs, and G. E. St J. Hardy. "Distribution of understorey species in forest affected by Phytophthora cinnamomi in south-western Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 53, no. 8 (2005): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04203.

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The introduced soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands infects and kills a large number of species in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn. ex Smith) forest of Western Australia, causing great floristic and structural change. Many of the floristic changes can be explained simply by the known susceptibility of species to infection. Some common species, however, are rarely found at infested sites but are thought to be resistant to infection. It has been postulated that such species may be affected by the change in habitat caused by the death of trees, and not by P. cinnamomi directly.

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8

Shearer, B. L., C. E. Crane, and A. Cochrane. "Quantification of the susceptibility of the native flora of the South-West Botanical Province, Western Australia, to Phytophthora cinnamomi." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 4 (2004): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03131.

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This study compares, for the first time, variation in estimates of susceptibility of native flora to Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands among four databases and proposes an estimate of the proportion of the flora of the South-West Botanical Province of Western Australia that is susceptible to the pathogen. Estimates of the susceptibility of south-western native flora to P. cinnamomi infection were obtained from databases for Banksia woodland of the Swan Coastal Plain, jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn. ex Smith) forest, the Stirling Range National Park and Rare and Threatened Flora of Western Austra

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9

Boersma, J. G., D. E. L. Cooke, and K. Sivasithamparam. "A survey of wildflower farms in the south-west of Western Australia for Phytophthora spp. associated with root rots." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 7 (2000): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00013.

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A survey of wildflower farms in the south west of Western Australia, was conducted during spring of 1997 and autumn 1998 to determine the prevalence of Phytophthora infestations. Thirty-seven randomly selected farms ranging in size from 0.5 to =30 ha were visited. The main crop plants grown included species of Banksia, Boronia, Chamelaucium, Conospermum, Eucalyptus, Protea, and Leucadendron. Eighteen sites were found to have infestations of Phytophthora. Of these, 14 sites had P. cinnamomi, and 2 sites had P. cryptogea. P. cactorum, P. citricola and P. nicotianae were each found at only single

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10

Tynan, K. M., C. J. Wilkinson, J. M. Holmes, B. Dell, I. J. Colquhoun, J. A. McComb, and G. E. St J. Hardy. "The long-term ability of phosphite to control Phytophthora cinnamomi in two native plant communities of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 49, no. 6 (2001): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00062.

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This study examined the ability of foliar applications of the fungicide phosphite to contain colonisation of Phytophthora cinnamomi in a range of plant species growing in natural plant communities in the northern sandplain and jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of south-western Australia. Wound inoculation of plant stems with P. cinnamomi was used to determine the efficacy of phosphite over time after application. Colonisation by P. cinnamomi was reduced for 5–24 months after phosphite was applied, depending on the concentration of phosphite used, plant species treated and the time of phosph

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11

D'Souza, Nola K., Ian J. Colquhoun, Bryan L. Shearer, and Giles E. St J. Hardy. "The potential of five Western Australian native Acacia species for biological control of Phytophthora cinnamomi." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 2 (2004): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03089.

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Five Acacia species native to Western Australia were assessed for their potential to protect the highly susceptible species Banksia grandis Wield from infection by the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. In a rehabilitated bauxite pit at Jarrahdale 55 km south-east of Perth and in a glasshouse trial, B. grandis planted either alone or with A. pulchella R.Br., A. urophylla Benth., A. extensa Lindl., A. lateriticola Maslin or A. drummondii Lindl., was soil inoculated with P. cinnamomi. It could only be shown that A. pulchella significantly protected B. grandis from P. cinnamomi infectio

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12

Shearer, BL, and M. Dillon. "Susceptibility of Plant Species in Banksia Woodlands on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, to Infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 4 (1996): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960433.

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Estimates of the susceptibility of plant species in Banksia woodland to Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands were obtained by determining the incidence of plant death and frequency of isolation of the pathogen, among species occurring in 46 disease centres on the Swan Coastal Plain south of Perth, Western Australia. In the disease centres, dicotyledons outnumbered monocotyledons. About half of all species occurring in the disease centres were from four families of dicotyledons, with the largest number of species from the Myrtaceae, Proteaceae and Papilionaceae. The greatest number of species of monoco

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13

McDougall, K. L., R. J. Hobbs, and G. E. St Hardy. "Vegetation of Phytophthora cinnamomi-infested and adjoining uninfested sites in the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 3 (2002): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt01096.

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The vegetation of seven sites in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia infested with Phytophthora cinnamomi was recorded and compared with adjoining vegetation. The number of species per quadrat was found to be the same in vegetation affected by P. cinnamomi as in healthy vegetation, although there were more species overall in affected vegetation. Vegetation of uninfested sites had a higher cover and more species per quadrat of trees and shrubs and lower cover and fewer species per quadrat of annual plants than vegetation of infested sites. Although many species that are known to be

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14

El-Tarabily, Khaled A., Melissa L. Sykes, Ipek D. Kurtböke, Giles E. St J. Hardy, Aneli M. Barbosa, and Robert F. H. Dekker. "Synergistic effects of a cellulase-producing Micromonospora carbonacea and an antibiotic-producing Streptomyces violascens on the suppression of Phytophthora cinnamomi root rot of Banksia grandis." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-078.

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Three polyvalent Streptomyces phages were used to isolate four Micromonospora species (M. carbonacea, M. chalcea, M. purpureochromogenes, and M. inositola) from mine-site rhizosphere soils in Western Australia. Streptomyces violascens was isolated using selective isolation techniques from the same soils. The Micromonspora spp. were examined for their ability to produce cellulases. Micromonospora carbonacea, M. chalcea, and M. purpureochromogenes, which were found to produce the enzyme, caused lysis of Phytophthora cinnamomi hyphae. Glasshouse trials showed that the use of the cellulase-produci

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15

Shearer, B. L., C. E. Crane, S. Barrett, and A. Cochrane. "Phytophthora cinnamomi invasion, a major threatening process to conservation of flora diversity in the South-west Botanical Province of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 3 (2007): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06019.

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The invasive soilborne plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands is a major threatening process in the South-west Botanical Province of Western Australia, an internationally recognised biodiversity hotspot. Comparatively recent introduction of P. cinnamomi into native plant communities of the South-west Botanical Province of Western Australia since the early 1900s has caused great irreversible damage and altered successional change to a wide range of unique, diverse and mainly susceptible plant communities. The cost of P. cinnamomi infestation to community values is illustrated by examinatio

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16

McDougall, K. L., G. E. St J. Hardy, and R. J. Hobbs. "Distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi in the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia in relation to dieback age and topography." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 1 (2002): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt01040.

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The spatial distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands at seven dieback sites in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn. ex Smith) forest of Western Australia was determined by the following two baiting techniques: in situ baiting with live Banksia grandis Willd. seedlings and ex situ baiting of sampled soil and root material. Four areas within each site were sampled, reflecting dieback age and position in the landscape. Approximate dieback ages of 50, 20 and 5 years were determined by aerial photography. The 50-year-old age class was divided into wet valley floor and dry gravelly slope. Phyt

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17

Barrett, S., B. L. Shearer, C. E. Crane, and A. Cochrane. "An extinction-risk assessment tool for flora threatened by Phytophthora cinnamomi." Australian Journal of Botany 56, no. 6 (2008): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt07213.

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A risk-assessment tool was used to investigate the risk of extinction from disease caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi to 33 taxa from the Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia. Criteria used to score risk of extinction were the direct impact of P. cinnamomi on taxa, number of extant or extinct populations, percentage of populations infested by P. cinnamomi, proximity and topographical relationship of populations to P. cinnamomi, proximity of populations to tracks and the number of additional threatening processes. Direct impact scores were derived from mortality curves determined from

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18

WILLS, R. T. "The ecological impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi in the Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia." Austral Ecology 18, no. 2 (June 1993): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1993.tb00439.x.

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19

Hüberli, Daniel, Inez C. Tommerup, Mark P. Dobrowolski, Michael C. Calver, and Giles E. Hardy. "Phenotypic variation in a clonal lineage of two Phytophthora cinnamomi populations from Western Australia." Mycological Research 105, no. 9 (September 2001): 1053–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(08)61967-x.

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20

Burgess, T. I., J. Edwards, A. Drenth, T. Massenbauer, J. Cunnington, R. Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, Q. Dinh, et al. "Current status of Phytophthora in Australia." Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 47, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 151–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.05.

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Among the most economically relevant and environmentally devastating diseases globally are those caused by Phytophthora species. In Australia, production losses in agriculture and forestry results from several well-known cosmopolitan Phytophthora species and infestation of natural ecosystems by Phytophthora cinnamomi have caused irretrievable loss to biodiversity, especially in proteaceous dominated heathlands. For this review, all available records of Phytophthora in Australia were collated and curated, resulting in a database of 7869 records, of which 2957 have associated molecular data. Aus

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21

Khdiar, Mohammed Y., Paul A. Barber, Giles E. StJ Hardy, Chris Shaw, Emma J. Steel, Cameron McMains, and Treena I. Burgess. "Association of Phytophthora with Declining Vegetation in an Urban Forest Environment." Microorganisms 8, no. 7 (June 29, 2020): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8070973.

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Urban forests consist of various environments from intensely managed spaces to conservation areas and are often reservoirs of a diverse range of invasive pathogens due to their introduction through the nursery trade. Pathogens are likely to persist because the urban forest contains a mixture of native and exotic plant species, and the environmental conditions are often less than ideal for the trees. To test the impact of different land management approaches on the Phytophthora community, 236 discrete soil and root samples were collected from declining trees in 91 parks and nature reserves in J

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22

Howard, Kay, Ian J. Colquhoun, and Giles Hardy. "The potential of copper sulphate to control Phytophthora cinnamomi during bauxite mining in Western Australia." Australasian Plant Pathology 27, no. 1 (1998): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap98006.

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23

Murray, DIL. "Rhizosphere Microorganisms From the Jarrah Forest of Western Australia and Their Effects on Vegetative Growth and Sporulation in Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands." Australian Journal of Botany 35, no. 5 (1987): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9870567.

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Soil dilution plate techniques were used to compare the numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the rhizospheres of Acacia pulchella, Banksia grandis and Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah). The most frequently isolated microorganisms and those detected in significantly different numbers in the rhizospheres of the three species were tested for their effects on sporangium production, zoospore discharge, zoospore germination and mycelial growth of the jarrah dieback pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. The total population of fungi in rhizosphere soil from B. grandis was much greater than that fou

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24

Gerritse, RG, JA Adeney, G. Baird, and I. Colquhoun. "The reaction of copper ions and hypochlorite with minesite soils in relation to fungicidal activity." Soil Research 30, no. 5 (1992): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920723.

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Phytophthora cinnamomi is a soil-borne pathogenic fungus and is the primary cause of dieback disease in the jarrah forests of south-west Western Australia. Treatments are needed to eliminate the fungus from infected soils. Compounds containing cupric ions (Cu2+) or hypochlorite (ClO-) have a known fungicidal activity against P. cinnamomi, but their efficacy is affected by soil factors. This study explores the possibility of containing P. cinnamomi by treatment of surface materials for haul roads at minesites in infected areas with these compounds. Solution concentrations of Cu2+ between 50 and

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25

Burgess, Treena I., Janet L. Webster, Juanita A. Ciampini, Diane White, Giles E. StJ Hardy, and Michael J. C. Stukely. "Re-evaluation of Phytophthora Species Isolated During 30 Years of Vegetation Health Surveys in Western Australia Using Molecular Techniques." Plant Disease 93, no. 3 (March 2009): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-3-0215.

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For 30 years, large-scale aerial photography has been used to map the extent of Phytophthora dieback disease in native forests in the southwest of Western Australia, with validation of the observations involving routine testing of soil and root samples for the presence of Phytophthora cinnamomi. In addition to P. cinnamomi, six morpho-species have been identified using this technique: P. citricola, P. megasperma, P. cryptogea, P. drechsleri, P. nicotianae, and P. boehmeriae. In recent years, many new Phytophthora species have been described worldwide, often with similar morphology to existing

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26

Jeff-Ego, Olumide, Juliane Henderson, Bruce Topp, Andre Drenth, and Olufemi Akinsanmi. "Variations in macadamia varietal susceptibility to Phytophthora multivora and P. cinnamomi." Proceedings 36, no. 1 (February 21, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036109.

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Incidence of diseases caused by various Phytophthora spp. in macadamia is increasing worldwide, often resulting in severe yield loss and death of both juvenile and old macadamia trees. In Australia, P. cinnamomi and P. multivora has been identified to cause severe stem canker in macadamia orchards. Currently, various varietal improvement research programs on macadamia are underway, not only to obtain high-yielding and precocious macadamia germplasm but to develop macadamia genotypes with acceptable levels of tolerance/resistance to pests and diseases. In this study, we selected macadamia genot

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27

Hill, TCJ, JT Tippett, and BL Shearer. "Invasion of Bassendean Dune Banksia Woodland by Phytophthora cinnamomi." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 6 (1994): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940725.

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The rate and mechanism of the spread of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Banksia woodland of the Bassendean Dune system north of Perth, Western Australia was studied. Aerial photographs were used to measure the spread of disease in fronts longer than 5 km over 35 years. Fronts in upper slope positions moved downhill and uphill at 1.01 and 1.13 m year-1, respectively, while fronts in low-lying positions moved downgrade and upgrade (with and against the direction of water table flow) at 1.30 and 1.20 m year-1, respectively. Fronts in low-lying areas spread significantly faster than those on upper slope

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28

Kennedy, J., and G. Weste. "Vegetation Changes Associated With Invasion by Phytophthora cinnamomi on Monitored Sites in the Grampians, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 3 (1986): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860251.

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The effects of invasion by Phytophthora cinnamomi were measured on sites representing the larger forest regions of the Grampians. Changes were obvious at first, with the death of more than 50% of the species including large plants such as Xanthorrhoea australis, but soon became dificult to detect as susceptible species were replaced by field-resistant graminoids. Reductions were assessed in species heterogeneity and plant density during 1976, at the onset of disease and from 1977 to 1984. Susceptible species disappeared from infested forest and no re-emergence was observed. Less-susceptible pl

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29

Olde, Peter. "Grevillea pieroniae Olde (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae: Hakeinae), a rare new species in the Triloba Group from the Stirling Range, Western Australia, and a short history of the group." Telopea 23 (2020): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea14783.

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Twenty-one Grevillea species currently comprise the Triloba Group sensu Flora of Australia, or Group 1 sensu The Grevillea Book. All species except the transcontinental species G. anethifolia R.Br. are distributed in southwest Western Australia. Grevillea pieroniae Olde, herein described, is currently treated as Grevillea sp. Stirling Range (D.J. McGillivray 3488 & A.S. George) by the Western Australian Herbarium. It has some affinity with Grevillea anethifolia through shared possession of similar truncate-conical to cylindrical pollen-presenters. Grevillea pieroniae is a rare species that

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30

Dundas, Shannon J., Patricia A. Fleming, and Giles E. St J. Hardy. "Flower visitation by honey possums (Tarsipes rostratus) in a coastal banksia heathland infested with the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi." Australian Mammalogy 35, no. 2 (2013): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am12044.

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The honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus) is a tiny (7–10 g) obligate nectarivore endemic to south-west Western Australia that relies on high floristic diversity for year-round nectar and pollen resources. We investigated flower visitation by honey possums at a site in the presence of the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi by sampling pollen on the head of captured and radio-tracked individuals. The aim of the study was to identify plant species that were visited and to compare these with known susceptibility to Phytophthora to assess the potential impact of further spread of the pathogen on ho

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31

Bradshaw, S. D., R. D. Phillips, S. Tomlinson, R. J. Holley, S. Jennings, and F. J. Bradshaw. "Ecology of the Honey possum, Tarsipes rostratus, in Scott National Park, Western Australia." Australian Mammalogy 29, no. 1 (2007): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am07003.

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The Honey possum, Tarsipes rostratus, is an obligate nectarivore, known to feed on plant species from only three Families in south-western Western Australia: Myrtaceae, Proteaceae and Epacridaceae. These plants can be adversely affected by fire, decreased rainfall or groundwater levels and the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. We investigated the ecology of T. rostratus in terms of: (i) how the population fluctuated in response to rainfall and fire over a 20-year period and (ii) changes in diet and movements during a period of decreased food availability in late summer. Mean capture rates were

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32

Podger, FD. "Comparative Pathogenicity of Fourteen Australian Isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi Determined on Transplants of Tasmanian Temperate Heathland." Australian Journal of Botany 37, no. 6 (1989): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9890491.

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Peat cores containing mature plants of 21 native species were transplanted from heathland in south- western Tasmania to a greenhouse and inoculated individually with 14 Australian isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi. The isolates, which had been obtained from 10 different species of host plants and from 14 localities widely distributed across the continent, included three of the four isotypes of the fungus known to occur in Australia. Abnormal coloration, root-rot and death occurred in 9 of the 11 species of dicotyledons present; in a single plant of one species of the 11 monocotyledons but in

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33

Smith, K. J., P. A. Fleming, T. L. Kreplins, and B. A. Wilson. "Population monitoring and habitat utilisation of the ash-grey mouse (Pseudomys albocinereus) in Western Australia." Australian Mammalogy 41, no. 2 (2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17061.

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Although Australia has a diverse native rodent fauna, the population dynamics and habitat requirements of most species have not yet been identified. Effective management for conservation of these species is therefore hindered. The aim of the present study was to investigate the habitat use and population dynamics of the ash-grey mouse (Pseudomys albocinereus) through trapping and radio-tracking in Boonanarring Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Although there was no relationship between capture rate and time since fire, ash-grey mice selected dense understorey vegetation. Burrows (47% of 19 un

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Wilkinson, C. J., J. M. Holmes, K. M. Tynan, I. J. Colquhoun, J. A. McComb, G. E. St J. Hardy, and B. Dell. "Ability of phosphite applied in a glasshouse trial to control Phytophthora cinnamomi in five plant species native to Western Australia." Australasian Plant Pathology 30, no. 4 (2001): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ap01055.

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35

Anderson, Prue, Mark Brundrett, Pauline Grierson, and Richard Robinson. "Impact of severe forest dieback caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi on macrofungal diversity in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 259, no. 5 (February 2010): 1033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.015.

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36

Shearer, BL, and M. Dillon. "Corrigendum - Susceptibility of Plant Species in Banksia Woodlands on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, to Infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 4 (1996): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960433c.

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37

Pilbeam, Roslyn A., Kay Howard, Bryan L. Shearer, and Giles E. St J. Hardy. "Phosphite does not stimulate a wounding response in Eucalyptus marginata seedlings." Australian Journal of Botany 59, no. 4 (2011): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10252.

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Phosphite is used to protect plants from the soilborne plant pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi. While several studies have reported a stimulation of defence mechanisms in response to the infection of plants treated with phosphite, the effect of phosphite on abiotic wound repair is unknown. The aim of this histological study was to detail the effects of phosphite on previously undescribed wound repair in Eucalyptus marginata, an important forest tree of south-western Australia, which responds to phosphite treatment. Clonal lines of young plants of E. marginata without a periderm, considered resi

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38

Abbott, I. "Recruitment and Mortality in Populations of Banksia grandis Willd. In Western Australian Forest." Australian Journal of Botany 33, no. 3 (1985): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9850261.

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This paper examines seed release and seed dispersal; recruitment in relation to fire and logging; mortality of seedlings in relation to their age; and the dynamics of one population from November 1979 to March 1983. Dehiscence of follicles is caused by wetting and drying of the infructescence, so that most seeds fall to the ground during autumn in the Mediterranean climate of south-western Australia. Seeds are wind- dispersed, settling downward from the parent tree: 90% of seed falls within the first year. There is large variation in annual recruitment of seedlings, reflecting large annual dif

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39

Bradshaw, S. D., and F. J. Bradshaw. "Long-term recovery from fire by a population of honey possums (Tarsipes rostratus) in the extreme south-west of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16068.

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The impact of two fires, six years apart, on the long-term recovery of a population of honey possums (Tarsipes rostratus) in the extreme south-west of Western Australia was documented over a 23-year period. Recovery was relatively rapid after the first fire, with catch rates reaching 78% of precatch levels within six years, but was much slower following the second fire in April 1999. Regression analysis estimates that full recovery to prefire catch rates and densities would take 25.6 years. The spread of Phytophthora cinnamomi (dieback) throughout the study area has severely impacted Banksia i

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40

Howard, Kay, Bernie Dell, and Giles E. Hardy. "Phosphite and mycorrhizal formation in seedlings of three Australian Myrtaceae." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 6 (2000): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00007.

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Currently in Western Australia, phosphite is being used to contain the root and collar rot pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi, in native plant communities. There have been reports of negative effects of phosphite on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), so there are concerns that it may have a deleterious effect on other mycorrhizal fungi. Two glasshouse experiments were undertaken to determine the impact of phosphite on eucalypt-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi. In the first experiment, non-mycorrhizal seedlings of Eucalyptus marginata, Eucalyptus globulus and Agonis flexuosa were sprayed to runoff with

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41

Park, Ja-On, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam, Emile Ghisalberti, Jaih Hargreaves, Walter Gams, and Anthony L. J. Cole. "Cuticular disruption and mortality of Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to culture filtrate of Byssochlamys nivea Westling." Nematology 3, no. 4 (2001): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854101317020277.

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AbstractA strain of a Byssochlamys nivea, isolated from saline mud in Western Australia as a part of statewide survey of soil fungi for nematophagous activity, was evaluated for its effect on nematodes. Culture filtrate of the fungus grown on potato dextrose broth for 7 days caused structural changes in the cuticle, aggregation of individuals, and mortality of Caenorhabditis elegans. In addition, the culture filtrate completely inhibited hatching of C. elegans eggs. Exudates from agar colonies also caused cuticular disruption and mortality of C. elegans. The cuticular disruption observed, not

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42

O'Rourke, Tiernan A., Tim T. Scanlon, Megan H. Ryan, Len J. Wade, Alan C. McKay, Ian T. Riley, Hua Li, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam, and Martin J. Barbetti. "Severity of root rot in mature subterranean clover and associated fungal pathogens in the wheatbelt of Western Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 1 (2009): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08187.

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Pasture decline is considered to be a serious challenge to agricultural productivity of subterranean clover across southern Australia. Root disease is a significant contributing factor to pasture decline. However, root disease assessments are generally carried out in the early part of the growing season and in areas predominantly sown to permanent pastures. For this reason, in spring 2004, a survey was undertaken to determine the severity of root disease in mature subterranean clover plants in pastures located in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. DNA-based soil assays were used to estimate p

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43

Bakonyi, J., Z. Á. Nagy, and T. Érsek. "First Report of Phytophthora citricola on False Cypress in Hungary." Plant Disease 90, no. 10 (October 2006): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1358c.

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In May 2005, an estimated 10 to 15% mortality of various cultivars of false cypress (also named Lawson cypress or Port-Orford-cedar [Chamaecyparis lawsoniana]) with severe wilt was observed in field stands of an ornamental nursery in western Hungary. Wilted plants had rot-associated reduction of their root system. Root discoloration and occasional chlorosis of lower leaves commenced on potted 3-year-old plants that were held in the open air for 10 to 12 months before planting. Four species of Phytophthora (P. lateralis, P. eriugena, P. hibernalis, and P. cinnamomi) have been reported on this h

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44

O'Rourke, Tiernan A., Megan H. Ryan, Hua Li, Xuanli Ma, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam, Jamshid Fatehi, and Martin J. Barbetti. "Taxonomic and pathogenic characteristics of a new species Aphanomyces trifolii causing root rot of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) in Western Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 9 (2010): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10040.

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Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) is grown extensively as a pasture legume in agronomic regions with Mediterranean-type climates in parts of Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. Root diseases of subterranean clover, especially those caused by oomycete pathogens including Aphanomyces, Phytophthora and Pythium, greatly reduce productivity by significantly decreasing germination, seedling establishment, plant survival and seed set. For this reason, experiments were conducted to determine the species of Aphanomyces causing root disease on subterranean clover

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45

Lamont, Byron B., Neal J. Enright, E. T. F. Witkowski, and J. Groeneveld. "Conservation biology of banksias: insights from natural history to simulation modelling." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 3 (2007): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06024.

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We have studied the ecology and conservation requirements of Banksia species in the species-rich sandplains of south-western Australia for 25 years. Loss of habitat through land-clearing has had the greatest impact on their conservation status over the last 50 years. Ascertaining optimal conditions for conservation management in bushland requires detailed knowledge of the species under consideration, including demographic attributes, fire regime, growing conditions and interactions with other species. Where populations have been fragmented, seed production per plant has also fallen. The group

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46

Mcnab, W. Henry. "Evidence that Castanea Dentata Persists on Xeric, Mid-Elevation Sites in the Southern Appalachians." Journal of North Carolina Academy of Science 133, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2017): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7572/jncas-d-16-00004.1.

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Abstract: Castanea dentata (American chestnut) persists today in the southern Appalachian forests of North Carolina as sparsely occurring sprouting root systems. The introduction of two exotic fungal diseases into North America, root rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) in the early 1800s and chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) in the early 1900s, eliminated C. dentata as a dominant canopy species. Identifying and understanding the characteristics of sites where C. dentata persists could offer insights for management and restoration. Using a regional forest inventory and analysis (FIA) database

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47

Nichols, P. G. H., R. A. C. Jones, T. J. Ridsdill-Smith, and M. J. Barbetti. "Genetic improvement of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). 2. Breeding for disease and pest resistance." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 11 (2014): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14031.

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Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is the most widely sown pasture legume in southern Australia and resistance to important diseases and pests has been a major plant-breeding objective. Kabatiella caulivora, the cause of clover scorch, is the most important foliar fungal pathogen, and several cultivars have been developed with resistance to both known races. Screening of advanced breeding lines has been conducted to prevent release of cultivars with high susceptibility to other important fungal foliar disease pathogens, including rust (Uromyces trifolii-repentis), powdery mildew (

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48

Lamont, Byron B., Roy Wittkuhn, and Dylan Korczynskyj. "Ecology and ecophysiology of grasstrees." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 5 (2004): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03127.

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‘Xanthorrhoea…is in habit one of the most remarkable genera of Terra Australis, and gives a peculiar character to the vegetation of that part of the country where it abounds’ Robert Brown (1814). Grasstrees (arborescent Xanthorrhoea, Dasypogon, Kingia), with their crown of long narrow leaves and blackened leafbase-covered trunk (caudex), are a characteristic growth form in the Australian flora. Xanthorrhoea is the most widespread genus, with 28 species that are prominent from heathlands to sclerophyll forests. While leaf production for X. preissii reaches a peak in spring–summer, growth never

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49

"Phytophthora cinnamomi. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 6) (August 1, 1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500302.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Hosts: Ananas, Cinchona, Cinnamomum, Castanea, Persea, Pinus, Rhododendron and others. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, China, Jiangsu, India, Madras, Andhra, Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Peninsular, Sabah, Philippines, Taiwan, Turkey, Vietnam, USSR, Georgia, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Vic

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Hunter, Shannon, Rebecca McDougal, Nari Williams, and Peter Scott. "Variability in phosphite sensitivity observed within and between seven Phytophthora species." Australasian Plant Pathology, January 11, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13313-021-00846-5.

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AbstractPhosphite is used to control and manage many phytophthora diseases in horticultural systems worldwide and natural ecosystems in Australia, Africa, New Zealand and parts of Northern America and Europe. Phosphite does not kill Phytophthora species, but inhibits growth while also stimulating host defence responses. Phytophthora species differ in their underlying tolerance to phosphite and isolates have been shown to acquire tolerance after prolonged exposure. Intra- and inter-specific variability in phosphite sensitivity is of interest to determine the efficacy and sustainability of phosp

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