Siga este enlace para ver otros tipos de publicaciones sobre el tema: Plant landscape.
Tesis sobre el tema "Plant landscape"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Plant landscape".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
1
Davison, Elisabeth, John Begeman, Jimmy Tipton y Tom DeGomez. "Plant Selection and Selecting Your Plants". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560978.
Texto completoResumen
Revised; Originally Published: 20008 pp.
Whether you are beginning a new landscape or renovating an existing one, planning ahead can prevent many problems. The majority of maintenance requirements and plant problems result from either selecting the wrong kind of plant for a location or planting an inferior specimen of the selected plant type. In other words, there are two decisions to be made: ▪ What species, or kind, of tree are you going to buy — an oak, pine, mesquite, or acacia? ▪ Assuming you decide on an oak, which one in the row of oaks at the nursery are you going to buy? The first decision is called Plant Selection and the second is Selecting Plants. Our goal is to install the right plant in the right place. This publication will cover the factors involved in making good decisions to achieve this goal.
2
Mastretta-Yanes, Alicia. "Landscape genomics of tropical high altitude plant species". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/52157/.
Texto completoResumen
Changes to species distributions involve demographic processes that occur over generations and affect allele frequencies within populations, leading to patterns of genetic restructuring. The specific genetic structuring patterns that will be observed as a consequence depend on explicit geographical features, such as topography and latitude. Over the first decades of phylogeography, the effect of climate history and geography on species genomes was examined at low resolution with DNA sequences and other traditional molecular markers. However, During the last five years it has become feasible to obtain genomic data for non-model organisms and large sample sizes. The present thesis spans the transition years between phylogeographic studies being restricted to low resolution molecular markers, and new methods facilitating the generation of genomic data for non-model species. As such, this thesis focuses on two main points. First, on the methodological aspects of utilising double digest RAD-seq (ddRAD) for individual-based population genetics and phylogeography of plant species. Second, on applying the obtained data to examine one of the classic. but as yet not fully explained, biodiversity patterns: the biodiversity excess within tropical mountains. The main contributions of this thesis at the methodological level are; (1) demonstrating the utility of DNA replicates for the estimation of genotyping error and optimisation of de novo assembly; (2) proposing a method for identifying paralogous loci resulting from recent gene duplications; and (3) showing that such logi provide a measure of population differentiation. Regarding the drivers of biodiversity excess within tropical mountains, I used landscape genomic analyses and ddRAD data to examine two plant species from the alpine grasslands of the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. As a main result, this thesis supports from a population-level perspective that tropical mountains; (1) allow for long-term in situ population persistence; and (2) promote population differentiation as a function of topographic isolation.
3
Trentanovi, Giovanni. "Vascular plant species diversity in fragmented secondary plant communities: a landscape ecology approach". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421745.
Texto completoResumen
Landscape ecology has been defined in a variety of different ways, but the common theme is the study of the ecological effects of ecosystem spatial patterning. Since the long history
of landscape alteration has created novel systems with unknown dynamics, new tools are necessary to understand, manage and restore human dominated landscapes, preventing the loss of biodiversity. Among all, habitat fragmentation is the main process which affects biodiversity
especially in human dominated landscapes.
This thesis is based on three research papers concerning the evaluation of plant species diversity in fragmented and secondary plant communities. Moreover, the effect of natural
reforestation process on biodiversity of secondary plant communities was investigated through a review paper. Focusing in each paper on different specific objectives due to the variability of landscape context and habitat type, the overall goal of this work was to detect spatial and
management components influencing vascular plant species diversity. Through the different tools and methodologies used in each case study, we want to demonstrate the great applicability and versatility of landscape ecology approach both in theory and practice.
The analyses were conducted on three fragmented secondary plant communities, i.e. meadow-pastures (Paper II), recent secondary woodlands (Paper III) and hedgerows (Paper IV),
scattered in a dominant matrix type. Paper III was done during the collaboration with the Technische Universität of Berlin (Department of Ecology) during my research period abroad.
The case studies were conducted both at patch and at landscape level, considering actual field data and management variables of the secondary plant communities surveyed (patch level) and the analysis of landscape asset around (landscape level). The latter was performed by GIS
analysis. Regression models were used to relate plant species diversity to spatial and management variables.
The survival of species depends on landscape dynamics and on spatial plant community configuration (Paper I). More specifically, where environmental site condition and management variables have not impact on secondary community variability and they did not differ between
the surveyed communities, plant species diversity can be deeply influenced by spatial variables (Paper II and III). On the contrary, where management variables have a strong effect on secondary community alteration, i.e. in agrarian hedgerows, this effect is independent from the
landscape assets of the different surveyed sites (Paper IV).
In general, the integrative methods used by the “landscape ecology approach” allowed us to quantify in a holistic way complex natural-cultural patterns and processes on different time-space scales that influenced vascular plant species diversity.L’ecologia del paesaggio studia l’influenza dei pattern spaziali sui flussi di specie. La continua frammentazione ed alterazione delle fitocenosi in paesaggi antropizzati rende necessario comprendere le dinamiche delle comunità vegetali che caratterizzano il paesaggio antropizzato, cercando di evitare il più possibile la perdita di diversità biologica che spesso è conseguenza di tali trasformazioni. La mia tesi è basata su tre articoli di ricerca riguardanti l’analisi della diversità della flora vascolare in fitocenosi secondarie e frammentate. In un lavoro di review invece, è stato analizzato l’effetto della riforestazione spontanea su fitocenosi secondarie a seguito dell’abbandono delle pratiche agricole. Ciascun lavoro è stato caratterizzato da specifici obiettivi, adattati in base alla variabilità del paesaggio e del tipo di fitocenosi secondaria indagata. Ciononostante, l’obiettivo comune di questa tesi è stato quello di esaminare l’influenza delle variabili di paesaggio e gestionali sulla variabilità della flora vascolare, tramite l’utilizzo di metodologie e strumenti propri dell’ecologia del paesaggio. Le analisi sono state effettuate in tre fitocenosi secondarie e frammentate, i.e. pascoli (Paper II), neoformazioni boschive (Paper III) e siepi rurali (Paper IV), inserite all’interno di differenti matrici paesaggistiche. Il terzo caso di studio (Paper III) è stato sviluppato in collaborazione con la Technische Universität di Berlino durante il mio periodo di dottorato all’estero. Le analisi sono state effettuate sia a livello di patch che di paesaggio, considerando quindi congiuntamente i rilievi floristici e le variabili gestionali (livello di patch) e l’analisi dell’assetto paesaggistico attorno alle fitocenosi indagate (livello di paesaggio). Le analisi di paesaggio sono state effettuate tramite strumenti GIS. Vari modelli di regressione sono stati utilizzati per mettere in relazione la diversità di specie vascolari con le variabili di paesaggio e gestionali. La sopravvivenza delle specie dipende profondamente dalle dinamiche del paesaggio e dalla sua configurazione spaziale (Paper I). Più nello specifico, nei casi di studio in cui le variabili stazionali e gestionali sono ininfluenti o omogenee in tutti i siti, la diversità di specie vascolari è profondamente influenzata dalle variabili spaziali (Paper II e III). Dove invece la gestione altera sostanzialmente l’equilibrio della fitocenosi, l’effetto è indipendente dalle variabili di paesaggio (Paper IV). In generale, i principi ed i metodi dell’ecologia del paesaggio che sono stati utilizzati nei casi di studio presentati, hanno permesso di quantificare precisamente i processi e le dinamiche che influenzano la diversità di specie vascolari a differnti scale spaziali e temporali.
4
Gerstenberger, Nanette Marie. "Historic plant materials of Tucson". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291741.
Texto completoResumen
The objective of this study was to create a reference of historically identifiable eras in plant use and landscape design in Tucson between 1854 and 1960. Determination of plant use eras was based on a combination of factors: (1) significant events, (2) technological advancements, (3) the number of species identified during specific time frames, (4) changes in plant collection patterns, and (5) new design trends. Five major landscape plant use eras are identified: the Anglo Settlement Era (1854-1879), the Railroad Era (1880-1899), the Post Victorian Era (1900-1917), the Post World War I and Depression Era (1918-1938), and the World War II and Suburban Expansion Era (1939-1960). Plant introduction peaked between 1900 and 1917. Following that time, tree introductions declined significantly and shrub introductions increased.
5
Eycott, A. "Plant population and community dynamics in a forest landscape". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410316.
Texto completo
6
Cianfaglione, Kevin. "Plant landscape and models of French Atlantic estuarine systems". Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0092/document.
Texto completoResumen
Les estuaires sont constitués d'une vaste mosaïque d'habitats naturels et semi-naturels. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les végétations et les paysages végétaux des systèmes estuariens atlantique en France, en essayant de comprendre le fonctionnement et les schémas de distribution des différentes unités de végétation. La présente étude tente de mettre au point un modèle théorique commun de fonctionnement et de gradients écologiques, afin de compléter la classification et la connaissance écologique des estuaires, et une aide au suivi et à l’évaluation de l’utilisation des sols, des impacts humains, en développant un modèle spatio-temporel prédictif fondé sur la végétation réelle et potentielle, et en utilisant l'approche dynamico-caténale. Dans 8 estuaires sélectionnés, nous avons effectué des travaux sur le terrain pour une superficie totale de 98 318 ha, mettant en évidence 2 séries de végétation et 4 géopermaséries, correspondant à 131 associations végétales, 60 alliances, 43 ordres et 28 classes. Nous avons cartographié la végétation de trois estuaires représentatifs, ce qui représente une superficie totale de 74 433 ha. Un schéma synthétique des paysages végétaux estuariens est proposé, en intégrant les gradients géographiques et écologiques et les formes géomorphologiquesEstuaries generally include a wide mosaic of natural and semi-natural habitats. The objective of this thesis is to study the vegetation and Plant Landscape of French Atlantic estuarine Systems, trying to understand the functioning and the plant distribution patterns. The present study tries to carry out a theoretical common model of functioning and ecological gradients, in order to make a basis to improve their classification and ecological studies, and to Help the monitoring and assessment of land uses, land forms transformation and human impacts : developping a spatio-temporal predictive model based on actual and potential vegetation, using the dynamico-catenal approach.The study area corresponds to the Atlantic French estuaries. In 8 selected estuaries, we undertook fieldworks for a total of 98315 ha, highlighting 2 vegetation series and 4 geopermaseries, corresponding to 131 plant associations, 60 alliances, 43 ordos and 28 classes. We mapped the vegetation of three representative estuaries for a total of 74433 ha. A synthetic scheme of estuary vegetation landscape is proposed, integrating geographical and ecological gradients as well as geomorphologic forms
7
Cianfaglione, Kevin. "Plant landscape and models of French Atlantic estuarine systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0092.
Texto completoResumen
Les estuaires sont constitués d'une vaste mosaïque d'habitats naturels et semi-naturels. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les végétations et les paysages végétaux des systèmes estuariens atlantique en France, en essayant de comprendre le fonctionnement et les schémas de distribution des différentes unités de végétation. La présente étude tente de mettre au point un modèle théorique commun de fonctionnement et de gradients écologiques, afin de compléter la classification et la connaissance écologique des estuaires, et une aide au suivi et à l’évaluation de l’utilisation des sols, des impacts humains, en développant un modèle spatio-temporel prédictif fondé sur la végétation réelle et potentielle, et en utilisant l'approche dynamico-caténale. Dans 8 estuaires sélectionnés, nous avons effectué des travaux sur le terrain pour une superficie totale de 98 318 ha, mettant en évidence 2 séries de végétation et 4 géopermaséries, correspondant à 131 associations végétales, 60 alliances, 43 ordres et 28 classes. Nous avons cartographié la végétation de trois estuaires représentatifs, ce qui représente une superficie totale de 74 433 ha. Un schéma synthétique des paysages végétaux estuariens est proposé, en intégrant les gradients géographiques et écologiques et les formes géomorphologiquesEstuaries generally include a wide mosaic of natural and semi-natural habitats. The objective of this thesis is to study the vegetation and Plant Landscape of French Atlantic estuarine Systems, trying to understand the functioning and the plant distribution patterns. The present study tries to carry out a theoretical common model of functioning and ecological gradients, in order to make a basis to improve their classification and ecological studies, and to Help the monitoring and assessment of land uses, land forms transformation and human impacts : developping a spatio-temporal predictive model based on actual and potential vegetation, using the dynamico-catenal approach.The study area corresponds to the Atlantic French estuaries. In 8 selected estuaries, we undertook fieldworks for a total of 98315 ha, highlighting 2 vegetation series and 4 geopermaseries, corresponding to 131 plant associations, 60 alliances, 43 ordos and 28 classes. We mapped the vegetation of three representative estuaries for a total of 74433 ha. A synthetic scheme of estuary vegetation landscape is proposed, integrating geographical and ecological gradients as well as geomorphologic forms
8
Miranda, Casey R. "Effects of Recycled Water On Landscape Plants". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/354.
Texto completoResumen
ABSTRACT EFFECTS OF RECYCLED WATER ON LANDSCAPE PLANTS Casey Ray Miranda Recycled water is water that has been previously used, has suffered a loss of quality, and has been properly treated for redistribution (Wu et al. 2001). The use of recycled water as an alternative to fresh water in the landscape can have positive and negative effects. Experimentation on 40 different plant species during a 32 week period (2 phases of 16 weeks), was conducted to analyze the effects of recycled water irrigation on the appearance of landscape plants. Each species of plant was planted into 10 individual number 2 pots and irrigated with recycled water daily. Media and water were tested for nutrients and other constituents. In phase I there were four different species of grasses and grass-like plants, five different perennials, five species of shrubs, and four annuals tested; while phase II tested four species of herbaceous perennials, eight different species of shrubs, six species of groundcovers, and four species of annuals. All tests were conducted at the Paso Robles Waste Water Treatment Plant. Of the grasses and grass like species Yucca spp. and Buchloe spp. performed best. Osteospermum fruticosum, Lavandula angustifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis, Phormium tenax, and Pennisetum setaceum had the best appearance of the herbaceous perennials tested. For the shrubs, Coprosma repens, Cistus purpureus, Dodonea viscosa, Eleagnus pungens, Baccharis pilularis, Ceanothus thysiflorus, Thuja orientalis, and Nerium oleander had the best appearance when irrigated with recycled water. The best annuals were Senecio cineraria, Antirrhinum majus, Primula spp., Viola spp., and Calendula officinalis. Of the groundcovers Heuchera spp., Lonicera japonica, Vinca major, Hedera helix, and Ceanothus griseus had the best results. From the experiment a list of tolerant and non-tolerant plants was compiled (Appendices 1 and 2). While many plants were capable of developing and growing normally, other plants were sensitive to recycled water irrigation. In order to prevent salt damage to plants and expand the use of recycled water, salt tolerance of landscape plant material must be identified (Niu et.al, 2006).
9
Kosaka, Yasuyuki. "Plant Diversity in Paddy Field Landscape in Savannakhet Province, Laos". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/68782.
Texto completoResumen
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(地域研究)
甲第12433号
地博第32号
新制||地||11(附属図書館)
UT51-2006-J424
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻
(主査)助教授 竹田 晋也, 教授 田中 耕司, 助教授 岩田 明久
学位規則第4条第1項該当
10
Meyers, Alexander D. "Influences of Gravitational Intensity on the Transcriptional Landscape of Arabidopsisthaliana". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1584638314936905.
Texto completo
11
Granziera, Patrizia. "The ideology of the English landscape garden 1720-1750". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36331/.
Texto completoResumen
My topic is the genesis of the English landscape garden 1720-1750. This was developed in Britain in the first half of the eighteenth century and has been called "emblematic or learned", since the visitor was expected to decipher its various meanings. These were often communicated through buildings, sculptures and inscriptions, and cumulatively conveyed through the sequences in which these features were arranged. While historians have studied the iconography of some of those gardens (notably Stowe) in depth, there are areas which, though acknowledged, have yet to be dealt with thoroughly. These include the well-known "Chinese" connection, the details of the gardens' political status, the significance of the Venetian aspect of the Palladian revival, and the role of Freemasonry and masonic ideas. In this dissertation my aim has been to explore these various aspects showing how, if considered all together, they can help us to better understand the different meanings of the early landscape garden. In the introduction I give a description of the early English landscape gardens. In the first part I discuss the importance of the Chinese gardens for the origins of the "idea of irregularity" in the new style of garden. Then in the second part I go on to investigate the eighteenth century political background and its connections with the architecture of the early landscape garden discussing the influence that the surviving myth of Venice had on Neo-Palladianism. Finally, I examine whether the garden contained buildings that could reflect masonic moral and architectural concepts.
12
Showalter, Darlene Denise. "Evaluation of plant selection for traffic calming on residential streets in Tucson, Arizona". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277797.
Texto completoResumen
Since 1992, Tucson, Arizona has installed seventy-eight traffic circles in residential areas as part of a Neighborhood Traffic Management Program and sixty-seven of these circles contain plants. Plants are included in traffic calming installations because they generally improve visibility and visual quality of these installations. Species selection may directly influence effectiveness of plants in these functions. The intent of this study was to evaluate plant selection in established traffic circles, in Tucson, Arizona to determine their success relating to safety, visual quality and maintenance criteria. The total population was inventoried and each circle was ranked according to how well criteria were met. The results of this study indicate that plant selection met maintenance criteria in most cases but often did not meet criteria for safety and visual quality.
13
Kelly, Jack. "Diagnosing Problems of Roses in the Landscape". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144768.
Texto completo
14
Kriticos, Darren John. "Landscape ecology and the management of remnant native vegetation : a case study in the Murray Mallee using a geographical information system /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envk92.pdf.
Texto completo
15
Jackson, Chloe. "GIS Spatial Decision Support for Sustainable Landscape Design". The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/584155.
Texto completoResumen
Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone Project- Report and Final DocumentThe purpose of this study is to create a spatial decision support system for sustainable landscape design in an urban setting. As more and more of the worlds population concentrates in cites, the design of these spaces becomes critical to global sustainability. The built environment exhibits different environmental conditions than its rural or natural counterparts— the following study focuses on building a GIS model of unique sun exposure conditions at a site, and using this model in a spatial decision support system. The system will compare the exposure needs of just over 150 native or near native plants with the exposure availability of Tucson’s Historic Y Building, and provide tailored list for each area. This will allow for design flexibility within sustainable parameters.
16
Wang, Shengling Selina. "Toxic beauty brownfield regeneration of former Guangzhou cement plant /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085611.
Texto completoResumen
Thesis (M. L. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009.Includes special report study entitled: Landscape-in-process : integrating phytoremediation into landscape design process. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.
17
Giai, Carla. "Fire, Exotic Earthworms and Plant Litter Decomposition in the Landscape Context". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1236626931.
Texto completo
18
Tyler, Marnie W. "Forests of the western Olympic Peninsula : understory plant species diversity, forest policy, and landscape pattern /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5464.
Texto completo
19
Tharpe, Nicole Rose. "The challenges and opportunities of diversifying plant species within the urban landscape". Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2008/N_Tharpe_042708.pdf.
Texto completo
20
Domenghini, Jacob Cody. "Water use and drought resistance of turfgrass and ornamental landscape plant species". Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13517.
Texto completoResumen
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources
Dale Bremer
Greg Davis
In 2005, turfgrass was estimated to cover approximately 20 million ha of urbanized land. That area is increasing with rapid urbanization, stressing the importance of water conservation in the lawn and landscape industry. Turfgrasses have been identified for replacement by presumably more water-efficient ornamental plant species to conserve water. However, research comparing drought resistance and evapotranspiration (ET) of turfgrasses with ornamental landscape plants is limited. Two studies were conducted to evaluate water use and performance under drought stress of several ornamental and turfgrass species. An online course was developed to educate students about critical water issues related to irrigation in urbanizing watersheds. In a field study, ET was measured using lysimeters and plant water status was evaluated under deficit irrigation (100%, 60%, and 20% ET) in Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. ‘Sharps Improved’, and Ajuga reptans L. ‘Bronze Beauty’. Evapotranspiration was similar between A. reptans and F. arundinacea, and was 32 and 35% greater than ET of B. dactyloides. In a greenhouse study, the performance of one turfgrass (Poa pratensis L. ‘Apollo’) and eight landscape species (Achillea millifolium L., Ajuga reptans L. ‘Bronze Beauty’, Liriope muscari Decne., Pachysandra terminalis Siebold and Zucc., Sedum album L., Thymus serpyllum L., Vinca major L., and Vinca minor L.) was evaluated during a severe dry down and subsequent recovery. S. album, L. muscari, and P. terminalis performed the best, requiring 86 to 254 d to decline to a quality rating of one (1-9 scale: 1=dead/dormant, 9=best quality). The remaining species required 52 to 63 d. The only species to recover were P. pratensis [46% pot cover (PC) after 60 days], S. album (38% PC), and V. major (35% PC). A survey was developed to measure student learning as it relates to the level of sense and meaning present in the content of a new online course entitled “Water Issues in the Lawn and Landscape.” Survey results were compared with student learning as measured through a post-test. Post-test scores declined as the difference between sense and meaning increased (r =-0.82; P=0.03), indicating student learning is higher when both sense and meaning are present.
21
Niziolek, Dani R. "Landscape Effects on Urban Plant Traits: Rethinking the Value of Urban Weeds". Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1587738269628448.
Texto completo
22
Newman, Dara 1962. "The evaluation of Pedilanthus palmeri Millsp. as a potential interior landscape plant". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276776.
Texto completoResumen
Pedilanthus palmeri Millsp. was evaluated as a potential interior landscaping plant. The optimal propagation technique, production and post-production light requirements, growth regulator response and photoperiod requirement were analyzed. Cuttings were successfully rooted within five weeks after treatment with aqueous solutions of IBA. Root fresh weight increased from 0.58 g with 0 mg·liter⁻¹ IBA to 1.12 g with 6736 mg·liter⁻¹ IBA. No difference in leaf length, width or thickness, plant height or node number was found between plants grown under 77% and 88% shade. Plants moved to a low light interior environment continued to grow and new, thin leaves replaced abscised leaves. The optimum concentration of the growth retardant Bonzi (paclobutrazol), 0.125 g ai per pot, caused a 46% reduction in shoot height. Apical pinching and 500 mg·liter-1 BA increased branch number 3.8-fold. Pedilanthus palmeri is a short day plant. Flowering occurred in the 8 and 10 hour light treatments but not in the longer photoperiods.
23
Muler, Ana Luiza. "Identifying plant functional traits to assist ecological intervention in a drying landscape". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1944.
Texto completoResumen
Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs) are among the most vulnerable to land use and climate change and many attempts are in place to restore these ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to assess differences in plants’ ability to withstand water-stress, including biotic interactions. Such knowledge helps us understand community assembly, which is crucial for ecological intervention. This study involved: (1) reviewing the literature on traits that can differentiate functional types; (2) adapting the methodology to measure leaf water potential at turgor loss point (πtlp) for small-leaved species; (3) using these traits to quickly identify water-use strategies of adult plants from Southwest Australia; (4) identifying the water-use strategies that juveniles have to survive first summer drought; and (5) determining whether there is facilitation between a deep-rooted species and seedlings through hydraulic redistribution.
The selection of functional response traits was based on their association with water-stress, with effect traits, and on methodologies that are easy, inexpensive and applicable for Mediterranean species. Relevant traits were identified from the literature, including: leaf carbon isotope composition, leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents, leaf mass per area, πtlp, and xylem vessel morphology. Measurements of πtlp through osmometry of extracted sap and through Pressure-volume curves were compared. Selected traits were then measured for 15 species from different eco-hydrological habitats. Drought resistance of juveniles was assessed by measuring water relations, rooting depth/pattern and carbon reserves use of species from different eco-hydrological habitats. Lastly, seedlings were grown isolated or near donor plants. Water status and growth were measured, and stable isotopes were used to investigate water pathways within and between plants.
A strong correlation between the methodologies for measuring πtlp was found. With analysis of these traits, it was possible to cluster adult species, from the Swan Coastal plain, into five functional groups that corresponded to their rooting depths. During drought, Banksia seedlings reduced stomatal conductance and appeared to use carbon reserves, whereas Gompholobium tomentosum seedlings tolerated higher water deficits, despite reduced stomatal conductance. Lastly, although seedlings were able to absorb hydraulically redistributed water, they grew, transpired and survived more when isolated from the deep-rooted plant.
In the literature review, theoretical analyses on functional traits and speculations on functional groups were made through a conceptual diagram. The osmometry technique is a suitable replacement for Pressure-volume curves since its estimations of πtlp were accurate in small and large-leaved species. The functional traits approach can be transferable to other MTEs for application by restoration practitioners, as the traits selected were effective in determining functional groups, and were relatively easy and cost effective. The seedlings’ responses to summer drought were consistent with their habitats and root-depth, which is an important factor for niche differentiating and community assembly. Competition between seedlings and deep-rooted plants supported the updated stress-gradient hypothesis. In conclusion, analyses of water-use strategies of Mediterranean species during summer allow predictions of differences in drought resistance. When this functional approach is applied for ecological intervention, restoration practitioners can select species with a better match to future environmental conditions of MTEs, particularly in large species sets.
24
Pihlajaniemi, H. (Henna). "Success of micropropagated woody landscape plants under northern growing conditions and changing environment". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514260780.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract
Plant registration and selection work aimed at identifying the best genotypes for northern landscaping has been carried out in Finland since the 1980’s. In the University of Oulu Botanical Gardens, micropropagation methods have been developed for several woody plant taxa registered during the POHKAS (Northern Hardy Plants) project. Micropropagation is an effective method to conserve valuable genetic characteristics and to produce plantlets from woody species with limited mother stock material and in a limited time period.
In this study the long-term field phenology and success of 19 micropropagated shrub and tree taxa was followed in plant selection experiments. Experiments were conducted at four northern field sites presenting different climatic conditions. Of the phenological monitoring parameters, the onset of foliation and flowering in the field revealed a strong relation to spring time temperature, being obviously latest to occur in northernmost site. The gradient between southern and northern sites for autumn phenology was not so obvious. However, between the different genotypes, the greatest differences were observed in the timing of autumn colouration and defoliation. Winter hardiness also showed clear differences between genotypes. Of the success parameters, it was most decisive as winter hardy genotypes had a higher occurrence of flowers and ornamental appearance, for example in Rosa majalis ‘Tornedal’. Some of these hardy genotypes with known characteristics were introduced to northern tourism areas to create examples of sustainable landscaping. Further, a list of potential plants for different northern sites was compiled.
Special forms with both scientific and ornamental value are occasionally found in wild species. One example of this is the red-leaved form of a pubescent birch, Betula pubescens f. rubra, which was studied in the plant selection experiments, and was used as a model tree to evaluate the role of anthocyanins in northern plants in a case study of northern birches. In the case study, the red-leaved pubescent birch showed some differences in flavonoid responses and growth rate in comparison to Betula pubescens and Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii. Phenology of the B. p. f. rubra was corresponding to that of the B. pubescens.
For cultivated woody plants the most important selection criteria for the northern areas are the suitability to local climate i.e. timing of phenological events and winter hardiness. Foliar anthocyanins seem to increase adaptation to northern growing conditions with high light intensity and low temperature.
25
Boss, Darrin Lewis. "Management options for producers who traditionally plant barley for grain or forage". Diss., Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/boss/BossD1207.pdf.
Texto completo
26
Longbrake, A. Christina W. "Ecology and invasive potential of Paulownia tomentosa (Scrophulariaceae) in a hardwood forest landscape". Ohio : Ohio University, 2001. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou992358342.
Texto completo
27
Gabriel, Doreen. "Plant communities in organic and conventional agriculture comparing local, landscape and regional effects /". Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2006/gabriel.
Texto completo
28
Setyawan, Dwi. "Soil development, plant colonization and landscape function analysis for disturbed lands under natural and assisted rehabilitation /". Connect to this title, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0117.
Texto completo
29
Schroeder, Bradley John. "EFFECTS OF LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE ON GENERALIST AND SPECIALIST INSECT HERBIVORES". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1196180149.
Texto completo
30
Bodurow, Rea Constance Corinne. "Rethinking the industrial landscape : the future of the Ford Rouge complex". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26826.
Texto completoResumen
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1991.Includes bibliographical references (p. 267-273).
The growth and decline of manufacturing industries in the past century and the industrial landscape that this activity has produced has had profound physical, environmental, social and economic impact on the communities of which they are an integral part. Throughout the past century, industry has dominated the man-made environment in tenns of its size, frequency of occurrence and highly prominent position in the community. In America this is particularly true, as the history of urban industrialism has shaped our nation and the character of our urban environment over the last one hundred years. Because industrial sites have played a significant role in the physical form, social composition and environmental-both natural and man-made character of American communities - their obsolescence, whether creating a change in function or eliminating the function entirely, leaves a tremendous void, both physically and economically. The obsolete industrial landscape,whether abandoned or underutilized, leaves the public and private sectors, as well as the community with the task of "reconstructing"-the reintegration of large scale environments through reuse and reprogramming-the site, architecture and infrastructure that is left as obsolete. Reconstruction of obsolete or redundant industrial sites occurs in various ways, though efforts are generally of a fairly singular focus, with the private sector making decisions based largely on market and financial considerations. While the private sector has made some effort to retrofit existing facilities with new technology and processes, the conventional approach has been to leave them behind and start fresh. Existing infrastructure, environmental quality and employee relations are generally deemed too difficult to retrofit, and so new plants are developed on green fields elsewhere, while older facilities are abandoned, demolished or sold to other parties for redevelopment. Reuse strategies have focused on the subdivision of older industrial structures to accommodate incubator industries which require less square footage than traditional heavy industries. While examples of this conventional redevelopment approach dominate in the United States, a multidisciplinary, participatory approach has been used in both European countries and the United States. Over the last decade, increased interest in the industrial landscape and its reconstruction has spawned numerous efforts world wide. In Italy and France, private sector finns such as Fiat, Pirelli, and Schlumberger have joined forces with the public sector in order to develop planning and design directions for important pieces of the urban landscape. Programs range from institutional and mixed use development to industrial and commercial reuse. In the United States, planning efforts at the federal, state and local levels have produced various participatory approaches. In recent years, the Department of the Interior through the National Park Service, has developed and implemented a program of "heritage areas", focused on the country's transportation and industrial heritage. The objectives of the cultural development strategy are to preserve industrial heritage while catalyzing economic development in the surrounding community. A candidate for multidisciplinary reconstruction planning is the Ford Rouge Complex in Dearborn, Michigan. The Rouge Complex has served for its 75 years as the center piece of the regional automotive economy in Southeastern Michigan and the automotive manufacturing in the country as a whole. From its modest beginnings on remote farm and marshland in 1917, Henry Ford I and Albert Kahn's joint vision for the Rouge quickly eclipsed their revolutionary Highland Park facility, inherited its assembly line and grew to become the largest manufacturing complex in the world. Once, the self proclaimed "industrial city" was admired, imitated, portrayed and visited by industrialists, artists and designers and tourists from every comer of the world. Today, the complex is in a state of transition and uncertainty about the future. Poised for reconstruction, it is now at the center of an economy which has been wholly dependent on the cyclical nature of the automotive industry and tied to its convulsions, relocations and downsizing. The Rouge is also in the midst of the region's economic and social strife Based on these existing conditions, can a reconstruction approach for the site create new economic and social value? If a strategy which embraces a multidimensional notion of value, emphasizing "information value", is employed, the answer may be in the affirmative. Considered in this way, the Rouge represents a major redevelopment opportunity. Nowhere is there a more potent site for such a redevelopment; nowhere in the region does the confluence of these three notions of value occur in a more powerful way. The infrastructure that exists there could not be cost effectively reproduced today. There is no other location in the region which is better served by modal options or better positioned in relation to such options. Most importantly, there are few other sites in the world which are so charged with historic and cultural meaning which is of significance at a local, national and international level, and where the juxtaposition of 20th and 21st century industrial landscape and technology meet. The thesis concludes with a recommended scenario for the reconstruction of the Rouge, focusing on a master planning approach and recommended development program which draw from examples of industrial reconstruction precedents in the the European Community and the United States. The recommended scenario advocates a multidisciplinary, participatory master planning approach. The process identifies different notions of "value" that are inherent in the Rouge. The development concept consists of four development components, each embracing different notions of value, all of which hold economic potential: infrastructure value, which focuses on the value of the buildings and infrastructure to the market, location value, which focuses on the sites context, adjacencies and linkages; and the information value, which focuses on the symbolic, historic and cultural meaning of the site. In approaching the site with this combination, the results are enhanced economic value and a physical result which addresses the concerns and issues of the stakeholders in the process-the company, the union and the community.
by Constance Corinne Bodurow Rea.
M.S.
31
Palo, Anneli. "Relationships between landscape factors and vegetation site types : case study from Saare County, Estonia /". Tartu, Estonia : Tartu University Press, 2005. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/10062/1303/5/palo.pdf.
Texto completo
32
Larouche, Martine. "Effects of past land use and landscape context on plant species composition and richness in woodlots of an agricultural landscape in Québec". Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119667.
Texto completoResumen
The forest transition occurring in developed countries, including northeastern North America and western Europe, led to an emergence of secondary forests that fueled research about past land-use legacies on biodiversity. Past land-use has been shown to lower plant species richness, especially that of forest herb species. A few studies have also considered landscape configuration around secondary forests, either in the present-day or during the early period of old field colonization. My study examines the effects of both past land-use and past landscape context on species composition and richness in a 2046 km2 landscape dominated by agriculture in the Montérégie in southwestern Québec. Using historical topographical maps from the 1860s and 1910s, and a forest map from the 1990s, I analyzed the evolution of forest cover across the landscape and used an Affinity Propagation algorithm to cluster forest patches with similar land-use and configuration history. I then tested the effects of past land use and landscape context (surrounding forest proportion) on species composition and richness in 52 study sites using nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis and correlations. Results show that landscape context in the past, and especially in the 1910s within a 200m buffer around study sites, is correlated with both current species composition and richness. Hence, forest patches that had a low forest cover around them in the past have a lower total, endozoochorous and anemochorous species richness and greater epizoochorous species richness than forest patches that were surrounded by a greater amount of forest in the past. As for past land use, this variable does not have a strong effect on plant species composition and richness. Other variables like soils, surficial deposits or recent forest management intensity do not affect total species richness and composition in study sites except for tree species, likely because of maple syrup production. My conclusions can be useful for forest protection and conservation by helping to prioritize forest patches to protect based on past landscape context. The results also suggest that the quality of forest patches can be enhanced by creating ecological corridors connecting patches, thereby increasing the number of surrounding seed sources.La transition forestière ayant lieu dans les pays développés, incluant le nord-est de l'Amérique du Nord et l'Europe de l'Ouest, a conduit à l'émergence de forêts secondaires, lesquelles ont alimenté la recherche sur les legs de l'utilisation passée des terres sur la biodiversité. Il a été démontré que l'utilisation passée du territoire peut appauvrir la richesse en espèces végétales et spécialement en herbacées forestières. Quelques études ont également considéré la configuration du paysage autour de parcelles forestières, soit à l'époque actuelle ou durant la période de colonisation des terres abandonnées. La présente étude se penche sur les effets de l'utilisation passée du territoire et du contexte paysager passé (proportion du couvert forestier environnant) sur la composition et la richesse en espèces végétales dans un paysage de 2046 km2 dominé par l'agriculture en Montérégie, au sud-ouest du Québec. Utilisant des cartes topographiques historiques des années 1860 et 1910 et une carte forestière des années 1990, j'ai analysé l'évolution du couvert forestier sur ce territoire et utilisé l'algorithme Affinity Propagation pour regrouper les parcelles forestières ayant une histoire d'utilisation du territoire et de contexte paysager similaires. J'ai ensuite testé les effets de l'utilisation passée des terres et du contexte paysager passé sur la composition et la richesse en espèces végétales de 52 parcelles forestières en utilisant une analyse de gradation non métrique multidimensionelle ainsi que des corrélations. Les résultats montrent que le contexte paysager passé, et particulièrement dans les années 1910 à l'intérieur d'un rayon de 200 mètres autour des sites d'étude, est corrélé à la composition et à la richesse en espèces végétales actuelles de ces sites. Ainsi, des parcelles forestières ayant eu un couvert forestier faible autour d'elles dans le passé contiennent moins d'espèces végétales au total, moins d'endozoochores et d'anémochores et plus d'épizoochores que des parcelles forestières entourées d'un plus grand couvert forestier dans le passé. L'utilisation passée du territoire n'a, quant à elle, pas d'effets importants sur la composition et la richesse en espèces végétales. D'autres variables telles les sols, les dépots de surface ou l'intensité de l'aménagement forestier récent n'affectent pas la composition ni la richesse en espèces végétales dans les sites d'étude sauf pour les espèces d'arbres, probablement en raison de la production de sirop d'érable. Les conclusions de cette étude peuvent être utiles à des fins de protection et de conservation de la forêt. Ainsi, elles pourraient aider à prioriser les parcelles forestières à protéger en se basant sur la proportion de couvert forestier autour d'elles dans le passé. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent également que la qualité des boisés peut être améliorée en créant des corridors écologiques connectant les parcelles, augmentant par le fait même les sources de graines autour d'elles.
33
Graß, Ingo [Verfasser] y Nina [Akademischer Betreuer] Farwig. "Habitat loss and exotic plant invasions disrupt plant-animal mutualisms in a heterogeneous South African landscape / Ingo Graß. Betreuer: Nina Farwig". Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/105193494X/34.
Texto completo
34
Vanbergen, Adam John. "From landscape to host-plant scales : bottom-up heterogeneity affects invertebrate diversity and interactions". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56104/.
Texto completoResumen
The influence of ecological heterogeneity on invertebrate diversity, trophic guild structure, and host-parasitoid interactions was assessed at landscape, habitat and host-plant scales. Variation in the cover of forest and spatial heterogeneity of six landscapes affected the diversity of epigeal beetles and soil fauna, indicating human land-use can structure communities that operate at fine spatial scales. Invertebrate taxon identity determined if species richness, abundance or both were affected by landscape structure and whether the relationship was linear or hump-shaped. Above-ground diversity positively correlated with soil fauna diversity, but worm and collembola diversity correlated with different plant functional groups. Using the presence of cattle grazing in birch woodlands the impact of disturbance to semi-natural habitat on invertebrate diversity and trophic interactions was studied. Grazing led to a reduction in the height of understorey vegetation, and concomitant increase in plant diversity. This grazing-dependent habitat heterogeneity was correlated with a decline in the diversity of generalist secondary consumers but left herbivores unaffected. A host-parasitoid interaction was affected by the presence of cattle in birch woods. Increased floral diversity in the grazed sward indirectly (via increases in host density) and directly increased parasitism rates, a rare example of a tertiary trophic level being positively affected by anthropogenic disturbance. Using this host-parasitoid system we examined the influence of habitat patch size and isolation on this antagonistic interaction. The largest patches supported the greatest herbivore densities, but the parasitoid was unaffected. This differential impact of habitat structure meant that parasitism was inversely density-dependent and the potential stability of the interaction (CV > 1) was reduced, providing a refuge from parasitism for the host. Bottom-up sources of heterogeneity at different scales affect diversity at higher trophic levels. Anthropogenic disturbance to plant communities can alter trophic guild structure and interactions between insect species.
35
Evans, Tracie Marie. "Effects of the availability of floral resources on plant-pollinator interactions and the implications for the long-term survival of plant populations". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33045.
Texto completoResumen
1. Insect pollinators have been shown to alter their foraging patterns in response to habitat and landscape composition, particularly in relation to changes in the availability of floral resources which provide essential pollen and nectar provisions. Changes to pollinator behaviour and community composition, may alter the distance, directness and frequency of pollen movement and thus, the compatibility and genetic relatedness of pollen transferred between plants. We still lack good understanding of how variation in the spatial and temporal availability of floral resources drives pollinator responses and in turn, affects the fitness of outcrossing plants. Knowledge in this area could contribute to improved management interventions to enhance pollination services for plant conservation. 2. Through a combination of habitat and landscape scale field experiments, I explored how the availability of floral resources at different spatial scales affected plant-pollinator interactions, pollen transfer and mating success in plant populations, particularly those isolated from conspecifics. This involved introducing different species of plants in experimental arrays across a range of study systems that varied in structure and floral availability. Over the course of the thesis, I measured the community composition and behaviour of pollinators visiting experimental arrays; focusing on traits considered important for pollen transfer (e.g. Inter-tegular ('IT') span). Pollen movement was quantified within and between populations (5-150m) and the resulting plant outcrossing rates were measured using different methods including paternity analysis and the use of a dominance inheritance system. In addition, the implications of variations in pollinator foraging and pollination services can be attributed to pollen and gene flow and subsequently the reproduction and fitness of plants were assessed as a means of predicting the impacts on longer-term plant survival. 3. Findings from this thesis demonstrate reductions in the activity density (the abundance of actively foraging pollinators) and richness of pollinators and thus, the potential for plant visitation in response to a high abundance of floral resources within a habitat. This led to disruptions in pollen transfer, illustrated through a lower incidence of intra and inter-population pollen movement, and ultimately, reduced plant outcrossing rates. In parallel, plant seed set and germination rates were also reduced in habitats with high resource availability. Changes to pollinator communities and pollination services varied with the spatial scale at which floral resources were measured. Pollinator communities (activity density, richness and IT span) were most affected by floral resource abundance at a local scale (1-50m), particularly within a 20m radius of a plant population. Intra-population pollen movement was similarly affected by floral resources at a local spatial scale (within a 1m radius of a plant population). In contrast, no effect was observed on pollinator communities, intra-population pollen movement or plant reproduction when floral resources were measured at a landscape scale (within a 100-1500m radius of a plant population). However, findings were variable across different experiments at the same scale of measurement. For instance, the availability of floral resources at a local scale did not always elicit an effect on plant reproduction. This reflects differences in plant species identity and the effects of breeding system and floral traits, illustrated through variations in visitation rates between plant species. Inconsistencies were further observed with pollinator activity density and richness, which were not related to floral resources at a habitat scale in one chapter. 4. This thesis highlights the importance of the availability of floral resources at a local scale on plant-pollinator interactions and pollination services to plants. Co-flowering plants within florally rich habitats compete for pollinators and subsequently, visitation and pollen transfer between individuals of low density plant populations is diluted rather than facilitated. This suggests that although pollinator abundance and diversity may be enhanced through florally rich habitats (e.g. habitats implemented under the agri-environment scheme), pollination services are not automatically improved for plants which are present at low frequency in the landscape. This needs to be considered when designing and implementing management for threatened or isolated plants where plants may instead benefit from focused interventions. For instance, pollination services may be increased by efforts to maximise the facilitative effect of surrounding habitats, while increasing the ability of threatened or isolated plants to withstand competition from co-flowering plants.
36
Hutchison, Melissa Alice Sarah. "Interactions between habitat fragmentation and invasions: factors driving exotic plant invasions in native forest remnants, West Coast, New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3218.
Texto completoResumen
Habitat fragmentation and biological invasions are widely considered to be the most significant threats to global biodiversity, and synergistic interactions between these processes have the potential to cause even greater biodiversity loss than either acting alone. The objective of my study was to investigate the effects of fragmentation on plant communities in native forest fragments, and to examine potential interactions between these effects and invasions by exotic plants at multiple spatial scales. I examined edge, area and landscape effects on plant invasions using empirical data from fragmented landscapes on the West Coast of New Zealand. My research revealed significant interactions between the amount of native forest cover in the landscape and the strength of edge and area effects on plant communities in forest fragments. The dominance of exotic plants in the community was highest at forest edges and decreased towards fragment interiors, however the interiors of very small fragments were relatively more invaded by exotic plants than those in larger fragments, reflecting a significant interaction between edge and area effects. Similarly, exotic dominance increased in more heavily deforested landscapes, but this effect was only apparent in very small fragments (<2 ha). The combined effects of small fragment size and low forest cover in the landscape appear to have promoted invasions of exotic plants in very small remnants. I explored the mechanisms underlying edge-mediated invasions in forest fragments and examined whether propagule availability and/or habitat suitability may be limiting invasions into fragments. Experimental addition of exotic plant propagules revealed that landscape forest cover interacted with edge effects on germination, growth and flowering rates of two short-lived, herbaceous species, and this appeared to be driven by elevated light and soil phosphorus levels at edges in heavily deforested landscapes. I also examined the role of traits in influencing plant responses to forest fragmentation. Different traits were associated with exotic invasiveness in edge and interior habitats of forest fragments, indicating that the traits promoting invasiveness were context dependent. Traits also had a major influence on responses of native plants to forest fragmentation, with generalist species appearing to benefit from fragmentation, as they can utilise both forest and open habitats, whereas native forest specialists have been negatively impacted by fragmentation.
37
Wang, Shengling Selina y 王胜灵. "Toxic beauty: brownfield regeneration of former Guangzhou cement plant". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085611.
Texto completo
38
Horton, Lindsey. "Intervention in succession a method for applying succession theory in landscape design with a focus on vegetation succession in western Washington /". Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2005/L%5FHorton%5F042805.pdf.
Texto completo
39
Hendrickson, Christopher A. "Evaluation of Competition Between Turfgrass and Trees in the Landscape". DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/65.
Texto completoResumen
Population growth in regions of the Intermountain West has resulted in rapid growth of residential neighborhoods. In Utah, the landscapes associated with these expanding neighborhoods consume vast quantities of treated water. This is a concern in all states of the Intermountain West, as water becomes increasingly scarce. Traditionally used turfgrasses, trees and other plants in Intermountain West landscapes require significant amounts of supplemental water considering the intense sunlight, dry winds and sparse rainfall typical of the region. Characterizing the interactions between turfgrass and tree species in these landscapes can aid in the identification of candidate species that consume less nutritional and water resources, while maintaining satisfactory appearance. A study was conducted investigating the nature of interactions between tree and turfgrass species in a constructed landscape of the Intermountain West. An experiment was performed investigating differences in rooting length and volume between combinations of two tree (Robinia pseudoacacia L., Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis L.) and three turfgrass [Poa pratensis L., Buchlöe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm., Festuca arundinacea Schreb.] species. A minirhizotron system was used to obtain root images at three times during the growing seasons of 2006 and 2007 at depths from 1-15 cm in each tree-turfgrass rooting zone. Images were analyzed to determine combined total volume, length, and surface area of turfgrass and tree roots. This research shows that root growth differences occur in turfgrass-tree combinations containing all three turfgrass species. Buffalograss best resisted possible root growth inhibition, regardless of tree combination. Further evidence shows that Robinia secondary growth is vulnerable to presence of turfgrass in proximity.
40
Elsayed, Ali Hamada [Verfasser] y Björn [Akademischer Betreuer] Reineking. "Plant communities in field margins of agricultural landscapes: species distributions, functional traits, and contributions to landscape function / Hamada Elsayed Ali. Betreuer: Björn Reineking". Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077818831/34.
Texto completo
41
Duncan, Allison B. "Relationship between remnant size and plant species richness in the Tucson urban matrix". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278795.
Texto completoResumen
The Sonoran Desert surrounding Tucson, Arizona is the dominant matrix in a region undergoing a transition from desert matrix to urban matrix with little emphasis placed on preserving this native ecosystem intact. Instead, patches of desert, remnants, are cut off the desert matrix and surrounded by a variety of land uses including residential, transit, and commercial. 31 sites within the City of Tucson were surveyed and the site's plant species richness, woody cover, herbaceous cover, and disturbance percentage measured. The plants found on-site were classified into native or exotic, annual or perennial, and woody or herbaceous, and further broken down into growth form. Results indicated a significant correlation between a site's area and its percent disturbance, as well as correlations between its native vegetation and area.
42
Gerhart, Vanda Jane. "Optimizing Native and Landscape Plant Establishment Under Marginal Soil and Water conditions in Southwestern Deserts". Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1026%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Texto completo
43
Rajala, Kiandra F. "Ecosystem Transformation Across a Changing Social Landscape: Landowner Perceptions and Responses to Woody Plant Encroachment". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86724.
Texto completoResumen
The conversion of grasslands to woodlands is an ecosystem transformation that threatens grassland biodiversity, the provision of important ecosystem services, and the sustainability of rural livelihoods. A global phenomenon, woody plant encroachment (WPE) has been particularly problematic in the Southern Great Plains of the United States where the actions of private landowners are integral to sustaining grasslands. Increased diversity in landowners’ motivations for owning land have shifted the social landscape of rural areas necessitating a better understanding of landowners’ perspectives about WPE and their subsequent management actions. Towards this purpose, I employed a mail survey to private landowners in the Edwards Plateau of Texas, Central Great Plains of Oklahoma, and Flint Hills of Kansas to investigate landowner perceptions and management responses to WPE. First, I assessed landowners’ acceptance of WPE as a function of how they relate to their land (i.e., sense of place), their beliefs about the positive and negative consequences of woody plants, and their perceived threat of grassland conversion. Then, I examined the drivers of landowners’ goal intentions to manage woody plants and their current use of five adaptive management practices that prevent WPE. My results demonstrate that landowners vary in their sensitivity to WPE based on how they feel connected to their land. This was true even though most landowners had low acceptance thresholds for WPE, believed it led to numerous negative outcomes, and perceived it as increasingly threatening at greater levels of encroachment. Most landowners wanted to control or remove woody plants and were actively engaged in management practices to do so. These findings address uncertainties about landowners’ acceptance of WPE and grassland conservation actions and provide broad implications for how people perceive and respond to ecosystem transformation.Master of Science
Around the world, grasslands are converting to tree and shrub woodlands at an unprecedented rate. This transformation profoundly reduces habitat available for grassland plants and animals and diminishes many ecosystem services that people and rural communities rely on. This loss of grasslands has been especially far-reaching throughout the Southern Great Plains of the United States. Because most of this region is privately owned, the management actions of landowners play a crucial role in preventing or allowing this conversion to continue. Recent shifts in land ownership motivations expanding beyond traditional agricultural production have created increased uncertainty about how private landowners view and react to this change. To investigate how landowners perceive and respond to this woody plant encroachment (WPE) phenomenon, I conducted a mail survey of landowners in the Edwards Plateau of Texas, the Central Great Plains of Oklahoma, and the Flint Hills of Kansas. Using sense of place, landowners’ beliefs about the potential positive and negative consequences of woody plants, and their perceptions of how threatening grassland conversion is, I assessed the thresholds at which landowners’ do or do not accept WPE. Then, I examined how acceptance of WPE relates to landowners’ management goals and current use of management practices to control or reduce woody plants. I found that most landowners believed that woody plants had many negative consequences and perceived increasing levels of threat at greater levels of encroachment. This related to low levels of acceptance for woody plants in grasslands. However, landowners’ threat perceptions and acceptance of WPE varied based on their sense of place. Finally, most landowners wanted to control or remove woody plants and were actively engaged in management practices to do so. My results provide critical information regarding how current landowners’ view and respond to grassland conversion and offer broad implications for how people perceive and respond to large-scale environmental change.
44
Ward, Raymond. "Landscape and ecological modelling : development of a plant community prediction tool for Estonian coastal wetlands". Thesis, University of Brighton, 2012. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/37b928df-19dc-48f5-aad8-08398383fb95.
Texto completoResumen
Estonian coastal wetlands are of international importance as they support characteristic biological diversity. Their limited extent and distribution mean that these wetlands are of high conservation concern, and as such have been identified as a priority in the European Union Habitats Directive. These wetlands are typified by a flat, extensive landscape, situated between the micro-tidal «0.02m), brackish Baltic Sea and a forest interior. Due to the low relief these wetlands may be under threat from sea level rise. This research consisted of four studies: (i) to determine and quantify the relationship between a range of coastal wetland plant community types, elevation and edaphic conditions. Results demonstrated that plant community distribution was significantly affected by micro-topography and edaphic variability. The majority of the plant communities were discernible in the field by elevation alone and elevation was found to be the factor that could distinguish the greatest number of plant communities. (ii) to determine an appropriate method of interpolating LiDAR elevation data and assess the use of LiDAR data in creating a static correlative model to determine plant community type based on elevation. Results showed that with dGPS calibration the model could accurately predict plant community location. Validation of the model in two further sites showed that the correlative model was able to predict plant community with almost perfect (K 0.81) and moderate agreement (K 0.53) dependent on the site. (iii) to determine sediment accretion rates to complete the dynamic model by analysing the level of radionuclides, 137CS and 210Pb, in discrete core sections. Results showed that during periods of greater storminess sediment accretion increased almost threefold. These sensitivity data were included in the dynamic correlative model. (iv) to assess the effects of sea level rise on plant communities in Estonian coastal wetlands under five sea level scenarios, two accretion rate scenarios and factoring in isostatic uplift rates. Results showed that local sea level will rise in some sites and decrease in others dependent on location and SLR scenario. This study has indicated that in many instances Estonian coastal wetlands will increase in extent in the future due to high rates of sediment accretion, particularly in a scenario with more frequent storms, and isostatic uplift. The study has shown that following validation, calibration and sensitivity analysis LiDAR data can be used to accurately predict plant community type in microtopographical ecosystems. The model developed in this study of Estonian coastal wetlands is likely to be transferable to other appropriate habitats such as tidal, estuarine, and floodplains wetlands.
45
Hooper, Virginia Harding. "Understanding Utah's Native Plant Market: Coordinating Public and Private Interest". DigitalCommons@USU, 2003. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3683.
Texto completoResumen
Changes in Lone Peak Conservation Nursery customer profiles cause state nursery leaders to question what their products are being used for and how trends in native plant use are changing the market for Utah native plants. The Utah native plant market is changing as interest in native plants is expanding to meet new conservation objectives, oftentimes in urban settings. This newer demand for native plants appears to be motivated by current changes in urban conservation behavior, continued population growth in the arid West, scarcity of water resources, the increasing appreciation for indigenous plant aesthetics, and concern for bio-diversity. A survey of2001 American Society of Landscape Architecture (ASLA) Utah Chapter members sponsored by Lone Peak Conservation Nursery, a state-mandated nursery for the supply of conservation plants to Utah, conveys landscape professionals' philosophical base for native plant choice, experience of native plant use, information needs, desired products and services, and general perception of native plant market and demand in Utah. Landscape architects at the forefront of these trends and the profession have the opportunity to be even more actively engaged in integrating native plant use across the wild land to urban landscape spectrum while collaborating with other industry leaders.
Authors report on the significant findings from the Lone Peak ConservationNursery Native Plant Study to explain the complexity of native plant supply and demand in changing Utah markets. Increase in urban water conservation and aesthetic use of native plants and seeming instability in traditional restoration markets force local growers to face challenging decisions about plant production and business strategies. Business-driven decisions of suppliers may affect the availability of source-identified native plant products, and raises the question, "How native is native?" Current dilemmas in the Utah native plant market are identified as market pressures tend to generalize an ecologically specialized natural resource product. Continued research and industry collaboration is needed to better connect supply and demand to better balance the needs of private and public sector market actors sharing native plant resources.
46
Condon, Lea A. "Landscape analysis of post-burn succession in a Great Basin pinyon-juniper woodland". abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447617.
Texto completo
47
Fakhraldeen, Sukaina. "Redefining (interior)scapes: integrating the natural and built environment". Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13650.
Texto completoResumen
Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture, Regional and Community Planning
Mary Catherine (Katie) Kingery-Page
In the temperate Midwest, interiorscapes are seldom a feature of public schools. The interior spaces of school environments tend to be dull, uninspiring, and do very little to nurture the wellbeing and needs of students. Interiorscapes can greatly influence the overall productivity of users by creating healthy, pleasant environments. Schools fail to create richer indoor environments for a number of reasons, such as lack of resources as well as knowledge about the design, implementation and benefits of interiorscapes. In addition students today “are not the outdoor-living [children] they were 100 years ago, and as much as 90% of [their] time may be spent indoors” (Manaker, 2). Healthy and stimulating school environments have the potential to enhance students’ productivity and creativity. Therefore the question at hand is: how can a Manhattan Kansas’ high school integrate the natural and built environment to create richer interior spaces? In this Master’s report, I explore the potential benefits of designing an interiorscape that integrates the natural and built environments within a school setting. Using Manhattan High School West Campus as the project site, I analyzed the effect and design of existing interiors on students through passive observation. Numerous research precedents identified valuable information on design processes and methodologies for designing interiorscapes and evaluating user interaction with existing places. Following a thorough analysis of the typology and characteristics of each precedent, I considered unique facets that were directly applicable to my project site. I then went to test the aspects selected from these precedents by incorporating them into the design for the selected project site; north courtyard and adjacent interior dining space. Based upon the precedent research and literature review, design goals and objectives evolved. The end product is a schematic design for Manhattan’s High School cafeteria area and north courtyard. The plan encompasses desired characteristics of an interiorscape and needs of its potential users. Ultimately, this proposal presents ideas for ways of implementing interiorscapes to enhance the overall productivity of users, while simultaneously strengthening the relationship between the natural and built environments.
48
Savage, Bernard S. "Grassland dynamics on revetments at RAF Caerwent, Monmouthshire, South Wales". Thesis, University of South Wales, 2001. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/grassland-dynamics-on-revetments-at-raf-caerwent-monmouthshire-south-wales(f7f297af-80c1-4c0a-b69f-2dc7c466a980).html.
Texto completoResumen
A chronosequence method was used to study plant community changes over successional time in a replicated design over an interval of 56 years. Artificial earthworks (revetments) constructed in 1939 and 1968 within a military manufacturing facility have been maintained under a constant regime of regular cutting and biomass removal. Predictions of species and community level change based on models of Odum, Grime and Peet are tested. Aspect and time are shown to be the major explanatory factors determining vegetational differences between samples. Diversity was seen to be significantly lower in older communities in conflict with Odum's model of community development. Partitioning of community structure by relative abundance suggests that the direction of development is contingent on physical conditions. Change in species types from ruderal to stress tolerators is consistent with Grime's successional model but is supported only weakly and by a minority of the species present. Feet's model of competitive sorting is strongly supported at the l-3m scale but refuted at larger scales. It is apparent that older communities show a tendency towards divergence in structure. The influence of spatial factors on ecological research methods is examined and discussed and it is suggested that development of predictive community models will require a recognition of the multiple levels of community structure and the multiple scales of interactions between their components.
49
Setyawan, Dwi. "Soil development, plant colonization and landscape function analysis for disturbed lands under natural and assisted rehabilitation". University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0117.
Texto completoResumen
[Truncated abstract] Spontaneous plant growth and soil development occur at disturbed sites with their extent and nature being variously affected by soil fertility status, local climate and topographic conditions. Soil-plant interactions can be diverse and site-specific within a disturbed landscape. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate soil characteristics and landscape indices in relation to natural plant growth and soil development under different conditions and for diverse materials. A comprehensive study has been carried out to evaluate spontaneous soil development and plant colonization on various regolith materials at a railway cutting near Jarrahdale bauxite mine and on various substrates comprising waste rock, weathered regolith and replaced topsoil at Scotia (Norseman, Western Australia) and Kelian (East Kalimantan, Indonesia). At Jarrahdale soil development has occurred slowly over 36 years in relation to morphological changes in surface horizons. Soils at several locations exhibit substantial changes in color, texture and structure. The slow soil development is primarily due to low biomass and litter contributions (˜1 Mg/ha) from colonizing plants (e.g. Dryandra sessilis, Eucalyptus marginata and low shrubs) on the cutting shelf and slow litter decomposition. Nutrient accumulation is up to 5 kg N/ha, and 0.5 kg/ha for P and K. Surface soil samples from Jarrahdale are generally acidic (pH < 5.1) and contain low concentrations of total soil carbon (20 g/kg) and nutrients of total nitrogen (0.73 g/kg), bicarbonate-extractable phosphorus (bic-P) (< 2 mg/kg), bic-K (37 mg/kg) and total exchangeable bases (<1.1 cmol/kg, with 24 % base saturation). Soil properties at the Scotia waste dump are mainly associated with alkaline (mean pH = 9) and saline conditions (EC1:5 = 1.01 dS/m). Exchangeable base values are high with average concentrations of exchangeable Ca of 18 cmol/kg and exchangeable Mg of 6 cmol/kg, thus these elements are not a limiting factor for plant nutrition. Patchy plant growth on the waste dump is mostly related to differences in water availability in the arid region and to salinity such that halophytes (saltbushes Maireana and Atriplex) colonize many parts of the waste dump together with some Melaleuca and Eucalyptus species
50
Chama, Lackson [Verfasser] y Nina [Akademischer Betreuer] Farwig. "Plant-frugivore interactions in a heterogeneous forest landscape of South Africa / Lackson Chama. Betreuer: Nina Farwig". Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024782956/34.
Texto completo