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1

Marlowe, Karol. "Biogeography and evolution of flowering plants in the American West : Gaillardia (asteraceae) and Synthyris (plantaginaceae)". Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2007/k_marlowe_043007.pdf.

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2

Harris, Mark Steven. "The evolution of sexual dimorphism in flowering plants". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442466.

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3

La-aw, Ampornpan Armstrong Joseph E. "Ontogeny of zygomorphic flowers in the Solanaceae". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1992. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9311282.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1992.
Title from title page screen, viewed January 31, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Joseph E. Armstrong (chair), Mathew M. Nadakavukaren, Tsan Iuan Chuang, Roger C. Anderson, Jerome R. Cain. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-101) and abstract. Also available in print.
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4

Dudley, Leah S. "Ecological conditions of secondary sexual dimorphism in salix glauca fundamental and realized dimorphic niche /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4382.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 27, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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5

Baker, Angela Marie. "The evolution and functional significance of stigma-height dimorphism in flowering plants". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/NQ53661.pdf.

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6

Fuselier, Linda Catherine. "MAINTENANCE OF SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC PATTERNS OF GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION IN MARCHANTIA INFLEXA". UKnowledge, 2004. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukybiol2004d00154/fuselier.pdf.

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7

Wong, Sato Akira Armando. "Diverse adaptations to increase pollination success in zoophilous plants". Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232377.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第21176号
人博第848号
新制||人||203(附属図書館)
29||人博||848(吉田南総合図書館)
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻
(主査)教授 加藤 眞, 教授 市岡 孝朗, 教授 瀬戸口 浩彰
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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8

Cameron, Duncan Drummond. "A role for differential host resistance to the hemiparasitic angiosperm, Rhinanthus minor L. in determining the structure of host plant communities?" Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238495.

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This study describes the effect of the root hemi-parasitic angiosperm Rhinanthus minor on the structure of the communities in which it lives and seeks to elucidate a mechanism through which the parasite acts to effect these changes in the community. Field manipulations reveal that R. minor suppressed the growth of grasses and legumes in a newly sown meadow whilst promoting the forbs within one growing season. In contrast the removal of R. minor from mature meadow plots did not influence their composition. After an additional growing season the parasite did not further influence the composition of the new meadows but removal did begin to benefit the biomass of mature plots. In isolation the parasite caused most damage to grasses whilst leaving legumes and forbs undamaged. Moreover, the parasite performed worst in terms of growth and photosynthesis when attached to the forbs. Consequently the parasite was able to moderate intra-specific competition between grasses and forbs. I thus hypothesised that forbs were able to prevent the parasite form abstracting resources where as grasses could not. Tracer experiments using isotopically e5N) labelled potassium nitrate confirmed this hypothesis showing that more of the resources taken up by the host were stolen by the parasite from grasses than from forbs. There was much variability in the translocation of resources from the legume studied. The reasons underlying the differential uptake of resources were highlighted using histological studies which showed that all of the forbs possessed successful resistance mechanisms to the parasite whilst no successful resistance was observed in the grasses or legumes. Two different resistance mechanisms were observed in the forbs; hypersensitive cell-death at the host-parasite interface and host lignification. I therefore propose that differential host resistance may underlie this parasite's community level effects as forbs possess a resistance capacity that other potential hosts do not.
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9

Sheth, Mili. "Discovery and characterization of KNOX proteins lacking a homeodomain, produced by alternative splicing of KNAT1-like genes in gymnosperms and angiosperms". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31639.

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10

Mercer, Charlene Ashley. "Spatial Segregation of the Sexes in a Salt Marsh Grass Distichlis spicata (Poaceae)". PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/173.

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Understanding the maintenance of sexual systems is of great interest to evolutionary and ecological biologists because plant systems are extremely varied. Plant sexual systems have evolved to include not only complete plants with both male and female reproduction occurring on one plant (i.e., monoecious and hermaphroditic) but also plants with male and female function on separate plants (dioecious). The dioecious reproductive system can be used to test theories on niche differentiation given that having separate plants potentially allows for the exploitation of a broader niche. This increase in the realized niche is due to the ability for separate sexes to occupy different niches, which may occur in different physical habitats. Some dioecious plants have been shown to occur in areas biased to nearly 100% male or nearly 100% female, called spatial segregation of the sexes (SSS). Occupying a broader niche could increase fitness in some species when the separation is used for one sex to gain access to resources that increase reproductive success and/or if the separation inhibits deleterious competition. These two mechanisms have been previously proposed for the evolution of SSS in dioecious plants. The first mechanism suggests that males and females have evolved to occupy different niches due to differences in reproduction (sexual specialization). The hypothesis for the sexual specialization mechanism is that females should have higher fitness in female-majority sites and males should have higher fitness in male-majority sites. The second mechanism states that males and females occupy different niches due to competition between the sexes (niche partitioning). The hypothesis for niche partitioning states that inter-sexual competition should decrease fitness more than intra-sexual competition. These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive. In our research we use the salt-marsh grass Distichlis spicata as our study species because this plant is dioecious and because molecular markers have been developed to determine the sex of juvenile plants. These molecular markers are important for testing the niche partitioning hypothesis for SSS in juveniles. Furthermore, previous work in California has shown that plants occur in areas nearly 100% female and nearly 100% male called spatial segregation of the sexes (SSS). The previous research also showed that female-majority sites were higher in soil phosphorus than male-majority sites. We conduct all research, presented in the proceeding chapters, on Distichlis spicata in the Sand Lake estuary near Pacific City, Oregon and in the laboratory at Portland State University. In Chapter 1 we used field data to answer two questions: (1) Does Distichlis spicata exhibit SSS in Oregon, and (2) If SSS is occurring, do differences occur in plant form and function (sexual specialization) in reproductive female and male plants in female-majority and male-majority sites? We used a sex ratio survey and collected field data on reproductive males and females. Our results show that there are female-majority and male-majority areas and SSS is occurring in the Sand Lake Estuary. Results from our native plant data suggest that reproductive females perform better in female-majority sites compared to male-majority sites which could suggest that sexual specialization is occurring in females. We currently have a long term field reciprocal transplant experiment in place to further address this hypothesis. In Chapter 2 we use field dada to address the following questions: (1) Does site-specific soil nutrient content occur in August, when females have set seed? (2) Does sex-specific mycorrhizal colonization occur in reproductively mature plants? (3) Does sex-specific mycorrhizal colonization vary seasonally in natural populations? Inside the roots of D. spicata a symbiotic relationship is formed between plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AM). The AM- plant relationship has been shown to thrive in phosphorus limited areas because the mycorrhizal fungus increases nutrient access to the plant. We analyzed the results of the field soil nutrient content and mycorrhizal colonization in roots of native Distichlis spicata from male-majority and female-majority sites. The root colonization included staining roots with trypan blue and viewing sections of the roots under the microscope. Our results show that female- majority sites are higher in phosphorus and are found to have higher AM colonization than male- majority sites in the field. In Chapter 3 we then reciprocally transplanted D. spicata plants in the field to address the following questions: (1) Does niche partitioning occur in D. spicata, and (2) If niche partitioning is occurring, which plants are competing more? Our reciprocal transplant experiment included seeds grown in intra-sexual, inter-sexual and no competition in cones, planted directly into the field, and allowed to grow for 15 months. After the 15 months was over we measured survival, dry weight and root/shoot ratio. The design of the experiment was to determine the effects of competition (intra-sexual and inter-sexual) and no competition on (single male and female) on survival, biomass and root/shoot ratios. Our results show that niche partitioning is occurring and plants in inter-sexual competition have significantly less biomass then intra-sexual competitors. In, Chapter 4, we conduct a laboratory experiment to address the following questions: (1) Do plants show plasticity in their response to root exudates of the competing plant in regards to the sexual phenotype of the competitor? (2) Do plants show plasticity in their response to root exudates of the competing plant with respect to the relatedness of the competitor? We use sterile seeds grown in 24-well plates containing liquid media. For each competing plant, we picked plants up out of the wells and into the competing plants wells so that plants only experienced media that the competing plant had grown. At no time do roots ever come into contact with one another. We measured primary root length, number of lateral roots, the number of root hairs, root/shoot ratio and total dry weight. We analyzed the study two different ways, one for sexual type competition (inter-sexual, intra-sexual, none) and for plant relationship (KIN, STRANGER and OWN). The results for the sexual type competition found that inter-sexual competition was greater for root/shoot ratio and dry weight. The results for plant relationship competition found that kin plants had a significantly greater number of lateral roots and a significantly longer primary root. The last chapter, Chapter 5, includes a summary of our conclusions. Our study found SSS occurring in the Sand Lake Estuary in Oregon with female-majority sites higher in phosphorus and root colonization higher in percent colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compared to male-majority sites. Based on the sexual specialization hypothesis as a mechanism for SSS, we found that females had greater fitness in female-majority sites compared to male-majority sites, suggesting that sexual specialization is occurring in reproductive females. We then tested the niche partitioning hypothesis for SSS, and we found consistent lab and field results suggesting that niche partitioning due to inter-sexual competition is an explanation for why females and males D. spicata plants spatially segregate themselves at the juvenile life history stage. Furthermore, we found that plants that have the same mother had a significantly greater number of lateral roots and a significantly longer primary root. These results suggest that KIN plants respond differently to one another compared to plants paired with a plant not from the same mother (STRANGER) or when the plant is alone (OWN).
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11

Murat, Florent. "Etude de la plasticité évolutive et structurale des génomes de plantes". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22721.

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Les angiospermes (ou plantes à fleurs) regroupent environ 350 000 espèces ayant divergé il y a 150 à 200 millions d’années en deux familles botaniques principales, les monocotylédones (les orchidées, les palmiers, les bananiers, les joncs, les graminées...) et les eudicotylédones (les Brassicaceae, les Rosaceae, les légumineuses...) représentant respectivement 20% et 75% des plantes à fleurs. Les angiospermes font l’objet de nombreux travaux de recherche, en particulier en génomique depuis 2000 avec le séquençage du premier génome de plantes (Arabidopsis thaliana) qui a précédé le décryptage des génomes d’un nombre important d’autres espèces modèles et/ou d’intérêt agronomique (environ 100 aujourd’hui). L’accès croissant à la séquence des génomes de plantes a permis de mettre à jour une importante diversité structurale de leur génome, en termes de taille physique, de nombre de chromosomes, de nombre de gènes et de richesse en éléments transposables. Les forces évolutives ayant permis une telle diversité structurale des génomes au cours de l’évolution sont au cœur des travaux de cette thèse. La paléogénomique se propose d’étudier à travers la reconstruction de génomes ancestraux, comment ces espèces ont divergé à partir d’ancêtres communs et quels mécanismes ont contribué à une telle plasticité de structure génomique. Dans cet objectif, les travaux de cette thèse ont mis en œuvre des méthodes basées sur la génomique comparée permettant l’étude de l’évolution structurale des génomes via la reconstruction des génomes ancestraux fondateurs des espèces modernes. Ainsi, un génome ancestral des angiospermes a été reconstruit constitué de 5 chromosomes et porteur de 6707 gènes ordonnés sur ceux-ci, permettant d’intégrer dans un même modèle les monocotylédones et les eudicotylédones et élucider leur histoire évolutive, notamment pour les espèces d’intérêt agronomique majeur telles que les céréales, les rosids et les Brassicaceae. L’inférence de ces génomes ancestraux des plantes modernes a permis l’identification et l’étude de l’impact des évènements de polyploïdie (doublement génomique), ubiquitaires chez les plantes. Nous avons montré que les génomes tendent à revenir à une structure diploïde suite à un évènement de polyploïdie. Cette diploïdisation structurale se fait au niveau caryotypique (par le biais de réarrangements chromosomiques impliquant la perte des centromères et télomères ancestraux) mais aussi géniques (par le biais de pertes de gènes ancestraux en double copies). Il a été montré que cette perte se faisait préférentiellement sur un des sous-génomes post-polyploïdie, menant au phénomène de « dominance des sous-génomes ». Ces biais de plasticité structurale (on parle de compartimentation de la plasticité) se font différentiellement entre les espèces, les chromosomes, les compartiments chromosomiques mais aussi les types de gènes, aboutissant à la diversité structurale observée entre les génomes modernes de plantes. Ces travaux qui rentrent dans le cadre de la recherche fondamentale ont également un fort aspect appliqué à travers la recherche translationnelle en ayant permis de créer des passerelles entre les différentes espèces travaillées en agriculture. Le passage d’une espèce à une autre via les génomes ancestraux fondateurs reconstruits permet notamment le transfert de connaissances des gènes ou de régions d’intérêt des espèces modèles aux espèces cultivées. Les travaux de thèse, par la reconstruction d’ancêtres, permettent une comparaison de haute-résolution des génomes de plantes et in fine l’étude de leur plasticité acquise au cours de l’évolution, et revêtent donc à la fois un aspect fondamental (pour comprendre l’évolution des espèces) mais aussi appliqué (pour l’amélioration des espèces d’intérêt agronomique à partir des modèles)
Angiosperms (or flowering plants) consist in approximatively 350 000 species that have diverged 150 to 200 million years ago in two main families, monocots (orchids, palm trees, banana, bulrushes, grasses...) and dicots (Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, legumes...) representing respectively 20% and 75% of flowering plants. Angiosperms are the subject of intense researches, in particular in genomics since 2000 with the sequence release of the first plant genome (Arabidopsis thaliana) preceding a large number of genomes of plant models and/or species of agronomical interest (around 100 today). Increasing access to plant genome sequences has allowed the identification of their structural diversity, in terms of genome size, number of chromosomes and genes as well as transposable element content. The evolutionary forces that have shaped such structural genomic divergence are at the center of this thesis. Our paleogenomics approach will investigate, through ancestral genome reconstructions, how modern species have diverged from common ancestors and which mechanisms have contributed to such present-day genome plasticity. In this thesis, we have developed methods based on comparative genomics to study plant genome evolution and reconstruct ancestral genomes, extinct progenitors of the modern angiosperm species. An ancestral angiosperm genome has been reconstructed made of 5 chromosomes and 6707 ordered genes allowing the integration in the same model of monocots and eudicots and finally elucidating evolutionary trajectories for species of major agricultural interest such as cereals, rosids and Brassicaceae. The reconstructed paleohistory of modern flowering plants enabled the identification as well as the investigation of the impact of polyploidy events (WGD, whole genome duplications), ubiquitous in plants, as a major driver of the observed structural plasticity of angiosperms. We established that genomes tend to return to a diploid status following a polyploidy event. This structural diploidization is performed at the karyotypic level through chromosomal rearrangements (involving ancestral centromeres and telomeres losses) as well as the gene level (through ancestral duplicates loss). It has been shown that this diploidization is preferentially done on one of the post-polyploidy subgenome, leading to the "sub-genome dominance" phenomenon. This structural plasticity bias (also referenced as plasticity partitioning) is acting differentially between species, chromosomes, chromosomal compartments, gene types, resulting in the structural diversity observed between the present-day plant genomes. This thesis is clearly within the scope of fundamental researches but also has a strong applied objective through translational research in creating bridges between species of major relevance for agriculture. The comparison of one species to another through the reconstructed ancestral genomes allows transferring knowledge gained on genes or any region of interest from model species to crops. Paleogenomics, in reconstructing ancestral genome and unveiling the forces driving modern plant genome plasticity, is therefore of fundamental (toward understanding species evolution) but also applied (toward improving orphan species from knowledge gained in models) objectives
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12

Young, Laura May. "Masting and insect pollination in the dioecious alpine herb Aciphylla : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Science in the University of Canterbury /". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1345.

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Aciphylla species (wild spaniard/speargrass) are an iconic component of the Australasian high country flora, but their reproductive system is enigmatic. They are insect-pollinated dioecious mast seeders (synchronous highly variable seed production), which seems maladaptive. The resource supply to pollinators is highly variable, yet dioecious plants are dependent on pollinators, and dioecious masting requires male and female plants to flower synchronously. Floral display in Aciphylla is relatively large, with tall inflorescences bearing thousands of flowers, suggesting that plants would not have the resources to produce such large stalks every year. But why do they have such huge inflorescences in the first place? I tested whether pollinator attraction is providing an economy of scale which favours intermittent production of very large inflorescences, by manipulating floral display size during a high-flowering year and measuring insect visitation rates and seed set (female reproductive success). Using space-for-time substitution and selective removal of male inflorescences, I also tested whether female seed set was affected by distance to flowering male plants (i.e. changes in local pollen availability) to see if flowering asynchrony would reduce pollination success. Bags were used to exclude pollination by insects and test for wind pollination, and hand pollination was done to test for pollen limitation. Insect surveys suggest that Aciphylla has a generalist pollination system (to avoid satiating a specialist pollinator during 'mast' years'). Male inflorescences received significantly more visits than females, and some seeds were set inside bags (although only 20-30%), suggesting wind pollination may occur at low levels. Seed set rate was higher for taller inflorescences with greater flowering length in A. aurea but tall inflorescences with excess flowers led to a decrease in seed set rates in A. scott-thomsonii. Hand pollination significantly increased seed set rates although these effects were not as large as expected (e.g. 10% increases from natural to hand-pollinated inflorescences were typical). There was no evidence for resource limitation in any species. Female plants in dense flowering populations had higher seed set rates, and individual floral display size in females was particularly important when females were 'isolated' from males. Insect visitation rates were generally higher on inflorescences with a larger floral display, suggesting that display size is important for pollinator attraction. Overall, these results suggest that the pollinator-attraction benefits of such a large floral display (at both the plant and population level) are possibly providing an economy of scale, although the relative effects are small.
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13

Juvany, Cánovas Marta. "Edat cronològica, edat fisiològica i sexe: factors determinants de l'estrès oxidatiu en plantes". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283933.

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Els processos metabòlics en plantes, com ara la fotosíntesi, la fotorespiració i la respiració, comporten l’inevitable producció d’espècies reactives de l’oxigen (ROS) en cloroplasts, peroxisomes i mitocondris. En determinades concentracions les ROS poden actuar com a molècules implicades en la senyalització cel•lular, però degut a la seva elevada reactivitat, un augment de les ROS provoca l’oxidació de components cel•lulars alterant-ne la seva funció biològica i provocant dany oxidatiu a la planta. En condicions d’estrès, tant biòtic com abiòtic, les plantes experimenten un increment dels nivells de ROS. Per tal de mantenir l’homeòstasi redox, aquestes han desenvolupat un seguit de mecanismes antioxidants capaços de reduir els nivells de ROS evitant un possible dany oxidatiu. La recerca per desxifrar les respostes de les plantes a l’estrès ha anat en augment en els últims anys, però encara avui en dia és poc el coneixement que tenim sobre els mecanismes implicats en el cas de les plantes perennes, tot i que constitueixen una part molt important del regne vegetal. Per altra banda, tot i l’evident importància de l’estrès oxidatiu, són escassos els estudis que s’han plantejat com aquest es pot veure afectat per factors intrínsecs de la planta, com l’edat o el sexe. L’objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi ha estat determinar com l’edat de la planta, tant la cronològica com la fisiològica, i el sexe poden influir en l’estrès oxidatiu en plantes perennes. L’anàlisi del nivells d’estrès oxidatiu es va dur a terme mitjançant les mesures de diferents mecanismes antioxidants com els carotenoides, l’alfa-tocoferol i els antocians, però centrant-nos sobretot en el paper de l’àcid malondialdehid, un subproducte de la peroxidació lipídica. Els estudis es van realitzar en fulles i plantes juvenils de Pistacia lentiscus L., una espècie dioica i perenne típica del clima mediterrani, i en arbres moribunds de Fagus sylvatica L., proporcionant un bon model a causa de la seva avançada edat, tant cronològica com fisiològica. Els resultats obtinguts revelen que l’augment dels nivells de peroxidació lipídica com a indicador d’estrès oxidatiu pot significar un dany o un possible mecanisme de senyalització interna; per això, la consideració conjunta de l’edat cronològica i els nivells d’estrès oxidatiu és un bon indicador de l’edat fisiològica, tant a nivell de fulla com de planta sencera. L’esforç reproductiu en plantes dioiques ocasiona canvis en els mecanismes fotoprotectors en les femelles respecte als mascles en condicions ambientals adverses. Tot i que les femelles presenten uns nivells d’estrès oxidatiu superiors als dels mascles, no es veuen afectades negativament, el que suggereix un possible rol en senyalització. Així mateix, l’estudi a nivell modular mitjançant la comparació entre brots reproductius i no reproductius en femelles va revelar una major fotoprotecció en els brots reproductius, com indicaven els nivells d’antioxidants i la major dissipació d’excés d’energia en forma de calor, emfatitzant la importància de la diferenciació entre mòduls en l’estudi de les diferències entre sexes en plantes dioiques.
Metabolic processes in plants such as photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration, produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly toxic molecules but besides of its damaging nature they are implicated in cell signaling in different cellular processes. However, under stress conditions plants can suffer an increase of ROS levels. When ROS concentration becomes high enough to overwhelm antioxidant systems, plant suffer oxidative stress as a consequence of the unbalanced cellular redox status. Despite the importance to unravel plant stress responses, little is known about the mechanisms implicated in perennial plants. Furthermore, the possible effect of plant intrinsic factors, as plant age or reproductive effort, in oxidative stress levels is still poorly understood. The main objective of this thesis was to determine how plant age, both chronological and physiological, as well as reproductive effort may influence oxidative stress levels in perennial plants. With this purpose levels of antioxidants as carotenoids, anthocyanins and alpha-tocopherol together with endogenous contents of stress hormones were measured, but with special emphasis in malondialdehyde acid levels, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation. To better understand the plant age effect we used leaves and juvenile plants of Pistacia lentiscus as well as moribund beech trees. Increases in lipid peroxidation not only could mean an oxidative damage but play a signaling role. Therefore, chronolorgical age concomitantly with the measure of oxidative stress levels is a good indicator of plant physiological age. Sex-related changes in photoprotection mechanisms between female and male plants of Pistacia lentiscus, a dioecious plant, where observed under climatological adverse conditions. Although females phowed higher oxidative stress levels compared to males, females were not affected negatively, suggesting a role in signaling. In addition, photoprotection capacity was higher in reproductive shoots relative to non-reproductive shoots in females, thus suggesting that females prioritized protection to fruit-bearing shoots.
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14

Eberlein, Mareike. "Bestimmungs- und Verbreitungsatlas der Tertiärflora Sachsens – Angiospermenblätter und Ginkgo". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-171947.

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Die vorliegende Dissertation stellt den ersten Teil eines Nachschlagewerks zur Tertiärflora Sachsens dar. Dieser Teil umfasst alle Taxa, die sich auf Angiospermenblätter und auf Ginkgo gründen. Auf einen Überblick zum regionalgeologischen Kenntnisstand des Tertiärs in Sachsen folgend, werden phytostratigrafische Konzepte vorgestellt und ein historischer Abriss der tertiärpaläobotanischen Forschung in Sachsen gegeben. Nach einer Erfassung aller bis Ende 2013 für das sächsische Tertiär publizierten pflanzlichen Makrofossilien und deren Fundorte (Primärdaten), welche durch projektbezogene Qualifikationsarbeiten Dritter durch zusätzliche Attribute ergänzt und vereinheitlicht wurden, werden die fossilen Taxa von Angiospermenblättern selektiert, deren Daten harmonisiert, ausgewertet und auf einen einheitlichen Forschungsstand gebracht. Für 187 von 235 untersuchten Taxa werden Datenblätter für einen Bestimmungsatlas erstellt. In diesem Atlas werden makro- und mikromorphologische Merkmale der Arten beschrieben, sowie Angaben zur Systematik, Synonymie, Paläoökologie und räumlicher und zeitlicher Verbreitung gemacht. Der beschreibende Teil wird durch Abbildungen und instruktive Zeichnungen ergänzt. Im Ergebnisteil werden die Daten nach ihrer Qualität innerhalb der Literatur begutachtet und anwendungsbezogen diskutiert. Eine Bibliografie der umfangreichen paläobotanischen Literatur für sächsische Pflanzenfossilien rundet die Arbeit ab. Um die taxon- und fundortbezogenen Daten visualisieren und effektiv verwalten zu können, werden diese in ein Open Source-Geoinformationssystem (GIS) überführt. Die im GIS implementierten Untersuchungsergebnisse ermöglichen erstmalig sowohl eine Generierung von Verbreitungs-karten für die Taxa tertiärer Angiospermenblätter und des Ginkgos in Sachsen als auch eine Abfrage von topografischen, geologischen und paläobotanischen Informationen zu den Fossilfundstellen. Ein für das Fossilmaterial entwickelter Bestimmungsschlüssel erlaubt zudem eine grobe Determination der Funde im Gelände. Das Kompendium wird in gedruckter und digitaler Version für die freie Nutzung zur Verfügung gestellt
The thesis represents the first part of a reference book to the Tertiary flora of Saxony. All taxa based on leaves of angiosperms and on Ginkgo are included in this compendium. After an overview about the geological state of knowledge on the Tertiary in Saxony, phytostratigraphic concepts are introduced and a historical survey on the Tertiary paleobotanical research in Saxony is given. All plant macrofossils published from Saxonian Tertiary until end of 2013 and their sites of discovery (primary data) were recorded. This data were supplemented by additional attributes and unified through project-based M.Sc. theses. Subsequently, taxa of fossil leaves were selected, their data evaluated and brought to a consistent state of research. Data sheets for 187 out of 235 examined taxa were established for a determination atlas. Macro- and micromorphological attributes are described in this atlas and information are given about the systematic, synonymy, palaeoecology and spatial and temporal distribution. The describing part is illustrated by images and instructive drawings. The documented data were surveyed and discussed related to their quality within the literature in the result part. A bibliography of the extensive palaeobotanical literature for plant fossils of Saxony completes the work. The taxon and locality related data are implemented into an open source geographical information system (GIS) in order to visualize and to manage them effectively. For the first time, the results of this thesis implemented in the GIS allow the generation of distribution maps for the taxa of leaves of Tertiary angiospermes and Ginkgo in Saxony. Furthermore it enables to query topographical, geological and paleobotanical information about the fossil sites. A determination key was developed for the fossil material that allows a rough determination of the findings in the field. The compendium will be available for free use in a printed as well as in a digital version
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15

Khosravi, Davood. "Proteome analysis of sexual organs in Turnera and Piriqueta /". 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99195.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2003. Graduate Programme in Biology.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99195
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16

Bainard, Jillian D. "Patterns and biological implications of DNA content variation in land plants". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3078.

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DNA content varies significantly over land plants, and is known to correlate with various aspects of plant form and function. In the present study, two measures of DNA content were examined in taxa across the land plant phylogeny: genome size (or C-value) and endopolyploidy (or endoreduplication index, EI). Additionally, the relationships between DNA content and various morphological and ecological traits were assessed. DNA content was determined for 64 liverwort species from 33 families. There was a large range in 1C-values from 0.27 to 20.46 pg, but no endopolyploidy was observed. There was no correlation between genome size and breeding system (monoecy vs. dioecy). Genome size and degree of endopolyploidy were determined for 74 moss species from 21 families. Genome sizes were constrained in this group, with 1C-values ranging from 0.25 to 1.21 pg. Endopolyploidy was high in all species except from the Sphagnaceae. Additionally, 1C-value was negatively correlated with desiccation tolerance but was not correlated with breeding system. DNA content variation was determined in 31 monilophyte (fern) species (including three horsetails) and 6 lycophyte (clubmoss) species. There was a wide range in 1C-values from 2.79 to 26.90 pg, and there was no indication of endopolyploidy in any of the species. Multivariate analyses were used to explore the relative contribution of traits and phylogenetic placement to DNA content varation in 41 angiosperm species. Six measures of DNA content (2C-value, 1Cx-value, leaf EI, stem EI, petal EI and root EI) were assessed. Phylogeny explained more of the variation observed in the six measures of DNA content than 21 ecological and morphological traits. However, many of the traits were able to explain some of the variation in DNA content, both with and without phylogeny included as a covaraite. One trait that was consistently correlated with DNA content was the association with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In a controlled experiment, the EI in root cells colonized by AM fungi significantly increased compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. This thesis increases our knowledge regarding the extent and significance of variation in DNA content in land plants.
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17

Gomez, Diaz Jorge Antonio. "Diversity patterns of herbaceous angiosperms along gradients of elevation and forest use intensity in Central Veracruz, Mexico". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E300-B.

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18

Zahajská, Petra. "Studium autekologie vybraných taxonů křídových rostlin pomocí izotopů uhlíku". Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-344172.

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1 Abstract This thesis presents an analysis of fossil plants from the Cenomanian Peruc-Korycany Formation of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and from the Bückeberg Formation of the Lower Saxony Basin in Germany. Based on earlier studies, both areas provide sediments that are considered to have developed in tidally influenced fluvial systems. Studied fossil plants are represented by ginkgoalean plant leaves (Ertemophyllum, Tritaenia), branches of conifers (Frenelopsis) and lauroid angiosperms (Eucalyptolaurus). Frenelopsis, Eretmophyllum and Tritaenia are considered to be halophytic plants, while Lauroid angiosperms were considered to grow in fresh water conditions. The fossil plants were studied using cuticle analysis and two methods of stable carbon isotope analysis: Bulk carbon isotope analysis and Compound Specific Isotope analysis. For cuticle analysis samples were observed and documented macroscopically and microscopically. To specify the environmental conditions, recent samples from three salt marshes in Great Britain were studied and analysed using the same methods as the fossil samples. The data from all observations and measurements were processed and their interpretation supported the modelled environment based on the sedimentological data. Frenelopsis were growing in a haline environment with low...
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19

Eberlein, Mareike. "Bestimmungs- und Verbreitungsatlas der Tertiärflora Sachsens – Angiospermenblätter und Ginkgo". Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28791.

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Die vorliegende Dissertation stellt den ersten Teil eines Nachschlagewerks zur Tertiärflora Sachsens dar. Dieser Teil umfasst alle Taxa, die sich auf Angiospermenblätter und auf Ginkgo gründen. Auf einen Überblick zum regionalgeologischen Kenntnisstand des Tertiärs in Sachsen folgend, werden phytostratigrafische Konzepte vorgestellt und ein historischer Abriss der tertiärpaläobotanischen Forschung in Sachsen gegeben. Nach einer Erfassung aller bis Ende 2013 für das sächsische Tertiär publizierten pflanzlichen Makrofossilien und deren Fundorte (Primärdaten), welche durch projektbezogene Qualifikationsarbeiten Dritter durch zusätzliche Attribute ergänzt und vereinheitlicht wurden, werden die fossilen Taxa von Angiospermenblättern selektiert, deren Daten harmonisiert, ausgewertet und auf einen einheitlichen Forschungsstand gebracht. Für 187 von 235 untersuchten Taxa werden Datenblätter für einen Bestimmungsatlas erstellt. In diesem Atlas werden makro- und mikromorphologische Merkmale der Arten beschrieben, sowie Angaben zur Systematik, Synonymie, Paläoökologie und räumlicher und zeitlicher Verbreitung gemacht. Der beschreibende Teil wird durch Abbildungen und instruktive Zeichnungen ergänzt. Im Ergebnisteil werden die Daten nach ihrer Qualität innerhalb der Literatur begutachtet und anwendungsbezogen diskutiert. Eine Bibliografie der umfangreichen paläobotanischen Literatur für sächsische Pflanzenfossilien rundet die Arbeit ab. Um die taxon- und fundortbezogenen Daten visualisieren und effektiv verwalten zu können, werden diese in ein Open Source-Geoinformationssystem (GIS) überführt. Die im GIS implementierten Untersuchungsergebnisse ermöglichen erstmalig sowohl eine Generierung von Verbreitungs-karten für die Taxa tertiärer Angiospermenblätter und des Ginkgos in Sachsen als auch eine Abfrage von topografischen, geologischen und paläobotanischen Informationen zu den Fossilfundstellen. Ein für das Fossilmaterial entwickelter Bestimmungsschlüssel erlaubt zudem eine grobe Determination der Funde im Gelände. Das Kompendium wird in gedruckter und digitaler Version für die freie Nutzung zur Verfügung gestellt.
The thesis represents the first part of a reference book to the Tertiary flora of Saxony. All taxa based on leaves of angiosperms and on Ginkgo are included in this compendium. After an overview about the geological state of knowledge on the Tertiary in Saxony, phytostratigraphic concepts are introduced and a historical survey on the Tertiary paleobotanical research in Saxony is given. All plant macrofossils published from Saxonian Tertiary until end of 2013 and their sites of discovery (primary data) were recorded. This data were supplemented by additional attributes and unified through project-based M.Sc. theses. Subsequently, taxa of fossil leaves were selected, their data evaluated and brought to a consistent state of research. Data sheets for 187 out of 235 examined taxa were established for a determination atlas. Macro- and micromorphological attributes are described in this atlas and information are given about the systematic, synonymy, palaeoecology and spatial and temporal distribution. The describing part is illustrated by images and instructive drawings. The documented data were surveyed and discussed related to their quality within the literature in the result part. A bibliography of the extensive palaeobotanical literature for plant fossils of Saxony completes the work. The taxon and locality related data are implemented into an open source geographical information system (GIS) in order to visualize and to manage them effectively. For the first time, the results of this thesis implemented in the GIS allow the generation of distribution maps for the taxa of leaves of Tertiary angiospermes and Ginkgo in Saxony. Furthermore it enables to query topographical, geological and paleobotanical information about the fossil sites. A determination key was developed for the fossil material that allows a rough determination of the findings in the field. The compendium will be available for free use in a printed as well as in a digital version.
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20

Weigelt, Patrick. "The Macroecology of Island Floras". Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-9956-B.

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Marine Inseln beherbergen einen großen Teil der biologischen Vielfalt unseres Planeten und weisen gleichzeitig einen hohen Anteil endemischer Arten auf. Inselbiota sind allerdings zudem besonders anfällig für anthropogene Einflüsse wie den globalen Klimawandel, Habitatverlust und invasive Arten. Für ihren Erhalt ist es daher wichtig, die ökologischen Prozesse auf Inseln detailliert zu verstehen. Aufgrund ihrer definierten Größe und isolierten Lage eignen sich Inseln als Modellsysteme in der ökologischen und evolutionären Forschung. Der Großteil der bisherigen Inselstudien hat sich allerdings mit kleinräumigen Mustern befasst, so dass standardisierte globale Daten zu den biogeographischen Eigenschaften und eine makroökologische Synthese ihrer Biota bislang fehlen. In dieser Arbeit stelle ich eine physische und bioklimatische Charakterisierung der Inseln der Welt vor und behandle die Frage, wie abiotische Inseleigenschaften die Diversität von Inselfloren beeinflussen. Ich bearbeite zwei Hauptaspekte dieser Fragestellung: Zuerst konzentriere ich mich auf historische und heutige Klimabedingungen und physische Inseleigenschaften als Triebfedern von Pflanzendiversitätsmustern auf Inseln. Hierbei setze ich einen Schwerpunkt auf die räumliche Anordnung von Inseln und Struktur von Archipelen. Als Zweites behandle ich taxon-spezifische Unterschiede in der Antwort von Diversitätsmustern auf abiotische Faktoren. Hierzu stelle ich eine globale Datenbank mit historischen und heutigen Klimabedingungen und physischen Eigenschaften, wie Fläche, Isolation und Geologie, von 17883 Inseln größer als 1 km² vor. Mit Hilfe von Ordinations- und Klassifikationsverfahren charakterisiere und klassifiziere ich die Inseln in einem multidimensionalen Umweltraum. Außerdem entwickele ich einen Satz von ökologisch relevanten Maßen zur Beschreibung von Isolation von Inseln und ihrer räumlichen Anordnung in Archipelen, darunter Maße zu Trittstein-Inseln, Wind- und Meeresströmungen, klimatischer Ähnlichkeit, Distanzen zwischen Inseln und umgebender Landfläche. Diese Maße berücksichtigen verschiedene Aspekte von Isolation, welche Immigration, Artbildung und Aussterben auf Inseln sowie Austausch zwischen Inseln beeinflussen. Um abiotische Bedingungen mit biotischen Eigenschaften von Inselfloren in Verbindung zu bringen, nutze ich eine für diese Arbeit erstellte Datenbank aus 1295 Insel-Artenlisten, die insgesamt ca. 45000 heimische Gefäßpflanzenarten umfassen. Dies ist der umfassendste und erste globale Datensatz für Pflanzen auf Inseln, der Artidentitäten anstatt lediglich Artenzahlen beinhaltet. Die globale Insel-Charakterisierung bestätigt quantitativ, dass sich Inseln in bioklimatischen und physischen Eigenschaften vom Festland unterscheiden. Inseln sind im Durchschnitt signifikant kühler, feuchter und weniger saisonal geprägt als das Festland. Die weiteren Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine sorgfältige Beschreibung der räumlich-physischen Eigenschaften von Inseln und Archipelen nötig ist, um die Diversitätsmuster ihrer Biota zu verstehen. Isolation ist nach Inselfläche der zweitwichtigste Einflussfaktor für den Gefäßpflanzenartenreichtum auf Inseln. Von den verglichenen Isolationsmaßen eignet sich der Anteil an umgebender Landfläche am besten zur Erklärung der Artenzahlen. Außerdem erhöht sich durch die Berücksichtigung von Trittsteininseln, großen Inseln als Quell-Landflächen und klimatischer Ähnlichkeit der Quell-Landflächen die Vorhersagekraft der Modelle. Isolation spielt eine geringere Rolle auf großen Inseln, wo in situ Diversifizierung den negativen Effekt von Isolation auf Immigration ausgleicht. Die räumliche Struktur innerhalb von Archipelen ist von besonderer Bedeutung für β-Diversität, d.h. für den Unterschied in der Artenzusammensetzung der Inseln. Außerdem beeinflusst sie indirekt, durch den Effekt auf die β-Diversität, auch die γ-Diversität, d.h. die Diversität des gesamten Archipels. Die Ergebnisse heben die enorme Bedeutung der relativen räumlichen Position von Inseln zueinander für Diversitätsmuster auf Inseln hervor und zeigen die Notwendigkeit für Inselforschung und Naturschutz, Inseln im Kontext ihres Archipels zu betrachten. Die Ergebnisse für Farne auf südostasiatischen Inseln zeigen, dass die Bedeutung von physischen Inseleigenschaften für Diversität kontinuierlich mit der Größe der betrachteten Untersuchungsfläche von der Insel- bis zur Plotebene abnimmt, wohingegen der Einfluss von lokalen Umweltbedingungen zunimmt. Lokale Artgemeinschaften sind häufig gesättigt, wodurch die Anzahl an Arten, die aus dem regionalen Artenbestand einwandern können, limitiert wird. Um Vorhersagen über lokalen Artenreichtum zu machen, ist es daher wichtig, die Skalenabhängigkeit der Effekte des regionalen Artenbestandes zu berücksichtigen. Großgruppen von Pflanzen unterscheiden sich in ihrer Ausbreitungsfähigkeit, ihrem Genfluss, Artbildungsraten und Anpassungen an das Klima. Dementsprechend zeigen die vergleichenden Analysen zwischen taxonomischen Pflanzengruppen deutliche Unterschiede in der Reaktion von Artenreichtum und phylogenetischen Diversitätsmustern auf abiotische Faktoren. Die Arten-Fläche-Beziehung, d.h. die Zunahme von Artendiversität mit zunehmender Fläche, variiert zwischen den Pflanzengruppen. Die Steigung der Arten-Fläche-Beziehung ist für Spermatophyten größer als für Pteridophyten und Bryophyten, wohingegen der y-Achsenabschnitt kleiner ist. Unter der Annahme, dass Merkmale und klimatische Anpassungen innerhalb von taxonomischen Gruppen phylogenetisch konserviert sind, führen die Filterwirkung von Ausbreitungsbarrieren und Umwelteigenschaften sowie in situ Artbildung zu Gemeinschaften eng verwandter Arten (phylogenetic clustering). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass physische und bioklimatische Inseleigenschaften, die mit der Filterwirkung und Artbildung in Verbindung stehen, die phylogenetische Struktur von Inselgemeinschaften beeinflussen. Die Stärke und Richtung der Zusammenhänge variieren zwischen taxonomischen Gruppen. Abiotische Faktoren erklären mehr Variation in phylogenetischer Diversität für alle Angiospermen und Palmen als für Farne, was auf Grund höherer Ausbreitungsfähigkeit und größerer Verbreitungsgebiete von Farnen den Erwartungen entspricht. Die abiotische Charakterisierung und Klassifizierung der weltweiten Inseln und die zugehörigen Daten ermöglichen eine integrativere Berücksichtigung von Inseln in der makroökologischen Forschung. In dieser Arbeit präsentiere ich die ersten Vorhersagen globaler Pflanzenartenvielfalt auf Inseln und die ersten Analysen zu unterschiedlichen Diversitätskomponenten (α, β, γ und phylogenetische Diversität) von Inselsystemen und ihren abiotischen Einflussfaktoren auf globalem Maßstab. Ich zeige, dass Zusammenhänge zwischen Umweltfaktoren und Artenzahl sowie phylogenetischen Eigenschaften von Inselgemeinschaften zwischen unterschiedlichen taxonomischen Gruppen in Abhängigkeit ihrer vorwiegenden Ausbreitungs- und Artbildungseigenschaften variieren können. Dies ist eine neue Sichtweise in der makroökologischen Inselforschung, die Rückschlüsse auf die Mechanismen hinter Diversitätsmustern von Pflanzen auf Inseln erlaubt. Ein detailliertes Verständnis davon, wie Diversität unterschiedlicher Pflanzengruppen durch Immigration und Diversifizierung auf Inseln entsteht, dürfte auch das Verständnis globaler Diversitätsmuster im Allgemeinen verbessern.
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