Tesis sobre el tema "Pléistocène moyen et supérieur"
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Rousselières, France. "Proboscidiens du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur d'Europe Sud-Occidentale : anatomie et biométrie statistique". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10063.
Texto completoQuiles, Jérôme. "Les Ursidae du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur en Midi méditerranéen : apports paléontologiques, biochronologiques et archéozoologiques". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MNHN0023.
Texto completoThis study is based on palaeontological, biochronological and archaeological analysies of 31 333 Ursidae's bones rests, owning to 13 cave sites of south-east of France and Liguria. The four species determined : U. Arctos, U. Thibetanus, U. Deningeri et U. Spelaeus, are inequaly reparted, thus last one representes 85% of the 370 individuals founded. Argumented systematic determination tries to exhaustively defined intra-specific and individual variabilities, by using morphological quantification and osteometric measurements's dispersal for all skeleton parts. Knowing them, specific evolutionnary's lignages can be established, based on statistical comparaison of osteometric data. Recent developement of morphotypes's method correlated to osteometric data, define a reliable and precis biochronological scale, appliabled to Ursidae's Middle and Upper Pleistocene forms. All occupation levels results in using caves as hivernation dens, including archaeological context. Occupation's duration and exiguity of the place show how trampling and bone's fragmentation seem to increase in the same direction. Dens works as nuseries or senility dying places. Their functionnement correspond to intrinsic physical conditions of the site, well responding or not to physiological's constraints of hivernation. Man and Carnivores are enrolled into a strategy of opportunistic acquisition of fresh carcass's disponibility, for consumption and/or bearskin recovery. A systematic of exploitation can't be considered in regard to infrequency of evidences founded
El, Hazzazi Naïma. "Paléoenvironnement et chronologie des sites du pléistocène moyen et supérieur : Orgnac 3, Payre et abri des pêcheurs (Ardèche, France) d'après l'étude des rongeurs". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MNHN0022.
Texto completoMarquet, Jean-Claude. "Paléoenvironnement et chronologie des sites du domaine atlantique franc̜ais d'âge Pléistocène moyen et supérieur d'après l'étude des rongeurs". Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOS022.
Texto completoOujenha-Batalla, Soufia. "Cadre stratigraphique, géochronologique et paléoenvironnemental des sites du pleistocène moyen et supérieur de la Catalogne : Cau del Duc de Torroella de Montgri, des Ermitons, grottes du Toll et des Teixonères". Perpignan, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PERP0374.
Texto completoIn the Nort-East Spain, Catalunya, prhistorics chose rock shelters and caves to use as hunting stops, seasonal campes more or less temporary or even for long stays. So during middle-upper pleistocene, dolinos, avens and caves served as habitats to theses humans. Paleoenvironmental reconstitution about middle-upper pleistocene has been based pluridisciplinary studies made three karstic environments. So, by the end of the middle pleistocene, a humid-cold climatic period corresponding to isotopic stoge 6 is proven in the Cau del Duc de Torroella by faunistical remains and the hydrolic origin of the filling. Following, a cold episode may be attribued to isotopic stoge 4 and corresponds here to the Teixoneres cave where decimetric rock blocks fel down from the caves wolls. During isotopic stoge 3, a humid-temperate climate is shown by the filling of the Toll, Teixoneres and Ermitons caves by reddish clays wrapping roanded gravets. Finally, a cooler episode corresponding probably to isotopic stoge 2 is put to evidence by palynology in the Toll cave
Fellag, Hocine. "Contribution à l'étude des paléoenvironnements et des paléoclimats de la fin du pléistocène moyen et du pléistocène supérieur du sud-ouest de la France : Analyse pollinique des remplissage des grottes de Suard, Bourgeois-Delaunay, Fontéchevade (Charente), et de l'abri Pataud (Dordogne)". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MNHN0010.
Texto completoJarry, Marc. "Les groupes humains du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur en Midi toulousain : contextes, ressources et comportements entre Massif Central et Pyrénées". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526018.
Texto completoJarry, Marc. "Les groupes humains du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur en Midi toulousain : contextes, ressources et comportements entre Massif Central et Pyrénées". Toulouse 2, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526018.
Texto completoThe Garonne Basin is the axial geomorphological entity of the Aquitain. In recent years, the middle valley of the Garonne River has been greatly revised. New sites and indications, particularly from the Lower and Middle Paleolithic, have thus been discovered and studied. The lithic industries yielded by these operations now provide us with robust reference bases, finally allowing comparisons of the behaviors of human groups during the Middle and Upper Pleistocene. It has been shown that the occupations were mostly multi-functional residential and are usually located as close as possible to the edges of terrace cuts. Geomorphologic and stratigraphic studies, along with the first dating elements and their correlations, allow the proposal of a first chrono-stratigraphic and chrono-cultural scheme, integrating the Midi Toulousain region in the general context of the occupation of Europe. It is possible that occupations of the Garonne valley by Acheulean groups did not become permanent until oxygen isotope stage 12. It has been shown that Upper Paleolithic and Late Middle Paleolithic occupations were almost totally absent, other than a few rare elements corresponding to temporary climatic warming periods. We thus deduct that environmental factors, which were harsh during glacial periods, rendered the Garonne valley particularly inhospitable, pushing prehistoric populations into the more protected areas surrounding the valley (karst). By projection, it is imaginable that the same phenomenon occurred during earlier glacial phases. The Garonne valley would therefore have alternately constituted a hub favoring circulation and a frontier limiting north/south contacts, depending on the succession of environmental conditions during the climatic fluctuations of the Pleistocene
Louguet, Sophie. "Les très grands herbivores (éléphantidés et rhinocérotidés) au Paléolithique moyen en Europe du Nord-Ouest : Paléoécologie, taphonomie et aspects palethnographiques". Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50377-2004-36.pdf.
Texto completoMaâtouk, Mustapha. "Stratigraphie des dépôts du Pléistocène moyen supérieur de la grotte du Lazaret (Nice, AlpesMaritimes, France) : analyses granulométriques et minéralogiques des formations sédimentaires : contribution à l'étude de l'origine des sédiments". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MNHN0010.
Texto completoMercier, Norbert. "Apport des méthodes radionucléaires de datation à l'étude du peuplement de l'Europe et du Proche-Orient au cours du Pleistocène moyen et supérieur". Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10645.
Texto completoFerrier, Catherine. "Le contexte environnemental du peuplement paléolithique de Bulgarie du Nord : le karst de Karlukovo et ses dépôts". Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10596.
Texto completoLiouville, Marie. "Variabilité du Cerf Elaphe (Cervus elaphus Linné 1758) au cours du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur en Europe occidentale : approches morphométriques, paléoécologiques et cynégétiques". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MNHN0028.
Texto completoThe Red deer (cervus elaphus, Linné 1758) is a species often found in Pleistocene faunal assemblages. It is also known to show a quite important variability, with small or tall individuals depending on the site. To explain the possible causes of this variability, we undertook a biometrical anaysis of various deer populations, from Palaeolithic sites of different ages and palaeoecological contexts. To do so, we use in particular the V. S. I. (Variability Size Index), which allows a good inter-sites comparison, regardless of the sample size. Thanks to the several environment reconstruction methods, we are able to characterize the environment and climate in which the deer evolved. The comparison of biometrical and palaeocological data allows us to evaluate the robustness of the correlation between deer size and environment. In addition, our data are integrated in a more global study, analysing the way of life of different human groups. In fact, the description of the deer populations from the different archaeological contexts (number of remains, sex ratio, mortality curves) sheds light on the hunting practices, i. E. Opportunistic or selective
Masson, Vincent. "Études pluridisciplinaires bactériologique, paléomagnétique, isotopique et physico-chimique de trois planchers stalagmitiques du pleistocène moyen et supérieur (Caune de l'Arago, Orgnac 3 et Artenac)". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0026.
Texto completoStalagmitic floors of prehistorical sites (Caune de l'Arago, d'Orgnac 3 and d'Artenac) were submitted to pluridisciplinary investigations such as : - bacteriological studies in order to appreciate the bacteria participation in calcite formation (part one), - complexation of radionucleides by humic acids carried along the percolating water in the cave before their incorporation in speleothem (part two), - preliminary chronological information through paleomagnetic studies on calcite (part three), - the use of stable isotopes (d18O et d13C) to study the paleoclimatical aspect of three ancient sites (Caune de l'Arago, d'Orgnac 3 and d'Artenac) and especially the isotopic stages 7, 9 and 11 (part four)
Blain, Hugues-Alexandre. "Contribution de la paléoherpétofaune (Amphibia Squamata) à la connaissance de l'évolution du climat et du paysage du pliocène supérieur au pléistocène moyen d'Espagne". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0040.
Texto completoThis work permit to supplement the knowledge of the settlements of Amphibians and Reptiles in Spain from Late Pliocene to Middle Pleistocene and to define the contribution of these faunas to the reconstitution of the landscape and the climate. During Middle and Late Pliocene, several thermophilous groups of squamates gradually will disappear from the Iberian peninsula following successive climatic pejorations: Eastern Vipers and the genus Pseudopus, during the MN16, in Cova Bonica (Barcelona), then Agamidae, at the end of the MN17 in Casablanca-Almenara 1 (Castellón). Only the genus Ophisaurus will persist until the end of Early Pleistocene (MmQ3) in the South of Spain in Barranco León and Fuente Nueva 3 (Guadix-Baza). In parallel, the variations observed within hygrophilic species suggest an increase in humidity at 3. 5 My in Galera C (Guadix-Baza), followed by a peak of aridity during the MN17, and again a particularly significant increase in moisture between 1. 3 and 1. 0 My in the layers of Barranco León and Fuente Nueva 3 (Guadix-Baza), of Casablanca-Almenara 3 (Castellón) and especially of Cal Guardiola (Barcelona), with the entry by the North of Eurosiberian species like the grass frog (Rana temporaria) and the withdrawal towards the South of some Mediterranean species (Blanus cinereus and Chalcides bedriagai). The stratigraphic sequence of Gran Dolina (Atapuerca, Burgos), thick of 18 m and covering the period going from 1. 0 to 0. 30 My constitutes a privileged site for the study of climatic and environmental changes. Variations within herpetofaunic associations highlights the alternation of hot and dry periods and colder and wet periods and, starting from level TD10 (approximately 0. 40 My), a more significant cooling of the climate. The evolution of the forest indices within the sequence makes it possible to correlate the fresher phases with a probable more significant development of forest cover. The modern chorologic data of these faunas allow hypothesis for estimating annual medium temperatures and precipitations
Fabre, Magali. "Environnement et subsistance au Pléistocène supérieur dans l'est de la France et au Luxembourg : étude ostéologique des gisements de la Baume de Gigny (Jura), Vergisson II (Saône-et-Loire) et Oetrange (Luxembourg)". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00617613.
Texto completoKalaï, Chafika. "Reconstitution du paléoenvironnement végétal et du paléoclimat de la fin du pléistocène moyen et du pléistocène supérieur, d'après les analyses polliniques de la Baume Moula-Guercy, du site de Payre et de l'abri des pêcheurs (Ardèche, France)". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MNHN0020.
Texto completoHameau, Sébastien. "Datation des sites paléolithiques du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur de Punung (Pacitan, Java) : Applications des méthodes ESR et U-Th aux grottes de Song Terus et Goa Tabuhan". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0027.
Texto completoTwo caves in Pacitan area (Java,Indonesia), Goa Tabuhan and Song Terus, rich in archaeological and palaeontological material have been studied. The application of U-series and ESR methods, combined with a study of the sedimentary filling, allows us to define a chronological framework for the geological and archaeological levels. The "Terus" lithic industry are the oldest of the Song Terus cave and are dated to 300 ky. The "Tabuhan" archaeological levels are dated from 30 to 80 ky. To apply ESR method, it was necessary to modelize the sedimentary surrounding of the sample in order evaluate the external dose rate. The "Keplek" levels which contain many artefacts associated with an human burial are Holocene aged. Finally, the dating of a stalagmitic flowstone, provide evidence of Middle Pleistocene age for the karstic fillings (more than 300 ky). These results obtained indicate the possibility in this area of finding levels corresponding to the Homo erectus-Homo sapiens transition
Van, den Brink Long Sylvie. "Contribution à l'étude des cervidés du pléistocène moyen : les cervidés des niveaux supérieurs de la grotte du Lazaret à Nice (a.-m. : paléontologie et taphonomie)". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MNHN0005.
Texto completoCampmas, Emilie. "Caractérisation de l’occupation des sites de la région de Témara (Maroc) au Pléistocène supérieur et nouvelles données sur la subsistance des hommes du Paléolithique moyen d’Afrique du Nord : exemples des approches taphonomiques et archéozoologiques menées sur les faunes d’El Harhoura 2 et d’El Mnasra". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14592/document.
Texto completoThe Upper Pleistocene occupation of the Témara Region (Morocco) and new data concerning Middle Palaeolithic subsistence behaviour in North Africa: A taphonomic and zooarchaeological approach to the fauna from El Harhoura 2 and El Mnasra”This work presents a taphonomic and zooarchaeological analysis focused on Pleistocene fauna from the Temara region of Morroco with particular emphasis on the recently excavated sites of El Harhoura 2 and El Mnasra. Particular attention is paid to the Aterian (Middle Palaeolithic, MSA), a techno-complex specific to Upper Pleistocene North Africa and whose behavioural aspects remain poorly documented. This is especially the case for hunting practices, site function and the spatial organization of the territory. This work proposes an interpretative model based on large mammal faunas considered in conjunction with the little regional information that is currently available. The results suggest short occupations involving multiple activities during MIS 5. The example of El Mnasra indicates that Aterian groups consumed ungulates of various sizes (Gazelles, Equidae, Suidae, Bovinae, etc.) with the entire chaîne opératoire related to the butchery of carcasses carried out on-site. In addition to large game, these groups also integrated tortoise and shellfish in their diet. The example of El Harhoura 2 demonstrates carnivores who preyed mainly on gazelle to be the site’s main occupants during OIS 3-4, a period which can be correlated with more rigorous climatic conditions and lower sea levels. Aterian groups probably occupied the rockshelter only during brief stopovers. Despite culture changes evident in the lithic industry and the site being used as a burial ground during the ensuing Iberomaurusian period (Late Upper Palaeolithic/LSA), the accumulators of the fauna at El Harhoura 2 remain carnivores and the proportion of species larger than gazelle increases. On a larger scale, these results highlight similarities in subsistence strategies that can be added to other convergent behavioural features such as the use of pigments and the presence of Nassarius sp. beads. During OIS 5, anatomically modern humans (AMH) exploited coastal areas as well as fairly large ungulates and tortoise in both North and South Africa. However, this diversification of resources is not unique to AMH as Neanderthals are known to have exploited coastal environments in the Iberian Peninsula and Italy. This period is therefore crucial for understanding Middle Palaeolithic/ MSA evolutionary dynamics and related behavioural traits not only in North Africa, but also in a broader geographical perspective
Deschodt, Laurent. "Chronostratigraphie et paléoenvironnements des fonds de vallée du bassin français de l'Escaut". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010603/document.
Texto completoEarly Glacial layers can be preserved in favor of protection of the subsequent loess and progradation of slopes. The valley bottoms deposits anterior to the Weichselian can be of three different natures: (a) accumulations of gravel layers at the foot of hight country, (b) shallow isolated Eemian deposits, (c) Saalian and Eemian fluvial layer about twenty meters deep in the Leie river plain or in downstream section of the Deûle and Marque rivers. In this case, they fill the “Flemish valley”. The chronostratigraphy and changes of longitudinal bed rock slopes suggest a recent morphogenesis (since Saalian) propbablu related to the paleogeographic evolution of the North sea basin. Particular attention has been paid to records of fluvial activity on slopes and in the upstream extremities of the talwegs network. The lower and middle pleniglacial weichseliens are poorly documented. Indirect evidences suggest a strong fluvial activity during the Lower Pleniglacial. Some buried silt formations are attributed to the Middle Pleniglacial, without certainty. The lower limit of the Upper Pleniglacial is erosive. The Upper Pleniglacial is divided into: (a) a phase of intense fluvial activity, (b) from about 22 ka, a severe shrink of the active hydrographic network and a massive fluvio-aeolian filling. We propose a modele for the morphosedimentary evolution of a small valley in loess area context during the Weichselian Upper Pleniglacial. Lateglacial is mainly known through the complementary records of Houplin-Ancoisne and of Dourges
Roger, Thierry. "L'avifaune du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur du bord de la Méditerranée européenne : Orgnac 3, Lazaret (France), Caverna delle Fate, Arma delle Manie (Italie), Kalamakia (Grèce), Karain E (Turquie) : Paléontologie, taphonomie et paléoécologie". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486167.
Texto completoThis works consists of a palaeontological, taphonomical, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatical study of six avifaunas of Middle- and Upper- Pleistocene aged sites situated in the Mediterranean Europe. These sites are Lazaret Cave, Orgnac 3 (France), Arma delle Manie and Fate (Italy), Kalamakia (Greece) and Karain E (Turkey). Two new species for the site of the Lazaret cave are identified : Sterna sandvicensis and Calidris alpina. The study of bird remains of Kalamakia and Karain E gives original data for the Pleistocene avifauna of Greece and Turkey. The taphonomical study shows that pigeon and Alpine Chough are mainly of natural origin. At the Lazaret Cave, a nocturnal raptor is involved in their accumulation too. The Galliform remains are brought by a nocturnal raptor. At the Lazaret Cave, the man's interest in Rock Dove for a food reason is attested. Nevertheless, the consumption of birds should be minor
Guennouni, Khalid El. "Les lapins du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur de quelques sites préhistoriques de l'Europe méditerranéenne : Terra-Amata, Orgnac 3, Baume Bonne, grotte du Lazaret, grotte du Boquete de Zafarraya, Arma delle Manie : étude paléontologique, taphonomique et archéozoologique". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494185.
Texto completoMejri, Hajer. "Paléorivages marins pléistocènes du littoral est tunisien : chronologie IRSL, paléoenvironnements et régime tectonique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10132/document.
Texto completoAlong the coast of the Tunisian Sahel, the Pleistocene littoral deposits are organized into three distinct marine formations: Douira, Rejiche and Chebba defined by Paskoff and Sanlaville (1976) and later redefined by Mahmoudi (1988) in terms of lithostratigraphic units Douira, Khniss and Réjiche. However, the chronostratigraphy, the distribution and the relationship between tectonics and eustatism during the Middle and Upper Pleistocene remained so far problematic. The present thesis offers to establish regional chronostratigraphic subdivisions by means of IRSL luminescence dating. The IRSL ages of the Pleistocene littoral deposits (marine, lagoonal and eolian) from the eastern Cap Bon peninsula, the Sahel area and Southeastern Tunisia, are ranging between 335 ka and 66 ka. They are subdivided into six units correlative with MIS 9, MIS 7, MIS 6/5, MIS 5.5, MIS 5.3/5.1 and MIS 4. These IRSL ages demonstrate that the pre-tyrrhenian littoral deposits assigned to the Douira unit belong to two distinct marine interglacial high stands correlative of MIS 9 and MIS 7. The IRSL results of the Tyrrhenian littoral deposits from eastern Tunisia (Khniss and Rejiche units), so far assigned to MIS 5.5, are consistent with a longer chronology that extends from the MIS 6/5 transition to MIS 4. The detailed tectonic analysis of fault populations and joint sets data affecting these Middle and Upper Pleistocene littoral units (MIS 9 to MIS 4) enabled to specify the tectonic regime. It also helped to ascertain the different stress tensors. The latter were classified and compared with each other according to the chronostratigraphic data. The new lithostratigraphic, chronological, sedimentological and tectonic data obtained in this thesis are then replaced in the context of the western Mediterranean basin
El, Hamouti Najib. "Contribution à la reconstitution de la paléohydrologie et de la paléoclimatologie du Maghreb et du Sahara au Quaternaire supérieur à partir des diatomées". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112192.
Texto completoThis work attemps to reconstruct the evolution of the lacustrine palaeoenvironments in the Maghreb and the Sahara during the late Quaternary, by using diatoms. Two geographical sectors are investigated : the Middle Atlas (Morocco), and the Aïr (Niger). In the first part, the background of palaeoenvironmental recontructions based on diatoms are presented. Ecological data on the investigated species and assemblages encountered in the late Quaternary lacustrine sequences (lake Tigalmamine, Middle Atlas; Tin Ouaffadene and Adrar Bous, Aïr) are derived from modern regiôhal references, and/or from literature. The second part reconstitutes the lake Tigalmamine paleohydrology and paleoclimatology since 18 ka B. P. . The marginal and central cores analysis provides the major following conclusions: from 18 to 16. 3 ka B. P. Swampy, cool environments. From 16 to 9 ka B. P. A shallow, freshwater lake has experienced regression (swampy, cool environments)at about 12 ka B. P. . The reestablishment of stable humid conditions occurred at about 9-8. 5 ka B. P. . However brief regressions are registered around 7. 3-6. 8 ka and 3. 5 ka B. P. . The third part deals with the Tin Ouaffadene and Adrar Bous basins. A flood plain environment is recorded at Adrar Bous at about 88 ka B. P. . A shallow late Pleistocene lake (20-14 ka B. P. ?) is described in Tin Ouaffadene. Freshwater, eutrophic lakes occupied the two depressions from about 10 to 7. 5 ka B. P. . In conclusion, the. Reestablishment of generally humid conditions at the Holocene occured at about 9-8. 5 ka RP. In the Maghreb, and at about 10 ka B. P. In the Sahara
El, Guennouni Khalid. "Les lapins du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur de quelques sites préhistoriques de l'Europe méditerranéenne : Terra-Amata, Orgnac 3, Baume Bonne, la grotte du Lazaret, la grotte du Boquete de Zafarraya, Arma delle Manie. Étude paléontologique, achéozoologique et taphonomique". Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494185.
Texto completoRoger, Thierry. "L'avifaune du Pléistocène moyen et supérireur du bord de la Méditerranée européenne : Orgnac 3, Lazaret (France), Caverna delle Fate, Arma delle Manie (Italie), Kalamakia (Grèce), Karain E (Turquie). Paléontologie, Taphonomie et Paléoécologie". Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486167.
Texto completoLocht, Jean-Luc. "Le gisement paléolithique moyen de Beauvais (Oise)". Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50377-2004-24-1.pdf.
Texto completoOrain, Ronan. "Environnements et climats des Homininés au Pléistocène moyen en Italie centrale et méridionale au Pléistocène moyen : apports de l'analyse pollinique". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MNHN0029.
Texto completoDuring the Middle Pleistocene, a set of human populations, characterized by the Lower Palaeolithic Mode 2 traditions, occupied Italy. Sites such as Notarchirico, La Pineta, Loreto, Fontana Ranuccio and Guado San Nicola point to preferential settlements in the valleys of Central and Southern Apennines. Palynology represents a powerful method to extract palaeoecological, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic data from sedimentary archives that are contemporaneous of these occupations. Thus, the infilling sequence of the Boiano basin (Molise, Italy) documents the environmental dynamics that occurred in this part of the Southern Apennines during the Middle Pleistocene. Palynology clarified the chronostratigraphy of the deposits by highlighting the vegetation changes between isotope stages 13 and 9, providing the first records of MIS 11 and MIS 9 in Italy. The reconstructed vegetation trends showthe succession of a Mediterranean interglacial during MIS 13, an intense glacial phase during MIS 12 and a temperate and wet interglacial during MIS 11. Finally, following a hiatus corresponding to MIS 10, a Mediterranean interglacial episode dated to MIS 9 ends the sequence. Interglacial phases are characterized by the succession of deciduous forests, with a few xerophyte taxa during Mediterranean episodes, then altitude coniferous forests. The only glacial phase records open environments with limited steppe development. Pollen based environmental reconstructions and climate quantifications through the Coexistence Approach method illustrate that humidity is the most important key factor along climate phases recorded among the sequences from the Southern Apennines. However, all over the sequence, the record of high amounts of Cyperaceae indicate the maintenance of important edaphic humidity, favored by the basin morphology. The continuous presence of wet conditions influenced the local vegetation development. The Boiano basin thus constituted a refuge area for taxa requiring important humidity. Carya persisted until MIS 9, its latest record in Western Europe. In the meantime, Picea maintained thanks to local humidity and propitious altitude niches on the surrounding reliefs. On the other hand, these conditions limited the development of taxa requiring dry soils. Thus, Quercus is never abundant at Boiano, whereas it is often the dominant taxon in the other Middle Pleistocene interglacial records of southern Italy. Mediterranean vegetation is also rather scarce during interglacial phases. Finally, the development of Fagus occurred later at Boiano with respect to the other basins of southern Italy. The density of prehistoric sites in central and southern Italy could be explained by the abundance and diversity of resources that the regional biodiversity offered in the local ecosystems, but also by the opportunity for human populations to regionally persist during the glacial phases in refuge areas. These protected environments could have led to the persistence of humidity requiring ecosystems, from which hominines could have maintained their behaviors despite the climate changes whose effects on local environments would have been weakened
Michel, Véronique. "Etude des influences des processus de fossilisation sur le fondement de la datation radiométrique. Application à la datation par U-Th et ESR de mâchoires (os, dent) de cervus elaphus des niveaux archéologiques de la grotte du Lazaret". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MNHN0006.
Texto completoBoutillier-Uzunidis, Antigone. "Grands herbivores de la fin du Pléistocène moyen au début du Pléistocène supérieur dans le sud de la France : implications anthropologiques pour la lignée néandertalienne". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0282/document.
Texto completoThe fossil remains of large herbivores (genus Bos, Bison, Equus, Coelodonta and Stephanorhinus) are frequent in the archaeo-paleontological record in the South of France during the Middle and Late Pleistocene. The biometrical study of bones and teeth remains from 11 sites (Camp-de-peyre, La Micoque, Igue des Rameaux, Payre, Lunel-Viel, Rigabe, Suard, Combe-Grenal, Pech de l’Azé II, Coudoulous II, Peyre) and 22 bone ensembles/layers, consolidates by factorial statistical analysis, allow us to define the degree of contextual adaptation and the evolutionary trend of each taxon which in turn refine their biochronological contribution. Diet habit of each taxon, local environments and seasonal variations are documented by dental meso- and micro-wear studies. Thanks to these two combined approaches, biometrical and ecometrical, we were able to significantly increase our knowledge about the paleoenvironmental context of each studied site. Our study brings new data about anatomical and ethological studied of large ungulates. We also display new results about the territory management by herbivores and then on their relationships with predators, human and non-human. Thus, we highlight Pre-Neandertalian original predation and acquisition strategies in South of France focusing on one species (Equus) in a territorial range larger than other carnivores’ (such as hyenids)
Pasty, Jean-François. "Le paléolithique moyen au nord mauritanien". Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10075.
Texto completoThis study concerns more particularly the aterian of tiris (north mauritania). The author approaches at first the position of aterians occupations and the stratigraphic position of lithic industries. The analysis of the different deposits associated to these last gives important informations on the climatical evolution of this region during the late quaternary and is also a way to date prehistoric occupations. The author studies then, from archaeological data of three sites of surface, the behavior of aterians people in a techno-economic, techno-psychological and typological perspective. The technological approach is centered on the exploitation and management of regional lithics resources as well as on concepts, methods and techniques of productions implemented. The typological approach privileges management of supports as well as general characteristics of the kit. According to available data concerning activities realized to the interior or outside of sites, different economic behaviours are thus defined. The totality of obtained results are then compared with these others regions of the sahara so as to determine what manners individualizes the aterian of this region and so as to specify its geographic and cultural origin and evolution
Mgeladze, Ana. "Premières phases de peuplement dans le Caucase : étude des assemblages lithiques des sites géorgiens de Dmanissi (Pleistocène inférieur), de Koudaro I et de Tsona (Pleistocène moyen)". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MNHN0001.
Texto completoThe discovery of Dmanisi (Georgia), dated 1. 77 million years, has changed the approach to the theory about the first human settlement in Eurasia. This study gives us the opportunity to follow the behavior of the pleistocene hominids outside Africa. This work includes studies of the whole collection of the lithic assemblage as well as the determination of the raw material. Hominids have mainly used local volcanic rocks. Existence of cores and flakes show that tools have been knapped on the site. Kudaro I and Tsona are nowadays the rare archaeological sites, found in stratigraphy, from the acheulean period. The study of this stone industry gives us the opportunity to reveal its original characteristics, that can be explained on one hand by the human expansion towards northern regions, and on the other hand by a spreading of the acheulean culture from Africa, through the Levant, and also by the presence of the Great Caucasus as a barrier for behavioral strategy and mobility of the hominids
Palacio, Pauline. "Analyse métagénomique d'échantillons de carnivores du Pléistocène supérieur et de leur alimentation". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS259/document.
Texto completoCoprolites have long been used in palynology for paleoenvironments reconstruction. They also are an important source of information on the DNA of the producing species and its diet. Using numerous archeological samples from several caves, including the Chauvet-Pont d’Arc cave, we studied coprolites for two species: the wolf, Canis lupus and the cave hyena, Crocuta crocuta spelaea.Using a canid coprolite from the Chauvet cave, dated back to 34 500 years, we obtained a complete mitochondrial genome sequence. Phylogenetic analyses highlight a maternal lineage that positions outside the diversity of extant dogs and wolfs. Then, analyzes conducted on the nuclear genes showed that the Chauvet canis lupus specimen does not display obvious indication of domestication. Analysing the coprolite for other species to indicate the diet of this specimen, we detected cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) DNA sequences.Second, using many cave hyena coprolites, a flexible diet consisting of large as well as small animals was demonstrated for this extinct carnivore. Focusing the analysis on a coprolite samples that contained large amounts of bovine DNA, we obtained for the first time a complete mitochondrial genome sequence for the extinct European forest bison, Bison schoetensacki. In parallel, a bone sample for the extinct steppe bison provided the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence for Bison priscus. These two genome sequences shed new lights on the phylogeny of Bovinae
Joannin, Sébastien. "Changements climatiques en Méditerranée à la transition Pléisctocène inférieur-moyen : pollens, isotopes stables et cyclostratigraphie". Lyon 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347549.
Texto completoPollen analysis has been performed on six sections (Santa Lucia, Montalbano Jonico, Site ODP 976; Tsampika and Shamb) placed along a 4,000 km long transect from the Western Mediterranean region to Little Caucasus. These sections recorded same vegetation changes related to climatic cycles occurred throughout the Mediterranean region during the Early-Middle Pleistocene (1. 600-0. 700 Ma), despite an observed longitudinal gradient. Mesothermic taxa were affected by the increasing aridity and the extremes related to climatic cycles during this considered time-window. “Long-term” vegetation successions were controlled by climatic cycles related to the obliquity forcing. A similar vegetation dynamics with short and longer-term durations were forced by precession and its modulator (the eccentricity), respectively. Influences of both parameters were superimposed. The expected shift from obliquity to 100 ka long-cycles related to eccentricity is not observed in the Mediterranean region during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition
Soriano, Sylvain. "Outillage bifacial et outillage sur éclat au paléolithique ancien et moyen : coexistence et interaction". Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100137.
Texto completoTehet, Régis. "Paléohydrologie et paléoclimatologie du sud-est nigérien au Pléistocène supérieur et à l'Holocène (Programme Palhydaf, site 4)". Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112407.
Texto completoVilla, Valentina. "Environnements et occupations paléolithiques d'Italie centrale : la longue séquence pléistocène moyen de Valle Giumentina". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/da774554-7fc4-43e0-9db5-fb13e992e402.
Texto completoAn integrated multidisciplinary study (sedimentology, geochemistry, micromorphology, biomarker analysis, geochronology and tephrochronology) was undertaken on the sedimentary infill of the Valle Giumentina basin (Abruzzo, Italy). In the 1950s an outstanding archaeological sequence, composed of nine human occupation levels ascribed to Acheulean eand Clactonian, was discovered inside this continental succession, 45m deep. Since then, the site is a reference for the definition of the Italian and European Lower Palaeolithic. This study depicts an evolution of the Valle Giumentina basin in four phases during the Middle Pleistocene, on a time span comprised between 600 and 400 ka, corresponding to MIS15-MIS12. The comparison with the contemporaneous palaeoenvironmental archives highlights that Valle Giumentina is a high-precision record and that its evolution is close to the East-Mediterranean sites. The new chronostratigraphic framework built by our results allows to precise the chronology of each archaeological level and to reconstruct the environmental context of the Palaeolithic human occupations
Questa tesi presenta lo studio pluridisciplinare (sedimentologia, geochimica, micromorfologia, studi dei bioindicatori, geocronologia e tefrostratigrafia) realizzato sul riempimento sedimentario del bacino di Valle Giumentina (Abruzzo, Italia). La lunga sequenza continentale conservata all'interno del bacino, profonda 45 metri, ha restituito negli anni 1950 nove livelli di occupazione preistorici, attributi all'Acheuleano e al Clactoniano. Da allora il sito rappresenta un riferi-mento per la definizione del Paleolitico inferiore d'Italia e d'Europa. I risultati del nostro studio hanno permesso di elabo-rare una ricostruzione dettagliata dell'evoluzione del bacino di Valle Giumentina, che si articola in quattro fasi principali durante il Pleistocene medio e che documenta due cicli interglaciale-glaciale completi, tra 600 e 400 ka, correlati con gli stadi isotopici (MIS) 15-12. Il confronto tra Valle Giumentina e i siti paleoclimatici contemporanei di riferimento, rivela che la sua successione stratigrafica rappresenta un archivio estremamente dettagliato, la cui evoluzione é simile a quella delle lunghe sequenze del Mediterraneo orientale. Il quadro cronostratigrafico definito nell'ambito del presente lavoro di tesi permette inoltre di precisare la cronologia di ciascuno dei livelli archeologici e di ricostruire il contesto ambientale delle occupazioni paleolitiche
Sekhr, Aziza. "Etude archéozoologie des niveaux aurignaciens (couches 14 à 6) et de la base des niveaux gravettiens (niveaux X à T4) de l'Abri Pataud (les Eyzies, Dordogne) : Paléoécologie, taphonomie, palethnographie". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MNHN0017.
Texto completoBochaton, Corentin. "Squamates du Pléistocène supérieur et de l'Holocène de l'archipel guadeloupéen : évolution de la biodiversité et interactions avec l'Homme". Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0026.
Texto completoCurrent human impact on the biosphere affects all living organisms and environments. This global phenomenon is often considered as the origin of the 6th mass earth extinction crisis. Yet, the quantification of the effects of this crisis can be problematic because it started long before scientists started to investigate it and to produce reference data. This issue is especially obvious in fragile ecosystems, like islands, which environments could have been quickly modified in relation with anthropogenic phenomena before their biodiversity can have been described. In this case, fossil bones are often the sole remaining remains of past ecosystems and the only possibility to study them. My PhD work is interested in squamate (snakes and lizards) past biodiversity of the Guadeloupe Islands (French West Indies). I studied more than 40 000 fossil bones of squamates from 31 archaeological and paleontological deposits dated from Late Pleistocene (40 000 B. P.) to nowadays. My study reveals the evolution of the diversity of these reptiles along with their relations with past human populations. The results are obtained using several methods (comparative anatomy, traditional and geometric morphometrics, paleohistology and zooarchaeology) and thanks to new methodological tools I developed dedicated to the study of squamate bone remains. My results show the limited impact on squamate faunas of Amerindian human populations who inhabited Guadeloupe islands during more than 4 000 years. Indeed, although these populations seem to have hunted some squamates (iguanas and ameivas) and slightly contributed to enrich squamate diversity, they do not seem to be the cause of any extinction event. At the opposite, European populations who colonized Guadeloupe Islands since the XVIIth century strongly impacted the native squamate biodiversity. These effects take the forms of morphological modification of some taxa (size reduction, reduction of morphological variability) and partial (decrease of geographic distribution) or total extinction of many taxa. Indeed, the extinction rate of squamates species in Guadeloupe during the last 300 years is estimated between 47 and 56%. This recent mass extinction phenomenon strongly contrasts with the apparent stability of the squamate diversity between Pleistocene and the first half of Holocene revealed by fossil data. These results show the interest of studying late quaternary fossil faunas to better understand the impact of Human on its environment, a field of research still largely underdeveloped especially concerning squamates
Echchat, Rachid. "Étude stratigraphique, sédimentologique et micromorphologique du remplissage Pléistocène supérieur de la grotte Tournal (Bize-Minervois, Aude)". Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0852.
Texto completoThe stratigraphy of the Tournal cave deposits has been established from stratigraphical, sedimentological and micromorphological studies, thus making possible the paleoenvironmental reconstitution of the Languedoc Region during the Upper Pleistocene and helping to situate the site within the chronological framework of the Quaternary period. The Tournal cave is located near the Bize-Minervois village in the Aude Department. The cave opens up towards the west in a Rognacien solid mass, at the foot of a 30 m high cliff, below the Verdeyre plate. The sedimentary deposits date to between 80 000 and 10 000 years old, that is to say, from the Mousterian (beginning of the last glaciation) to the end of the Magdalenian (end of the last glaciation) periods. The cave filling may be subdivided into four units: - Unit I, at the base of stratigraphy, consists of gravel and of green clays. It appears to have been deposited during cold and dry climatic conditions with wet episodes. Attributed to isotopic stage 4, it contains the oldest Mousterian level of the site. - Unit II, Mousterian at the base and Aurignacian at the top, is characterized by an increase in the clayey-muddy fraction and a reduction in the other fractions which compose the sediment. This part of the filling, seems to have been deposited during very wet climatic conditions. It is attributed to isotopic stage 3. - Unit III (breccia and gravel with coprolithes) and Unit IV (pink silt and breccia), respectively yielded Aurignacian and Magdalenian tools. This sequence is attributed to isotopic stage 2
Gagnepain, Jean. "Etude magnétostratigraphique des sites du pléistocène inferieur et moyen des Alpes maritimes et d'Italie : la grotte du Vallonnet, Marina Airport, Ca'Belvedere di monte Poggiolo, Isernia la Pineta, Venosa Loreto". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MNHN0009.
Texto completoMestour, Brahim. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de mise en place et d'évolution du remplissage de la Baume-Bonne (Quinson, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France) : Apports de l'analyse minéralogique et micromorphologique des dépôts phosphatés et des dépôts carbonatés". Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01045053.
Texto completoFréchengues, Michel. "Stratigraphie séquentielle et micropaléontologie du Trias moyen-supérieur des Pyrénées franco-espagnoles". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30049.
Texto completoJoannin, Sebastien. "Changements climatiques en Méditerranée à la transition Pléistocène inférieur-moyen : pollens, isotopes stables et cyclostratigraphie". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347549.
Texto completoLes cycles climatiques forcés par l'obliquité se répercutent sous la forme de successions de végétation à long terme. La même dynamique de végétation existait à court et à plus long terme. Elle était forcée par la précession et son modulateur, l'excentricité. L'influence de ces paramètres se superpose, il n'y a pas de relais de l'obliquité par l'excentricité en Méditerranée durant la transition du Pléistocène inférieur-moyen.
Richard, Maïlys. "Chronologie des occupations humaines au Pléistocène supérieur dans le Jura Souabe, Allemagne et dans les vallées de la Saône et du Rhône, France, par les méthodes de la résonance de spin électronique et des séries de l’uranium, ESR/U-Th". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MNHN0027.
Texto completoIn Western Europe, the Upper Pleistocene is characterized by the presence of Homo neanderthalensis during the Middle Palaeolithic, and by the arrival of Homo sapiens between 45 and 30 ka, which corresponds to the beginning of Upper Palaeolithic. The presence of Neanderthals has been documented in several sites located in the Swabian Jura (Germany) and in the Saone and Rhone valleys (France). These regions also provided among the most ancient remains attributed to Homo sapiens. The establishment of the chronological framework of seven major sites situated in these three geographical zones represents therefore a great interest in the study of this key-period for Human Evolution. For this period, the application of ESR/U-Th dating in karstic context is constrained by the measurement of low equivalent dose, due to very low uranium content in dental tissues and burial time of the fossil teeth in sediments. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the measurements of uranium content and isotopic ratios in order to calculate the dental tissues dose rates. Consequently, the annual dose depends mainly on gamma dose rate. The cosmic dose rate, whose contribution is usually low, can represent, in case of low radioactivity in the sediment, more than 40% of the annual dose rate. The results of ESR/U-Th dating are in agreement with radiocarbon ages obtained on Early Aurignacian layers in Swabian Jura, confirming the early presence of Homo sapiens in this area, as soon as 40-35 ka. The Middle Palaeolithic layers, have been dated between 100 ka et 40 ka; it suggests a persistence of the Neanderthal occupations during MIS 3 in these three regions, which could be contemporaneous with the first manifestations of Upper Palaeolithic in Western Europe
Sam, Youcef. "Étude paléontologique, archéozoologique et taphonomique des grands mammifères du site Pléistocène moyen d'Orgnac 3 (Ardèche, France)". Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0851.
Texto completoMany large mammal bones have been discovered in Orgnac 3. The faunal association, composed of nearly 30 species, is characteristic of the Middle Pleistocene. The site shows changes of its morphology along time. At the beginning of the human settlement, the site was a cave, then a shelter and at the end an open-air site. This site is a good example to observe the spatial organisation in various contexts. Materiel distribution shows that humans lived essentially around the wall; they hunted the most abundant local game (deers in lower levels, large bovids ann horses in the upper sequence). Other herbivores testify to a sporadic hunt. Whole carcasses being brought to the camp before being cut up. From the patterns of fracturing of the long bones and butchery marks the principal steps in the preparation of game for nourishment can be followed. The presence of simple bone tools is also shown
Coutard, Sylvie. "Formations quaternaires en bordure d'une mer épicontinentale, la Manche : tectonique, eustatisme, climat et occupations humaines. Exemple du Val de Saire (Normandie, France)". Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2082.
Texto completoGardeisen, Armelle. "Restes fauniques et stratégies de chasse dans le Pléistocène supérieur de la grotte ouest du Portel (Ariège, France)". Montpellier 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON30002.
Texto completoWe have analyzed of 87054 bones and teeth of the west cave at Le Portel, focusing on the geochemical conditions of preservation and fossilization. In order of importance, we have identified 21 species, among the large herbivore community Rangifer tarandus, Equus caballus germanicus, Bison priscus, Cervus elaphus, Capreolus capreolus, Capra pyrenaica, Rupicapra rupicapra, Megaloceros giganteus, Coelodonta antiquitatis, Mammuthus primigenius, Sus scrofa (large herbivore community) and Canis lupus, Vulpes vulpes, Crocuta crocuta spelaea, Ursus spelaeus, Meles mels, Martes martes, Mustela putorius, Panthera (leo) spelaea, Lynx lynx, Felix sylvestris. It is possible to predict that the environmental conditions under which the large mammal community existed was an arcticor cold open biotope (steppe,toundra). The archaezoological analysis provide data on the hunting strategies and reveal an opportunistic behavior of the neandertal man. Nevertheless, the exploitation of the main ongulates (reindeer, horse, bison, red deer) shows a selective pattern in the hunting strategy by the sex and age composition of species samples. Le portel may have been a strategic hunting location where a multicomponent site has been formed, producing evidence for many episods of killing and butching leading to the early Wurm (upper Pleistocene, isotopic stage 6-3)
Stoetzel, Emmanuelle. "Les microvertébrés du site d'occupation humaine d'El Harhoura 2 (Pléistocène supérieur, Holocène, Maroc) : systématique, évolution, taphonomie et paléoécologie". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0045.
Texto completoSmall vertebrate remains found in archaeological context can provide important information on the evolution of biodiversity and palaeoenvironments of a precise geographical region, and on the origin and the history of the deposits. However, very few studies are specifically dedicated to small fossil vertebrates in North Africa, especially for the end of the Quaternary period. The El Harhoura 2 cave is located in the region of Rabat-Temara (Morocco), a geographical zone of major interest with regard to understanding the prehistory of North Africa. This cave was occupied by several human populations since the beginning of the Late Pleistocene until the Holocene, corresponding to Middle Palaeolithic (Aterian), Upper Palaeolithic (Iberomaurusian) and Neolithic cultures. This site has also yielded abundant microfauna, which allowed us to realize the first study considering simultaneously rodents, insectivores, amphibians and reptiles with an interdisciplinary approach (systematic, taphonomy, palaeoenvironments) for a maghrebian archaeological site. About 30 taxa have been identified (at least 10 small mammals, 6 amphibians and 13 reptiles) from a material composed by more than 35,000 identifiable bones. The taphonomic study shows that the major cause of accumulation is predation (several types of predators occurred along the stratigraphy), and that no transport by water occurred. The deposits seem few perturbated, only by local bioturbations (roots, burrows), and taphonomic biases appear weak. Thus we attempted palaeoenvironmental reconstructions by using several palaeocological indexes. The microvertebrates of El Harhoura 2 have recorded an alternation of dry and wet periods during Late Pleistocene and Holocene, with a closing/opening of the landscape, and a reduction/development of water sources in the vicinity of the cave. We also discuss particular limits of our results and interpretations, due to an important lack of taxonomic, ecological and taphonomic knowledge in North Africa