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Stavor, Katherine Monique. ""Touching On" Positive and Negative Affect". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297766.
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The current study investigates relations among touch, positive affect, negative affect and attachment style in romantically involved individuals. Touch is known to strengthen relationships in primates and is a key factor in mother-child bonds. Human touch has also shown regulatory effects in stressful situations. It is hypothesized that a combination of touch factors, including duration and location, will decrease negative affect and increase positive affect in romantically involved females. It is predicted that male and female’s individual attachment styles and relationship quality will mediate this effect. One hundred and fifty-two participants, or 76 couples, were studied during a 5-minute segment where the couple discussed a topic of contention in their relationship. The duration and location of touch were coded independently for both the male and the female. The affect measure coded by SPAFF was also coded independently for each partner. Initial results have revealed differences within and between couples.
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Crutchfield, Audra. "Negative affect and positive symptoms of psychosis". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12109/.
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The current study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the factor-to-factor relations and temporal associations between disturbances in negative affect (NA) and positive symptoms of psychosis (PP). Data were drawn from a large, public-domain data set (MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study). A dimensional approach was used to conceptualize and identify latent variables of NA (depression, anxiety, and guilt) and PP (hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorder) among individuals with a diagnosis of primary psychotic disorder. Results showed that anxiety, guilt, and depressed mood modeled an NA latent variable, and that hallucinations and unusual thought content modeled a PP latent variable. As predicted, results revealed strong, significant cross-sectional (synchronous) associations between NA and PP at each measured time-frame, suggesting that NA and PP occurred concurrently within the sample. Contrary to predictions, no significant cross-lagged effect between NA and PP was identified (10 weeks and 20 weeks respectively).
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Boiroux, Florian. "Exploration du rôle de la positivité dans la santé mentale". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. https://bdr-parisnanterre-fr.faraway.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100126/2019PA100126_Archv.pdf.
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La positivité, facteur commun et latent entre l'estime de soi, l'optimisme et la satisfaction de vie, est la “disposition de base” de l’affect positif. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’explorer l’influence de la positivité sur la santé mentale. Elle se décompose en trois objectifs : - (1) définir la place de la positivité dans la subjectivité de la santé mentale en proposant : (a) de concevoir la structure de la dimension cognitive de manière multidimensionnelle, impliquant la présence des dimensions Cognition positive et Cognition négative, (b) d’adapter et de valider l’échelle de positivité de Caprara et collaborateurs (2012) en langue française, (c) un modèle de la subjectivité mentale composé de quatre dimensions : la Cognition positive, la Cognition négative, l’Affect positif et l’Affect négatif. - (2) déterminer le rôle de la positivité parmi les autres indicateurs de la santé mentale positive en explorant : (1) l’influence majeure de la positivité sur le fonctionnement psychologique positif, l’affect positif et l’affect négatif, (2) la fonction de la positivité dans l’influence de la régulation motivationnelle autonome des comportements sur le bonheur. - (3) identifier le rôle de la positivité dans l’effet de la régulation émotionnelle fonctionnelle sur la sphère affective de la santé mentale, que ce soit dans les situations positives ainsi que dans les situations négatives. Enfin, cette thèse présente un méta-modèle expliquant la place et l’influence prépondérante de la positivité sur la santé mentale. En s’appuyant sur la méta-théorie de l’autodétermination, il sera proposé une articulation théorique reflétant le développement de la positivité, de manière analogue à celui de l’être humainPositivity, a common and latent factor between self-esteem, optimism and life satisfaction, is the "basic disposition" of positive affect. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the influence of positivity on mental health. It is made up upon three objectives : - (1) to define the place of positivity in the subjectivity of mental health by proposing : (a) to conceive the structure of the cognitive dimension in a multidimensional way, involving the presence of the dimensions of positive cognition and negative cognition, (b) adapt and validate the positivity scale of Caprara and collaborators (2012) in French, (c) a model of mental subjectivity composed of four dimensions : positive cognition, negative cognition, positive affect and negative affect. - (2) to determine the role of positivity among the other indicators of positive mental health by exploring : (1) the major influence of positivity on positive psychological functioning, positive affect and negative affect, (2) the function of positivity in the influence of autonomous motivational regulation of behaviors on happiness. - (3) to identify the role of positivity in the effect of functional emotional regulation on the affective sphere of mental health, both in positive and negative situations. Finally, this thesis presents a meta-model explaining the place and the preponderant influence of positivity on mental health. Based on the meta-theory of self-determination, a theoretical articulation will be put forward, reflecting the development of positivity in a similar way to that of the human being
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Hughes, Megan E. "RESPONSES TO POSITIVE AFFECT: AN EXAMINATION OF POSITIVE RUMINATION AND DAMPENING". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/16993.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Recently, Feldman, Joorman, and Johnson (in press) proposed that differences in the ways individuals respond to positive affect (PA) might impact the length and intensity of PA episodes, perhaps leading to changes in long-term mental and physical health. Feldman et al. (in press) suggested that "positive rumination," repetitive positive self- and symptom-focused responses to positive mood, should enhance PA, whereas "dampening" responses should diminish PA. The Response to Positive Affect Scale (RPA; Feldman et al., in press) was created to measure these constructs. Preliminary research has found that measures of positive rumination and dampening help predict mania and depression symptoms. The current study examined the convergent and predictive criterion validity, and reliability of the constructs of positive rumination and dampening through a combination cross-sectional, experimental, and naturalistic follow-up design. Temple University undergraduates (Phase I N = 1,281, Phase II N = 181, Phase III N = 154) participated in a three-phase study. In Phase I, participants completed the RPA along with a series of positive and negative health and cognition measures. In Phase II, participants were randomly assigned to one of three mood induction groups (negative, neutral, or positive) and completed a series of affect reports over time. One month later, Phase II participants were asked to report on their affect, physical health, mental health, and intervening life events during Phase III. As expected, positive rumination and dampening demonstrated convergent and divergent validity. However, the predictive criterion validity results were mixed, with the constructs predicting some, but not all, responses to mood inductions. The naturalistic follow-up demonstrated that positive rumination interacted with positive life events to predict hypothesized changes in psychological health, but not physical health. The test-retest reliability of the RPA was not acceptable for a trait measure. These results suggest that positive rumination and dampening are important constructs involved in both mental health and illness. Future research should consider alternative strategies for measuring responses to PA, including more realistic experimental paradigms.
Temple University--Theses
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Crutchfield, Audra Louise Neumann Craig Stephen. "Negative affect and positive symptoms of psychosis". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12109.
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Neiss, Michelle Roseanne y Michelle Roseanne Neiss. "The relationship between positive affect and negative affect: A behavioral genetic analysis". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289180.
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For years, researchers have debated the structure of affect. Although many researchers claim positive and negative affect are independent, others present evidence that the two are bipolar. The current study used a behavioral genetic design as a unique way to address this debate. A national sample of 783 sibling pairs, including 117 identical twins, 160 fraternal twins, and 506 full-sibling non-twin pairs provided information on their positive and negative affect over the past month. A sub-sample of 210 twin pairs provided additional information on their positive and negative affect over daily and weekly time frames. Several different analyses indicated that at the phenotypic level, affect demonstrated a bipolar structure. Multivariate behavioral genetic analyses were used to estimate common genetic and environmental factors that influence the relationship between positive and negative affect, as well as the specific genetic and environmental factors that influence each. These analyses indicated that specific genetic and shared environmental factors were not necessary to explain the relationship between positive and negative affect. This pattern of results was consistent with the bipolar viewpoint. The structure of affect looked to be bipolar across differing time frames. No age differences in the structure of affect were found.
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Fröber, Kerstin [Verfasser] y Gesine [Akademischer Betreuer] Dreisbach. "How positive affect modulates cognitive control: New insights into the specificity of positive affect effects / Kerstin Fröber. Betreuer: Gesine Dreisbach". Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037021320/34.
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Gable, Philip Arvis. "Approach-motivated positive affect reduces broadening of attention". Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1367.
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Fredrick, Joseph William. "Examining the Association Between Family Savoring and Adolescent Depression". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1497633213449115.
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Bergman, Marie y Karin Ekstrand. "Tankens makt - Påverkar abstrakt respektive konkret tänkande affekt efter en positiv händelse? En experimentell studie i en studentpopulation". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-38193.
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Setati, Tsholofelo. "Mental Health Consequences of Unemployment: Mental Health, Somatic Symptoms, Depressive Affect and Positive Affect". Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33018.
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In this dissertation, we endeavoured to investigate the relationship between mental health and labour market changes in South Africa. We started by understanding the relationship between the aggregate CESD-10 and labour market status and then explored whether this aggregate relationship holds true for each of the three mental health factors that make up the CESD-10 score. Using data from the National Income Dynamics Study, waves 1-5, we documented increasing mental health symptoms with employed to other states of unemployment. This follows for somatic symptoms, depressed affect and positive affect, but the source driving the effects differs between factors and with the CESD-10 as well. We found that those who are NEA suffer to a greater extent in positive affect than in the other two factors relative to the employed. For those who are unemployed (discouraged), we see they also experience the strongest detrimental effect to their positive affect relative to the employed. However, they experience lower depressed affect scores relative to the employed. Those who are unemployed (strict), meanwhile, experience greater depressed affect scores out of the three factors when compared to the employed. As such, we expect to see an average increase in depressive symptoms classifications among those moving from employed to NEA statuses. We can also expect an average increase in depressed affect disorder classifications among those moving from employed to NEA labour force status. Likewise, we can expect higher positive affect across the five waves among those moving from a employed to NEA status. We find that, after controlling for observed individual characteristics and utilizing the panel structure of the data by allowing for individual specific fixed effects, negative labour market shifts have a significant negative impact on mental health. The sub-group analysis shows that this has a particularly adverse effect on black people and males.
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Kirkland, Tabitha. "Relationships Between Positive and Negative Affect in Happiness and Hypomania Risk". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1435925962.
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Lund, Jesper. "The Effects of Positive Emotions on School Satisfaction Among Adolescents". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5141.
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The relationship between positive emotions and school satisfaction was studied in 19 adolescents aged 13,57 to 15,17 years (M=14,45, SD=0,446), of these 50% were female. The subjects were all Caucasian native Swedish speakers. Schools satisfaction, life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect and gratitude was measured at the beginning of the study and again fourteen days later. During the fourteen days, the subjects were given a task to carry out each day. The control condition was asked to list up to five things that had affected them during the last day. The experimental condition was asked to list up to five things they were grateful for in the last day. The results did not show any relationship between positive affect and school satisfaction. It is suggested that the results might be caused by either too little time for the intervention to cause a significant effect, by the subjects failing to carry out the given task each day or by too few subjects to rule out random effects.
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Spatny, Jerry. "The positive effects of humor on affect and coping skills". Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1045630.
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The present study examined the relationship of sense of humor to affect and coping with humor ability. The participants were 147 Introductory Psychology students from Ball State University. Participants first took the Situational Humor Response Questionnaire (SHRQ: Martin & Lefcourt, 1984), then observed 1 of 3 videos (i.e., sad, neutral, or humorous), which was then followed by the Coping with Humor Scale (CHS: Martin & Lefcourt, 1983) and the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL: Zuckerman & Lubin, 1965). The results indicate that sense of humor is inversely related to depression and hostility regardless of video condition but not with anxiety. Low sense of humor participants were influenced greatly as a function of the video condition but the high sense of humor paticipants were not. High sense of humor paticipants used humor to cope more than the low sense of humor participants in the sad video condition. The findings indicate that sense of humor is strongly related to depression, that depression levels can be reduced with a humor stimulus, and that those with a high sense of humor are more likely to use humor to cope with problems.Department of Psychological Science
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Whelen, Megan L. "Positive and Negative Affect in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586452794797565.
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Becker, Theresa M. "Differential effects of negative and positive affect on context processing". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5086.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 15, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Patel, Meenal Raj. "Diabetes mellitus and health outcomes : the role of positive affect". Thesis, University of Brighton, 2013. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/1d7643b9-14c7-4e64-be72-d7b49cf726ea.
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Accumulating evidence suggests that Positive Affect (PA) is beneficial in determining health-outcomes. Defined as ‘feelings that reflect a level of pleasurable engagement with the environment, such as happiness, joy and excitement’, PA has been associated with social and physiological factors as well as health practices. The work undertaken in this thesis aimed to investigate the relationship between PA and health-outcomes in people living with and without diabetes mellitus, independent of negative affect (NA).
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Ravyts, Scott. "Sleep and Pain in Older Adults: The Role of Negative and Positive Affect". VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5170.
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Poor sleep is known to contribute to increased levels of pain. Preliminary findings suggest that negative and positive affect may mediate this relationship. Given that older adults are prone to both sleep disturbance and pain, the main objectives of the present study were to: 1) examine the relationship between sleep and pain in a non-clinical pain sample of community-dwelling older adults and 2) to examine whether negative and positive affect mediate the relationship between sleep and pain. Baseline measures from 82 older adults participating in the Active Adult Mentoring Project (AAMP) were used for secondary data analysis. A daily sleep diary was used to assess sleep efficiency (SE), total wake time (TWT), total sleep time (TST), and sleep quality (SQ). Affect was measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), while pain was assessed on an 11-point Likert-scale. Findings only partially corroborated past research; SE, SQ, and TWT each predicted pain, while TST did not. In addition, neither positive nor negative affect was found to mediate the relationship between sleep and pain. Methodological and theoretical explanation for the lack of significant mediation are discussed. Nevertheless, the findings suggest that the assessment and treatment of poor sleep among older adults with pain may be clinically relevant.
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Peñalver, González Jonatan. "Happy and Productive Groups: A compendium of multimethod studies on group positive affect from Positive Psychology". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668535.
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The main aim of this dissertation is to improve our current understanding of the group positive affect in the working context. In order to complete this objective, three research challenges are carried out which attend to both academic and professional needs. A series of chapters have been developed (integrative review and empirical studies) by using different samples (university students, employees), different assessors (employees, supervisors) and different statistical methods (structural equation models, hierarchical models, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis). The results suggest theoretical and practical implications, as well as new lines of research at different levels of an organization.El principal objetivo de la presente tesis doctoral es avanzar en la comprensión del afecto positivo grupal en el contexto laboral. Para cumplir con este objetivo se plantean tres retos de investigación que atienden a necesidades tanto académicas como profesionales. Haciendo uso de diferentes muestras (estudiantes universitarios, empleados), diferentes evaluadores (empleados, supervisores) y diferentes métodos estadísticos (modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, modelos jerárquicos, análisis clúster, análisis discriminantes) se han elaborado una serie de capítulos (revisión integrativa y estudios empíricos). Los resultados suscitan implicaciones teóricas, implicaciones prácticas, así como nuevas líneas de investigación en los diferentes niveles de una organización.
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Hallum, Suhair. "Emotional Intelligence and Positive Affect as Protective Factors Against Burnout in Syrian Teachers". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-124489.
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Bisherige Studien deuten an, dass Emotionale Intelligenz eine wichtige Rolle in der Lehrtätigkeit spielt. Sie hilft dem Lehrer bzw. der Lehrerin mit sich selbst, aber auch mit Schülern klarzukommen. Jedoch ist bislang noch weitgehend unklar, welche Mechanismen dem Zusammenhang zwischen Emotionaler Intelligenz und berufsnahen Kriterien zugrundeliegen. Zur Klärung dieser Frage soll die vorliegende Arbeit einen Beitrag leisten. Emotionale Intelligenz wird dabei in Anlehnung an Mayer und Salovey (1997) als Fähigkeit aufgefasst. Die vorliegende Arbeit umfasst drei Artikel. Der erste Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem Zusammenhang zwischen wahrgenommener Emotionaler Intelligenz des Lehrers und Schülerverhalten im Klassenraum. Gefunden wurde, dass Lehrer über weniger unpassendes Verhalten ihrer Schüler berichten, wenn sie selbst über hohe emotionale Fähigkeiten verfügen. Hohe Emotionale Intelligenz scheint positiv verbunden zu sein mit der Tendenz, auf die Bedürfnisse der Schüler zu fokussieren, die wiederum weniger unpassendes Verhalten im Klassenraum zeigen. Im zweiten Artikel wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Emotionaler Intelligenz und Burnout untersucht. Proaktives Coping wurde als Mediator zwischen Emotionaler Intelligenz und Burnout angenommen. Daneben wurde geprüft, ob die wahrgenommene Unterstützung durch den Vorgesetzten den vermuteten Zusammenhang zwischen Emotionaler Intelligenz und Burnout und die Dimension moderiert. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Lehrer mit hoher Emotionaler Intelligenz deshalb weniger Burnout-Symptome zeigen, weil sie dazu tendieren, proaktives Coping als Strategie der Stressbewältigung zu nutzen. Sie können ihre Kompetenzen und Ressourcen offensichtlich situationsangemessen einsetzen, um emotional anspruchsvolle Situationen am Arbeitsplatz zu meistern. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich, dass wahrgenommene Unterstützung durch den Vorgesetzten den Zusammenhang zwischen Emotionaler Intelligenz und Burnout moderiert: Für Lehrer, die angaben, von ihrem Vorgesetzten unterstützt zu werden, zeigte sich der indirekte Effekt von Emotional Intelligenz auf wahrgenommene Leistungsfähigkeit über proaktives Coping deutlicher. Die Beziehung zwischen positivem und negativem Affekt, Arbeitszufriedenheit und Burnout ist Inhalt des dritten Artikels. Gefunden wurde, dass Lehrer mit hohem positiven Affekt zufriedener mit ihrer Arbeit sind als Lehrer, die negativen Affekt im Zusammenhang mit ihrer Arbeit berichten. Darüber hinaus war Arbeitszufriedenheit negativ mit dem Level an Burnout verbunden. Die Ergebnisse der Mediationsanalyse zeigen, dass Arbeitszufriedenheit den Zusammenhang zwischen Affekt und Burnout vermittelt. Zusammenfassend lässt sich also sagen, dass Lehrer mit hoher wahrgenommener Emotionaler Intelligenz erfolgreicher und zufriedener im Beruf sind und zudem eine höhere psychische Gesundheit aufweisen. Schüler von Lehrern mit hohen emotionalen Fähigkeiten scheinen deshalb weniger unpassendes Verhalten im Klassenraum zu zeigen, weil auf sie mehr geachtet und ihre Probleme und Bedürfnisse besser erkannt werden. Emotional intelligente Lehrer versuchen, Problemen im Klassenraum schon bei deren Entstehung zu begegnen, was wiederum dazu führen könnte, dass sie weniger Belastung erleben und langfristig weniger Burnoutsymptome zeigen. Dieser Prozess kann durch die Unterstützung des Vorgesetzten positiv beeinflusst werden. Daneben zeigt sich auch, dass Lehrer, die positiven Affekt gegenüber ihrer Arbeit erfahren, zufriedener mit ihrer Arbeitstätigkeit sind, was wiederum damit verbunden ist, dass jene Lehrer Burnout-Symptome in geringem Maße erleben. Daher scheint es gewinnbringend, in die Personalauswahl Emotionale Intelligenz als ein wichtiges Entscheidungskriterium einzubeziehen. Bestehende Qualifizierungsprogramme sollten zusätzlich auf eine Verbesserung der emotionalen Fähigkeiten abzielen. Weiteres Potential zur Intervention von Burnout besteht im Aufbau oder der Stabilisierung kooperativer Beziehungen zwischen Lehrer und VorgesetztemMany teachers experience high levels of stress from their work, but not all of them suffer from burnout. Why are some teachers less likely to succumb to burnout than others? How can teachers avoid suffering from burnout and continue to have a good influence on the behavior of their students? One reason that some teachers are able to avoid burnout might be that these teachers embody personality characteristics such as emotional intelligence and proactive coping, and these characteristics may act as resources that counteract burnout. Another reason might be that they experience feelings of positive affect from their work and feel satisfied with their jobs. Perhaps this occurs because emotional intelligence helps teachers to understand the emotions of their students and to interact with them. Or perhaps these teachers are engaged in their jobs, and this might reduce the risk of burnout. Proactive coping helps teachers to use their resources to overcome their difficulties and to manage the demands they face, which aids in preventing burnout. Emotional intelligence can help teachers to control their emotions and be able to think effectively and use active strategies to find solutions to their problems. In my thesis, I expected that emotional intelligence would have a direct negative effect on burnout and an indirect effect on it through proactive coping. Furthermore, proactive coping was expected to be positively related to emotional intelligence and negatively related to burnout. Perceived supervisor support in the form of information, advice, and feedback provided by supervisors may help teachers to more actively deal with stressors. I assumed that perceived support from supervisors would moderate the influence of emotional intelligence on reduced personal accomplishment through proactive coping. However, teachers with positive affect tend to derive enjoyment from their work and to find their jobs interesting in spite of many difficulties. They are satisfied with their jobs, and this may prevent them from experiencing burnout. Positive affect is considered to be a stable personality variable, whereas job satisfaction is a temporal attitude toward one’s job; therefore, positive affect was expected to predict job satisfaction and to be positively related to it. Burnout is more of a job outcome that results from having excessive stress for a long time, whereas job satisfaction is an evaluative response to one’s job. Job satisfaction also means that a person enjoys his or her career and is engaged in it; people who are satisfied tend to feel energized and competent and are protected from being at risk of burnout. Thus, job satisfaction was expected to contribute to the prediction of burnout by being negatively linked to it. In addition, teachers who experience positive emotions while working as teachers tend to want to keep working as teachers despite any setbacks that they experience. They have positive attitudes about their jobs and are thus satisfied with them. Therefore, it was expected that positive affect would predict job satisfaction and would be positively related to it. Having positive emotions in the workplace can help teachers to like their work and to find pleasure in it. They then probably exhibit good job performance and this prevents them from suffering from burnout. Therefore, I assumed that job satisfaction would mediate the relation between positive affect and burnout. Little attention has been given to the relation between teachers’ emotional intelligence and student misconduct in the literature, but these factors may be linked. Emotionally intelligent teachers are aware of their own emotions; thus, they can regulate their own negative emotions so they can act as a role model for the students and influence the behavior of their students. Emotional intelligence also helps teachers to understand their students’ emotions, to address their students’ emotions in a positive fashion, and to establish warm relationships with their students. Emotionally intelligent teachers can understand their students and motivates these students so the teachers can focus on helping their students to accomplish their goals. These factors strengthen the relationships between the teachers and their students and have a positive impact on the behavior of the students. This thesis consists of three studies.The aim of the first study was to investigate the link between emotional intelligence and student misconduct through attention to student needs. The findings showed that attention to student needs mediates the emotional intelligence- student misconduct relation. Identifying the factors that are related to burnout is important as this can help to reduce the risk of such negative outcomes. Although many studies have been conducted on the resources that protect teachers from burnout, few studies have examined the relation between burnout and personal resources such as emotional intelligence and proactive coping. Therefore, I tested how these factors are related to burnout in direct and indirect ways. The role of perceived supervisor support has also been neglected. Thus, I tested the relation between emotional intelligence and burnout through proactive coping in the second study. In addition, I tested the moderating role of perceived supervisor support on the link between emotional intelligence and reduced personal accomplishment through proactive coping. The results showed that proactive coping mediated the impact of emotional intelligence on burnout, and perceived supervisor support moderated the influence of emotional intelligence on reduced personal accomplishment through proactive coping. Emotions in the work environment play an essential role in job satisfaction and seem to protect teachers from experiencing burnout. The purpose of the third study was to examine the relations between positive affect, job satisfaction, and burnout and to determine whether job satisfaction would mediate the association between positive affect and burnout. The results indicated that positive affect was positively related to job satisfaction and negatively related to burnout, and job satisfaction functioned as a mediator between positive affect and burnout
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Russell, Emily Brooke Nilsson Johanna E. "Couples in therapy a positive psychology investigation of similarity, personality, positive affect, life satisfaction, and relationship problems /". Diss., UMK access, 2007.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2007."A dissertation in counseling psychology." Advisor: Johanna E. Nilsson. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Jan. 24, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-113 ). Online version of the print edition.
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Anna-Karin, Weivert. "Music and Emotion : The Neural Correlates of Music-Induced Positive Affect". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-9734.
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Listening to music is rated as one of the most pleasurable activities in human life and,in fact, listeners report the emotional impact of music to be one of the main motivatorsas to why they listen to music. This thesis focuses on the positive affective statesexperienced when listening to music and their underlying neural substrates. Despite thefact that research on the neural correlates of music-induced positive affect is arelatively recent undertaking our understanding has significantly improved during thelast decades. The aim of the current thesis is to give an overview of the neuralcorrelates of music-induced positive affect in healthy individuals. As such,psychophysiological, neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies are reviewed.Across studies the consistent involvement of brain regions, such as the orbitofrontalcortex, the striatum and the amygdala and left hemisphere frontal regions in response tomusic-induced positive affect has been found. These structures constitute an importantpart of the mesolimbocortical reward circuitry found to be involved in the processing ofa wide range of pleasures. The thesis also discusses conceptual and methodologicallimitations inherent in the studies reviewed. Understanding the nature and underlyingneural basis of music-induced positive affect is important because of the implications itmay have for psychological and physical wellbeing.
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Cyders, Melissa A. "Development and validation of a measure of positive urgency". Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2005. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukypcps2005t00333/ETMAC05.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2005.Title from document title page (viewed on November 2, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 43 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-41).
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Schroth, Elizabeth A. "Associations between Maternal Positive Affect and Mother-Child Reminiscing about Happiness". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/82.
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Little is known about how maternal positive affect (PA) relates to maternal patterns of emotion socialization about positive emotions. The current study examined the hypothesis that mothers’ self-reported PA, independent of their negative affect (NA), is associated with increased and more appropriate modeling of verbal and nonverbal expressions of positive emotions in mothers. I examined associations between self-reported maternal PA and behaviors during video-taped discussions of times when the mothers and children were happy in 53 healthy mother-child dyads. These tapes were coded using standard observational coding schemes. Results suggest that mothers with higher ratings of PA, independent of NA, positively predicted levels of observed maternal positive involvement and communication while reminiscing. Maternal PA was unrelated to observed dyadic mutual enjoyment, positive emotion words and teaching during mother-child reminiscing. Results add to the existing literature on positive psychology in important ways. Theoretical implications for understanding positive emotions are discussed.
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Rogowski, Augustina. "Improving affect regulation in eating disorders : the case for positive emotions". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9786.
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Evidence from multiple studies suggests that regulation of emotions and intensity of affect may be relevant to understanding disordered eating. Emotion regulation concerns the ways in which emotions are managed in daily life, whereas Affect Intensity (Larsen et al., 1986) refers to individuals‟ typical emotional reactivity. The thesis examines emotion regulation and affect in females with eating pathology (subclinical as well as clinical), and looks at ways dysfunctional regulatory strategies may be improved. The main objective of the present research was to look at the influence of experimentally-induced positive affect on the choice of emotion management strategies. Study 1 looked at typical Affect Intensity and emotion regulation in a sample of subclinically eating-disordered University of Edinburgh students. This study examined functionality of regulatory strategies, typical intensity of affect, and the effects of experimentally induced happiness and sadness on the two. Study 2 introduced the construct of creativity into the discourse on emotions and psychopathology, and looked at creative tendencies in relation to Affect Intensity, emotion regulation and psychopathology (anxiety, depression and sub-clinical eating pathology). Study 3 looked at the effects of Positive Psychology Interventions (PPIs) on emotion regulation, life satisfaction, anxiety and depression in a subclinically eating-disordered group and controls. Studies 4 and 5 were carried out in order to test and extend the results of Studies 1 and 3 with a clinical sample. In Study 4, emotion regulation, Affect Intensity and the immediate post-test effect of happiness on emotion regulation and life satisfaction were examined in females clinically diagnosed with eating disorders (i.e. anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and EDNOS). Study 5 looked at how longitudinal happiness induction influenced emotion regulation, eating behaviours and life satisfaction in eating-disordered individuals. One of the main findings across the studies was that females with subclinical and clinical forms of eating pathology tended to experience negative emotions of high intensity, and used predominantly dysfunctional regulatory strategies to manage them. Another important finding was that experimentally-induced positive emotions improved emotion regulation, and encouraged participants to choose healthier affect management strategies. The studies, their implications and contribution to theory and treatment of eating disorders are discussed.
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Boggero, Ian Andres. "Maintenance of Positive Affect Following Pain in Younger and Older Adults". UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/116.
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Socioemotional selectivity theory posits that as people age, they become motivated and successful at maximizing positive emotions and minimizing negative ones. Yet, 70% of older adults report physical pain, which is associated with negative affect. The strategies and resources that older adults use to maintain positive affect in the face of pain remain largely unknown. Specific positivity-enhancing strategies include recalling, recognizing, and responding to positive stimuli and prioritizing close over knowledgeable social partners. Executive functions (EF, i.e., task-switching, working memory, and inhibition) and heart rate variability (HRV) may be important resources for coping with pain. The current project used two studies to test whether older adults used positivityenhancing strategies and maintained emotional wellbeing following pain more than younger adults; associations with EF and HRV were also investigated. In Study 1, 50 older and 50 younger adults experienced a control and a pain condition, were given the chance to employ positivity-enhancing strategies, and provided EF and HRV data. Study 2 used longitudinal data from community-dwelling older adults (n =150) to test whether task-switching moderated the within-person relationship between pain and wellbeing. In Study 1, after the pain condition, younger adults demonstrated lesser preference toward knowledgeable social partners than older adults (γ = -0.15, p = .016). No other age group x pain condition x valence interactions were found. Older and younger adults did not differ in changes in positive or negative affect following pain. Task-switching and HRV were both associated with reduced preference for knowledgeable social partners following pain, but no other significant EF or HRV interactions were found. Study 2 failed to support the hypothesis that task-switching protected against pain-related declines in wellbeing. Future research on strategies that older adults use to maintain emotional wellbeing in the face of pain is needed.
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Nsamenang, Sheri A. y Jameson K. Hirsch. "Positive Psychological Determinants of Treatment Adherence Among Primary Care Patients". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/700.
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Patient adherence to medical treatment recommendations can affect disease prognosis, and may be beneficially or deleteriously influenced by psychological factors.AimWe examined the relationships between both adaptive and maladaptive psychological factors and treatment adherence among a sample of primary care patients.MethodsOne hundred and one rural, primary care patients completed the Life Orientation Test-Revised, Trait Hope Scale, Future Orientation Scale, NEO-FFI Personality Inventory (measuring positive and negative affect), and Medical Outcomes Study General Adherence Scale.FindingsIn independent models, positive affect, optimism, hope, and future orientation were beneficially associated with treatment adherence, whereas pessimism and negative affect were negatively related to adherence. In multivariate models, only negative affect, optimism and hope remained significant and, in a comparative model, trait hope was most robustly associated with treatment adherence.ImplicationsTherapeutically, addressing negative emotions and expectancies, while simultaneously bolstering motivational and goal-directed attributes, may improve adherence to treatment regimens.
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Wingfield, Emily. "Behavioural activation, positive affect and interpretation bias following positive interpretation training in bipolar disorder and healthy control samples". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505462.
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Background: Theoretical models of mania suggest that people with bipolar disorder might be more susceptible to developing positive or activated mood states and associated cognitive biases. Naturalistic studies offer some support for these models, however replicable experimental induction techniques are also needed. The present study used an imagery-based mood and cognitive bias induction technique, called positive interpretation training (PIT; Holmes, Mathews, Dalgliesh & Mackintosh, 2006) to investigate these considerations. PIT had been used previously in those without a history of affective disorder but the present study was the first to apply it to a clinical population. Method: Individuals with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (n=14) were compared with control participants with no history of depression, dysthymia, mania or hypomania (n=14). All participants were screened for current and past DSM-IV (1994) diagnoses using the SCID-I/P (First, Spitzer, Gibbon & Williams, 2002). Measures of current symptoms, trait anxiety and the tendency to use imagery in everyday life were administered on the day of testing. Measures of positive affect, behavioural engagement, state anxiety and positive and negative cognitive bias were given immediately before and after PIT. Results: Positive affect and behavioural engagement increased in both the bipolar and control groups following PIT, demonstrating that the induction technique was effective. However, there was no difference between groups in the degree to which these variables increased. There were differences between the groups on other measures. State anxiety decreased more following PIT in the bipolar group. On a measure of positive cognitive bias, there was a trend for both groups to show greater positive bias following PIT. Although no significant difference between the groups was found on this measure, effect sizes indicated that the increase in positive bias may have been particularly strong for the bipolar group. Negative cognitive bias decreased in those with bipolar disorder but not in the control group. Conclusions: The results provide preliminary indications that individuals with bipolar disorder show some differences relative to a control group in terms of their response to an imagery-based mood and bias induction technique. The greater reductions in anxiety and negative cognitive bias in those with bipolar disorder may have been a reflection of higher levels of anxiety and negative biases in this group initially, but are nevertheless of clinical relevance. The possibility that improvements in positive cognitive bias may have been stronger for the bipolar group, suggests that elevated positive responses in bipolar groups warrant further investigation. Overall, PIT offers a promising new method for investigating mood state dependent changes in activation and cognitive bias in bipolar disorder.
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Dolan, Megan. "The Effect of Trauma Experiences and PTSD Severity on Positive Memory Recall and Memory Phenomenology". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505173/.
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Positive memories play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Additionally, there are potential clinical benefits of recalling positive memories on affect, cognitions, and behaviors. However, most research/clinical work has focused on the role of traumatic memories in PTSD's symptomatology and treatment. The current study examined positive memory recall difficulties and positive memory phenomenology among 185 trauma-exposed individuals with varying PTSD severity. Participants completed the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Autobiographical Memory Test, Memory Experiences Questionnaire – Short Form, Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale – Brief 16-Item Version, Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale – Positive Emotions, the Positive Affect subscale of the Affective Control Scale, and two items from the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Results showed that (1) greater PTSD severity was a marginally significant predictor of fewer recalled positive memories; (2) greater positive emotional dysregulation predicted fewer recalled positive memories controlling for PTSD severity; and (3) increasing PTSD severity predicted more negative valence, less vividness, less coherence, less accessibility, less clear time perspective, fewer sensory details, and greater distancing ratings of the recalled positive memory, controlling for sleep quantity/quality. Such findings add to the PTSD-positive memory literature by informing PTSD theoretical perspectives; enhancing an understanding of if/how positive memories may be incorporated into PTSD treatments; and highlighting potential clinical targets, such as positive emotional regulation skills, when integrating a focus on positive memories into PTSD intervention.
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Cyders, Melissa A. "MANIPULATION OF POSITIVE EMOTION AND ITS EFFECTS ON NEGATIVE OUTCOMES OF GAMBLING BEHAVIORS AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION: THE ROLE OF POSITIVE URGENCY". Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/923.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2008.Title from document title page (viewed on November 24, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains: vi, 68 p. Includes abstract and vita. Page number iii repeats. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-61).
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Díaz, García Amanda. "The positive affect regulation in an online transdiagnostic protocol for emotional disorders". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665318.
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The general objective of the present dissertation was to analyze, in a randomized controlled study, the efficacy of a transdiagnostic Internet-based treatment for emotional disorders (ED) in a community sample. This study aims to contribute to the literature on the efficacy of transdiagnostic approaches to ED in general, and it more specifically
seeks to explore the possible impact of a specific component designed to up-regulate PA. Combining a transdiagnostic approach with an online therapy format, and adding the specific component for PA, may help to achieve a clear impact on the design and application of future transdiagnostic treatment protocols for ED, as a way to
more effectively address the temperament vulnerabilities, that is, the core aspects of these disorders. Furthermore, this intervention could contribute to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of current psychological treatment programs, promoting the dissemination of evidence-based treatments, and helping to decrease the high prevalence of ED.El objetivo general de la presente tesis doctoral fue estudiar la eficacia de un tratamiento transdiagnóstico basado en Internet para el tratamiento de los trastornos emocionales (TE) en una muestra comunitaria. Este estudio pretende contribuir a la literatura sobre la eficacia de los enfoques transdiagnósticos para los TE en general, y más específicamente busca explorar el posible impacto de un componente específico diseñado para regular el afecto positivo (AP). Combinando un enfoque transdiagnóstico en formato online con la adición de dicho componente, quizá se pueda lograr un impacto en el diseño y aplicación de futuros protocolos de tratamiento transdiagnóstico, abordando más eficazmente las vulnerabilidades del temperamento, aspecto central en estos trastornos. Además, esta intervención podría contribuir a mejorar la eficiencia y la eficacia de los actuales programas de tratamiento psicológico, promoviendo la difusión de tratamientos basados en la evidencia y ayudando a disminuir la alta prevalencia de los TE.
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Fulmer, Russell Dwight. "The relationship between inspiration as a psychological construct, temperament, and positive affect". Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/356.
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Yeh, Shu-Hua. "Positive affect and creative cognition in the context of computer game play". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559738.
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The present research explores and examines positive affect, which varies in approach motivational intensity, and its influence on creative cognition in the context of computer game play. Cognitive functions of positive affect and computer game play are a growing concern for educational practitioners and parents. Little is known about how 'out-of-school' use of computer games influences affect and creativity. This research explores the effects of positive affect elicited by computer games on various forms of creative cognition (including breadth of attention, productivity and originality) from the perspectives in a theoretical framework, emphasising approach motivational dimension of positive affect. This framework predicts that high approach- motivated positive affect may narrow breadth of attention, and reduce productivity and originality. Accordingly, low approach-motivated positive affect may broaden breadth of attention, and enhance productivity and originality. Three within-participants experiments were conducted to examine these predictions. Results were mixed in their support of theoretical predictions. In Study 1, as expected, playing an exciting computer game versus viewing a humorous film elicited a stronger degree of high (desire and eagerness) versus low (relaxation and amusement) approach-motivated positive affective states respectively. The same results of affective states were replicated in Study 2. However, unexpectedly, these positive affective states varying in approach motivation did not show differences in their effects on breadth of attention as there were no significant differences of response times on a global-local visual processing attentional task used to measure breadth of attention. The asymmetric transfer effect inherent in the within-participant research design and an absence of global precedence effect on the attentional task representing a weak validity of the measurement for breadth of attention were found. In Study 3, the degree of high approach-motivated positive affect [i.e., desire) reported after playing an exciting computer game with high arousal did not differ from that reported after playing a relaxing computer game with low arousal. Unexpectedly, originality performed after playing the exciting computer game was better than that performed after playing the relaxing computer game; nevertheless, playing these two types of games did not differ in productivity. The present research supports the view that positive affective states can vary in approach motivation as well as the state of arousal. Results are discussed with reflections on methodology and their implications for the theoretical framework. A new research proposal based on a reflected theoretical framework is suggested fo r future research on how positive affect elicited by computer game play may influence creative cognition. I.
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Scoales, M. "Facial affect recognition and attentional bias to threat faces in positive schizotypy". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/968209/.
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Part 1-The Literature Review explores the topic of attentional bias which is thought to be a component of many anxiety disorders. A review of the literature on dot-probe studies of anxious individuals which used faces as stimuli found 24 studies. Studies of both socially anxious and generally anxious individuals suggest attentional bias in the initial, orienting stage of attention, which is increased by conditions of social threat. The review concludes that attentional vigilance for threat is a consistent feature of anxiety disorders including both social anxiety and GAD. There is little or no evidence to support the view that anxiety disorders are characterised by attentional avoidance of threat faces, as measured by the dot-probe paradigm. Part 2 -The Empirical Paper reports on a study of facial affect recognition and attentional bias in psychosis-prone participants. Data collection was shared with another trainee (see Appendix D). There was no difference in facial affect recognition between the two groups. The high schizotypy group did however display a significantly greater attentional bias score at 2000ms, and a significantly lower attentional bias score at lOOms, than the non psychosis-prone group. The limitations, clinical and research implications of this study are discussed. Part 3 -The Critical Appraisal describes the selection of the topic, ethical and theoretical considerations, an appraisal of the design and methodology, as well as reflections on the research process as a whole.
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Hardy, Christina M. "The effects of positive and negative affect on Iowa gambling task performance". View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/hardyc/christinahardy.pdf.
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Roth, Rachel Anne. "Improving Middle School Students' Subjective Well-Being: Efficacy of a Multi-Component Positive Psychology Intervention Targeting Small Groups of Youth and Parents". Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5573.
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A dual-factor model of mental health conceptualizes mental health status as a combination of both psychopathology and subjective well-being. Current literature indicates that complete mental health (i.e., low psychopathology, high subjective well-being) is associated with the best academic and social functioning among youth. Thus, the absence of psychopathology alone is not sufficient for student success. While research on interventions for improving subjective well-being, termed positive psychology interventions (PPIs), is increasing, PPIs for youth in particular lag behind similar interventions for adults. Additionally, a majority of youth-focused PPIs have targeted singular constructs (e.g., gratitude, character strengths), have neglected to include relevant stakeholders in youth's lives, and have not examined the impact of booster sessions on maintaining gains in subjective well-being. Research questions answered in the current study pertain to: (a) the impact of a comprehensive, multi-target, multi-component, small-group youth-focused PPI on students' subjective well-being and symptoms of psychopathology, and (b) the extent to which booster sessions can prevent students from experiencing post-intervention declines in subjective well-being and symptoms of psychopathology. To answer these questions, 42 seventh grade students were randomly assigned to either immediately receive the PPI or to a wait-list control group; all participants' subjective well-being and symptoms of psychopathology were analyzed across time. At immediate post-intervention, students who participated in the PPI made significant gains in all components of subjective well-being, and there was a trend for them to report less internalizing and externalizing symptoms of psychopathology relative to students in the wait-list control group. By seven-week follow-up, students who participated in the PPI exhibited sustained high levels of positive affect, and there was a trend for them to report sustained low levels of negative affect and internalizing symptoms of psychopathology relative to students in the wait-list control group. Thus, findings from the current study support this multi-component PPI as an evidence-based method for making long-lasting improvements in early adolescents' positive affect, a primary indicator of subjective well-being. Implications for school psychologists, contributions to the literature, and future directions are discussed.
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Pitt, Joanna Diana (Jodi). "Mind wandering and anhedonia : a systematic review ; An experience sampling study : does mind wandering mediate the link between depression and anhedonia?" Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23430.
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Background: There is increasing theoretical interest in the idea that a greater tendency for the mind to wander may reduce positive emotion experience, with specific interest in clinical conditions such as depression that are characterised by reduced pleasure experience (anhedonia). However, it is unclear to what degree these claims are empirically supported. Objective: A systematic review was conducted to examine the evidence regarding the association between mind wandering and positive emotion experience. Method: The Cochrane library, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Knowledge databases were searched. A narrative discussion considered both the pattern of findings and the methodological approaches utilised in this literature. Results: 879 studies were identified and 21 relevant papers were fully reviewed, consisting of cross-sectional, prospective and manipulation studies. Conclusions: Fourteen out of 15 cross-sectional studies supported the claim that increased mind wandering was related to decreased pleasure experience. One prospective study indicated that mind wandering generally preceded but was not subsequent to reductions in positive mood. There were six studies that manipulated mind wandering experimentally, four of which found that inducing greater mind wandering led to reduced positive affect and two of which found null results. Overall, this literature supports the claim that greater mind wandering is related to reduced positive affect. However, very few studies examined this relationship in the context of depression and therefore it remains to be established if these findings generalise to clinical populations. Empiricial Paper: Previous research has established that greater levels of mind wandering are associated with reduced positive affect (PA) in the general population. The present study aims to examine whether this mechanism may mediate the relationship between depression and reduced PA (anhedonia). A community sample (N = 69) with differing levels of depression severity took part. Using experience sampling methodology, we measured mind wandering and PA during everyday life and when completing a few scheduled positive activities. To examine if mind wandering specifically influenced PA or emotion experience more generally, we additionally measured levels of negative affect (NA). Across both contexts, both greater mind wandering and greater depression severity were independently associated with reduced PA and increased NA. Greater depression severity was associated with increasing levels of mind wandering in everyday life, but not during scheduled positive activities. Mind wandering did not mediate the link between depression and reduced PA/increased NA. Exploratory analyses did however reveal that a greater tendency for the mind wander to negative rather than positive themes did mediate the link between depression and reduced PA in everyday life. We replicated previous findings that increased mind wandering is related to reduced PA and increased NA but there was no evidence that this mediated the relationship between depression and altered affective experience. However, the greater tendency for the mind to wander to negative themes may mediate the link between depression and affect. If depression treatment approaches are to target mind wandering this suggests they should therefore focus on mind wandering valence in addition to extent.
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Hernández, Coronel Gina Patricia. "Implicit measures of affect for the study of daily stress". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671678.
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Les mesures implícites es consideren de processament automàtic (associatives) més que estratègiques (conceptual) i aporten valor addicional a les mesures explícites (p.e. auto reportades), especialment en l’àmbit de l’estrès quotidià. L’estrès quotidià fa referència a les demandes del dia a dia (p.e. trajectes de feina, pagar factures, etc.). La recerca mostra que aquests estressors tenen fortes implicacions en la salut i el benestar psicològic (Almeida et al., 2009), fins i tot si aquests estressors es minimitzen per intentar assolir un funcionament eficient. Per tant, obtenir informació d’allò que es processa a nivell implícit es crític per entendre les relacions entre l’estrès quotidià i la salut. La Tesi que es presenta contribueix a aquest camp de recerca amb tres estudis. En el primer (N=446, 225 homes) s’adapta una mesura implícita de l’afecte positiu i negatiu (IPANAT) a població espanyola (IPANAT-SPAIN). El qüestionari adaptat mostra bons índex de validesa (Anàlisi Factorial Confirmatori: CFI = 1; TLI = 1; RMSEA = .00; SRMR = .02) i de fiabilitat (Afecte positiu implícit , α = .94; Afecte negatiu implícit, α = .88). En el segon estudi es crea una versió breu de l’IPANAT (IPANAT-18) per al seu ús en dissenys de registres diaris. Els resultats (N = 242, 111 homes) indiquen que les propietats psicomètriques de l’IPANAT-18 són similars a la versió completa (CFI = 1; TLI = 1; RMSEA = .00; SRMR = .03, fiabilitat: Afecte positiu implícit, α = .86; Afecte negatiu implícit, α = .77). Per tant el qüestionari breu servirà per a recerques que requereixin menys temps d’administració que el qüestionari original. En el tercer estudi es proposa un disseny multinivell de registres diaris (5 dies) per aprofundir en la comprensió del paper de l’afecte implícit en l’estrès quotidià. Es tracta d’un estudi pilot (N = 7, 3 homes) en una població d’alt nivell d’estrès (cirurgianes i cirurgians), que registra l’afecte implícit i explícit, les avaluacions cognitives de l’estrès, la fatiga i l’autoregulació emocional. Els resultats indiquen que l’IPANAT-18 és adequat pels dissenys d’avaluació ecològica momentània, que la fatiga podria representar una mesura indirecta dels efectes de l’estrès, i que les mesures implícites d’afecte poden aportar informació a la comprensió del procés d’estrès quotidià.Las medidas implícitas se considera que son automáticas (asociativas), en lugar de razonadas (conceptuales), este tipo de medidas puede proporcionar un valor adicional a las medidas explícitas (i.e., el autoreporte), particularmente en el campo del estrés cotidiano. El estrés cotidiano consite en los desafíos de la vida diaria (e.g., conmutar al trabajo, pagar facturas, etc.). Se ha encontrado que estos estresores tienen consecuencias para nuestra salud y bienestar psicológico (Almeida et al., 2009), incluso si estos estresres tienden a ser ignorados o reprimidos para intentar ser eficientes en la vida. Por lo tanto, capturar información que se procesa a un nivel implícito es fundamental para comprender la relación entre el estrés diario y la salud. La presente tesis contribuye al área de investigación de las medidas implícitas y el estrés cotidiano con tres estudios. En el primero (N = 446, 225 hombres), se adapta una medida implícita de afecto positivo y negativo (IPANAT) a población española (IPANAT-SPAIN). El cuestionario adaptado muestra buenos índices de validez (Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio: CFI = 1; TLI = 1; RMSEA = .00; SRMR = .02) y de fiabilidad (Afecto positivo implícito, α = .94; Afecto negativo implícito, α = .88). En el segundo estudio se crea una versión breve del IPANAT (IPANAT-18), para uso en estudios con diseño de registros diarios. Los resultados (N = 242, 111 hombres) indican que las propiedades psicométricas del IPANAT-18 son similares a la versión completa (CFI = 1; TLI = 1; RMSEA = .00; SRMR = .03, fiabilidad: Afecto positivo implícito, α = .86; Afecto negativo implícito, α = .77). Por lo tanto, el cuestionario breve servirá para investigaciones que requieran menos tiempo de administración que el cuestionario original. En el tercer estudio se propone un diseño multinivel de registros diarios (5 días) para profundizar en la comprensión del papel del afecto implícito en el estrés cotidiano. Se trata de un estudio piloto (N = 7, 3 hombres) en una población con alto nivel de estrés (cirujanas y cirujanos), que registra el afecto implícito y explícito, las evaluaciones cognitivas de estrés, la fatiga y la regulación emocional. Los resultados indican que el IPANAT-18 es adecuado para los diseños de evaluación ecológica momentánea, que la fatiga podría representar una medida indirecta de los efectos del estrés, y que las medidas implícitas de afecto pueden aportar información a la comprensión del proceso de estrés cotidiano.
Implicit measures are considered to be automatic (associative) rather than reflective (conceptual), and can provide additional value to explicit (i.e. self-report) measures, particularly in daily stress field. Daily stress involves challenges of day-to-day living (e.g., commuting from work, paying bills, etc.). Research shows that these stressors have strong implications for our health and psychological well-being (Almeida et al., 2009), even if these stressors tend to be ignored or pushed down in order to try being efficient in life. Thus, capturing information that is processed at an implicit level is paramount to understand the relation between daily stress and health. The present thesis contributes to this research area in three ways. First, by adapting an implicit measure of positive and negative affect (IPANAT) for Spanish population (IPANAT-SPAIN). Results from Study 1 (N=446, 225 males), provide evidence for the validity of the Spanish adaptation, via Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFI = 1; TLI = 1; RMSEA = .00; SRMR = .02) and reliability (implicit positive affect, α = .94; implicit negative affect, α = .88). Second, by creating a brief version of the IPANAT (IPANAT-18), for use on daily diary designs. Results from Study 2 (N=242, 111 males) indicate that the psychometric properties of the IPANAT-18 are similar to the ones of the full-length measure (CFI = 1; TLI = 1; RMSEA = .00; SRMR = .03, reliability: implicit positive affect, α = .86; implicit negative affect, α = .77). Hence, the shorter measure will serve research requiring less time for administration than the original test. Third, by proposing a multilevel design of daily diaries (5 days) for deepening our understanding of implicit affect and daily stress. Specifically, Study 3 (N=7, 3 males) was a pilot study in a highly stress population (i.e., surgeons). This pilot study examined implicit and explicit affect, stress appraisals, fatigue, and emotion regulation. Results indicate that the IPANAT-18 is appropriate for ecological momentary assessment designs, that self-reported fatigue could represent an indirect measure of stress, and that implicit measures of affect may provide a fruitful method to examine the daily stress phenomenon.
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Hansdottir, Ingunn. "Relationships of positive and negative affect to coping and functional outcomes in systemic sclerosis /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3094615.
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Dornbach-Bender, Allison. "Facets of Positive Affect and Risk for Bipolar Disorder: Role of the Behavioral Activation System". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062834/.
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Bipolar disorder is characterized by disruptions in mood and affect that occur not only during mood episodes, but during euthymic periods as well. At the same time, sensitivity of the behavioral activation system (BAS) has been implicated in the disorder and is a risk marker for it. Less clear is the relationship between BAS sensitivity and positive affect, particularly lower level facets of positive affect. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between positive affect and vulnerability for mania as assessed using BAS sensitivity. Specifically, the link between daily levels and fluctuations of positive affect and baseline BAS sensitivity was examined. Following the hierarchical model of affect, this study also assessed the relationship between BAS sensitivity and the distinct facets of positive affect. Finally, this study examined whether BAS sensitivity moderates associations between daily rewards and positive affect. Undergraduates (N = 265) from a large university in the South were recruited to complete measures of BAS sensitivity, affect, and mood symptoms at baseline. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), participants completed daily surveys assessing affect and engagement with rewarding situations. An exploratory factory analysis revealed a four factor structure of positive affect, consisting of Serenity, Joviality, Attentiveness, and Self-Assurance. Greater daily levels of overall positive affect, as well as the lower order facets of Joviality, Self-Assurance, and Attentiveness, were predicted by heightened BAS sensitivity. In contrast, the facet of Serenity demonstrated minimal associations with BAS sensitivity. The study findings support a multi-faceted structure of positive affect and suggest that certain facets may be more closely related to risk for bipolar disorder. Specifically, Joviality and Self-Assurance may represent maladaptive forms of positive affect, whereas Serenity may function as a protective element against bipolar disorder.
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Grundström, Jenny. "Positiv affekt kan predicera anställdas arbetsprestationer". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-14193.
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Det har ofta antagits att en anställd är lycklig därför att han eller hon är framgångsrik. Det finns dock studier som stödjer den alternativa hypotesen, nämligen att lycka är en anledning till varför vissa anställda är mer framgångsrika än andra. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka huruvida lyckliga anställda är mer produktiva och framgångsrika än mindre lyckliga anställda. Det genom att undersöka om personligt disponerad positiv affekt (TPA) kan predicera arbetsprestationer. Deltagarna var 98 anställda, varav 60 kvinnor, som rekryterats från sex organisationer. Resultaten gav stöd åt undersökningens samtliga hypoteser och kan därmed indikera att anställda med högre TPA presterar bättre, har högre lön och mer socialt stöd från arbetskamrater och chefer. Detta betyder att TPA kan leda till gynnsamma resultat för såväl den anställda som för organisationen och att lyckliga anställda kan antas vara mer produktiva och framgångsrika än sina mindre lyckliga arbetskamrater.
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Loglia, Jennifer. "How emoticons affect leader-member exchange". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5980.
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Emoticons have been shown to be the nonverbal cues of computer-mediated communication and could therefore be a rich source of information, but they are not used in the workplace because they are considered unprofessional. This study aimed to look at the effects of emoticons on relationships, specifically between a leader and member. Participants were asked to read a fake email from a fake boss and answer several questions in regard to leader-member exchange, affective presence, perceived message positivity, perceived masculinity/femininity of the fake boss, and perceived professionalism. This study found that the use of a positive emoticon in an email message increased leader-member exchange, mediated by positive affective presence (though the use of the emoticon and positive affective presence were not linked). This study also found that when participants received a message with an emoticon, they found the sender to be both more feminine and less professional.M.S.
Masters
Psychology
Sciences
Industrial Organizational Psychology
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Fiorelli, Julie Ann. "The differential prediction of positive and negative affect in play and in daily life in children". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1420626790.
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Fleisher, Carl Adam. "Happiness helps, but how? does interhemispheric communication mediate the impact of positive affect on cognitive flexibility? /". Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/753.
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Willey, Amanda Rachel. "Age related differences in ethanol-related positive affect as indexed via ultrasonic vocalizations". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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Erdheim, Jesse. "POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE AFFECT: HOW DO THEY IMPACT HACKMAN’S (1987) MODEL OF GROUP EFFECTIVENESS". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1170958005.
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Juergensen, James E. Jr. "How Approach-Motived Positive Affect and Emotion Regulation Alter Attentional Focus and Decision-Making". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1340380727.
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Brown, Amy Lynn. "Decision-Making in Social Dilemmas: Positive and Negative Framing, Payoff Structure, and Affect". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1154706106.
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Oinonen, Kirsten A. "Effects of oral contraceptives on daily self-ratings of positive and negative affect". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ33426.pdf.
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Hirsch, Jameson K., Andrea R. Floyd y Paul R. Duberstein. "Perceived Health in Lung Cancer Patients: The Role of Positive and Negative Affect". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/684.
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Purpose: To examine the association of affective experience and health-related quality of life in lung cancer patients, we hypothesized that negative affect would be positively, and positive affect would be negatively, associated with perceived health.
Methods: A sample of 133 English-speaking lung cancer patients (33% female; mean age = 63.68 years old, SD = 9.37) completed a battery of self-report surveys.
Results: Results of our secondary analysis indicate that trait negative affect was significantly associated with poor physical and social functioning, greater role limitations due to emotional problems, greater bodily pain, and poor general health. Positive affect was significantly associated with adaptive social functioning, fewer emotion-based role limitations, and less severe bodily pain. In a full model, positive affect was significantly associated with greater levels of social functioning and general health, over and above the effects of negative affect.
Conclusions: Reduction of negative affect is an important therapeutic goal, but the ability to maintain positive affect may result in greater perceived health. Indeed, engagement in behaviors that result in greater state positive affect may, over time, result in dispositional changes and enhancement of quality of life.