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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Power HIL simulation"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 1 de junio de 2024

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1

Pavlović, Tomislav, Ivan Župan, Viktor Šunde, and Željko Ban. "HIL Simulation of a Tram Regenerative Braking System." Electronics 10, no. 12 (2021): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121379.

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Regenerative braking systems are an efficient way to increase the energy efficiency of electric rail vehicles. During the development phase, testing of a regenerative braking system in an electric vehicle is costly and potentially dangerous. For this reason, Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation is a useful technique to conduct the system’s testing in real time where the physical parts of the system are replaced by simulation models. This paper presents a HIL simulation of a tram regenerative braking system performed on a scaled model. First, offline simulations are performed using a measured

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2

Mihalič, Franc, Mitja Truntič, and Alenka Hren. "Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations: A Historical Overview of Engineering Challenges." Electronics 11, no. 15 (2022): 2462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152462.

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The design of modern industrial products is further improved through the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. Realistic simulation is enabled by the closed loop between the hardware under test (HUT) and real-time simulation. Such a system involves a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and digital signal processor (DSP). An HIL model can bypass serious damage to the real object, reduce debugging cost, and, finally, reduce the comprehensive effort during the testing. This paper provides a historical overview of HIL simulations through different engineering challenges, i.e., within automotive,

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3

Xinyuan, Gao, Gu Kanru, and Zhou Qianru. "Hardware in the Loop Real-time Simulation of Doubly Fed Off-grid Wind Power System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2137, no. 1 (2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2137/1/012018.

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Abstract Hardware in the Loop (HIL) semi-physical real-time simulation can shorten the research period and complete the harsh working condition test, which is difficult to be carried out on the physical platform. Taking the off-grid Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) wind power system as the research object, this paper proposes the bottom modelling method of HIL real-time simulation. Using the Hardware Description Language VERILOG, the bottom real-time models of DFIG, converter and load are designed on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), connected with the real controller, and the HIL rea

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4

García-Vellisca, Mariano Alberto, Carlos Quiterio Gómez Muñoz, María Sofía Martínez-García, and Angel de Castro. "Automatic Word Length Selection with Boundary Conditions for HIL of Power Converters." Electronics 12, no. 16 (2023): 3488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12163488.

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Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) is a common technique used for testing in power electronics. It draws upon FPGAs (field-programmable gate arrays) because they allow for reaching real-time simulation for mid-high switching frequencies. FPGA area and delay are keys to reaching a compromise between performance and accuracy. To minimize area and delay, signal word length (WL) is critical. Furthermore, the input and output’s WL should be carefully chosen because these signals come from ADCs (analog-to-digital converters) or go to DACs (digital-to-analog converters). In other words, the role of ADCs and

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5

Estrada, Leonel, Nimrod Vázquez, Joaquín Vaquero, Ángel de Castro, and Jaime Arau. "Real-Time Hardware in the Loop Simulation Methodology for Power Converters Using LabVIEW FPGA." Energies 13, no. 2 (2020): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020373.

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Nowadays, the use of the hardware in the loop (HIL) simulation has gained popularity among researchers all over the world. One of its main applications is the simulation of power electronics converters. However, the equipment designed for this purpose is difficult to acquire for some universities or research centers, so ad-hoc solutions for the implementation of HIL simulation in low-cost hardware for power electronics converters is a novel research topic. However, the information regarding implementation is written at a high technical level and in a specific language that is not easy for non-

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6

Sobanski, Piotr, Milosz Miskiewicz, Grzegorz Bujak, Marcin Szlosek, Nikolaos Oikonomou, and Kai Pietilaeinen. "Real Time Simulation of Power Electronics Medium Voltage DC-Grid Simulator." Energies 14, no. 21 (2021): 7368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217368.

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Power electronics medium-voltage (MV) systems must comply with the requirements defined in grid codes. These systems’ compatibility with the standards can be validated by specialized testing equipment: grid simulators. This paper presents a hardware in the loop (HiL) implementation and the simulation results of a MV multiphase DC/DC converter designed for MV DC grid emulation. By using ABB’s reliable, patented power converter hardware topology (US 10978948 B2) and by applying advanced control algorithms, the presented system can be used for special purposes, such as the emulation of fault even

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7

Roskam, Rolf, and Elmar Engels. "A New Slip Algorithm for Use in Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation to Evaluate Anti Slip Control of Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 490-491 (January 2014): 740–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.740.

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Hardware in the Loop (HIL) systems is widely used for testing vehicle controllers in automotive industry. But algorithms for simulation of the vehicle dynamics have to consider the special restrictions for HIL that is a fixed simulation time constant. Due to limitations of computing power the step size often is set to 1ms. Especially for calculation of the wheel slip this will cause a problem when speed starts from zero. Thats why a lot of authors propose a small vehicle speed at the beginning of the simulation. For evaluation of anti slip controllers in HIL systems this is not possible becaus

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8

Cabeza, Luisa F., David Verez, and Mercè Teixidó. "Hardware-in-the-Loop Techniques for Complex Systems Analysis: Bibliometric Analysis of Available Literature." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (2023): 8108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148108.

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Simulating complex systems in real time presents both significant advantages and challenges. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation has emerged as an interesting technique for addressing these challenges. While HIL has gained attention in the scientific literature, its application in energy studies and power systems remains scattered and challenging to locate. This paper aims to provide an assessment of the penetration of the HIL technique in energy studies and power systems. The analysis of the literature reveals that HIL is predominantly employed in evaluating electrical systems (smart grids,

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9

Song, Ke, Yimin Wang, Cancan An, Hongjie Xu, and Yuhang Ding. "Design and Validation of Energy Management Strategy for Extended-Range Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Using Bond Graph Method." Energies 14, no. 2 (2021): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020380.

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In view of the aggravation of global pollution and greenhouse effects, fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have attracted increasing attention, owing to their ability to release zero emissions. Extended-range fuel cell vehicles (E-RFCEVs) are the most widely used type of fuel cell vehicles. The powertrain system of E-RFCEV is relatively complex. Bond graph theory was used to model the important parts of the E-RFCEV powertrain system: Battery, motor, fuel cell, DC/DC, vehicle, and driver. In order to verify the control effect of energy management strategy (EMS) in a real-time state, bond graph

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10

Kiss, Dávid, and István Varjasi. "Power-HIL Application Analysis of a 3-level Inverter for PMSM Machine." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 65, no. 1 (2021): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.16645.

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Power-HIL simulation is one of the emerging areas in power electronics development nowadays. It offers a convenient test environment for the whole power electronics hardware but eliminates the necessity of motor test benches and rotating machines. Selecting a suitable power amplifier for the simulator is however a challenging task. Switching power supplies can be an interesting option as Power Amplifier, but they have to offer superior power capability and dynamic performance over the DUT (Device Under Test), while maintaining high enough switching frequency to meet the dynamic requirements as

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11

Lamo, Paula, Angel de Castro, Alberto Sanchez, Gustavo A. Ruiz, Francisco J. Azcondo, and Alberto Pigazo. "Hardware-in-the-Loop and Digital Control Techniques Applied to Single-Phase PFC Converters." Electronics 10, no. 13 (2021): 1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131563.

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Power electronic converters for power factor correction (PFC) play a key role in single-phase electrical power systems, ensuring that the line current waveform complies with the applicable standards and grid codes while regulating the DC voltage. Its verification implies significant complexity and cost, since it requires long simulations to verify its behavior, for around hundreds of milliseconds. The development and test of the controller include nominal, abnormal and fault conditions in which the equipment could be damaged. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) is a cost-effective technique that allows

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12

Khan, Ayesha, Mujtaba Hussain Jaffery, Yaqoob Javed, et al. "Hardware-in-the-Loop Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Three-Phase Hybrid Shunt Active Power Filter for Power Quality Improvement." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (October 14, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8032793.

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The excessive use of nonlinear load causes electric current harmonics that ultimately downgrades the electrical power quality. If a failure exists due to internal integration of a power system in any one of the internal networks, it causes uncomplimentary consequences to the entire power system’s performance. This paper proposed a hybrid shunt active harmonic power filter (HSAHPF) design to reduce harmonic pollution. A digital controller HIL simulator has been modeled using a three-phase voltage source inverter to test the efficiency of HSAHPF and the performance of control algorithms. Moreove

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13

Kiesbye, Jonis, David Messmann, Maximilian Preisinger, et al. "Hardware-In-The-Loop and Software-In-The-Loop Testing of the MOVE-II CubeSat." Aerospace 6, no. 12 (2019): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6120130.

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This article reports the ongoing work on an environment for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) and software-in-the-loop (SIL) tests of CubeSats and the benefits gained from using such an environment for low-cost satellite development. The satellite tested for these reported efforts was the MOVE-II CubeSat, developed at the Technical University of Munich since April 2015. The HIL environment has supported the development and verification of MOVE-II’s flight software and continues to aid the MOVE-II mission after its launch on 3 December 2018. The HIL environment allows the satellite to interact with a

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14

Zhang, Yi, Qiang Guo, and Jie Song. "Internet-Distributed Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Platform for Plug-In Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles." Energies 16, no. 18 (2023): 6755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16186755.

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In order to simulate a PHEV’s dynamic characteristics with high fidelity and study the degradation process of a PHEV’s power sources in real-world driving conditions, an Internet-distributed hardware-in-the-loop (ID-HIL) simulation platform for PHEVs is established. It connects several geographically distributed hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) subsystems (including an in-loop vehicle, Cloud server, driving motor, fuel cells, and lithium battery) via the Internet to simulate the powertrain of a plug-in fuel cell hybrid vehicle (PHEV). In the proposed ID-HIL system, the in-loop vehicle without a hybr

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15

Baghdadi, Mohamed, Elmostafa Elwarraki, and Imane Ait Ayad. "FPGA-Based Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Emulation of Power Electronics Circuit Using Device-Level Behavioral Modeling." Designs 7, no. 5 (2023): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs7050115.

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Accurate models of power electronic converters can greatly enhance the accuracy of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulators. This can result in faster and more cost-effective design cycles in industrial applications. This paper presents a detailed hardware model of the IGBT and power diode at the device level suggested for emulating power electronic converters on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The static visualization of the IGBT component involves an arrangement of equivalent models for both the MOSFET and bipolar transistor in a cascading configuration. The dynamic aspect is represente

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16

Sidwall, Kati, and Paul Forsyth. "A Review of Recent Best Practices in the Development of Real-Time Power System Simulators from a Simulator Manufacturer’s Perspective." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031111.

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As the power system undergoes continued change—widespread integration of inverter-based resources, electrification of transportation systems, decentralization, and increased digitization—the best practices for power system studies and device testing are also evolving. Electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation is being used progressively by transmission and distribution system operators, equipment manufacturers, education and research institutions, and consultants who require a greater depth of analysis than is possible with traditional (RMS-based) system representation. Real-time simulation i

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17

Farkas, Balázs, and Károly Veszprémi. "Design of HIL for Multilevel Inverter Using Zynq-7000 Platform – Part 2." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 61, no. 3 (2017): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.10934.

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Development of power electronic devices requires multi -disciplined engineering activities. These cover the thermal, electrical and software design. Due to this design complexity rapid prototyping methods and model-based design are becoming more and more important in the R&D projects in this field. This article is the second part of the series which introduces the development of Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) device for the simulation of Cellular H-Bridge inverter (CHB). Zynq-7000 platform is chosen as a hardware platform for HIL. This part focuses on the details of the model transformation, d

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18

Guo, Xizheng, Jiaqi Yuan, Yiguo Tang, and Xiaojie You. "Hardware in the Loop Real-Time Simulation for the Associated Discrete Circuit Modeling Optimization Method of Power Converters." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113237.

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Due to the complicated circuit topology and high switching frequency, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) can stand up to the challenges for the hardware in the loop (HIL) real-time simulation of power electronics converters. The Associated Discrete Circuit (ADC) modeling method, which has a fixed admittance matrix, greatly reduces the computation cost for FPGA. However, the oscillations introduced by the switch-equivalent model reduces the simulation accuracy. In this paper, firstly, a novel algorithm is proposed to determine the optimal discrete-time switch admittance parameter, Gs, which

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19

Zhang, Liang, Bin Jiao, and Xiu Hong Guo. "Control and HIL Simulation of Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Dynamic Programming Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1149.

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Hybrid electric vehicles has the potential to save energy consumption and relieve exhaust gas emission while the power flow control techniques are very important for improving a hybrid electric vehicle’s performance. In this paper, the system simulation and control method of series hybrid electric vehicles were proposed. The control method was based on enhancing the energy transfer efficiency based on dynamic programming algorithm. The hardware in the loop (HIL) simulation was constructed containing a real-time driver and controller in the simulation platform, which can be used to evaluate the

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20

Estrada, L., N. Vázquez, P. I. Tafoya, J. E. E. Gonzalez, J. Ortega, and J. Vazquez. "Practical considerations for HIL simulations of power converters using different numerical methods." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 21, no. 6 (2023): 899–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.6.1816.

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The use of Hardware-In-the-Loop systems implemented in FPGAs is constantly growing due to their performance. However, hardware implementation of numerical methods to solve differential equations presents some challenges when applied to power converters. This paper shows a comparison of several numerical methods: Euler, Heun, Midpoint and 4th order Runge-Kutta, taking into account the accuracy of the methods and how they can be applied to power converters, where the equations change depending on the status of the switches. Results show that the speed in the solution of the numerical method is t

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21

Alsarayreh, Saif, and Zoltán Sütő. "Optimal Selection of Switch Model Parameters for ADC-Based Power Converters." Energies 17, no. 1 (2023): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17010056.

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Real-time hardware-in-the-loop-(HIL) simulation integration is now a fundamental component of the power electronics control design cycle. This integration is required to test the efficacy of controller implementations. Even though hardware-in-the-loop-(HIL) tools use FPGA devices with computing power that is rapidly evolving, developers constantly need to balance the ease of deploying models with acceptable accuracy. This study introduces a methodology for implementing a full-bridge inverter and buck converter utilising the associate-discrete-circuit-(ADC) model, which is optimised for real-ti

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22

Kaven, Lennard, Anica Frehn, Maximilian Basler, et al. "Impact of Multi-Physics HiL Test Benches on Wind Turbine Certification." Energies 15, no. 4 (2022): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041336.

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Recently developed nacelle test benches for wind turbines, equipped with multi-physics Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) systems, enable advanced testing and even certification of next-generation wind turbines according to IEC61400-21. On the basis of three experiments carried out with a commercial 3.2 MW wind turbine, this paper shows to which extent test bench hardware and HiL systems influence certification results. For the crucial Fault-Ride-Through tests, all deviations were found to be below 1% compared to field and simulation results. For this test, the power HiL system and the accuracy of its

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23

Vafaeipour, Majid, Mohamed El Baghdadi, Florian Verbelen, Peter Sergeant, Joeri Van Mierlo, and Omar Hegazy. "Experimental Implementation of Power-Split Control Strategies in a Versatile Hardware-in-the-Loop Laboratory Test Bench for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Equipped with Electrical Variable Transmission." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (2020): 4253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124253.

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The energy management strategy (EMS) or power management strategy (PMS) unit is the core of power sharing control in the hybridization of automotive drivetrains in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Once a new topology and its corresponding EMS are virtually designed, they require undertaking different stages of experimental verifications toward guaranteeing their real-world applicability. The present paper focuses on a new and less-extensively studied topology of such vehicles, HEVs equipped with an electrical variable transmission (EVT) and assessed the controllability validation through hardw

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24

Yohan Fajar Sidik, F. Danang Wijaya, Roni Irnawan, Muhammad Ridwan, Kevin Gausultan, and Sriyono. "Single-Phase Shift Modulation of DAB Converter in Typhoon HIL Simulation." Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi 13, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jnteti.v13i1.6876.

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Solid-state transformer (SST) could be a solution for a future distribution system, in which many renewable energy sources (RES) are integrated. The SST consists of a single-phase dual-active bridge (DAB) converter, which is scale-down the dc voltage level. The control objective of the DAB converter used in the SST is to control its output voltage. This control strategy consists of a proportional-integral (PI) controller and a single-phase shift (SPS) modulation. Numerous literatures have mentioned about the SPS modulation for the DAB converter. However, they do not provide procedures in imple

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Shchur, Ihor, Vsevolod Shchur, Ihor Bilyakovskyy, and Mykhailo Khai. "Hardware in the loop simulative setup for testing the combined heat power generating wind turbine." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 1 (2021): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i1.pp499-510.

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This paper describes the design and implementation of hardware in the loop (HIL) system based on induction motor wind turbine emulator for the study of the operation of a combined heat-power (CHP) generating wind energy conversion system (WECS). The energy generation part of the WECS consists of two specially designed generators that are placed on a common vertical axis, which is connected to the induction motor through a gearbox. The first generator is an electric two-armature axial PMSG and the second one is a thermal electromagnetic retarder. The software part of the HIL setup simulates the

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Difronzo, Michele, Md Multan Biswas, Matthew Milton, Herbert L. Ginn, and Andrea Benigni. "System Level Real-Time Simulation and Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing of MMCs." Energies 14, no. 11 (2021): 3046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113046.

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In this paper we present an approach for real-time simulation and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing of Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) that rely on switching models while supporting system level analysis. Using the Latency Based Linear Multistep Compound (LB-LMC) approach, we achieved a 50 ns simulation time step for systems composed of several MMC converters and for converters of various complexity. To facilitate system level testing, we introduce the use of a serial communication-based (Aurora) interface for HIL testing of MMC converters and we analyzed the effect that communication la

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Gong, Peng, Haowei Yang, Haiqiao Wu, et al. "Co-Simulation Platform with Hardware-in-the-Loop Using RTDS and EXata for Smart Grid." Electronics 12, no. 17 (2023): 3710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12173710.

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The modern smart grid is a vital component of national development and is a complex coupled network composed of power and communication networks. The faults or attacks of either network may cause the performance of a power grid to decline or result in a large-scale power outage, leading to significant economic losses. To assess the impact of grid faults or attacks, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation tools that integrate real grid networks and software virtual networks (SVNs) are used. However, scheduling faults and modifying model parameters using most existing simulators can be challenging

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Qin, Feng, Ying Lin, and Diqiang Lu. "Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of high-speed maglev transportation five-segment propulsion system based on dSPACE." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 2 (2018): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20184262-72.

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Aim: For exploring and testing the key technology of high-speed maglev transportation propulsion control system, this paper designs and establishes a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real-time simulation system of the high-speed maglev transportation five-segment propulsion system. Materials and methods of the studies: According to the route conditions and propulsion segment division of Shanghai maglev demonstration and operation line, the real-time simulation platform based on dSPACE multiprocessor systems is implemented. The simulation system can achieve the functional simulation of all the

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Frivaldsky, Michal, Jan Morgos, Michal Prazenica, and Kristian Takacs. "System Level Simulation of Microgrid Power Electronic Systems." Electronics 10, no. 6 (2021): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060644.

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In this paper, we describe a procedure for designing an accurate simulation model using a price-wised linear approach referred to as the power semiconductor converters of a DC microgrid concept. Initially, the selection of topologies of individual power stage blocs are identified. Due to the requirements for verifying the accuracy of the simulation model, physical samples of power converters are realized with a power ratio of 1:10. The focus was on optimization of operational parameters such as real-time behavior (variable waveforms within a time domain), efficiency, and the voltage/current ri

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Chung, Mai Van, Do Tuan Anh, Phuong Vu, and Linh Manh Nguyen. "Hardware in the loop co-simulation of finite set-model predictive control using FPGA for a three level CHB inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 4 (2020): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i4.pp1719-1730.

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Along with the development of powerful microprocessors and microcontrollers, the applications of the model predictive controller, which requires high computational cost, to fast dynamical systems such as power converters and electric drives have become a tendency recently. In this paper, two solutions are offered to quickly develop the finite set predictive current control for induction motor fed by 3-level H-Bridge cascaded inverter. First, the field programmable gate array (FPGA) with capability of parallel computation is employed to minimize the computational time. Second, the hardware in t

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Terlizzi, Cristina, Antonio Magnanimo, Francesco Santoro, and Stefano Bifaretti. "Development of a Scalable MMC Pulsed Power Supply through HIL Methodology." Energies 16, no. 10 (2023): 4106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16104106.

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Nuclear fusion experiments are becoming one of the most interesting focuses of research, given the hope of generating programmable, safe, and green energy. Among them, ASDEX (axially symmetric divertor experiment) upgrade has been operating at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) research center since 1991. To ignite and confine the plasma, several coils must be supplied through controllable high-current pulsed power supplies. The toroidal field magnets are here considered and a modular multilevel converter (MMC)-like system was designed and tested thanks to a small-scale prototyp

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El-Baz, Wessam, Lukas Mayerhofer, Peter Tzscheutschler, and Ulrich Wagner. "Hardware in the Loop Real-Time Simulation for Heating Systems: Model Validation and Dynamics Analysis." Energies 11, no. 11 (2018): 3159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113159.

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Heating systems such as heat pumps and combined heat and power cycle systems (CHP) represent a key component in the future smart grid. Their capability to couple the electricity and heat sector promises a massive contribution to the energy transition. Hence, these systems are continuously studied numerically and experimentally to quantify their potential and develop optimal control methods. Although numerical simulations provide time and cost-effective solutions for system development and optimization, they are exposed to several uncertainties. Hardware in the loop (HiL) approaches enable syst

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Wu, Chien-Hsun, and Yong-Xiang Xu. "The Optimal Control of Fuel Consumption for a Heavy-Duty Motorcycle with Three Power Sources Using Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation." Energies 13, no. 1 (2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010022.

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This study presents a simulation platform for a hybrid electric motorcycle with an engine, a driving motor, and an integrated starter generator (ISG) as three power sources. This platform also consists of the driving cycle, driver, lithium-ion battery, continuously variable transmission (CVT), motorcycle dynamics, and energy management system models. Two Arduino DUE microcontrollers integrated with the required circuit to process analog-to-digital signal conversion for input and output are utilized to carry out a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. A driving cycle called worldwide motorcycl

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Letrouve, Tony, Walter Lhomme, Alain Bouscayrol, and Nicolas Dollinger. "Control validation of Peugeot 3∞8 HYbrid4 Vehicle Using a Reduced-scale Power HIL Simulation." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 8, no. 5 (2013): 1227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jeet.2013.8.5.1227.

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35

Le, Phuong-Truong, Huan-Liang Tsai, and Phuong-Long Le. "Development and Performance Evaluation of Photovoltaic (PV) Evaluation and Fault Detection System Using Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation for PV Applications." Micromachines 14, no. 3 (2023): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14030674.

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This paper originally presents a photovoltaic (PV) evaluation and fault detection (PVEFD) system for PV applications based on the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The PVEFD system consists of an STM32F103C8T6 chip with a 32-bit Arm Cortex-M3 reduced instruction set computer (RISC) and 12-bit resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to measure important parameters of PV applications, such as solar irradiance as well as the back-surface cell temperature, operating voltage, and output current of PV devices. The measured data of irradiance as well as back-surface cell temperature and opera

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36

Ha, Vo Thanh, Le Trong Tan, Nguyen Duc Nam, and Nguyen Phung Quang. "Backstepping control of two-mass system using induction motor drive fed by voltage source inverter with ideal control performance of stator current." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 2 (2019): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp720-730.

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<p>This paper describes the design and the simulation of a non-linear controller for two-mass system using induction motor basing on the backstepping method. The aim is to control the speed actual value of load motor matching with the speed reference load motor, moreover, electrical drive’s respone ensuring the “fast, accurate and small overshoot” and reducing the resonance oscillations for two-mass system using induction motor fed by voltage source inveter with ideally control performance of stator current. Backstepping controller uses the non-linear equations of an induction motor and

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37

Castellini, Luca, Federico Gallorini, Giacomo Alessandri, et al. "Comparison of Offline, Real-Time Models and Hardware-in-the-Loop Test Results of a Power Take-Off for Wave Energy Applications." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 11 (2022): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111744.

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The power take-off (PTO) of a wave energy converter (WEC) converts mechanical power extracted from the waves into electrical power. Increasing PTO performance under several operational conditions is therefore essential to reduce the levelized cost of energy of a given wave energy concept and to achieve higher levels of technology readiness. A key task in the WEC design will then be the holistic assessment of the PTO performance in combination with other subsystems. It is hence important that WEC designers are aware of the different modeling options. This paper addresses this need and presents

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38

Zamiri, Elyas, Alberto Sanchez, Angel de Castro, and Maria Sofia Martínez-García. "Comparison of Power Converter Models with Losses for Hardware-in-the-Loop Using Different Numerical Formats." Electronics 8, no. 11 (2019): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111255.

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Nowadays, the Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) technique is widely used to test different power electronic converters. These real-time simulations require processing large data at high speed, which makes this application very suitable for FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array) as they are capable of parallel processing. This paper provides an analytical discussion on three HIL models for a full-bridge converter. The three models use different possible numerical formats, namely float and fixed-point, the latter with and without optimizing the width of signals to the embedded DSP (Digital Signal Proces

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39

Zhang, Jiaming, Jun Fang, Tianhong Zhang, Lingwei Li, and Xinglong Zhang. "Component-Level Modeling of More Electric Auxiliary Power Units for Cooperative Control." Aerospace 9, no. 12 (2022): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9120803.

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Today, the more electric aircraft (MEA) concept is gaining tremendous popularity. As a key component of the MEA, a more electric auxiliary power unit (MEAPU) integrated model with high accuracy and real-time performance is essential when conducting cooperative control and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test research. This paper proposes a novel MEAPU integrated model consisting of a MEAPU component-level-model (CLM) and a starter-generator (SG) model. Firstly, a MEAPU CLM was built and a continuous scaling method for the component characteristic map in the CLM is proposed to improve the model’s ac

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40

Mehdi, S., R. Amraoui, and A. Aissat. "Numerical investigation of organic light emitting diode OLED with different hole transport materials." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 17, no. 3 (2022): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2022.173.781.

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In this paper, a comparative study between four OLEDs devices is carried out. The bi- layers device (A) (consists of) Hole Injection Layer (HIL)/Electron Transport Layer (ETL), the multilayer device (B) (consists of) HIL Layer/Hole Transport Layer (HTL)/ETL Layer. The influence of the hole transporting material on the performance of the three layers OLEDs was investigated. Three different HTL materials were used: α- NPD, TAPC and p-TTA with the same electron transporting material as Alq3; (these holes transport material consists the devices (B), (C) and (D) respectively). The carrier injection

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41

González-Castaño, Catalina, Carlos Restrepo, Fredy Sanz, Andrii Chub, and Roberto Giral. "DC Voltage Sensorless Predictive Control of a High-Efficiency PFC Single-Phase Rectifier Based on the Versatile Buck-Boost Converter." Sensors 21, no. 15 (2021): 5107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155107.

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Many electronic power distribution systems have strong needs for highly efficient AC-DC conversion that can be satisfied by using a buck-boost converter at the core of the power factor correction (PFC) stage. These converters can regulate the input voltage in a wide range with reduced efforts compared to other solutions. As a result, buck-boost converters could potentially improve the efficiency in applications requiring DC voltages lower than the peak grid voltage. This paper compares SEPIC, noninverting, and versatile buck-boost converters as PFC single-phase rectifiers. The converters are d

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42

Ben Said, Salwa, Kamel Ben Saad, and Mohamed Benrejeb. "HIL simulation approach for a multicellular converter controlled by sliding mode." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, no. 17 (2017): 12790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.01.198.

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43

Sanchez, Alberto, Angel de Castro, Maria Sofía Martínez-García, and Javier Garrido. "LOCOFloat: A Low-Cost Floating-Point Format for FPGAs.: Application to HIL Simulators." Electronics 9, no. 1 (2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010081.

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One of the main decisions when making a digital design is which arithmetic is going to be used. The arithmetic determines the hardware resources needed and the latency of every operation. This is especially important in real-time applications like HIL (Hardware-in-the-loop), where a real-time simulation of a plant—power converter, mechanical system, or any other complex system—is accomplished. While a fixed-point gets optimal implementations, using considerably fewer resources and allowing smaller simulation steps, its use is very restricted to very specific applications, as its design effort

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44

Herrera, Luis, Cong Li, Xiu Yao, and Jin Wang. "FPGA-Based Detailed Real-Time Simulation of Power Converters and Electric Machines for EV HIL Applications." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 51, no. 2 (2015): 1702–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2014.2350074.

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45

Abdurraqeeb, Akram M., Abdullrahman A. Al-Shamma’a, Abdulaziz Alkuhayli, Abdullah M. Noman, and Khaled E. Addoweesh. "RST Digital Robust Control for DC/DC Buck Converter Feeding Constant Power Load." Mathematics 10, no. 10 (2022): 1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10101782.

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The instability of DC microgrids is the most prominent problem that limits the expansion of their use, and one of the most important causes of instability is constant power load CPLs. In this paper, a robust RST digital feedback controller is proposed to overcome the instability issues caused by the negative-resistance effect of CPLs and to improve robustness against the perturbations of power load and input voltage fluctuations, as well as to achieve a good tracking performance. To develop the proposed controller, it is necessary to first identify the dynamic model of the DC/DC buck converter

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46

González-Castaño, Catalina, Carlos Restrepo, Freddy Flores-Bahamonde, and Jose Rodriguez. "A Composite DC–DC Converter Based on the Versatile Buck–Boost Topology for Electric Vehicle Applications." Sensors 22, no. 14 (2022): 5409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145409.

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The composite converter allows integrating the high-efficiency converter modules to achieve superior efficiency performance, becoming a prominent solution for electric transport power conversion. In this work, the versatile buck–boost dc–dc converter is proposed to be integrated into an electric vehicle composite architecture that requires a wide voltage range in the dc link to improve the electric motor efficiency. The inductor core of this versatile buck–boost converter has been redesigned for high voltage applications. The versatile buck–boost converter module of the composite architecture

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47

Subham, G. Tekeshwar, Rajeswari Ramachandran, Jeevitha Kandasamy, and Reshma Muralidharan. "Automatic Load Frequency Control of Renewable Energy Integrated Hybrid Power System." March 2022 4, no. 1 (2022): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jtcsst.2022.1.002.

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Frequency aberration, power quality, and system instability may be caused by the general perception of Renewable Energy (RE). To control the frequency with the tolerable limit, load frequency control is being performed. Automatic Load Frequency Control (ALFC) must be provided with a proper controller. Ziegler-Nichols method is being used to tune the parameters of the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for Load Frequency Control of Hybrid Power System (HPS). Traditional PID controllers are capable of handling a larger varieties of rapid changes in load variations in renewable ene

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48

Singh, Vijay Kumar, and Ravi Nath Tripathi. "An FPGA Hardware-in-the-Loop Approach for Comprehensive Analysis and Development of Grid-Connected VSI System." Energies 16, no. 2 (2023): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020759.

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Power electronic converters are used for an efficient and controlled conversion of power generated from renewable energy sources and can interface generated power to the grid. Among available power converters, voltage source inverters (VSIs) have been widely employed for grid-connected applications due to better controllability with higher efficiency. Although various conventional, as well as modern control techniques, have been developed for grid connected VSI system, there is a need to select suitable control technique based on application and control requirements. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)

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49

Chowdhury, M. M. R., L. Strayóczky, and Z. Süto. "Real-time Simulation Framework for Validating Controllers of Virtual Synchronous Generators." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 21, no. 1 (2023): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj21.299.

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The utilization of active rectifiers as converters in the interface between AC and DC microgrids has become a prevalent practice owing to their capacity to facilitate bidirectional power flow. The contemporary methodology for the development of power converters includes the integration of real-time simulation steps for the validation of control schemes and the assurance of safe implementation with hardware. The present study proposes a methodology for developing a real-time Hardware-in-theLoop (HIL) simulation framework, which aims to facilitate the rapid prototyping of advanced control algori

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50

Jiang, Wei, Linfeng Sun, Yan Chen, Haining Ma, and Seiji Hashimoto. "A Hardware-in-the-Loop-on-Chip Development System for Teaching and Development of Dynamic Systems." Electronics 10, no. 7 (2021): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070801.

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This paper proposes a low-cost on-chip Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) platform for teaching and fast prototyping of dynamic systems. A dual-core digital signal controller (DSC)-based solution is proposed for the HIL system. CPU core A, as the simulation engine, is dedicated to circuit and system simulation. The actuation and control logic are implemented in CPU core B, which is working as the control engine. Inter-processor communication is used to interchange variables between the CPUs. The digital-to-analog converter and digital outputs are used to send the duty cycle and system state variables

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