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Tesis sobre el tema "Pregnant women Poor women Poor"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 11 de febrero de 2022

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1

Rodriguez-Soto, Isa. "Micronutrient intake by poor urban pregnant women and lactating women in Cali, Colombia". Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433480.

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2

Nwi-ue, Letam. "Predictors of Poor Pregnancy Outcomes Among Pregnant Women in Island Maternity, Nigeria". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7245.

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Pregnancy outcomes have improved tremendously in developed countries. Notwithstanding, it is still a huge challenge in developing countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015 in Nigeria, about 145 women died daily from pregnancy-related causes. Similarly, nearly 2,300 children under 5 years were lost in the same year. Nigeria consistently underperformed in some of the critical pregnancy indicators such as maternal and neonatal mortality, second worst only to India in the world. Studies on poor pregnancy outcomes are scarce in Nigeria. The purpose of this quantitative, retrospective cross-sectional study was to use local evidence to ascertain the risk factors that predict poor pregnancy outcomes for women of childbearing age (15-49 years old) in Nigeria. The theoretical framework for this study was the social cognitive theory. Secondary data from 400 pregnant women from Island Maternity Hospital, Nigeria, was used for this study. Five central research questions were analyzed through univariate and multiple logistic regressions. The results indicated moderate to strong statistically significant associations between outcomes of last pregnancy, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, and the timing of antenatal care booking with maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, and low birth weight, even after controlling for other covariates. Findings from this study may foster positive social change by further enhancing the understanding of poor pregnancy outcomes, especially in Nigeria. It will help public health practitioners, policymakers, community leaders and other stakeholders to design strategies and interventions that will take advantage of cultural and religious norms and educational status of women of childbearing age in promoting reproductive health in Nigeria.

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3

Vallianatos, Helen. "Food, gender & power : poor & pregnant in New Delhi, India /". view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3136450.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 300-341). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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4

Andrews, Jeanette. "A phenomenological study : the experience and meaning of being pregnant and on social assistance /". St. John's, NF : [s.n.], 2000.

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5

Gelaye, Bizu, Yasmin V. Barrios, Qiu-Yue Zhong, Marta B. Rondón, Christina P. C. Borba, Sixto E. Sánchez, David C. Henderson y Michelle A. Williams. "Association of poor subjective sleep quality with suicidal ideation among pregnant Peruvian women". Elsevier B.V, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/555873.

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bgelaye@hsph.harvard.edu
Article
Objective: To examine the independent and joint relationships of poor subjective sleep quality and antepartum depression with suicidal ideation among pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 641 pregnant women attending prenatal care clinics in Lima, Peru. Antepartumdepression and suicidal ideationwere assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale. Antepartumsubjective sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Logistic regression procedures were performed to estimate odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusted for confounders. Results: Overall, the prevalence of suicidal ideation in this cohort was 16.8% and poor subjective sleep qualitywas more common among women endorsing suicidal ideation as compared to their counterpartswho did not (47.2% vs. 24.8%, Pb.001). After adjustment for confounders including maternal depression, poor subjective sleep quality (defined using the recommended criteria of PSQI global score of N5 vs. ≤5) was associated with a 1.7-fold increased odds of suicidal ideation (aOR=1.67; 95% CI 1.02–2.71). When assessed as a continuous variable, each 1-unit increase in the global PSQI score resulted in an 18% increase in odds for suicidal ideation, even after adjusting for depression (aOR=1.18; 95% CI 1.08–1.28). Women with both poor subjective sleep quality and depression had a 3.5-fold increased odds of suicidal ideation (aOR=3.48; 95% CI 1.96–6.18) as compared with those who had neither risk factor. Conclusion: Poor subjective sleep quality was associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation. Replication of these findings may promote investments in studies designed to examine the efficacy of sleep-focused interventions to treat pregnant women with sleep disorders and suicidal ideation.
This research was supported by an award fromtheNational Institutes of Health (NIH; R01-HD-059835, T37-MD000149 and K01MH100428). The NIH had no further role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The authors wish to thank the dedicated staff members of Asociacion Civil Proyectos en Salud (PROESA), Peru and Instituto Especializado Materno Perinatal, Peru, for their expert technical assistance with this research.
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6

James, Mesloh Jennifer. "Social capital influences in women at risk for poor pregnancy outcomes". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4643.

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Poor pregnancy outcomes such as prematurity, low birth weight and infant mortality are societal indicators of a nation's health status. These indicators have remained at exceptionally high rates in the United States despite the levels of resources and technology. In the quest to understand that discrepancy, among the ranges of theories and models for explaining poor pregnancy outcomes an emerging concept is coming to attention: social capital. In order to test whether maternal social capital has an impact on pregnancy outcome, women in a Healthy Start program were surveyed over a 13-month period to assess their social capital levels and then their pregnancy outcomes. What emerged was that maternal social capital can predict up to 47% of the variance in pregnancy outcome. That is a powerful research result considering that previously there has been no literature tracing a link between maternal social capital and pregnancy outcome. In this study, maternal risk factors adversely affect up to 30% of the variance in pregnancy outcomes. Previous research has focused on maternal risk factors as the primary reason for high rates of preterm delivery, low birth weight, and infant mortality in the United States. However, this research found that in the sample of women at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, maternal risk factors had a very strong influence on maternal social capital (R-square=65%) while their effects on pregnancy outcomes were about half of their effects on social capital. This result suggests that social capital mediates the effects of maternal risk factors on pregnancy outcomes. It appears that one of the reasons that the high rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the United States have remained a mystery is that maternal social capital has not been taken into account.
ID: 028917057; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 250-280).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs

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7

Rodriguez, Candice A. "Risk Factors for Poor Birth Outcomes in Moderately Malnourished Pregnant Women in Sierra Leone". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2241.

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Background: Maternal malnutrition in developing countries is associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Malnourished mothers are often faced with additional risk factors as a circumstance of poverty. Supplementary nutrition can improve the outcomes of both mother and infant. Identifying maternal nutritional and socioeconomic risk factors is critical for developing effective interventions. Objective: A secondary analysis to evaluate maternal risk factors associated with poor birth outcomes including pregnancy loss, low birth weight, stunting, and preterm delivery among moderately malnourished pregnant women in Sierra Leone. Maternal risk factors in the analysis are age, education, parity, BMI, MUAC, gestational weight gain, and recent exposure to malaria infection. Methods: Pregnant women were enrolled into a randomized controlled trial when presenting with a MUAC ≤ 23cm (N=1475). Demographic information was collected and women were randomly assigned two receive either a ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) or a corn-soy blended flour with an iron and folic acid supplement (CSB +IFA). Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, MUAC, and fundal height were measured every two weeks during pregnancy. Upon delivery the infant was measured for length, weight, MUAC, and head circumference and the mother was measured for MUAC. Infant outcomes of interest included stunting (length-for-age z-score Results: The mean age of enrolled pregnant women was 21.2 years with a mean BMI of 19.78 kg/m2. A total of 33.2% had never attended school. Controlling for weeks on treatment and BMI at enrollment, mothers receiving the RUSF treatment gained a mean 0.49 kg (p2 produced infants that were significantly smaller than women with a BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/cm2 . Similarly, infants born to women with a MUAC(p=0.004) and had a 0.26 cm smaller MUAC (p=0.008) compared to women with a MUAC ≤23. Additionally, for every one unit decrease in maternal MUAC, women has 1.2 greater odds of preterm delivery (p=0.022). Also, women with adequate weekly weight gain gave birth to infants with a 0.37 cm greater mean length (p=0.012), 7.0 g greater mean weight (p=0.030), and 0.08 cm greater mean MUAC (p=0.045) than women with inadequate weight gain. No association was found between recent exposure to malaria at enrollment and poor infant outcomes. Conclusion: In resource poor settings like Sierra Leone with high rates of maternal malnutrition and a high burden of stunting, LBW, and preterm delivery, use of RUSF improved maternal nutritional status but did not impact infant outcomes. The youngest adolescents had the most adverse infant outcomes. Education did not have the expected outcome, indicating other risk factors in this population may play a greater role in infant outcomes. Maternal risk factors of malnutrition such as BMI2and MUACpregnancy, women should be encouraged to gain adequate weight. Young primiparous adolescent are at the highest risk and interventions to postpone motherhood should be priority.

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8

Barrios, Yasmin V., Bizu Gelaye, Qiu-Yue Zhong, Christina Nicolaidis, Marta B. Rondon, Pedro J. Garcia y Pedro A. Mascaro Sanchez. "Association of Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse with Intimate Partner Violence, Poor General Health and Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant Women". PLoS ONE, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/344059.

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This research was supported by an award from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD- 059835). The NIH had no further role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The authors wish to thank the dedicated staff members of Asociacion Civil Proyectos en Salud (PROESA), Peru and Instituto Materno Perinatal, Peru for their expert technical assistance with this research.
Objective We examined associations of childhood physical and sexual abuse with risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). We also evaluated the extent to which childhood abuse was associated with self-reported general health status and symptoms of antepartum depression in a cohort of pregnant Peruvian women. Methods In-person interviews were conducted to collect information regarding history of childhood abuse and IPV from 1,521 women during early pregnancy. Antepartum depressive symptomatology was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results Any childhood abuse was associated with 2.2-fold increased odds of lifetime IPV (95%CI: 1.72–2.83). Compared with women who reported no childhood abuse, those who reported both, childhood physical and sexual abuse had a 7.14-fold lifetime risk of physical and sexual IPV (95%CI: 4.15–12.26). The odds of experiencing physical and sexual abuse by an intimate partner in the past year was 3.33-fold higher among women with a history of childhood physical and sexual abuse as compared to women who were not abused as children (95%CI 1.60–6.89). Childhood abuse was associated with higher odds of self-reported poor health status during early pregnancy (aOR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.04–1.68) and with symptoms of antepartum depression (aOR = 2.07, 95%CI: 1.58–2.71). Conclusion These data indicate that childhood sexual and physical abuse is associated with IPV, poor general health and depressive symptoms in early pregnancy. The high prevalence of childhood trauma and its enduring effects of on women’s health warrant concerted global health efforts in preventing violence.
: This research was supported by an award from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD-059835). The NIH had no further role in study design; in the collection,
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9

Roussy, Joanne Marie. "How poverty shapes women's experiences of health during pregnancy, a grounded theory study". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0028/NQ38967.pdf.

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10

Storkey, Karen. "The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the prepartum and postpartum period : a study of low-income women in the Western Cape, South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2268.

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Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
This study aimed to determine whether low-income women residing in a rural community in South Africa experienced any significant difference in the prevalence rates of depressive symptoms postpartum as compared to depressive symptoms prepartum. Thirty women between the ages of 16 and 38 were recruited during pregnancy from the local community clinic in Kylemore, South Africa. The women where assessed for elevated levels of depressive symptomatology using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) during pregnancy and again at three and six months postpartum. It was found that 18 (60%) of the women reported elevated levels of depressive symptomatology during the prepartum assessment, with 11 (37.9%) and 12 (48%) women reporting elevated levels of depressive symptomatology at the three months and six month postpartum assessment respectively. It was further found that the sample from the current study did not experience any significant difference in the rate of depressive symptomatology from the prepartum assessment to either of the postpartum assessments. The results also suggests that a relationship exists between the levels of depressive symptomatology prepartum and the levels of depressive symptomatology postpartum, as those women who experienced high levels of depressive symptomatology during pregnancy continued to show high levels of depressive symptomatology at the postpartum assessments. The findings from the current study thus suggest that the classification of postpartum depression as a unique and separate entity, that differs from depression occurring in women at other times and from depression as experienced by men, may be misleading. The term suggests a depression that develops following childbirth, while in the current study it seemed that when depressive symptoms were reported postpartum, they were also already apparent during pregnancy. The findings from the current study therefore suggest that the existence of postpartum depression as a distinct diagnosis or illness is problematic – a suggestion that has frequently been suggested in the literature (Aderibigbe, Gureje, & Omigbodun, 1993; Chandran, Tharyan, Muliyil & Abraham, 2002; Cooper, Campbell, Day, Kennerly & Bond, 1988; Cox, Murray & Chapman, 1993; O’Hara, Zekoski, Phillips & Wright, 1990; Patel, Rodrigues, & DeSouza, 2002).

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11

Nugent, Patricia M. "The experiences of women participants and resource mothers with the Healthy Baby Club model of prenatal support /". St. John's, NF : [s.n.], 1999.

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12

Islam, Farzana. "Women, employment, and the family : poor informal sector women workers in Dhaka City". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418496.

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This thesis is an outcome of epistemological and ontological exploration of poor women engaged in Informal sector (IFS) and a 12 months anthropological fieldwork in a selected poor neighbourhood (Islambag) of Dhaka city they reside. Basic theoretical framework of the thesis, have been resourced from feminist theoretical perspectives and anthropological works. Fieldwork revealed that in Bangladesh, theoretical works on urban poor women engaged in the informal sector are scanty, lack insights and inadequate. Nevertheless, some insights has definitely been gained in the process of fieldwork, these are: access to employment of poor women in the IFS is inconsistent, and very low paid. The assumption reflected in the wide range literature that earning by the women strengthens their position in the family it frees them from subordination, is proven to be over simplistic conception. The finding suggests that the position of women is overwhelmed by the cultural, religious values and mechanism of `male dominance'. Dependency of women on male family or household members and control over sexuality remain on the polar side of the male. However, most consistent and in every sphere that poor women have been taking their intense initiative in constructing fictive kinship network with almost all categories of men and women and use it as social capital for their survival. In this process they consistently innovate strategies to expand this fictive kinship network in order to strengthen the effectiveness of utilization of this network for earning in one hand and advancement on the other. Not limiting within the fictive kinship, poor women is constantly reviewing and learning to resist in one hand and using the actual kin on the other for their subsistence and promotion. So the basic conclusion of the study has been appeared to be that poor women of my study are intensely valuing the social relations started from actual kin to constructing fictive kinship and transform it to social capital in order to develop a solid foundation that can be used for their economic livelihood and life in general. Both extensive and intensive exploration into their process of constructing social capital and its role in the life of poor women is an absolute necessity for academia to have an understanding of the depth of their problem before drawing any major conclusion. This thesis is a step towards that goal.

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13

Pitchforth, Emma. "Emergency obstetric care : needs of poor women in Bangladesh". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU178610.

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Background: Ensuring that all women have access to emergency obstetric care (EmOC) in the event of a complication is vital. One well-accepted conceptual model suggests that the three main areas of delay facing women in accessing EmOC are: (1) deciding to seek care; (2) reaching an appropriate health facility; and (3) receiving treatment once at a health facility. This study explores whether poorer women are disadvantaged in receiving treatment once at a health facility. Methods: The mixed-method study is based in a large teaching hospital in Bangladesh. The poverty status of obstetrics patients is assessed and a case note review is conducted for women staying in the hospital longer than 24 hours. Treatment and time waited are then analysed by poverty status. A sub-group of women are followed-up for more indepth interviews after discharge. These interviews explore the experience of women and relatives in using EmOC. Observation and staff interviews are also conducted within the hospital. Findings: Compared to the wider population, the poorest women are not utilising EmOC. Women face considerable costs in receiving treatment but there did not appear to be differences in treatment received by different poverty groups. The main costs were for drugs, blood and other medical supplies. Most families had to sell assets or borrow money to meet these costs. The doctors operated a 'poor fund', which could provide help for the poorest women in immediately life threatening situations. The government funded welfare organization did not operate well in emergency cases. Conclusions: As the provision of EmOC increases, efforts must ensure equitable uptake among women of all socioeconomic status. Sustainable support mechanisms are needed within hospitals as well as community-based programmes promoting uptake of care. Better maternity services and strengthening the role of trained midwives may be important in improving the uptake of EmOC.

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14

Jackson, William. "Poor men and loose women : colonial Kenya's other whites". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/999/.

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If the colonial ‘other’, as Edward Said so eloquently showed, was as much invented or imagined as honestly appraised then the same might also be said of the colonising self. Whilst the supposed backwardness of subject races served to legitimate colonial rule, so, equally, did the totemic figure of the masterful European. As recent work has shown, however, colonial populations were never as stable or as homogenous as was once believed: a significant number of ‘poor whites’ - in Southern Africa, India, the Dutch East Indies and elsewhere - challenged the prestige of the ruling race. To speak of ‘poor whites’, however, itself a term of colonial discourse, risks reinforcing the exceptionality that the term implies. Taking Kenya as a case study, this thesis seeks to get beyond the archetypes conferred by both the ‘poor white’ and the masterful European. To do so, I argue, it is necessary to seek out those who have themselves been marginalised or forgotten. To this end, the thesis uses case files of European patients treated at the Mathari Mental Hospital in Nairobi, alongside records pertaining to European welfare and the deportation of ‘undesirables’, to construct a social history of mental illness and social marginality in Britain’s supposedly most aristocratic colonial possession. The resulting study not only shows up the diversity and disorder of Kenya’s colonial Europeans but also opens up new avenues for rethinking the nature of their interior, lived experience. Doing so, I argue, makes possible a recognition of the Europeans in Kenya not as agents of power but as sentient, susceptible human beings.

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15

Lucas, Denise DeMaria. "Learned resourcefulness in working women who are poor and uninsured". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10932.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2010.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 106 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-94).

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16

Michel, Patricia Marie. "Food label reading habits of low-income women and women from the general population". Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07292009-090255/.

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17

Kyomuhendo, Grace Bantebya. "Treatment seeking behaviour among poor urban women in Kampala Uganda". Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4928.

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This thesis examines women's treatment seeking behaviour for their own illnesses and that of children underfive in Kamwokya . The focus is on the extent to which women's access to money and time use patterns affect treatment seeking. It has been argued that women's treatment seeking behaviour is influenced more by their time use than their access to and availability of money.The findings obtained through the use of case histories and in-depth interviews indicate that though women in Kamwokya have access to their own money, mainly through participation in income generating activities (business), illness management for children under-five and even more for the women themselves, remains problematic. Women are overworked and manage fragile businesses that require their personal attention and presence. Hence, treatment seeking is done in a manner that will ensure minimal disruption of businesses. Consequently children's health, and even more so, that of women , is compromised for the sake of other family needs.This thesis demonstrates that illness management is not context free, and that no one factor can explain the whole process ; it both affects and is affected by other things happening in the family. Due to the multiple roles women have to fulfil, "time use "is found to be the organising and central factor in illness management for both women and children in Kamwokya, whether from rich or poor households.The thesis concludes by suggesting that policy makers, health care providers and professionals ought to take into account the daily routines of family life in their plans and programmes. Strengthening of private sector health providers, health education programmes and increased awareness raising of male responsibilities towards their families are recommended as a way of improving the health of women and children in Uganda.

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18

Smith, Patricia (Patricia Morrison) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "The efficacy of literacy in empowering poor women in Honduras". Ottawa, 1993.

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19

WINOGRAD, BIANCA. "WARRIOR WOMEN IN POOR COMMUNITIES: A STRUGGLE TOWARD CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9462@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Este estudo visa mostrar que a experiência de mulheres pobres e anônimas que se destacam por trabalhos sociais em suas comunidades pode nos revelar várias questões plurais dentro de um conjunto supostamente homogêneo. As mulheres escolhidas neste estudo se destacaram através da resistência individual, ou por não se submeter aos padrões sociais que tentam impedir sua inserção em espaços supostamente privilegiados, e da persistência em fazer de trabalhos sociais um caminho de luta rumo à conquista plena de seus direitos enquanto cidadãs. Talvez, ao final deste estudo, se consiga contribuir com a história social das Mulheres no Brasil. O jogo social de consentimentos e conflitos invisíveis que aparece na luta de poder entre as próprias mulheres raramente é exposto como nessa oportunidade em que mulheres pobres e faveladas têm de contar sua história. Para além da visão clássica da condição feminina que uniformiza mulheres e homens, este estudo pretende mostrar os deslocamento destas posições dicotômicas de gênero que englobam questões de raça / etnia, classe e geração.
This study doesn't seek to portray histories of heroines and of executioners, but show that the women's experience can reveal us several plural subjects of a group supposedly homogeneous. The chosen women in this study, got if it highlights through the individual resistance in not submitting to the effective social patterns that try to impede their inserts supposedly in spaces privileged and of the persistence in doing a fight road of their social works heading for the full conquest of their rights while citizens. Maybe, at the end of this study, I get to contribute with the social history of the Women in Brazil putting in prominence the social game of consents and invisible conflicts that appear in the fight of power also among the own women, because rarely, the poor and slum dwellers women have the opportunity to count their history. For besides the classic vision of the feminine condition that it equalizes women and men, this study intends to show the displacement of these divided positions gender that include race / ethno, class and generation.

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20

Turgeon, Brianna Marie. "Poor Women, Poor Workers, Poor Mothers: Using Critical Discourse Analysis to Examine Welfare-to-Work Program Managers’ Expectations and Evaluations of their Clients’ Mothering". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1396815783.

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21

Ma, Fengzhi. "Zhongguo cheng shi xia gang shi ye pin kun fu nü qiu zhu he shou zhu jing yan de xu shu fen xi". online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3241049.

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22

Lukawiecki, Teresa (Teresa L. ). Carleton University Dissertation Social Work. ""Class, gender, and charity: the experiences of older women in three Ottawa charitable institutions, 1865-1890."". Ottawa, 1993.

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23

Diack, H. Lesley. "Women, health and charity : women in the poor relief systems in eighteenth century Scotland and France". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU113347.

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This thesis is a study of the participation of women in the operation of the poor relief systems of Scotland and France in the eighteenth century. It examines whether or not religious difference affected the way that poor women were treated. It challenges the idea that women constituted the majority of those receiving aid from the male authorities. Certainly many women needed relief but they were not the ones who received it in the main. The church, the infirmaries and the workhouses all aided more men than women. On receipt of aid, moreover, women usually received less. This was contradictory not only to the earlier perceptions of female poverty but also to those of male poverty. The fact that men were the majority of those receiving aid and the majority of those in the institution is, on the surface, the more surprising since neither country believed in relief for the able-bodied unemployed poor. While this thesis contributes to the gender analysis of history it also recognises that social class was also a factor in the distribution of relief. Women played a fuller role in the institutions than the men and were able to avoid continual poverty by working as carers, cleaners and nurses. It would seem to be the case that women made more use of the outdoor relief available to them rather than the possibility of admission to any of the institutions. Even when a ward was established for the exclusive use of women in pregnancy this was not utilised to any extent. Catholic France, because of the traditional role played by women within the church, made more use of women and their work in the institutions. It allowed more professionalisation of the role of nurses and midwives than did Protestant Scotland.

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24

Bhatt, Meenakshi Sanjeev. "Participatory strategies in income generation programmes for poor women in India". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29247135.

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25

Luce, Cara E. "Appalachian Women's Expectations and Experiences of Fatherhood in Low-Income Families: A Life Course Perspective". Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1244132416.

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26

VanHorn, Barbara. "Violence and depression among ethnically diverse, low income women: Mediating and moderating factors". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2594/.

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This longitudinal study examined factors influencing the relationship between sustained partner violence and depression/suicidality among ethnically diverse, low income, community women. The sample at Wave 1 consisted of 303 African American, 273 Euro-American, and 260 Mexican American women in long term relationships with a household income less that twice the poverty threshold. There were no ethnic differences on frequency of partner violence, depression, or suicidality. The moderate relationship between partner violence and women's depression, confirmed previous findings. Frequency, but not recency, of violence predicted depression and suicidal ideation for African Americans and Mexican Americans, even after controlling for earlier depression or ideation. Recent violence did not predict Euro-American's depression or suicidality after controlling for initial scores. Causal and responsibility attributions for partners' violence did not mediate the relationship between violence and depression or suicidality in any ethnic group. However, African American women's attributions of global effects for violence mediated the relationship of violence on depression and suicidal ideation. Poverty level and marital status moderated the relationship between violence and the number of times women seriously considered and actually attempted suicide. Frequent violence was most lethal among the poorest women and marriage provided the least protection for women in the most violent relationships. Specifically, poverty status moderated violence on consideration of suicide for African Americans and Euro-Americans and suicide attempts among Mexican Americans. Marital status moderated partners' violence on suicidal ideation and attempts for Mexican Americans and consideration of suicide for Euro-Americans, but was not a moderator for African Americans' depression or suicidality. Women with different ethnic backgrounds appear to differ in the ways partner violence contributes to their depression and suicidality. Policy implications include the need to offer suicide intervention, particularly for low income women seeking services for violence. Mental health professionals should routinely inquire about partner violence when women present with depression or suicidality. Further, sensitivity to ethnic differences is recommended when confronting women's attributions regarding violence.

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27

Ngan, Ching-ching Dora. "Alleviating poverty of rural landless women : paths taken by Bangladesh and the Philippines /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2124084X.

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Purba, Rasita Ekawati. "Rural women, poverty and social welfare programs in Indonesia /". Connect to this title, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0056.

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29

Asogwa, Cecilia Ukamaka. "Managing Stress Among Rural Poor Women in a Distressed Economy; DEC's Experience". Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 1995. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,1930.

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30

Mohamed, Fauzia Mtei. "Money matters? : micro-credit and poverty reduction among poor women in Tanzania". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2971/.

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This thesis concerns the meaning and role of money as perceived both by poor women in Tanzania and the micro-credit agencies seeking to reduce their poverty. It argues that the economic understandings of money promoted by micro-credit do not reflect everyday monetary practices and beliefs, rendering the agencies less effective than they could be. Studying micro-credit is important given that it has been adopted as a major alternative poverty reduction strategy. This study contextualises women's understanding of money in terms of their participation in informal economy, their transition from rural to urban life, and their negotiation of gender roles and expectations. Empirical research focused on in-depth interviews with clients and staff at two micro-credit agencies in Dar es Salaam: PRIDE and SELFINA. Despite different policies and organisational structures, in both cases, the study found that women and micro-credit agencies have divergent understandings of money and its investment as well as of poverty and its reduction. Moreover both agencies treated money as a discrete element, largely ignoring the gender, social, cultural and patriarchal relations that influence these women's monetary practices and beliefs. This study concludes that micro-credit's attempt to alter resource allocation in the household by offering women an opportunity to earn money for economic investment without addressing issues of resource allocation and distribution within the household will not eventually benefit poor women.

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31

Finck, Ruth Ann Charles. "Project Success : a career counseling intervention program for economically disadvantaged women /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9712799.

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32

Sharp, Erin Brooke. "Relationships between dietary intake and body mass index of primarily low-income, African-American children and their female caregivers living in rural Alabama". Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/SHARP_ERIN_42.pdf.

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33

Freeman-Coker, Fannie Charlene. "The effects of self-esteem, locus of control, and exposure to nontraditional occupations on the employment interests of women in poverty". Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135438/.

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34

Adair, Vivyan C. "From "good ma" to "welfare queen" : a "genealogy" of the poor woman in 20th century American literature, photography and culture /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9511.

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35

Weston, Rebecca. "Patterns of Relationship Violence among Low Income Women and Severely Psychologically Abused Women". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279075/.

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Little research has addressed the degree to which domestic violence is mutual and whether patterns are stable across women's relationships. Studies that exist have conflicting results. This study addressed these issues and the effects of sustaining past violence on women's expressions of violence in their current relationship. Archival data from a sample of severely psychologically abused community women (N = 92) and a sample of low-income community women (N = 836) were analyzed. Results showed the presence of mutual violence in women's current relationships which was not related to past partners' violence. Results regarding the stability of violence are weak, but indicate that the frequency and severity of violence across relationships sustained by women does not decrease across relationships. Overall, results supported the hypothesis that violence is mutual in the relationships of community women, although specific patterns may differ by ethnicity.

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36

Geerlings, Ellen. "HPAI, poultry and the poor : how risk perceptions, livelihoods and food insecurity influence vulnerability to HPAI (H5N1) among poor women in Egypt". Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659016.

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In this thesis, the author set out to investigate the impact of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5NI (!-IPA! H5Nl) on the livelihoods and food security of a subset of poor women in the household poultry sector in Egypt. Egypt has experienced one of the worst outbreaks of HP AI (H5N l) outside Asia and is now one of six countries where the virus is endemic among the poultry population. The discovery of the Swine Flu virus (LPA! HINI) in Egypt in 2009 and its present co-existence with HPAl (H5NI) has alarmed the international community. In light of the above the findings presented in this thesis become particularly relevant. On a global level, there is a realization that efficient HPAI (H5Nl) control cannot be based on epidemiological data alone. Such control depends on a thorough understanding and appreciation of the interconnectedness of epidemiological, social, and economic factors that contribute to HPAI (H5NI) vulnerability. Therefore, this thesis explored the interrelationship between the three major influences on HP AI (H5N I) endemicity in Egypt: poverty and livelihoods, risk perceptions and food security. A mixed method approach underpinned the analysis. To date, the control of HPAl (H5N I) in Egypt has been challenging. Part of the problem has been a lack of understanding of underlying conditions and motives that influence preventive behaviours at the household level. Indeed, the analysis of risk demonstrated that perceptions of human infection were low and despite recognising the benefits of many biosecurity behaviours, the overall adoption of such behaviour was poor. By disaggregating local indicators of wealth and poverty the study was able to ' reach beyond' traditional classifications of poultry keepers and explore differences between groups. The 'package' approach described in this thesis enabled a more intricate understanding of how marriage/widowhood, education levels and access to resources influenced a wide range of issues such as vulnerability to HP AI (H5N I), risk perceptions, preventive behaviours, food security and coping strategies. In doing so, the thesis was able to demonstrate the need for more targeted approach to knowledge transfer and awareness at the community level.

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37

Cunnan, Priscilla. "The health of urban poor, black women street traders in Durban, South Africa". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399218.

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38

Menezes, Valderiza Almeida. "Man I: Parenting, Knowledge and contraception among poor women in Fortaleza (1960-1980)". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8271.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
The present research wants to think historically about the experience of poor woman in Fortaleza â CearÃ with the contraception in the 1960s and 1970s. The birth control has become a theme very discussed by many subjects from the rise of contraceptive methods like birth control pills, IUD â intrauterine device -, and tubal ligations, as the possibility of a "demographic explosion" in poor countries of Latin America. In this context, State, Civil Society and the Catholic Church undertook a dispute for speech in which the female body was at the center of the question. Thus, this study favored memories of some poor women living in the suburbs of the city of Fortaleza, with the intention of realizing how they remember the use of contraception, whether or not medicalized. The intention is to understand how the models of masculinity and femininity constructed interfered in the everyday of the subjects and how the demand and world view affected the choices made. This discussion is based, mainly, in oral source, medical magazines, family planning civil entityâs publications and newspapers of that time, documents who aloud visualize acquiescence, refusals and adaptation to the proposed ideal.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo refletir historicamente sobre a experiÃncia das mulheres pobres de Fortaleza - CearÃ com a contracepÃÃo, nas dÃcadas de 1960 e 1970. O controle de natalidade passou a ser um tema amplamente discutido por diversos sujeitos a partir da ascensÃo de mÃtodos contraceptivos como pÃlulas anticoncepcionais, DIUs â Dispositivos Intrauterinos - e laqueaduras de trompas, bem como da possibilidade de uma âexplosÃo demogrÃficaâ nos paÃses pobres da AmÃrica Latina. Nesse contexto, Estado, Igreja CatÃlica e Sociedade Civil empreenderam uma disputa pelo discurso em que o corpo feminino estava no cerne da questÃo. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa privilegiou as memÃrias de algumas mulheres pobres residentes em bairros perifÃricos da cidade de Fortaleza, na intenÃÃo de perceber como elas rememoram o uso da contracepÃÃo, seja ela medicalizada ou nÃo. A intenÃÃo Ã compreender de que maneira os modelos de masculinidade e feminilidade construÃdos interferiram no cotidiano dos sujeitos e como as demandas cotidianas e visÃo de mundo afetaram as escolhas feitas. A discussÃo aqui empreendida baseou-se principalmente em fontes orais, revistas mÃdicas, publicaÃÃes de entidades civis de planejamento familiar e jornais da Ãpoca, documentos que permitiram visualizar aquiescÃncias, recusas e adaptaÃÃes dos ideais propostos.

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39

Cranney, Brenda. "The women of Himachal Pradesh, the impact of development on the everyday lives of poor, rural women in India". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0018/NQ27287.pdf.

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40

Weigt, Jill Michele. "The work of mothering : welfare reform and the carework of working class and poor mothers /". view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3072609.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 243-258). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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41

Salan, Sour Suphot Dendoung. "Marital rape among the poor women in the Slum of Urban Phnom Penh, Cambodia /". Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd376/4637979.pdf.

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42

Dornig, Katrina. ""Being a work in progress on a long, rough road" a grounded theory study of help-seeking for emotional pain among low-income women with HIV/AIDS /". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=2023862201&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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43

Russell-Morris, Brianne. "The logic of welfare reform an analysis of the reauthorization of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 /". Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4533.

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Thesis (M.A.)--George Mason University, 2009.
Vita: p. 110. Thesis director: Nancy Weiss Hanrahan. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-109). Also issued in print.

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44

Moser, Michaela. "A good life for all : feminist ethical reflections on women, poverty, and the possibilities of creating a change". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683277.

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45

Marbais, Peter Christian. "The fate of this poor woman men, women, and intersubjectivity in Moll Flanders and Roxana /". [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1112111031.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2005.
Title from PDF t.p. (Aug. 9, 2006). Advisor: Vera J. Camden. Keywords: intersubjectivity; Moll Flanders; Roxana; Fate; Providence. Includes bibliographical references (p. 347- 361).

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46

Meira, Thaís Helena Devitto. "A violência por parceiro íntimo e sua interface com a saúde reprodutiva da mulher". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-16012014-161036/.

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Ao se realizar uma interface entre a violência por parceiro íntimo (VPI) e suas relações para com a saúde da mulher, nota-se que as situações de violência tanto física como a sexual e psicológica afetam claramente a saúde sexual e reprodutiva, com impactos importantes. O presente estudo tem por objetivos: analisar aspectos da saúde reprodutiva das gestantes que estão associados à situação de VPI, durante a presente gestação; e identificar a prevalência de casos de VPI e classificar quanto ao tipo e momento da ocorrência. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo transversal, desenvolvido com gestantes em acompanhamento de pré-natal no CRSM-MATER, uma maternidade de baixo risco na cidade de Ribeirão Preto-SP. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da aplicação de dois instrumentos, um para investigação da ocorrência da violência e outro para identificação de dados sociodemográficos e de saúde reprodutiva. Para verificar a associação entre as variáveis qualitativas, os dados foram submetidos ao Teste Exato de Fisher. Além disso, a quantificação desta associação foi mensurada por meio de modelos de regressão logística onde se calculou o Odds Ratio bruto (ORb) com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas com a utilização do software estatístico SAS® 9.0. A amostra constitui-se por 233 gestantes que passaram por consulta de pré-natal, no período de maio a dezembro de 2012. A ocorrência de VPI alguma vez na vida foi relatada por 55,36% das mulheres, enquanto, no período gestacional, verificou-se uma prevalência de 15,45% de violência geral, sendo 5,15% de violência física, 14,59% de violência psicológica e 0,43% de violência sexual. Observou-se associação entre a VPI e as mulheres que se autorreferiram de cor preta ou parda (p= 0,0052; ORb=3,344; IC 95%: 1,399; 7,997) e que não estavam em um relacionamento com seus companheiros, no período da entrevista (p= 0,0348; ORb =3,840; IC 95%:1,376; 10, 717). Nota-se uma tendência à VPI entre as mulheres em idade mais jovem, com baixa escolaridade e que não exercem atividade remunerada. As características de saúde reprodutiva apontam associação entre a VPI e as mulheres que não desejaram a atual gestação (p= 0,0020; ORb = 4,351; IC 95%: 1,786; 10,602), que raramente frequentam a consulta ginecológica (p= 0,0129; ORb = 2,971; IC 95%: 1,116; 7,911) e que, ao longo da vida, fizeram uso de método contraceptivo do tipo comportamental (p = 0,0572; ORb = 2,372; IC 95%: 1,023; 5,496). O estudo é precursor no Brasil e revelou algumas relações da VPI e suas implicações na saúde reprodutiva. Assim, outros estudos se fazem necessários para se compreender mais amplamente esta relação, além de se direcionar o olhar para a identificação das mulheres em situação de violência, a fim de melhorar as condições de saúde das mesmas, em especial da saúde reprodutiva, repensando as ações interventivas, relacionando-as não somente aos serviços de saúde mas também a uma conjuntura intersetorial
On establishing an interface between intimate partner violence (IPV) and its connection with the woman\'s health, we see that situations of violence, whether physical, sexual or psychological, have a clear effect on sexual and reproductive health, with important types of impact. The present study has two main purposes: first, to analyse those aspects of the reproductive health of pregnant women that are linked to situations of IPV during the pregnancy; and secondly, identification of the prevalence of cases of IPV and classify them according to the type and the moment of the occurrence. This is a descriptive study of the transversal variety, applied to pregnant women who are having antenatal care at CRSM- MATER, a low-risk maternity unit in the city of Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The collection of data was made by applying two different instruments, one for the investigation of the occurrence of violence and the other to identify the social and demographic data and also the data regarding reproductive health. To check the association between qualitative variables, the data were subjected to the Exact Fisher Test. In addition, the quantification of this association was measured using models of logistic regression with the calculation of the raw odds ratio (rOR) with their respective confidence intervals of 95%. All the statistical analyses were carried out with the use of the statistical software SAS® 9.0. The sample consisted of 233 pregnant women who had antenatal care between May and December 2012. The occurrence of IPV at least once in life was reported by 55.36% of the women considered, while during the pregnancy the general violence rate of 15.45%, with 5.15% of physical violence, 14.59% of psychological violence and 0.43% sexual violence. There was a connection between IPV and women who declared themselves as black or partially skin-melaninated (p=0.0052; rOR = 3.840; IC=05%: 1.399; 7.997) and those who were not in a relationship with their partners at the time of the interview (p=0.0348; rOR=3.840; IC 95%: 1.376; 10.717). We also see a greater trend towards the presence of IPV among women who are younger, with lower levels of schooling, and who were not in paid work. The characteristics of reproductive health show an association between IPV and women who did not want the current pregnancy (p=0.0020; rOR=4.351; IC 95%: 1.786; 10.602), who rarely attend appointments with the gynaecologist (p=0.0129; rOR=2.971; IC = 95%: 1.023; 5,496). The study is the first of its kind in Brazil and has shown some relations between IPV and its implications related to reproductive health; other studies are therefore necessary so we may understand this relationship from a wider perspective, and also so we may direct our studies to the identification of those women in a situation of violence, with a rethink of intervention actions, relating them not only to health services but also to an intersectorial underlying situation

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47

Flaherty, Patricia. ""Poor girl!" feminism, disability and the other in Ulysses /". Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/634.

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Pakula, Barbara (Basia) Joanna. "Access to cervical cancer screening among First Nations women and other vulnerable populations in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside /". Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2717.

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49

Brown, Brenda. "Where are the men? : an investigation into female-headed households in Rini, with reference to household structures, the dynamics of gender and strategies against poverty". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002660.

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An in-depth study is conducted into ten female-headed households in the township of Rini, an underprivileged section of Grahamstown in the Eastem Cape region of South Africa. The study provides information on the way in which such households function in conditions of poverty and underemployment. The meaning of the term 'household' is clearly defined. A household consists of a group of people, who may or may not be kin-related, but who usually live under the same roof, eat together and share resources. Household members may be absent for varying periods of time, but are still considered to have rights in the household to which they belong. The female-headed household usually contains a core of adult women who are often uterine kin. Men are frequently members of these households and are usually related to the women who form the core. Their status and roles in such households are defined and intra-household relations between household members are discussed. In this study, female headship is observed to occur in conditions of poverty when an elderly woman is widowed, receives a regular income in the form of and old age pension, and when her status as the senior member of the household is acknowledged. The presence of men in female-headed households has not been widely emphasised in other studies, either of the female-headed household itself, or in research done in this area of South Africa. An attempt is therefore made to illustrate the way in which men function in these households and the varying roles they play. An attempt is also made to describe other structures and practices which support the female-headed household in a rapidly changing urban environment. These include church membership, burial society membership, the informal economy, wider kinship networks and, in the case of the men, the rite of circumcision.

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50

Maxson, Brian. "Review of Cultures of Charity: Women, Politics, and the Reform of Poor Relief in Renaissance Italy". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6202.

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