Literatura académica sobre el tema "Prioritná fronta"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte las listas temáticas de artículos, libros, tesis, actas de conferencias y otras fuentes académicas sobre el tema "Prioritná fronta".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Prioritná fronta"
1
Budd, Laurie y Stuart Newstead. "Identifying Future Vehicle Safety Priority Areas in Australia for the Light Vehicle Fleet". Journal of Road Safety 32, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00001.
Texto completoResumen
Formulating priorities for future road safety strategies requires supporting analysis to predict what the future crash population will look like and to assess how the countermeasures either already in place or planned will address the crash problems forecast. This analysis aimed to identify future priority action areas for light vehicle safety by identifying crash types that will not be fully addressed in the future by projected improvements in active and passive safety in the Australian light vehicle fleet. The future crash profile was modelled from 2017 to 2030 using crash data from 5 Australian jurisdictions overlayed with available evidence on vehicle safety feature fitment and effectiveness. The methodology can be applied to larger sets of safety technologies when sufficient evidence and supporting crash data become available. Three future vehicle safety priority areas were identified from the analysis: (i) fatal pedestrian crashes, (ii) single vehicle frontal crashes with objects, and (iii) front-to-front vehicle crashes both at intersections and midblocks, and front-to-side impacts at intersections including straight crossing path and right turn across path crash types. These crash types were projected to be the largest contributors to fatalities by 2030. Projections showed that remaining crash types in 2030 will be poorly addressed by current vehicle safety technologies such as autonomous emergency braking, lane departure warning and electronic stability control. Future vehicle safety policy priorities should address these crash types through the development of additional or enhanced vehicle safety technologies and where vehicle safety technology proves inadequate other countermeasures such as road infrastructure treatments and appropriate speed limit setting for high risk environments that address the key crash types remaining in the system.
2
Scales, Kylie L., Peter I. Miller, Lucy A. Hawkes, Simon N. Ingram, David W. Sims y Stephen C. Votier. "REVIEW: On the Front Line: frontal zones as priority at-sea conservation areas for mobile marine vertebrates". Journal of Applied Ecology 51, n.º 6 (30 de septiembre de 2014): 1575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12330.
Texto completo
3
Yu, Qing y Won Mok Shim. "Temporal-Order-Based Attentional Priority Modulates Mnemonic Representations in Parietal and Frontal Cortices". Cerebral Cortex 29, n.º 7 (15 de agosto de 2018): 3182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy184.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract The respective roles of occipital, parietal, and frontal cortices in visual working memory maintenance have long been under debate. Previous work on whether parietal and frontal regions convey mnemonic information has yielded mixed findings. One possibility for this variability is that the mnemonic representations in high-level frontoparietal regions are modulated by attentional priority, such as temporal order. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether the most recent item, which has a higher attentional priority in terms of temporal order, is preferentially encoded in frontoparietal regions. On each trial, participants viewed 2 gratings with different orientations in succession, and were cued to remember one of them. Using fMRI and an inverted encoding model, we reconstructed population-level, orientation representations in occipital (V1–V3), parietal (IPS), and frontal (FEF) areas during memory maintenance. Unlike early visual cortex where robust orientation representations were observed regardless of serial order, parietal, and frontal cortices showed stronger representations when participants remembered the second grating. A subsequent experiment using a change detection task on color rings excluded the possibilities of residual stimulus-driven signals or motor preparative signals for responses. These results suggest that mnemonic representations in parietal and frontal cortices are modulated by temporal-order-based attentional priority signals.
4
Liu, Feng, Jian-Jun Wang, Haozhe Chen y De-Li Yang. "Machine scheduling with outsourcing". International Journal of Logistics Management 25, n.º 1 (6 de mayo de 2014): 133–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-12-2012-0142.
Texto completoResumen
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the use of outsourcing as a mechanism to cope with supply chain uncertainty, more specifically, how to deal with sudden arrival of higher priority jobs that require immediate processing, in an in-house manufacturer's facility from the perspective of outsourcing. An operational level schedule of production and distribution of outsourced jobs to the manufacturer's facility should be determined for the subcontractor in order to achieve overall optimality. Design/methodology/approach – The problem is of bi-criteria in that both the transportation cost measured by number of delivery vehicles and schedule performance measured by jobs’ delivery times. In order to obtain the problem's Pareto front, we propose dynamic programming (DP) heuristic solution procedure based on integrated decision making, and population-heuristic solution procedures using different encoding schemes based on sequential decision making. Computational studies are designed and carried out by randomly generating comparative variations of numerical problem instances. Findings – By comparing several existing performance metrics for the obtained Pareto fronts, it is found that DP heuristic outperforms population-heuristic in both solutions diversity and proximity to optimal Pareto front. Also in population-heuristic, sub-range keys representation appears to be a better encoding scheme for the problem than random keys representation. Originality/value – This study contributes to the limited yet important knowledge body on using outsourcing approach to coping with possible supply chain disruptions in production scheduling due to sudden customer orders. More specifically, we used modeling methodology to confirm the importance of collaboration with subcontractors to effective supply chain risk management.
5
Stemmann, Heiko y Winrich A. Freiwald. "Evidence for an attentional priority map in inferotemporal cortex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n.º 47 (4 de noviembre de 2019): 23797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821866116.
Texto completoResumen
From incoming sensory information, our brains make selections according to current behavioral goals. This process, selective attention, is controlled by parietal and frontal areas. Here, we show that another brain area, posterior inferotemporal cortex (PITd), also exhibits the defining properties of attentional control. We discovered this area with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an attentive motion discrimination task. Single-cell recordings from PITd revealed strong attentional modulation across 3 attention tasks yet no tuning to task-relevant stimulus features, like motion direction or color. Instead, PITd neurons closely tracked the subject’s attention state and predicted upcoming errors of attentional selection. Furthermore, artificial electrical PITd stimulation controlled the location of attentional selection without altering feature discrimination. These are the defining properties of a feature-blind priority map encoding the locus of attention. Together, these results suggest area PITd, located strategically to gather information about object properties, as an attentional priority map.
6
Pasnak, Ivan y Artur Renkas. "Justification of traffic signaling modes at intersections considering the priority of public transport". Transport technologies 2021, n.º 1 (18 de junio de 2021): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/tt2021.01.013.
Texto completoResumen
With the growth of the road transport fleet and increase of urban agglomerations, the availability of private transport on the streets of cities with a population over 500 thousand inhabitants is quite noticeable. The previously developed general plans of such settlements, in modern realities, are impossible to implement both from a financial point of view and in terms of the urban space organization. Given the impossibility of meeting the needs of private car users, public transport comes first in the priorities of urban mobility. Problematic areas of the road network in many western Ukrainian cities are those that are densely populated. In such cases, it is not always possible to redesign elements of street sections or intersections, so the traffic management improvement is limited to organizational measures. Among them, the most popular and least expensive are the change the modes of light control at intersections. Considering modern opportunities, technical means and scientific achievements, the capacity of signalized intersections is high. The same applies to the principles of giving priority to public transport over time (at signalized intersections). At present, a significant number of methods and algorithms for detecting and heading the movement of public transport at traffic lights have been developed, however, the criteria for the application of each of them are not fully understood. As a result of the conducted research, the change of queues in front of stop-lines at intersections depending on types of signalization is defined. The results showed that the existing type of control creates significant traffic delays on secondary streets. As a result, it is proposed to use adaptive control, which provides for the adjustment of the traffic light cycle in the presence of tram traffic. Using traffic simulation tools, it became possible to choose different modes of traffic lights control at intersections, which can provide public transport priority, while minimizing the negative impact on the adjacent elements of the road network.
7
Nucamendi-Guillén, Samuel, Diego Flores-Díaz, Elias Olivares-Benitez y Abraham Mendoza. "A Memetic Algorithm for the Cumulative Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem Including Priority Indexes". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 11 (5 de junio de 2020): 3943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113943.
Texto completoResumen
This paper studies the Cumulative Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem, including Priority Indexes, a variant of the classical Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem, which serves the customers according to a certain level of preference. This problem can be effectively implemented in commercial and public environments where customer service is essential, for instance, in the delivery of humanitarian aid or in waste collection systems. For this problem, we aim to minimize two objectives simultaneously, the total latency and the total tardiness of the system. A Mixed Integer formulation is developed and solved using the AUGMECON2 approach to obtain true efficient Pareto fronts. However, as expected, the use of commercial software was able to solve only small instances, up to 15 customers. Therefore, two versions of a Memetic Algorithm with Random Keys (MA-RK) were developed to solve the problem. The computational results show that both algorithms provided good solutions, although the second version obtained denser and higher quality Pareto fronts. Later, both algorithms were used to solve larger instances (20–100 customers). The results were mixed in terms of quality but, in general, the MA-RK v2 consistently outperforms the first version. The models and algorithms proposed in this research provide useful insights for the decision-making process and can be applied to solve a wide variety of business situations where economic, customer service, environmental, and social concerns are involved.
8
Ide, Nicole, Adefunke Ajenikoko, Lindsay Steele, Jennifer Cohn, Christine J. Curtis, Thomas R. Frieden y Laura K. Cobb. "Priority Actions to Advance Population Sodium Reduction". Nutrients 12, n.º 9 (22 de agosto de 2020): 2543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092543.
Texto completoResumen
High sodium intake is estimated to cause approximately 3 million deaths per year worldwide. The estimated average sodium intake of 3.95 g/day far exceeds the recommended intake. Population sodium reduction should be a global priority, while simultaneously ensuring universal salt iodization. This article identifies high priority strategies that address major sources of sodium: added to packaged food, added to food consumed outside the home, and added in the home. To be included, strategies needed to be scalable and sustainable, have large benefit, and applicable to one of four measures of effectiveness: (1) Rigorously evaluated with demonstrated success in reducing sodium; (2) suggestive evidence from lower quality evaluations or modeling; (3) rigorous evaluations of similar interventions not specifically for sodium reduction; or (4) an innovative approach for sources of sodium that are not sufficiently addressed by an existing strategy. We identified seven priority interventions. Four target packaged food: front-of-pack labeling, packaged food reformulation targets, regulating food marketing to children, and taxes on high sodium foods. One targets food consumed outside the home: food procurement policies for public institutions. Two target sodium added at home: mass media campaigns and population uptake of low-sodium salt. In conclusion, governments have many tools to save lives by reducing population sodium intake.
9
Mazov, Nikolay A. y Vadim N. Gureyev. "Areas of concern when setting research priority". Science management: theory and practice 2, n.º 3 (2020): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2020.2.3.2.
Texto completoResumen
Detection of research priority is of key importance for the development of researchorganizations, universities, country, and society. The paper briefly reviews a range of issuesaccompanying the processes of research priority setting. These issues are primarily discussedin biomedical papers due to their utmost importance in the system of healthcare.The paper describes the main participants who set research priority including research organizationsand universities, grant funds, business companies and their investors, and governmentagencies. It is shown how relationships between participants can lead to a potential conflict of interest when prioritizing research. Resolution of conflicts at initial stages of researchpriority setting is especially important to maintain principles of fair competition, humanrights observance, development of collaboration, and enhancement of transparency inresearch. Problems of biased priority setting are detected toward international, basic, or hottopics, which requires the development of special criteria for each type of research. Issuesof dual-purpose research are studied from the perspective of publication ethics as they canresult in both advantages and damage for society. Modern approaches to research prioritysetting are reviewed. Methods of the detection of research trends and fronts are also brieflydescribed due to their impact on further priority setting. The mutual influence of researchfronts and research priority was shown. Tools for the detection of research trends and frontscomprise bibliometric analysis while research priority setting is significantly based on expertreview. Multiphase processes using various approaches seem to be the most promising inresearch priority setting.
10
Bachtiar, Firmansyah. "Identifikasi Potensi Pengembangan Jalur Pejalan Kaki Di Koridor Jalan Tegar Beriman, Cibinong". Arsitekta : Jurnal Arsitektur dan Kota Berkelanjutan 2, n.º 02 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47970/arsitekta.v2i02.201.
Texto completoResumen
Rencana pengembangan konsep Cibinong Situ Front City berdampak pada kebutuhan pengembangan infrastruktur penunjang di sekitar lokasi terkait. Jalan Tegar Beriman adalah salah satu koridor utama pintu masuk kawasan pusat pemerintahan Kabupaten Bogor yang termasuk dalam deliniasi pengembangan Situ Front City. Pengembangan kawasan Situ Front City berpotensi menstimulasi peningkatan frekuensi pejalan kaki terutama pada kawasan yang dipengaruhi keberadaan kantor-kantor pemerintahan dan juga potensi wisata di sekitar Situ Kebantenan dan Situ Cikaret. Saat ini, penataan jalur pedestrian sudah dilakukan dari sekitar Kantor Bupati hingga ke Kantor Dinas PUPR Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk melihat titik potensi bangkitan pejalan kaki dan ketersediaan ruang pengembangan jalur pejalan kaki pada Ruang Milik Jalan (Rumija) eksisting. Teridentifikasinya potensi dan ketersediaan ruang tersebut akan menjadi pertimbangan dalam prioritas pengembangan segmen jalur pejalan kaki lanjutan disepanjang Koridor Tegar Beriman.
Tesis sobre el tema "Prioritná fronta"
1
Kozovský, Daniel. "Implementace kalendáře událostí". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445524.
Texto completoResumen
This work aims to create a library in C++, which implements various variants of the pending event set, which is used in discrete simulations. The library includes nine different implementations of the pending event set, accessible through a single interface. This interface is designed to make it easy to extend the library with additional implementations. In addition to the library itself, the work also describes the design of the test application and evaluates the time complexity of individual implementations.
2
Németh, František. "Prioritní paketové fronty v FPGA". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400917.
Texto completoResumen
Master thesis is dealing with issues and problems of packet queue management in high speed packet networks. Design implementation is made in VHDL hardware description language. In theoretical part of thesis are explained different types of mechanism used for providing quality of service in communication networks. Furthermore the brief description o VHDL, FPGA and framework Netcope Development Kit is a piece of theoretical part as well. The outcome of practical part contains a design, limiting packet queues based on Tocken Bucket mechanism. Design verification was made by simulations, synthesis and real implementation on smart NIC NFB-200G2QL. All kind of verificaion results are summerized in last three chapters.
3
Fogl, Miroslav. "Testování podpory kvalitativních požadavků služeb v experimentální datové síti". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218950.
Texto completoResumen
This work deals with the qualitative requirements on services in IP networks based on technology Ethernet. We describe basic methods for imposing quality control mechanisms on services within networks. We elaborate on the ways, in which packets can be handled, overload controlled and transfer speed in network elements limited. Attention is given also to the Network Layer and Link Layer. Based on concrete specifications of network devices in UTKO laboratory an experimental network was designed and constructed. Network consisting of routers and switches linked several servers with client stations. Various types of data transfers (VoIP, HTTP, FTP, video) were generated. Several techniques for handling packets with different priorities were verified and compared. We observed that, in situations when connections are under full load, implementation of QoS support in the network becomes very important. This observation was confirmed by measurements. We also measured the parameters of the system during simulations of various situations, such as overload of a connection due to unsolicited operations or failure of a connection between routers. In order to guarantee the quality of services it is necessary to create a domain, in which rules are consistently observed in all network elements.
4
MacGillivray, Alice Elizabeth. "Using business intelligence (information technology) tools to facilitate front-line priority-setting in a public sector organisation". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ49193.pdf.
Texto completo
5
INNOCENTI, GIACOMO. "FRA PRIORITA' NAZIONALI E CONTINENTAL COMMITMENT. LA STRATEGIA BRITANNICA NEL PRIMO CONFLITTO MONDIALE E L'INTERVENTO SUL FRONTE ITALIANO 1917 - 1919". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19573.
Texto completoResumen
In questo lavoro è stata studiata l’evoluzione della strategia di sicurezza imperiale della Gran Bretagna. Il periodo preso in esame è compreso tra la fine dell’Ottocento e i primi anni del Novecento. Alla luce di questa evoluzione e del contesto internazionale che l’ha generata, è studiata la strategia seguita da Londra durante il primo conflitto mondiale, analizzando il caso dell’intervento della British Army in Italia dopo la battaglia di Caporetto.
La tesi mostra come l’immobilità del fronte occidentale spinse il Governo britannico a cercare nuovi fronti al fine di garantire i suoi obiettivi strategici.
In questo contesto è inserito l’ingresso dell’Italia nel conflitto. Lo studio evidenzia come la Gran Bretagna intendesse il fronte italiano quale strumento per sottrarre risorse alla Germania. Dopo Caporetto gli inglesi, giunti in Italia per supportare l’esercito italiano, cercarono di utilizzarlo con il fine di escludere l’Austria-Ungheria dal conflitto e isolare la Germania.
La tesi dimostra come, dal punto di vista inglese, il fronte italiano fosse un esempio di expeditionary strategy, ma che divenne una componente veramente integrata della difesa imperiale britannica solo nel momento in cui l’Italia isolò la Germania e si preparò a invaderla da sud, dopo la battaglia di Vittorio Veneto.The aim of this work is to study the evolution of the British Imperial security strategy. The work investigates the period between the end of the 18th Century and the beginning of the 19th. In the light of the evolution and the international contest that created it, it is studied the strategy applied by London during the First World War and will be analysed the case of the British Army’s expedition in Italy after the battle of Caporetto. The thesis shows that the immobility of the western front led the British Government to seek new fronts in order to gain its strategic objectives. The study shows how Great Britain interpreted the Italian front such as a tool to take resources away from Germany. After Caporetto the British came to Italy to support the Italian Army, they tried to use it to exclude Austria-Hungary from the conflict and to close off Germany. The thesis proves that, by the British point of view, the Italian front was an example of expeditionary strategy, but it became an integrated part of the Imperial British strategy only when Italy isolated Germany and organised its invasion from the South, after the battle of Vittorio Veneto.
6
ZHU, QIAN-YE y 朱茜曄. "The Analysis of High Priority National Issues in People’s Daily—Content Analysis of Front-page Headlines During the 18th CPC National Congress and the 19th CPC National Congress". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t498pe.
Texto completoResumen
碩士銘傳大學
新媒體暨傳播管理學系碩士班
107
Newspaper is the one with the longest history in the four news media. Nowadays, even the new media is popular, newspaper still plays an irreplaceable role. Newspaper has many functions and one important function is leading public opinion. Therefore, we can know the trend and development of public opinion and issues through reading newspaper. In China, there is such a special newspaper that has absolute important functions and status among other news media. As the mouthpiece of party and government, and window of culture towards the world, it publicizes party’s policy view, records changes in China’s society and reports major events and issues in China. It is the People’s Daily and official newspaper of Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. In view of the People’s Daily as the official newspaper of Communist Party of China, its headlines are said to be the wind indicator of issues the state concerns. We can quickly know the current focuses our country followed. Owing to the particularity of People’s Daily and the importance of headlines, combined with the background of national development, we can know the current issues our country concerns and changes of social hot spot. This year is the 70th anniversary of the birth of the People’s Daily. It plays an important role in the publicity of state politics all the time. Now the number of users reaches to 650 million. However, what contents do headlines of People’s Daily mainly report? Whether the headlines of People’s Daily follow the social hot topics? Can we observe the trend of issues our country concerns from headlines of People’s Daily? With such questions, the author names this paper “ Analysis of the headlines of the People’s Daily” . Since People’s Daily was founded, it has been 70 years. Due to large number of publications, author’s limited ability, and wide scope of national topics, this study only takes headlines of People’s Daily with 180 items (each 90 items in front and back) as object of study in two scenarios: “the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China” and “the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China”. The author hopes to know the distribution trend of type of headlines in People’s Daily and the presentation of national issues in headlines of People’s Daily in the two scenarios through this study. The research results show that, around the 18th CPC National Congress and the 19th CPC National Congress, the front-page headlines of the People's Daily present the national issues in line with the national issues raised and discussed at the two meetings, but the focus and presentation of the issues are different. According to the findings of this study, the suggestions for the future format of the front-page headlines of People's Daily are as follows: People's Daily should keep a concise form of news reporting to present the national issues, and can add some other types of national issues related reports appropriate.
Libros sobre el tema "Prioritná fronta"
1
Picardo, Gerardo. La cultura come priorità: La destra di fronte alla modernità : atti del convegno, Ariano Irpino, 27-28 ottobre 2001. Firenze: Sassoscritto, 2002.
Buscar texto completo
2
Richemond-Barak, Daphné. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190457242.003.0008.
Texto completoResumen
LT. GEN. BENNY GANTZ, formerly the IDF’s Chief of Staff, is of the view that tunnels pose a strategic threat to Israel, but not an existential threat.1 I subscribe to this assessment. This book does not seek to portray underground warfare as the most significant threat facing states. Advocating that greater attention be paid to underground threats does not mean placing such threats at the very top of a state’s priority list. States should find a way to make resources available to increase awareness, cooperation, and prevention in the realm of underground warfare—without compromising their readiness on other fronts....
3
Hemmelgarn, Anthony L. y Charles Glisson. Participatory-based versus Authority-based Human Service Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455286.003.0012.
Texto completoResumen
This chapter introduces ARC’s principle of being participatory based. This principle requires the active, open participation of front-line staff, middle managers, and top administrators in decisions about practices and policies that affect the well-being of clients served by their organization. It counters the conflicting priority of prescribing change in a top-down manner without the benefit of the experience of those closest to service provision. The chapter explains how participatory-based organizations impact staff discretion, motivation, learning, and engagement with clients and reviews the empirical evidence that supports participatory-based approaches. This evidence includes research in social cognition and neuroscience. Case examples illustrate the positive impact of participatory approaches on service provider and client outcomes, outlining their influence through norms and expectations as well as underlying beliefs and assumptions.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Prioritná fronta"
1
"Front Matter". En The Priority of Love, i—viii. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1fkgdgv.1.
Texto completo
2
"Front Matter". En Priorités actuelles et futures : Tome 2, I—VI. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18ph9ns.1.
Texto completo
3
Alston, Lee J., Marcus André Melo, Bernardo Mueller y Carlos Pereira. "Cardoso Seizes a Window of Opportunity (1993–2002)". En Brazil in Transition. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691162911.003.0005.
Texto completoResumen
This chapter examines Cardoso's presidency, arguing that his leadership was not solely top-down; rather, the Cardoso team coordinated other organizations and citizens to buy into the Plano Real. It argues that, first, Brazil entered into a virtuous path toward a critical transition, which was not inevitable. Second, to quell inflation entailed up-front costs and coordination problems that required leadership, which the Brazilians resolved by maintaining that social inclusion would still be given priority as long as it was fiscally sound. Third, new economic and political actors developed a stake in the reform process and formed a constituency that did not exist before: firms redeployed their assets in new profitable ways (as opposed to rent seeking) and politicians increasingly voted for public goods.
4
Dryzek, John S. y Jonathan Pickering. "Conclusion: a practical politics of the Anthropocene". En The Politics of the Anthropocene, 151–62. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809616.003.0008.
Texto completoResumen
How exactly might ecological reflexivity be established as a core priority of social, economic, and political institutions? Rather than think in terms of any model to aim for, it is better to begin with where we are now and figure out positive moves on many fronts. Living frameworks—embodied in institutions that are flexible enough to respond to changing social and ecological conditions but stable enough to provide a basis for long-term flourishing—can facilitate such efforts. A practical politics of the Anthropocene can involve dismantling aspects of lock-in to the carbon economy and other unsustainable practices, avoiding renewed lock-in that could arise through misguided efforts to solve ecological problems, and cultivating elements of reflexivity through institutional, legal, and cultural change. Introducing elements of reflexivity—and learning from them—can facilitate more effective rethinking of dominant institutions and their pathological path dependencies, and build momentum for transformative change.
5
Sellapperumage, Savithri. "COVID-19 Vaccine Nationalism and Politicization". En Advances in Digital Crime, Forensics, and Cyber Terrorism, 86–111. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7904-6.ch006.
Texto completoResumen
The COVID-19 pandemic has swept the world uprooting people from their livelihoods and toppling the economy of the world. Thus, to everyone's interest, producing a vaccine became the priority to gain at least half the normalcy in day-to-day activities of the world. With over a year passing, several states have come to the front in producing vaccines, having completed tedious processes of research and clinical trials. The next mammoth task at hand is distribution and administration in countries. However, with only a few countries gaining the advantage of production, they are seen to exercise power politics in purchasing and distribution of the vaccine. Developing countries have succumbed to a difficult predicament amidst balancing the great powers and the financial inability to obtain the vaccination. Therefore, the chapter explores the political dimension to vaccine distribution and the plight of developing nations in obtaining the vaccine. Further, the chapter observes the global initiatives taken to address the issue and the impact of distribution on health security.
6
Calderón-Garcidueñas, Lilian, José Avila-Ramírez, Ana Calderón-Garcidueñas, Tonatiuh González-Heredia, Hilda Acuña-Ayala, Chih-kai Chao, Charles Thompson et al. "Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Highly Exposed PM2.5 Urbanites: The Risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases in Young Mexico City Residents". En Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aiad210039.
Texto completoResumen
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) above US EPA standards is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk, while Mn toxicity induces parkinsonism. Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) children have pre- and postnatal sustained and high exposures to PM2.5, O3, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. Young MCMA residents exhibit frontal tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloid-β (Aβ)1–42 diffuse plaques, and aggregated and hyperphosphorylated α-synuclein in olfactory nerves and key brainstem nuclei. We measured total prion protein (TPrP), total tau (T-tau), tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-Tau), Aβ1–42, α-synuclein (t-α-syn and d-α-synuclein), BDNF, insulin, leptin, and/or inflammatory mediators, in 129 normal CSF samples from MCMA and clean air controls. Aβ1–42 and BDNF concentrations were significantly lower in MCMA children versus controls (p = 0.005 and 0.02, respectively). TPrP increased with cumulative PM2.5 up to 5 μg/m3 and then decreased, regardless of cumulative value or age (R2 = 0.56). TPrP strongly correlated with T-Tau and P-Tau, while d-α-synuclein showed a significant correlation with TNFα, IL10, and IL6 in MCMA children. Total synuclein showed an increment in childhood years related to cumulated PM2.5, followed by a decrease after age 12 years R2 = 0.47), while d-α-synuclein exhibited a tendency to increase with cumulated PM2.5 (R2 = 0.30). CSF Aβ1–42, BDNF, α-synuclein, and TPrP changes are evolving in young MCMA urbanites historically showing underperformance in cognitive processes, odor identification deficits, downregulation of frontal cellular PrP, and neuropathological AD and PD hallmarks. Neuroprotection of young MCMA residents ought to be a public health priority.
7
Beerling, David. "The flourishing forests of Antarctica". En The Emerald Planet. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192806024.003.0013.
Texto completoResumen
By arriving at the South Pole on 14 December 1911, the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen (1872–1928) reached his destination over a month ahead of the British effort led by Captain Robert Falcon Scott (1868–1912). As Scott’s party approached the South Pole on 17 January 1912, they were devastated to see from afar the Norwegian’s black flag. On arrival, they discovered the remains of his camp with ski and sledge tracks, and numerous dog footprints. Amundsen, it turned out, had used dogs and diversionary tactics to secure victory while the British team had man-hauled their sledges. These differences were not lost on The Times in London, which marked the achievement with muted praise, declaring it ‘not quite in accordance with the spirit of fair and open competition which hitherto marked Antarctic exploration’. Exhausted, Scott and his men spent time the following day making scientific observations around the Pole, erected ‘our poor slighted Union Jack’, and photographed themselves in front of it (Plate 11). Lieutenant Bowers took the picture by pulling a string to activate the shutter. It is perhaps the most well known, and at the same time the saddest picture, of the entire expedition—a poignant image of the doomed party, all of whom look utterly fed up as if somehow sensing the fate awaiting them. The cold weather, icy wind, and dismal circumstances led Scott to acerbically remark in his diary: ‘Great god! This is an awful place and terrible enough to have laboured to it without the reward of priority.’ By this time, the party had been hauling their sledges for weeks, and all the men were suffering from dehydration, owing to fatigue and altitude sickness from being on the Antarctic plateau that sits nearly 3000m above sea level. Three of them, Captain Oates, Seaman Evans, and Bowers, were badly afflicted with frostbitten noses and cheeks. Ahead lay the return leg, made all the more unbearable by the crippling psychological blow of knowing they had been second to the Pole. After a gruelling 21-day trek in bitterly cold summit winds, the team reached their first cache of food and fuel, covering the distance six days faster than it had taken them to do the leg in the other direction.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Prioritná fronta"
1
Shuai, Zhibin, Hui Zhang, Junmin Wang, Jianqiu Li y Minggao Ouyang. "Network Control of Vehicle Lateral Dynamics With Control Allocation and Dynamic Message Priority Assignment". En ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3890.
Texto completoResumen
In this paper we study the lateral motion control and torque allocation for four-wheel-independent-drive electric vehicles (4WID-EVs) with combined active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC) through in-vehicle networks. It is well known that the in-vehicle networks and x-by-wire technologies have considerable advantages over the traditional point-to-point communications, and bring great strengths to 4WID-EVs. However, there are also bandwidth limitations which would lead to message time delays in network communication. We propose a method on effectively utilizing the limited bandwidth resources and attenuating the adverse influence of in-vehicle network-induced time delays, based on the idea of dynamic message priority assignment according to the vehicle states and control signals. Simulation results from a high-fidelity vehicle model in CarSim® show that the proposed vehicle lateral control and torque allocation algorithm can improve the 4WID-EV lateral motion control performance, and the proposed message priority dynamic assignment algorithm can significantly reduce the adverse influence of the in-vehicle network-induced time delays.
2
Garimella, Raman, Koen Beyers, Thomas Peeters, Stijn Verwulgen, Seppe Sels y Toon Huysmans. "A Novel Training Bike and Camera System to Evaluate Pose of Cyclists". En ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24069.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract Aerodynamic drag force can account for up to 90% of the opposing force experienced by a cyclist. Therefore, aerodynamic testing and efficiency is a priority in cycling. An inexpensive method to optimize performance is required. In this study, we evaluate a novel indoor setup as a tool for aerodynamic pose training. The setup consists of a bike, indoor home trainer, camera, and wearable inertial motion sensors. A camera calculates frontal area of the cyclist and the trainer varies resistance to the cyclist by using this as an input. To guide a cyclist to assume an optimal pose, joint angles of the body are an objective metric. To track joint angles, two methods were evaluated: optical (RGB camera for the two-dimensional angles in sagittal plane of 6 joints), and inertial sensors (wearable sensors for three-dimensional angles of 13 joints). One (1) male amateur cyclist was instructed to recreate certain static and dynamic poses on the bike. The inertial sensors provide excellent results (absolute error = 0.28°) for knee joint. Based on linear regression analysis, frontal area can be best predicted (correlation > 0.4) by chest anterior/posterior tilt, pelvis left/right rotation, neck flexion/extension, chest left/right rotation, and chest left/right lateral tilt (p < 0.01).
3
Shetty, Devdas, Vishwesh Coimbatore y Claudio Campana. "Design Methodology for Assembly and Disassembly Based on Rating Factors". En ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81450.
Texto completoResumen
Design engineers need an automated tool to effectively analyze the ease of assembly & disassembly of the subassemblies and the innovative products they create. A good assembly design makes it easier to service, easier to repair and maintain. Due to current environmental regulations the designers are forced to think about the life cycle of a product, recycling and reuse aspects of the products from the very beginning. This creates an environment for efficient implementation of design for manufacturing tools and techniques. A New Design for Assembly / Disassembly (DFA/DFD) Evaluation methodology explained here enables the designer to review the design for assembly and disassembly difficulties by considering several contributing factors and their importance to successful product creation. The technique is based on the criteria of “Rating Factors”. A spreadsheet format is used to create the front end interface for the user and to include all the influencing factors. The major parameters considered for the study are access, tool, task, re-use, removal, recyclability. Since the product maintenance is an important factor additional maintenance related issues such as spare parts, waiting time, priority and cost are considered as rating factors. The new methodology was compared with other existing techniques and found to be valid and useful to manufacturing industries.
4
Garrido Silva, Gianina, Juan Manuel Arguello Espinosa, Jessica Gissella Maradey Lázaro, Geidy Alexandra Bayona Velasco y Angela Dayana Suescun Mejia. "Design and Construction of a Posterior Walker for Older Adults “Moviclinic”". En ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24307.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract In recent years, the population of older adults (i.e age over 65) will double from 11% to 22% according to statistics from the World Health Organization (i.e WHO). The assistive devices for gait (i.e Assistive Devices and Mobility Aids, ADMA) allow the movement and mobility of people with reduced abilities to walk, providing additional support of the human body to the ground. Some authors have classified these devices as fixed and mobile. Fixed devices are made up of parallel bars or handrails and mobile devices that include walking sticks, crutches, and walkers. Especially, mobile devices allow the gait to be carried out by leaning on the device so that the patient will have greater stability and balance; as well as autonomy on regular terrain. Likewise, these reduce the risk of complications such as falls and immobilizations, which greatly improves the patient’s functionality and in rehabilitation can help to reduce pain in the muscles and joints by redistributing weight. The “Moviclinic” rear walker is made up of a metal frame, equipped with forearm support and a front safety stop, which provides security for the user and his family. The rear wheels allow to direct the element and with the front wheels regulates the speed. Besides, it has an obstacle detection system which is based on the ultrasound principle, generating an audible alarm when detecting them with two priority levels, and the alarm system activated directly by the user. This feature always allows both the user and his family or caregiver to have peace of mind at all the times. Electronic design is also included. This article aims to show the design, construction and validation of a support device for elderly patients with gait disturbances called “Moviclinic” based on the application of the “Design Thinking” methodology, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and a technological surveillance analysis to make a comparison with current walkers and be able to offer a quality, efficient and affordable product. Finally, the test protocols carried out and the results obtained when testing their operation.
5
Maloney, Steven M., Tomas A. Morgan y Adam M. Engle. "Asset Ranking Manager: Ranking Index of Components". En 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49473.
Texto completoResumen
The Ranking Index of Components (RIC) is an Asset Reliability Manager (ARM), which itself is a Web Enabled front end where plant database information fields from several disparate databases are combined. That information is used to create a specific weighted number (Ranking Index) relating to that components health and risk to the site. The higher the number, the higher priority that any work associated with that component receives. ARM provides site Engineering, Maintenance and Work Control personnel with a composite real time / (current condition) look at the components “risk of not working” to the plant. Information is extracted from the existing Computerized Maintenance management System (CMMS) and specific site applications and processed nightly. ARM helps to ensure that the most important work is placed into the workweeks and the non value added work is either deferred, frequency changed or deleted. This information is on the Web, updated each night, and available for all employees to use. This effort assists the work management specialist when allocating limited resources to the most important work. The use of this tool has maximized resource usage, performing the most critical work with available resources. This has also helped start a review of PM’s that could be deferred or extended earlier in the work management process. The ARM numbers are valued inputs into work scoping for the workweek managers. System and Component Engineers are using ARM to identify the components that are at “risk of failure” and therefore should be place into the appropriate work week schedule. Based on the insights gained from the initial use of this tool, enhancements are being contemplated that will further increase the value of this tool for work management.
6
Bannasch, Rudolf, Konstantin Kebkal, Sergey Yakovlev y Alexej Kebkal. "Fast and Reliable Underwater Communication: Successful Applications of Biologically Inspired Techniques". En 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92550.
Texto completoResumen
The capability of the Sweep Spread Carrier (S2C) technology to overcome even the most crucial problems occurring in noisy ultra-shallow water channels could be shown in a wide range of technical applications. A milestone was the first real time transmission of side-scan sonar data while sea-floor mapping carried out by the AUV HUGIN 1000 running several hundred meters in front of the supply ship at a depth of 100–200 m (water depth ca. 400 m). Data speed was between 20 and 33 kBit/s in this trial. Based on this experience a new protocol providing two communication layers has been developed which allows to interpose high priority messages into an ongoing data stream when ever appropriate. So the S2C modems can be used for the transmission of large data files (measurements, digital images etc.) while serving as a fast and reliable control or command link, simultaneously. Current developments include integrated communication, tracking and positioning (combination with an USBL module) and enhanced networking capability. Various models ranging from high-speed S2C modems for short distance application (up to 72 kBit/s over several hundred metres) to efficient long-range modems became available. One of our latest models, the S2C M 7/17, is currently tested in the German Tsunami warning system in the Indian Ocean. The two directional acoustic link between the ocean bottom unit (OBU in 5000–6000 m depth) and the satellite buoy at the surface will be fast enough to transmit not only pressure data but also the records of 4 high-resolution seismic channels including the pre-history of a given Tsunami event. Via satellite scientists have permanent access to the OBU and can thus analyse any event of interest. This new technology opens many possibilities also for applications in Offshore Mechanics and Arctic engineering. Worthwhile to be mentioned, just the other day also the acoustic data transfer via the mud inside of a drill pipe was managed by using the S2C technique.
7
Miners, W. y H. Arikkat. "T26 PMS – Real time Control of Power Generation, Propulsion and Auxiliaries". En 14th International Naval Engineering Conference and Exhibition. IMarEST, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/issn.2515-818x.2018.040.
Texto completoResumen
The Platform Management System is a key component of a lean-manned ship. Centralised remote operation removes manpower from machinery spaces, while advanced algorithms and increased integration simplify the operators’ daily tasks enabling them to broaden their responsibilities. This inherently results in driving down costs and increasing efficiency. There are a great many benefits to increased automation, however a reliance on these systems means placing a greater focus on the up-front engineering effort required to make a safe and secure system which meets the needs of the user. Sometimes, however, requirements can evolve in early stages of a project, so it also needs to be able to adapt with a flexible design able to cope with inevitable change. Strictly following a traditional V-model lifecycle can ensure compliance against customer requirements, whilst emerging requirements and user experience factors can be overlooked. A collaborative approach involving stakeholders throughout the design lifecycle helps to reduce overall programme risk by reducing change and providing progressive assurance. Through this collaboration throughout the design process and the incorporation of innovations from outside the marine industry, the T26 PMS design has evolved into a flexible, scalable and user centric solution. The innovative solution now in place can meet a plethora of challenges, incorporating safety, security and the performance required of real-time control. Safety-accredited components are used to support emergent safety requirements, while a distributed architecture both increases resilience to battle damage and scales to system load. Human factors, often placed at a lower priority than “hard and fast” requirements, have been a key design driver, with the dichotomy between safety and operability being confronted regularly throughout the design. Following a system-of-systems approach, the development team pick a component of the PMS and take a deep-dive into the subsystem development, demonstrating the incorporation of safety, human factors and security into the design as early as possible. The paper then looks forwards to the future of the project, and the “right side of the V”, showing how a proactive approach to assurance and acceptance can help reduce overall programme risk.
8
De Valkeneer, Michel, Michel Detilleux, Guy Nuyt, Jean-Pierre Fabry, Guy Demazy y Luc Janssen. "Latest Developments About Spent Fuel Management in Belgium". En ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1210.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract In Belgium 57% of the electricity is presently generated by 7 nuclear units of the PWR type located in Doel and Tihange. Their total output amounts to 5632 MWe. Part of the spent fuel unloaded from the first three units has been sent till 2000 for reprocessing in the Cogema facility at La Hague. As the reprocessing of the spent fuel produced by the last four units is not covered by the contracts concluded with Cogema, Synatom, the Belgian utilities’ subsidiary in charge of the front- and back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle for all PWR reactors in Belgium, decided to study the possible solutions for a temporary storage of this spent fuel. End of 1993, the Belgian government decided that reprocessing (closed cycle) and direct disposal (open cycle) of spent fuel had to be considered as equal options in the back-end policy for nuclear fuel in Belgium. The resolution further allowed continued execution of a running reprocessing contract (from 1978) and use of the corresponding Pu for MOX in Belgian NPP’s, but requested a reprocessing contract concluded in 1990 (for reprocessing services after 2000) not to be executed during a five-year period. During this period priority was to be given to studies on the once-through cycle as an option for spent fuel management. Figure 1 is a chart showing the two alternatives for the spent fuel cycle in Belgium. In this context, Synatom entrusted Belgatom to develop a dedicated flask (called “bottle”) for direct disposal of spent fuel, to perform a design study of an appropriate encapsulation process and to prepare a preliminary feasibility study of a complete spent fuel conditioning plant. Meanwhile preparation works were made for the construction of an interim storage facility on both NPP sites of Doel and Tihange in order to meet increasing storage capacity needs. For selecting the type of interim storage facility, Belgatom performed a technical-economical analysis. Considerations of design and safety criteria as well as flexibility, reversibility, technical constraints, global economical aspects and construction time led to adopt dry storage with dual purpose casks (in operation since end 1995) for the Doel site and wet storage in a modular pool for the Tihange site (in operation since 1997). In parallel, ONRAF/NIRAS, the Belgian Agency for the management of radioactive waste and enriched fissile materials and the Belgian nuclear research centre, SCK•CEN, conduct underground investigations in view of geological disposal. The paper describes the methodology that Belgatom has developed to provide the utilities with appropriate solutions (reracking, dry storage in casks, wet storage in ponds, etc.) and how Belgatom demonstrated also the feasibility of spent fuel conditioning with a view to direct disposal in clay layers. The spent fuel storage facilities in operation in Belgium, designed and built by Belgatom, are then briefly presented.
9
Wittebolle, V. "Last Developments About Spent Fuel Management in Belgium". En ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1202.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract In Belgium 57% of the electricity is presently generated by 7 nuclear units of the PWR type located in Doel and Tihange. Their total output amounts to 5632 MWe. Part of the spent fuel unloaded from the first three units has been sent till 2000 for reprocessing in the Cogema facility at La Hague. As the reprocessing of the spent fuel produced by the last four units is not covered by the contracts concluded with Cogema, Synatom, the Belgian utilities’ subsidiary in charge of the front- and back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle for all PWR reactors in Belgium, decided to study the possible solutions for a temporary storage of this spent fuel. End of 1993, the Belgian government decided that reprocessing (closed cycle) and direct disposal (open cycle) of spent fuel had to be considered as equal options in the back-end policy for nuclear fuel in Belgium. The resolution further allowed continued execution of a running reprocessing contract (from 1978) and use of the corresponding Pu for MOX in Belgian NPP’s, but requested a reprocessing contract concluded in 1990 (for reprocessing services after 2000) not to be executed during a five-year period. During this period priority was to be given to studies on the once-through cycle as an option for spent fuel management. Figure 1 is a chart showing the two alternatives for the spent fuel cycle in Belgium. In this context, Synatom entrusted Belgatom1 to develop a dedicated flask (called “bottle”) for direct disposal of spent fuel, to perform a design study of an appropriate encapsulation process and to prepare a preliminary feasibility study of a complete spent fuel conditioning plant. Meanwhile preparation works were made for the construction of an interim storage facility on both NPP sites of Doel and Tihange in order to meet increasing storage capacity needs. For selecting the type of interim storage facility, Belgatom performed a technical-economical analysis. Considerations of design and safety criteria as well as flexibility, reversibility, technical constraints, global economical aspects and construction time led to adopt dry storage with dual purpose casks (in operation since end 1995) for the Doel site and wet storage in a modular pool for the Tihange site (in operation since 1997). In parallel, ONRAF/NIRAS, the Belgian Agency for the management of radioactive waste and enriched fissile materials and the Belgian nuclear research centre, SCK•CEN, conduct underground investigations in view of geological disposal. The paper describes the methodology that Belgatom has developed to provide the utilities with appropriate solutions (reracking, dry storage in casks, wet storage in ponds, etc.) and how Belgatom demonstrated also the feasibility of spent fuel conditioning with a view to direct disposal in clay layers. The spent fuel storage facilities in operation in Belgium and designed and built by Belgatom are then briefly presented.
10
Fellingham, Lorimer y Timothy K. Manners. "Assessment of the Recoverability of Dumped Spent Fuel in the Kara Sea". En ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4864.
Texto completoResumen
Sixteen reactor units, six of which plus a special container retain spent fuel, have been dumped by the Russian Federation in the Kara Sea off the island of Novaya Zemlya. The total radioactive inventory is of ∼4.2 × 1015 Bq. There has been widespread concern over their safety and current and future impacts on the local environment. This paper assesses the options for the recovery and permanent management of the spent nuclear fuel (SNF). The study was undertaken as part of the European Commission’s TACIS Programme to improve the safety of radioactive waste management in the north-west region of Russia [1]. It involved reviewing existing studies into the radiological situation in Arctic waters; identifying the key factors affecting potential recovery; determining and assessing potential options and recommending the preferred strategy. Two basic choices exist for the dumped reactors and fuel: 1. Leave dumped in the sea; 2. Salvage to land and treat/dispose. In total 11 options were identified and evaluated. Three were variants of 1), i.e. leave unchanged, improve the containment, and partially raise and redump in deeper waters. The remainder involved combinations of salvage of reactor compartments or only the reactor pressure vessels, followed by direct disposal on land of the reactor with or without the spent fuel and reprocessing or direct burial of any extracted fuel. The first stage of the assessment included preparation for each option of engineering cost and net present value (NPV) estimates; a cost benefit analysis based on the cost-of-dose saving using the ALARP principle; a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Risks (SWOR) analysis and the generation of a detailed Environmental Aspect register, including a semi-quantitative Environmental Risk Assessment. The risk assessment methodology was based on a risk matrix, which compared environmental consequence with likely frequency to determine the significance of the impacts. The risk matrix was developed from established systems used for safety risk assessment of industrial, nuclear and chemical hazards. A scoring system was developed to cover factors that could affect decision-making. It included: i) Radiological impact to man. ii) Environmental impact assessment. iii) Ease of disposal. iv) Regulatory pressure. v) Technical feasibility. vi) Integrity of containment. vii) Up-front capital cost. viii) Discounted total cost. ix) Cost Benefit with ALARP. x) International will. xi) Risk from terrorist intrusion. xii) Public acceptability. The scoring system was subject to weighting to put priority on the most important issues. A sensitivity assessment was used to ensure the selection system was robust. Finally, the Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) for the dumped SNF was determined. The study concludes that it is technically feasible to recover the reactors and spent fuel. However, the cost will be a minimum of £50M. The radiological consequences of leaving the reactors and fuel in their present location are very small. Thus the benefits of recovery are not justifiable. The overall conclusion is that a continuation of the current strategy is the preferred management option.
Informes sobre el tema "Prioritná fronta"
1
McNulty, Steven, Sarah Wiener, Emrys Treasure, Jennifer Moore Myers, Hamid Farahani, Lisa Fouladbash, David Marshall y Rachel F. Steele. Southeast Regional Climate Hub Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies. United States. Department of Agriculture, enero de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7279978.ch.
Texto completoResumen
Climate-related variability in rainfall, temperature, and extreme weather (e.g., drought, flood, unseasonal frost) pose significant challenges to working land (i.e., range, forest, and agricultural) managers across the southeastern United States. This document outlines the type of risks that southeastern agriculture and forestry currently face and, in some cases, options to address these risks. Finally, this document looks forward to providing direction on the priority needs of Southeast working land managers and an outline of how the USDA Southeast Climate Hub will address those needs.